2019 年杭州教师招聘统考备考指导英语zj.offcn.com/dl/2019/0627/20190627060357679.pdf · 五、教学设计（共1小题，共20分）（1）题型变化：2017年考查了单选；2018年没有考查单选题，但考查了语法填空题。

学员专用请勿外泄

2019年杭州教师招聘统考备考指导

英语

前言

听说你要去远行

我们会为你准备最好的装备

和最耐用的拐杖

助你风里雨里，跋山涉水，到达心中的圣地

听说你要去远航

我们会为你准备最好的航船

和最精确的指南针

助你千里万里，乘风破浪，到达理想的彼岸

听说你想把文明的圣火

传到那些稚嫩的小手中

于是，我们把这本《备考指导》

卷成一支精美的火炬

只等你用信念和勤奋

点燃——

那些我们精心为你准备的

教师所需要的知识的火种


目录

第一部分考情分析....................................................................1

第一节考试时间.........................................................................................1

第二节试卷分析.........................................................................................1

小学.........................................................................................................1

中学.........................................................................................................3

第二部分学科专业知识........................................................... 5

小学.................................................................................................................5

中学...............................................................................................................21

第三部分教材教法..................................................................37

小学...............................................................................................................37

中学...............................................................................................................39

第四部分模拟卷......................................................................41

小学...............................................................................................................41

中学...............................................................................................................48


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第一部分考情分析

第一节考试时间

年份公告发布时间报名时间考试时间

上半年 5月初 5月中旬5月最后一个周末

（9：00—11：00）

下半年 12月初 12月中下旬1月中旬周末

（9：00—11：00）

第二节试卷分析

小学

1.题型、题量

2017年题型题量 2018年题型题量

科目名称：英语

试卷说明：总分：100 分时间：120

分钟

一、单选（共 10 小题，每题 1 分，共

10分）

二、完形填空（共 20小题，每题 1分，

共 20分）

三、阅读理解（共 15小题，每题 2分，

共 30分）

四、写作（共 1小题，共 20分）

五、教学设计（共 1小题，共 20分）


试卷说明：总分：100 分时间：120

分钟

一、完形填空（共 20小题，每题 1分，

共 20分）

二、阅读理解（共 15小题，每题 2分，

共 30分）

三、语法填空（共 10小题，每题 1分，

共 10分）

四、书面表达（共 1小题，共 20分）


（1）题型变化：2017 年考查了单选；2018 年没有考查单选题，但考查了语法填空题。

（2）题量变化：完形填空、写作、教学设计题量没有变化。阅读理解虽然题量没有变化，

依旧 15 道小题，但是 2018 年比 2017 年多一篇阅读理解。2017 年考查了 10 道单选题，2018 年

考查了 10 道语法填空题。

（3）从出题顺序来看，学科是按照客观、主观题排列顺序，即客观题→主观题。

2.考点分析

模块名称年份具体内容分值

（分）比重（%）


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模块 1：单项选择题2017年

特殊句式 1题×1分定语从句 1题×1分否定句 1题×1分固定搭配 2题×1分词义辨析 3题×1分

代词 1题×1分时态语态 1题×1分

10分 10%

2018年未考查

模块 2：完形填空题

2017年

副词 1题×1分动词/动词词组 6题×1分非谓语动词 1题×1分固定搭配 2题×1分

名词 5题×1分连词 1题×1分

形容词 2题×1分代词 2题×1分

20分 20%

2018年

介词辨析 4题×1分名词辨析 1题×1分形容词辨析 4题×1分动词辨析 4题×1分副词辨析 3题×1分连词辨析 1题×1分固定搭配 3题×1分

20分 20%

模块 3：阅读理解题

2017年

常规性阅读理解：3篇文

章共 15小题：

细节题 7题×2分推理题 4题×2分主旨题 3题×2分含义题 1题×2分

30分 30%

2018年

常规性阅读理解：4篇文

章共 15小题，4/3/4/4的题量分布

细节题 13题×2分推理题 2题×2分

30分 30%

模块 4：语法填空题

2017年未考查

2018年

常规性短文填空：1篇文

章共 10小题：

动词用法 2题×1分介宾用法 2题×1分

形容词用法 2题×1分名词用法 1题×1分连词用法 1题×1分代词用法 2题×1分

10分 10%


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模块 5：书面表达题

2017年

书信写作（150字），给

定要点，毕业 15年后，

邀请同学回母校参加校

庆；

1题×20分

20分 20%

2018年

命题作文（150字），标

题“How can students trysmarter?”；1题×20分

20分 20%

模块 6：教学设计题

2017年

教学内容：人教版六

年级上册《Unit 5 Whatdoes she do?》考查内容为

一个课时的教案包括教

材分析、学情分析、基本

的教学流程、板书、设计

意图等

20分 20%

2018年

教学内容：人教版五

年级下册《Unit 1 Robin’splay》部分。考查内容为

一个课时的教案包括教

学目标、教学活动、设计

意图等。

20分 20%

总结：

（1）从考查内容的范围来看，重点考查学科专业知识和教学设计。单选题、完形填空、阅

读理解题、语法填空和写作主要考查学科专业知识，考查考生对语法知识:词类、从句、特殊句

式以及语法小点的掌握和灵活运用语法知识的能力，建议考生加强对语法知识点的复习，并能熟

练运用相关语法点。教学设计主要考查教学设计中的活动设计、设计意图等，建议考生根据历年

考点模块复习。

（2）从考查方式上看，学科专业知识客观题和主观题都有考查，建议考生在掌握理论的基

础上，根据历年考题多练题。

中学

1. 2018年题型、题量


试卷说明：总分：100分时间：120分钟

一、完形填空（共 15小题，每题 1分，共 15分）

二、阅读理解（共 15小题，每题 2分，共 30分）

三、语篇填空（共 10小题，每题 1分，共 10分）

四、书面表达（共 1小题，共 25分）


（1）从题型、题量来看，客观题分为两部分，其中完形填空为每小题 2 分，阅读理解为每

小题 2 分，共 45 分；主观题分为三部分，其中语篇填空占 10 分，书面表达占 25 分，教学设计

占 20 分。


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（2）从出题顺序来看，学科是按照客观、主观题排列顺序，即客观题→主观题。

2.考点分析

模块名称年份具体内容分值（分）比重（%）

模块 1：完形填空 2018年

副词 2题×1分动词/动词词组 4题×1分

固定搭配 2题×1分名词 5题×1分形容词 1题×1分介词 1题×1分

15分 15%

模块 2：阅读理解 2018年

常规性阅读理解：3篇文章一

共 15小题，5/5/5的题量分布

细节题 6题×2分推理题 5题×2分主旨题 2题×2分含义题 2题×2分

30分 30%

模块 3：语篇填空 2018年

常规性短文填空：1篇文章一

共 10小题：

副词用法 1题×1分动词用法 2题×1分代词用法 1题×1分名词用法 1题×1分介词用法 1题×1分

固定搭配用法 1题×1分连词用法 3题×1分

10分 10%

模块 4：书面表达 2018年

命题作文（150字），标题“OneThing the World Can Do

Without”；1题×25分

25分 25%

模块 5：教学设计 2018年

教学内容：一篇阅读文章。考

查内容为一个课时的教案包

括文本分析、教学目标、教学

活动、设计意图等。

20分 20%

总结：

（1）从考查内容的范围来看，重点考查学科专业知识和教学设计。完形填空、阅读理解题、

语法填空和写作主要考查学科专业知识，考查考生对词汇、语法的综合运用能力，建议考生加强

对语法知识点的复习，并能熟练运用相关语法点。教学设计主要考查教学设计中的教学目标、教

学活动设计和设计意图等，建议考生根据历年考点模块复习。

（2）从考查方式上看，学科专业知识客观题和主观题都有考查，建议考生在掌握理论的基

础上，根据历年考题多练题。


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第二部分学科专业知识

小学

考点·名词

1.表示特别含义的复数形式

arms武器 waters水域 snows积雪 sands沙滩

customs海关，关税 times时代 papers文件、文献；证明、证件 manners礼貌

looks外表 brains头脑、智力 greens青菜 ruins 废墟

experiences经历 works作品

2.名词作定语

（1）当名词作定语时，几乎总是用单数形式（即使在意义上是复数）。例如：

shoe repairers修鞋的人 tooth brushes牙刷

（2）sports, customs, arms, clothes, sales和 accounts等作定语时，仍用复数形式。例如：

a sports car一辆赛车 a customs officer一名海关官员

（3）“man / woman + n.”变为复数时，作定语的名词和中心词都要变复数。例如：

a man teacher一个男教师→ten men teachers十个男教师

【经典例题】

Mr. Black is an _____ in the army, not an _____ in the government. You can not easily find him inhis _____.

A. official; officer; office B. officer; office; officialC. official; official; official D. officer; official; office

考点·冠词

1.不定冠词的用法：

用在单数可数名词前，指一类人或事，相当于 a kind of (A plane is a machine that can fly.)；表

示“每一，一”相当于 every / one；用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事；

用于 quite / rather / many / half / what / such之后；用于 so (as, too, how)+形容词之后。

注意：a和 an的用法区别，“以元音音素开头的用 an，以辅音音素开头的用 a”。2.定冠词的用法：

用于单数可数名词前，表示某一类人或物（The horse is a useful animal.）；用于乐器前面；

用于姓氏的复数前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇”；用于序数词和形容词、副词的比较级和最高级前。

3.零冠词的用法

名词前有 this / my / whose / some / no / each / every等限制词；季节、月份、星期、节假日、

一日三餐前；学科、语言、球类、棋类名词前；与 by连用表示交通工具的名词前。

【经典例题】

Disney research center creates _____ unusual robot which can draw pictures on the beach. _____robot is 60 cm long and 40cm high.

A. a; A B. an; The C. a; A D. a; The

考点·形容词和副词的比较等级

形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级、比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容

词和副词后加-er 和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加 more 和 most；形容词的最高级前面要加定

冠词 the。


6

1.同级比较时常常用 as…as…以及 not so (as)…as…和 the same as。如：

I am not so good a player as you are.2.可以修饰比较级的词有：much, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。3.表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…”句型。如：

The harder you work, the more progress you will make.4.用比较级来表达最高级的意思。如：

★直接使用比较级

How beautifully she sings! I’ve never heard a better voice.= She has the best voice I’ve ever heard.

any other +n. (单)★比较级+than + the other + n. (复)

any of the other +n. (复)① He works harder than any other student.② She goes to school earlier than the other girls.③ China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.★比较级 + than + anything / anyone elseTom cared more for money than for anything else.★在比较句型中使用“no, never, nobody, nothing” + 比较级等词。

① I have never spent a more worrying day.② Nobody can do the work better than he did.5.表示“最高程度”的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favorite, excellent, extreme, perfect。【经典例题】

The movie Three Idiots is _____ one that I’ve ever seen.A. more interesting B . the more interestingC. most interesting D. the most interesting

考点·常见倍数关系表达方法

1. A+ be +倍数+ 形容词（或副词）的比较级+ than +BThis hall is five times bigger than our classroom.这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。（是我们教室的六倍）

2. A+ be +倍数+ as +形容词（或 much）或副词+ as + BThis big stone is three times as heavy as that one.这块大石头的重量是那一块的三倍。（这块石头比那块重二倍）

3. A+ be +倍数+ the + size (length, height ...)+ of + BThis hill is four times the height of that small one.这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。（比那座小山高三倍）

4. The + size (length, height ...) of +A +be+ 倍数+ that + of +BThe height of this hill is four times that of that small one.这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。（比那座小山高三倍）

【经典例题】

It’s reported that women with demanding jobs are almost _____ to suffer a heart attack.A. as likely twice B. likely twice as C. twice as likely D. twice likely as


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考点·代词

1.不定代词

one / some / any; each / every; none / no; other / another; all / both; neither / either2.人称代词

主格：I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they宾格：me / you / him / her / it / us / you / them3.物主代词

形容词性：my / your / his / her / its / our / their名词性：mine / yours / his / hers / its / ours / theirs4.反身代词：

myself / yourself / himself / herself / itself / ourselves / yourselves / themselves5.指示代词：this / that / these / those / such / some6.疑问代词：who / whom / whose / which / what / whoever / whichever / whatever7.关系代词：that / which / who / whom / whose / as8.名词替代词 one, ones, that, those的区别

one和 ones用来代替前面提到过的可数名词，one指代单数，ones指代复数，所替代的是同

名异物，表示泛指，可有前置定语或后置定语，也可单独使用。特指时必须加定冠词 the。that用来代替前面提到过的单数可数名词或不可数名词，不能和冠词连用，其后常有修饰语。

代替可数名词的复数时，用代词 those。9. all, both, either, neither, each, none 的用法比较

both, either 和 neither 都表示两者，可作主语、宾语和定语。both 还可作同位语。neither 表示“两者都不”；either表示“两者中任何一个”，强调个体；both表示“两者都”。

all和 none 表示三者或三者以上。all表示全部肯定，而 none表示全部否定。all可作主语、

宾语、表语、定语和同位语；none可作主语、宾语和同位语，但不能作定语。both, all, each, none作主语同位语时，通常放在行为动词的前面，be动词、助动词和情态动词的后面。all和 both与not连用表示部分否定。

【经典例题】

These shoes are _____, my shoes are here.A. your B. his C. she D. him

考点·介词

1.表示时间

（1）表示在某时间，常用介词 at, on, in等。

①用 at来表示在某一时刻：

at dawn / daybreak：在黎明

at six：在 6点钟

at midnight：在午夜

at 4:30：在 4点 30分用 at来表示“在……岁时”at sixteen / at the age of sixteen：16岁的时候

②用 on来表示在星期几/某日

on Monday：在星期一

on January fifth：在 1月 5日on Christmas Day：在圣诞节那一天


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on New Year’s Day：在新年那天

③用 in来表示一天中的早中晚、月份、季节或年份

in the morning / afternoon / eveningin January / Februaryin Springin 2014（2）表示期间，常用介词 during, for, over, within, throughout, from和 to等。

①during用于已知的一段时间包括大家熟知的节日或者某种已确切限定的时期或阶段之前

during the Middle Ages：在中世纪

during 1942：在 1942年中

during the summer（of that year）：在（那一年的）夏季

during his childhood：在他童年时期

②for用来表示一段时间

for six years：六年之久

for two months：有两个月

for ever：永远

（3）表示其他时间概念的介词有 before, after, since, until, till, between, up to等2.表示方位

（1）at, in, on, toat：①表示在小地方；②表示“在……附近，旁边”in：①表示在大地方；②表示“在……范围之内”。on：表示毗邻，接壤，“在……上面”。to：表示“在……范围外”，不强调是否接壤；或“到……”（2）above, over, on“在……上”above：指“在……上方”，不强调是否垂直，与 below相对；

over：指“垂直的上方”，与 under相对，但 over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。

on：表示某物体上面并与之接触。

The bird is flying above my head.There is a bridge over the river.He put his watch on the desk.（3）below, under“在……下面”under：表示“在……正下方”below：表示“在……下”，不一定在正下方

There is a cat under the table.Please write your name below the line.（4）in front of, in the front of“在……前面”in front of…意思是“在……前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括；其反义词是 behind

（在……的后面）。

There are some flowers in front of the house.（房子前面有些花卉。）

in the front of意思是“在……的前部”，即甲物在乙物的前部（乙将甲包容在内），反义词是

at the back of…（在……范围内的后部）。

There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom. 我们的教室前边有一块黑板。

Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom. 我们的老师站在教室前.（老师在教室里）

（5）beside, behind


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beside表示“在……旁边”；behind表示“在……后面”【经典例题】

--- Look! There is a hole _____ the wall. The mouse must run away from here.--- I think so. If there is not a picture _____ the hole, we can easily find it.A. in; in the front of B. on; in the front ofC. on; in front of D. in; in front of

考点·数量词

数词是指表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词，表示顺序先后的数

词叫序数词。数词用法相当于名词和形容词，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语等。

1.基数词的用法要点

（1）逢整“十”的基数词的复数形式可用于表示某人的大约年岁和世纪中的年代。如：

Karl Mark began to learn Russian in his fifties. 马克思五十多岁开始学俄语。

（2）表示年代

表示在某个世纪的几十年代，用“in the +逢十的基数词的复数”。基数词的复数若用阿拉伯数

字表示，可直接加 s，也可加’s。如“在 20世纪 80年代”是 in the 1980’s或 in the 1980s，读作 in thenineteen eighties。

（3）英语中的时刻是用基数词来表示的，最常见的形式有三种：

★先点钟，后分钟。如：7:52 seven fifty-two★先分钟，后点钟。

表示“分钟数不超半小时”，用“分钟数+past+钟点数”表示；如：5:25 twenty-five past five。表示“分钟数超过半小时”，用“（60-分钟数）+to+下一个钟点数”表示，即“差几分到几点”。

如：10:43 seventeen to eleven★表示“整点”，直接用“钟点数（+o’clock）”表示。“半点钟”用 half表示，“一刻钟”用 a quarter

表示。如：

6:00 six (o’clock) 10:30 half past ten4:45 a quarter to five 7:15 a quarter past seven2.基数词变序数词的规则

（1）第 1 至第 19 一般是在基数词后加 th，但变化特殊的有 one—first, two—second,three—third, five—fifth, eight—eighth, nine—ninth, twelve—twelfth。

（2）逢十的 twenty, thirty…ninety，分别改 y为 ieth。如 twenty—twentieth, ninety—ninetieth。（3）表示第几十几或第几百几十几，只需将个位数改为序数词。如 56—fifty-six—fifty-sixth，

635—six hundred and thirty-five—six hundred and thirty-fifth。3.序数词的用法要点

（1）序数词前一般要加定冠词 the。如：

It’s the third time I’ve been here.这是我第三次到这里来。

（2）表示在原有的基础上增加，即“又一，再一”时，用不定冠词。如：

Shall I ask her a third time? 我还要问她一次吗?（3）下列 4种情况不用冠词。

★序数词前已有物主代词或名词所有格时，不能再用冠词。如：

This is Tom’s second visit to China. 这是汤姆第二次访问中国。

★表示比赛或考试的名次时，通常省略定冠词。如：

He was (the) second in the English exam. 在这次英语考试中他得了第二名。

★序数词被用作副词时不用冠词。


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I have to finish my homework first. 我得先把作业完成好。

★在某些习语中不用冠词。如 at first起初；first of all首先；at first sight乍一看。

4.分数、小数、百分数的表达法

（1）分数表达法

分数由基数词和序数词构成：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子超过“1”时，分母用复

数。如：two thirds=2/3。注：有时还可以用“分子（用基数词）+ in / out of +分母（用基数词）”这样的形式，如“三分

之二”可表示为 two in / out of three。（2）小数表达法

小数点前的数按普通基数词的读法读，小数点后的数按单个数字一一读出。小数点后的 0通常读作/əʊ/，有时也读作 nought或 zero，小数点读作 point: one point five six (1.56), ten point threeoh five

【说明】被大于“1”的小数修饰的名词要用复数，如说 1.3 meters，不说 1.3 meter；即使是

被小于“1”的小数修饰，名词也通常可以用复数：One centimeter equals 0.3937 inches. 1厘米等于

0.3937英寸。

（3）百分数表达法

百分数由基数词（或小数）和百分号（%）组成，百分号（%）读作 percent: fifteen percent (15%),zero point six percent (0.6%)

5. dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million用法要点

（1）当这些词与具体数字连用时，通常不加复数词尾-s，也不后接介词 of。如：

About three million workers were on strike. 参加罢工的大约有三百万工人。

（2）当这些词不与具体数字连用，而是表示不确定的泛指数时，则不仅要加复数词尾-s, 而且要后接介词 of，然后才能接名词。如：

I’ve read it dozens (scores) of times. 我读过它几十次。

注：若不出现名词，则不用介词 of。如：

Millions (of people) are homeless.千千万万的人无家可归。

（3）当这些词与 a few, several, many等数目不很具体的词连用时，带不带复数词尾-s 均可，

但是注意：若不带复数词-s，其后的介词 of可以省略；若带复数词尾-s，则其后介词 of 不能省

略。如：

在那儿我见到了数百外宾。

正：There I saw several hundreds of foreign guests.正：There I saw several hundred (of) foreign guests.注意 some hundred persons与 some hundreds of persons含义不同：前者指“大约一百人”，其

中 some＝about a；后者指“几百人”。量词

1.英语量词词组分类

类型量词词组

（1）表示定量 a couple of (一对), a cupful of (一满杯), a portion of (一份)等

（2）表示不定量 a majority of (大多数，大半), a spell of (一阵，一段时间)等

（3）表示大量 a flood of, a heap of, a mountain of等

（4）表示少量 a drop of (一滴，一点), a particle of (一点), a shadow of (一点)等

2.修饰名词的量词

量词谓语动词


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（1）修饰可数

名词复数

a number of, numbers of, a few, few, a great many, agroup of, an average of, a/the majority of, a total of, many,too many

复数

the number of, the average of, the total of, a pair of 单数

（2）修饰不可

数名词

a little, little, a great deal of, much, a large sum of, alarge amount of, too much

单数

large amounts of 复数

（3）既可修饰

可数名词也可

修饰不可数名

词

some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, large quantitiesof, a large quantity of, a variety of

【经典例题】

--- _____ Haojiang Peach Blossom (桃花) Festival took place in late February. Did you go there?--- Yes. I took the No. 36 bus and then a _____ walk to Ju Feng Temple.A. The seventh; 20-minute B. The seven; 20-minuteC. The seventh, 20 minute’s D. The seven; 20 minutes’

考点·动词

1.情态动词

（1）may / might否定回答时可用 can’t或 mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。（2）must表示“必须、一定”，否定回答用 needn’t或 don’t have to，表示“不必”。（3）dare作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，过去式为 dared。（4）can / could + have done表示“本来可以做而实际上没能做某事”。should have done表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事”。needn’t have done表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。2.动词时态与语态

所谓“时”就是行为发生的时段或状态存在的时段，即：“现在、过去、将来、过去将来”四种；

所谓“态”就是行为或状态发生时所呈现的状态，有一般状态、进行状态、完成状态和完成进行状

态四种。与时态结合，便形成下列十六种时态：

时态现在过去将来过去将来

一般时态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时一般过去将来时

进行时态现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时过去将来进行时

完成时态现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时过去将来完成时

完成进行时态现在完成进行

时

过去完成进行

时将来完成进行时

过去将来完成进行

时

（1）现在进行时表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作。She is leaving for Beijing.（2）现在进行时代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。The Yangtze River is flowing into the east.（3）现在完成进行时着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性。

---Hi, Tracy, you look tired.---I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.3.动词语态--主动表被动

（1）某些感官动词和系动词加形容词可以表示被动意义，如 look, smell, taste, feel, prove,


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sound等。例：The flower smells sweet.（2）某些及物动词后加副词，也可以表示被动意义，如 cut, clean, draw, lock, open, pack, play,

peel, sell, shut, split, strike, record, iron, keep等。例：This type of TV sells well. The meat cuts easily.（3）deserve, need, require, stand, want等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。

若动名词是不及物的，后面应跟有介词。例：The kids need taking care of. The table wants cleaning.（4）某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。例：The stone is hard to break.

It is easy to understand.【经典例题】

1. Close the door of fear behind you, and you _____ the door of faith open before you.A. saw B. have seen C. will see D. are seeing2. You _____ Jane anything about it, it was none of her business.A. needn’t have told B. needn’t tellC. mustn’t have told D. mustn’t tell

考点·主谓一致的用法

遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致、就近原则。

1.用作主语的名词词组的中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致；

2.主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义。

充当主语的词用法例句

集体名词

如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动

词用单数形式，如果就其中单个成员

而言，谓语动词用复数形式。

如

audience/class/club/company/crew/enemy/crowd/government/group/party/public/team等。

His family is a happy oneThe whole family are

watching TV.

只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用

复数：people/police/cattle等The police are searching for

the thief.

3.句中出现连词如 or/either… or …/neither… nor …/not only… but also …等，谓语动词的人称

和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。

当主语后面有 as well as/with/along with/together with/but/like/rather than/except，逗号加 and连接几个名词或代词等引导的短语时，谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致。

【经典例题】

It’s seven o’clock. My family _____ a walk in the park.A. take B. is taking C. takes D. are taking

考点·强调句

1.强调句的类型

（1）用 It is / was…that / who…句型表示强调。

被强调的部分（通常是句子的主语、状语、宾语或宾语补足语）放在 is / was的后面，如被

强调的是人，则后面可用 who，whom等代替。

It was an old friend that / who he met in the park yesterday.（2）not … until … 句型的强调句

句型为：It is / was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分。如：


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普通句：He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came back.强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.注意：此句型只用 until，不用 till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用，因为句型中 It is/

was not… 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。

（3）谓语动词的强调

It is / was … that … 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词 do / does或 did。Do sit down. 请坐。

He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。

Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！

注意：此种强调只用 do/ does和 did，没有别的形式；过去时用 did，后面的谓语动词用原形。

（4）从句的强调

①强调状语从句

I came home late because it was raining hard.It was because it was raining hard that I came home late.（注意：被强调的原因状语从句只能用 because引导，不能用 as或 since 引导）

②强调主语从句

What you said really made us sad.It was what you said that really made us sad.2.强调句型的判断

把“It, be, that”去掉，如果剩余部分句子结构仍然完整（被强调部分要还原到原位置），那么

这个句子就是强调句；如果句子不完整，则不是强调句。如：

(1) It is he who/ that often helps me with my English.(2) It is on the hillside that we plant trees every year.(3) It was because of bad weather that the football match had to be put off.分析：去掉 It is/ was... that/ who 句子后结构仍然完整，句意仍明确，都是强调句。

(4) It was 9 o’clock when we came back.(5) It was 3 hours since we had come back.分析：在上面例句中若去掉 It was... when / before / since 等后，句子结构就不完整，而且强

调句型的后半句只能由 that/who引导，所以不是强调句。

3.强调句型注意事项

（1）句首词用“It”，不能用“This”，“That”等。

（2）若原句的谓语动词用了现在时或将来时，则用 is；若原句的谓语动词用了过去时或过

去完成时，则用 was。（3）被强调的部分如果是代词，强调主语用主格，强调宾语用宾格。如：

① It is him that / who / whom I met in the street yesterday.② It is I who / that made that decision.（4）连接词一般用 that，当强调部分是人时，既可用 that 也可用 who。特别注意当强调部

分是时间状语或地点状语时，不能用 when或 where。如：

It was on Oct 1st, 1949 that People’s Republic of China was founded.（5）主谓一致问题

被强调的主语要和 that后面的谓语动词在数上保持一致。

（6）not… until 结构的强调：

强调“not…until”引导的时间状语时，要用“it is/was not until…that…”结构，that 后面的句子

要用肯定式，且须用陈述句语序。如：


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We did not get off the bus until it stopped.It was not until it stopped that we got off the bus.【经典例题】

Is it he or you _____ in charge of the job and supposed to complete it punctually?A. who is B. that isC. who are D. whom are

考点·词汇辨析

1. be used to do, use to do和 be used to doing的区别

（1）used to do表示“过去常常做”I used to play football after school.过去我常常在放学后踢足球。

（2）be used to do表示“被用来做”This knife can be used to cut things.这把刀能够被用于切东西。

（3）be used to + doing表示“习惯于……”，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。

He is used to living in the country now.他现在习惯了住在农村。

2. spend, take, pay, cost的区别

（1）spend 的主语通常是人，往往用于句型(sb.) spend some money/some time on sth. / (in)doing sth.如：

He spent three days on the work. = He spent three days (in) doing the work.（2）take 常用于“占用、花费”时间，其主语通常为形式主语“it”或物。句式是：It takes / took

sb. some time to do sth = Sth. take(s) / took sb. some time. 如：

It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses.The work took me two days.（3）pay为“付款、赔偿”之意，主语通常是人，往往是 sb. pay some money for sth.或 pay sb.

(some money for sth)。如：

He has paid the doctor 50 pounds for the medicine.How much did you pay him?（4）cost的主语必须是某物。句型是 sth. cost (sb.) some money。如：

The dictionary cost me £ 20.3. rise, arise, raise, arouse 的区别

rise, arise 是不及物动词；raise, arouse是及物动词。

（1）rise (rose, risen) vi. 上升，升起，升高；上涨

说明主语自身移向较高位置，常用于日、月、云、雾、烟、蒸汽、温度、物价等，无被动语

态。如：

The moon has risen above the hills. 月亮已经从山上升起。

（2）arise (arose, arisen) vi.（问题，困难等）出现；发生，产生；主语一般为抽象名词，如

problem, trouble, quarrel, difficulty, misunderstanding, disagreement。常用短语：arise from / out of sth.由……引起；因……产生。如：

They are talking about problems arising out of the lack of communication.他们正在谈论由于缺乏交流而产生的问题。

（3）raise vt. 招募；养育，栽培；提高；举起；说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其他事物

的，往往有使物体达到其应有的高度的含义。可用于被动语态。如：

招募：to raise an army 养育、栽培：to raise a child提高工资、租金：raise salaries/ the rent


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举起手：raise one’s hand 提出问题：raise a question（4）arouse意为“激起，唤醒；使……奋发”，可用于被动语态。如：

He was aroused from his sleep by the doorbell. 门铃声把他从睡眠中唤醒。

【经典例题】

--- How do you go to work?--- I _____ ride my bike, but now I _____ walking there.A. used to; am used to B. used to; used toC. was used to; used to D. was used to; am used to

考点·完形填空

完形填空的考点梳理如下：

1.词汇角度

（1）考查固定搭配或习惯用语

（2）词义辨析：考查词汇的基本含义，最好的方法就是逐一代入验证法

（3）根据生活常识及文化背景知识选词

（4）词语复现

复现是完形填空常见的考查手法，复现即表达相同意思的词汇在文章的不同地方出现，词汇

的复现方式有很多种，可以是同词复现，近义词复现，反义词复现等。这需要我们在做题时注意

“瞻前顾后”，发现词汇之间的复现关系。

（5）词语同现

同现指的是词语共同出现的倾向性，在语篇中，当讨论某一话题时，有些单词一定会出现，

只要我们把握话题，结合选项就能选出答案。

2.语法角度

从语法的角度考查考生对文章的理解，这要求语法基础知识扎实，由于语法项目较多，在此

列举其中考查较为频繁的语法点。

（1）倒装关系（2）被动语态

（3）各类从句（4）形容词比较级

3.逻辑角度

从逻辑的角度考查考生对于上下文逻辑关系的理解，要求学生理清文章脉络，把握常见的逻

辑关系引导词。

（1）并列关系（2）转折关系

（3）因果关系（4）递进关系

4.语篇角度

从语篇的角度主要考查考生对于上下文语境的理解，更多地关注语篇内容，在语境中做题。

【经典例题】

AA man lived at the foot of a hill. For a long time, he heard of tales of the other side of the hill —

stories of rich land, __1__ weather and beautiful scenery.One day, he was __2__ life in his home town and thought it was necessary to improve it, so he

packed his bags, left his home and started climbing the hill, wishing to live a better life.The climb was very __3__. The man had to stop to rest many times. At some points, the hill was

very steep (陡峭的) indeed, and he almost wanted to __4__. But his dream of a better life kept himgoing.

One afternoon, the man came to another steep part of the hill. And at the top stood some thick


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plants, the same trouble had happened to him many times before. __5__ this time it was a little hard toget over it, he surely was able to do it.

__6__, the man was too tired after all those days of climbing and pushing through high plants. Hewas __7__ that he still had no results to show, no fruit to enjoy. He just didn’t want to __8__ anymore.He said to himself, “Maybe life on the other side of the hill is not like what the tales told. My old homeisn’t that terrible anyway.” He finally made his decision, turned around and set off for home.

Actually the man didn’t know that __9__ he climbed over that slope (斜坡), he could see the otherside of the hill and all he had heard about that place was true. The man had already done the hard part,but he __10__ to stop trying when things were going to get much better.

1. A. bad B. hot C. perfect D. cold2. A. interested in B. bored of C. surprised at D. nervous about3. A. astonishing B. interesting C. tiring D. amazing4. A. get up B. give up C. sit down D. run away5. A. If B. Because C. When D. Although6. A. Luckily B. However C. Otherwise D. So7. A. happy B. angry C. excited D. calm8. A. try B. help C. escape D. learn9. A. as if B. so that C. as long as D. as well as10. A. prepared B. agreed C. chose D. failed

BIn American culture, you may find some very sensitive topics that require you to think again

before you put them forward. They are as follows:Age. It is a very sensitive __1__ to many Americans. In this culture, the thought of growing older

is a __2__ one and most of us, if possible, would like to have nothing to do with it. So many Americanswork hard to __3__ a youthful appearance. The last thing they want to be asked is the unthinkable,“How old are you exactly”?

This question may result in a(an) __4__ like: “How old do you think I am?”Anyhow, if you are__5__ to know someone’s age, first you estimate(估计)their ages by their appearances. Then you taketen years away from that estimation. With a big __6__, that person will probably say, “Thanks, but I ama few years older than that”.

Weight. This is one of the most sensitive subjects. In America, it is desirable to be thin but it is ahuge __7__ to be overweight. In any American fashion magazines, you’ll notice most __8__ arenothing more than skin and bones.

Income. You should never ever ask how much someone’s salary is. However, it’s perfectly __9__to ask about their job title and what they do for a living. This information should give you some ideas.

Matters of the Heart. This is a tricky(难处理的 )one. Some people cannot wait to __10__ theirhearts out to you. Then there are those who make sure their __11__ business stays behind closed doors.The general __12__ is not to get too personal. You don’t want others to think that you are looking intotheir lives. Besides, try not to ask too many questions until you have a(n) __13__ with this person.

Anyhow, it’s difficult to always __14__ an embarrassing conversation. So, be sensible, __15__your mouth and try not to open a can of worms.

1. A. solution B. subject C. access D. approach2. A. painless B. painful C. enjoyable D. natural3. A. make B. change C. decorate D. keep


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4. A. reply B. consequence C. description D. explanation5. A. likely B. eager C. afraid D. nervous6. A. smile B. surprise C. prize D. gift7. A. accident B. event C. excitement D. embarrassment8. A. singers B. editors C. writers D. models9. A. awesome B. suitable C. foolish D. typical10. A. pour B. cut C. mark D. test11. A. rich B. foreign C. personal D. public12. A. aspect B. rule C. idea D. concept13. A. appointment B. quarrel C. discussion D. friendship14. A. avoid B. begin C. produce D. stop15. A. ignore B. take C. watch D. notice

CSometimes I really doubt whether there is love between my parents. Every day they are very busy

trying to __1__ in order to pay the high tuition for my brother and me. They don’t act in the __2__ways that I read in books or I see on TV. In their opinion, “I love you” is too __3__ for them to say.Sending flowers to each other on Valentine’s Day is even more out of __4__.

One day, my mother was sewing a quilt. I sat down beside her. “Mom, I have a question to askyou. Is there __5__ between you and Dad?”I asked her in a very low voice. She didn’t answerimmediately. She __6__ her head and continued to sew the quilt.

I was very worried because I thought I had __7__ her. I was __8__ and I didn’t know what Ishould do. But at last I heard my mother say the following words:

“Susan,” she said thoughtfully, “look at this thread. Sometimes it __9__, but most of it disappearsin the quilt. The thread really makes the quilt __10__. If life is a quilt, then love should be a thread. Itcan hardly be seen __11__, but it’s really there. Love is __12__”

I listened carefully but I __13__ her until the next spring. At that time, my father suddenly __14__seriously. My mother had to stay with him in the hospital for a month. When they returned from thehospital, they both looked __15__. It seemed both of them had had a serious illness. After they wereback, every day in the morning and dusk, my mother helped my father __16__ on the country road.

“Dad, how are you feeling now?” I asked him one day.“Susan, don’t __17__ me.” he said gently. “To tell you the truth, I just like walking with your

mom.”__18__ his eyes, I know he loves my mother deeply.Once I thought love meant flowers, gifts and __19__. But from this experience, I understand that

love is just __20__ in the quilt of our life. Love is inside, making life strong and warm.1. A. keep fit B. rise early C. earn money D. collect money2. A. magic B. romantic C. fantastic D. attractive3. A. simple B. easy C. relaxing D. luxurious4. A. the question B. question C. reach D. control5. A. feeling B. love C. quarrel D. smile6. A. raised B. shook C. nodded D. bowed7. A. hurt B. injured C. wounded D. harmed8. A. in great surprise B. in a great embarrassmentC. with deep depression D. at extreme sorrow9. A. happens B. comes about C. appears D. occurs


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10. A. warm and soft B. hot and hardC. thin and cool D. strong and durable11. A. somewhere and sometime B. anywhere or anytimeC. more or less D. here and there12. A. inside B. outside C. faraway D. nearby13. A. could believe B. couldn’t understandC. wouldn’t recognize D. might know14. A. got sick B. got stuck C. threw up D. became disabled15. A. quite healthy B. very pale C. fairly red D. much surprised16. A. jump high B. go hurriedly C. run fast D. walk slowly17. A. think about B. talk with C. worry about D. laugh at18. A. Reading B. Seeing C. Saying D. Writing19. A. fresh roses B. gold ringC. sweet kisses D. beautiful jewelry20. A. a thread B. a needle C. the cloth D. the cotton

考点·书信写作

书信主要考查的是对信息的提取整理能力，并不注重复杂句式语法的运用。所以，在书信写

作中，考生需要注意认真读题，不要遗漏题干中给出的关键信息，或者在写作中偏离了题干信

息。此外，题干提供的信息较少时，需根据信件题材加以发挥，但注意内容的逻辑性和合理性。

1.书写格式

下面给大家介绍在考试中一般信件的格式主要组成部分：

（1）称呼（salutation），即写对收信人的尊称。称呼顶格：

个人：Dear Sir / Madam / Judy / Jack,机构：Dear Sir or Madam, / To whom it may concern, / To those concerned,专业：Dear Mr. Wang, / Dear Professor Wang, / Dear Editor Wang,（2）正文（body），即信件内的主要内容。正文首行缩进 2个字符即 4个英文字母的距离。

（3）信尾客套语(complimentary close)，即写信人在信的右（或左）下角，写上表示自己对

收信人一种礼貌客气的谦称。一般有 Sincerely; Sincerely yours; Yours sincerely; Friendly yours;Truly yours; Yours truly; Cordially yours; Yours cordially等。

（4）信尾签名（signature），即亲笔签上写信人自己的姓名。如果是用打字机或电脑写的

信，在写信人签名的上方，同样应该打上写信人的姓名。

2.书写款式

齐头式（Block Style）和折衷式（Semi-Block Style）。齐头式常在商贸、官方以及一些正式

的信件中使用，以显示信件内容的严肃性、真实性、可靠性。而折衷式则显得比较随便，主要用

于家人、朋友、私人之间来往的信件。如果两人之间不是第一次通信，相互比较了解，可以省略

信内的双方地址。

书信分类

1.私人信函（Private Letter）私人信函是一个宽泛的概念，既可以指公务信函以外的一切信函，也可以指与家人或朋友之

间互通信息、感情这一特定类型的信件。

2.公务信函（Official Correspondence）公务信函是现实生活中应用最广的一类，主要包括申请信、感谢信、邀请信、道歉信、建议

信等几大类，下面将分别进行介绍。


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（1）申请信（Letter of Application）①文体特点

申请信指当一个人想得到某种机会或某些东西时，往往通过申请信来请求。如申请留学，申

请援助或一份工作。申请信应简洁、明确、如实地反映你的才能、成绩、愿望和目标。申请信的

内容一般包括以下三个部分：申请的具体内容和缘由；自己的情况和条件；提出要求，如回信、

面试等等。

②文章布局

根据题目要求，第一段提出申请或请求，明确表达申请的意图。

I would like to apply for...I wish to...I have cherished the opportunity of... for many years.第二段可具体说明自身情况，诸如教育背景、工作经历、兴趣爱好、特长技能等。

第三段表达自己的愿望，如希望得到面试机会，或尽早得到回复。结尾最好表达出期望的心

情。

Looking forward to your reply.I shall be greatly appreciated.I would be grateful to you.I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.（2）感谢信（Letter of Thanks）①文体特点

感谢信是为了答谢对方的邀请、问候、关心、帮助等。

②文章布局

感谢信的写作内容主要包括：

第一段明确表示谢意。

I am writing to express my thanks for…I would like to show my sincere appreciation for…I am writing to show my gratitude for…第二段列举对方提供的帮助，说明该帮助所起的作用；或表达对所受物品的喜爱以及以后如

何使用及收藏等。

第三段再次表达感谢并问候对方。

Please accept my gratitude, now and always.I must thank you again for your generous help.I feel most obliged to thank you once more.（3）邀请信（Letter of Invitation）①文体特点

邀请信用来在日常生活中邀请亲朋好友和相关人士来参加某一活动或会议。

②文章布局

第一段开门见山写出主题，即邀请某人做……第二段提供主题，时间地点等细节信息。

第三段表达谢意和期待对方的回复。

（4）道歉信（Letter of Apology）①文体特点

道歉信主要用来表达歉意，解释原因，以及提出补救办法等。道歉信的写作要点包括：写信

目的，道歉缘由，提出补救措施等。


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②文章布局

第一段表明写信的目的，说明需要道歉的事件。

I am writing to you to express my apology for…I am writing to apologize for…Please accept my sincere apology for…I am very sorry to say that…第二段可具体说明道歉的事由。

It is probable that on this occasion the mistake was made due to…It is just because of…第三段再次表达歉意，希望得到对方的理解。

Please allow me to say sorry again.I am sorry for any inconvenience the matter has caused to you.Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.I assure the same thing will never happen again.（5）建议信（Letter of Suggestion）①文体特点

建议信是指向个人或机构提出合理的建议，并希望对方采纳，从而解决问题。建议信的写作

要点通常为：写信的目的，提供合理的建议，希望问题得到改善。注意在写作中，用词应委婉礼

貌，否则容易变成议论文。

②文章布局

根据题目要求，第一段点明身份，说明写信目的，提出一些建设性意见。

I am writing to express my views about…I recommend that…concerning the issue.Here is my suggestion for…I would like to share my view with you with regard to…第二段可具体说明情况，提出解决的办法。

It would be beneficial if…You may consider doing…If I were you, I would…第三段表达感谢和期盼。

I would appreciate it if you take my proposals into consideration.I hope you find these suggestions useful.Please take good consideration of my advice. Thank you.I am available to discuss with you about further details【经典例题】

假设你是李华，你的笔友 Peter给你发来一封电子邮件，信中讲述他和同学发生了冲突，心

情很不好。请你写一封邮件对他进行劝告。内容必须包含以下三个方面：

1. 介绍和同学产生冲突的不良影响。

2. 分析发生冲突的主要原因。

3. 谈谈应如何处理好同学们之间的关系。

注意：1. 词数：100词左右；

2. 文章的开头结尾已经给出，不计入总词数；

3. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Peter,


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I have received your e-mail saying that you conflicted with your classmate and is in a badmood._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I do hope my suggestions can be of help to you.Yours,Li Hua

中学

考点·定语从句

定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫作先行词，引导定

语从句的词叫关系词，它的作用：一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用；二是在从句中

担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。

1.关系代词的用法

（1）作主语用 who, which 和 that，如：

a. He is the man who / that lives next door.b. The train which / that has just left is for Shenzhen.（2）作宾语用 whom, who, which, that，如：

a. The man (whom / who / that) we have just seen is a famous writer.b. Where is the book (which / that) I bought last week?（3）作定语用 whose，如：

a. He is the man whose car was stolen last week.b. It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.（4）作表语只用 that，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如：

He is no longer the man that he used to be.This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.2.关系副词

（1）关系副词的用法

① when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：

time, day, morning, night, week, year如：I still remember the time when I first became a college student.Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?② where指地点，在从句中作地点状语，它的先行词通常有：

place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等如：This is the hotel where they are staying.I forget the house where the Smiths lived.③ why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有：

reason如：That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.（2）使用关系副词应注意下列几点：


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①三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which 结构：

when = on (in, at, during…) + which;where = in (at, on…) + which;why = for which.如：I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.②当先行词是表时间的 time, day等和表地点的 place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结

构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用 which 或 that，缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用

when或 where，试比较：

I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.③ when和 where 既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而 why只能

引导限制性定语从句。

3.连接词只用 that的情况：

（1）先行词为 all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词。

（2）先行词被 all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few 等修饰时。

（3）先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时。

（4）先行词既指人又指物时。

（5）先行词被 the only, the very修饰时。

（6）句中已经用 who 或 which时，为了避免重复。

4.连接词只用 which/ who/ whom的情况：

（1）在非限制性定语从句中，只能用 which 指代物，用 who / whom 指人。

（2）在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用 which 指物（“介词+ which”一般在

定语从句中分别作时间、地点、原因状语，于是“介词+ which”可以分别用 when / where / why 代

替），whom指人。

（3）先行词本身是 that时，关系词用 which，先行词为 those / one / he 时多用 who。5.定语从句注意事项

（1） whose 的先行词指物时，可用 of which 代替，但词序不同，即 whose+名词=the +n + ofwhich=of which + the + n.

He lives in the room whose window faces south.= He lives in the room, the window of which faces south.=He lives in the room, of which the window faces south.（2）当 point, situation, case, condition, stage (阶段)等词作先行词表示“情况、境地、场合”等

意思时，用 where 引导定语从句，where 在句中作状语。如：

I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him.（3）先行词是 the way，意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词用 that / in which 或省

略。如：

I didn’t like the way (that / in which) she talked to me.【经典例题】

Care of the soul is a gradual process _____ even the small details of life should be considered.A. what B. in what C. which D. in which


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考点·非谓语动词作定语的区别

1.不定式作定语

（1）不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语

动词所表示的动作之前。

She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.（2）如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系，在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的

介词。

Let’s first find a room to live in / put the things in.We have nothing to worry about. (= There is nothing for us to worry about.)2. -ing分词作定语

（1）-ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动

作正在进行，否则，要用从句作定语。

Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher?Did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this desk yesterday?The man shaking ( = who is now shaking ) hands with Mr. Li visited our class yesterday.★比较：

误：He is the man visiting our class yesterday.正：He is the man who visited our class yesterday.（2）单个的-ing 分词作定语一般前置，说明名词的性质、特征或用途等，-ing短语作定语

一般后置；强调动作的单个-ing分词也常后置。例：

a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping)a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping)the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there )The girl singing is my classmate.3. -ed分词作定语

-ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成的动作，-ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动

作，-ing分词的被动式则表示一个正在被进行的动作。例：

a developed/developing countryHe is a student loved by all the teachers.The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school.4.像定语从句一样，分词作定语也有非限制性的，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。

The students, wearing their school uniforms, marched into the playground.The substance, discovered almost by accident, has greatly changed the world.【经典例题】

When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _____ “Sorry to miss you; will calllater.”

A. read B.reads C. to read D. reading

考点·状语从句

1.时间状语从句

常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since, till, until特殊引导词： the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the instant, no sooner ... than,

hardly...when


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I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.2.目的状语从句

常用引导词：so that, in order that特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that, in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end thatThe boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.The teacher raised his voice for the purpose that the students in the back could hear him more

clearly.3.让步状语从句

常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though特殊引导词：as (用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装), while (一般用在句首), no matter..., in spite

of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whicheverMuch as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.【经典例题】

_____, she does get angry with him sometimes.A. Although much she loves her husbandB. Much although she loves her husbandC. As she loves her husbandD. Much as she loves her husband

考点·名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句（Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词

词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的

语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

种类作用常用关联词例句

主语从句

在复合句中作主语，相当

于名词，一般置于谓语之

前，也可用 it作形式主语，

主语从句放主句之后

that, whether, if,as if, as though,who, whose,which, how,when, where,why, what,whatever,whoever,wherever

Whether he will come or notdoesn’t matter much.Whoever comes here will bewelcomed.

表语从句在复合句中作表语，相当

于名词，位于系动词之后It looks as if it is going to snow.

宾语从句在复合句中作宾语，相当

于名词

He asked me which team couldwin the game.

同位语从句

放在名词之后 (news,problem, idea, suggestion,advice, thought, hope, fact等) 表明其具体内容

You have no idea how worried weare.The fact that he lied again greatlysurprised us.

1.主语从句

（1）三种连接词

①从属连词：that, whether等。

that引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能

省略。

That she left him cut him to the heart.


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That he will come is certain.由 whether及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句首，句后都可。

Whether it will please them is not easy to say.②连接代词 who, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever。What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.Which side will win is not clear.③连接副词 when, where, how, why等。

Why he did it remains a mystery.How he became a great scientist is known to us all.（2）位置：主语从句可以前置，也可以后置。用 it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末，

常用下面几种句型。

① It is still uncertain whether he is coming or not.It + be + 表语 + 主语从句表语：（名词、形容词、过去分词）

② It seemed (happened, doesn’t matter, has turned out) that…It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.It + 不及物动词 + 主语从句

③ It has been decided that the exhibition will not open on Sundays.It is expected that the house price in Beijing will fall down.It + 及物动词（被动语态）+ 主语从句

2.宾语从句

（1）由连接词 that引导的宾语从句

句子结构例句

主语+及物动词+that宾语从句（that可省略） James said (that) he was feeling better.主语+及物动词＋间接宾语＋that 宾语从句

（that作直接宾语，不可省略）

She told me that she would accept myinvitation.

主语+及物动词+并列 that宾语从句

（第一个分句前的 that 可省，第二个 that不可省）

I think (that) it will clear up thisafternoon and that they will come to saygoodbye to us.

主语+及物动词+to sb. + that从句 He explained to us that he had failed tocatch the first bus.

主语+及物动词+that+从句主语+ (should) +do 这类及物动词多表示要求、命令、建议、决

定等意义

I insist that she (should) do her workalone.

The commander ordered that troops(should) set off at once.

形容词+ that从句（作形容词的宾语） I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.it作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句 We felt it strange that she should leave

without saying good-bye.（2）主语+及物动词+连接代词/连接副词引导的宾语从句

I don’t know what they are looking for.None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序，即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。

（3）主语+及物动词+whether/if 引导的宾语从句，宾语从句要用陈述句语序，whether与 if引导宾语从句时一般可以互换使用。

Please let us know whether (if) they will come to our party.


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在 discuss, wonder / not sure和介词之后尽量用 whether, if与 whether含义容易混淆。

The board are discussing whether the fund should be allocated to that region.（4）宾语从句中的否定转移

若主句主语是第一人称，谓语动词为 think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。

I don’t think this dress fits you well. I don’t believe you will finish the work today.注：

①这种否定前移的宾语从句，在变成反意疑问句时，反意疑问句的主谓语要与从句一致。

I don’t think (that) he is interested in that thing, is he?②如果主句的主语是第二和第三人称时，它后面接的宾语从句的否定词通常不前移，它的反

意疑问句的主谓语应该与主句一致，即如果主句是肯定，反意疑问部分就用否定；如果主句是否

定，那么反意疑问部分就用肯定。

She thought that film was not interesting, didn’t she?You think you can’t get up, don’t you?3.表语从句

在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有 be, look, remain, seem等。

（1）引导表语从句的连接词：

连接词：that, whether（if不引导表语从句），as ifThe trouble is that she has lost his money.The question is whether we really need their help.It looked as if it was going to snow.连接代词：what, who, whom, which, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever等The question is which of us should go.The problem was who could do the work.That’s what he is worrying about.That’s what we should do.连接副词：when, where, why, how, however, whenever, whereverGo and get your coat. It's where you left it.That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.（2）表语从句其他常见结构

①The reason is that…The reason why he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.②That is because …That’s because we never thought of it.③That is why…That is why I cannot agree.④It seems / looks as ifIt seems as if he didn't know the answer.4.同位语从句

（1）一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。如：

I heard the news that our team had won.I had no idea that you were here.（2）常见的可以跟同位语从句的词（抽象名词）：


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news, idea, fact, promise, question, doubt, thought, hope, message, suggestion, word (消息 ),possibility等。如：

I’ve come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.（3）同位语从句与定语从句的区别:①同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，说明它前面名词的内容；属于名词性从句范畴。定

语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，限定前面名词范围，属于形容词性从句范畴。

The news that I have passed the exam is true.The news that he told me just now is true.②引导同位语从句的 that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成份，而引导定语从句的 that是关系

代词，除了起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。如：

The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.The idea that he gave surprised many people【经典例题】

_____ is troubling me is _____ I don’t understand _____ he said.A. What; that; what B. It; that; whatC. That; that; what D. What; that; which

考点·连词

1.连词分类

并列连词

作用主要连词

表并列关系and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor, as well

as, rather than 等

表选择关系 or, either…or等

表转折关系 but, yet, still, however, while (而), only (只不过)等

表因果关系 for, so, then (那么)等

从属连词

引导时间状语从句

after, before, when, whenever, while, as, until, till, since, assoon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant,immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner…than,hardly…when, every time, each time, (the) next time, any time,(the) last time, the first time 等

引导条件状语从句 if, unless, as / so long as, in case (万一)等

引导原因状语从句because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that), considering

(that), in that等

引导目的状语从句 in order that, so that, in case (免得), for fear that等

引导结果状语从句 so that, so…that, such…that等

引导让步状语从句although, though, even though, even if, while, however,

whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等

引导方式状语从句 as, like, as if, as though 等

引导地点状语从句 where, wherever等

引导比较状语从句 than, as…as等

http://baike.baidu.com/view/56536.htm


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引导名词性从句 that, if, whether等

2.连词用法辨析

① because, as, since, for的用法区别

a. because“因为”，表示原因的语气最强，可用来回答 why 提出的问题，常表示必然的因果

关系，从句一般放在主句后面；另外，可以引导表语从句，可用于强调句等，而其余三者则不行。

注意：because of后面跟名词或短语。如：

He is not at school today because he is seriously ill.（他今天没有上学因为他病得厉害。because后面加从句）

He is not at school today because of serious illness.（他今天没有上学因为他病得厉害。becauseof后面加名词）

b. as“因为”，表示一般的因果关系，语气比 because 弱，说明比较明显的原因，它引导的从

句可以放在句首也可以放在句尾。如：

As he wasn’t ready in time, we went without him.（因他未及时准备好，我们没等他就走了。）

c. since“既然”，表示对方已经知道、无需加以说明的原因或事实。如：

I will ask Lin Tao to go with me since you are very busy.（既然你很忙我就叫林涛和我一起去

吧。）

d. for“因为”，是并列连词（其余三者为从属连词），语气较弱，用来补充说明理由或提供

一种解释。如：

It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.（昨晚一定下过雨，你看今天

早上地面是湿的。）

② when, while, as的用法区别

a. while 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是可延续的，而 when 引导的时间状语从句的

谓语动词是可延续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词。如：

When / While he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring.When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. (不可以用 while)b. 从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用 when引导这个从句，不可用 as或 while。When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.c. 表示“随着……”，连词用 as，不用 when 或 while。如：

As the election approached, the violence got worse.③ if, whether的用法区别

a. 互换的场合

引导宾语从句表示“是否”时，两者常可互换。如：

He didn’t tell me if / whether he would come.（他没有告诉我他是否会来。）

b. 通常用 if的场合

★当引导一个否定的宾语从句时，通常用 if而不用 whether。如：

She asked me if Tom didn’t come.（她问我 Tom是不是没有来。）

★若是引导条件状语从句，则只能用 if（意为“如果”）。

c. 通常用 whether的场合

★引导主语从句且放在句首时。如：

Whether he will come is still a question.（他是否会来还是个问题。）

注：若在句首使用形式主语 it，而将主语从句放在句末，则有时也可用 if 来引导。如：

It was not known whether / if he would come.（不知他是否会来。）

★引导表语从句时。如：


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The question is whether we should go on with the work.（问题是我们是否应该继续进行这项工

作。）

★引导宾语从句且放在句首时。如：

Whether he is single I don’t know.（他是否单身，我不知道。）

★引导让步状语从句时。如：

Whether he agrees or not, I shall do that.（不管他同意与否，我都要那样做。）

★与 or连用分别引导两个从句时。如：

I don’t know whether he is wrong or she is wrong. 我不知道是他错了，还是她错了。

★用于不定式之前时。如：

I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry.（我真是哭笑不得。）

★用于介词之后时。如：

It depends on whether the letter arrives in time.（这取决于信是否来得及时。）

★直接与 or not 连用时。如：

I will write to you whether or not I can come.（我能不能来，我将写信告诉你。）

④ though, although的用法区别

a. 用作连词，表示“虽然”，两者大致同义，可换用，只是 although 比 though更为正式，此

时不与 but连用，但可与 yet, still等副词连用，如：

Though / Although they’re expensive, people buy them.（虽然它们很昂贵，人们还是买。）

b. though可用作副词，表示“然而”“不过”，通常用于句末。如：

She promised to phone. I heard nothing, though.（她答应要打电话来。可我没听到回信儿。）

c. 在 as though（好像，仿佛），even though（即使，纵然）等固定短语中，不能用 although代替 though。

d. 当 though用于倒装形式，它不能换成 although，但可换成 as。Try though / as I would, I could not make her change her mind.（不管我多努力，也不能让她改

变主意。）

3. rather than用法归纳

用法举例

rather than与 would连用表示心情，相当于

情态动词“而不愿”

would rather do sth than do sthwould do sth rather than do sthprefer to do sth rather than do

sth“宁愿……而不愿……”

She’d rather die thanlose the children. 她宁愿死

也不愿失去孩子们。

rather than 意为

“是……而不是……；与

其……倒不如说……”。它是连词，它前后的成

分在词性上应该一致，

它连接的并列成分可以

是名词、代词、形容词、

介词（短语）、动名词、

分句、不定式、动词等。

连接两个名词或代词

（注意：rather than 连接两个

名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应

与 rather than 前面的名词或代词

在人称和数上保持一致。）

He is an explorer ratherthan a sailor.

与其说他是一个海员，

不如说他是一个探险者。

You rather than I aregoing to go camping.

是你而不是我要去要

野营。

连接两个形容词

The sweater she boughtwas beautiful rather thancheap. 与其说她买的这件

羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。


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连接两个介词（短语）或动名

词

We will have themeeting in the classroomrather than in the great hall.我们是在教室里开会，不是

在大厅里。

She enjoys singingrather than dancing. 她喜欢

唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。

连接两个分句

We should help himrather than he should help us.是我们应该帮助他而不是

他应该帮助我们。

连接两个不定式

I decided to write ratherthan (to) telephone. 我决定

写信而不打电话。

【经典例题】

He failed in the exam not only _____ his laziness but also _____ he didn’t listen to the teacher.A. because; of B. because of; becauseC. as; for D. for; since

考点·倒装的用法

1.谓语的全部或部分（助动词或情态动词）放在主语之前的现象称为倒装。

种类倒装条件例句

完全倒装

here, there, up, down, in, out, off, away 等

副词开头的句子表示强调Out rushed the children.

表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首Under the tree stood two tables and fourchairs.

强调表语，置于句首，或为保持句子平

衡Present at the meeting were 1,000 students.

部分倒装

never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, notuntil, not等表示否定意义的副词放于句

首

Hardly did I know what had happened.

only和修饰的状语放于句首Only then did he realize the importance ofEnglish.

not only…but also 连接并列的句子，前

倒后不倒

Not only does he know French, but also he isexpert at it.

neither…nor…连接并列的句子，前后都

倒装Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it.

so…that, such…that中的 so或 such及修

饰的成分放于句首时前倒后不倒So busy is he that he cannot go on a holiday.

as引导的让步状语，把需要强调的部分

提前（如名词、动词、形容词、副词），

然后再加陈述句的其他部分

Child as he is, he has learned a lot.


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so, neither或 nor表示前句内容也适用于

另外的人或事He can play the piano. So can I.

用于表示祝愿的祈使句中 May you be in good health!省略 if的虚拟条件 Were I you, I would not do it in this way.

2.“so / nor / neither + 助动词/情态动词/系动词+ 主语”与“so / nor / neither + 主语+ 助动词/情态动词/系动词”

（1）“so / nor / neither + 助动词/情态动词/系动词 + 主语”表示前面说过的情况也适用于另

一个人或物时要部分倒装。如：

Peter can’t answer the question. Neither can I.（2）“so / nor / neither + 主语+ 助动词/情态动词/系动词”表示“确实……”，仅是对前面内容

的肯定或附和。如：

---The lights are still on in the classroom. You must have forgotten to turn them off.--- So I did.【经典例题】

_____ I like economics, I like sociology much better.A. As mush as B. So much C. How much D. Much as

考点·虚拟语气

if引导的虚拟条件句的结构

条件从句结构主句结构

与现在事实相反If +主语+动词过去式

（be 动词用 were）主语 + should / would /

could / might +动词原形

与过去事实相反 If +主语+had +过去分词主语 + should / would /

could / might + have +过去分词

与将来事实相反

If +主语+动词过去式

If +主语+ were to +动词原形

If +主语+ should +动词原形

主语 + should / would /could / might + 动词原形

【经典例题】

If it _____ possible, I would have helped him, but I was too busy.A. is B. was C. were D. had been

考点·语法填空

语法填空题在考试当中考查的是考生的词汇量、词汇正确运用以及文章主旨大意的把握。所

填单词以考查实词为主。一共有十个空，常考题型主要包括根据汉语或英文单词填写出英文的正

确形式（简单），根据首字母填写正确的单词（难度一般），第三种是既没有汉语提示也没有首

字母提示（较难）。文章篇幅长度为 200词左右。题材开放多样。

1.解题技巧

根据题型的特点说明，我们总结出以下几个答题技巧：

填词三部曲

（1）确定词

解答给汉语提示的单词拼写题时，切忌不考虑句意简单翻译，汉语和英语在互译时并不是永

远能一一对等的。

（2）确定词性

分析应填词担任的句子成分，正确判断所缺单词的词性。


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（3）确定词形

正确、工整、清楚地拼写出所填单词正确形式。

2.找搭配信息

（1）对于首字母提示和语境提示的空格：如何判断其意义及词性，关键看搭配，重点找已

知信息。搭配包括：主谓搭配，动宾搭配，前置定语（形容词、动词分词）+名词或名词+后置

定语（形容词，动词分词，介宾短语或者定语从句），谓语+状语（副词），副词修饰形容词等

等。空格前后的已知信息词决定着空格词的词性。

（2）汉语提示题相对简单：大部分我们可以根据汉语提示直接写出答案。但需特别注意的

是有时题中给出我们的意思能够理解，但词性的选择和单词的选择还是需要根据具体的搭配信息

确定。而且中文往往是模糊的，与之相近的意思的单词或许不止一个词。这时更需要我们根据文

中已知信息来确定。

3.核查答案

所有空格都给出答案之后要将全文通读一遍，核查答案填写是否符合文章大意，检查单词拼

写是否正确。

【经典例题】

AGood Luck Always Comes With Hard Work

It is hard work rather than luck that brings people success. Those __1__ are considered to havemade great success must have been working hard __2__ (achieve) their goal and their success can alsobenefit others.

Some people argue that one can’t succeed __3__ he works very hard. There are many examples toshow that success __4__ (come) from hard work. One example is __5__ Madam Curie had beenworking all day and all night __6__ she made the great discovery of radium.

Other people think that luck and opportunity are __7__ (important) than hard work. They arguethat even if one works hard, he can’t succeed __8__ luck and opportunity. For example, the film star,Zhang Ziyi, could never be famous if she was not given a chance to play a role in the film.

I think that __9__ hard work and good luck are important. If one wants to be __10__ (success), hehas to work hard on one hand and he has to seize the opportunity and luck on the other. These twofactors are essential for one’s success.

BMany of us were raised with the saying“Waste not, want not.”. None of us, 1_____, can

completely avoid waste in our lives.Any kind of waste is thoughtless. Whether we waste our potential talents, our own time, our

limited natural 2_____ (资源), our money, or other people’s time, each of us can become more awareand careful. The smallest good habits can make a big 3_____. It’s a good feeling to know in our heartswe are doing our 4 b_____ in a world that is in serious trouble. By focusing on 5_____ (节省 ) oil,water, paper, food, and clothing, we are playing a part 6_____ cutting down on waste.

We must keep reminding 7_____(自己) that it is easier to get into something 8_____ it is to getout of it. Actually, severe damage 9 d_____ to our land is fairly recent in the history of our evolution.It’s time for us to 10_____ no to waste so that our grandchildren’s children will be able to develop well.We can’t solve all the problems of waste, but we can encourage mindfulness.

Waste not!


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考点·阅读理解

1.重点题型中的几个问题：

（1）词汇题：字面意思不是答案，要根据上下文推测其深刻含义。

（2）句子理解题：一般不要求推理，只看句子本身。

（3）推理题：答案很大程度上是原文的重现，不一定非要经过逻辑推理从原文中得出。

2.正确答案的特征：

（1）正确答案经常与中心思想有关。

（2）正确答案的位置，最常见的三个位置是：段首段尾处、转折处、因果处。

（3）正确答案经常运用的原则是：同义替换、正话反说、反话正说。

（4）从语气角度来看，正确答案中经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的用词。如：can, may,might, possible, not necessarily, some.

（5）正确答案经常具有概括性、深刻性，不能“只见树木不见森林”。3.错误答案的特征：

（1）第一大层次：

①无中生有（未提及的概念）；

②正反混淆（选项的意思跟原文的意思正好相反）；

③所答非所问（虽然选项的说法没有问题，符合原文，但和题干搭不上边）。

（2）第二大层次：

①过分绝对；

②扩大范围（注意隐蔽型的扩大范围 mostly）；

③因果倒置；

④常识判断；

⑤推得过远；

⑥偏离中心；

⑦变换词性。

（3）常识判断：如果一个选项仅仅符合常识，不一定是正确答案，还要看文章中类似的意

思有没有出现；如果一个选项不符合常识，一定不是正确答案。

【经典例题】

AAbout twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio (影棚) to take

part in a crowd-scene. Although our “act” would last only for a short time, we could see quite a numberof interesting things.

We all stood at the far end of the studio as workmen prepared the scene, setting up trees at theedge of a winding path.Very soon, bright lights were turned on and the big movie-camera was wheeledinto position. The director shouted something to the camera operator and then went to speak to the twofamous actors nearby. Since it was hot in the studio, it came as a surprise to us to see one of the actorsput on a heavy overcoat and start walking along the path. A big fan began blowing tiny white feathersdown on him, and soon the trees were covered in “snow”. Two more fans were turned on, and a “strongwind” blew through the trees. The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold.

The next scene was a complete contrast(对比).The way it was filmed was quite unusual. Picturestaken on an island in the Pacific were shown on a glass screen. An actor and actress stood in front ofthe scene so that they looked as if they were at the water’s edge on an island. By a simple trick like this,palm trees, sandy beaches, and blue, clear skies had been brought into the studio!


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Since it was our turn next, we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us. For a fullthree minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film “Stars”!

1. Who is the author?A. A cameraman. B. A film director.C. A crowd-scene actor D. A workman for scene setting2. What made the author feel cold?A. The heavy snowfall. B. The man-made scene.C. The low temperature. D. The film being shown.3. What would happen in the “three minutes” mentioned, in the last paragraph?A. A new scene would be filmed. B. More stars would act in the film.C. The author would leave the studio. D. The next scene would be prepared.

BA serious problem for today’s society is who should be responsible for our elderly and how to

improve their lives. It is not only a financial problem but also a question of the system we want for oursociety. I would like to suggest several possible solutions to this problem.

First, employers should take the responsibility for their retired employees. To make this possible,a percentage of profits should be set aside for this purpose. But when a company must take life-longresponsibility for its employees, it may suffer from a commercial disadvantage due to higher employeecosts.

Another way of solving the problem is to return the responsibility, to the individual. This meanseach person must save during his working years to pay for his years of retirement. This does not seem avery fair model since some people have enough trouble paying for their daily life without trying to earnextra to cover their retirement years.This means the government might have to step in to care for thepoor.

In addition, the government could take responsibility for the care of the elderly. This could befinanced through government taxes to increase the level of pensions. Furthermore, some in situationsshould be created for senior citizens, which can help provide a comfortable life for them. Unfortunately,as the present situation in our country shows, this is not a truly viable answer. The government canseldom afford to care for the elderly, particularly when it is busy trying to care for the young.

One further solution is that the government or social organizations establish some working placesespecially for the elderly where they are independent.

To sum up, all these options have advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is reasonable toexpect that some combination of these options may be needed to provide the care we hope to give toour elderly generations.

1. What is the passage mainly about?A. The problems faced by the old in society.B. Why we should take responsibility for the old?C. How we can improve the lives of the old?D. Where the old can go to get their pensions?2. According to the passage, how can the government help to improve the lives of retired people?A. Set aside some profits to help people with problems after they retire.B. Increase savings levels of people during their working years.C. Increase the discounts for food and transport for the old.D. Make available pensions for those who have retired.


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3. The underlined word “viable” in the fourth paragraph most probably means “_____”.A. impossible B. practical C. useful D. successful4. What can be concluded from the passage?A. Taking care of the old is mainly an issue of money.B. Employers should allow their workers to retire at a later age.C. Becoming independent should be the goal of most old people.D. There is no single solution to the problems of the old.

CWalt Disney is credited for creating such wonderful things as Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse.

However, he cannot take the credit for creating other well-loved characters, such as Cinderella andSnow White. They are almost automatically associated with Disney because Disney turned old fables(寓言) into cartoon movies.

The original Cinderella varies very much from the Disney version we know today. It started offwith the girl mourning her mother’s death and going to her tomb three times a day. In addition, therewere only birds that helped Cinderella; there was no such thing as a fairy godmother or helpful mice,nor was there mention of a horse and carriage.

The stepsisters were cruel: they always threw Cinderella’s food into the ashes of the fire and madeher sleep on the ashes on the floor, hence (因此) her name.

In the original story, the king’s ball actually lasted for three days. With the help of the birds, thegirl, beautifully dressed, danced with the prince on all three nights and the prince fell in love with her.However, she broke away from him to rush back home each night. On the last night, the prince placedsoothing sticky on the stairs; as Cinderella made her escape, a shoe got stuck on it.

Here now is where the story becomes unpleasant: when the prince went to the house looking forthe girl whose foot fit the shoe, the wicked (邪恶的) stepmother told one of her two daughters to cutoff her big toe to fit into the shoe. The daughter did as told. So the prince took her away to be his bride.But when they passed the tomb of Cinderella’s mother, the birds called out to the prince, “Turn andpeep, there’s blood in the shoe; the shoe is too small, the true bride waits for you.”

Realizing he had been tricked, the prince returned the daughter to her mother. The other then hadto cut off part of her heel in order to fit into the shoe, with the same result. Only Cinderella’s foot fitperfectly and so the prince chose to marry her. The story ends with the wedding day: as Cinderella’stwo stepsisters followed her, pretending to be devoted to her so that they could enjoy the king’s riches,two birds flew by and plucked (啄) out their eyes. Because of their wickedness and falsehood, they hadto spend the rest of their days blind.

The original Cinderella is so different from the Disney version. Thank goodness Disney madesuch changes; it indeed was a wise move.

1. What does the underlined word “They” in the first paragraph refer to?A. Such wonderful things. B. Other well-loved characters.C. Old fables. D. Cartoon movies.2. How did Cinderella get her name?A. The birds came up with it. B. It was given by Disney.C. It came from the word “ash”. D. She got it from her mother.3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the original story?A. Helpful mice got Cinderella a beautiful dress.B. The ball was held to celebrate the prince’s wedding.


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C. Cinderella left her shoe on the stairs on purpose.D. The birds told the prince that he had been cheated.4. The moral of the original story is that ______.A. a wicked person cannot escape punishment.B. a devoted person certainly deserves respect.C. a well-behaved child earns a great reward.D. a dishonest child cannot get mother love.5. What does the author think of the Disney version?A. Excellent B. Ordinary C. Dull D. Ridiculous


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第三部分教材教法

考点·教学设计

教学设计部分的考题是需要撰写一篇教案或者撰写教案的部分要素，一个教案的基本结构包

含以下要点：

Teaching Topic:Teaching Content:Teaching Objectives:Teaching Key Points:Teaching Difficult Points:Teaching Procedures:……Blackboard Design:

小学

教学设计一

根据下面所提供的教学材料，设计一个课时的教案。请分析文本，确立教学目标，设计教

学活动，并在恰当之处辅以设计意图说明。中英文皆可。

Kate doesn’t feel well today. She can’t go to school. She calls her teacher, Miss Liu.Kate: May I speak to Miss Liu, please?Miss Liu: This is Liu speaking.Kate: Good morning, Miss Liu. This is Kate. I am ill today. I have a headache.Miss Liu: Oh dear! Do you have a cold?Kate: Yes. I have a bad cold. So I can’t go to school today.Miss Liu: Don’t worry about your lessons. You should go to see a doctor.Kate: Yes. My mum will take me to the hospital.Miss Liu: Take good care of yourself.Kate: Thank you.


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教学设计二

请根据所提供的小学英语五年级教学内容，依据英语课程标准和语言学习规律，分析教学

重难点，按照新课导入、知识呈现、联系巩固、拓展延伸等具体环节设计一个课时的教案。中英

文皆可。

教学材料：Let’s learnwords: his dog-his; her dog-hers; their dog-theirs; Zoom’s dog; my dog-mineIt’s our dog.The dog is ours.Look! That’s my dog!Yes! It’s your dog.The dog is yours.


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中学

教学设计一

请你根据下面所提供的阅读教学材料，设计一个课时的教案。需要分析文本，确立教学目标，设

计教学活动，并在恰当之处辅以设计意图说明。中英文答题皆可。

教学材料：

Over time I have been changed quite a lot. I began as a calculating machine in France in 1642.Although I was young I could simplify difficult sums. I developed very slowly and it took nearly twohundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage. After I wasprogrammed by an operator who used cards with holes, I could “think” logically and produce ananswer quicker than any person.At that time it was considered a technological revolution and the startof my “artificial intelligence”. In 1936 my real father, Alan Turing, wrote a book about how I could bemade to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem. From then on, Igrew rapidly both in size and in brainpower. By the 1940s I had grown as large as a room, and Iwondered if I would grow any longer. However, this reality also worried my designers. As time wentby, I was made smaller. First as a PC (personal computer) and then as a laptop, I have been used inoffices and homes since the 1970s.

These changes only became possible as my memory improved. First it was stored in tubes, then ontransistors and later on very small chips. As a result I totally changed my shape. As I have grown olderI have also grown smaller. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I neverforget anything I have been told! And my memory became so large that even I couldn’t believe it! But Iwas always so lonely standing there by myself, until in the early 1960s they gave me a familyconnected by a network. I was able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide Web.


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教学设计二

请你根据下面所提供的听力教学材料，设计一个课时的教案。需要分析文本，确立教学目标，设

计教学活动，并在恰当之处辅以设计意图说明。中英文答题皆可。

Frank: Hi, Bob. How is your day?Bob: It’s OK. I like Monday because I have P.E. and history. They’re my favorite subjects.Frank: Who’s your P.E. teacher?Bob: Mr. Hu. He always plays games with us.Frank: That’s great! But do you like history? It’s boring.Bob: Oh. I think history is interesting. What’s your favorite day?Frank: Friday.Bob: Why?Frank: Because the next day is Saturday.Bob: Haha! That’s for sure. I like Fridays too.


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第四部分模拟卷

小学

一、单项选择（共 10题，每小题 1分，满分 10分）

1. We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs _____ to achieve the final success.A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do2. Don’t worry. The hard work that you do now _____ later in life.A. will be repaid B. was being repaidC. has been repaid D. was repaid3. Time, _____ correctly, is money in the bank.A. to use B. used C. using D. use4. Bicycling is good exercise; _____, it does not pollute the air.A. nevertheless B. besides C. otherwise D. therefore5. On the morning of October 12, 1492, Christopher Columbus and his crew came to the shores of

the Caribbean islands, mistakenly believing they _____ in Southeast Asia.A. arrived B. had arrived C. has arrived D. would arrive6. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn’t matter _____ you have lived there for a short

or a long time.A. why B. how C. whether D. when7. “The moment _____ soon,” he thought to himself, waiting nervously.A. came B. has tome C. was coming D. is coming8. _____ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.A. While B. Once C. If D. Until9. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.A. have had B. had had C. have D. had10. It was not until I came here _____ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but

also its weather.A. who B. that C. where D. before二、完形填空（共 20题，每小题 0.5分，满分 10分）

Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住 )customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, __11__, words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Oncecompanies have attracted customers they often __12__ the second half of the story. In the__13__ ofbeating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managerstend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business—__14__ thatthe customer remains a customer.

__15__ to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts ofmoney annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its__16__ every years. In constantly changing __17__, this is not surprising. What is surprising is the factthat few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.

Only now are organizations beginning to __18__ those lost opportunities and calculate the__19__implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big__20__ in itsperformance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失

的) customers led to __21__ increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.


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In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over tenyears. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and __22__ neverreturns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in __23__ profits (more if you consider how manypeople they are likely to tell about their bad experience).

The logic behind cultivating customer __24__ is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to __25__ them”, saysAdrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a closerelationship between __26__ customers and making profits. __27__ customers tend to buy more, arepredictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price__28__, and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it __29__for competitors to enter a market or increase their __30__ of a market.

11. A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D. first of all12. A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe13. A. excitement B. sorrow C. decision D. performance14. A. denying B. ensuring C. arguing D. proving15. A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing16. A. shops B. guests C. opportunities D. customers17. A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses18. A. look forward to B. gave in to C. devote to D. wake up to19. A. cultural B. social C. financial D. economical20. A. promise B. plan C. mistake D. difference21. A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D. budget22. A. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary23. A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable24. A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D. interest25. A. affecting B. understanding C. keeping D. attracting26. A. introducing B. analyzing C. searching D. retaining27. A. Assumed B. Respected C. Established D. Unexpected28. A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D. sensitive29. A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D. convenient30. A. share B. goods C. stresses D. progress三、阅读理解（共 15题，每小题 2分，满分 30分）

AIt was a village in India. The people were poor. However, they were not unhappy. After all, their

forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries.Then one day, some visitors from the city arrived. They told the villagers there were some people

elsewhere who liked to eat frog’s legs. However, they did not have enough frogs of their own, and sothey wanted to buy frogs from other places.

This seemed like money for nothing. There were millions of frogs in the fields around, and theywere no use to the villagers. All they had to do was catch them. Agreement was reached, and thechildren were sent into the fields to catch frogs. Every week a truck arrived to collect the catch andhand over the money. For the first time, the people were able to dream of a better future. But the dreamdidn’t last long.


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The change was hardly noticed at first, but it seemed as if the crops were not doing so well. Moreworrying was that the children fell ill more often, and, there seemed to be more insects around lately.

The villagers decided that they couldn’t just wait to see the crops failing and the children gettingweak. They would have to use the money earned to buy pesticides(杀虫剂) and medicine. Soon therewas no money left.

Then the people realized what was happening. It was the frog. They hadn’t been useless. They hadbeen doing an important job — eating insects. Now with so many frogs killed, the insects wereincreasing more rapidly. They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases.

Now, the people are still poor. But in the evenings they sit in the village square and listen tosounds of insects and frogs. These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning.

31. From paragraph 1, we learn that the villagers _____.A. worked very hard for centuriesB. dreamed of having a better lifeC. were poor but somewhat contentD. lived a different life from their forefathers32. Why did the villagers agree to sell frogs?A. The frogs were easy money.B. They need money to buy medicine.C. They wanted to please the visitors.D. The frogs made too much noise.33. What can we infer from the last sentence of the text?A. Happiness comes from peaceful life in the country.B. Health is more important than money.C. The harmony between man and nature is important.D. Good old days will never be forgotten.

BAcademy Awards. The Academy Awards are the most prominent (突出的 ) film award in the

United States. The Awards are granted by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. AcademyAwards are nicknamed “Oscars”, which is also the nickname of the statuette (小雕像 ). The name issaid to have been born when Margaret Herrick saw the statuette on a table and said, “It looks just likemy uncle Oscar!”

Berlin Film Festival. One of the “A” festivals in Europe. The Berlin International Film Festival,also called the “Berlinale”, is held annually in February and started 1951 after an initiative of theAmerican, who occupied part of the city after World War II. The jury (专家评奖团 ) always placedspecial emphasis on representing films from all over the world, from the former Eastern Bloc (集团)countries as well as from western countries. The awards are called Golden and Silver Bears (as the bearis the symbol of Berlin).

Venice Film Festival. The Venice Film Festival takes place every year in late August/earlySeptember on the Lido in the historic Palazzo del Cinema, in Venice, Italy. Its main award is the“Leone d’Oro” (Golden Lion). Recently, a new award has been added, the San Marco Award for thebest film.

Cannes Film Festival. The Cannes Film Festival is a famous international film festival. It has beenheld annually in Cannes, in the south of France, since 1946 with a few exceptions. Given massivemedia exposure, the festival is attended by many movie stars and is a popular venue for movie


44

producers to launch their new films and attempt to sell their works to the distributors who come fromall over the globe.

The most famous award given out at Cannes is the “Palme d’Or” (Golden Palm) for the best film;this is sometimes shared by multiple films in one year.

34. Which Award(s) can be shared by multiple films in one year?A. Golden Lion. B. Academy Awards.C. Golden Palm. D. San Marco Award.35. Which of the following statements about “Oscars” is not true?A. It’s the nickname of Academy Awards.B. It’s also the nickname of the statuette.C. It got its name because Margaret said the statuette looked like his uncle.D. It’s an award in France.36. Why is the Awards for Berlin Film Festival called “Golden and Silver Bears”?A. It looks like a bear. B. It is made up of bear fur.C. The bear is the symbol of Berlin. D. The bear is rare in Berlin.

CMost young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling or swimming,

or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be a game of some kind of football, hockey, golf, or tennis, it maybe mountaineering.

Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon withastonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks on highmountains? This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and otherforms of activity to which men give their leisure.

Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as there’re for suchgames as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of a different kind which it would be dangerousto ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to manypeople. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods. If we compare mountaineeringwith other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a“team game”. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no “matches” between “teams” ofclimbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend on,there is obviously teamwork.

The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerfulthan man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.

A mountain climber continues to improve on skill year after year. A skier is probably past his bestby the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties. But it is notunusual for a man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more timethan younger men, but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of effort, and they certainlyexperience equal enjoyment.

37. Mountaineering is a sport, which involves ______.A. hardship B. physical risk C. cold D. all of the above38. The main difference between a sport and a game lies in ______.A. uniform B. rules C. activity D. skills39. Mountaineering is also a team sport because ______.A. it involves rules


45

B. it involves matches between teamsC. it requires mental and physical qualitiesD. mountaineers depend on each other while climbing40. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Mountaineers compete against each other.B. Mountaineers compete against other teams.C. Mountaineers compete against nature.D. Mountaineers compete against international standards.

DSome years ago, I was caught in a sudden, blinding snowstorm near Indiana, Pennsylvania. My

car stalled at the edge of town. I walked into town and into the nearest store. The shop owner phonedfor help to get my car out of the deep snow.

In a short time, a tall blond man showed up with a team of horses and pulled my car out of thesnow into town. I asked him how much I owed him for his trouble. He refused any pay, saying, “I willcharge you nothing but the promise that you will help the next man you find in trouble.” I thanked himand made the promise.

After he left, the storekeeper explained that the guy who had helped me was a Mennonite (孟诺派

教徒) who considered it wrong to charge anyone for a service made necessary by an act of God.Four years later, a friend and I were driving over flooded land south of St. Louis, Missouri. We

crossed through water a foot deep without difficulty, but through my rear view mirror, I could see thatthe small car behind us was in trouble. I walked back with difficulty in the water while my companionturned the car around so I could hook up onto his car with chains.

We pulled the car out and waited until he got his engine started. Then he offered to pay me. I toldhim of my experience in Indiana, Pennsylvania, then repeated the Mennonite’s words: “I will chargeyou nothing but the promise that you will help the next man you find in trouble.” He promised, and weparted.

About a year later, my family and I were camping about a hundred miles from Aurora, Missouri.We put up our tents near the James River. We’d been told that it never flooded at that time of the year.However, the river evidently misread the calendar. I woke up in the middle of the night with a very coldback from water deep enough to cover the canvas bed. We loaded our wet equipment into our car, butwe were unable to drive it to higher ground. I walked to an inn some distance from our camping spotand asked the innkeeper if he could get help to pull us out.

Shortly afterwards, a farmer showed up with a tractor and a long rope and pulled us to safe ground.When I offered to pay him, he told me of a man who had helped him get his tractor out of the mud andthen said: “I will charge you nothing but the promise that you will help the next man that you find introuble.”

I had never imagined that a man’s act of kindness could have traveled so far and wide.41. What is the message of this story?A. Kindness can spread from person to person.B. Experiences of the author in different places.C. How kind American people are.D. How much the author liked sight-seeing when he was young.42. From whom did the author first learn the statement “I will charge you nothing but the promise

that you will help the next man you find in trouble”?


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A. A tractor driver in Indiana B. A car driver in MissouriC. A shopkeeper in Pennsylvania D. Aman in Pennsylvania43. What does the word “stalled” (in the first paragraph) probably mean?A. Parked B. Trapped C. Damaged D. Ran short of gas44. What can you infer about the character of the author?A. Humorous B. Wicked C. Honest D. Suspicious45. What’s the tone of this essay?A. Humorous B. Ironic C. Pessimistic D. Positive四、语法填空（共 10题，每小题 1分，满分 10分）

The Nobel Peace Prize was awarded Friday to India’s Kailash Satyarthi and Pakistan’s MalalaYousafzai for their struggles __46__ the suppression (压迫) of children and for young people's rights,__47__ (include) the right to education.

Yousafzai came to __48__ (globe) attention after she __49__ (shoot) in the head by the Talibantwo years ago for her efforts __50__ (promote) education for girls in Pakistan.

Through her heroic struggle, Yousafzai has become a leading spokeswoman for girls’ rights toeducation. According to the Nobel committee, at 17 she’s the __51__ (young) ever peace prizewinner.“I’m proud that I’m the first Pakistani and the first young woman or the first young person__52__ gets this award,” she said in Birmingham, England.

She doesn’t believe that she deserves the award but considers __53__ an encouragement tocontinue her campaign and to know that she isn’t __54__.

Awarding the Peace Prize to a Pakistani Muslim and an Indian Hindu __55__ (give) a message topeople of love between Pakistan and India, and between different religions.

五、书面表达（满分 20分）

56.请你以“How can students try smarter?”为标题，写一篇词数不少于 150词的英语短文。

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

六、教学设计（满分 20分）

57.根据下面所提供的教学材料，设计一个课时的教案。请分析文本，确立教学目标，设计

教学活动，并在恰当之处辅以设计意图说明。中英文皆可。

教学材料

Read and writeRobin’s play

Robin is in a play. He is Robinson Crusoe. Here is a letter from him.My name is Robinson. I live on an island. I always get up early every day. I wash my face, and


47

then I eat breakfast. Sometimes I clean my cave, too.I often go swimming in the water. In the afternoon, I play sports with my friend. His name is

Friday.Friday is good at sports. He often wins.


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中学

一、完形填空（共 15小题，每小题 1分，满分 15分）

Whenever I felt disappointed I often thought of what my mother had said to me, “Everythinghappens for the best. If you __1__, one day something good will happen. And you'll realize that itwouldn’t have happened if not for that previous __2__.”

As it __3__, mother was right. In 1932, I ended my college life. __4__ that, I had decided to tryfor a job in radio, and then could work my way up to sports announcer. I went to Chicago and knockedon the door of every __5__－and got turned down every time. In one station, a __6__ lady told me thatbig stations couldn’t risk hiring a person who lacked __7__.“Go to small town and find a little stationthat will give you a chance,” she said. I then __8__ to Dixon. While there was no radio-announcingjobs in Dixon, my father said Montgomery Ward had opened a store and wanted an athlete to __9__ itssports department. Since Dixon was where I had played high school football, I applied. The jobsounded just right for me. But I wasn’t __10__.

My disappointment must have __11__.“Everything happens for the best,” Mom reminded me.Dad offered me one car for me to job hunt. I __12__ WOC Radio in Davenport. The program __13__,a wonderful Scotsman named Peter MacArthur, told me they had already __14__ a contract withanother announcer.

As I left his office, my frustration boiled over. I asked aloud, “How can a fellow get to be a sportsannouncer if he can’t get a job in a radio station?” I was waiting for the elevator when i heardMacArthur calling, “What was that you said about sports? Do you know anything about football?”Then he asked me to broadcast an imaginary game before a microphone.

I often __15__ what direction my life might have taken if I’d gotten the job at Montgomery Wardand if I didn’t persist.

1. A. go on B. hold up C. look on D. stay up2. A. successes B. disappointments C. lives D. results3. A. carried out B. looked out C. figured out D. turned out4. A. Since B. After C. Before D. During5. A. firm B. station C. store D. school6. A. beautiful B. kind C. strict D. cruel7. A. money B. knowledge C. appearance D. experience8. A. walked B. saw C. added D. turned9. A. run B. buy C. sell D. show10. A. fired B. employed C. fitted D. satisfied11. A. disappeared B. fallen C. shown D. responded12. A. visited B. tried C. passed D. poured13. A. boss B. singer C. photographer D. director14. A. signed B. assigned C. designed D. resigned15. A. doubted B. wondered C. intended D. expected二、阅读理解（共 15小题，每小题 2分，满分 30分）

ALook closely at your hands-are they clean? It doesn’t matter how many times you wash your

hands. They’re still crowded with microbes, which are also called germs or bacteria. Microbes areeverywhere. But don’t worry-most microbes don’t harm you, and many actually help you stay alive.


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Now, scientists say the microbes that live on our hands could be useful in a surprising way:fighting crime.

When police visit the scene of the crime, they often look for fingerprints to try to identify thecriminal. But according to a recent study, investigators could even use microbes to help break acriminal case.

Everyone has his or her own set of microbes that live on their hands, according to scientists at theUniversity of Colorado. That means a mix of different kinds of microbes on everyone’s hand isunique-much like one’s fingerprint.

The scientists wanted to know whether the microbe mix could be used as a new kind offingerprint-especially in a crime scene where fingerprints might be hard to find. And policemen useforensics such as studying fingerprints to identify the criminal.

“Microbe fingerprints are harder to hide,” said Noah Fierer, one of the scientists. “You can’tsterilize a surface just by wiping it off.”

His team compared the bacteria on the hands of 273 people to the bacteria found on each person’scomputer keyboard. For the study, the keyboard had been used only by the people who were beingtested. The study showed that the mix of microbes from each person’s hands matched the mix ofmicrobes on that person’s keyboard. The scientists were easily able to tell the 273 people apart-just bylooking at their keyboards.

But there are a lot more than 273 criminals. Other scientists wonder whether the microbefingerprint can nearly be that useful.

Fierer agrees that scientists have a lot more work to do before the microbe fingerprint will be auseful tool.

16. According to the passage, microbes on people hands _____.A. do more harm than good B. are easy to get rid ofC. are almost the same D. might help solve crimes17. The underlined word “forensics” in Paragraph 5 probably refers to _____.A. a new kind of fingerprint B. the scientific test used by policeC. a kind of bacteria in people’s hands D. a kind of newly invented keyboard18. What did Fierer’s team find through the study?A. They could tell who had used which computerB. They found the criminal among the 273 peopleC. Computer keyboard couldn’t help people’s microbe fingerprintsD. People’s hands could be identified by the keyboards they used19. We can learn from the passage that _____.A. your microbe will give you awayB. scientists will reach a clear conclusion soonC. many scientists think microbe fingerprint uselessD. the microbe fingerprint has been used in many cases20. The passage is mainly about _____.A. the importance of fingerprints B. how to clean our handsC. the usefulness of microbes D. different germs on our hands

BThe following are some famous beaches in America that you can’t miss.Coast Guard Beach—Massachusetts


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For a classical coastal vacation, head to Coast Guard Beach, which has boundless miles of sand.Stop at the Salt Pond Visitor Center to learn about free programs, such as family campfire nights, beachyoga and fishing lessons. Take a ride along the 24-mile bike path or boat through undamaged wetland.The beach has lifeguards, showers and changing rooms. In town, Clam Bar serves children’s meals andhas an 18-hole miniature golf course.

Coopers Beach —New YorkWith the rich and famous along, this wide white-sand beach is a true Hamtons treasures. A tour

along Coopers Beach offers the unique view of a seemingly endless Atlantic on one side and historicbuildings on the other. The gently sloping (倾斜的 ) beach has lifeguards, a snack bar, chair andumbrella rentals, and a summer concert series. Allow time for shopping in town on ancient, tree-linedstreets like Jobs Lane.

Hanalei Bay Beach —HawaiiThe slow pace of life at Hanalei Bay on Kauai's north shore makes this two-mile-long, half-moon

beach at the foot of green mountains and waterfalls the perfect place to stop and step into the sunshine.Beachgoers can swim, body board and learn to surf in summer's calmer waters. In the town of Hanalei,a five-minute walk from the beach, you'll find surf stores, gift shops and so on.

Santa Cruz Bach—CaliforniaHome to the last of the great seaside amusement parks on the West Coast, the Santa Cruz Beach

Boardwalk is family-friendly and feature rides for children of; ill ages and live music events during thesummer. Cowell’s Beach, just north of the main beach, provides some of the best conditions forlearning to surf on the West Coast. Climb aboard a Roaring Camp Railroads train, which picks uppassengers on the boardwalk and takes them into the forest of Henry Cowell Redwoods State Park.

21. If your children are interested in golf, which of the following destinations would be the bestchoice for you?

A. Coast Guard Beach. B. Coopers Beach.C. Hanalei Bay Beach. D. Santa Cruz Beach.22. From the passage, we know that _____ on Coopers Beach.A. tourists can enjoy summer concerts series without paymentB. tourists can rent umbrellas in case it rainsC. tourists can play in the great seaside amusement park with their friendsD. tourists can get together with their family members in the wetland23. What can we enjoy on Hanalei Bay Beach?A. Family campfires and beach yoga.B. Boating through undamaged wetland and visiting gift shops.C. Watching waterfalls and swimming.D. Taking a train trip into the trees.24. Cowell’s Beach is a good choice for people who like _____.A. surfing B. riding C. fishing D. shopping25. Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage?A. The endless Atlantic and historic buildings are a unique view on Coast Guard Beach.B. On Coopers Beach, you can go shopping on modern, tree-lined streets.C. Live music events take place all the year round on Hanalei Bay Beach.D. Henry Cowell Redwoods State Park is situated in California.

C


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You spent lots of time and money shopping online during the past year and somehow your losttrack of both.

That’s why when you received their annual statement from Alipay( 支付宝 ), the Chinesethird-party online payment platform, you probably got a big surprise.

Chen Si, 23, a senior in Literature of Film and TV at Shandong University of Arts, shared herfeeling, “Can’t bear to look at it”.

“Many micro-blogget said they would rather ‘cut their hands off’ after, seeing how every cent oftheir money was spent online shopping last year. I’m one of them,” Chen said.

Last year, Chen spent about 10,000 yuan on Taobao—more than half of living expenses. Chen,Who didn’t buy any expensive items online, had no idea where her money went before seeing thestatement.

While many like Chen regret their unreasonable spending, some are making a big deal out of howlittle they spent. Zhu Siwei, 25, an accountant from Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, spent a total of 489yuan last year, according to her Alipay statement. Since she posted her consumption status on SinaWeibo, she’s been asked by many fellow micro-bloggers how to save money.

“I am usually busy with work and don’t have that much time for online shopping. I spend most ofmy money on my personal interests, such as reading books and listening to CDs.” Zhu said.

As Ma Ywt, the CEO of Alibaba.com, an online shopping website, once said: “Shopping online isnot a business style or technology, but a way of life.”

An annual statement reflects a person’s consumption habits and lifestyle. But it’s also a warningthat, while online shopping provides us with convenience and a refreshing way of living, we should becautious about our consumption especially when it comes to online shopping where money is just anumber.

26. The passage mainly tells us that _____.A. shopping online is a business styleB. Alipay provides us with convenienceC. annual statement shocks online spendersD. Alibaba.com is an online shopping website27. Receiving your annual statement, you got a big surprise because _____.A. you ignored the time you spentB. you were robbed of too much moneyC. you focused all the time on what you spentD. you didn’t concentrate all along on what you spent28. What does the word “it” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?A. her feeling B. the payment platformC. the annual statement D. the time and money29. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Zhu Siwei spent most of her money shopping online.B. Chen Si regrets her unreasonable spendingC. Ma Yun thinks that shopping online is technology.D. People always make a big deal with little money.30. In the last paragraph, the author tries to advise us to _____.A. remember the convenience of shopping onlineB. know online shopping is a refreshing way of living


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C. learn annual statements reflect consumption habitsD. be careful about our consumption in shopping online三、语篇填空（共 10小题，每小题 1分，满分 10分）

I met my step-mom for the first time when I moved to America. That night before I went to bedshe came to my room, __31__ was the first room I had ever had for my own. She told me she was gladto meet me and that she __32__ (take)good care of me. Because I was never shown affection __33__ achild, I did not know how to react, so I just stared at her. To this day, I have a hard time __34__(let)others be affectionate towards me.

She asked me for a hug, but I did not know what __35__ word “hug” meant. So, I just looked ather __36__ a questioning expression on my face. But she didn’t give up. She called my father into theroom and asked him to explain to me what she meant. When he did that I looked at my step-mom andwondered __37__ she wanted to hug me. She then told me it was because she loved me and you hugpeople when you love __38__. So she opened her arms wide and timidly I opened __39__ and wehugged.

That was my very first hug and I was eleven years old at that time. I’m twenty-three years old nowand, __40__ (thank), I have received many hugs since then.

四、书面表达（满分 25分）

41.请你以“One Thing the World Can Do Without”为题，写一篇词数不少于 150 词的英语短文，

陈述观点并阐明理由。

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

五、教学设计（满分 20分）

42.请你根据下面所提供的阅读教学材料，设计一个课时的教案。需要分析文本，确立教学目标，

设计教学活动，并在恰当之处辅以设计意图说明。中英文答题皆可。

It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academysoftball were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm.Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee shivered a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The twodidn't know each other well - Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before.

Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground. "Paris's eyes rolled back," Taylor says. "She started shaking. Iknew it was an emergency."

It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care,Paris would die. "Does anyone know CPR?"

CPR is a life-saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person's chest so that bloodmoves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen the brain is damaging quickly.


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Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn'tthink she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and begandoing CPR, "It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death," says Taylor.

Taylor's swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to getthe school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device that can shock the heart back intowork. Luck stayed with them: Paris' heartbeat returned.

"I know I was really lucky," Paris says now. "Most people don't survive this. My team saved mylife".

Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is havingsomeone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.

Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be anurse. "I feel more confident in my actions now," Taylor says. "I know I can act under pressure in ascary situation."

Documents

2019 年杭州教师招聘统考备考指导 英语zj.offcn.com/dl/2019/0627/20190627060357679.pdf · 五、教学设计（共1小题，共20分） （1）题型变化：2017年考查了单选；2018年没有考查单选题，但考查了语法填空题。

2019 年杭州教师招聘统考备考指导英语zj.offcn.com/dl/2019/0627/20190627060357679.pdf · 五、教学设计（共1小题，共20分）（1）题型变化：2017年考查了单选；2018年没有考查单选题，但考查了语法填空题。