1371786

DC LIU HOCCHNG TRINH AI HOC DC LIU 1TRNG AI HOC Y DC CN THNguyn Ngoc Quynh

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Nm th 1: Nhn thc dc liuNm th 3: Dc liu 2Nm th 4: Dc liu 3Nm th 5: Dc liu 4 (Phng phap nghin cu dc liu)

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Nm th 1: Nhn thc dc liuMc tiu:Nhn thc v thuc tn khoa hc c khong 100 dc liu

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2. Nm th 3: Dc liu 2Nhn bit c mt s nhm hp cht t nhin (CH, Saponin, flavonoid, glycosid tim, anthraquinon)Bit cch chit xut cc nhm hp cht trnBit cc phng php phn lp v nh lng cc nhm hp cht trn

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3. Nm th 4: Dc liu 3Nhn bit c mt s nhm hp cht t nhin (alkaloid, tinh du, ng vt lm thuc, cht nha, cht bo)Bit cch chit xut cc nhm hp cht trnBit cc phng php phn lp v nh lng cc nhm hp cht trn

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Mi sinh vin np mt bi bo co sau mi bui bo coThi thc hnh ti PTNChun b: khn, pank (ging cy nhp ln)

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HNH THC LNG GIL thuytThi trc nghim v in khuyt (khong 100 cu)Thc hnhMi nhm thc tp khong 40 sinh vinMi tiu nhm nhm nh khong 3-4 sinh vinSinh vin chun bi trc khi thc tp (tho lun trc khi thc hnh) mi ln tho lun c cng im vo im thi

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Lng gi l thuyt

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4. Nm th 5: Dc liu 4 Seminar Sc kPhn lp nhm hp cht t nhinLm tiu lun (xy dng tiu chun dc liu) Sinh vin c giao 1 dc liu c th Tm ti liu tng quan v dc liu nhn cnh danh dc liuPhn tch s b thnh phn ha thc vt dc liuSc k nhm hp cht t nhin t dc liu nhn c

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QUY NH V THC TP

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Yu cu cao nht : An ton Phi eo knh bo v mt. Phi mc o blouse + ct tc gn gng. Khng t thay i quy trnh thc tp. Khng t s dng la trn trong phng thc tp.Phi dng kp khi s dng bp, bn mng. Khng cho nc vo acid: Ch khi ra dng c !!!

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90% tai nn v mt trong phng th nghim : Do cho nc vo acid / kim. Thi im d xy ra tai nn nht : Lc ra dng c (ng nghim !!!)

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Bt buc phi c : Kp y t di 20 cm

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Nhn trng : Ghi bt ch, c th ty xaKhng ghi bng bt bi, bt mu

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mnh giy lc,ghi bt ch

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Khng t iu chnh bp cch thy( Set up : Delay = 0; Hold = )DELAYHOLD

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iu kin: C l do chnh ng. C xin php trc v c gio vin ng . C phiu cho php thc tp b.Yu cu: Thc tp b trong vng (khi lp D4 hay CT3 cn ang thc tp bi ny)Lu : B mn c quyn t chi khng cho thc tp b, nu iu kin thc t khng cho php. Khng thc tp 100% bi thc tp = Cm thi.

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Sinh vin phi chun b trc ni dung thc tp Phi c trc phn l thuyt (ti thiu: Phn c s l thuyt, trong ti liu thc tp). Phi c s lm vic (S nh tnh, nh lng)

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5 g bt DL/ erlen 250

Dch CHCl3 / BLG

Dch acid / BLG

Dch CHCl3 / erlen

2a. + H2SO4 2% (30 + 20 + 20 ml)2b. gp cc dch acid (lp trn)

3a. + NH4OH . (t ht) n pH 11 (giy qu)3b. Lc vi CHCl3 (30 + 20 + 20 ml)3c. Gp cc dch CHCl3 (erlen 250)

1a. NH4OH . va m (# X ml; t ht) 1b. Cch thy hi lu vi CHCl3 (50 + 30 + 30 ml)1c. Lc bng, gp cc dch CHCl3 (bnh lng gn)

4a. + tinh th Na2SO4 khan4b. gn, thu lp CHCl3 (chn s)4c. C cch thy (t ht) n cn kh.4d. ngui, cn, tnh kt qu alkaloid %

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Bo co tng sinh vin rin bit theo mu quy nh. ngn gn kt qu thc tp.

np bo co ng quy nh vo bui thc tp tip theo.

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BI M U

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MC TIUBit c tng quan v qu trnh pht trin ca ngnh dc liu Bit c cc phng php thu hi ch bin v bo qun dc liuBit c cc phng php phn lp v nh lng cc nhm hp cht t nhin

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NI DUNGnh ngha dc liu hcLich s phat trin cua dc liu hocThuc co ngun gc t nhin trong chm soc sc khoeThu hai dc liun inh dc liuCh bin dc liuCac phng phap sc ky, ng dung trong NC dc liuCac phng phap quang ph xc nh cu trc dc liu

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I TNG NGHIN CU CA DC LIU HCI TNG NGHIN CUHng LiuM PhmNguyn liu lm thucCy,nm c, d ng Dit cn trngV CSinh Hcng vtThc vtVi sinh vt

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Dc liu hc l mn khoa hc nghin cu v cc nguyn liu lm thuc c ngun gc t nhinDc liu hc l mn khoa hc nghin cu v cc nguyn liu lm thuc c ngun gc sinh hc

inh nghia

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Cy thuc (con thuc)Cy (con) dung vi muc ich y hocDc liuPhn ca cy thuc (b phn, tan cy) dng lm thucSn phm tit, chitCht tinh khit,Ranh gii gia cy thuc v cc lai cy khcCy c Cy lng thc, thc phm, gia v.Cy cng nghip, cy cnh..

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Cy thuc (con thuc)Cy (con) dung vi muc ich y hocDc liuPhn ca cy thuc (b phn, tan cy) dng lm thucSn phm tit, chitCht tinh khitRanh gii gia cy thuc v cc lai cy khcCy c Cy lng thc, thc phm, gia v.Cy cng nghip, cy cnh..Mt s quan im

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Cy thuc (con thuc)Cy (con) dung vi muc ich y hoc

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Dc liuPhn ca cy thuc (b phn, tan cy) dng lm thucSn phm tit, chitCht tinh khit

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Cac linh vc nghin cu cua dc liuTao ngun nguyn liu lam thucKim nghim va tiu chun hoaChit xut cac hoat cht t dc liuNghin cu thuc mi

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Tao ngun nguyn liu lam thuc

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Kim nghim va tiu chun hoa

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Chit xut cac hoat cht t dc liu

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Lich s phat trin cua dc liu hocNgun gc C xa nh lich s loai ngiCach thc thu thp kinh nghimCach thc lu truyn va gi kinh nghimS phat trin va chuyn mn hoa

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CAC NN Y HOC CNn y hc Assyria BabilonNn y hc Ai CpNn y hc n Nn y hc Trung HoaNn y hc Hy LpNn y hc La MNn y hc Khc

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1.1. Nn Y hc Assyria - BabilonSumarian kin thc v cha bnh ( 3500 TCN)250 loi TV v 150 khong vtThuc ung, p, tht tho.

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1.2.Y hoc Ai cp3000 2500 TcnParyrus Thut xac p700 phng thucPhep phu thuy va ma thutImhotep (2667-2648 Tcn)

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3. Y n Ayurveda: khoa hc s sng (4000 1000 Tcn)C nh hng ln ti nhiu nn vn minhThut dng sinh, php dng sinhCharaka (200 Scn): 500 phng thucSusruta (400 Scn): 750 cy thuc.

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4. Y hc Trung hoa

Hoang (2637 Tcn) cha Y hc c truyn TQ- Ni KinhThn nng (2700 Tcn)Ban thao

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Trng Trong Canh142 -220 Thng han lun (Thng, trung, ha)Da trn c s m, dngLy Thi Trn1518-1593Ban thao cng muc, m ta cach s dung, cach trng, cach ch bin

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5. Y hoc HylapHyporate 460 Tcn

S dung trn 200 cy thuc Anh hng ln ti Y hoc phng tyGiai oan chu yu cua thy phu thuyChn oan bnh da trn lm sangLi th Hyporate

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Aristoteles (384 322 tcn)Trit gia (nha lun ly hoc), Suy nghi, trai nghim n t duy tru tng nha t nhin hoc (vt ly hoc va sinh hoc)Lich s ng vtTheophrastusHoc tro Aristotele (372-287 Tcn)Nha t nhin hocNgun gc cua thc vt

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6. Y hoc La maTha hng thanh tu y hoc HylapLa ngun gc cua y hoc phng tySuy vong 476 scn

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La mt nha y hoc cua qun iQuyn De Materia Medica co 600 loai cy thucLa tac gia ni ting trong linh vc dc liu Co anh hng ln ti Y hoc phng ty

Dioscorides (40-90 Scn)

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Quan nim cha bnh miPhng phap bao chCo anh hng ln ti y hoc phng tyGalien 129-199

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1.7. S phat trin cua y hoc phng tyPhat trin t y hoc Hylap va La maBt u t nm 476Cac giai oanThi trung cThi phuc hngThi cn aiThi hin ai

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S phat trin cua Y hoc phng tyThi Trung cAnh hng cua giao hiY hoc khng phat trinCac hiu thuc th ky 7-8Avixen (Avicenne), 980-1036 l nh khoa hc Rp ln cui cng, nghin cu trit hc, ton, thin vn, y hc, gi kim thut, nhng hot ng nhiu trong lnh vc y hc , nghin cu v cht v c va hu c.Thi Phuc Hng (1300 1650)Thut gia kimKhoa hoc phat trin, y hoc phat trin

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Paracelsus (1490 1541)Bnh do s ao ln cn bng cua nhng cht dich trong c thBnh lin quan vi iu kin lam vic xung quanhS dung c vi

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S phat trin cua Y hoc phng ty thi cn aiKy anh sang ( 1650 1750)1700 Dale tach nganh dc ra khoi nganh yVn cy thucKhoa hoc phat trinThc vt hoc, hoa hocHoa hoc ra i tach khoi dc liu hoc (1842)

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Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778): danh phap cho ng vt va thc vtKarl Winhelm Scheele Cac acid thc vt cui th ky 18Friederich Seturner chit morphin t thuc phinSchleiden: tm quan trong cua khao sat m hoc (1857)Eijkman: vitamin (1896)vitamin (1896)John Albel: chit c epinephrin, ni tit t (1897)

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1.8. Y hoc c truyn Vit NamVit Nam co nn y hoc lu i va kha phat trinThn nng la vi thn cua nn vn minh lua ncThi Hng bangBit nhum rngn truBit ung che, d tiuBit dung gng, hanh, toi phong bnhBit nu ruThi An Dng Vng (257-179tcn)Bit ch tn c

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Nha LyLp Ty Thai yTrao i dc liu va giao lu vi Tng Huy TngNha trnVin thai yT chc thu hai va trng thuc nam chun bi khang chin chng nha NguynNha LVin thai y va T sanh ngKhuyn khich phat trin dc liu

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T ao Hanh i lyPham Cng Bn (1293-1331)Tu Tinh ( Nguyn Ba Tinh) (1330 -?)Chu Vn An - i Trn (1391): tng kt 700 phng thucHoan n Hoa (th ky 16) :Hoat Nhn toat yuHai Thng Lan ng (1720-1791)

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Tu Tinh (1330 -?)Nam dc tri nam nhnTrc tac con laiHng nghia giac t y thNam dc thn hiuThp tam phng gia giamThng han tam thp tht trung phapHai Thng Lan ngHai Thng y tn tm linh

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Y hoc thi Phap thucT chc y t theo li ty yHan ch ng yinh Vn Nho va Pham vn Thai Trung Vit dc tinh hp binPho c Thanh Vit Nam dc hoc

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Y hoc c truyn sau nm 1945Chinh sachKt hp ng va Ty yCo nhiu chinh sach phat trin v dc liuLp cac c quan nghin cu ng y va dc liuSachNhng cy thuc va vi thuc Vit NamDc liu Vit Nam BYTDc in Vit NamT in cy thuc TS. Vo Vn ChiTai nguyn cy thc Vit Nam vin dc liu1000 cy thuc thng dung vin dc liu

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2. Thuc co ngun gc t nhin trong chm soc sc khoeVai tro80% dn s trn th gii Trn 50% thuc s dung trn lm sang12 trong 25 dc cht ban chay nht th giiThi trngThi trng thuc co ngun gc thc vt trn th gii hin nay Khoang 30 ti USDXu hng s dung thucQuay v vi thin nhin; an toan hnPhong bnh hn cha bnh

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Lch s ngnh dc2.000 nm trc cng nguyn: Hy n ci r ny i1.000 nm SCN: n ci r l k ngai o, hy cu nguyn i1.850 nm Cu nguyn l m tn, hy ung th thuc ny i1.985 nm: vin thuc v dng thi, hy ung th khng sinh ny i2.000 nm SCN: th khng sinh l nhn to. Hy n ci r ny i

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Cac hoat cht co ngun gc t nhin s dung trong dc phmHn hp: Tac dung yu va/hoc kem c hiu Thanh phn co tac dung cha c bit Thanh phn trong hn hp co tac dung b sung hay cng lc lam tng tac dung hay giam tac dung phuCac hoat cht tinh khit Hoat tinh sinh hoc manh va c hiu Chi s tri liu hep, nn cn co s phn liu ng b va chinh xac

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Cac dang thuc co ngun gc t nhinThuc trong y hoc c truyn c phi ngu, bao ch theo y hoc c truynThuc trong y hoc hin ai Bao ch di cac dang, tiu chun cua thuc hin ai Tac dung c chng minhThc phm tri liu (thc phm chc nng, thc phm b sung)

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Vai tro cua dc liu trong nghin cu dc phmT nhin- ngun cung cp cac hoat cht miT nhin- ngun cung cp cac nguyn liu ban tng hp cac thuc khacTng cng ngun gc thuc, giam gia thanhCai thin cac c tinh ly hoa cua thucCai thin tc dung cua thucT nhin: ngun cung cp khung c ban cho vic nghin cu thuc mi

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Morphin CodeinTaxolBaccatin III

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3. Thu hai dc liuMuc ich Nng xut cao nht Ham lng cao nht Ham lng tap cht thp nhtYu t anh hng Giai oan phat trin cua cy Yu t thi tit, mi trngThi im thu hai Tuy loai ma quyt inh thi im thu hai thich hp Tuy b phn dung

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THU HI DC LIU1. Nhng nguyn tc chung:Thu hi ng dc liu, ng b phn dng, ng thi v.Nhng b phn trn mt t nn hi vo lc kh ro, nhng b phn di t c th o lc m t .ng tc thu hi phi kho lo, nh nhng, khng lm gip nt cc b phn cn thu hi v cc cy cn li trong vn, trnh ln t ct, tp cht, cc phn hng khng dng c

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THU HI DC LIUR, thn r, cThu hi khi qu chn gi, vo thi k sinh dng lc cy tn li. Tu loi cy m thu hi vo cui thu hay u xunKhi o phi cn thn, khng va chm lm xy st r, c, hi r c phi ct b b phn trn mt t.

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THU HI DC LIUThn Thu vo ma thu hoc ng khi cy rng l. Cht thn cy xong, bc v ngay hi nc thot ra d dng, g b mc.

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THU HI DC LIUV cyThu hi vo ng hay u xun khi nha cy hot ng mnh.V cy thng ly cnh trung bnh v v cnh gi thng c nhiu t bo cht, t hot cht.

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THU HI DC LIUL cyThu hi khi cy chm ra hoa l thi k cy quang tng hp mnh nht, khi l pht trin nht v thng cha nhiu hot cht. bo v cy nn hi l bng tay. C th dng dao, ko ct cnh nh ri bt l. Khi hi l cy c nn mang gng tay (C c dc, Trc o).L hi v c ng vo ng c mt tha, trnh p mnh lm l gip nt, hp hi, thm en.

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THU HI DC LIUBp cyHi vo ma xun khi cy ny nhiu chi nhng l cha xe ra.

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THU HI DC LIUHoaThu hi khi hoa sp n hoc bt u n, khng i thu hi lc th phn xong v khi y hoa s d rng v cht lng s gim.Hi hoa bng tay, nh nhng. Khi thu hi thng khng hi cung, tr khi khng c qui nh c th.Xp hoa thnh lp tha, khng xp qu nhiu hoa, khng ln cht, trnh phi nng, trnh xc mnh v trnh vn chuyn nhiu.

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THU HI DC LIUQuQu mng: thu hi trc khi qu chn hoc va chn v lc dch qu t nhy hn. Hi lc tri mt. ng cn lt cho m, ch mt.Qu kh: nn hi trc khi qu kh hn.

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THU HI DC LIUHtThng thu hi khi qu chn gi, c khi phi ly ht sm hn trnh qu nt lm ri mt ht nh u, sen, d.

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Chng nhm ln dc liuDo hinh dang cy thuc va vi thuc ging nhauDo bt cn khi thu hai: nhm ln vi dc liu khacDo trung tn goi vi cy thuc khac hoc cha xac inh chinh xac v ngun gc dc liuDo qua trinh ch bin lam thay i hinh dang ban uDo tuy tin thay th cac vi thucDo c y gia mao

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4. n inh dc liuLi ich: tao ra san pham th cp cn thitAconitin ____________________> AconinVanilin glycosid ____________________> VanilinTac hai cua enzym trong bao quan dc liu: phn huy cac nhom hoat cht Cac enzym thuy phn dy ni glycosid Cac enzym thuy phn dy ni ester Cac enzym ng phn hoa Cac enzym oxy hoa Cac enzym trung hp hoa.

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Cac phng phap n inh dc liuPhng phap pha huy enzym bng cn siPhng phap dung nhit m Phng phap dung nhit khPhng phap c ch enzym

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Lam kh dc liuMuc ich: a dc liu ti thuy phn an toanPhi: Di anh nng mt tri, phi trong rmSyLam kh di ap sut giamng kh

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5. Ch bin dc liuMuc ich Cai thin cht lng Thay i hinh thc Thay i tac dung cua thucCh bin trong y hoc hin ai U men, dit menCh bin trong y hoc c truyn Ch bin thanh thuc sng: xng, , u Ch bin thanh thuc chin: sao, tm, chng.

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6. Cac phng phap sc ky, ng dung trong NC dc liuSc ky phngSc ky ctSc ky ngc dongSc ky long cao apSc ky khiin di mao quanSc ky long ti han

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Sc ky phng Sc ky lp mong Sc ky lp mong hiu nng cao Sc ky lp mong iu ch Sc ky ly tm Sc ky lp mong ap sut trn Sc ky giy

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TLCTLCSc ky lp mong

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So snh (S) v (T) v - din tch vt, - cng mu (c / khng th th)

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2. Sc ky ctSc ky ct c inSc ky ct nhanhSc ky ct chn khng

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Sc k ct nhanh

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VLC

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3. Sc ky ngc dongSc ky ngc dong nho giot Sc ky ngc dong quay ly tmSc ky ngc dong tc cao

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4. Sc ky long cao ap: iu ch, phn tich

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mu th M (cha X)chun XXTXCSTSCtRphut

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7. Cac phng phap quang phPh t ngoai kha kinPh hng ngoaiPh cng hng t hat nhn ( 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR)Ph khiPh nhiu xa tia X (chiu dai va gc lin kt)Lng cc vong va tan sc quay quang (cu hinh carbon bt i)

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Ph IR cht MCOH-phenol-CH2C=CC-O

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Ph khi cht MCGlucose

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anthraquinon 16703400

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7. Tiu chun va phng phap anh gia dc liuCam quanCac c im hin viCac hng s vt lyTh tinh khitinh tinhinh lng

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Th tinh khit m tro ( tro toan phn, khng tan trong acid)Tap chtTy l vun natTy l gia cac b phn dc liuCac b phn khac cua cyTap cht hu cTap cht v cXac inh nm mc, cn trungXac inh kim loai nngXac inh d lng thuc bao v thc vt, cac cht c do nhim

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inh tinhPhng phap hoa hoc inh tinh trn m thc vt inh tinh trn ng nghim Phan ng tao tua Cac phan ng mauPhng phap sc ky inh tinh cac cht (hoat cht, cht anh du)inh tinh im chi

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inh lngCac phng phap Phng phap cn Phng phap th tich Phng phap quang ph Phng phap kt hp sc ky, quang ph Phng phap vi sinh vt Xac inh hm lng cao chit2. Cac bc tin hanh Chit Loai tap Xac inh ham lng Tinh toan kt qua

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