불교학리뷰_권10

Critical Review for Buddhist Studies

(ISSN 1975-2660) , , , . .

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( : 320-931) 14-9

www.gcbs.geumgang.ac.kr 041-731-3614 041-731-3629

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(Critical Review for Buddhist Studies)10(2011. 12) 9p~33p

- ()

_ ( )

. . . . (muktaja) , (amuktaja) .

10 vol.10

. , () () . , . , () . .

: , , , ,

1.

(David Seyfort Ruegg) 1969 La Thorie du Tathgatagarbha et du Gotra , . , . . .

.

- () 11

, . , . . 1) . .

, . , . 2) . .

() . . , . ,

1) (2011), p.14.2) Ruegg(1969).

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Bu ston rin po che .3)

. , . , . .

2. (itaretarayat)

() . . 4) . .5) (itaretarayat) . .

itaretaranyat punar mahmate katam yad uta yady atra nsti tat

3) Ruegg(1973), pp.122-128.4) Ruegg(1969), p.314.5) Ibid., pp.314-328.

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tena nyam ity ucyate/ tad yath mahmate rglamtu (?) prsde hastigavaiakdy na santi/ anya ca bhikubhir iti bhita may sa ca tai nya ity ucyate/ na ca punar mahmate prsda prsdabhvato nsti bhikava ca bhikubhvato na santi/ na ca te nyatra hasti-gavaiakdy bhv nvatihante/ ida mahmate svasmnyalakaa sarvadharmm itaretara tu na savidyate/ tenocyate itaretara-nyateti/...e ca mahmate itaretaranyat sarvajaghany s ca tvay parivarjayitavy//6)

, (itaretaranyat, gcig gis gcig stong pa nyid) ? () . , , (?: mrgramtr, ri dvags dzin gyi mai khang pa) , , () (dge slong dang/ dge slong ma la sogs pas ni stong pa nyid ma yin no) ; (, , ) () . , (khang pa yang khangi dngos po med pa ma yin), .(dge slong gi ngo bor med pa ma yin te); , , .(gud na mi khod paang ma yin no) , . , [ ] , .

6) LAS(2. p.75). Ruegg(1969), p.321 .

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(A) (B) (C), A B () C () . , , . , , , . , , , .

. . . . , .

.

tata ucyate/ nyas tathgatagarbho vinirbhgair muktajai sarvakleakoai/ aunyo gagnadvlikvyativrttair avinirbhgair amuktajair acintair buddhadharmair iti//7)

. 8) , , ,

7) RGVV1.155. Ruegg(1969) (2011) .8) muktaja . .

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(buddhadharma) ().

. , .

, . , . . . , .

, ( ) . , . . , .

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() . . (gagnadvlikvyativrtta), (avinirbhga), () (amuktaja), (acinta). . ( ()) . .

. .

bcom ldan das/ de bzhin gshegs pai snying po nyon mongs pa thams cad kyi sbubs dang tha dad du gnas pa ma grol bas shes pa rnams kyis stong pa dang/ bcom ldan das de bzhin gshegs pai snying po sang rgyas kyi chos tha dad du mi gnas shing/ grol bas shes pa bsam gyis mi khyab pa gang gai klung gi bye ma las das pa snyed dag gis mi stong pa lags so//9)( - ), , (amuktaja) . , , (muktaja), , .

grol bas sheg pa( ) , muktaja

9) MDSSp.P.278b2-b6.

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amuktaja . , () . .

(MDSSg): 10)( - )

(, MDSSb): 11)

( - )

, . muktaja () . (a)muktaja .12) .

, . .

na khalu bhagavan dharmavino dukhanirodha/ dukhanirodha

10) MDSSg.T.12.353.221c13-c18.11) MDSSb.T.11.310.677a19-25.12) Ruegg(1969), p.359.

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nmn bhagavann andikliko krto jto nutpanno kaya kaypagato13) nityo dhruva iva vata prakrtipariuddha sarvakleakoavinirmukto gagvlikvyativrttair avinirbhgair acintyair buddhadharmai samanvgatas tathgatadharmakyo deita/ ayam eva ca bhagavas tathgatadharmakyo vinirmuktakleakoas tathgatagarbha scyate//14)( - )! . ! , , , , , , , , , , , , , . ! .15)

13) . kaypagata kaypagato.14) RGVV1.12; Ruegg(1969), p.358.15) RGVVd.D.80b581a1. ji skad du/ bcom ldan das chos jig pa ni sdug bsngal gog pa

ma lags so// bcom ldad das sdug sngal gog pa zhes byi ba ni/ thog ma med pai dus can/ ma byas pa/ ma skyes pa/ ma byung ba/ zad pa med pa/ zad pa dang dang bral ba/ rtag pa/ brtan pa/ zhi ba/ mi jig pa/ rang bzhin gyis yong su dag pa/ nyon mongs pai sbubs thams cad las grol ba/ rnam par dbyer med pa/ bsam gyis mi khyab pai sangs rygas kyi chos gang gai klung gi bye ma das pa dang ldan pa de bzhin gshegs pai chos kyi skur bstan pa ste/ bcom ldan das de bzhin gshegs pai chos kyi sku di nyid nyon mongs pai sbubs las ma grol ba ni de bzhin gshegs pai snying po zhes byio zhes gsungs pa bzhin te/ thams cad rgyas par ni mdo ji lta ba bzhin sdug bsngal gog pai bden pa rnam par gzhag pa rtogs par byao//( -. .)T.31.1611.824a18-a22.

(-.

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. muktaja .

bcom ldan das de bzhin gshegs pai chos kyi sku thog ma ma mchis pai dus nas mchis pa/ ma bgyis pa/ ma skyes pa/ mi bas pa/ bas pa ma mchis pa/ rtag pa/ brtan pa/ rang bzhin gyis yongs su dag pa/ nyon mongs pa thams cad kyi sbubs nas nges bar grol ba/ sang rgyas kyi chos tha dad du mi gnas pa/ grol bar shes pa bsam gyis mi khyab pa gagi klung gi bye ma las das pa snyed dang ldan pa ni sdug bsngal gog pai ming gis bstan pai slad du ste/ bcom ldan das de nyid la de bzhin gshegs pai snying po chos kyi sku nyon mongs pai sbubs nas nges par ma(?) grol ba zhes bgyio//16)( , )

.)16) MDSSp.P.278a7-278b2. (bcom ldan das de nyid la de

bzhin gshegs pai snying po chos kyi sku nyon mongs pai sbubs nas nges par grol ba zhes bgyio) nges par grol ba nges par grol ba . , . .MDSSg.T.12.353.221c07-c11. MDSSb.T.11.310.677a15-a19. [-+]

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. , . , . . . .

. , . () . , , () .

. (, nirjata) 17), , . , , .

17) Ruegg(1969), pp.350-351.

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.18) . . . (acinta) .

. . .

. , . , (adhivacana) , (, paramrtha), (, sattvadhtu), (, tathgatagarbha), (, dharmakya) . , .19)

(amuktaja) . (amuktaja).

18) Ibid., pp.351-357.19) Ibid., pp.360-361.

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, amuktaja . (ontological) (gnoseological) . .

.

tathgatagarbho lokottaragarbha prakrtipariuddhagarbha...tasmd bhagavas tathgatagarbho niraya dhra pratih sambaddhnm avinirbhgnm amuktajnnm asaskrtnm dharmm/ asambad-dhnm api bhagavan vinirbhgadharm muktajnn saskrtn dharmm niraya dhra pratih tathgatagarbha/ , . , [ ] , , (asaskrtnm dharmm) , (), . , [ ] , , , .([] - )

(garbha) , .

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.20) . . . , .

3.

, .

() . (gzhan stong) .21) . , . .

. , (pramit) .

20) Ibid., p.358.21) Ibid., p.362.

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. .

(nitya), (dhruva), (, iva) (vata). .

acintya nitya ca dhruvam atha iva vatam athapranta ca vypi vyapagatavikalpa gaganavat/asakta sarvatrpratighaparuasparavigatana drya na grhya ubham api ca buddhatvam amalam//22)

(iva) . , , . , , ().

.

na jyate na mriyate bdhyate no na jryate/sa nityatvd dhruvatvc ca ivatvc chvatatvata//na jyate sa nityatvd tmabhvair manomayai/acintyaparimena dhruvatvn mrityate na sa//vsanvydhibhi skmair bdhyate na ivatvata/ansravbhisaskrai vatatvn na jryate//23)

22) RGV2.29; Ruegg(1969), p.362.23) RGV1.80-82.

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[dhtu] , . . , . . .

24) 25) . , 26) .27) - (nitya), (sukha), (tman), (ubha) - . , .

.28)

caturdhvaraa dharmapratigho py tmadaranam/ sasradukha bhrutva sattvrtha nirapekat// icchantikn trthyn rvak svayabhuvm/ adhimuktydayo dharm catvra uddhihetava//4 : , [] ,

24) RGV1.83.25) RGV1.65.26) .27) Ruegg(1969), p.364.28) RGV1.32-33.

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, [] (icchantika), , [.] .

, , , . (, , , ) .

. - (ubha), (tman), (sukha), (nitya) - . . (tman) , .

.

phalam e samsena dharmakye viparyayt/caturvidhaviparysapratipakaprabhvitam// [ ] , (change of value) .29)

29) RGV1.36; Ruegg(1969), p.364.

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. , , , 30) . , , , .

. , . . .31) (sthito sthnayogena) .32)

, . . , . . .

30) RGVV1.36. anitye nityasajina/ dukhe sukhasajina/ antmany tmasajina/ aubhe ubhasajina

31) RGVV1.36; Ruegg(1969), pp.366367.32) Ruegg(1969), pp.366367.

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4.

. A B , A ()(), B ()() . . , . .

. , . (muktaja) . (amuktaja) . , . .

, .

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() , . , .

, (tman) - (ubha), (tman), (sukha), (nitya) - . . , . , . . . .

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LAS: , Lakvatrastra.RGV: , Ratnagotravibhga Mahynottaratantrastra.RGVV: , Ratnagotravibhga Mahynottaratantrastra

Vykhy.RGVVd: (sDe dge )MDSSp: (rmladevsihandastra) (

)MDSSg: .MDSSb: .

. (2011). . (

)RGVVd. D. mDo grel. phi. 74b1-129a7.MDSSp. P. dKon brtsegs. i. 257b1-285a7.MDSSb. . T.310.11.672c13-678c4.MDSSg. . T.353.12.217a3-0223b15.

Ruegg, David Seyfort (1969). La Thorie du Tathgatagarbha et du

Gotra. Paris: cole Franaise dExtrme-orient.

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Ruegg, David Seyfort (1973). Le Trait du Tathgatagarbha de Bu Ston Rin Chen Grub. Paris: cole Franaise dExtrme-orient.

Ruegg, David Seyfort (1989). Buddha-nature, Mind and the Problem of Gradualism in a Comparative Perspective - On the Transmission and Rception of Buddhism in India and Tibet. London: School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS).

(2003). - -. 18. pp.103-129.

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Abstract

D. S. Rueggs analysis of RGVV- emphasis on non-duality

Choi, Seongho

Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Philosophy, SNU.

This article reconstructs D. S. Rueggs analysis of Ratnagotravibhga Mahynottaratantrastra Vykhy (RGVV). It focuses on the analysis of difference between RGVV and rmladevsihandastra (MDSS). RGVV frequently cites passages of MDSS, but the citations are little different from original text of MDSS. The most evident difference is epithets to buddhadharma of dharmakya. While Tibetan MDSS explains that dharmakya entails the knowledge of nirva (muktaja), RGVV says that dharmakya entails the recognition of nonduality (amuktaja). Ruegg argues that this difference originates from different hermeneutical traditions.

RGVV stands on a hermenuetical tradition which interprets unyat as based on prajpramit sutra. This tradition emphasizes that dharmakya, which is separated from all suffering, is not different with tathgatagarbha which is not yet separated from all suffering. This is because sufferings are

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not something to eliminate but by nature nonexistent.

As RGVV stands on this tradition, the absolute which RGVV describes

are different from tman which Vednta explains, although RGVV describes the absolute in exactly same way as Vednta. For example, although RGVV describes that tathgatagarbha has tman, this tman actually means antman. That is, RGVVs aim is to explain tman does not exist in the nature so there are no difference between epithets of tman and antman.

Key Words : D. S. Ruegg, tathgatagarbha, dharmakya, RGVV, MSS

2011 12 19 2011 12 26 2011 12 28

2007 () (KRF-2007-361-AM0046).


- 6 (sadyatanaviesa) -

_ ( HK )

6 . 6 . .

36 vol.10

, , . 6 .

6 . 6 . , 5 .

6 6 6 6 . . 6 .

. , , . , , .

: , , 6 , ,

37

0

(gotra) , / . , .

6 . .

1 1) , ,2) . .

? . (praktistha)[ ]() (samudnta) [](). 3) 6

1) Schmithausen(1987: 14) . 2) Aramaki(2000: 59f.) .3) rang bzhin gyis gnas pa . ,

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(ayatanaviea). (an-diklika) (parampargata) (dharmatpratilabdha)4). (prvakualamlbhyst) (bja) (dhtu), (prakti) [.]5)

Matsumoto(1997: 206) . prktistha gotram the gotra located on prakti the gotra existing on prakti . dhtu-vda . Matsumoto Yamabe(1997a: 216f) .

4) (dharmat, ) . dharmat, (dharmadharmatvibhga), , (MAV 23,14-15) (ASBh 12,20f.) . , Yamabe(1997: 217, n.53) , Walpora Rahula(1974: 182-3) dhammat . (attano dhammatya) . dhammat . . . (, attano dhammatya) , . dhammat , , . dharmatpratilabdha . . dharmat . 4 .

5) (BoBh 3,1-4): tatra gotra katamat. samsato gotra dvividham. praktistha samudnta ca. tatra praktistha gotra yad bodhisattvn ayatanaviea. sa tda parampargato 'ndikliko dharmatpratilabdha. tatra samudnta gotra yat prvakualamlbhyst pratilabdham... tat punar gotra bjam ity apy ucyate dhtu praktir ity api.; (30, 478c12-18): ? : , . , . , , , , . , , , . , , , .

39

. (praktisthagotra) (samudntagotra) . 6 . 6 , . 6 6 . .

, , .6) , .

[](*praktisth dhtava) [ ] 18, (svasatna) . (*abhysaparipu dhtava) [] [] , [ ] (*sannivia) .

6) , , , . , (P Wi 2b3-4; D Dzi 2a3-4; (1998: 4,1-2)): gang la di lta ste/ rigs dang sa bon dang khams dang rang bzhin zhes bya bai ming gi rnam grangs di dag yod pa de ni rigs zhes byao/), (YBh 26,18-19: bjaparyy punar dhtur gotra praktir hetu satkya prapaca laya updna dukha satkyadyadhihnam asmimndhihna cety evambhgy paryy veditavy) (P Zi 82b6: khams kyi don gang zhe na/ smras pa/ khams kyi don no rgyui don dang sa bon gyi don dang rang bzhin gyi dong dang rigs kyi don dang cha phra bai don dang gzhii don to//) . (SAVBh P Mi 46b2: khams zhes kyang bya/ rigs zhes kyang bya/ sa bon zhes kyang bya ste/ rnam grangs su gtogs so//) .

40 vol.10

, [ ] , [ ] .7)

7) (P i 330a3-6; D Zi 288b1-3): de la rang bzhin gyis gnas pa ni ji ltar khams bco brgyad po di dag so sor nges par rgyud la yod pai sa bon no// de la goms pas yongs su brtas pai khams ni dge baam mi dge bai chos sngon gyi skye ba gzhan dag tu kun tu brten pa gang yin pa de dag yang dag par grub par bya bai phyir/ da lta sa bon yongs su brtas pa rten la gnas pa yin te/ des na de rkyen chung ngu tsam la yang dmigs nas des bkri zhing des gro bar gyur ro//; (846c16-20): , , , , . , , , , , , . , , . , , , ; (1987: 26-28) : *tatra praktisth dhtavo yathaite adaadhtava svasatnapatitni pratiniyatni bijni / tatrbhysaparipu dhtavo ye dharm kual vkual v prvam anyajtiv sevit te samudgya vartamnabjni paripuny sannivini / tasmt tny alpam api pratyayamtram lambya tena nyante tena cbhinirvartante //; (1990: 75, n.20) rten la gnas pa ritni satatni sanniviani .; Park(2007: 159, n.386) .; (*praktidhtu) (*vsandhtu) : (P Zi 93a2-4; D Shi 79b2-3) : rang bzhin gyi khams ni 'di lta ste/ khams bco brgyad po ji skad bstan pa de dag nyid thog ma med pa'i dus nas skye ba phyi ma phyi ma dag tu rab tu grub pa gang yin pa dang/ gang zag rigs la gnas pa dang/ rigs la gnas pa ma yin pa rnams kyi thog ma med pa'i dus nas yongs su mya ngan las 'da' ba dang/ yongs su mya ngan las 'da' ba ma yin pa'i chos nyid du rab tu grub pa gang yin pa'o// yongs su bsgoms pa'i khams ni 'di lta ste/ sngon dge ba dang mi dge ba yongs su bsgoms pa de dag nyid 'khor bar skye ba dang/ 'bri ba dang/ bye brag dang/ mya ngan las 'das pa thob pa'i rgyu nyid gang yin pa'o//( . 18 , . . (de dag nyid/*ta eva) [ ] [ ] , [ ] , .); (30, 610a9-14): , , , , . , , , , , .

41

18 . . . 4 (paripuam) [] (samudntam) [] .8) , .

, , .

? [] / (*rayaviea/rayasannivia)9), 6 (*a-yatanasaghta), (*dharmatpratilabdha), (*andiklika) (*parapargata). [] (gotra), (bja), (dhtu), (prakti) .10)

, , , , , ; (1987: 29), Park (2007: 160) .

8) (MSA 11,10-13): prakty paripua ca raya crita ca tat / ... etena caturvidha gotra darayati / praktistha samudntam rayasvabhvam ritasvabhva ca tad eva yathkrama /; Yamabe(1997: 196) .

9) lus las khyad par , *rayaviea , *rayasanivia . rayasanivia () , , (1982: 62) (1990: 75, n.20) .

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, . 6 / 6 . .

6 . , , 6(, *ayatanvasth/ayatanaviea)11) , , , 12)

. .

10) (P Wi 2a7-b4; D Dzi 2a1-4; (1998: 2,21-4,2)): o na rigs dei rang bzhin ji lta bu zhe na/ de ni lus las khyad par du gyur pa dang skye mched drug gis zin pa dang chos nyid kyis thob pa dang thog ma med pai dus nas brgyud de ongs pa de lta bu yin te/ gang la di lta ste/ rigs dang sa bon dang khams dang rang bzhin zhes bya bai ming gi rnam grangs di dag yod pa de ni rigs zhes byao/; (30, 395c22-25): : ? : , , , , , . , , , , , . .

11) , .12) (P Wi 2b7-8, D Dsi 2b2-3; (1998: 4,15-18)): sa bon de ni skye

mched drug po de dag las logs shig na tha dad pai mtshan nyid med de [/] thog ma med pai dus nas rgyud de ongs pa dang/ chos nyid kyis thob pai skye mched drug po de ltar gyur bai gnas skabs de la rigs dang/ sa bon dang/ khams dang/ rang bzhin zhes bya bai; (30, 396a6-9): , . , , , , , , .

43

, 6 6 [] . 6 .

(raya-viea)13) .

[ ] (rayaviea) . , [] , [ ] (par-vtta). (abjbhte raye klenm) .14)

(prpti) . , (prpti) , . (prpti) 15) . ,

13) lus las khyad par . (1994: 72f.) .

14) (AKBh 63,18-2): rayavied etat sidhyati / rayo hi sa ry daranabhvanmrgasmarthyt tath parvtto bhavati yath na punas tatprahey klen prarohasamartho bhavati / ato 'gnidagdhavrhivad abjbhte raye klen prahaklea ity ucyate /

15) (1989: 303f); Cox(1995: 79-105) .

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(rayo parvtto bhavati). raya, , .16) 18 ,17) 6 . 6 .18) , 6 , 6 .

, 6 , (*prvnudhtu) (*anudhtu) . 19) (rlta)20) . , , , .21) , , , .22)

16) Yamabe(1997: 198).17) (AKBh 11,26-12,1): evam rayritlambanaakavyavasthnd adaa

dhtavo bhavantti /18) Yamabe(1997: 198).19) (1980: 29), (1987); Park(2007: 163f).20) (1989: 57ff)

. Park(2007: 62) . 21) (1989: 250); Park(2007: 123).

45

(satnaparimaviea) .23) . / 6 .

. , 6 .24)

6 (vipkahetu) , .25) 6 6 . 6 .26)

22) Park(2007: 123).23) (1989: 250); Park(2007: 123).24) (29, 440b21f): , . , ,

; . (29, 440b29-c1): .; (1989: 253ff), Park(2007: 183f) .

25) (1980: 28) 6 , . ( 1980: 27 + 29), . .

26) , (29, 384c26, 385b5-6) ()(ayatanaviea) , (spara) , .

46 vol.10

6 , .

, , . , .27)

, (=6) , (prajaptisat). (samskta) . , .

, 6 . 6 , . , 6 6 .28)

2 6

27) (AKBh 6,1f): rpaabdagandharasaspraavyavijnnm rayabht ye paca rptmak prasds te yathkrama cakurotraghrajihvky veditavy /

28) Schmithausen(1987: 7f) 6 .

47

, . , .29) 6 30) 31), 32) , . 6 (Sgaramegha) , . 6 .

, 6 . (Khu)33)

29) Ruegg(1969: 88, n.2 + 101, n.1). 6 . , 6 (nmarpa) ((AKBh 63,4f.): ki punar ida bja nma / yan nmarpa phalotpattau samartha skt praparyea v /).

30) (2008: 300f.) . [ ] 6 (sangs rgyas kyi snod) .

31) (VGPV D Ri 32b)32) 45) .33) Ruegg(1969: 103, n.3) Khu ston brTson grus g-yung drung(1011-1075)

Khu ston Shes rab brtson grus(1075-1143) . Bre chen po . .

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.

(Khu) . 5 6 [] [] .34)

6 6 . 6 . 6 . . .

[ ] 6 [ .] 6 , . 6 . . .35)

,

34) (Gser phreng 334,16-17): khu na re dbang po lnga rigs su mi thad pai phyir skye mched drug pa yid kyi skye mched la byao zher ba la/

35) (42, 431a24-28): , , , , , , , . , . , , . , .

49

. , . 6 6 . 6 . 36) 6 .

: 6 6 . . [6 ] 6 . [6 ] [ ]. .37)

6 .38) , .39)

36) (42, 487b-19): , , . , , , , , . , . .

37) (42, 487b15-24): : , . , . , , . , , , , .

38) Ruegg(1069: 103, n.3) Poussin(1928: 104, n.1) Poussin . Poussin (43, 204b26-28: , . . , , , .) .

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. .

(Bre Shes rab bar)40) , 6 .

[] 5 [6 ] .41)

(Khu) 5 6 . , 5 . 6 . .

, 6 6 . 6 [6] . [6 ] , 6 .

39) (42, 487b28f): , .40) Ruegg(1969: 103, n.4) Bre shes rab bar rNgog blo ldan shes rab

. rNgog Sajjana .

41) (Gser phreng 334,17-18): bres sems tsam pai lugs kyis dbang po lnga yang sems kyi snang ba tsam yin pas sor bzhag pas chog par chad do//; Ruegg(1969: 103), Sparham(2008: 370) .

51

.42)

6 . 6 . , 6 . .

6 . (kha cig) .

, [ ] (dharmatpratilabdha) , 6 [] [] [ .]43)

6 6 6 , 6 .

42) (42, 487b25-27): : , . . , , . , . , . , .

43) (Gser phreng 334,19-20: kha cig ni phyii skye mched drug pa chos kyi skye mched kyi khyad par ram nang tshan de bzhin nyid yin te/ chos nyid kyis thob pa zhes pas so zhes zher ro//; Ruegg(1969: 103), Sparham(2008: 370) .

52 vol.10

(dharmatpratilabdha)44) . , , . .45) 6 6 . 3 .

6 .46)

44) . 6 .

45) (MAV 55,19-56,6): gotrasya ca viuddhyartha tasya nyat praktinyat / atraiva kraam ha - gotra hi praktir iti / kuta etat / ata ha - svbhvikatvd iti / svbhvikam andiklikam angantukam ity artha / yathndisasre kicic cetana kicid acetanam evam ihpi kicit ayatana buddhagotra kicic chrvakdigotram iti / na ckasmikatva gotrasya andi-parampargatatvt cetancetanavieavad iti / sarvasattvasya tathgatagotratvd atra gotram iti tathat* jeyam ity anye /( //19a// . [] . . ? [ ] [] . [] . [ ] . , 6 [6] . [] . [] [ ], )* Yamabe(1997: 445, n.29) Yamaguchi tathtva tathat .

53

? , (rya-vimuktisena) .

[ 1-5cd47)] , [] , (praktistha gotra) [] (pratipattydhra=gotra) .48)

() . 6 , . [] [ , ] [ ]. (praktistha-gotra) (prakti) . [ ] [], [ ] [ ] . [ ] ? [ ] (dharmat= dharmadhtu)

46) 6 . , . (42, 487c8-26): : , , , , .; . (1990: 85) , . .

47) (AA 17,9): dhra pratipatte ca dharmadhtusvabhvaka //5//; Yamabe (1997: 202, n.49) .

48) (AAV 76,17-18): tad anena dharmadhtur evrya-dharmnm hetutvt praktistha gotra pratipatty-dhra ity upadarayati /; Yamabe(1997: 202, n.52) .

54 vol.10

, . () [ ] (prajaptika), [ ] (lkaika). [ ] .49)

. 6 . . . (prajaptika) . 6 (dravyasat) , .

,50) .

49) (AAV, 76,24-77,4): ayatana-vieo gotra tac ca* dvi-vidham: pratyaya-samudnta, prakty-avasthita cety apare / tai praktistha-gotre prakty-abhidhnasyrtho vcya / kraa-paryya cet tad api pratyaya-samudntam / iti ko rtha**-viea / dharmat-paryye punar ea doo nsti / prajpatika v tem gotram, ida tu lkanikam / iti*** na tenda sagaccate /; Yamabe(1997: 202, n.50 + n.52) .* AAV: tad; Lee() . ** AAV: kim artha-; Lee() . *** AAV: ato; Lee() .

50) (1986)

55

.

[] , [] , [ ] ?

[] [] [ ] . [ ] ?51)

, . . (1997: 201f.) 3 . .52)

51) nanu ca dharmadhator gotratve* sarvo gotrasthah prapnoti, tasya samanyavartitvat. yatha calambyamana aryadharmanam hetur bhavati, tatha gotram ucyata** iti kim atratiprasangam mrgayati / * Yamabe(1997: 202, n.52), Lee() gotratvam gotratve .** Yamabe(1997: 202, n.52) . Yamabe(1997: 202 + n.52) .

52) (*tathatlambanapratyayabja) . (1990: 80ff. 83) [] (=) .

56 vol.10

3 , . 6 . 6 .

. ?

[] , . //86// [ ] [] []

. [] [ ] 6 (ayatanaviea). (andiklika) (tdara) (parampargata) (dharmatpratilabdha) .53)

(dharmakya), (tathgata), (paramrthasatya) (nirodha) .

53) (RGV 55,10-17): samsato 'nsrave dhtau tathgata-garbhe caturo 'rthn adhiktya catvro nmaparyy veditavy / catvro 'rth katame / buddhadhar-mvinirbhgas tadgotrasya tathgama / ammoadharmitvam dipraktintat //86// ... tadgotrasya prakter acintyaprakra-samudgamrtha / yam adhiktyoktam / a-yatana-viea sa tda parapargato 'andikliko dharmatpratilabdha iti /; (2011: 317) .

57

. 86b (tathgata) tadgotrasya tathgama . tad- . tad- . , , , 54) , tad- . gotrasya prakter . acintyaprakra-samudgama tathgama . tathgama (tathgata) [] .55) (tath) (acintyaprakra) , (gama) (samudgama) . tathgama . 56) .

54) (RGV 26,7-9): samsatas trividhenrthena sad sarvasattvs tathgatagarbh ity ukta bhagavat / yad uta sarvasattveu tathgatadharmakyaparisphararthena tathgatatathatvyatibhedrthena tathgatagotrasabhavrthena* ca /; *Schmithausen(1971: 141) sabhvrthena sadbhavrthena .

55) ( 1967: 109) gama thob pa , samudgama thob pa . (1989: 96f.) , . gama .

58 vol.10

(tda param-pargato) (tathgata) . , 6 .

, , . .

, [] .[ ] [ ] [

]. //149// . [] (=), []

[( ) . //150// . (3)

(tathgatadhtu). .57)

56) (*ayatanastra/ aindriyaristra) . . (1989: 301, n.2)

57) (RGV RGV 71,18-72,2): gotra tad dvi-vidha jeya nidhna-phala-vkavat / andi-praktistha ca samudntam uttaram //149// buddha-kya-trayvptir asmd gotra-dvayn mat / prathamt prathama kyo dvityd dvau tu pacimau //150// tri-vidha-buddha-kya-prabhvitatva hi tathgatatvam/ atas tat-prptaye hetus tathgata-dhtur iti/ hetvartho 'tra dhtur artha/

59

3 . . , (tathgatadhtu) . , , . 6 . . 6 . , .

.

. . . .58)

58) Yamabe(1997: 199) , (RGV 8,11-12 + 99,15-16) . .

60 vol.10

,59) . (gotra) I-27 ,60) . (1987, 1997, 1997a) , - . - .

, , . 3 , .61)

, , .

59) Schmithausen(1971: 123-130) (rayaparivtti), (trikya), (vimuktikya), , , (yathvadbhvikat), (yvadbhvikat) . . . (2011: 26f.) .

60) (RGV 26,3): bauddhe gotre tatphalasyopacrd ukt sarve dehino buddhagarbh //27//; Takasaki(1966: 19ff), (1989: 389ff.), Schmithausen(1971: 123-130), (2011: 22-33) .

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6 . 6 . 6 . . , , . 6 .

6 . 6 . 5 .

6 6 6 6 . . 6 .

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AAV: LAbhisamaylaklavtti di rya-Vimutisena: Primo Abhisamaya, eds. Pensa, Corado, Roma: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, 1967.

AKBh: Vasubandhu, Abhidharmakoabhya, ed., by P. Pradhan, Tibetan Sanskrit Work Series 8, Patna, 1967(repr. 1975)

ASBh: Abhidharmasamuccaya-bhya, ed., by N. Tatia, Tibetan Sanskrit Work Series 17, K. P. Jayaswal Research Institute, Patna, 1976.

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67

Abstract

On the Interpretation of the Nature of Gotra by Yogcra and

Tathgatagarbha School

Kim, Seongcheol

Geumgang University

The ravakabhmi and the Bodhisattvabhmi, which belong to the earliest Yogcra texts and do not contain any reference to the notion of

layavijna, define the nature of gotra, especially the nature of gotra existing by nature (praktisthagotra), as the distinct state of the six- sense-basis (ayatana-viea) of bodhisattvas. This concept of gotra has a very close relationship with the concept of the distinct state of body

(raya-viea) of the Abhidharmakoabhya and the concept of the six-sense-basis perfumed by karma and klea (*karmakleaprabhvita- ayatana) of Sthavira rlta. The relationship of the three concepts reveals the concrete characteristic of gotra of the earliest Yogcra School.

In other words, the feature of gotra of the earliest Yogcca School is

body-oriented, more precisely, sense-organ-oriented one. In the Yogcra

68 vol.10

School, the body as ayatanaviea has, on the one hand, negative aspect such as perfumed by karma and klea. On the other hand, it has

positive aspect such as the basis for the spiritual practices.

According to the inception of layavijna and the theory of mind-only, the concept of ayatanaviea is forced to change its interpretation. In order for conformity with layavijna, the concept of ayatanaviea become as specialness of the six-sense-basis namely mana-yanana, and further layavijna itself. Though all the six-sense-basis is admitted as gotra, it is only because that the five sense organs are nothing but the

appearance of mind. Most interesting is that tathat is considered as gotra,

because tathat is the specialness of the outer yatana in the Abhis-amaylamkravtti of rya Vimuktisena.

On the contrary, the Ratnagotravibhaga seems to share the concept of

gotra with Yogcra School, at least around the context in the passage

cited from the Bodhisattvabhmi. Though working hypothesis, the concept of gotra in the Ratnagotravibhga, at least in the present context, does not belong to asaskta such as tathat but to saskta.

Key Words : gotra, praktisthagotra, ayatanaviea, tathgatagarbha, tathat

2011 12 19 2011 12 26 2011 12 28


_ ( HK )

, . . , , . () ()

70 vol.10

, () () . , .

: , , , , ,

I.

( ) 550 570 (, Avagoa: 1-2) , (, Pramrtha: 499-569) .1) 594 6 7 , 1930 () (, Bodhiruci: ?-527) () () .2)

1) , , 22, 1991, p.40 .

2) , , , , 1990, pp. 9-15; , , 54, 2010, p. 73; .

71

, () . , [] () . . . () , .3) , () (: ?-?) ,4) , 5)

, , 1, 2006, p. 63, 15) .

3) , , pp.80-85.4) , ,, 1990, pp.350-353.

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.6)

. 1920 . . (: 1871-1943), (: 1897-1964) . . , (: 1890-1947) .7)

, .

5) , , , . ., . ? , . , . , . , T 32.580a26-b4

6) , , pp.85-88.7) , , 7, 2002,

pp.319-327.

73

, . , 1990 , . 20 , .

, . . . . , , .

74 vol.10

, , .

II.

1. (,

tathgata-garbha) , () . (: 643-712) () () (: 617-686) , . () , .8) , () .

8) , , 4, 2002, p.89.

75

. ()

(dhtu-vda) , .9)

,10) . () , . .11) , .

9) , p.90.10) , , , 2002, pp.

9-11.11)

, . () . , , 11, 1980, pp.147, 152.

76 vol.10

2. () ,

, (), () 12) .13) , () () () () .14) , 15) 16) . ,

12) , , . . : , . , . . . . . , . . , T 16.458a24-459a28.

13) . , 4/1, 1956, p.196.14) , . , , ,

. . . , T 16.466c29-467a3.15) , . , .

, T 16, 466c15-18.16) , , , . . .

. , . , . , . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . , T 16.466b25-c14.

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, . (), () . , . () , .17)

() (), () , [] [] , () .18) [] [] , . , () () () .19)

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18) . , . , . . ? . , . , T 32.576a5-8.

19) () , . . , . . , . , , . () , ,

78 vol.10

,20) , . , . . (), .21) , .

3. ,

, () () . () , [, ] [, ]

. , , . , , . ( ) 1, HBJ 1.741b5-20.

20) () , , . , , . 2, HBJ 1.743b23-c3.

21) , . , T 32.577c5-7.

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23) ! . ! , . ! , . , T 12.221c16-18.

24) , . ? . . . . , T 32.576a24-26.

80 vol.10

. , (, bhgya- kya) (, manomaya-kya) , .25) () , () .26) , , . .27)

25) ! , . , . , . , . , . , T 12.219c1-5.. ? , . , . , . , , . , . , . , . , . , T 12.219c20-29.

26) , , , , . , . , T 12.220a23-25.

27) , , . , . . . . . . . . , . , T 32.576c29-577a6. , . () , . . . 2, HBJ 1.750b23-c1.

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, . . . , , .

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() (), () . ,28) (

28) , . . , . . , T 32. 576b14-16.

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. : , . , T 32.576b22- b27

32) , . . , , . , , . , T 32.576b29-c4.

33) () , , , , , . , , , , , , , . . 2, HBJ 1, 750c16-22.

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, , (), .36) , .

34) ! . . ! . , . . . . , . ! , . ! , . ? , , , . , T 12.222b5-17.

35) ? . , . , T 32.578b6-9.

36) , . . . . , T 32.576b11-14.

84 vol.10

2.

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, . () ,

37) [] [] . , . . , . , () , 15, 1987, p.143 .

38) . , T 32.576a12-13; . , , . , T 32.579a12-20.

39) , , , . , , . , T 32.5778b20-24.

40) () , . , . 4, HBJ 1.770a1-3.

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. () , () () () .41)

, . , () , () .42) () , .43)

() . () () ,44)

41) , . , . ? . . , , , , , , , , . , , . , , , , . . , . , T 32.578c15-29.

42) . . . ? . , . . , T 32.579a8-11.

43) . , , . , T 32.579b13-16,

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86 vol.10

, , , .45)

() .

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. .46) , .

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45) : , , , , , , , .. , T 32.582c21-25.

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, , () . , () , (

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88 vol.10

) () . , , .

, .

, 1, T 12: 353. , , 1, T 32: 1666. , 1, T 16: 668. , 1, T 16: 666., 6, HBJ 1. , , : , 1991.

, , , 2002.

______, , 4, 2002, pp.89-108.

, ,

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7, 2002, pp.314-346., , 54, 2010,

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90 vol.10

Abstract

The Soteriological Significance of Tathgata-Garbha in the

Awakening of Faith in the Mahyna

Koh, Seunghak

Dongguk University, HK Research Professor

In relation to the thesis of Chinese authorship of the Awakening of Faith

in the Mahyna (Dasheng qixin lun ), we may point out that a sort of Sinicized mode of thinking, especially an affirmation of the present

world, is implied in the text. This article aims at clarifying that fundamental

ignorance (genben wuming ) referred to in the text denotes ones failure to realize the identity of the realm of sentient beings with that of the

Buddha or nirva, through a comparison of the text with the Scripture of Neither Increase Nor Decrease (Buzeng bujian jing ) and the rmldev Stra (Shengman jing ), two scriptures that explicate the tathgata-garbha (rulai zang ) thought. In particular, the Awakening of Faith does not regard afflictions as objects of elimination.

Instead, the text emphasizes that one should recognize that afflictions are

91

devoid of self-nature. And such a view of afflictions is congruent with the

Huayan idea of the one true dharma realm (yi zhen fajie ).Original enlightenment (benjue ) introduced in the text indicates the

function of tathgata-garbha as an internal cause for attaining buddhahood

and the activities of Buddhas and bodhisattvas as an external condition for

enlightenment. While tathgata-garbha arouses aspiration for enlightenment

in the practitioners mind, the Buddhas and bodhisattvas lead those

practitioners to attain buddhahood. The texts account of the permeation

(Skt. vsan) of suchness in terms of its functionality (zhenru yong xunxi ) and the gate of stopping (Skt. amatha) and contemplation (Skt. vipayan) (zhiguan men ) implies that tathgatagarbha is intricately connected with the practice of compassion throughout the entire

stages of cultivation.

In sum, the Awakening of Faith explicates the structure of ones mind

and mechanism of enlightenment on the one hand, while it affirms the

present state of sentient beings as a foundation of cultivation and stresses

their compassionate engagement as an ultimate realization of their

enlightenment on the other hand.

Key Words : Awakening of Faith, tathgata-garbha, original enlightenment,

affirmation of the present world, compassion, Sinicized mode

of thinking

2011 12 19 2011 12 26 2011 12 28

2007 () (KRF-2007-361-AM0046).


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() .3)

Ratnagotravibhga, ()( ) () . (), () (, 625~702) .4)

. () () , , . garbha() . , .5)

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25) (1980) .26) , , T45.532b10-534c10.27) , , T45.534c7-10:

.

110 vol.10

, .

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()( ). . () () () () ()28) .

.

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, [] , (

28) 2011 325-26 5 .

, 111

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29) , T45.599b14-26: .

30) (2011) .31) , T45.599b27-c6.

112 vol.10

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32) , T45.610b8-16: .

33) 10 .

, 113

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34) , H6.780a16-b1: .

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114 vol.10

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.

36) , H6.790a1-9: .

, 115

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116 vol.10

, 12, ? () () () () . .

() . .

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, 117

. . .

. () () . (). . .

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38) , T45.604c25-605a14: .

39) (2011), (2010: 183-189) .

118 vol.10

. .

. ~ . . . [ ], [ ] . 40)

. . .

? . [], [], [] 3() . . , , , 3 3 , .

40) , Ha9-17.

, 119

. .

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: .

: .

6.

. . .

120 vol.10

. .

. = .

, . . , . . . . , .

, 121

T: H:

, T12RGV: The Ratnagotravibhga Mahynanottaratantrastra ed. by Johnston,

E. H., Patna: The Bihar Research Society, 1950RGV Tib: , , :

, 1967, T31, , T85, , T35, , T45, , T45, H6

(2010), ( 7), , :

(2011), () ?- () () , 9,

(2010), () () , ( 5), , :

(2011), ( : ),

122 vol.10

: , : (2010), ,

(2010), () , ( 5), , :

(2010), () (), ( 5), , :

(2006), , 37,

(2007a), (), 66,

(2007b), (), 38,

(1980), , 28-2(56),

(2011), - -, ( 5 ),

(1969), , 17-2(34),

(1978), , 27-1(53),

, 123

(1956), , :(2001), , 49-2(98),

(2009), ( 4), :

(1970), , 19-1(

37), (1998), , : (1997), , 2-

, : (1973, 48), , : (1975), , 33,

(1972), , 30,

Michael Zimmermann(2002), A Buddha Within: The Tathgatagarbhastra, Biblotheca Philologica et Philosophica Buddhica VI, The International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology, Soka University

124 vol.10

Abstract

Two Perspectives on I: the Manifestation of the Tathgata and Tathgatagarbha

Park, Boram

Geumgang Univ.

All religions and philosophy have their own perspective on I.

Buddhism also has explained about I in diverse ways based on no-self

theory. This paper aimes at examining by comparison the meanings of

tathgatagarbha() and the manifestation of the tathgata(), which all understand I through my body in the affirmative.

The tathgatagarbha theory which had originated from the practical

needs in India has been developed out undergoing various transformation

according to the times and the regions. This transformation would be

summarized like the followings.

The Tathgatagarbhastra, the first stra on the tathgatagarbha theory in fact as well as in name, describes tathgatagarbha as the possibility or

basis of practice or nirvaa. In the rmlstra(), the following stra of the Tathgatagarbhastra, tathgatagarbha becomes foundation of

, 125

birth and death as well as nirvana. This stra, however, does not explain

how tathgatagarbha which is originally the base of nirvaa can be the base of birth and death as well, which came to be answered in the

Lakvatrastra() by assuming that tathgatagarbha was same as layavijna that was already well known as the foundation of birth and

death.

After this tathgatagarbha theory had been transmitted to the East Asia,

this also came to be changed from the practical base into the ontological

base of both defiled andpure dharmas in the Dilun school(). Zhiyan(, 602~668CE) who established the foundation of the Huayan school included the tathgatagarbha theory into his system of dependent

co-arising of the dharma-realm() but he seems to interpret it as the base of birth and death rather than nirvaa.

On the contrary, the Hwam school of isang(, 625 ~ 702 CE) and his disciples regarded the tathgatagarbha theory which could be any kind

of base or foundation of birth and death or nirvaa, and whether practical or ontological base as the Three Vehicles theory and rejected it. In other

words, they asserted the complete aboliton of the tathgatagarbha theory

which could be understood as a kind of dhtu theory in any case. At the

same time, however, they embraced the tathgatagarbha theory of the

Three Vehicles doctrine by transforming it into the tathgathagarbha-

buddha theory of the One Vehicle doctrine. By understanding tathgatagarbha

as the tathgatagarbha-buddha which is the manifestation of the tathgatha,

the basic proposition of the tathgatagarbha theory, all sentient beings have

tathgatagarbha are changed like this, my body is the very tathgatagarbha-

126 vol.10

buddha in the Hwam school of isang and his disciples. Therefore the

tathgatagarbha theory went the process of occurrence, transmittion, trans-

formation, aboliton and embracement and, due to these processes, all

sentient beings become my body and tathgatagarbha are changed into the

tathgatagarbha-buddha as the manifestation of the Tathgata.

Key Words : tathgatagarbha, manifestation of the Tathgata(), layavijna, arising of the tathgatas nature(), tathgatagarbha-buddha, my body, Hwam or Huayan

(), Dilun school(), Zhiyan(), isang(), Tathgatagarbhastra, rmlstra, Lakvatrastra

2011 12 19 2011 12 26 2011 12 28

2007 () (NRF-2007-361-AM0046)


(rNgog Blo ldan shes rab)

- (Theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i donbsdus pa) -

( HK )

. (rNgog Lo ts ba Blo ldan shes rab, 1059-1109) , ( Theg chen rgyud bla ma'i don bsdus pa) . .

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2 11 (Ratnkaranti, 10 -11 ) (Abhaykaragupta, 1004-1125) . (Atia, 982-1054 986-1065) (Nag tsho Tshul khrims rgyal ba, 1011-1064) 11 , (Maitrpa, 1007/1010-?) (nandakrti) (Sajjana, 11 ) . . 15 6 ('Gos Lo ts ba gZhon nu dpal, 1392-1481) ( Deb ther sngon po) .

3 I.27 28 , . (btags pa) (dngos po) . I.27 (bauddhe gotre tatphalasyopacrd) (upacra, nye bar btags pa) . (gotra)

(rNgog Blo ldan shes rab) 129

. I.27 , . (tathgatagarbha) , , (*sattvagarbha) , . (thob tu rung) (btags pa) . (Sa bzang Mati Pa chen 'Jam dbyangs Blo gros rgyal mtshan, 1294-1376) (gantukvaraa) , (nye bar spyod pa) . , , . (nyat, stong pa nyid) , . , I.28 . .

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: (rNgog Lo ts ba Blo ldan shes rab, 1059-1109), ( Tib. Theg chen rgyud bla ma'i don bsdus pa), (Skt. Mahynottaratantrastra[vykhy]), (Skt. tathgatagarbha, Tib. de bzhin gshegs pa'i snying po), (Skt. dharmakya, Tib. chos kyi sku), (Skt. tathat, Tib. de bzhin nyid), (Skt. gotra, Tib. rigs), (Sa bzang Mati Pa chen 'Jam dbyangs Blo gros rgyal mtshan, 1294-1376), (Phywa pa Chos kyi seng ge, 1109-1169).

1.

(Skt. Mahynottaratantrastra[vykhy])1) (Skt. tathgatagarbha, Tib. de bzhin gshegs pa'i snying po) .

(Jo nang school)

1) ([ ] Theg pa chen po'i rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos [kyi rnam par bshad pa]) , Mahynottaratantrastra[vykhy] . . , (loka) (lokrthasagraha) RGV, (lokrthavykhyna) RGVV . (2011, 22-33) .


(Dol po pa Shes rab rgyal mtshan, 1292-1361) . 14 (, Skt. nitrtha, Tib. nges don), . ( rtag brtan ther zug) ( , gzhan stong bstan pa) . , ( Nges don rgya mtsho) 4( bKa' bsdu bzhi pa) . 4 4 . (Bu ston Rin chen Grub, 1290-1364) (Tshong kha pa Blo bzang grags pa, 1357-1419) (Go ram pa bSod nams seng ge, 1429-1489) 14-15 .

11 (rNgog Lo ts ba Blo ldan shes rab, 1059-1109 ) . , . ( Theg chen rgyud bla ma'i don bsdus pa )2), (Skt. dharmakya, Tib. chos kyi sku) (Skt. tathat, Tib. de bzhin nyid) (Skt.

2) ( bKa' gdams gsung 'bum) 1 ( dbu med) .

132 vol.10

gotra, Tib. rigs) .3) , . .

2.

(Kashmir) . , . 11 . .

11 . 11 (Ratnkaranti, 10 -11 ) (Abhaykaragupta, 1004-1125) (Maitreya) . (Strasamuccaya) ( mDo kun las btus pa'i bshad pa rin po che snang ba'i rgyan ces

3) I.27 28 , . .


bya ba, ), .4) I.27 , .5) (rGyud bla ma, Uttaratantra) .6) (Abhisamaylakra) (Munimatlakra), (Theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma)7) . Uttaratan-trastra[vykhy] Mahynottaratantrastra[vykhya] , .8) . (Skt. nyat, Tib. stong pa nyid) , . (Skt. dharmadhtu, Tib. chos dbyings) .9)

4) D3935.296b1-297a1; Q5331.346a4-5.5)

.6) D3935.325b3; Q5331.379a1-2, 'phags pa byams pas rgyud bla ma las bsdus par rig

par bya'o.7) D3903.150a6;Q5299.186b4-5.8) 7 8 Khotanese-Saka

Bailey, H.W. and Johnston E.H.(1935, 76 87-89), Ruegg(1977, 287-289 296-297) .: 11 , .

134 vol.10

(Dharmadharmatvibhga) (Maitrpa, 1007/1010-?)10) (nandakrti) , (Sajjana, 11 ) . 1076 1093 (Tib. Kha che) (Skt. Anupamapura, Tib. grong khyer chen po dPe med) , . , .

11 (lDan dkar ma) ('Phang thang ma) , . 11 ('Gos Lo ts ba gZhon nu dpal, 1392-1481 ) . (Atia, 982-1054 986-1065) (Nag tsho Tshul khrims rgyal ba, 1011-1064) 11) (

9) Ruegg(1977), Kano(2008).10) (gter ma, ) (gter ston,

) . (De kho na nyid rab tu gsal ba'i me long ) 4.8-11 . cf. (1986, 247).: (Ruegg 2000, 83) (amanasikra) .

11) . 987.5-6 . (Pa chen bSod nams


Deb ther sngon po) .

(=) [] . [](rNgog Lo [Blo ldan shes rab]), [](sPa tshab Lo ts ba [Nyi ma grags], 1055?-?), [](Yar klungs Lo ts ba [Grags pa rgyal mtshan], 1242-1346) . [](Jo nang Lo ts ba Blo gros dpal, 1299-1353) . [](Mar pa Do pa [Chos kyi dbang phyug], 1042-1136) 5 .12)

15 . .

grags pa, 1478-1554) . Ruegg(1969, 37) .: , . -(Maitreyantha), -(Asaga) . 317.7-10 , D4024.73a7; D4025.129a7; N5525.69a2; N5526.129b6; Q5525.74b5; Q5526.135b6 .

12) 425.4-7, rgyud bla ma 'grel pa dang bcas pa jo bo dang nag tshos thog mar bsgyur tede nas rngog lospa tshab lo ts bayar klungs lo ts ba rnams kyis bsgyurjo nang lo ts bas gzhung rkyang la 'gyur mdzadmar pa do pas byams chos lnga ka la 'gyur mdzad yod ces kyang zer ro.

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1. 6 >13)

/

(982-1054/986-1065)

(1011-1064)

1074-1054 / (sTag rtse rdzong) (Yer pa Ba rang)

(11 )

(1059-1109)

1076 1092 /

(1055?-?)

11 / (lHa sa) ?14)

(1042-1136)

11 12 / ?

(1242-1346) (1299-1353 1300-1355)

, 11 , 11 .

13) (bTsan Kha bo che, 1021-?) , (Yar lung pa) . . . , . . .

14) Ruegg(2000, 47).


. , 15 6 .

3.

1) I.27 28

.15)

15) tathgatagarbha de bzhin gshegs pa'i snying po, , buddhagarbha sangs rgyas snying po, (T1611.828a26) . garbha 31 . , garbha (snying po) (mngal) (khye'u) (yod pa) . snying po , , , mngal , khye'u , , yod pa - , - . . , , - , (Bahuvrhi) -garbha , - (cf. Zimmermann 2002, 41 2009, 98-103). sarvasattvs tathgatagarbh (sems can thams cad ni de bzhin gshegs pa'i snying po can no). , garbha , , . , , . I.27 28 (gotra) ,

138 vol.10

, , , (=

) .28

() , ,

, (=) .2716)

(=) (gotra) . I.28 (sabuddhakya) I.27 (buddhajna) . () (Avatasakastra)(tathgatotpattisabhavanirdea) (buddhajna)

. Ruegg(1976), Kano(2008), (2011, 42-43) .

16) C4578.53a1-2; C4579.83a6-7; D4024.56a2-3; D4025.88a5-7; G3524.66a2; G3525.110b3-5; N5525.49b7-50a1; N5526.103b6-104a1; Q5525.56a5-6, Q5526.90b1-3; RGVV(Tib) 49.3-10; RGV26.1-26.6.: C4578, 4579, D4024, 4025, G3525, N5526, Q5526 27 28 . (T1611.828a28-29 828b8-9) . G3524, N5525, Q5525 RGV 27 , G3525, N5526, Q5526 27 . G3524, N5525, Q5525 27 . (Narthang), (Kinsha), (Peking) 27 , .* C4578.53a2, C4579.83a7, D4024.56a3, D4025.88a7, G3525.110b5, N5526.104a1, Q5526.90b3 brtags btags .


,17) (Zimmermann) .18) , . , ,19) , . , . I.27 28 , (=) (=) . (upacra) . = . 20) , .

I.28 .

17) (1974, 574-575), Kano(2008).18) Zimmermann(2002, 61-62), Kano(2008).19) RGVV 21.8-10.20)

Zimmermann(2002, 76) .

140 vol.10

.

, [ ] , . [] (=, sugatagarbha) . ..21)

dharmadhtvarkaspharat, dharmadhtvauspharat .22) (sabuddhakya) . .23) 24) .

, .

21) D3935.296b7-297a1; Q5331.346a4-5, de bzhin du 'phags pa byams pas kyangchos dbyings snang byed 'od 'byung zhingde bzhin nyid la tha dad medrigs kyi don ni snang ba'i phyirthams cad bde gshegs snying po canzhes gsungs pas.* I.28 .

22) Kano(2008) .23) T1611.828a28, .24) sugatagarbha ,

tathgatagarbha buddhagarbha sugatagarbha .


, (Nag po'i zhabs) ,25) . I.28 . . I.28 .

2)

. .

[I.28 ] , [ , , .] (=) .26)

I.28

25) D3935.334a3;Q5331.389a8.26) 324.5, rdzogs sangs sku ni 'phro phyir dangzhes bya ba la sogs pa

la'bras bu dangrang bzhin dangrgyu'i snying po can yin pa'i phyirde bzhin gshegs pa'i snyng po can du dgongs pa'o.* .

142 vol.10

.

[ ] (=) . [] , [ ] (thob tu rung ba'i phyir) . , (=) . [ , ] .27)

I.28 . . . (thob tu rung) . . (A) (B) (AB), (A) (B) (AB) .

27) 324.5-6, de la rnam par dag pa'i de bzhin nyid nirdzogs pa'i sangs rgyas kyi chos kyi sku yin lade 'phro ba ni des khyab pa stesems can thams cad kyis thob tu rung ba'i phyir khyab pa yin nophyogs 'di la ni de bzhin gshegs pa ni dngos po yin lasems can de'i snying po can du ni btags pa yin tede thob pa'i skal ba yod pa la des khyab par btags pa'i phyir ro.* pas pa .** .


. , . , .

, (=) . (=) (gantukvaraa) .28)

, (, gantukvaraa) . .29) (gantukaklea)30) . , .

28) 324.6-7, de bzhin nyid dbyer med phyir dangzhes bya ba nide bzhin gshegs pa dangsems can de'i snying po can gnyi ga dngos su yin tede bzhin nyid dri ma rang bzhin gyis dben pa ni glo bur gyi sgrib pa dang bcas pa'i tshe yangsangs rgyas kyi rang bzhin yin pa dangsems can gyi rgyud la nges par gnas pa'i phyir ro.* myed med, mas ma, gyi kyi kyi gyi .

29) RGV 59.16-60.6; RGVV(Tib) 117.15-18 96 97.30) gantukaklea RGV 59.5; RGVV(Tib) 117.18 .

144 vol.10

, . , .

[] (=) , . . [ ].31)

. , . , . (=, bja) , .

31) 324.7-325.1, rigs yod phyir nazhes bya ba nide bzhin nyid rnam par dag (19a1) pa'i gnas skabs thob pa'i rgyu dge ba'i bag chags shes rab dang snying rje'i sa bon ni de bzhin gshegs pa'i rgyu yin pas de bzhin gshegs pa zhes btags pa yin lasems can gyi snying po ni dngos po kho na yin no'og nas ston par 'gyur rozhes bya ba nisangs rgyas pad nganzhes bya ba la sogs pa dpe dgu ston pa'i skabs su'o.


2. RGV I.28

RGV I.28 rNgog Blo ldan shes rab

1. (dharmakya)

(dngos po, A=B)

(btags pa, AB/AB)

2. (tathat)

(dngos po, ) (gantukvaraa) (dngos po, )

3. (gotra)

(btags pa)

(dngos po)

I.27 28 . .

( btags pa) (dngos po) . . , . I.27 (bauddhe gotre tatphalasyopacrd), (Skt. upacra, Tib. nye bar btags pa) .32)

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(gotra) . , . (tathgatagarbha, sugatagarbha) , , (*sattvagarbha) , . (thob tu rung) (btags pa) .

(Sa bzang Mati Pa chen 'Jam dbyangs Blo gros rgyal mtshan, 1294-1376 )33) ( rGyud bla ma'i bstan bcos kyi rnam par bshad pa nges don rab gsal snang ba ) .34)

, , , ,

32) RGV 26.3-4.33) Stearns(1999, 24 185).34) (IABS) 16

. . . . Mathes(2007, 84-91) .


35)

(nye bar btags pa) (nye bar spyod pa) . .

[] , .36)

. , . . (nye bar spyod pa) .

35) 128.2-4, chos kyi dbyings kun la khyab tshul nisangs rgyas ye shes sems can tshogs zhugs phyirrang bzhin dri med de ni gnyis med phyirsangs rgyas rigs la de 'bras nyer spyod phyir'gro kun sangs rgyas snying po can du gsungszhes pa'ang rgya gar gyi dpe 'ga' zhig la yod pas.

36) 515.6-516.1, bdag gis kyang mchog tu zab pa'i tshul la lhag par mos pa'i dbangs gis rgya gar 'phags pa'i yul gyi dpe la gtugs tecung zad bcos shing shin tu dag par bgyis pa'o.

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(=) .37)

I.27 , . , (nye bar spyod pa) . , .

I.27 28 . I.27 .

, .

, , . .38)

37) 128.5-6, sangs rgyas nyid 'grub pa'i rigs khams sgrib pa dang bcas pa'i gnas skabs la yang de dri ma dang bral ba'i 'bras bu chos sku tha dad med par nye bar spyod cing yod pa'i phyir na'gro ba ma lus pa kun don dam pa'i sangs rgyas kyi snying po can.


(mtshan nyid) , (nyat, stong pa nyid) . . (mdhyamika, dbu ma pa) . , I.28 . (btags pa) .

? ? (=) , .

. [] . 7 [] . . . [] (=) .39)

38) 339.7, des na rgyu'i mtshan nyid nas ni rigs yin lakhyab byed kyi mtshan nyid nas ni de bzhin nyid'bras bu'i mtshan nyid nas ni chos kyi sku stestong pa nyid 'ba' zhig rnam pa gsum gar yang 'gyur ro.* kar gar .

150 vol.10

(Phywa pa Chos kyi seng ge, 1109-1169) .

(= ) [](gTsang nag pa [brTson 'grus seng ge], 12) (=) . . . [] [] (prasajyapratiedha) .40)

. .

39) 295.2-3, rtogs pa'i don zhes bya bas ni brjod pa'i don sel ba'obrjod du med pa'i phyir na rdo rje lta bu zhes bya'ordo rje'i gnas 'di bdun dmigs pa med pa'i ye shes kyis rtogs par bya ba tsam yin gyibrjod du med pa yang don dam pa'i rang bzhin yin pa'i phyir rodon dam pa ni ngag gi yul ma yin pa'i phyir ternam par rtog pa ni kun rdzob yin pas don dam pa rtog pa'i yul ma yin pa'i phyir ro.* ces zhes, pa ba, myed med, dmyigs dmigs, pa'i pa ni .

40) 424.1-7, de la lo ts ba chen po dang slob dpon gtsang nag pa ni de bzhin gshegs pa'i snying po zhes bya ba don dam pa'i bden pa la zer mod kyidon dam pa'i bden pa ni sgra dang rtog pa'i dngos kyi yul ma yin pa lta zhogzhen pa'i yul tsam yang ma yin zhes gsungslob dpon phywa pa ni dngos po rnams bden pas stong pa'i med par dgag pa ni don dam pa'i bden pa yin zhingde sgra rtog gi zhen pa'i yul du yang bzhed.* rtogs rtog .


. , . . . , .

4.

. .

2 11 , . , 15 6 .

3 I.28 .

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, , (sabuddhakya) . (=) .

(btags pa) (dngos po) . I.27 (bauddhe gotre tatphalasyopacrd) (Skt. upacra, Tib. nye bar btags pa) . , . , (nye bar spyod pa) . , , .

, .


, I.28 . (btags pa) .

, . .

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Abstract

An Understanding of Buddha Nature in the Theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i don bsdus pa by rNgog Blo ldan shes rab

Cha, Sangyeob

Geumgang University

In this article, I considered some acceptance aspects in tibetan buddhism

of terminology and concept of buddha nature in the Mahynotta-ratantrastravykhy. The Theg chen rgyud bla ma'i don bsdus pa is the very first tibetan commentary of Mahynottaratantrastravykhy, and had been translated by rNgog Lo ts ba Blo ldan shes rab (1059-1109) in

India. To examine rNgog Blo ldan shes rab's interpretation, so it is the

initial step to understand controversy in tibetan buddhism about buddha

nature.

Based on extant tibetan texts, I could in the second part of this article

verify some following philological facts : first the title of Mahynott-aratantrastravykhy as well as the name of writer, Maitreya has been mentioned in works of Ratnkaranti (from the late 10th to early 11th


century) and Abhaykaragupta (d. 1125) in the early 11th century. Second

the first introduction into Tibet of Mahynottaratantrastravykhy whose formation was in India, it was through tibetan translation by Atia

(982-1054) and Nag tsho Tshul khrims rgyal ba (1011-1064) in the late

11th century. rNgog Blo ldan shes rab personally inherited the Mahy-nottaratantrastravykhy in Kashmir, India, from Sajjana (late 11th century) whose teacher was nandakrti. The latter figure was a pupil of

Maitrpa (b.1007/1010) who had rediscovered the Mahynottaratan-trastravykhy. rNgog Blo ldan shes rab since then translated the Mahynottaratantrastravykhy with Sajjana, and bequeathed the first tibetan commentary of the original Sanskrit text. Third according to the

Deb ther sngon po of 'Gos Lo ts ba gZhon nu dpal (1392-1481), the

Mahynottaratantrastravykhy had been translated in Tibet a total of six times until in the 15th century.

In the third part I examined how rNgog Blo ldan shes rab understands

three aspects of buddha nature, i.e. dharmakya, tathat and gotra in the Mahynottaratantrastravykhy, of verses I. 27 & 28. rNgog Blo ldan shes rab judges whether dharmakya, tathat, and gotra are to be understood as nominal (btags pa) or actual (dngos po) with regard to their existence in

sentient beings and the Buddha. rNgog Blo ldan shes rab's commentary is

closely related with his understanding of nominal designation (Skt.

upacra, Tib. nye bar btags pa) in a passage of because its result has been nominally designated as the Buddha's gotra (bauddhe gotre tatphalasyo-

pacrd), [the Buddha] taught all sentient beings have the Buddha nature.(I. 27) This suggests that all sentient beings has the spiritual

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potential (gotra) inside as Dynamis, as cause of attaining Buddhahood.

rNgog Blo ldan shes rab extends the nominal designation into dimension of

dharmakya and tathat, beyond dimension of gotra. According to him, buddha nature (Skt. tathgatagarbha, sugatagarbha) is nothing less than dharmakya and the immaculated tathat. On the contrary to this sattvagarbha is the stained tathat (samal tathat) and gotra, the latent cause of buddha nature. He has highlighted the possibility of buddha

nature through terms of thob tu rung and btags pa, whereas Sa bzang Mati

Pa chen 'Jam dbyangs Blo gros rgyal mtshan (1294-1376) has underlined the enjoyment (nye bar spyod pa) whose original concept is btags pa of

rNgog Blo ldan shes rab's interpretation, to say that gotra is none other

than dharmakya, even though gotra has some kind of adventitious stains (gantukvaraa). This modification of Sa bzang Mati Pa chen is an hermeneutical device to approve the fact that all sentient beings have

buddha nature inside and so is even in the ultimate existence (paramrtha). rNgog Blo ldan shes rab explains all of three aspects of buddha nature, i.e.

dharmakya, tathat and gotra as emptiness. This is a crucial point which is suggesting how rNgog Blo ldan shes rab understands buddha nature. He

pushfully utilizes the concept of btags pa as hermeneutical device, to make

understand organically the nyat and buddha nature.

Key Words : rNgog [Lo ts ba] Blo ldan shes rab (1059-1109), Theg pa

chen po rgyud bla ma'i don bsdus pa, Mahynottaratant-rastravykhy, buddha nature (Skt. tathgatagarbha, Tib. de bzhin gshegs pa'i snying po), dharmakya (Tib. chos kyi


sku), tathat (Tib. de bzhin nyid), gotra (Tib. rigs), Sa bzang Mati Pa chen 'Jam dbyangs Blo gros rgyal mtshan (1294-1376), Phywa pa Chos kyi seng ge (1109-1169)

2011 12 19 2011 12 26 2011 12 28


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