57
로 익히는 재미있는 수학 Mathematica 김향숙 인제대학교 교수 김영미 신라대학교 교수 그래프 그리기 . 교사를 위한 매스매티카 활용 그래픽과 함수편 참고 ( ), p.3 p.109 이차원 그래픽 1. 평면 그래프를 나타내는 방법은 함수의 종류에 따라 여러 가지 방법이 있는 여기에서는 함수 , 의 경우 매개함수 , , 의 경우, 극좌표함수 의 경우 음함수 및 리스트의 그래프를 그리는 방법을 다 , 루고자 한다 우선 각 경우에 대하여 간단히 소개한다 . . 함수 1) 의 그래프 정의역 에서 함수 의 그래프는 Plot명령어로 나타낼 있다. 그 형식은 다음과 같다. 옵션들 Plot[f[x], {x, a, b}, ] 다음과 같은 예를 이용하여 그 사용법을 배워보자. 함수 의 그래프를 그리는 여러 가지 방법을 실습해 보자. 정의역이 의 그래프를 그려보자. Plot[x^2, {x, -2, 2}];

1분과-8일_고_mathmatica(김영미)

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  • Mathematica

    . ( ), p.3 p.109

    1. , , , , , . .

    1)

    Plot . .

    Plot[f[x], {x, a, b}, ]

    . .

    .

    Plot[x^2, {x, -2, 2}];

  • Plot Plot[ , { }] .

    Mathematica Plot .

    .

    Plot[x^2, {x, -2, 2}, PlotStyle -> RGBColor[1, 0, 0]];

    RGBColor Hue .

    RGBColor[r. g. b], Hue [h] , r, g, b, h 0 1 . RGBColor R Red, G Green, B Blue , RGBColor[1, 0, 0] .

    .

  • Plot[x^2, {x, -2, 2}, PlotStyle -> Thickness[0.01]];

    Thickness [a] a 0 1

    0.005 0.01 . a 1 . a . a 1 .

    .

    Plot[x^2, {x, -2, 2},

    PlotStyle -> {RGBColor[1, 0, 0], Thickness[0.01]}];

    .

  • 1, .

    Plot[x^2, {x, -2, 2},

    PlotStyle -> {RGBColor[1, 0, 0], Thickness[0.01]},

    Ticks -> {{-1, 1}, {2}}];

    Ticks

    .

    .

    Plot[x^2, {x, -2, 2},

    PlotStyle -> {RGBColor[1, 0, 0], Thickness[0.01]},

    Ticks -> {{-1, 1}, {2}},

    AxesStyle -> {RGBColor[0, 1, 0], Thickness[0.007]}];

  • (1) Axes Style Style .

    (2) .

    (PlotLabel) .

    Plot[x^2, {x, -2, 2},

    PlotStyle -> {RGBColor[1, 0, 0], Thickness[0.01]},

    Ticks -> {{-1, 1}, {2}},

    AxesStyle -> {RGBColor[0, 1, 0], Thickness[0.007]},

    PlotLabel -> "y=x^2 "];

    (PlotLabel) ( , ).

  • Plot[x^2, {x, -2, 2},

    PlotStyle -> {RGBColor[1, 0, 0], Thickness[0.01]},

    Ticks -> {{-1, 1}, {2}},

    AxesStyle -> {RGBColor[0, 1, 0], Thickness[0.007]},

    PlotLabel -> StyleForm["y=x^2" , FontSize -> 15,

    FontWeight -> "Bold"]];

    Fontsize , Plain Bold , Thin, Light, Medium, SemiBold, Heavy, Black, Fat

    .

    PlotLabel .

    Plot[x^2, {x, -2, 2},

    PlotStyle -> {RGBColor[1, 0, 0], Thickness[0.01]},

    Ticks -> {{-1, 1}, {2}},

    AxesStyle -> {RGBColor[0, 1, 0], Thickness[0.007]},

    Epilog -> Text["y=x^2 ", {1, 1}]];

  • Text Prolog Epilog . Prolog

    Epilog . Text Text[" ", {a, b}] . " " Text ,

    . {a, b} Text . {a, b} Text .

    Text Style .

    Plot[x^2, {x, -2, 2},

    PlotStyle -> {RGBColor[1, 0, 0], Thickness[0.01]},

    Ticks -> {{-1, 1}, {2}},

    AxesStyle -> {RGBColor[0, 1, 0], Thickness[0.007]},

    Epilog -> Text[StyleForm["y=x^2 ",

    FontSize -> 15, FontWeight -> "Bold",

    FontColor->RGBColor[1, 0, 0]], {1, 1}]];

  • Text Style Text[StyleForm [ Style "], {a, b}]

    . Text FontColor ->RGBColor[1, 0, 0] .

    Text .

    Plot[x^2, {x, -2, 2},

    PlotStyle -> {RGBColor[1, 0, 0], Thickness[0.01]},

    Ticks -> {{-1, 1}, {2}},

    AxesStyle -> {RGBColor[0, 1, 0], Thickness[0.007]},

    Epilog->{Text[StyleForm["y=x^2 ",

    FontSize -> 15, FontWeight -> "Bold",

    FontColor -> RGBColor[1, 0, 0]], {1, 1}],

    Text[StyleForm[" .",

    FontSize -> 15, FontWeight -> "Bold",

    FontColor->RGBColor[0, 0, 1]], {1, 3}]}];

  • Text Epilog { , }.

    2) , x=f(t), y=g(t) ParametricPlot . .

    ParametricPlot[{f(t), g(t)},{t, a, b}, ]

    , ParametricPlot . .

    ParametricPlot[{f[t], g[t]}, {t, a, b}, ]

    .

    ( , ) .

    1 .

    ParametricPlot[{Cos[t], Sin[t]}, {t, 0, 2Pi}];

    {t, 0, 2Pi} Pi .

  • style .ParametricPlot[{Cos[t], Sin[t]}, {t, 0, 2Pi},

    PlotStyle -> {Thickness[0.01], RGBColor[1, 0, 0]}];

    . ParametricPlot

    . .

    , .

    ParametricPlot[{Cos[t], Sin[t]}, {t, 0, 2Pi},

    PlotStyle -> {Thickness[0.01], RGBColor[1, 0, 0]},

    AspectRatio -> Automatic];

  • .ParametricPlot[{Cos[t], Sin[t]}, {t, 0, 2Pi},

    PlotStyle -> {Thickness[0.01], RGBColor[1, 0, 0]},

    AspectRatio -> Automatic, ImageSize -> 200];

    ImageSize a a .

    .

    ParametricPlot[{Cos[t], Sin[t]}, {t, 0, 2Pi},

    PlotStyle -> {Thickness[0.01], RGBColor[1, 0, 0]},

    AspectRatio -> Automatic, ImageSize -> 200,

    Epilog -> Text[StyleForm[" ", FontSize -> 15,

    FontColor -> RGBColor[0, 0, 1],

    FontWeight -> "Bold"], {0.5, 0.5}]];

  • Plot Epilog . StyleForm

    .

    , .

    ParametricPlot[{Cos[t], Sin[t]}, {t, 0, 2Pi},

    PlotStyle -> {Thickness[0.01], RGBColor[1, 0, 0]},

    AspectRatio -> Automatic, ImageSize -> 300,

    Epilog -> Text[StyleForm[" ", FontSize -> 15,

    FontColor -> RGBColor[0, 0, 1],

    FontWeight -> "Bold"], {0.5, 0.5}],

    PlotRange -> {{-2, 2}, {-2, 2}}];

    .

  • ParametricPlot[{Cos[t], Sin[t]}, {t, 0, 2Pi},

    PlotStyle -> {Thickness[0.01], RGBColor[1, 0, 0]},

    AspectRatio -> Automatic, ImageSize -> 300,

    Epilog -> Text[StyleForm[" ", FontSize -> 15,

    FontColor -> RGBColor[0, 0, 1],

    FontWeight -> "Bold"], {0.5, 0.5}],

    PlotRange -> {{-2, 2}, {-2, 2}},

    Ticks -> {{-1.5, 1.5}, {-1.5, 1.5}}];

  • . Mathematica ( ) ( ,

    , data ) Text (HWP ) Mathematica . .

    1. text Directory a: (1.gif ) Text

    ,.

    a: .

    (* Directory *)

    (* Directory *)

  • (* aaa Text *)

    (*Text *)

    2. text Directory a: 2.wav Text ,

    .

    3. (.nb) (.hwp) . (1) Mathematica .

  • (2) Edit-Copy As-Plain Text

    .

    (3) . Edit-Save Selection As-Windows Metafile(wmf) 1.wmf .

    < > 1.wmf

  • . . Edit-Copy As- . , Save Selection As Copy As .

    4. Mathematica nb Kim.nb . a: 1.nb kim.nb .

    (1) (Prompt line) " . ,Format-Show Toolbar ( )

    .

    (2) Block .

    (3)Input-Create Hyperlink . Other notebook or URL Browse A:\1.nb .

    (4) OK Button .

  • (5) kim.nb [ ] 1.nb .

    5. Mathematica (.nb) Homepage (1) nb File-Save As special-HTML .

    (2) 1.html .

    (3) 1.html Image Link , Mathematica .

  • III. Help , Mathematica

    1. Help (1) Help Browser

    (2) Find Selected Function .

    (3) Master Index .

    (4) Built-in Funtions (2) .

    (5) Mathematica Book virsion4.0 Mathematica .

    (6) Getting Started/Dmos Mathematica Gallery .

    (7) Add-On Package .

    (8) Registraion... Mathematica .

  • (9) About Mathematica Mathematica Website .

    2. Help

    , .(1) Mathematica .

  • . Mathematica . . Mathematica . < + > . .

    Solve[eqns, vars] attempts to solve an equation or set ofequations for the variables vars. Solve[eqns, vars, elims]attempts to solve the equations for vars, eliminating thevariables elims.

    , ] . , , .

    (2) . . ? (*) . . .

    Solution Of Solve SolveAlways SolveDelayed

    , . .

    (3) . , (Options) .

  • Solve[eqns, vars] attempts to solve an equation or set ofequations for the variables vars. Solve[eqns, vars, elims]attempts to solve the equations for vars, eliminating thevariables elims.

    Attributes[Solve] = ProtectedOptions[Solve] = {InverseFunctions->Automatic,MakeRules->False,

    Method->3, Mode->Generic,Sort->True, VerifySolutions->Automatic,WorkingPrecision->Infinity}

    , (Protected) (1) ,

    .

    (4) (1) (3) Mathematica

  • Mathematica , Help Help Browser .

    , Help Help Browser mouse click Help go to Box , go to Box 6 Built-in Functions enter ( ). go to

    Box , .

  • , Help go to Box solve Solve enter

    Solve , , Solve click Solve

    . ( )

    scroll bar Further Examples click . Help Browser + , .

    3.

    PolorPlot . PolorPlot .

  • .

    .PolarPlot[Sin[3t], {t, 0, Pi},

    PlotStyle -> {Thickness[0.01], Hue[0]}];

    .PolarPlot[Sin[3t], {t, 0, Pi},

  • PlotStyle -> {Thickness[0.01], Hue[0]},

    PlotRange -> {{-1, 1}, {-1, 1}}];

    , .PolarPlot[Sin[3t], {t, 0, Pi},

    PlotStyle -> {Thickness[0.01], Hue[0]},

    PlotRange -> {{-1, 1}, {-1, 1}},

    Ticks -> {{-1, 1}, {-1, 1}}]

  • Do .

    Do[PolarPlot[Sin[3t], {t, 0, k},

    PlotStyle -> {Thickness[0.01], Hue[0]},

    PlotRange -> {{-1, 1}, {-1, 1}},

    Ticks -> {{-1, 1}, {-1, 1}}], {k, Pi/12, Pi, Pi/12}]

    Do Do[ , ] , .

  • 4. Palettes Mathematica

    Palettes .

    1) Palettes

    (1) AlgebraicManipulation (2) BasicCaculations

    (3) Basic Input (4) Basic Typesetting

  • (5) CompleteCharacters (6) InternatinalCharacters

    (7) NotebookLauncher

    [ , ( )] . ,

    .

    . 2 File Palettes 3.

    Basic Input mouseclick

  • . , (Tab) mouse .

    2). File-Palettes-Basic Input

    3) File-Palettes-Basic Calcul -ations .

    File-Palettes-2.Basic Calulations Arithmetic and Numbers

    .

    4). File-Palettes-Basic CalculationsLists and Matrices

    .

  • 5) File-Palettes-2. Basic Calculations-trigonometric and Exponential Function Trigonometric( ) Exponential and

    Logarithmic( ) .

    6). File-Palettes-Basic Calculations -Calculus-Common Operations , , , .

    7). File-Palettes-Basic Calculations-Algebra- Polynomial Manipulation ,

    , .

    8) File-Palettes-Basic Calculations -Calculus -Solving Equation .

  • V. Mathmatica - I1.

    . ImplicitPlot . ImplicitPlot .

  • 1:1 .

    Style .

    ImplicitPlot[x^2 + y^2 == 1, {x, -1, 1},

    PlotStyle -> {Thickness[0.01], RGBColor[1, 0, 0]},

    PlotRange -> {{-2, 2}, {-2, 2}}];

    Style .

    ImplicitPlot[x^2 + y^2 == 1, {x, -1, 1},

    PlotStyle -> {Thickness[0.01], RGBColor[1, 0, 0]},

    PlotRange -> {{-2, 2}, {-2, 2}},

    Ticks -> {{-1, 1}, {-1, 1}},

    AxesStyle -> {Thickness[0.01], RGBColor[0, 0, 1]}];

  • 2). .

    (0,0), 2 (2,0),

    =-2 .

  • {{Thickness[0.01], RGBColor[1, 0, 0]},

    {Thickness[0.01], RGBColor[0, 1, 0]}},

    PlotRange -> {{-4, 4}, {-4, 4}}];

  • .

    ImplicitPlot[{x^2 + y^2 == 4, y^2 == 8x}, {x, -3, 3},

    PlotStyle -> {{Thickness[0.01], RGBColor[1, 0, 0]},

    {Thickness[0.01], RGBColor[0, 1, 0]}},

    PlotRange -> {{-4, 4}, {-4, 4}},

    Ticks -> {{-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3}, {-2, 2}}];

  • 2.

    , (Point), (Line), (Polygon), (Circle), (Disk) . .

    Show[Graphics[ , ]]

    . 1) . (0, 0) 1 .

    Show[Graphics[Circle[{0, 0}, 1]]];

    (1) Show [ ] .

    (2) . AspectRatio->1( Automatic) .

    (3) Circle [{a, b}, r] , (a, b) r.

    (0, 0) 1 (Disk ) .

    Show[Graphics[Disk[{0, 0}, 1]], AspectRatio -> 1];

  • (Disk) Disk [{a, b}, r] . .

    Show[Graphics[{RGBColor[1, 0, 0], Circle[{0, 0}, 1], RGBColor[0, 0, 1],

    Disk[{1, 1}, 1]}], AspectRatio -> 1];

    { 1, , 2, } . 1

    2 .

  • .

    Show[Graphics[{RGBColor[1, 0, 0], Circle[{0, 0}, 1, {-Pi/2, Pi}],

    RGBColor[0, 0, 1], Disk[{1, 1}, 1, {0, Pi}]}],

    AspectRatio -> 1];

    .Circle[{a, b}, r, {c, d}] (a, b), r c d

    . , Circle[{0, 0}, 1, {-Pi/2, Pi}] (0, 0), 1

    .

    .

    Show[Graphics[{RGBColor[1, 0, 0], Polygon[{{0, 0}, {1, 1}, {-1, 1}}]}],

    AspectRatio -> 1];

  • Polygon [{{a, b}, {c, d}, {e, f}}] . (a, b)

    (c, d), (e, f) . .

    .

    Show[Graphics[{RGBColor[1, 0, 0], Polygon[{{0, 0}, {1, 1}, {-1, 1}}],

    RGBColor[0, 0, 1], Rectangle[{1, 1}, {2, 2}]}],

    AspectRatio -> 1];

  • Rectangle [{{a,b},{c,d}}] . (a,b) (c,d)

    .

    .

    Show[Graphics[{RGBColor[1, 0, 0], Polygon[{{0, 0}, {1, 1}, {-1, 1}}],

    RGBColor[0, 0, 1], Rectangle[{1, 1}, {2, 2}],

    PointSize[0.05], RGBColor[0, 1, 0], Point[{0, 1.5}]}],

    AspectRatio -> 1];

  • V. Mathmatica - II x

    .

    1) .

    Plot[1/3(x^3 - 6 x^2 + 9 x), {x, 1, 4};

    1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1

    1.2

    2) .Plot[1/3(x^3 - 6 x^2 + 9 x), {x, 1, 4},

    PlotStyle -> {Hue[0.6], Thickness[0.012]};

    1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1

    1.2

  • 3) .g =ParametricPlot3D[

    {t, 1/3(t^3 - 6 t^2 + 9 t) Cos[u], 1/3(t^3 - 6 t^2 + 9 t)Sin[u]},

    {t, 1, 4}, {u, 0, 2 Pi}, Boxed -> False, Axes -> False,

    PlotPoints -> Automatict,

    PlotRange -> {{1, 4}, {-1.5, 1.5}, {-1.7, 1.7}}];

    4) ViewPoint .

  • 5) .

    6) .

  • 1 2 3 4

    -101

    1 2 3 4

    7) x .

    1 2 3 4

    -101

    1 2 3 4

  • 8) ViewPoint .

  • VI. Mathmatica

    Mathematica ( / ) , Mathematica , ..

    1. 1) Format-ShowToolbar .

    2) Mathematica (prompt line) .

    Default . Title . , Input

  • , Title , / Mathematica . ( ) .

    3) (Prompt line) . , . ( ) .

    4) , . , .

    5) ,

  • + .

    6) , ,.

    7) . 8) , Format-Style Sheet .

    9) 5) Default 7. Demo Text 9. HTML . Presentation Default . Demo Text .

  • 10) (Font), (Face), (Size) (Text Color) . Subtitle Format Font, Face, Size, Text Color , Bold, 20, Blue

    , Title Block , Format Font, Face, Size, Text Color Arial,

    Italic, 30, Red . .

    11) Mathematica , Kernel-Delete All Output . File-Save as ,

    . .nb(nb:notebook) .

    12) , File-Open .nb [ ] . , .nb Kernel-Evaluation -Evaluate Notebook.

  • 13). (Prompt line) .

    14). .nb File -Save , 1.nb File-Save

    As 1 .

    2. 12 . 12 , 12 Mathematica.

    1) , 220hz-40000hz . .

    (1)Play

    [Sin[ 400x]

    , {x, 0, 1}

    ]; , .

    . , { } 1.

    (2) wave . , wave . wave . .Play[Sin[1500x] , {x, 0, 1}];

  • Play[Tan[1500x], {x, 0, 1}];

    (3) cosine sine .Play[Sin[1500x] , {x, 0, 1}];

    Play[Cos[1500x] , {x, 0, 1}];

    (4) sine . .

    , .

    2)

  • 12 7 12 , . , 1 .

    (1) sine, cosine .

    sine , ,

    cos , ,

    exp ?

  • 3) ? " " " " .

    (1)Play[Sin[1000 x 2^(0/12)]^2 , {x, 0, 2}];

    (2) exp(x) (0

  • /ColorImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorImageDict > /AntiAliasGrayImages false /DownsampleGrayImages true /GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /GrayImageResolution 300 /GrayImageDepth -1 /GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeGrayImages true /GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterGrayImages true /GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict > /GrayImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayImageDict > /AntiAliasMonoImages false /DownsampleMonoImages true /MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /MonoImageResolution 1200 /MonoImageDepth -1 /MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeMonoImages true /MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode /MonoImageDict > /AllowPSXObjects false /PDFX1aCheck false /PDFX3Check false /PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false /PDFXNoTrimBoxError true /PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true /PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfile () /PDFXOutputCondition () /PDFXRegistryName (http://www.color.org) /PDFXTrapped /Unknown

    /Description >>> setdistillerparams> setpagedevice