证书编号：国环评证乙字第2834号 · Web viewProject Documents The 12th Five-year Plan on Economic and Social Development of China; The 12th Five-year Plan on Economic and

Certification No：No.2834 EIA Certification

Environmental Impact Assessment Report

Poverty Alleviation and Agriculture Development Demonstration in

Poor Areas Project (Gansu)

Prepared by: Guangzhou EP Environmental Engineering Ltd

In May, 2014

E4617 V4 REV

Table of Content1 GENERAL..............................................................................................................................................................- 1 -

1.1 BACKGROUND......................................................................................................................................................- 1 -1.2 COMPLIANCE ANALYSIS......................................................................................................................................- 2 -1.3 SUPPORTING EVIDENCE AND STANDARDS FOR ASSESSMENT................................................................................- 1 -1.4 ASSESSMENT GATEGORY, CLASS, SCOPE AND TIME...........................................................................................- 12 -1.5 ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION OBJECTIVES............................................................................................................- 16 -

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION.....................................................................................................................................18

2.1 PROJECT OBJECTIVES AND COST............................................................................................................................182.2 PROJECT COMPONENTS AND PROPOSED IMPLEMENTATION PROGRESS.....................................................................182.3 TECHNICAL STANDARDS OF PROJECT CONSTRUCTIONS.......................................................................................- 35 -2.4 DUE DILIGENCY INVESTIGATION AND RELATED ACTIVITIES...............................................................................- 38 -

3 THE BASELINE SITUATION OF ENVIRONMENT QUALITY AND SOCIAL STATUS......................- 41 -

3.1 NATURAL CONDITION OF PROJECT SITES..............................................................................................................- 41 -3.2 THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC STATUS IN PROJECT AREA......................................................................................- 45 -3.3 NATURAL RESERVES, CULTURAL RELICS AND WATER SOURCE PROTECTION AREAS IN PROJECT AREAS..........473.4 SURVEY AND EVALUATION ON THE STATUS OF ENVIRONMENT QUALITY............................................................48

4 ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION...........................57

5 IMPACT ANALYSIS ON AGRICULTURE ACTIVITIES.......................................................................................58

5.1 PLANTING ACTIVITY..................................................................................................................................................585．2 ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION ON LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT PROJECT.............................745.3 PRODUCT PROCESSING............................................................................................................................................865.4 RESOURCES CARRYING CAPACITY ANALYSIS.........................................................................................................875.5 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSIMILATIVE CAPACITY ANALYSIS.........................................................................................95

6 ALTERNATIVE SCHEME ANALYSIS...................................................................................................................101

6.1 PURPOSES AND PRINCIPLES OF COMPARISON ANALYSIS..........................................................................................1016.2 ZERO SCHEME ANALYSIS......................................................................................................................................1016.3 COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT MANURE TREATMENTS OF SMALL-SCALE HUSBANDRY........................................1046.4 COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT MANURE TREATMENTS OF LARGE SCALE ANIMAL FARM........................................1086.5 COMPARISON OF RESIDUE FROM FARMLAND AND ORCHARD.........................................................................112

7 PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE.............................................................................................114

7.1 DISCLOSURE..........................................................................................................................................................1147.2 PUBLIC CONSULTATION........................................................................................................................................1147.3 RESULTS...............................................................................................................................................................117

8. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN（EMP）..................................................132

8.1 INSTITUTE AND DUTY FOR THE ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT...........................................................................1328.2 MITIGATION MEASURES.......................................................................................................................................1348.3 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT TRAINING PLAN....................................................................................................1668.4 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN.........................................................................................................................169

9 Conclusions................................................................................................................................................................- 174 -

Environment Impact Assessment Report of Poverty Alleviation and Agricultural Demonstration in Poor Areas Project

1 General

1.1Background

1.1.1 Project Location and It’s Characteristics

Poverty Alleviation and Agriculture Development Demonstration in Poor Areas Project covers

16 counties or districts of Dingxi, Qingyang, Tianshui, Pingliang, Linxia and Wuwei cities including

Longxi, Weiyuan, Tongwei, Lintao, An’ding, Huachi, Zhengning, Heshui, Huanxian, Zhang

Jiachuan, Zhuanglang, Jinning, Yongjing, Dongxiang and Gulang counties or districts totalling 56

townships and 241 villages with comparative advantages for developing industries with special local

features and for income increasing industries in the Liupan Mountains of Gansu.

Gansu Province is an inland province located at the northwest and on the conjection of Losses

Plateau, Inner Mongolia Plateau and Qinghai and Tibetan Plateau with the crossing of inland river,

the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. It is one of the poorest provinces in China. The total land

area of Gansu is 454 thousand km2. Gansu has 14 cities or prefectures governing 86 counties or

cities, districts. By the end of 2012, the total population was 26570 thousand including 17830

thousand of rural population making up 67% of total provincial population. Gansu is a province

where many different Chinese ethnic groups lived. Population of 54 minority groups making up

9.3% of total provincial population. Among which, Dongxiang, Yugu and Baoan are the minorities

which only live in Gansu. In 2011, the GDP was CNY502 billion growing 12.5%. The fiscal revenue

was CNY45.04 billion growing 27.4%. The per capita disposable income of urban resident was

CNY14988 increasing 13.6%. The per capita net income of rural resident was CNY3909 increasing

14.2%. The province has abundant human resources with 12770 thousand labors including 5 million

of surplus workforces (see more details in Annex 1), which is favorable for developing labor-

intensive industries. Moreover, the province has large areas of land and diversified ecologies and

climates, and is rich in light and heat resources. The temperature ranges differently between day and

night. And the province has little environment pollutions. It is favorable for agriculture with local

features and processing of green foods. And Gansu is the biggest provice for potato production, the

important areas for the production of apple, herbal medicine and plateau summer vegetables, and is

one of the biggest pastural provinces.

Besides those, Gansu has poor natural condition, small economic outputs with low per capita

GDP and high proportion of poverty. Those are the important factors for constraining the

development.

1


1.1.2 Project Justifications

Chinese government will spend the World Bank loans to support 27 national designated poverty

stricken counties of three western provinces namely Guizhou, Sichuan and Gansu to implement

poverty alleviation and agriculture development demonstration in poor areas project. And in

accordance with relevant environment protection policies of Chinese government and the safeguard

policies of the World Bank, the environment assessment report and environment management plan

are required.

In order to take full consideration of environment impacts during project implementation and

mitigating negative impacts at project design, construction and operation stages, and in accordance

with Environment Protection Law of China, Environment Assessment Law of China, Environment

Management Regulation of Capital Project, the Circular on Improving Environment Assessment of

Project Financed by International Financial Institutions and OP4.01 of the World Bank, Guangzhou

EP Environment Engineering Ltd is contracted for the environment assessment of Poverty

Alleviation and Agriculture Development Demonstration in Poor Areas Project. Since assignment,

the company has made site surveys, collected data and carried out environment assessment in

accordance with Project Environment Assessment Outline with the considerations of project

characters, World Bank requirement and national procedures and requirement. The environment

assessment team has drafted the environment assessment report with the considerations of

environment assessment outline and comments of World Bank Pre-appraisal mission by analyzing

project activities and implementation plans, making in-depth site surveys, collecting lots of social,

economic and environmental data and monitoring environment quality.

1.1.3 Project Management Offices and Executive Agencies

1. Project Management Offices

Project management offices are consisted of the Project Leading Group, Foreign Capital Project

Management Center of Gansu Poverty Reduction Office and poverty reduction office in 16 counties

of 6 cities.

2. Project executive agencies: cooperative units, farmers and enterprises of 16 counties.

1.2Compliance Analysis

1.2.1 Compliance with Sector Policies

State Council’s Opinions on Developing Modern Agriculture and Promoting the Building of

New Socialist Countryside has pointed out: 1. the development of modern agriculture and promotion

2


of the building of new socialist countryside is the essential of adopting scientific development

outlook and the building of harmonious society, and is the important task for accelerating socialist

modernization; 2. to enhance constructions of rural infrastructure; 3. to development agriculture with

local features. It is to develop the tangible and intangible products and industries in complying with

local situations with special attentions on the hoticulture, breeding of special animals and rural

tourism; 4. to construct circulation facilities and develop new type of circulation system for

agricultural products. It is to construct a batch of markets for whole sale of agricultural products with

advanced infrastructures, sound founctions and regulated marketing standards; 5. to develop rural

cooperative units. It is to support the development of farmers’ cooperatives in accordance with the

Law of Farmers’ Professional Cooperatives. And it is to increase the investment of demonstrative

projects which were implemented by farmers’ cooperatives, and to support the activities including

marketing, technical training, processing and storage of agricultural products, and selling of

production materials of agriculture by adopting preferential tax and financial policies. Besides those,

starting from establishing modern agriculture and improving comprehensive agricultural productions,

the Decision made by the third plenary of 17th CPC meeting has required to adopt large scale of land

consolidation activities and to greatly increase the proportion of stable high-yeild farming lands.

The project is to improve infrastructures, construct the supporting field facilities, and build

markets for sale of livestocks and agricultural products. And the project is to develop productions

with special local features such as the breeding of cattles, sheeps and pigs, and the production of

potatoes, astragas, and codonopsis. Besides those, it is to support farmers’ professional cooperatives,

provide technical trainings, and encourage farmers’ participations in project activities to improve the

coverage of cooperatives and the level of technical skills.

In accordance with the Catalogue of Guidance on the Adjustment of Industrial Structure (2011

version and 2013 revision), project activities belong to the catalogue of encouraged agriculture and

forestry development including constructions of bases for agricultural productions, tractor roads

(bridges), rehabilitation of low-yield farm lands and construction of stable and high-yield farm lands;

and the catalogue of encouraged water conservancy projects including the development of efficient

water distribution and supple system, the adoption of water-saving irrigation technologies, and the

constructions of water conservancy facilities (field canals, culverts and pumping stations. Therefore,

the project meets the requirement of national sector policies and belongs to the catalogue of

encouraged projects.

As the results, project implementation is to fullfill the spirits of the Opinions and the Decision,

and meets the relevant government policies.

3


1.2.2 Compliance with Plannings

The analysis of compliance with the 12th Five-year Plan on Economic and Social Development of

China and the Master Plan on Rural Poverty Alleviation of China (2011 to 2020) is the same as those

of Sichuan Province.

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Table 1.2-1 Compliance with the 12th Five-year Plan on Economic and Social Development of Gansu Province

Plan Content of the Plan Project Activity Compliance Analysis

The 12th

Five-year Plan on

Economic and Social

Development of Gansu Province

Rural infrastructure

To provide safe drinking water to 8.9 million rural population; the coverage of tap-water in administrative villages reach to 70%; to provide biogas to 700 thousand households; concrete roads in administrative villages reach to 80%; to accelerate the progress on rural power net and small hydropower with electricity coverage at townships and villages reach to 100%; to complete rehabilitation of dangerous houses for 1.2 million households; to provide houses for 15 thousand herdsmen; to complete environment improvement tasks of 100 demonstration townships and 1000 demonstration villages.

The project includes activities such as rural and production roads construction and concretions,

which are to improve local environment and promote industrial development.

Complied with the

Plan.

Modern agriculture

To protect farmlands and improve grain production; to promote the development of local competitive agriculture such as potato production; to promote the animal breeding such as pigs and dairy cows and the aquatic production; to promote ecological agriculture such as pollution-free product, green product and organic products; to support of farmer’s professional cooperation and local leading agricultural enterprises; and to improve the application of science and technologies in agriculture.

The project will not occupy any farmland for infrastructure construction. The forage and fruit trees

will be planted in wasted areas. And as located in Mountain Liu Panshan, the project areas have good

foundations for animal breeding and crop plantation. Besides those, the project is to develop green

products and promote the development of local competitive industries through training, the

establishment of farmer cooperation and the building of local brands etc.

Complied with the

Plan.

New socialist countryside

To improve the planning of new countryside; to improve rural environments, promote scientific application of fertilizer, pesticide and plastic mulching film, and control of pollutions from large-scale animal farms.

The project is to strengthen technical training, develop pest management plan, promote appropriate application of fertilizers and pesticides and control

pollutions of large-scale animal farms.

Complied with the

Plan.

Income of rural people

To execute agriculture related policies; to improve the skills of farmers; to increase rural incomes; and to expand more income-generating sources for farmers.

The project is to promote the development of local industries, increase the incomes of farmers, promote

local economic development and reduce poverty through the development of rural infrastructure.

Complied with the

Plan.

Table 1.2-2 Compliance with the Master Plan on Rural Poverty Alleviation of Gansu Province (2011 to 2020)

Plan Content of the Plan Project Activity Compli

1


ance Analysi

sThe Mast

er Plan on

Rural

Poverty

Alleviation of Gans

u Province (2011 to 2020

)

Objective

s

As described in the Implementation Regulation, the poverty reduction of Gansu is: to improve the capacity on development in poor areas; to set up the system of local competitive industries; to improve the equal access to basic health; to improve the living conditions to provincial average; the ecological environment is improved greatly. Besides those, the growth of per capita net income of targeted farmers is higher than provincial average by 2% to 3%; to provide compulsory education, basic health services and houses to the targeted people. Moreover, by 2015 and 2020, the water conservation projects, the development of local competitive industries, transportation, drinking water facilities, power infrastructure for both living and production, the rehabilitation of rural dangerous houses, education, medical services, family planning, culture, and social security should be improved by a large margin.

The project is to support the development of farmer’s cooperation, promote the development of local competitive industries, expand local industrial

chains and reduce poverty by exploring new mechanisms.

Complied with

the Plan.

Targets

Based on the consecutive poverty stricken areas(including Mountain Liu Panshan, Mountain Qinba and Tibet areas), to promote regional development through poverty reduction efforts.

The majority of 16 project counties are the designated counties for poverty reduction in Mountain Liu Panshan. The counties are of characters such as

large number poor population, poor infrastructure, and weak capacity in resisting the natural disasters. And its agriculture is of poor technologies and

poor management.

Complied with

the Plan.

Poverty

reduction by

sector

To improve infrastructure, develop local competitive industries, carry out poverty reduction through spreading science and technologies, promote education, public health and population management, improve social security system and give priority to energy and eco-environment.

The project is to promote the development of potatoes, herbal medicine, apples and animal breeding, support farmer cooperation on brand registration, transportation, processing and marketing to expand industrial chain and improve pollution control under the conditional grant component.

Complied with

the Plan.

International

cooperatio

n

In accordance with regional poverty reduction principles, to accelerate the promulgation of regional master plan on poverty reduction; to strengthen cooperation with Tianjian and Xiamen on the twinning assistance program; and to encourage and support non-government organizations and individual person to join in poverty reduction programs through twinning

The project financing consists by the World Bank lending and the counterpart funds. Under the cooperation with the World Bank, the project is

to be the showcase for more international supports on poverty reduction. Besides the funding inputs, the project is to learn best international practice

and explore new mechanism on reducing poverty in China in complying with domestic situations.

Complied with

the Plan.

2


assistance arrangements. Table 1.2-3 Compliance with the Master Plan on Regional Development and Poverty Alleviation in

Mountain Liu Panshan (2011 to 2020)

Plan Content of the Plan Project Activity

Compliance

Analysis

M

aster

Plan

on

Regio

nal

Devel

opme

nt

and

Pover

ty

Allev

iation

in

Moun

tain

Coverage

The consecutive poverty stricken areas of Mountain Liu Panshan cover four provinces including Shanxi, Gansu, Qinghai and Ningxia. It is the key areas in national poverty reduction efforts. The master plan covers 69 counties including 61 counties in Mountain Liu Panshan. Besides those, there are 49 national designated poverty stricken counties, 12 old revolutionary bases and 20 ethnic minority counties in these areas.

The majority of 16 project counties are the designated counties for poverty reduction in Mountain Liu Panshan. The counties are of

characters such as large number poor population, poor infrastructure, and weak capacity in resisting the natural disasters. And its agriculture

is of poor technologies and poor management.

Complied with

the Plan.

Development

objective

To reduce poverty stricken population by half and build solid foundation for a prosperous society by 2015; and to ensure access to compulsory education, basic health services and houses by 2020.

The project is to support the development of farmer’s cooperation, promote the development of local competitive industries, expand local industrial chains and reduce poverty by exploring new mechanisms.

Complied with

the Plan.

Industrial developm

ent

To develop market-oriented industrial development, promote industry restructuring and recycle economy, and accelerate regional development.

To take considerations of the industrial development in long-term and the increase of income in short-term, and the protection local eco-environment. The production potatoes, herbal medicines, apples and animal breeding are selected as the leading industries for development.

Complied with

the Plan.

Improvement on rural

production and living

conditions

To improve the living quality of rural people and the living conditions with the priority on improving agricultural production conditions, living environment and the establishment of small towns and villages.

The project activities include rural roads construction and concretion, water conservation projects, power facilities and trading markets, which

are of great importance in improving rural living and production conditions.

Complied with

the Plan.

Job generation

To adjust employment structure, expand source of jobs, and improve related services. And to improve

The project will generate more jobs during construction period. And with the input of funds and trainings, the vocational skills of rural

Complied with

3


Liu

Pansh

an

(2011

to

and human

resources developm

ent

vocational training and develop rural human resources by consolidating various training resources.

people can be improved and their incomes will be increased after project completion.

the Plan.

Eco-environme

nt protection

To strengthen eco-environment protection through the conservation of natural forestry, returning farmlands to forestry and grasslands and de-desertification measures, and with the adoption of policies on national functional zones, and the prevention of natural disasters and climate changes.

The project will not occupy any farmland for infrastructure construction. The forage and fruit trees will be planted in wasted areas. And as located in Mountain Liu Panshan, the project areas have good

foundations for animal breeding and crop plantation. Besides those, the project is to propose feasible measures to reduce pollutions in project

design, implementation, operation and maintenance.

Complied with

the Plan.

4


1.2.3 Compliance with Water Conservancy PlansNational Water Conservancy Development Plan (2011 to 2015) requires to increase the

farmland with effective irrigations. It requires to increase 40000 thousand mu of farmland with

effective irrigations by 2015 in complying with the plan to increase 100 billion kg of grain capability.

And it requires to accelerate the constructions of small water conservancy project giving priority to

major grain and agriculture counties, to improve the field irrigation facilities focusing on the

combination of project constructions with farming, mechanical and chemistry methods, and to

strengthen the engineering support between water irrigation and discharge, main cannals and field

canals. Besides those, it requires to develop middle and small scale water conservancy projects that

suit local conditions, and support to construct five types of small scale water conservancy projects

including small water cellar in hilly areas, small pool, small water pond, small pump station and

small canal. Besides those, it requires to improve water saving in agricultural production. It requires

to take water saving irrigation as the basic measure and important strategy in developing modern

agriculture, and expand the usage of water saving technologies in line with local conditions such as

anti-seepage measure, canal irrigation, micro-irrigation, drip-irrigation and spray-irrigation. It

requires to develop dry-land farming by adopting technologies such as plastic mulching, deep

loosening and deep ploughing, and conservation tillage. It requires to promote the scale and

industralization of water saving efficiency technologies and support water saving projects giving

priority of water shortage area, ecological vanerable area and major grain production area. Besides

those, it plans to increase 50000 thousand mu of effective irrigation area within 5 years. And the

effective coefficient of irrigation water usage for farmland will reach 0.53 or higher. Moreover, it

requires to develop water conservancy projects in pastoral areas and construct forage bases with

effective irrigations.

12th Five-year Plan on National Water Saving Irrigation requires to scale up the usage of

effective irrigation technologies in effective irrigated areas such as anti-seepage technology, low-

pressure piping irrigation, spray irrigation and micro-irrigation. And it requires to scale up the

constructions of field canals and pipes and the upgrading of water saving facilities in large and

middle irrigation areas (mainly in 13 major grain production areas and in the north especially in the

northwest which are short of water).

The irrigation canal constructions component of the project meets the requirement of the

relevant water conservancy plans such as the National Water Conservancy Development Plan (2011

to 2015) and the 12th Five-year Plan on National Water Saving Irrigation Development.

1


1.2.4 Compliance with Environment Protection PlansThe 12th Five-year Plan on National Environment Protection requires to strengthen

environment protection in rural areas and improve the control and prevention of pollutions from crop

production and animal husbandary. It requires to use biological pesticides and pesticides with low

toxic and low residue. And it requires to adopt pollution-free disposal method for pesticide packages.

It requires to scale up the formula fertilization. Besides those, it requires to develop the ecological

agriculture and organic agriculture. Moreover, it requires to improve the utilization of agriculture

wastes such as wasted plastic mulch and staws.

The construction of apple production bases and potato production bases and the adoption of the

formula fertilization under the project are in compliance with the 12th Five-year Plan on National

Environment Protection.

1.2.5 Compliance with Local Plans

The project mainly consists of crop production, animal husbandary, infrastructure construction

and processiong of herbal medicines. And it fully meets the relevant local plans including the 12th

Five-year Plan on Comprehensive Agriculture Development of Gansu, the 12th Five-year Plan on

Agriculture Development of Gansu, the 12th Five-year Plan on Water Conservancy Development of

Gansu, and the 12th Five-year Plan on Environment Protection of Gansu.

2

EIA Report of Poverty Alleviation and Agriculture Development demonstration in Poor Areas Project (Gansu)

1.3 Supporting Evidence and Standards for Assessment

The supporting evidence and standards for assessment include national laws, regulations,

environment protection laws and regulations, sector regulations and technical standards, and the

policies and guidelines of the World Bank, which are the same as those of Sichuan Province.

1.3.1 Local Laws and Regulations

（1） Decisions of Gansu Provincial People’s Government on Environment Protection, No.12

document issued by the Provincial Government in 1997;

（2） Plan on Regional Development and Poverty Reduction in Areas of Liu Panshan

Mountains (2011 to 2020);

（3） Regulations on Environment Protection of Gansu Province, revised in 2004;

（4） Opinions of Gansu Provincial People’s Government on Strengthening Environment

Protection with the Adoption of Scientific Development Outlook, No.73 document issued

by the Provincial Government on September 9th, 2006;

（5） Notice on the Adoption of the Interim Measures of Public Participation in

Environmental Impact Assessment, No.98 document issued by Gansu Provincial

Environment Protection Bureau in 2001;

（6） Plan on Surface Water Functional Areas of Gansu Province (2012 to 2030), issued by

the Provincial Government in January of 2013;

（7） Some Opinions on Further Supporting Social and Economic Development of Gansu;

（8） 12th Five-year Environment Protection Plan of Gansu Province, issued on July 16th,

2012;

（9） Notice of Gansu Provincial Environment Protection Bureau on the Implementation of

the 12th Five-year Environment Protection Plan of Gansu Province, issued on October 10 th,

2012;

（10） Notice of the General Office of Gansu Provincial People’s Government on the

Publication of the Implementation Plan of the 12th Five-year Provincial Priority Specific

Plans of Gansu Province, No.52 document issued by the General Office of Provincial

Government;

（11） Circular Economy Master Plan of Gansu Province;

（12） Plan of Ecological Function Areas of Gansu Province;

（13） Regulations on Nature Reserve Administration of Gansu Province, issued on September

1


26th, 1999;

（14） Regulations of Gansu Province on the Implementation of Wildlife Animal Protection

Law (revised in 2004);

（15） Regulations on Wetland Protection of Gansu Province, enforced on February 2nd, 2004;

（16） Regulations of Gansu Province on the Implementation of Land Management Law

(amendement), passed by the Fourth Session of the 7th Provincial CPPCC Meeting on

September 20th 1988;

（17） Regulations on Forst Land Conservation of Gansu Province, passed by the 11th Session

of the 11th Provincial CPPCC Meeting on September 25th 2009;

（18） Technical Standards on Animal Epidemic Prevention of Livestock and Poultry

Breeding of Gansu Province;

（19） Notice on the Publication of the Technical Standards on Animal Epidemic Prevention

of Livestock and Poultry Breeding of Gansu Province, No.35 document of Provincial

CDC;

（20） Revitalization Plan of Revolutionary Base in Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia, No.781

document of the Western Department of the National DRC in 2012；（21） Regulations on Conservation Areas Administration for Drinking Water in Linxia Hui

Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province, No.11 Announcement of the 13 th Prefecture

CPPCC Meeting issued and enforced on August 5th 2010;

（22） Regulations on Food Safety Traceability of Gansu Province (trial version), issued on

February 17th 2014;

（23） Regulations on Agricultrual Product Safety Traceability of Gansu Province (trial

version), issued on February 17th 2014;

（24） Regulations on Waste Mulch Film Recycle of Gansu Province, passed by the 6th Plenary

Session of the 12th Provincial CPPCC Meeting on November 29th 2013;

（25） Regulations on the Administration of Forage and Livestock Balance of Gansu Province,

issued on November 1st 2012;

（26） Regulations on Grazing Prohibitation in Grasslands of Gansu Province, No.95 Order of

Provincial Government issued on January 1st 2013;

（27） Regulations on Rural Poverty Reduction of Gansu Province, issued on May 1st 2007;

（28） Agricultural Plan Quarantine Regulations of Gansu Province, issued on December 1st

2007;

2


（29） Regulations on Agricultural Ecological Environment Protection of Gansu Province,

No.61 annoucement of Provincial CPPCC issued on March 1st 2008;

（30） Regulations on Rural Energy Development Management of Gansu Province, amended

on June 4th 2004;

（31） Regulations on Management of Large and Middle Scale Biogas Projects for Animal

Breeding Farm of Gansu Province, No.512 document of Provincial DRC in 2009;

（32） Agricultural Pesticides Management Regulation of Gansu Province, No.8 Order of

Provincial Government issued on January 1st 2004;

（33） Regulations on Forest Environment Protection of Gansu Province, No.41 announcement

of Provincial CPPCC issued on June 1st 2011;

1.3.2 Project Documents(1) The 12th Five-year Plan on Economic and Social Development of China;

(2) The 12th Five-year Plan on Economic and Social Development of Gansu Province;

(3) The Rural Poverty Alleviation Outline of China (2011 to 2020);

(4) The Rural Poverty Alleviation Outline of Gansu Province;

(5) The Plan on Regional Development and Poverty Alleviation in Mountain Liu

Panshan (2011-2020);

(6) Feasibility Study Report of Poverty Alleviation and Agriculture Development

Demonstration in Poor Areas Project (Gansu);

(7) Environment Impact Assessment Outline of Poverty Alleviation and Agriculture

Development Demonstration in Poor Areas Project (Gansu);

(8) Aid Memorandums of the Identification, Preparation and Pre-appraisal Missions

of the World Bank.

1.3.3 Assessment StandardMost general standards are the same as those of Sichuan Province. The standards are described

as follows for easy reference during implementation.

1. Standards on Surface Water

（1）Standard: class III standards of Standard on Surface Water Quality （GB3838－2002）will be referred. The details are shown in Table 1.3-1.

Table 1.3-1 Surface Water Quality Standard (extract) Unit: mg/L except pH value

Item pH DO CODCr BOD5 Ammonia nitro

SS LAS petroleum

Total phosphorus

3


gen

II 6～9 ≥6 ≤15 ≤3 ≤0.5 ≤20 ≤0.2 ≤0.05 ≤0.1（lake and reservoir water≤0.05）

III 6～9 ≥5 ≤20 ≤4 ≤1.0 ≤30 ≤0.2 ≤0.05 ≤0.2（lake and reservoir water≤0.025）

IV 6～9 ≥3 ≤30 ≤6 ≤1.5 ≤60 ≤0.3 ≤0.5 0.3（lake and reservoir water≤0.1）

Remarks: SS standards are referred to standard values of Class II, III and IV in Surface Water Quality Standard. （2）Discharge standard: the project will be implemented in rural areas in which there is no

sewage facility besides digestion tanks. The waste water will be used for irrigation purpose only after

preliminary treatment during project implementation. And the combination of pre-treatment and

irrigation measures will be used for the waste water of animal farms during operation period. The

class I specifications of the Discharge Standard of Waste Water（GB8978-1996）will be referred

for animal farms with sewage treatment facilities. And the Standard on Irrigation Water Quality

(GB5084-2005）will be referred to those without sewage treatment facility.

Table 1.3-2 The Discharge Standard of Waste Water (extract) unit: mg/L（except pH）Item pH COD BOD5

Animal or Plant Oil

Petroleum

NH3-N SS

Class I6～

9100 20 10 5 15 70

Table 1.3-3 The Standard on Irrigation Water Quality (extract) unit: mg/L（except

pH）Item Indicator

GB5084-2005For dry-land

irrigation（mg/L）GB18596-

2001（mg/L）Project

Standard（mg/L）1 pH 5.5-8.5 — 5.5-8.5

2 CODCr≤ 200 400 200

3 BOD5≤ 100 150 100

4 SS≤ 100 200 100

5 Ammonia Nitrogen≤ — 80 80

6 Total Phosphorus≤ — 8.0 8.0

8 Total Coliform groups≤ 4000 pieces/100mL 1000 pieces/100mL 1000 pieces/100mL

9 Ascaris eggs≤ 2.0 pieces/L 2.0 pieces/L 2.0 pieces/L

Table 1.3-4 The Standard for Drinking Water Quality (GB5749-2006)

Name of Disinfectant

Contact Time with Water

Limitation of Effluent Water/(mg/L)

Residual Limitation of Effluent Water/(mg/L)

Residual Limitation of Tap

Water/(mg/L)

4


Chlorine and free chlorine preparation

(free chlorine)

≥30min 4 ≥0.3 ≥0.05

Monochloramine (TN)

≥120min 3 ≥0.5 ≥0.05

Ozone ≥12min 0.3 - 0.02If chlorine is added,

TN≥0.05Chlorine dioxide ≥30min 0.8 ≥0.1 ≥0.02

2. Standard on Ambient Air Quality

The class II criteria of the Standard on Ambient Air Quality （GB3095-1996） and the

Hygienic Standard for the Design of Industrial Enterprises （TJ36-79） are referred under the

project. And the standard values are shown in Table 1.3-5. Table 1.3-5 Ambient Air Quality Standard Value (extract) Unit: mg/m3

Item IndicatorGB3095-1996 Class II

1 hour average Daily average Annual average1 CO 10.00 4.00 —

2 SO2 0.50 0.15 0.06

3 NO2 0.24 0.12 0.08

4 PM10 — 0.15 0.10

5 TSP — 0.30 0.30

（2）Discharge standardThe class II criteria of the Emission Standard of Odorous Pollutants (GB14554-1993） and the

class II criteria of the Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants Emission（GB16297- 1996） are

referred for management of waste gas. The standard values are shown in Table 1.3-6.

Table 1.3-6 The Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants Emission unit: mg/m3，the concentration of odorous gas is dimensionless

Pollutant

Maximum Allowable Emission Rate（15m Exhausting Pipe）

Concentration Limit at Fugitive Emission Reference

Point StandardConcentration（

mg/m3）Rate（kg/

h） Reference point

Concentration（mg/m3）

SO2 550 2.6 Maximum concentration point outside

perimeter

0.40Class II criteria, GB16297-1996

NO2 240 0.77 0.12

TSP 120 3.5 1.0

Ammonia / 4.9 Concentration limit at boundary

1.5 Class II criteria, GB14554-1993Hydrogen

sulfide/ 0.33 0.06

5


Odorous gas concentratio

n/ 2000 20

The Emission Standard of Cooking Fume (trial version, GB18483-2001）will be referred under

the project. The criteria are shown in Table 1.3-7 and Table 1.3-8.

Talbe 1.3-7 The Emission Standard of Cooking Fume （GB18483-2001）by Different Scale of Enterprises

Scale Small Middle Large

Number of standard stove ≥1， <3 ≥3，<6 ≥6

Total efficiency (108J/h) 1.67 ，<5.00 ≥5.00，<10 ≥10

Total projected area (m2) ≥1.1，<3.3 ≥3.3，<6.6 ≥6.6

Table 1.3-8 The Highest Concentration Permitted and the Lowest Eliminating Efficiency of Purifying Facilities

Scale Small Middle Large

The highest concentration permitted（mg/m3） 2.0

The lowest eliminating efficiency（％） 60 75 85

3. Standard on noise（1）Quality standard

The project will be implemented in rural areas. And the class II criteria of the Environment

Quality Standard on Noise（GB3096-2008） will be referred under the project. The criteria are

shown in Table 1.3-9.

Table 1.3-9 Noise Assessment Standard unit: dB（A）Class Day Time（dB） Night Time（dB） Source of Standard

I 55 45Environment Quality Standard on

Noise（GB3096-2008）Discharge standard: the class I criteria of the Emission Standard of Environment Noise at

Boundary of Construction Site（GB12523-2011）will be referred. The criteria are shown in Table

1.3-10.

Table 1.3-10 Emission Standard of Environment Noise at Boundary of Construction Site

6


unit:dB（A）Day Time Night Time

70 55

The class I criteria of the Emission Standard for Community Life (GB22337-

2008) will be referred under the project. The criteria are shown in Table 1.3-

11.Time

Standard Day Time Night Time

GB22337-2008 Class I 55 45

4. Standard on underground water quality

The class III criteria of the Standard on Underground Water Quality GB/T14848-93）will be

referred under the project. The criteria are shown in Table 1.3-12.

Table 1.3-12 The Standard on Underground Water Quality

Standard Item

Class of

Protectio

n

Criteria

Class of

Execution

Criteria Class of

Execution

Criteria

Standard on Undergroun

d Water Quality（GB/T14848-

93）

pH

Ⅲ

6.5～8.5

Ⅳ

5.5～6.5，8.5～9

Ⅴ

<5.5，>9

Permanga

nate

index

≤3.0g/L ≤10g/L >10 g/L

Total

hardness≤450mg/L ≤550mg/L >550mg/L

Iron ≤0.3mg/L ≤1.5mg/L >1.5 mg/L

Mangane

se≤0.1mg/L ≤1.0 mg/L >1.0 mg/L

Sulfate ≤250mg/L ≤350mg/L >350 mg/L

Chloride ≤250mg/L ≤350mg/L >350 mg/L

Nitrate ≤20mg/L ≤30 mg/L >30 mg/L

Nitrite ≤0.02mg/L ≤0.1 mg/L >0.1 mg/L

Fluoride ≤1.0mg/L ≤2.0mg/L >2.0 mg/L

Arsenic ≤0.05mg/L ≤0.05mg/L >0.05 mg/L

Hg ≤0.001mg/L≤0.001mg/L

>0.001mg/L

The comparisons between the discharge standard of pollutants for livestock and poultry breeding

7


with that of the World Bank, between the standard of crop plantation with that of the World Bank,

and between the standard of food product processing with that of the World Bank are the same as

those of Sichuan Province. The details are shown as follows for easy reference under the project.

5. The discharge standards for livestock and poultry breeding farms

（1）The Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Livestock and Poultry Breeding

The above standard（GB18596-2001）is to manage pollutants of large livestock and poultry

farms and breeding areas, and the environment impact assessment, design and acceptance

inspection of those farms and breeding areas and the discharges during operation period. The

criteria for different scale of farms are shown in Table 1.3-13 and Table 1.3-14.

Table1.3-13 Livestock and Poultry Farm by Scale (number in stock)

Type

Scale

Pig (head)（more than 25kg）

Chicken（head） Cattle（head）Egg chicken Meat chicken cow Beef cattle

ClassⅠ ≥3000 ≥100000 ≥200000 ≥200 ≥400

Class Ⅱ 500≤Q＜3000 15000≤Q＜100000 30000≤Q＜200000 100≤Q＜200 200≤Q＜400

Table1.3-14 Livestock and Poultry Breeding Areas by Scale (number in stock)

Type

Scale

Pig (head)（more than 25kg）

Chicken（head） Cattle（head）Egg chicken Meat chicken cow Beef cattle

ClassⅠ ≥6000 ≥200000 ≥400000 ≥400 ≥800

Class Ⅱ 3000≤Q＜6000 100000≤Q＜200000 200000≤Q＜400000 200≤Q＜400 400≤Q＜800

Remarks: Q represents the number of breeding.

The maximum numbers of breeding such as cattle breeding (maximum 12 heads/farm),

household sheep breeding (maximum 100 heads/household), household pig breeding (maximum 3

heads/household) are less that the minimum criteria of the standard（GB18596-2001）. Therefore,

the standard is not applied to the management of pollutants of livestock and poultry breeding

activities under the project. Based on site visits, the waste water from livestock and poultry breeding

will be collected and fermented for irrigation. The Standard on Irrigation Water Quality （GB5084-

2005 ） will be applied to waste water management in accordance with the flow of discharge.

Besides those, the solid wastes will be composted as manure.

In order to supervise waste water management, the comparison between the Standard on

Irrigation Water Quality （GB5084-2005） with the Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines in

8


Mammal, Livestock and Poultry of the World Bank was made. The results are shown in Table 1.3-15.

Table 1.3-15 Standards Comparison – proportion in waste water

Pollutant Unit ESHGB5084-2005

Water land

Dry land Vegetable

pH pH 6～9 5.5～8.5BOD mg/L 50 60 100 40a,15b

Oxygen demand mg/L 250 150 200 100 a,60b

Total nitrogen mg/L 10 / / /Total phosphorus mg/L 2 / / /

Oil and grease mg/L 10 / / /Total suspended solids mg/L 50 80 100 60a,15b

Temperature rise ℃ ＜3b / / /

Total coliform groups MPNa/100mL 400 / / /Remarks: a and b in ESH. A: MPN= most probable number;

b在综合考虑环境水质、承受水域用途、潜在接受体和同化能力的基础上，按科学方法认定一个混合区，此为混合区边缘的温度升高。

A in irrigation water quality standard means the processing, and cooking of pickled vegetable;B means the edible vegetable, melon and fruit.

The Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines in Mammal, Livestock and Poultry of the

World Bank is to manage the waste water which is discharged to the surface water after sediment +

biological treatment (anaerobic and aerobic) + disinfection processing. The indicators of pollutants

are higher than those of the Irrigation Water Quality Standard（GB5084-2005）. The project will be

implemented in rural areas that where the waste water treatment facilities are poor. As the results, the

World Bank standard is inapplicable to the project.

Based on site visits, there are a lot of farmlands and forestry close to livestock and poultry

farms. And the waste water of the livestock and poultry farm will be used for irrigation after

sediment and simple anaerobic treatment. Besides those, the Irrigation Water Quality Standard is

applicable to surface water, underground water and waste water from animal farms. With the

considerations of waste water discharge, the project location and the execution of standards, the

Irrigation Water Quality Standard （GB5084-2005）will be applicable to the project.

（2）Standard on harmless treatment of wastes of livestock and poultry breeding

① The breeding farm should set up fixed facilities or places for wastes with the adoption of

measures to avoid fecal leakage and overflow.

② The harmless treatment must be adopted to animal fecal before being used as manure in

farmlands.

9


③ The discharge of wastes into surface water or other environments is forbidden. The amount

of animal fecal can not exceed the maximum load of the farmlands to avoid the non-point source

pollution and underground water pollution.

④ The proportion of pollutants in wastes after harmless treatment should meet the following

standards.

Table 1.3-16 Standard on Harmless Treatment of Wastes

（GB18596-2001）Item Indicator

Ascaris eggs Mortality ≥95%Coliform groups ≤105 pieces/kg

（3）Odorous pollutants in livestock and poultry breeding

The emission of odorous pollutants in livestock and poultry breeding of large scale will refer to

the standards in Table 1.3-17.

Table 1.3-17 Standard on Emission of Odorous Pollutants in

Livestock and Poultry Breeding of Large Scale GB18596-2001）Control Item Standard Value

Odorous gas concentration (dimensionless) 70

6. Standards on agricultural production

The inappropriate irrigation and fertilization will bring negative impacts upon the environment.

The water quota for agricultural production has been set up with the considerations of location of

production activities. The Water Quota by Industry of Gansu Province is referred for the assessment.

The details are shown in Table 5.4-1. The amount of waste water/urine and fecal in unit land is

calculated based on the Rules on Total Emission of Major Pollutants in 12th Five-year Plan Period.

The details are shown in Chapter 5.5 (environment capacity analysis).

The amount of water and the amount of fertilizer are set up in the Environment, Health and

Safety Guidelines for Annual Crops of the World Bank by the nutritional requirement of annual crops

and the water consumption of specific annual crops. The details are shown in Table 1.3-18 and Table

1.3-19.

Table 1.3-18 Nutritional Requirement of Annual Crops (EHS of the World Bank)

Annual CropNutrition/yield（kg/100kg）b

N P2O5 K2O MgO

Grain 2.30～3.15 0.94～1.37 1.88～3.62 0.30～0.46

10


Potato and beetroot for forage

0.31 0.10～0.15 0.42～0.79 0.02～0.11

Maize for forage 0.38 0.14 0.70 0.08Clove and alfalfa 0.80 0.16 0.70 0.08

Mix of green grasses 0.40 0.14 0.60 0.05Remarks: institute of soil science and plant cultivation, pulawy, Poland,1999. b bby-product.

Table 1.3-19 Water Consumption of Specific Annual Crops (EHS of the World Bank)

Annual cropWater consumption

b（mm，whole growth period）

Typical yield and efficiency a

Maize 500～800

With irrigation, the economic productivity of good maize ranges 6～9t/hm2（including 10%～13% of wet）. The water efficiency of

economic yield varies based on different varieties ranging 0.8～1.6kg/m3

Sorghum/broom com

millet450～650

The maximum yield (including 12% to 15% of wet) can be achieved when water consumption ranges from 3.5t to 5t for each ha of land.

The water efficiency of economic yield ranges between 0.6 to 1.0kg/m3

Potato 500～700

With irrigation, the yield of crops which have 120 days of growth is around 25t to 35t for each ha of land in temperate and subtropical

zones and 15to to 25t in tropical zone. The water efficiency ranges 4 to 7kg/m3 based on fruits with 70% to 75% of wet.

Wheat 450～650（high

yield）With irrigation, a good yield of wheat ranges between 4t to

6t/hm2（12%～15% wet）. The water efficiency ranges between 0.8 to 1.0 kg/m3

Remarks：aFAO（2002a）。bFAO AGL（1991）。Because of different units used in the EHS of the World Bank and the Water Quota by

Industry in Gansu, the comparison is irrelevant. With full considerations, the Water Quota by

Industry in Gansu and the Rule on Total Emission of Major Pollutants in 12th Five-year Plan

Period will be referred under the project.

7. Standards on food processing

The food processing mainly includes the preliminary processing of codonopsis and astragalus

(cleaning, selecting, slicing, airing, packaging and storing).

In according to the EHS of the World Bank, the emission of particulate from food processing

industry should not exceed 50mg/m3, which is higher than the emission limits (TSP<120 mg/m3）of

national standard（GB16297-1996） . For environment protection and sustainable development of

11


enterprises, the environment impact assessment suggests to adopt ≤50 mg/m3 as the standard for

emission of particulate in waste gas. The class II criteria of the Emission Standard on Atmospheric

Pollutant （GB16297- 1996）will be applied to other pollutants. The standard on waste water

discharge for food and beverage industry is shown in Table 1.3-20.

Based on the relevant regulations, the codonopsis and astragalus processing enterprises are not

required to be equipped with waste water treatment facilities due to small amount of investment. The

waste water will be collected, pre-treated in digestion tank and used to irrigate farmlands. As the

results, the irrigation water quality standard will be applied under the project.

Table 1.3-20 Comparison between the World Bank Standard and the National Standard –

Proportion of Pollutants in Waste Water of Food and Beverage Industry

Pollutant unit EHS National Standard（GB5084-2005） Irrigated land Dry land vegetable

pH pH 6～9 5.5～8.5BOD mg/L 50 60 100 40a,15b

Oxygen demand mg/L 250 150 200 100 a,60b

Total nitrogen mg/L 10 / / /Total phosphorus mg/L 2 / / /

Oil and grease mg/L 10 / / /Total suspended

solidsmg/L 50

80 100 60a,15b

Temperature rise ℃ ＜3b / / /

Total coliform groups

MPNa/100mL 400/ / /

Remarks: a and b in ESH. A: MPN= most probable number;b在综合考虑环境水质、承受水域用途、潜在接受体和同化能力的基础上，按科学方法认定一个

混合区，此为混合区边缘的温度升高。A in irrigation water quality standard means the processing, and cooking of pickled vegetable;

The Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines in Food and Beverage Industry of the World

Bank is to manage the waste water which is discharged to the surface water after sediment +

biological treatment (anaerobic and aerobic) + disinfection processing. The indicators of pollutants

are higher than those of the Irrigation Water Quality Standard（GB5084-2005）except COD. And

the project will be implemented in rural areas that where the waste water treatment facilities are

poor. As the results, the World Bank standard is inapplicable to the project.

12


1.4 Assessment Gategory, Class, Scope and Time

1.4.1 Assessment CategoryIn accordance with the Notice on Improving Environment Impact Assessment Administration of

Projects Financed by International Financial Institutions (No.324 in 1993) and the OP4.01, the

environmental sensitivity can be classified into three grades. See more details in Table 1.4 -1.

Table 1.4-1 Environment Impact CategoryCategory Environment Impact Content of Assessment

A Possible serious impacts upon environment due to project development

A complete environment impact assessment is required.

BPossible limited impacts upon environment. And the

impact can be mitigated through advanced technologies and measures.

A special environment impact assessment or environment impact analysis is required

based on characters of project and environment.

C Possible limited impact upon environment

Normally there is no requirement on environment impact assessment or

environment impact analysis. And the environment protection plan is required to

record. Due to project characters, scale, degree of impact and its location, the impact upon environment

is short, limited and invertible. As the result, the project is classified as category B on environment

impact assessment.

1.4.2 Assessment Parameters

1. Identification of environment impact

The identifications of environment impact assessment are shown in the following table.

Table 1.4-2 Identification of Environment Impact Assessment

Time Project Activity Environment ImpactConstruction

period

Preparation for construction

Preparation for construction and construction of access

roads etc.

● Impact upon transportation;● Fugitive dust or muddy road, negative impact upon air quality and scenery;

● Construction wastes such as earthworks;● Impact upon people’s living and working.

construction

Construction of plant and office building

● The impact of land occupancy, construction waste, construction roads and sites upon eco-environment;● Noise, fugitive dust, waste water and solid wastes.

Road construction ●he impact of land occupancy, construction waste, construction roads and sites upon eco-environment;● Noise, fugitive dust, waste water and solid wastes.

13


Time Project Activity Environment Impact

Seedling and plantation● Destroy of farmland and vegetation;● Water and soil losses.

Operation

period

Negative

impact

Seedling and plantation● non-point source pollution due to application of pesticide and fertilizer.

Road ● Noise, waste gas of vehicles etc.

Breeding● Pollution of fecal of livestock and poultry● Demand of forage for breeding● Odorous gas

Processing workshop ● Three Wastes such as noise and wastewater

Positive impact

Seedling and plantation

● To improve the structure of economic crops and increase income;

● To improve farming technologies and reduce pollutions and the impact upon eco-environment.

Road● To improve transportation;● To improve local infrastructure environment for sustainable development.

Breeding● To provide manure for breeding;● To improve construction of animal pens and facilitate fecal treatment.

● To make preliminary processing of economic crops and increase income.

Processing workshop

In summary, the impacts upon local environments are the waste water, solid waste, waste

gas as well as noise of roads and the three-waste of processing workshops. And the impacts upon

local eco-environment are the impacts upon natural environment (land utilization, water and soil

losses, and the impact upon plant and animal) as well as the impacts upon social environment

(transportation, scenery and economy).

The details of impacts are shown in Table 1.4-3.

Table 1.4-3 Matrix on Environment Impact Identification and Selection

14


PhaseProject Activity

Degree of

Impact

Eco-environmentPhysical—Chemical

EnvironmentSocial and Economic

Environment

Scenery VegetationPeople’s

Living

Water and

Soil

Conservatio

n

Noise AirSurface

Water

Solid

WasteIndustry

Local

Economy

Public

Transportatio

n

Employmen

t

Degree of Impact -Ⅰ -Ⅱ -Ⅱ -Ⅲ -Ⅲ -Ⅱ -Ⅰ -Ⅰ +Ⅰ +Ⅱ +Ⅲ +Ⅲ

PreparationPreparation

for construction

-Ⅲ -2 -2 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 +1 -2 -3 -1

Construction Period

Workshop and office building

-Ⅲ -2 -2 -2 -3 -2 -2 -1 -1 +3 +3 -2 +3

Road -Ⅲ -2 -3 -2 -3 -2 -1 -1 -1 +3 +3 -2 +3 Land Preparation

-Ⅰ -2 -1 -1 -3 -2 -1 -3 -1 +3 +3 -2 +3

Material Transportatio

n-Ⅰ -1 -1 -2 -1 -2 -2 -1 +3 +3 -3 +3

Operation

Transportation

-Ⅰ -2 -1 +3 +1 -3 -2 -1 -1 +3 +3 +3 +3

Plantation +Ⅱ +2 +3 +2 +3 +1 +2 -1 +1 +1 +3 +2 +3

Breeding -Ⅱ -2 -1 +3 -2 -1 -2 -2 -3 +1 +3 +3Processing Workshop

-Ⅰ -1 +2 +1 -2 -1 -2 -1 +3 +3 +3

Remarks:（1）single impact identification represents the impact of one specific project upon one specific

environment, which is described as +：positive impact; -：negative impact；1：slight impact；2：general

impact；3：great impact.（2）Integrated (or accumulated) impact identification represents the impact of one

specific work upon all environments or the impact of one specific environment upon all works, which is used for

the selection of parameters. And it can be described as:Ⅰ：slight impact;Ⅱ：general impact；and Ⅲ：great impact.

During constructions, the roads, workshops and office buildings are the long term impacts. And

others are temporary impacts. The impacts are mainly on the eco-environment, water and soil losses,

social environment, water, acoustical environment and air.

The impacts in operation period are long term impacts including acoustical environment, water,

air, ecology, social and economic environment..

2. Selection of assessment parameters

Based on the impact identification and environment sensitivity, the parameters are shown in

15


the following table.

Table 1.4-4 The Identified Environment Assessment Parameters of Each Project Component

Project Stage

Environment Factor Environment Impact Factor Assessment Parameter

Implementation stage

Noise Transport noise noise

WaterWater resources Water balance

Agricultural pesticide, fertilizerNitrogen, phosphorus, agricultural

pesticide（irrigation runoff）Atmospheri

c environmen

t

Emissing gas during pesticide usage, manure Gaseous pesticide, odor pollutants

Solid wasteGeneral wastes Manure, package of chemicals, wasted film,

straw etc.

Dangerous wastes Wasted package of chemicals, dead animal bodies, medical wastes

Ecology Biodiversity Vegetation, animal, soil and landscape etc.

Construction Stage

Water Water and soil erosion Factor of erosion

Waste Gas Fugitive dust Fugitive dust

Noise Construction and transport noise Noise

Solid Waste Construction wastes and site cleaning earthstone

1.4.3 Assessment Class and ScopThe class and scope of environment assessment are determined in accordance with the General

Priciples of Technical Guidline of Environment Impact Assessment (HJ 2.1-2011), the Surface

Water Environment of Technical Guidline of Environment Impact Assessment (HJ/T 2.3-93), the

Atmospheric Environment of Technical Guidline of Environment Impact Assessment (HJ/T2.2 －2008), the Sound Environment of Technical Guidline of Environment Impact Assessment (HJ 2.4-

2009) and the Ecological Environment of Technical Guidline of Environment Impact Assessment

(HJ T19-2011) and in complying with project chanarters and local conditions. More details are

shown in the following table.

Table 1.3-1 The Class and Scope of Environment Impact Assessment

Content Class Scope for Current Situation Assessment Assessment ScopeSocial Environment

First Project counties and townships Project counties and townships

Ecological Environment

Third Project areas and areas 1km outside of boundary

Project areas, areas 1km outside of boundary and the sensitive areas (natural preservation areas in project counties)

Surface Water Third Project areas and the neiboring surface

water areasProject areas and the major neiboring surface water areas

Ambient Noise First Project areas and areas 200m outside of

boundaryProject areas and areas 200m outside of boundary

16


Underground Water Third The concerned underground water supply

areasThe concerned underground water supply areas

Atmospheric Environment

Third Areas 500m outside of project boundary Areas 500m outside of project boundary

Solid Wastes -- The concerned project areas The concerned project areas

1.4.4 Assessment timeThe project will be implemented within five years. And the assessment will cover both

implementation and operation periods including five years of implementation and five years of

operation.

The impacts upon eco-environment are the long term impact during implementation period. And

the Three-waste Impacts are the short term impacts. Besides those, the impacts varies due to the

adoption of different technological process and different measures for pollutant treatment during

operation period. And the impacts are the long term impacts. As the results, the operation period will

be the priority for assessment.

1.4.5 Assessment PriorityBased on project characters and the identification of environment impacts, the impacts upon eco-

environment and the social and economic development, the utilization of land and water resources,

the measures and management plan on ecology and water protection will be the priorities.

The priorities of eco-environment impact assessment cover the impacts upon agriculture,

forestry and grasslands before and after project. The assessment mainly includes land utilization,

animal and plant protection, ecological recovery, vegetation, control of water and soil losses and

the improvement of plants.

The priorities of water impact assessment cover the source of water for agriculture and animal

breeding, the impact upon surface water and the impacts of pesticide and fertilizer application upon

water before and after project.

1.5 Environment Protection Objectives1.5.1 Objectives of Pollutants Control and Environment Protection

Environment protection objectives and the relevant assessment indicators are identified in

accordance with the preliminary environment impact assessment. More details are shown in Table

1.5-1.

Table 1.5-1 Environment Protection Objectives and the Relevant Assessment Indicators

Num Environment Factor Environment Protection Objective Assessment Indicator

17


ber

1Water Resources

and Water Environment

It is to make full usage of water resources and control the exploitation of underground water for irrigation purpose to achieve sustainable usage of water. And the discharge of irrigation water may pollute the surface water at sensitive sites.

Water resources balance, water area and environment function of the

sensitive sites; water pollutants such as nitrogen; and water quality changes after using pesticide.

2Land Resources

Land Utilization

To reduce unreasonable land usage and the land requisition due to project construction.

Type of development, and type of land requisition

SoilTo protect the quality and quantity of

soils and reduce land requisition and exploitation.

Soil pollution (amount of pesticide) , water and soil loss

3

Ecological Environme

nt

Bio-diversity

To reduce the damage to animal and plants, protect biodiversity and avoid the invasion from alien species.

Biodiversity, and type and distribution of affected animal and

plantSoil

EcosystemSoil deterioration and secondary

salinizationLand erosion and secondary

salinizationWater

EcosystemWater for ecological purpose

To determine reasonable amount of irrigation water and irrigation quota

4Atmospheric Environment

To control the usage of pesticide and odor pollutants of animal breeding farm to meet the atmospheric standard; and to control the impacts of excessive usage of nitrogen fertilizers upon the atmospheric environment.

The amount of pesticide usage; the treatment of manure

5 Solid WasteHarmless treatment of wasted film,

pesticide package and bottles.

The recycle of reuse of plastic film and pesticide package, and the

collection and treatment of pesticide bottles.

1.5.2 Environment Protection ObjectivesThe sensitive objectives including natual reserves which may be affected by project

implementation are identified in project areas. The major environment protection objectives in

administration areas of project counties are shown in Table 3.3-1.

18


2 Project Description

2.1 Project Objectives and Cost

2.1.1 Project Objectivea. General objective

It is to increase the income of rural households through the development of sustainable

agriculture production system, improving institutional arrangements, increasing the inputs from

private sectors and setting up development models in destitute areas.

b. Specific Objectives

1. To establish modern, effective and sustainable agriculture production model in destitute

areas;

2. To improve the self-organization of poor people and strengthen their capacities for self-

development;

3. To develop specific measures for improving market access and technical support;

4. To demonstrate and scale up the successful poverty reduction models.

2.1.2 Project Cost and FinancingThe project cost totals to CNY720000 thousand (US$1 equals to CNY6) including US$60

million (with the equivalent to CNY360 million) of the World Bank loans making up 50% of total,

and CNY360 million of counterpart funds making up the other 50%. Of which, the amount of cost

for cooperative development is CNY46054.5 thousand including CNY26100 thousand for civil

works and CNY2580 thousand for equipment; the amount of cost for training is CNY17374.5

thousand; the amount of cost for infrastructure and service supports is CNY93500.3 thousand; the

amount of cost for institutional and policy studies on poverty reduction is CNY600 thousand; and the

amount of cost for project management and monitoring is CNY19614 thousand.

2.2 Project Components and Proposed Implementation Progress

a. Construction period

The project will be implemented for 5 years from 2014 to 2019. In accordance with the

implementation plan, the disbursement progress will be 20% at the first year, 50% at the second

and third years, 20% at the fourth year and 10% at the fifth year.

b. Project componentsIn accordance with the construction conditions, the design principles, industry development

models and the industry selection principles, the project covers four components including the

19


integrated value chain development component, the public infrastructure and service support

component, the institutional and policy studies on poverty reduction component, and the project

management and monitoring component.

（1） The Integrated Value Chain Development

This component will mainly support the cooperative development, the activities being carried

out by the cooperatives, and training and technical services for households. And it is to establish

215 farmers’ professional cooperatives for cattle, sheep and pig breedings, and patato and apple

productions in 241 project villages of 16 counties.

（2） Pbulic Infrastructure and Service Support

This component will mainly support the constructions of roads, tractor roads, irrigation and

drainage facilities, public market facilities and incubation centers, and provide financial services

and trainings.

（3） The Institutional and Policy Studies on Poverty Reduction

This component is to support the studies on poverty reduction and rural pillar industry

development, and wrap-up project implementation experience. It includes: the study on industry

development model by supporting cooperatives in Liu Panshan Mountains; the study on policy

arrangements and the pathway of service supports of cooperatives and the financial supports to

households; the study on the benefit sharing arrangement for sustainable cooperative development;

the study on models for setting up public markets, extending value chain, avoiding risks and

achieving industrial upgrading; and the study on the roles and responsibilities of incubation center,

cooperative, financial institution and household in poverty reduction.

（4） Project Management, Monitoring and Evaluation Component

This component is to establish the project management institutions at provincial, city, county

and township levels, establish the management, monitoring and evaluation arrangements and

regulations, develop the indicator system, and to purchase relevant equipment including 428 sets of

office equipment and 21 vehicles.

More details are shown in Table 2.2-1

20


Project Location Map

21

EIA Report of Poverty Alleviation and Agriculture Development Demonstration in Poor Areas Project (Gansu)

Table 2.3-1 Key Project Activities and Costs

Project Locatio

n

Name of Component/Sub-component Activities

Cost （ CNY1,000）

Proportion（%）

Total 72000Integrated value chain

developmentCooperative development To set up 215 cooperatives.

Management facilities

An’ding District

Civil worksTo set up 16 cooperatives with the provision of 100m2 of offices, 7000m2 of animal sheds, 640m2 of forage storages, 320m2 of epidemic prevention station and 6000m3 of silage pit for each cooperative.

990 24.89

Office equipment To provide 1 computer, 1 printer and 1 set of office furniture for each cooperative. 19.2 0.48

Other equipmentTo purchase 96 silage cutters, 32 sterilizing machines, 7 TMRs, 33 sets of epidemic prevention equipment, 112 grounders, 112 silage mixers, 64 kneading machines and 16 farming vehicles.

994.9 25.01

Management training To provide training for 8263 person-times. 20 0.50Household training 78.63 1.98

Gulang County

Civil worksTo set up 15 cooperatives with the provision of 100m2 of offices, 600m2 of animal sheds,600m2 of epidemic prevention station and 15000m3 of silage pit for each cooperative.

711.6 20.29

Office equipment To provide 15 cooperatives with 1 computer, 1 printer and 1 set of office furniture for each. 18 0.51

Other equipment To purchase 1 harvester, 1 refrigerator, 5 TMRs and 50 sets of epidemic prevention equipment for each of 15 cooperatives. 324.5 9.25

Management training To provide 400 person-times of management training. 20 0.57Household training To provide 7160 person-times of household training. 71.6 2.04

Heshui

Civil works To set up 12 cooperatives with provision of 100m2 of offices and 12 epidemic prevention stations with each of 30m2. 234 8.93

Office equipment To provide 1 computer, 1 printer and 1 set of office furniture for each cooperative 14.4 0.55

Other equipment To purchase 12 farming vehicles, 288 film mulching machines and 120 sprayers. 90 3.43Management training To provide 400 person-times of management training. 20 0.76Household training To provide 9121 person-times of household training. 91.21 34.67

Huachi Civil works To set up 16 cooperatives with the provision of 100m2 of offices, 8799m2 of 1031.9 32.94

22


Project Locatio

n



Proportion（%）

animal sheds, 1600m2 of forage storages, 480m2 of epidemic prevention station and 8799m3 of silage pit for each cooperative.

Office equipment To provide 16 computer, 16 printer and 16 sets of office furniture. 19.2 0.61

Other equipmentTo purchase 16 silage cutters, 16 silage paching machines, 16 pellet machines, 16 sets of epidemic prevention equipment (including injector and refrigerator), 16 refrigerators and 2 TMRs.

138.4 4.42

Management training To provide 402 person-days of management training. 20.1 0.64Household training To provide 2539 person-times of household training. 25.39 0.81

Huanxian

Civil works To set up 16 cooperatives with the provision of 100m2 of offices, 2700m2 of animal sheds, 800m2 of forage storages and 960m2 of collection room. 493 16.85


Other equipment To purchase 16 film mulching machines, 16 harvesters, 16 silage paching machines, 16 TMRs and 16 sets of epidemic prevention equipment. 611.2 20.89

Management training To provide 400 person-times of management training for each cooperative each year. 20 0.68Household training To provide 1003 person-times of household training. 10.03 0.34

Jinning

Civil works To set up 10 cooperatives with the provision of 100m2 of office for each cooperative. 150 4.18

Office equipment To provide 1 computer, 1 printer and 1 set of office furniture for each cooperative. 12 0.33

Other equipment To purchase 100 cultivators, 100 film mulching machines, 50 sprayers and construct 65ha of hail protection net. 653.75 18.20

Management training To provide 375 person-times of management training at the first two years of project implementation. 18.75 0.52

Household training To provide 9367 person-times of technical training. 93.67 2.61

Longxi

Civil works To set up 12 cooperatives with the provision of 100m2 of offices for each cooperative. 180 5.32



MinxianCivil works

To set up 20 cooperatives with the provision of 100m2 of offices, 10000m2 of animal sheds, 2000m2 of forage storage and 500 m2 of epidemic prevention station for each cooperative.

1175 33.27

Office equipment To provide 1 computer, 1 printer and 1 set of office furniture for each cooperative.

24 0.68

23


Project Locatio

n



Proportion（%）

Other equipment To purchase 100 silage cutters, 20 sterilizing machines, 2 TMRs, 20 sets of epidemic prevention equipment, 20 refrigerators and 100 grounders. 284 8.04

Management training To provide 500 person-times of management training. 25 0.71Household training To provide 7400 person-times of household training. 74 2.10

Tongwei

Civil works To set up cooperatives with the provision of 100m2 of offices and 10340m3 of silage pit for each cooperative. 520.2 13.70


Other equipment To purchase 14 silage cutters, 14 kneading machines, 14 harvesters, 14 sterilizing machines, 14 silage packing machines and 14 sets of epidemic prevention equipment. 288.4 7.59

Management training To provide 276 person-times of management training. 13.8 0.36Household training To provide 4671 person-times of household training. 46.71 1.23

Weiyuan

Civil worksTo set up 18 cooperatives with the provision of 100m2 of offices, 6300m2 of animal sheds, 3000m2 of forage storages, 360m2 of epidemic prevention station, 600m2 of collection room and 6300m3 of silage pit for each cooperative.

1194 30.01



Yongjing

Civil worksTo set up 12 cooperatives with the provision of 100m2 of offices, 5000m2 of animal sheds, 142m2 of forage storages, 140m2 of epidemic prevention station and 900m3 of silage pit for each cooperative.

560.1 15.18



Zhang Jiachuan

Civil worksTo set up cooperatives with the provision of 100m2 of offices, 14200m2 of animal sheds, 720m2 of forage storages and 180m2 of epidemic prevention station for each cooperative.

1237 34.35


Other equipmentTo purchase 60 silage cutters, 12 sterilizing machines, 24 silage packing machines, 23 sets of epidemic prevention machines, 12 refrigerators, 24 grounders and 24 kneading machines.

289.1 8.03

Management training To provide 500 person-days of management training. 25 0.69Household training To provide 11279 person-days of household training. 112.79 3.13

24


Project Locatio

n



Proportion（%）

Zhengning

Civil works To set up 13 cooperatives with the provision of 100m2 of offices for each cooperative. 195 7.45


Other equipment To purchase 39 cultivators. 19.5 0.75Management training To provide 400 person-times of management training. 20 0.76Household training To purchase 8840 person-times of household training. 88.4 3.38

Zhuanglang

Civil works To set up cooperatives with the provision of 100m2 of offices for each cooperative in 11 villages. 165 4.58


Other equipment To purchase hail protection nets for 114ha of orchards and 66 cultivators. 1059 29.37Management training To provide 400 person-days of management training. 20 0.55Household training To provide 7750 person-days of household training. 78 2.16

Dongxiang

Civil works To build 100m2 of offices, 18000m2 of animal sheds, 14200m2 of forage storages, 300m2 of epidemic prevention station and 3000m3 of silage pits. 1542 39.21


Other equipmentTo purchase 6 cultivators, 6 silage cutters, 6 sterilizing machines,6 silage packing machines, 6 grounders, 6 TMRs, 6 sets of epidemic prevention equipment, 6 refrigerators and 6 farming vehicles.

173.4 4.21


Lintao

Civil worksTo set up cooperatives with the provision of 1200m2 of offices,21017m2 of animal sheds, 486m2 of forage storages, 360m2 of epidemic prevention station and 14000m3 of silage pits.

2149.49 54.40


Other equipmentTo purchase 25 silage cutters, 24 sterilizing machines, 12 grounders, 6 TMRs, 12 sets of epidemic prevention equipment, 12 refrigerators, 25 pellet machines, 12 silage mixers and 12 kneading machines.

272.3 6.89


Conditional grant to cooperatives

25


Project Locatio

n



Proportion（%）

An’ding

Sheep breeding To purchase 12604 ewes fro 16 villages of 2 township, set up 80 domestration households and provide supports to 2420 poor households. 1512.48 38.03

Procurement of fine variety ram To purchase 488 poll dorest or sulffork ram for hybridizing with 12604 local ewes or small tail han sheep. 292.8 7.36

Market development Product package, design and certification; quality standard, label, certification and tracing; logistics and food safety; information platform maintenance. 49.4 1.24

Gulang

Sheep breeding To develop 17779 small tail han ewes for 16 villages of Huang Yangchuan Town, Hengliang Township and Gancheng Township. 2133.48 60.82

Procurement of fine variety ram To purchase 125 dorset or sulffork rams for 3 fine variety reproduction farms. 75 2.14

Market development Product package, design and certification; quality standard, label, certification and tracing; logistics and food safety; information platform maintenance. 64 1.82

Heshui


Standard orchard management To adopt standard management measures in the low-yield apple orchard and built 629.12ha of standard apple orchard. 1041.1936 39.73

Storage pit for apples To build 312 apple storage pits. 936 35.71

Huachi

Procurement of fine variety ewe1500 households will be included into the sheep breeding scheme. And the cooperatives will adopt the sustainable development approach by giving sheep and returning with lamb. The cooperatives will provide 9185 small tail han sheep.

1102.2 35.18

Procurement of fine variety ram To purchase 300 rams for reproduction of fine variety. 180 5.75Grass production To plant 600ha of alfafa. 255.6 8.16

Storage facilities To build one meat storage room (including acid discharge room, fast cooling room and freezing room). 70 2.23

markets To build one market for live animal and poultry trading (including information platform, trading area, service area and parking lot etc.). 300 9.58


Huanxian

Procurement of fine variety ewe

The cooperatives will adopt the sustainable development approach by providing sheep for breeding and returing with lamb. And the cooperatives will provide 12246 sheep with one ram for 10 ewes. The cost of ewe will be shared by project, cooperative and household at 50%, 30% and 20% separately. And the cost of ram will be beard by the project. And the cooperatives will set up the platform for ram exchanging.

1469.52 50.22

Procurement of fine variety ram To purchase 100 fine variety rams. 60 2.05Storage facilities Fresh meat storage room: to select 2 cooperatives for establishing the storage rooms. 140 4.78

markets To set up 3 markets for live animal and poultry trading. 750 57.74Market development Product package, design and certification; quality standard, label, certification and 83 2.84

26


Project Locatio

n



Proportion（%）

tracing; logistics and fo food safety; information platform maintenance.

JinningMarket development Product package, design and certification; quality standard, label, certification and

tracing; logistics and food safety; information platform maintenance. 77 2.14

Standard orchard management To develop 913.87ha of orchards for standard management. 1542.2 42.93Formula fertilization To apply formula fertilization for 828ha of lands. 1024.65 28.52

Longxi

Codonopsis pilosula seedling To develop 92ha of colonopsis pilosula seedling bases in 12 villages of Shouyang, Fuxing, Kezhai, Shuangquan and Dexing townships. 1012.92 29.91

Astragalus mongholicus seedling To develop 121.37ha of astragalus mongholicus seedling bases in 12 villages of Shouyang, Fuxing, Kezhai, Shuangquan and Dexing townships. 782.84 23.12

Codonopsis pilosula productionTo develop 105ha of codonopsis pilosula production as the GAP demonstration in 12 villages of Shouyang, Fuxing, Kezhai, Shuangquan and Dexing townships with the adopting of biological usage of straws to improve soil erosion.

481.95 14.23

Product processing

To set up 12 workshops for preliminary processing of herbal medicines in each cooperative of Shouyang Town (36 workshop in total); and to set up 7 workshops in each cooperative of Fuxing, Kezhai, Shuangquan and Dexing townships (63 workshops in total), totaling to 99 workshops.

198 5.85

Storage facilities To build one storage room for storing of herbal medicine for each cooperative (12 storage rooms for 12 cooperatives) with the capacity of 400t to 500t. 576 17.01


MinxianSheep breeding To develop 8379 Tibetan ewes. 1005.48 28.47

Procurement of fine variety ram To purchase 276 Tibetan rams with the coverage of 2000 households. 165.6 4.69Pig breeding To breed 4000 herbal medicine pigs with the coverage of 800 households. 640 18.12

Tongwei

Cattle breedingTo purchase 2745 Qinchuan or Simmental cowes to produce fine variety of cattle for 5 villages of Biyu Township including Shitan, Nancha, Lichuan, Biyu and Zhuchuan villages.

2196 57.81

Market analysis and development Product package, design and certification; quality standard, label, certification and tracing; logistics and food safety; information platform maintenance. 150 3.95

PPP To provide training and technical services up to 400 person-times. 4 0.09Weiyuan Sheep breeding To purchase 6399 small tail han ewes for 10 viilages of Qingyuan, Shangwan,

Wuzhu and Huichuan townships. 768 19.30

Procurement of fine variety ram To purchase 150 dorest or surfollk rams for 10 villages of Qingyuan, Shangwan,Wuzhu and Huichuan townships. 90 2.07

Grass production To produce 203.81ha of grasses in 10 villages of Qingyuan, Shangwan, Wuzhu and Huichuan townships. 86.82 2.00

Breeding of the 1st class potato seeds

To reproduce 400ha of the 1st class potato seeds in 12 villages of Huichuan and Wuzhu towns.

445.2 10.26

27


Project Locatio

n



Proportion（%）

Breeding of the origin potato seeds To reproduce 350ha of origin potato seeds in 12 villages of Huichuan and Wuzhu towns. 739.73 17.04

Storage room for potatos To set up 8 storage rooms in Huichuan and Wuzhu towns. 400 9.21Storage room for fresh meat To set up one fresh meat storage room in Shi Tougou village of Wuzhu Town. 70 1.61

Yongjing

Sheep breedingTo purchase 6371 small tail han sheep for 18 villages of 4 townships with 5 sheep for each household. And it will support 1500 households in breeding and set up 90 demonstration households.

764.52 20.72

Breeding of the 1st class potato seeds

To produce 140ha of the 1st class of No.3 Long potato in 18 villages of 4 townships with 5mu of production for each household. And it will support 3000 households in production and establish 100 households as the demonstrations.

1113 25.72

Breeding of the origin potato seedsTo produce 1000ha of the 1st class of No.3 Long potato in 5 villages of Yangta township with 3mu of production for each household. And it will support 1200 households in production and establish 50 households as the demonstrations.

295.89 8.02

Storage room for potatos It will build 75 storage rooms with the capacity of 10t for each in 12 villages of 4 townships. 75 2.03

Zhang Jiachuan

Cattle breeding To purchase 190 cows for fine variety reproduction and expand the Honghua Cattle of Zhang Jiachuan. 1772.8 49.23

Grass production To produce 230ha of sainfoin and improve the animal breeding method by adopting the shed breeding. 97.98 2.26

Market for live animal and poultry trading (average unit price)

To build one market for live animal and poultry trading by relying on the cattle breeding cooperative of Jinchuan Village of Malu Township with the coverage of 65906 people, 12619 households and 4 townships. The market will occupy 12mu of lands including traing area, breeding area, service area, waste treatment area and parking lot.

290 6.70

Market for potato trading One market. 290 6.70

Zhengning

Upgrading of the old orchard To upgrade 4382ha of apple trees in 13 villages. 558.705 21.35Formula fertilization 171ha 211.6125 8.09

Storage room for apple 150 storage rooms 450 17.20

Zhuanglang

Standard orchard management 1320.89ha 2186.07 60.63

Market developmentCNY350 thousand for product package, design and certification; CNY250thousand for quality standard, label, certification and tracing; CNY50 thousand for information platform maintenance.

65 1.80

Dongxiang

Sheep breeding To purchase 15671 ewes. 1880.52 47.93

Procurement of fine variety ram To purchase 300 rams (10 rams for each cooperative per year, totaling to 60 rams for eachcooperative). 180 4.37

Market development Product package, design and certification; quality standard, label, certification and 21 0.51

28


Project Locatio

n



Proportion（%）

tracing; logistics and food safety; information platform maintenance.

Lintao

Procurement of fine variety ewe To purchase 9311 ewes. 1117.32 28.28Procurement of fine variety ram To purchase 372.44 rams for reproduction. 223.464 5.66

PPP To provide training and services up to 1000 person-days. 10 0.25

Market developmentCNY350 thousand for product package, design and certification; CNY250thousand for quality standard, label, certification and tracing; CNY50 thousand for information platform maintenance.

46 1.16

Public infrastructure and service support

An’ding

Office building rent To rent 80m2 office buildings at the cost of CNY20 thousand per year. 10 0.23

Office equipment To purchase 5 computers, 2 laptop computers, 2 printers, 1 projector, 2 digital cameras, 1 photocopier and 5 sets of office furnitures. 10.1 0.25

Payment of consultants and employed staff To provide consultation service by employing staff. 24 0.60

Guarantee fund To establish the guarantee funds with the amount of CNY7 million. 700 16.11

Gulang

Irrigation and drainage To build one water tank. 385 8.70Public service Food safety examination and control. 22 0.50



Payment of cooperative facilitator 72 1.63

Heshui

Road concrete To concrete road pavement up to 40km. 1280 90.01Office building rent To rent buildings for incubation center at the cost of CNY20 thousand per year. 10 0.23



Guarantee fund To establish the guarantee funds with the amount of CNY4 million. 400 9.19Huachi

Production roads and terrace lands

In order to improve the transportation for sheep breeding, it is to construct 12kmof roads with sand surface, 4.5m wide of road base, 3.5m wide of surface and 18cm thick of sand surface in 4 villages of 2 townships; and to build 130ha of terrace lands to provide straws for sheep breeding.

271.44 29.87

Irrigation and drainage To construct 530 wells to provide drinking water for sheep breeding. 106 11.66Powere facilities To build 20km of electricity lines to meet power shortage of cooperatives. 160 17.6

29


Project Locatio

n



Proportion（%）

Office building rent To rent buildings for incubation center at the cost of CNY20 thousand per year. 10 0.23


Payment of consultants and employed staff To provide consultation services by employing staff. 10 0.23

Guarantee fund To set up the guarantee funds with the amount of CNY4 million. 400 9.19

Huanxian

Production roads and terrace lands To construct 16km of roads with sand surface. 101.92 7.85

Irrigation and drainage—water tand To construct 1500 water tanks with 15m3 of each tank to meet increased water demand of sheep breeding. 300 6.53

Powere facilities To build 6km of rural power lines for 16 cooperatives. 48 3.70


Jinning


To expand 70km of field roads with sand surface including a 6km road each in Michaand Wacha villages of Xixiang township, a 8km road in Xiwan village and a 10km road in Gaoliu village of Gucheng township, a 6km road each in Yuhuang and Zhangzi villages of Hongsi township, a 4km road each in Sifu and Weiwan villages of Jie Shipu town, and a 8km road in Yangchuan village and a 12km road in Shangma village of Siqiao township. The roads will be constructed for three years and started at the third year of project implementation with 20km roads completed in the third year, 30km roads in the fourth year and 20km roads in the fifth year.

445.9 9.76

Office building rent CNY20 thousand per year. 10 0.22


Longxi

Production roads and terrace lands To concrete 24km of production roads for herbal medicine production. 384 8.38Office building rent To rent office buildings at the cost of CNY100 thousand. 10 0.22


Minxian


To concrete 10km of production roads in villages: Qingtu to Gashan (2km), Zhujia village to Qiao Jiagou village (1.5km), Baoshe village to Xiaolin village (1km), No.1 group of Dujia village to No.2 group of Dujia village (1km), No.5 group to No.6 group of Zhuan Tazhai village (1km), 1km road in Yucao village, a 1km road in Hongya village and a 1.5km road in Chatao village.

320 7.37

Office building rent To rent office buildings. 10 0.23Office equipment To purchase 5 computers, 2 laptop computers, 2 printers, 1 projector, 2 digital 10.1 0.23

30


Project Locatio

n



Proportion（%）

cameras, 1 photocopier and 5 sets of office furnitures.

Public services Food safety examination and control, product promotion, information platform, and cooperative facilitator, CNY400 thousand in total. 40 7.98

Tongwei

Office building rent To rent office buildings. 10 0.23


Guarantee fund To set up the guarantee funds with the amount of CNY6 million. 600 13.8Payment of consultants and employed

staff CNY100 thousand for consultation with CNY20 thousand per year. 10 0.23

Weiyuan

Production roads and terrace lands To construct 5km of roads with sand surface. 31.85 0.73Market facilities To build 1 market at Wuzhu Town for potato trading. 136 3.13


Public services Food safety examination and control, product promotion, information platform, and cooperative facilitator, CNY670 thousand in total. 67 0.23

Yongjing

Production roads and terrace landsTo construct 12 roads with the total length of 16.91km in 12 villages of 4 tonwhsips. The roads will be constructed with 4.5m wide of base, 3.5m wide of road surface and 18cm thick of sand pavement.

107.7167 2.49

Office building rent To rend office buildings at the cost of CNY20 thousand. 10 0.23


Payment of consultants and employed staff CNY20 thousand per year. 10 0.23

Guarantee fund To set up the guarantee funds with the amounty of CNY5 million. 500 11.55

Zhang Jiachuan

Office building rent To rent 100m2 of office buildings at the cost of CNY20 thousand per year. 10 0.23


Payment of consultants and employed staff

To pay the consultants and the employed staff at the cost of CNY20 thousand per year. 10 0.23

Guarantee fund To set up the guarantee funds with amount of CNY5 million. 500 11.55Zhengni

ng Production roads and terrace lands To concrete 7km of roads with cement pavement and 22km roads with sand pavement. 364.14 8.37

Irrigation and drainage To build 20km of irrigation pipes. 80 1.84Office building rent To rent office buildings for incubation center at the cost of CNY20 thousand per

year.10 0.23

31


Project Locatio

n



Proportion（%）


Payment of consultants and employed staff To provide consultation service once a year. 10 0.23

Guarantee fund To set up the guarantee funds with amount of CNY5 million. 500 11.49

Zhuanglang

Production roads and terrace lands To construct 50km of roads with sand pavement. 318.5 7.36Office building rent To rent office buildings at the cost of CNY20 thousand per year. 10 0. 23


Payment of consultants and employed staff

To engage consultants to provide consultation services on the production, storage and marketing of fruits. 10 0.23

Guarantee fund To set up the guarantee funds with the amount of CNY4 million. 400 9.24

Dongxiang

Incubation center To establish one incubation center in Dongxiang County. 97.5 2.37Office building rent To rent office buildings at the cost of CNY20 thousand per year. 10 0.24

training To delivery training for 50 person-times. 17.5 0.42Payment of consultants and

employed staffTo engage consultants to provide consultation services on the production, storage and marketing of fruits. 10 0.24

Payment of cooperative facilitator 60 1.46

Lintao

Office building rent To rent office buildings at the cost of CNY20 thousand per year. 10 0.23


Payment of consultants and employed staff To engage one consultant per year. 10 0.23

Guarantee fund To set up the guarantee funds with the amount of CNY4 million. 400 9.21Project management, monitoring

and evaluation

An’ding

Vehicle 1 vehicle 18 0.41Taining and study 846 training in the province and 574 domestic study tours 1 0.025

Project management

Meeting (twice/year, 10 times in total; CNY500 thousand in total); consultation (5people/year, 25 people in total, CNY10 thousand/year, CNY50 thousand in total); project management (CNY100 thousand/year, CNY500 thousand in total).

105 2.42

Gulang Transportation tool 1 vehicle 18 0.41Taining and study Domestic training and study tours: 10 person-time/year, 50 person-times in total;

cost: CNY80 thousand/year, CNY400 thousand in total. 40 0.90

32


Project Locatio

n



Proportion（%）

Project management

Meeting (twice/year, 10 times in total; CNY100 thousand/year, CNY500 thousand in total); consultation (10 people/county/year, 50 people in total, CNY20 thousand/year, CNY100 thousand in total); CNY250 thousand for project inspection.

85 1.92

Transportation tool 1 vehicle 18 0.41

Heshui

Taining and studyDomestic training and study tours: 20 person-time/year, 100 person-times in total; cost: CNY70 thousand/year, CNY350 thousand in total; overseas study tours: 2 person-time, cost: CNY60thousand in total.

41 0.94

Project managementMeeting (twice/year, 10 times in total; CNY500 thousand in total); consultation (5people/year, 25 people in total, CNY10 thousand/year, CNY50 thousand in total); project management (CNY100 thousand/year, CNY500 thousand in total).

105 2.41

Huachi



41 0.94


105 2.41

Huanxian



41 0.89


105 2.29

Jinning



41 0.90


105 2.30

Longxi Transportation tool 1 vehicle 18 0.39Taining and study Domestic training and study tours: 20 person-time/year, 100 person-times in total;

cost: CNY70 thousand/year, CNY350 thousand in total; overseas study tours: 2 person-time, cost: CNY60thousand in total.

41 0.89

33


Project Locatio

n



Proportion（%）


105 2.29

Minxian



41 0.94


105 2.42

Tongwei



41 0.94


105 2.42

Weiyuan

Training and study Domestic training and study tours: 10 person-time/year, 50 person-times in total; cost: CNY80 thousand/year, CNY400 thousand in total. 40 0.92

Operation costMeeting (twice/year, 10 times in total; CNY500 thousand in total); consultation (10 people/year, 50 people in total, CNY20 thousand/year, CNY100 thousand in total); project inspection (CNY50 thousand/year, CNY250 thousand in total).

85 1.96

Monitoring and evaluation One in 2016 and one in 2018 10.4 0.24

Yongjing



41 0.95


105 2.43

Zhang Jiachuan



41 0.95

Project management Meeting (twice/year, 10 times in total; CNY500 thousand in total); consultation (5people/year, 25 people in total, CNY10 thousand/year, CNY50 thousand in

105 2.43

34


Project Locatio

n



Proportion（%）

total); project management (CNY100 thousand/year, CNY500 thousand in total).

Zhengning



41 0.94


105 2.41

Zhanglang



41 0.95


105 2.43

Dongxiang

Training and studyDomestic training and study tours: 10 person-time/year, 50 person-times in total; cost: CNY80 thousand/year, CNY400 thousand in total; overseas study tours: 2 person-time, cost: CNY60thousand in total.

46 1.12

Operation costMeeting (twice/year, 10 times in total; CNY500 thousand in total); consultation (10 people/year, 50 people in total, CNY20 thousand/year, CNY100 thousand in total); project inspection (CNY50 thousand/year, CNY250 thousand in total).

85 2.06

Monitoring and evaluation 13.17 0.32

Lintao


Taining and study Domestic training and study tours: 80 person-time in total; overseas study tour: 2 person-time. 34 0.78


105 2.42

Other costs Contingency, interests during construction period, the front-end fee

35


2.3 Technical Standards of Project Constructions

2.3.1 Concrete Road PavementRoad with sand pavement: sands requirement per km is 1000m*8m*0.2m=1600m3; road

base: 4.5m wide; road surface: 3.5m wide; sand pavement: 18cm thick. The minimum bending

radius: 8-10/m; the transverse slope: 1.5％; designed load: BZZ-100 and the maximum speeding

rate: 12km/h。The national standards on class IV roads: C30 cement (30Kmt compressive strength,

4.8Kmt flexual strength), C30 cement surface + 15cm thick, 5% cement stablizing grave-sand

base + 15cm thick, natural grave sub-base, 4m wide *18cm thick.

2.3.2 Room for potato storageIn accordance with the wet and temperature required, the brick and concrete structure with

semi-underground or above-ground will be selected for the construction. The storage room will

be constructed with the construction area more than 550m2, 4m of height and the utilization area

more than 500m2 to reach 500t of storage capacity. Besides those, the storage room will be

equipped with ventilation facilities to ensure good ventilation and easy discharge of water

outside the storage room.

1. Ceiling: option1: three types of materials will be used in construction. The insulting layer

will be the bottom base with 20cm thick of vermiculites. The buffer layer will be at the middle

with 0.08mm to 0.12mm thick of plastic films. And the waterproof layer will be at the top with

herringbone structure of color coated steel sheet or other waterproof materials at 30 degrees of

slope Option 2: the top layer can be constructed with concrete pouring.

2. Thick requirement for external wall: the adoption of 24cm brick wall with 10cm of thick

polystyrene board or other insulting materials to meet temperature requirement.

3. Ventilation requirement: the ventilation facilities are required at the top and both ends of

the room. The top ventilator will be established with 5m of separating space and 2m of row

space. And one ventilator will be established at each end at 40*40cm or 60*60cm.

2.3.3 The room for fruit storage1. The structure and size

1.1 Based on local temperature, the underground structure will be adopted with 1m of soil

coverage at the top of storage room (the local frozen soil layer is between 80cm to 82cm).

1.2 Size: 16.8m long X 3.6m wide X 2.8m high. The size can be adjusted based on local

landform. But the horizontal span should be less than or equal to 3.6m.

36


2. Earthworks

The machinery excavation will be used for foundation ditch with 4.5m of excavation depth.

Strip excavation will be used for surroundings with 1.2m of wide and 0.8m of excavation depth.

The bar wall foundation trench will be established with 30cm thick lime soil compaction at 1:3

sloping coefficient.

3. Terrace

The terrace will be constructed with the adoption of trinity mixture fill (cement: lime: soil =

1:2:7) at 30cm of depth and two layer compaction.

4. Ventilation

4.1 Natural ventilation will be adopted.

4.2 The ventilating duct will be constructed with 24cm thick of brick wall at 30cm high,

30cm wide and 6cm thick of fence coverage. The location of ventilating duct is shown in the

floor map (P29 to 29 in operation manual).

4.3 Exhaust duct outside the storage room

The exhaust duct will be constructed at the 2/3 height of the wall opposite to the door and

connected with the outside ventilation duct. The size is 1mX1m. The intake will be equipped

with the air shield to adjust the size of intake. The exhaust duct is square or cylinder shaped with

1.0cm of bottom diameter and 0.8cm of top diameter. The exhaust duck is 4 to 5m higher than

the ceiling of storage room. The air conditional pit with 1m of diameter and 0.5 deep will be

excavated at the bottom of the exhaust duct. And the pit will be constructed with its wall at 24cm

thick with M7.5 grouting mortar and M10 bricks.

2.3.4 Plastic Ceiling Sheep Shed

The sheep shed is designed as semi-closed, which is convenient for covering with plastics at

winter seasons. And it faces the sun and can keep warm. The ground can be either solid or

slotted. And the floor can be produced with brick, wood or slotted wood etc. The ventilation

window is 40cm high and 60cm wide and constructed at the 1.4m height of the back-wall. The

feeding trough for meat sheep is the fixed trough with 23cm high, 23cm wide and 14cm thick.

The shed area depends on the number of sheep in the sheds. The adult sheep occupies 0.8m2 to

1.2m2. Besides those, the lambing chamber will be considered with the construction of sheep

sheds. The number of lamb can be calculated by 20% to 25% of total ewe. And each ewe will

occupy the area of 2m2 to 2.5m2.2.3.5 Silage Ammonia Pool

The pool will be constructed by 10m3 for each and with brick and cement structure. The

37


inner wall will be screeded with cement. The four angles of the wall will be screeded as arches,

which can allow silage to sink evenly during fermentation. And a small piece of land will be

left at the bottom of the pool, which can discharge the extra juice of forage. Each household

will construct one pool.

2.3.6 Market for Live Animal and Poultry Trading

（1）Requirement: the market is divided into office area, trading area and temperary

breeding area.

（2）Construction specifications：1 ） To concrete the ground, build 2m high brick wall and open a sterilizing pool of 3m

wide, 6m long and 0.1m deep at the entrance.

2 ） To build the guard room and the epidemic examination room at the sides of the

entrance. The office area will be built at the side of the epidemic examination room. And the

insulated breeding area will be built at the side of guard room with tap-water and drainage

facilities inside.

3）The trading area will be built at the middle with easy access from all directions and is

convenient for cleaning and sewage discharge.

4 ） 3m wide tree belts will be built at the oopsite of the entrance. 2 slope concreted

platforms will be built at one side of the trading area (vehicle exist) for loading and unloading

of animals, which is far away from trading area and has waste water treatment facilities, toilets,

water and electricity facilities.

5） To build one concrete pillar for each 5m2 in trading area with four hoops to plug the

animal;

6）To assign 3 to 4 veterinarians to the trading area for animal examination and carry out

regular sterilization;

7）The market dealers is responsible for the transportation and the adoption of animals.

38


2.4 Due Diligency Investigation and Related ActivitiesBased on project activities and investigation, no other project will take or compete

resourceswith the proposed project in project areas.

The due diligency investigation has been carried out to all down-reach enterprises. The

majority of enterprises are involved in simple selection and packaging of fruits. Only a few

enterprises will bring environment impacts. Therefore, the due diligency investigation is carried

out to those enterprises. The results are shown in Table 2.5-1.

39


40


Table2.5-1 Due Diligency Investigation on Relevant Institutions

Name ScaleTime in Commi

ssionTechnical Process Relation to

Project

Current Situatio

n Diligency Investigation

Lv Ye Animal

Husbandary Co. Ltd of Huachi County

It has 2 standard sheep sheds with the area of 2320m2, 3

plastic ceiling sheds with the area of 1400m2, 2

greenhouses for forage production with the area of

780m2, 2 silage ammoniatation pools with the area of 500m2 and 8

store rooms with the area of 200m2. And it has 1 comprehensive office

building with the area of 900m2. Besides those, it has 55 bred rams and 660 sheep.

2011

To purchase ram and ewe--reproduction—breeding—provide the sheep breed—provide technical services—collect lamb—breeding--fattening

To provide livestock and

poultry.

Constructed

To clean the animal fecal regularly and the fermented fecal will be sold to the neighborhood for farming; to provide harmless treatment of dead sheep and carry out regular disinfection; to keep

the environment clean and hygene. The noise meets the class II criteria of the

sandard （GB12348-2008）.

Renovation of

cooked meat

production line of Yi Wei Zhen

Muslism Food Co.

Ltd of Zhang

Jiachuan county

It is to construct one low-temperature pretreatment workshop with the area of

324m2 and one switch board room with the area of 22m2.

After the completion, the company can process 694 tons of meat and produce 500 tons of meat products

annually.

2007

Slaugher, processing, packaging and marketing of livestock and poultry products (the company has the muslim brand called Yi Weisi).

The slaughter and processing of livestock and poultry is supported under the project.

constructed

The six indicators in processed waste water including pH、COD、SS、BOD5, ammonia and petroleum meet the standard（GB13457-92）;(2) The waste gas emission meet the criteria of the standard （GB13271-2001）;(3) The monitoring results on four points with one each on the east, the west, the north and the south meet the standard (GB12348-2008）.

41

EIA Report of Poverty Allevation and Agriculture Development Demonstration in Poor Areas Project (Gansu)

3 The Baseline Situation of Environment Quality and Social Status

3.1 Natural Condition of Project SitesProject

areaNatural Status

Anding district

Dingxi city is located in the central of Gansu, connecting Lanzhou and Baiyin city in the north, adjacent Pingliang, Tianshui to the east, bordering Longnan city to the south and crossing Gannan, Linxia prefecture to the west. The total area of Dingxi city is 19609km2, with about about 1640 ~ 3900 meters high. Its terrain is covered by the hilly-gully loess plateau, with a total area of 3638km2. Divided by the Wei River, it separately has two types of natural status including loess hilly-gully region in the northern and cold damp area in the southern. It is 1750-2580 meters above sea level, with annual average rainfall of 380 mm or so, the evaporation capacity up to 1526 mm, which is a typical arid and semi-arid region. The average annual temperature 7 , frost-free period 100-160 days.℃

Gulang

county

GuLang county is located at the east side of the hexi corridor in Gansu province, the north of Qilian mountains and the southern margin of Tengger desert. It is positioned in the east longitude 102 ° 38 '- 103 ° 54', north latitude 37 ° 09 'to 37 ° 54', and respectively connects JingTai county and Tianzhu county in the southeast, bordering Liangzhou district of Wuwei city in the northwest, linking tengger desert in the north and connected with the Inner Mongolia autonomous region. The total length of the county is about 102 km long extending from east to west, and about 88 km wide from north to south, with total area of 5103 square kilometers. GuLang County is located in the center of inland, belongs to the arid desert natural area. Its geological structure is diversified as the successive mountains along to Qilian mountains in the south, the alluvial diluvia fan plain in the middle frequently flooded by Gulang River and Dajing River etc, and the vast Tengger desert in the north. Its terrain tilts from south to north, with 1550-3770 m high above sea level, which successively is distributed following 4 different type zone including the highland of Qilian mountain, hills along the lower mountains, the alluvial diluvia fan plan, and the wind erosion desert area in the north. On the landform, it has formed 3 types of natural zones, covering the Qilian mountain area in the southern (high and damp mountain area, lower mountain arid zone), the central plains irrigated area (river irrigation area, well irrigation area, and Yellow River irrigated area) and Tengger desert in northern area. Generally, mountains, lower land and desert respectively accounts for one third of its total terrain. In Gulang county, its average temperature is 6.5 , extreme maximum temperature 35 , extreme minimum temperature - 29 , the annual℃ ℃ ℃ sunshine hours 2678.9 hours, and 10 accumulated temperature days is 149 days, annual average℃ rainfall of 345.4 mm, annual evaporation is 1892.1 mm, frost-free period 177 days, annual average wind speed of 5 to 7 m/s, windy days 187 days, sandstorm days 47 days.

Huachi county

Huachi county is located in the east of Gansu and northeast of Qingyang city, bordering the counties of Zhidan, Wuqi and Dingbian in Shaanxi province in the northeast, and adjoining the counties of Huan county, Qingcheng and Heshui in the southwest. It is positioned in east longitude 107 ° 29 '- 108 ° 33', latitude 36 ° 07 '- 36 ° 51'. Totally, there are 4 urban towns, 11 rural townships attached to the county, including Yuele town, Rouyuan town, Yuancheng town, Nanliang town, Chenghao township, Wujiao township, Shangliyuan township, Wangzhuizi township, Baima township, Huaian township, Qiaochuan township, Qiaohe township, Shanzhuang township, Linzheng towns, Zifangpan township. The county government office is located in Rouyuan township. Its total land area is 3776 square kilometers, with a total population of 131000, which consists 13 minority ethnics including Han, Mongolian, Hui, Tibetan, Uygur, Mia, Zhuang, Man, Dong, Tu, Yi, Buyi and Korea. The economy growth of the county is based on semi farming-grazing agriculture production. The natural secondly forest is mostly distributed in the eastern mountain of the county, while grassland mostly in the western area of the

42


county. Huachi county is geologically located in the hilly and gully area of the Loess Plateau, combining mountains, lower land and hills etc interlocked. The county is in the height of 1100-1100 meters above sea level, annual average rainfall of 510 mm, annual average temperature 8.7 , and℃ frost-free period 178 days. The county is divided into three categories area: the northern farming and pastoral areas, which processes broad meadows and ought to develop animal husbandry; South central plain agricultural areas, where loose soil is fertile and adaptable to the development of agriculture, where is also a major farming area and breadbasket county; Plain damp area in the east, where the terrain is lower and flat, enjoying fertile land and humid climate, with superior condition for farming and grazing. There are 4 rivers passing through the county, which respectively are Yuanchengchuang River, Rouyuanchuan River, Chenghaochuan River, Erjiangchuan River, which contributes over 4million m3 of total annual runoff.

Heshui county

Heshui county, located in the southeast of Qingyang city, Gansu province, the west of Ziwuling mountains. It borders Fu county, Shaanxi province in the east, Links Qingcheng county in the west, connects Ning county in the south and adjoins Huachi county and Zhidan county of Shaanxi province in the north. Heshui county is positioned at the Loess Plateau, the east of Gansu, at the location of the longitude 107 ° 51 '- 108 ° 42', latitude 35 ° 36 '- 36 °37', an average elevation of 1450 meters. The terrain of Heshui county is interlocked by the high mountains and flat area, and is higher in the northeast and lower in the southwest, passed through by the famous Ziwuling mountains which separates the whole county into the east and west two parts, and appears the phenomenon of rivers flowing to the east in the eastern area and flowing to the west in the western area of the county. Heshui county is located in the mid-latitudes, with outstanding continental climate, which typically is cold and dry in the winter and spring, and warm and humid in summer and autumn. Raining and hot weather appear at the same period of year, enjoys sufficient sunlight and big temperature difference between day and night. Affected by monsoon, northwest wind always appears in the winter, and southeast wind appears in the summer, with hot summer and rainy autumn, humid climate. Annual average temperature is 9.4 , with annual℃ extreme minimum temperature of 16.2 , annual average frost-free period 160 days, maximum frozen℃ soil depth 920 mm, annual average sunshine hours of 2450 hours.

The average annual rainfall is about 588 millimeters, with variation annually ranges 309-101.4 millimeter, annual average precipitation days for 85-95 days, rainfall mainly concentrated in July, August, September three months, which nearly takes about 65% of annual rainfall, the average annual evaporation is 1460 mm, relative humidity ranges 35-95%. Rivers in Heshui county is divided by Ziwuling mountain, including Jinghe rivers scheme and Luohe rivers scheme. Malianghe river, Xianchuan river, Gucheng river belongs to the tributaries of Jinghe rivers scheme; Hulu river, Miaocun river belong to the tributaries of Luohe river scheme, with annual average total runoff volume of 55 million cubic meters. Malian River is one of the biggest rivers in the county, which originates from Ziwuling mountain, with the total length of 186 kilometers, the annual runoff is 37.5 million cubic meters, average annual flow of 1.89 cubic meters per second. The natural resource of groundwater amounts 98.25 million cubic meters per year, the mineable groundwater resource is about 41.6 million cubic meters per year, with average depth of 15 to 60 meters. There is not any industrial pollution in the county, which enables the quality of local water could meet the required standard both for drinking and irrigation.

Minxian MinXian is located in the conjunction area of the Loess Plateau, the east of Gansu, and Gannan pasture area and Longnan high mountain area. Its total area is about 3500 square kilometers, of which: the cultivated land area of 644900 mu, forest land area of 720000 mu, and grassland area of 2.17 million mu. There are over 9 townships in rural area, 9 townships in urban area, 310 villages (communities) committees, with a total population of 476100, hui, including 9 minority ethnics of Tibetan, Dongxiang, Sarah, Yugu, Man etc. Inside the county, it generally is higher than 2040-3754 meters above sea level,

43


with annual average temperature of 6.1 degrees, rainfall of 556.3 mm.

Zhuanglang county

Zhuanglang county belongs to the hilly-gully loess plateau area, covered by the territory of mountains with the topography of higher in the east and lower in the west. The LiuPanShan mountain stands high in the east, and interlocked among its 6 brunches of the mountains, passing through the whole county. Bedrock mountain and hilly gully accounted for 93.5% of the total area of the county. Within the territory, its altitude mostly ranges between 1405-2857 m. The weather in the county belongs to the continental monsoon climate, with a big temperature difference between the north area and the south area. The annual average temperature is 8.4 , sunshine hours 2075.9 hours, frost-free period 198 days.℃ The area in the county, with the altitude ranging from 1405-1840 meters, enjoys the annual average rainfall of 659 mm, with sufficient sunlight, big temperature difference between day and night, which is a continental monsoon climate. Hydrologically, the county is poor in hydro resource. The type of its vegetation for the county belongs to the transition type changing from forest steppe vegetation to semi-arid vegetation.

Zhengning county

Zhengning county is located in the southeast of Qingyang city, Gansu province, with vast land resources. Its total area is 374 square kilometers, wholly covered by forests and grasses. It belongs to the temperate continental monsoon humid and humid climate. Due to its relatively flat topography, and affected by the summer monsoon, It has a relative less changes of climate elements. The whole terrain of the county has been divided into 4 flat hills and flatland by 3 rivers of Zhidang river, Silang river and Jiayu river. The general elevation of the county ranges from 880 meters to 1756meters, with average temperature 8.7 , annual average rainfall of 616.7 millimeters, frost-free period 158 days, which is a℃ typical rainfed agricultural county. The average annual rainfall of the county is 623.5 mm, with total annual precipitation 851 million cubic meters.

Tongwei county

Tongwei county is located in the southeast of Gansu province, the east of Dingxi city, belongs to the middle and upper reaches of the tributary of Weihe river-Niugu river. It is located in east longitude 104 ° 48 '- 105 ° 39', latitude 34 ° 55 '- 35 ° 30'. The length from the east to the west of the county is about 78 km, width from the north and south about 64 km wide, with a total area of 2908.5 square kilometers. The county is characterized by a distinct seasons, raining and heat weather basically appears in the same period, with significant precipitation variability, sufficient sunlight. Its average temperature is 7.2 ,℃ extreme minimum temperature of -27.1 , extreme maximum temperature 33.9 , annual average℃ ℃ frost-free period 146d, ranging from 191 days to 99 days. The shortest average annual sunshine hours is 2113.6 days, accounted for 48% of duration of all possible sunshine, annual total radiation 128.6 kcal/cm squared, 0 above duration of 247.8 days, annual average rainfall of 390.6 mm, rain days 96℃ days. The extreme maximum rainfall is 610.6 mm, minimum 253.9 mm of rainfall, rainfall mainly concentrated in three months, July, August, September, and often happens in the form of rainstorm, taking about 57% of its annual rainfall. The annual average relative humidity in the county is 70%, with the average wind speed 1.8 m/s, the average evaporation 1337.9 mm. The main meteorological disasters are drought, hail and frost. The total volume of water resource in the County is about 96.9 million cubic meters, of which the surface water of 80.92 million cubic meters and 15.98 million cubic meters of groundwater, the salt water which is difficult to use of 2200 cubic meters, the useable water of 7490 cubic meters, and the surface water flowed-in of 1296 cubic meters.

Zhangjiachuan county

Zhangjiachuan Hui Autonomous County is located in the southeast of Gansu province, the northeast of Tianshui city, and the west of Long mountain. It belongs to the transition zone of the two tectonic units of Liupan geosyndine and Longxi platform, where is the conjunction of Liupanshan mountain meridional tectonic and Qinling mountain zonal tectonic, and geographically located at the longitude 105 ° 54 '- 106 ° 35', latitude 34 ° 44 '- 35 °11'. Its terrain leans from northeast to southwest, and slightly oblique triangle. The total area of the county is 1311.8 square kilometers, stretching 62 km in the length from the east to the west, and 48 kilometers in the width from the north to the south. The climate in the

44


county is a temperate continental monsoon climate. Due to the complex diversity of its terrain, it has clearly formed the obvious geographic stereo microclimate environment. In the middle and west area of the county, it belongs to the moderate semi-arid zone, cold arid zone and temperate cold semi-arid zone, mild climate, sufficient sunshine, frost-free period is long, but less rainfall; In the northeast area of the county, it performs as temperate cold semi-humid zone, temperate cold humid zone, with slightly cold weather, relatively poor sunshine, much short frost-free period, adequate rainfall etc. It has diversified climates in the county, with annual average temperature 7.5 , frost-free period 163 days, annual℃ sunshine hours 2044 hours, annual average rainfall of 600 mm. Its features are: short summer without heat, long and cold winter. Raining and hot weather appears in the same season, with humid summer and dry winter, cold early autumn, large temperature difference during day and night, without extreme hot weather in the summer.

Huan county

Huan county is located at the conjunction of three provinces, including Gansu, Shanxi and Ningxia, the center of Ordos Basin, which is the pivot of Giant Northwest Economic Circle. And the railway from Yingchuan to Sichuan passes through the whole county. There are over 20 townships, 1 tourism development office, 250 administrative villages attached the county, with a total land area of 9236 square kilometers and a population of 351000, of which 93% agricultural population, 3.07 million mu arable land. Within the territory of the county, generally, its altitude ranges from 1200-2089 meters, average annual rainfall 300 mm, annual average sunshine hours of 2600 hours.

Jinning county

Jingning county is located in the hilly-gully loess plateau, the terrain tilts from the northwest to southeast, with elevation of 1600-2245 meters. Its terrain has been divided into Hulu River valley and flat area, valley basin, hilly slopes, ridge and loess hills, including about 1098 ridges and loess hills. The total length of ridge mountain amounts 1652km and 13 of them are the main barriers. Divided by Hulu river as the boundary, the east side is the branch of LiuPanShan mountain, and the west side is of the remaining hills of Huajialin mountain. Stratum is mainly the continental faces stratum, partially distributed by igneous rock in some area. It has 6types of soil in the county, including Loess Soil, Helu Soil, Red Clay, Alluvial Soil, Boggy Soil etc, of which the Loess Soil is the main soil in the county accounting for 91.18% of the county soil area, and widely distributed in all hills and ridge mountain of the townships and villages in the county. For the Loess Soil, the organic matter content was 0.92%, total nitrogen (0.072%); available Phosphorus was 8.24 PPM, rapidly-available Potassium 170.1 PPM. Jingning county belongs to the warm temperate semi-humid and semi-arid climate, with clearly different weather in four seasons. It enjoys mild climate, with sufficient sunshine, frost-free period 159 days, annual average sunshine hours of 2238 hours. Annual average temperature is 7.1 , and the hottest℃ weather appears in July, average month temperature 19.6 ; The coldest weather occurs in January, the℃ monthly average temperature -7.0 . Precipitation is unevenly distributed in the seasons and space,℃ which happens more in summer, and less in winter and spring. The average annual rainfall is 450.8 mm, and the maximum value is 690.4 mm in 1964, the minimum value is 228.5 mm in 1971. The reliable value of precipitation is 383 mm; the average annual evaporation is 1469 mm. The runoff in the County mainly is produced mainly by precipitation, with average runoff depth of 28.1 mm, the total annual flow of 286.21 million cubic meters, of which 224.51 million cubic meters is flowed-in from other counties. The county itself only produced 61.7 million cubic meters of runoff. Within the county, the Hulu river is the main river scheme, with the additional 9 tributaries running from the east and west, successively gathers from north to south. Within the territory of the county, there is not any natural lake.

Yongjing county

Yongjing county is located in Longxi Loess plateau, with the terrain of higher in the west and east, lower in the middle. Its altitude ranges from 1560-2851 meters, with the relative elevation difference of 1291 meters. Within the county, territory is interlinked by hills and mountains. From the view of landscape, it could be divided into 4 types of landscape, including valley plains, loess hilly mountain, the mountain basin, and rocky mountain. Because of its location in the inland, it enjoys the typical

45


continental climate, with temperate semi-arid and partial drought climate type, the average sunshine hours 2534.6 hours, annual average rainfall of 260 mm or so, evaporation capacity of about 1500 mm.

Weiyuan county

The total area of Weiyuan county is 2065 square kilometers, and has jurisdiction of 8 rural townships, 8 urban townships, 3 communities, with a total population of 350100, the total land area of 800000 mu. Generally, the elevation of its terrain ranges from 1930 m to 1930 meters above sea level, and 2080 meters above sea level in the downtown of the county. Annual average temperature is 5.8 , annual℃ average rainfall of 507 mm, frost-free period 157 days.

Dongxiang county

Dongxiang Hui autonomous county is located in the middle of Gansu province, the North-East of Linxia prefecture, and is famous for its birthplace of Dongxiang ethnic minority and its important south channel of silk road. It is the unique Dongxiang ethnic minority residence and the only Dongxi Autonomous county in China. The Autonomous county is located in the transition area of Qinghai-Tibet plateau and the loess plateau, occupied by the territory of mountains and hills. The highest elevation within the county is 2664 meters, and the lowest 1735 meters above sea level, with 350 mm annual average rainfall, enjoying a temperate semi-arid climate; The total area of the county is 1510 square kilometers, with the arable land area of 367800 mu, of which hill dry land accounts for 87.3%. Within the whole county, its altitude ranges from 1735 to 2664 meters above sea level, with annual average rainfall of 350 mm, annual evaporation capacity up to 1387 mm.

Lintao county

Lintao county, called as Didao, is located in east longitude 103 ° 29 '- 104 ° 19', latitude 35 °03 '42' 46 '' - 35 ° 56 ', the central of Gansu province, the west of Dingxi city. It connects Lanzhou city in the north, links Weiyuan county in the south, and borders the counties of Dongxiang, Guanghe and Kangle, Linxian Hui Autonomous Prefecture in the west. Its terrain is long and narrow, in the length of 103km from north to south, the width of 78 km from east to west, and the terrain tilts from southeast to northwest. The county is about 80km away from Lanzhou, the provincial capital city of Gansu. The total area of the county is 2851 square kilometers, and its altitude ranges from 1730 to 3670 meters above sea level, annual average temperature 7 , annual precipitation 317-760 mm, and frost-free period 80-190℃ days.

Longxi county

Longxi county is located in the southeast of Gansu, and the south of Dingxi city, with the geological position ranges from longitude 104 °18 ' to 104 ° 54', latitude 34 ° 50 '- 35 ° 03'. It is located in the west of Longshan mountain, the upper reaches of Weihe river. It borders Tongwei county in the east, connects Dingxi city in the north, connects Weiyuan county in the west and links Zhang county and Wushan county in the south. Its elevation ranges from 1700 meters to 2300. The county has a total area of 2400 square kilometers, enjoying very convenient transportation access passed by Longhai railway and the highway of G316. Mahe township is located at the north end of Longxi county, with 52km distance to the downtown. In Mahe township, it has 7903 hectares of administrative region covering the whole townships.

3.2 The Social and Economic Status in Project area

See table 3.2-1 about the social and economic status in project area.

Table 3.2-1 The Social and Economic Status in Project Area

CountyTotal

population（0000’）Rural

population（%）Total area（km2）

Population density（person/km2）

Average Farmland（Mu）

Ratio in total GDP of the three

industries

Average net

income for

farmers

Average net income for

poor household

46


Anding district 45.40 79.74 3638.00 124.79 4.90 21 ：28 ：51 3632.00 3625.00

Gulang county 39.82 89.35 5103.00 78.03 2.85 18 ：56 ：26 3559.00 2610.00

Heshui county 17.71 86.62 2933.37 60.37 2.18 17 ：66 ：17 4120.00 3200.00

Huachi county 13.46 85.44 3776 35.65 6.38 7 ：81 ：12 4155 2440.00

Huan county 35.18 92.64 9236.00 38.09 8.75 16 ：62 ：22 3636.00 2059.00

Jinning county 48.89 91.78 2201.00 222.13 3.01 38 ：35 ：27 3642.00 1652.00

Longxi county 50.51 86.91 2408.00 209.76 2.33 26 ：35 ：39 3924.00 3208.00

Min county 47.61 93.17 3500.00 136.03 1.35 37 ：25 ：37 3384.00 2805.00

Dongwei county 44.67 91.74 2908.50 153.58 4.10 38 ：12 ：50 3365.12 2883.00

Weiyuan

county34.49 95.13 2066.51 166.90 2.32 53 ：10 ：37 3517.00 2430.00

Yongjin county 20.56 78.79 1112.20 184.86 1.73 15 ：63 ：21 3160.70 2230.00

Zhangjiachuan county

33.28 93.36 1312.00 253.66 1.69 24 ：24 ：52 3343.00 1964.00

Zhengning

county23.96 90.07 1322.60 181.16 1.79 36 ：9 ：55 4624.00 3819.00

Zhuanglang

county44.76 92.56 1553.14 288.19 2.05 38 ：23 ：39 3529.60 2236.00

Lintao county 53.91 49.26 2851.00 189.09 2.19 28：34：38 3841.00 2920.00

47


3.3 Natural Reserves, Cultural Relics and other Protection Areas

The list of natural reserves (station), key water source areas and cultural relics is shown in Table 3.3-1 and Table 3.3-2, based on the available date.

Table 3.3-1 List of Natural Reserves in Project Areas

Name CountyLevel of Protectio

n

Area（ha） Protected Objects Location and

Distance

Wetland protection

area of Three gorges of the Yellow River

Yongjing

Provincial level 19500

The national protected objects

include forest musk deer,

Yangcheng Sheep, lynx, black

necked crane, whooper swan,

goshawk, kite, owl and

Chrysolophus pictus.

Located at 102°58′-103°23′ east longitude and 35°47′-36°7′ north latitude. Distance from project area: 2.91km

Brachymystax lenok

protection area

Zhang Jiachuan

National level In plan Brachymystax lenok is a specie of

lenok

Distance from project area:1.9km

Table 3.3-2 List of Key Ancient Relics in Project AreasName of Ancient Relics

CountyLevel of Protectio

n

Size (km2) Key Protected Object Location and

Distance

Great Wall of

Qin Dynasty

and beacon

fire sites

Lintao, Weiyuan, Longxi, Tongwei, Jinning, Huanxia

n and Huachi counties

Provincial 640

The west part of Qin Great Wall starts from Xintian Township of Lintao County. It is running across five townships of Lintao, then crossing Weiyuan, Longxi, Tongwei and Jinning counties to Xiji, Guyuan and Pengyang counties of Ningxia Hui Autonomous province, and then to Zhenyuan, Huanxian and Huachi of Gansu. And it is 640km long and running 8 counties in Gansu and 3 counties in Ningxia.

30km from Weiyuan, 12km from Longxi, 15km from Jinning, 40km from Tongwei, 100km from Huachi, 2km from Lintao, 30km from Huanxian.

Great Wall of Ming

Dynastry and

beacon fire sites

Gulang County

Provincial 122.5

It is a section of great wall built to solid Han Great Wall. It is started from the east bank of Gulang river to Qing Shiwan. And it is connected with the Han Great Wall with a total length of 12.5km. And there is another section of Ming Great Wall. It starts from Sishui township and ends at Shuangdun with a total length of 110km.

Distance from the project: 5.4km at the south.

Nongmeng Village of Lintao County is the closest project area and is 2 km away from the great wall of Qin dynasty. But there is no infrastructure construction such as road. Other infrastructure constructions under the project are even far away therefore will not have negative impact.

The animal production supported under the project is mainly pen-breeding by the farmers’ cooperatives or the farmers themselves. And there is no range breeding. The ancient relics are far away from the production areas. Therefore, there will no negative impact upon the great walls.

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3.4 Survey and Evaluation on the Status of Environment Quality

All the data adopted in this EIA report refers the original ordinary monitoring data prepared by each proposed project county. Due to the economic development status for each project county is diversified, it might causes the unbalanced analysis result of EIA because of the unevenly provision of monitoring data.

3.4.1 The status of environment quality in Anding district1. The status of environment quality for the underground water in Anding districtThis environment quality evaluation is conducted without the monitoring of the environment

status. It plans to use the existing conventional monitoring data, according to the Report of

Environment Quality Monitoring in Anding District provided by Anding district Environment

Protection and Monitoring Station, it shows that the water quality indicators monitored for the

underground water in Anding is qualified, and indicates that the water quality of underground water

in Anding district has met the standard III based on The Standard of Environment Quality for

Underground Water（GB/T-14848-93）.

2. The status of air environment quality in Anding districtAccording to the monitoring data in 2013 provided by Anding District Environment Protection

Monitoring Station, the density of SO2, NO2, and PM of air in Anding district could meet the

standard II based on The Standard of Environment Quality for the Air (GB3095-96). It shows the air

environment quality is pretty better.

3.4.2 The status of environment quality in Gulang county1. The status of environment quality for the surface water in Gulang county

According to the Report on the Ecological Environment Quality of County in the State Key

Ecological Functional Zone of Gansu in 2012, provided by Wuwei City Environment Protection

Monitoring Station, all the monitoring indicators of water in Shibali reservoir could meet the

required standard. It shows that the water quality in Shibali reservoir has reached the standard III

based on The Standard of Environment Quality for the Surface Water (GB3838-2002)...

2. The status of air environment quality in Gulang countyAccording to the data provided by Wuwei City Environment Monitoring Station in Sep. 2013,

based on the analysis for over 60 times of sampling year-around for the monitoring of SO2, NO2 and

PM, it shows only once the value of TSP is beyond the required standard, accounting for 1.67% of

ratio beyond standard，and the concentration of the rest indicators have met the standard II based on

The Standard of Environment Air Quality (GB3095-96). It shows the air environment quality in

49


Gulong county is pretty better. There is only once incidence for TSP to be beyond standard, which

might be caused by the serious dusting weather.

3. The status of noise quality in Gulang countyAccording to the data provided by Wuwei City Environment Monitoring Station in Sep.

2013，it finds that the average equivalent noise level of the regional environment noise could meet

the qualified day-night standard I identified in The Standard of Sound Environment Quality

(GB3096-2008), and the average equivalent noise level of the traffic noise could meet the qualified

day-night standard IV identified in The Standard of Sound Environment Quality (GB3096-2008). It

shows that the quality of noise environment in Gulang is general good.

3.4.3 The status of environment quality in Huachi county1. The status of environment quality for the surface water in Huachi countyThe general status of the quality for surface water

According to the Report submitted by Qingyang City Environment Monitoring Station, it finds

that the water quality at the outlet section (the conjunction of Yele township in Huachi county to

Xuanma township of Qingchen county) of Rouyuanchuan river in Huachi county meets grade

V ， and is regarded as the medium pollution. The main contaminants include COD, nitrogen,

petroleum etc. The water quality in the water section of Yuanchengchuan Shangpuziqiao is in grade

IV, as the light pollution, with the main contaminants of ammonia nitrogen petroleum etc. At the

water section of Lianggoumen, Huangqu village, Linzhen township along Hulu river (the lower

reach of the conjunction of Erjiangchuan river and Liyuanpuchuan river), and the quality of water is

classified as Grade II, basically without pollution.

According to the monitoring report submitted by Qingyang City Environmental Monitoring

Station, the result of monitoring indicators for Rouyuandonggou Drinking Water Sources Protection

Zone and Yaerwa Drinking Water Source Protection Zone could meet the standard III based on The

Standard of Environment Quality for the Surface Water (GB3838-2002); the result of monitoring

indicators for the Third Drinking Water Source Protection Zone of the County (Hulu river) could

meet the standard II based on The Standard of Environment Quality for the Surface Water (GB3838-

2002). Water qualification rate reaches 100%.

Of total 25 drinking water sources in all 14 towns and townships of the county, it shows that the

water quality status in 3 townships of the project area respectively are: (concentration of ammonia

nitrogen in water is beyond 0.2 times of the standard) in Lijiawan, Yuele township; (concentration of

COD in water is beyond 0.14 times of the standard) in Xiaochuangou, Yuele township;

(concentration of ammonia nitrogen, total hardness and nitrite in water respectively is beyond 1.02

times, 0.3 times and 1.1 times of the standard) in Yujiafa, Chenghao township; (concentration of

50


ammonia nitrogen and sulfate, respectively is beyond 0.23 times and 0.04 times of the standard) in

Jiangchagou, Baima township; (concentration of total hardness, hexavalent chromium, sulfate and

chloride, respectively is beyond 0.2 times, 0.02 times, 0.2 times and 0.3 times of the standard) in

Baimaquan; (concentration of hexavalent chromium, nitrite and sulfate, respectively is beyond 0.1

times, 0.01 times and 0.01 times of the standard) in Tanigou, Wujiao township. It shows that the

monitoring result for some indicators could not meet the standard III based on the The Standard of

Environment Quality or Underground Water（GB/T14848-93） . The rest of the monitoring items

are up to standard.

The status of air environment quality in Huachi countyAccording to the data submitted by Qingyang City Environment Monitoring Station in Oct,

2013, it finds that the concentration of SO2, NO2, and PM in the air of the county has met the

standard II based on The Standard of Environment Air Quality (GB3095-96). It shows the quality of

air environment is pretty good in Huachi county.

3.4.4 The status of environment quality in Heshui county1. The status of environment quality for the surface water in Heshui county

In according to the data about the quality of surface water in Heshui county submitted by

Qingyang City Environment Monitoring Station in Oct, 2013, it finds that the concentration of

ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, COD is respectively beyond the standard in Lichuan village (at the

site of 200m to Tielichuan Bridge), Jixian township, and the rest indicators generally meet the

standard. It shows that the quality of surface water in Heshui county could not meet the standard III

based on the Standard of the Surface Water Quality (GB3838-2002).

2. The status of air environment quality in Heshui countyAccording to the data submitted by Qingyang City Environment Monitoring Station in Sep,

2013, it finds that the concentration of SO2, NO2, and PM in the air of the county has met the

standard II based on The Standard of Environment Air Quality (GB3095-96). It shows the quality of

air environment is pretty good in Heshui county.

3. The status of the noise quality in Heshui countyAccording to the data provided by Qingyang City Environment Monitoring Station in Oct.





shows that the quality of noise environment in Heshui is general good.

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3.4.5 The status of environment quality in Minxian county1. The status of environment quality for the surface water in Minxian county

In according to the data about the quality of surface water in Minxian county submitted by

Minxian County Environment Monitoring Station in Oct, 2013, it finds that the concentration of the

total nitrogen is beyond the standard, and the rest indicators generally meet the standard. It shows

that the quality of surface water in Minxian county could meet the standard III based on the Standard

of the Surface Water Quality (GB3838-2002).

2. The status of air environment quality in Minxian countyAccording to the data successively submitted by Minxian County Environment Monitoring

Station in Oct ， Nov, Dec., with consecutive monitoring for 5 days each month, it finds that the

concentration of SO2, NO2, PM in the air of Minxian county could meet the standard II based on

The Standard of Environment Air Quality (GB3095-96). It shows that the quality of air environment

in Minxian is pretty good.

3.4.6 The status of environment quality in Zhuanglang county1. The status of environment quality for the surface water in Zhuanglang county

In according to the report about the environment quality in Zhuanglang county submitted by

Zhuanglang County Environment Monitoring Station, it finds that all monitoring indicators for

drinking water are qualified in Zhuanglang county. At Xucheng village, water section of Shuiluo he

river in Zhuanglang county, the monitoring indicators show that concentration of potassium

permanganate, COD, BOD, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and total nitrogen are all beyond the

standard; at the site of Nanping bridge, the monitoring indicators of total nitrogen, total phosphorus

are beyond standard, but the monitoring indicators in the rest sections are all qualified. It shows that

the water quality in the water section of Xucheng village and Nanping Bridge is poor, and the water

quality in the section of Zhuanglang for Shuiluo river could not meet the standard III based on the

Standard of the Surface Water Quality (GB/T-14848-93).

2. The status of air environment quality in Zhuanglang countyAccording to the data successively submitted by Zhuanglang County Environment Monitoring

Station in March, June, August, Nov, with consecutive monitoring for 5 days each month, it finds

that the concentration of SO2, NO2, and PM in the air of Zhuanglang county could meet the standard

II based on The Standard of Environment Air Quality (GB3095-96). It shows that the quality of air

environment in Zhuanglang is pretty good.

3. The status of noise quality in Zhuanglang countyAccording to the data provided byZhuanglang County Environment Monitoring Station in Oct.


52





shows that the quality of noise environment in Zhuanglang is general good.

3.4.7 The status of environment quality in Zhengning county1. The status of environment quality for the surface water in Zhengning county

In according to the data about the quality of surface water in Zhengning county submitted by

Zhengning County Environment Monitoring Station, it finds that all indicators generally meet the

standard. It shows that the quality of surface water in Zhengning county could meet the standard III

based on the Standard of the Surface Water Quality (GB3838-2002).

2. The status of air environment quality in Zhengning countyAccording to the data successively submitted by Zhengning County Environment Monitoring

Station in Sep, with consecutive monitoring for 5 days, it finds that the concentration of SO2, NO2,

and PM in the air of Zhengning county could meet the standard II based on The Standard of

Environment Air Quality (GB3095-96). It shows that the quality of air environment in Zhengning is

pretty good.

3.4.8 The status of environment quality in Tongwei county1. The status of environment quality for the surface water in Tongwei county

According to the data submitted by Tongwei County Environment Monitoring Station, which

was collected from the monitoring sites along Niuguhe river at Jingping bridge where is for the entry

monitoring of water and Dianzi village of Pingxiang township where is for the exit monitoring of

water. It shows that all the monitoring indicators are qualified in Tongwei county, and identifies that

the water quality within Tongwei county could meet the standard III based on the standard of

environment quality for the surface water（GB/T-14848-93）.

2. The status f air quality environment in Tongwei countyAccording to the data successively submitted by Tongwei County Environment Monitoring

Station in Feb, May, August, with consecutive monitoring for 5 days each month, it finds that the

concentration of SO2, NO2, and PM in the air of Tongwei county could meet the standard II based

on The Standard of Environment Air Quality (GB3095-96). It shows that the quality of air

environment in Tongwei County is pretty good.

3.4.9 The status of environment quality in Zhangjiachuan county1. The status of environment quality for the surface environment in Zhangjiachuan county

According to the data provided by Zhangjiachuan County Environment Monitoring Station in

the 2nd quarter of 2013, which was collected by the sampling at Chuangxia village along Houchuan

53


river and Zhangjiachuan Water Plant, it shows that the water is qualified. It indicates that the water

quality at the section of Changxia village along Houchuan river in Zhangjiachuan and Zhangjiachuan

Water Plant could not meet the standard III based on the Standard o Environment Quality for the

Surface Water (GB/T-14848-93).

2. The status of air environment quality in Zhangjiachuan countyAccording to the data submitted by Zhangjiachuan County Environment Monitoring Station in

2013, it finds that the concentration of SO2, NO2, and PM in the air of Zhangjiachuan county could

meet the standard II based on The Standard of Environment Air Quality (GB3095-96). It shows that

the quality of air environment in Zhangjiachuan is pretty good.

3.4.10 The status of environment quality in Huanxian county1. The status of environment quality for the surface water in Huanxian county According the data submitted by Qingyang City Environment Monitoring Station, the data on the

drinking water quality in Huanxian indicates that the drinking water quality in Huanxian county

could meet the standard III based on The Standard of Qualification for the Surface Water (GB/T148-

93). Inside the project area of Huanxian county, Malianhe river basin runs through Mubo township,

Quzi township. At the water sampling site of Quzi bridge, the monitoring indicators show that:

COD34.4 mg/L, BOD2.65 mg/L, pH8.00, dissolved oxygen (DO) 8.03 mg/L, hexavalent chromium

0.149 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen 0.501 mg/L, anionic surfactant 0.197 mg/L. Water Capacity 4.251

m3 / s, annual runoff 167.4 million square meters.

2. The status of air environment quality in Huanxian county According to the data submitted by Huanxian County Environment Monitoring Station in Oct, it

finds that the concentration of SO2, NO2, and PM in the air of Huanxian county could meet the

standard II based on The Standard of Evnironment Air Quality (GB3095-96). It shows that the

quality of air environment in Huanxian County is pretty good.

3. The status of noise quality in Huanxian countyAccording to the data provided by Qingyang City Environment Monitoring Station in Oct.





shows that the quality of noise environment in Huanxian County is general good.

3.4.11 The status of environment quality in Jinning county1. The status of environment quality for the surface water in Jinning county

In according to the data provided by Pingliang City Environment Monitoring Station, collected

at the site of Yanmiao of Hulu river and Renda of Liujiachuan river, it shows that the concentration

54


of potassium permanganate, COD, ammonia nitrogen, mercury etc in the water of Yanmia are all

beyond the standard in 20th Nov, while all monitoring indicators show the qualification of water in

the rest monitoring time. At the site of Renda of Liujiachuan river, all the monitoring indicators show

the qualification of water. The monitoring indicators on drinking water quality in Jinning county has

showed that the drinking water in Jinjing county could meet the standard III based on the Standard of

the Underground Water Quality (GB/T148-93).

2. The status of air environment quality in Jinning countyAccording to the data submitted by Pingliang City Environment Monitoring Station in Sep, it

finds that the concentration of SO2, NO2, and PM in the air of Jinning county could meet the

standard II based on The Standard of Environment Air Quality (GB3095-96). It shows that the

quality of air environment in Jinning County is pretty good.

3. The status of noise quality in Jinning countyAccording to the data provided by Pingliang City Environment Monitoring Station in Oct.





shows that the quality of noise environment in Jining county is general good.

3.4.12 The status of environment quality in Yongjing county1. The status of environment quality for the surface water in Yongjing county In according to the data provided by Yongjin County Environment Monitoring Station, collected

at the site of Yanmiao of Hulu river and Renda of Liujiachuan river, it shows that the concentration

of potassium permanganate, COD, ammonia nitrogen, mercury etc in the water of Yanmia are all

beyond the standard in 20th Nov, 2013, while all monitoring indicators show the qualification of

water in the rest monitoring time. At the site of Renda of Liujiachuan river, all the monitoring

indicators show the qualification of water. The monitoring indicators on drinking water quality from

Huangshui River in Yongjing county has showed that the drinking water from the Huangshui river

could meet the standard II based on the Standard of the Surface Water Quality (GB3838-2002).

2. The status of air environment quality in Yongjing countyAccording to the data submitted by Linxia City Environment Monitoring Station in Sep, it finds

that the concentration of SO2, NO2, and PM in the air of Yongjing county could meet the standard II

based on The Standard of Environment Air Quality (GB3095-96). It shows that the quality of air

environment in Yongjing County is pretty good.

3. The status of noise quality in Yongjing county

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The level of regional environment noise and traffic noise from main trunk road in Yongjing

county respectively amounts 52.9 decibels and 67.4 decibels, which both are controlled within the

targets for the province and prefecture.

According to the data provided by Linxia City Environment Monitoring Station in Sep.





shows that the quality of noise environment in Yongjing county is general good.

3.4.13 The status of environment quality in Weiyuan county1. The status of environment quality for the surface water in Weiyuan county

The evaluation result shows that：Among 5 main rivers inside Weiyuan county, water quality

for the 3 river section of them could meet the grade II according to the standard of environment

quality for the surface water, accounting for 60% of the total evaluated river sections. In addition, in

one river section of them, its water quality only could meet the grade III, accounting for 20% of the

total evaluated river sections. However, in one river section, the water has been serious polluted in

the poor grade V, accounting for 20% of the total evaluated river sections.

Based on the data provided by Weiyuan County Environment Monitoring Station, collected at

the river sections of Xiakou reservoir, Shanhekou river section in Luyuan township, it shows that the

concentration of total nitrogen checked at Shanhekou river section of Luyuan township in 9 th April,

2013 is beyond the standard, while the rest items checked in monitoring period meet the standard.

All monitoring indicators for the water section of Xiakou reservoir meet the required standard.

2. The status of air environment quality in Tongwei countyAccording to the data successively submitted by Weiyuan County Environment Monitoring

Station in March, June, Sep, with consecutive monitoring for 5 days each month, it finds that the

concentration of SO2, NO2, and PM in the air of Weiyuan county could meet the standard II based

on The Standard of Environment Air Quality (GB3095-96). It shows that the quality of air

environment in Weiyuan County is pretty good.

3.4.14 The status of environment quality in Dongxiang county1. The status of environment quality for the surface water in Dongxiang county

Regarding the monitoring data provided by Dongxiang County Environment Monitoring

Station, collected at the water sections of Gaxiyuan, the demolished bridge of Daxiahe, and Yehuxia

gorge of Daxiahe river, it shows that the concentration of total nitrogen in Gaxiyuan is beyond the

standard, while the rest items checked in monitoring period meet the standard.

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2. The status of air environment quality in Dongxiang countyAccording to the data submitted by Dongxian County Environment Monitoring Station in Oct, it

finds that the concentration of SO2, NO2, and PM in the air of Dongxian county could meet the

standard II based on The Standard of Environment Air Quality (GB3095-96). It shows that the

quality of air environment in Dongxiang County is pretty good.

3.4.15 The status of environment quality in Lintao county1. The status of environment quality for the surface water in Lintao county According to the monitoring data provide by Lintao County Environment Monitoring Station,

collected at the water section of Yujing and Tayuan bridge, it shows that all monitoring indicators for

those two river sections are qualified, and could meet the standard III based on the Standard of

Environment Quality for the Surface Water (GB/T-14848-93).

2. The status of air environment quality in Lintao county According to the data successively submitted by Lintao County Environment Monitoring Station in

March, May, August, Nov., it finds that the concentration of SO2, NO2, and PM in the air of Lintao

county could meet the standard II based on The Standard of Environment Air Quality (GB3095-96).

It shows that the quality of air environment in Lintao County is pretty good.

3.4.16 The status of environment quality in Longxi county1. The status of environment quality for the surface water in Longxi county

According to the monitoring data provided by Longxi County Environment Monitoring Station,

collected at Xiershilipu, Shouyang of Weihe river, the water section at Tudianzi of Wenfeng

township, it shows that the concentration of total nitrogen checked at both river sections are beyond

the standard. At the monitoring site of the river section of Tudianzi in Wenfeng township, it found

that the concentration of COD conducted monitoring in 8th April was beyond the standard. The rest

of the monitoring items are up to standard.

2. The status of air environment quality in Longxi countyAccording to the data successively submitted by Longxi County Environment Monitoring

Station in March, May, August, Nov., it finds that the concentration of SO2, NO2, and PM in the air

of Lintao county could meet the standard II based on The Standard of Environment Air Quality

(GB3095-96). It shows that the quality of air environment in Longxi County is pretty good.

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4 Environment Impact Assessment of Infrastructure

Construction The infrastructures include roads, terrace lands, water conservation projects, product storage

and market facilities, production facilities (including animal pen, storage room, epidemic prevention

room and silage pit ets), office buildings and industrial improvements. The infrastructures will bring

certain extent of environment impacts in both the construction and the operation periods. The

activities are similar with those of Sichaun Province. And the environment analysis is the same as

that of Sichuan.

The fugitive dust which is caused due to terrace land construction is the main difference from

the impacts of Sichuan. The measures as road construction will be adopted to mitigate the impact.

And the terrace land development is mainly to level the lands to reduce water and soil losses. That

will not damage the eco-environment.

There is no new constructed road in Gansu. The roads constructions include 215km sand pavement and 104km cement pavement for roads.

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5 Impact Analysis on Agriculture Activities5.1 Planting Activity

Plantation process and impact analysis

The crop production of this project mainly includes planting potatoes, apples, Chinese herbal

medicine (namely Codonopsis pilosula（Dangshen）; astragalus membranaceus(Huangqi)).It would

conduct an impact analysis to the whole plantation process of the above mentioned crops in

following sections.

1. Cultivation technical standards for improved varieties (breeding seed) of potatoes

① Site selection: Regarding the site selection for the plantation of proposed crops, it has

considered the nature of varieties. The climate condition is suitable for the cultivation of the above

mentioned crops. In order to avoid water and soil erosion, land reclamation is forbidden at the slope

over 20 degrees, while trying to avoid the reclamation in too much large scale. It should simply

conduct land preparation, in order to reduce the potential ecological destroying and water soil

erosion which might caused by the implementation of the proposed project.

Land preparation, soil preparation, crop rotation: To select arable land with loose soil, good②

fertility and thick cultivation soil; to have autumn deep plough and sun bathing, with tillage depth of

25--30 cm, without solanaceae crops, ginger in rotation practice for more than 3 years.

③ To apply fertilizer in a scientific manner, to improve fertilization effectiveness. Fertilization

for potatoes should give priority to organic manure, chemical fertilizers are complementary one;

Base fertilizer is the main fertilization instrument, and top dressing is a supplementary instrument. The specific fertilizer

application dose per mu is as follows: farmyard manure1500-1500 kg per mu, 16 kg urea fertilizer (among which 30%

as top dressing ), calcium superphosphate 60 kg per mu, 16 kg potassium sulphate per mu. When

fertilization are carried out about 1/2 or 1/3 of the organic fertilizer is applied to plough layers in

combination with autumn plough or before spring sowing cultivation, and the rest of fertilizers can

be applied in seeding season. When volume of base fertilizer is small, it can be applied into sowing

ditches in a concentrated manner.

Selection of improved potato variety, make reasonable processing. Prior to accelerating④

potato germination 1-2 days before, potato pieces with smooth surface, with no lesion, no injury,

neat shape, are chosen, centering on potato sprouting bud eye to cut potatoes into blocks, each block is

30g--50g, with 1--2 sprouting bud eyes. Cutting knives should be disinfected with 3% potassium

permanganate or 75% alcohol, after every cutting knives should be disinfected. Cutting knives also

can be disinfected with 50% of boiled salt water, after cutting of potato pieces washing with boiling

salt water for disinfection can be applied to knives and base plates several times. Sowing quantity per

59


mu is 150 kg -- 200 kg. Stock seed breeding can be directly made with selection of disease-free

whole potato, to make direct seeding, 4000 pieces per mu.

Planting In suitable season, keeping reasonable density. Generally soil temperature maintains⑤

at 7-8 for 10 cm soil in depth is suitable for sowing, sowing is finished in late April and early℃

May. A regular sowing depth is between 8-15 cm.

Inter-tillage ridging, irrigation and drainage in a timely manner. After good seedling⑥

emergence the first inter-tillage is carried out, with 8--10 cm depth, 10-15 days later the second

inter-tillage and shallow ridging are carried out, with appearance of early budding flowering the

second inter-tillage and ridging are carried, to make "wide shoulder ridge" with total soil thickness

not more than 20 cm. The hoe ridging process must be in the right time and depth, in order to avoid

damage to bud germ and underground body. 10-15 days before harvest irrigation should not be

applied in order to promote the potato skin aging, and it is easy to harvest.

Diseases and pests control, chemical control. When non-disease resistant varieties or disease⑦

epidemic are in vogue, bactericide should be applied timely for disease prevention. When underground pest

population in the soil is large, and density is high, it is needed to make chemical control to improve

potato production and commodity rate. Main pest control of aphids is usually carried out in June -

August with imidacloprid and other chemicals in spraying alternately for pest prevention and control,

pest disease is started in the morning and evening in late June, Antracol (in a role of zinc

supplementation) is used for prevention, after late blight is found a frost spirit of the reoccupy manganese

zinc, Oxadixyl (antivirus alum) and other chemicals are sprayed alternately.

To make timely harvest and safe storage. Harvest should be carried out according to actual⑧

needs. But at the time of harvest a sunny day should be chosen to avoid harvest in rainy day for easy

harvesting and transporting. Rainy days are inconvenient, and easily lead to bacteria invasion by

potato skin abrasion, rot or storage. To reduce the occurrence of mechanical trauma on potatoes in

harvest, 7-10 days prior to the harvest plants must be destroyed and make plant skin corkification.

Especially when plants are infected with late blight, plants should be destroyed in advance as early as

possible, disease infected plants should be moved out of fields, to make soil exposure to kill soil

surface pathogenic bacteria, to reduce the chance for tubers infected with late blight in harvest time.

Before storage, harvested tubers should be cleaned and selected, rotten and damaged tubers should

be thoroughly removed to reduce the chance of disease expansion during tubers in storage.

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Diagram 5.1-1 Whole process of potato planting

2. Construction standards for planting high quality apples

① Apple tree cultivation: Big sapling transplantation is the main method, 40 saplings per mu is

planted, the unit price for each tree is 20 yuan, manual cost is 50 yuan/mu, mulch 3 kg/mu cost is 50

yuan, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer 100 yuan/mu, in total 1000 yuan/mu.

② Orchard site selection: Orchard site should be chosen in shelter sunny bottomland, tableland

and mountain plateau tableland with elevation below 1800 meters, with average annual temperature

7 above, deep and fertile soil, have certain irrigation conditions for optimality.℃③Varieties selection and pollination tree configuration: According to local climate

characteristics and the market demand, apple cultivation variety is given priority to Fuji apple series.

In the process of planting, pollination varieties should be distributed evenly in the orchards, the

maximum distance between main variety and pollination varieties does not exceed 60 meters.

④ Reasonable planting density: Row planting density in this county should be spaced 5 meters,

sapling planting distance is of 3 meters, per mu 44 saplings is advisable.

⑤ Row direction and planting mode: Row direction in north and south is preferred, no strict

requirements. To facilitate the operation, row direction must be vertical to main roads in orchards.

⑥ Orchard construction period and planting techniques: Spring and autumn is the ideal

Orchard construction season. In order to ensure the high survival rate and growth, the following

techniques should be taken: (1) to plant in big pits. Planting pits dimension is 1 meters across and 80

Manual labor

Land level

Water & soil, plant damage

Seeds, organic manure

To select improved varieties、seeding

Water, fertilizer, pesticides

Fertilization、Weeding、Integrated pests management

Fertilizer, pesticide pollution

Harvesting

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cm in depth. In excavation, topsoil is put aside, subsoil is put the other side, in backfill, topsoil and

applied farmyard manure are backfilled to pit bottom, subsoil is backfilled to the top. (2) Deep

digging and shallow planting. Planting depth is controlled, the original soil printing of saplings in

nursery is taken as the criterion, should not be too deep. (3) Transferred nursery stock must be

soaked in clean water for more than 12 hours before planting to complement moisture loss in the

process of transfer. (4) Before engraftment pruning treatment must be applied to seedling roots, the

roots must be soaked in 0.5% rooting liquid, to promote root wound healing and promote

development of new roots. (5) To supply adequate water for foot engraftment. In case of no irrigation

conditions, at least one barrel of water for each seedling should be provided. (6) stop shot and cap

bags must be set, to set the bar height in between 80-100 ㎝ , to set branch membrane bags, after

germination, when buds are tight against film bags the bags an be removed at one time to ensure

survival. (7) coating, at least a piece of plastic in size of 1 meter square should be used to cover each

seedling in the engraftment, passage coating can be applied if conditions are available, in order to

keep soil moisture, to improve ground temperature, to ensure survival and growth in the year.

⑦ Plant management: After engraftment 1 meter across fruit tree belts or 1 m fruit band

spacing must be reserved, in the phase of sapling tall stem crops should not be planted in orchards,

intercropping with melons, beans, and vegetables is the best; this practice can secure income at early

stage, and does not affect growth of the young trees.

3. Codonopsis pilosula （Dangshen）seedlings cultivation

① Site selection: to choose site as nursery base with altitude of 1700 m - 2500 m in semi-arid

areas, with deep soil and loose texture, good drainage and irrigation conditions, or close to water

sources, area with relatively humid and shady slope less than 20 degrees is the ideal nursery site.

② Seeding: After seedling ground is leveled during mid to late April, per mu seeds used is

around 9 kg - 11 kg, the seeds and the equivalent amount of plant ash, fine sand, or fine soil are

evenly mixed, they the mixture is broadcasted in seedling bed, and then gently pat, to be covered

with a layer of thin soil and be compacted, the seeds and soil are tightly combined, this is favorable

for seedling emergence.

③ Field management: after sowing seeding zone must be immediately covered with straw

cover, advisable thickness is of 2 cm - 3 cm, then spraying water to wheat straw till soil surface wet,

to hold down with branches, in high temperature time sun-shade nets should be set up for

overshadow. When codonopsis pilosula seedlings grow out of the ground about 5 cm weeding should

be carried out timely. When weather is dry, arid with less rainfall, water sprinkling on straw should

be applied in a timely manner. Autumn in combination with rainfall it is needed to apply topdressing

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urea 2 kg to 3 kg per mu every time, 1-2 times of urea topdressing is sufficient.

④ Pests control: to use 5% phoxim granules 2-3 kg/mu, mix with equivalent amount of fine

soil, to spread on sapling stem leaves and straw cover, with a wooden stick to stir or jitter straw

cover and seedlings leaf, then medicament shall fall into earth's surface. With 50% carbendazim

wettable powder or 36% methyl sulfur bacteria spirit wettable powder 800 times liquid to spray

alternately, once every seven days, to continuously spray for 2-3 times.

⑤ Excavation: including time and method, after soil thaw the sooner the better, the best

excavation time is in late March next spring, Before the excavation 1-2 days, to sprinkle a small

amount of water on earth surface, to keep soil light wet. To dig seedlings with medical forks, to

prevent injury or damage on roots of seedlings. Excavation starts from filed rand, to excavate deep

ditch nearby seedlings, then gradually to dig in, to protect seedlings, do not cut roots.

⑥ Classification: Excavated codonopsis pilosula seedlings are bundled according to standard

and gradation, to put root apexes in one direction and make small bundles with 5-7 cm in diameter, a

small amount of fine wet earth remain in between, then small bundles are placed in a cool, moist

cellars, covered with wet soil for storage, get ready for transplanting or sales. Classification standard

should meet the requirements of table 5.1 1.

Table 5.1-1 Classification standard for Seedlings

specification root length（cm） Root diameter（cm）Big seedlings greater than 20 greater than 3

Medium seedlings 15-20 2-3

Small seedlings 10-15 1-2

⑦ Storage and transportation: In short-term codonopsis pilosula are stored in dry, ventilated,

clean shady area, in long-term they are stored in warehouses that are disinfected with quick lime

spread around, clean and dry straw or wooden plates are used for moisture proof purpose, to keep

medicinal herbs and surrounding walls in 1~ 2 m distance, medicinal materials piled up with

dimension of 5 m x 5 m x 5 m, 1m pile spacing between heaps, pile layers are separated with rafters

or wood planks, to keep warehouse temperature at 5 ~ 1 0 , to make ted during June to July, to℃ ℃

safely store for 1 ~ 2 years.

4. Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi) seedlings cultivation technical procedures

① Site selection: Land in higher terrain, with deep loose soil, good drainage, neutral or alkaline

sandy loam or soft sand land, can be chosen for planting Astragalus membranaceus, high wow

should be arranged for rainy waterlogged land. To avoid rotation with leguminous crops, elevation at

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1800 m - 2300 m above sea level, rainfall in 400 mm - 500 mm, accumulated temperature greater

than or equal to 10 degrees Celsius is at 1840 - 2323 degrees Celsius , soil layer thickness is more

than 50 cm, to avoid stubble cropping. Autumn deep plough shall be carried out during August to

the end of October, Autumn deep plough depth is at 25 cm to 30 cm, with random plough, random

raking, to remove residual roots and rocks, to rake flat and rake carefully.

② Seeding: The optimum time for seedling is in the middle of March and April. When ground

temperature is stabilized at 10 degrees Celsius in 5 cm deep soil, sowing can be started. Seeding

planting quantity is 7.5 -10 kg/mu. Seeds are spread in raked flat surface, to make a shallow tillage in

3 cm - 5 cm, to rake and level flat again, to make seeds enter into soil in 1 cm - 2 cm, to suppress soil

again, and immediately to cover with thick sand in 2 cm - 3 cm depth or straw to keep soil moisture.

③ Field management: To apply winter irrigation or early spring irrigation water, to observe

soil moisture at any moment, to irrigate once it is dry. It is best to use drip irrigation or spray

irrigation where conditions are available. Usually to irrigate three times, after seedlings are out to

apply first irrigation, once seedling height is at 10 cm to apply second irrigation, late if it is dry to

apply third irrigation. To apply topdressing twice or no application, topdressing with urea 2.5 kg to 3

kg / mu is applied in combination with the first irrigation or rainfall. When seedling height is up to

10 cm inter-tillage weeding should be carried out timely, to make soil loose, in 5 cm depth. Weed

control should be applied early and completely, weed control should be applied in 4 times at least in

the growth period.

④ Excavation: The time for seedling excavation is the best time of seedlings transplanting, it is

in the middle of March and April next year. After soil thaw the sooner the better. Before the

excavation seedling fields must be damp and soft to keep integral seedlings, for seedling fields in dry

and hard soil before the excavation it is needed to irrigate fields to keep soil light wet. Excavation

starts from filed rand, to excavate deep ditch nearby seedlings, then gradually to dig in, to protect

seedlings, do not cut roots.

⑤ Classification: astragalus membranaceus seedlings quality shall be at the age of 1 year, mass

growth reaches class 3 above then they can be excavated for transplantation. Excavated astragalus

membranaceus seedlings are bundled according to standard and gradation, excavated astragalus

membranaceus seedlings must be timely covered to prevent from water loss. It is needed to put root

apexes in one direction and make small bundles with 5-7 cm in diameter, a small amount of fine

earth remain in between, then small bundles are placed into bags mixed with soil to prevent heating,

to get ready for transplanting in other places. Classification standard should meet the requirements in

table 5.1-2

Table 5.1-2 Classification standard for seedlings

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StandardsSpecification

Length（cm） transverse

diameter（mm）first class greater than 30 greater than 5

second class 25-30 3-5third class 20-25 2-3

Seedling root length is less than 20 cm, diameter less than 2 mm, they are regarded as

disqualified seedlings

⑥ Preservation and transportation: Seedlings not transported or cultivated on time should not

be stayed in open air for a long time, should be heeled in temporary planting timely to prevent from drying up. In

the long-distance transportation seedlings should be covered with tarpaulins to prevent drying up and

water loss. At the same time attention should also paid to ventilation to prevent seedling roots from

heating and rotting.

5、Forage grass plantation techniques

Take the variety of forage alfafa as an example here, because it has a vast area of cultivation,

enjoying similar cropping techniques with sainfoin and alfalfa.

① Site selection and preparation: The selected plantation site for alfafa should be flatted and

with convenient access of irrigation, without weeds on the ground. The most suitable soil should be

in ph7---7.5, loosen structured, flat, without large blocks or film residual, and weeds etc. It should

meet the 6 of standards for the site selection, which are adequate in loosen structured, flat, clean,

fine prepared, moisture etc.

② Selection of seed varieties：It should select the Chinese standardized alfafa seeds varieties,

which enjoys the genetic advantage of disease resistance, various free, high quality, high yield etc,

with the eligible grades of I, II, and III. The clearance of the seeds should meet the standards of

90%、95%、85% and the germination rate of 90%、85%、80%.

Sowing③ ：During the scattered sowing of alfafa, it needs 1-2kg alfafa seeds per mu of land,

but only 0.75kg alfafa seeds needed per mu of land for the stripped sowing. Best by mixing the

alfafa seeds with rhizobia before the seed sowing, and should be lightly flatting the surface ground

after sowing.

④ Fertilization. It should apply manure deeply, generally, 4000-5000kg of manure per mu, with

10kg DAP, or 50kg of ordinary P。

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Irrigation⑤ ：the frequency and quota of irrigation could keep flexibility according to the

growth condition of alfafa, the temperature and climate drought etc.

⑥ Harvesting：generally, the best harvest season of alfafa is the beginning of blossom, while it

is the best time for alfafa in its quality and yield. Normally, alfafa could be harvested twice or 3

times a year. At the beginning year of harvesting, the best height of stubble should be 3—5 cm；after matured of alfafa, the height of stubble should keep about 3cm. The proper time of harvesting

alfafa seeds should be the 3rd or 4th years of growth. During the year, the first harvest of alfafa

seeds could have highest yield.

5.1.1 The environmental impact analysis on pesticide application1. The status analysis to the application of pesticide in project area

In order to prevent, kill, drive or to mitigate the distroying of crops and cash trees which would

be caused by any of pests, mites, fungi, nematodes, weeds, rodents and molluscs etc harmful

organisms, it needs to often spray pesticides on the crops or plants during the different growth

periods of plants.

Pesticide classified by source mainly include: mineral source pesticides, biological pesticides

and organic synthesis pesticide. According to field investigation in poor rural area of project location,

it notices that there is fewer pesticides applied, and variety of pesticides is single.

2. Pesticides dose analysis

Pesticide usage after project implementation in the project counties is based on 80% of dose

applied before project development , by the calculation and verification, total amount of pesticides

applied before project implementation is 1995.7 tons, total amount of pesticides applied after project

implementation is 1596.6 tons. Details are shown in table 5.1-1.

County name Project county Project village

Before

application

of pesticides

After

application

of pesticides

Decrement

Before

application

of pesticides

After

application

of pesticides

Decrement

Yongjing

County40.9 32.7 8.2 5.7 4.6 1.1

Dongxiang

County34.6 27.7 6.9 3.1 2.5 0.6

Gulang County 105.7 84.5 21.1 8.2 6.5 1.6

Weiyuan

County67.7 54.1 13.5 6.9 5.5 1.4

Longxi County 139.4 111.5 27.9 8.4 6.7 1.7

Tongwei 164.6 131.6 32.9 6.5 5.2 1.3

66


County

Minxian County 66.2 53.0 13.2 11.7 9.4 2.3

Anding District 217.0 173.6 43.4 19.2 15.4 3.8

Lintao County 151.3 121.0 30.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

Zhangjiachuan

county59.5 47.6 11.9 4.4 3.5 0.9

Zhuanglang

County101.3 81.0 20.3 3.1 2.5 0.6

Jingning

County168.2 134.5 33.6 4.6 3.7 0.9

Huan County 412.1 329.6 82.4 51.1 40.9 10.2

Huachi County 148.6 118.9 29.7 25.4 20.3 5.1

Zhengning

County53.2 42.6 10.6 7.9 6.3 1.6

Heshui County 65.6 52.5 13.1 11.9 9.6 2.4

Total 1995.7 1596.6 399.1 178.2 142.6 35.6

3. Fertilizer environmental impact analysis

(1) The impact on the soil

The main pollution sources in soil include insecticide, fungicide and herbicide, applied for

control of crop diseases, insect pests and weeds, these pollutants can be directly applied into soil,

they may also be leached into the soil via spraying. Due to large amount of pesticide use, pesticides

can cause accumulation of harmful substances in soil, cause harm to plant growth, or pesticide

residues in crops may enter food chain and harm people's health, and pesticides can cause soil

pollution.

When applying pesticides, most of the pesticides will drop on soil surface. pesticides attached

to crop surface can also fall to earth surface by wind blowing and rain leaching. In addition, pesticide

applying approaches such as seed immersion and seed mixing, can cause pesticides directly enter

into soil. Pesticides are directly applied into soil by means of soil treatment with herbicides and soil

disinfection with fungicide. Pollution level of pesticides in farmland is associated with crop types

and cultivation conditions. For farmland with higher cultivation management level and multiple

cropping indexes more pesticides are applied, its degree of pesticide pollution is more serious. If no

strict selection of pesticide varieties and strict control of pesticide dose were carried out, and

management on pesticide use were neglected pesticide residual would contaminate soil, change soil

physical properties, cause soil structure hardening and lead to soil degradation and decline of crop

yield and quality. Soil contaminated with pesticides for a long time there will be obvious

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acidification, along with the increase of pollution degree soil nutrients will be decreased, and

residuals also cause heavy metal pollution. Moreover, soil pollution can affect human and livestock

through food chain entering into human and livestock body, and deleterious phenomenon could be

occurred, sometimes in the process of production poisoning accidents could happen due to careless

use of pesticides.

Because 80% of pesticide residuals are distributed in 0 ~ 20 cm thick topsoil. With the increase

of soil depth, the concentration of pesticide residuals are gradually reduced, it is hard to check out

pesticide residuals below 50 cm soil layer. The project area is mostly located in hilly and

mountainous region, phreatic water is deep and concentrated in the valleys and depression location,

and there is no possibility for large amount of agricultural irrigation water infiltration. Therefore, in

general, non water-soluble pesticides or light water soluble pesticides will not infiltrate with soil into

groundwater to cause groundwater pollution in the evaluation areas.

（2）Impact on water body

Pesticides can enter into surface water body through the way such as farmland water recession

and atmospheric precipitation, residuals probably can stay in aquatic organisms, and produce harmful

effects to aquatic organisms, and produce the risk of indirect entering into human body. In addition,

pesticides may adversely affect the growth and breeding of fish and crustaceans, result in killing and

death of fish and crustaceans individuals, or affect their species continuation.

With a large number of nutrients of fertilizers entering into water body, nitrogen, phosphorus

and other nutrients in the water body are increased, this may cause eutrophication of water body, to

affect biodiversity of the aquatic ecosystem. In addition, pesticides may cause pollution of surface

water but it also can cause serious pollution of underground water, under normal circumstances, the

scope of pesticide pollution in water body is small, but with the relocation and diffusion of

pesticides, pollution scope is gradually expanded.

(3) Impact on air environment

During the spraying of pesticides, some form of tiny droplets suspended in the air, causing air

contamination. Generally, there are about 40% of the sprayed pesticide might attach on the surface of

plants, which only about 1-4% could be absorbed by insects, 40% would fail on the surface of soil,

and 20% suspending in the air. Finally, there are about 60% of the pesticides suspending in the air

would fail on the ground, and 40% would be directly absorbed in the air.

（4）The impact on the biont & organism

Pesticide use can significantly cause decline in the number of insects, soil invertebrate species ,

species in farmland is decreased, thus affect birds breeding, feeding and population development. The

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dangers and threats of pesticides on birds are mainly manifested in two aspects: one is as pesticide

dosage accumulated in bird body reaches a certain degree poisoning accidents can happen, cause individual

bird death or serious impact on breeding birds; The second aspect is use of pesticides can cause

diversity of weeds and animals declined, thus affect survival of birds.

With implementation of the agricultural supporting measures such as land leveling, deep tillage and sub

soiling, balanced fertilization, increasing organic fertilizers, straw turnover, integrated pest management

etc., farmland is improved, soil organic matter content is increased, soil structure is improved,

pesticides dose is reduced, the species and quantity of soil microorganisms, tiny animals, insects etc

are increased, biological diversity of farmland system can be improved.

5.1.2 The environment impact analysis on fertilizer application1 The status analysis of fertilization in project area

During the nursing and cultivation of crops and cash trees, it needs apply adequate fertilizer to

the plants in order to meet the need of growth and breeding, such as the application of N, P, K and

compound fertilizers etc.

In line with the field survey, it notices that currently in the proposed project area, it seriously is

lack of necessary agriculture technical instruction in the poor rural area. Chemical fertilizers have

been intensively and most solely applied in project area, which has easily led to soil hardening and

soil microorganisms is inhibited, with less efficiency of fertilization. In order to increase the yield

of crops, it has to heavily increase the dosage of fertilization, which is highly beyond the demand of

crop for its normal necessary nutrients. It has caused a vicious cycle and led a serious of negative

impact to local environment.

2、The analysis of fertilization dosage

After introduction of soil testing and formulated fertilization in the project area, comparing

with traditional fertilization, fertilizer dose is decreased by an average value of 84.3 kg/hm2, out of

which: 75.5 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer is reduced, phosphate fertilizer is reduced by 26.2 kg/hm2,

17.3 kg/hm2 potash fertilizer is increased. Total amount of fertilizers is decreased by 192214.0 ton.

Details are shown in table 5.1 1.

Table 5.1-2 the Table of the decrement of chemical elements after the application of

formulated fertilization in project area

Fertilizer N P K

Existing kg/hn2 151 131 173

After formulated

fertilization

75.5 104.8 190.3

69


kg/hm2

Increment and

decrement

-50% -20% +10%

Table 5.1-3 The dosage of chemical fertilizer application before and after the

implementation of the proposed project in project area

County

name

Project county Project village

Before

application

of pesticides

After

application

of pesticides

Before

application

of pesticides

After

application

of pesticides

Before

application

of pesticides

After

application

of pesticides

Yongjing

County17928.0 10756.8 7171.2 850.0 510.0 340.0

Dongxiang

County11688.0 7012.8 4675.2 612.0 367.2 244.8

Gulang County 48952.0 29371.2 19580.8 1252.0 751.2 500.8

Weiyuan

County31000.0 18600.0 12400.0 2940.0 1764.0 1176.0

Longxi County 50690.0 30414.0 20276.0 2800.0 1680.0 1120.0

Tongwei

County13856.3 8313.8 5542.5 1357.0 814.2 542.8

Minxian County 21784.3 13070.6 8713.7 1456.0 873.6 582.4

Anding District 60267.2 36160.3 24106.9 8378.0 5026.8 3351.2

Lintao County / / / / / /

Zhangjiachuan

county3114.0 1868.4 1245.6 1443.0 865.8 577.2

Zhuanglang

County54600.0 32760.0 21840.0 1196.0 717.6 478.4

Jingning

County23185.1 13911.1 9274.0 1941.9 1165.1 776.7

Huan County 70974.2 42584.5 28389.7 7069.0 4241.4 2827.6

Huachi County 14288.0 8572.8 5715.2 2941.0 1764.6 1176.4

Zhengning

County32838.0 19702.8 13135.2 5200.0 3120.0 2080.0

Heshui County 25370.0 15222.0 10148.0 5953.0 3571.8 2381.2

70


Total 480535.1 288321.1 192214.0 45388.9 27233.3 18155.5

3. Environmental impact analysis on fertilizer application

（1）The impact on the soil environment

Long-term excessive and continuous use of chemical fertilizers will lead to the introduction of

main nutrients into soil, such as sulfuric acid root of thiamine, chloramine chlorine in root etc. A

large number of long-term use of nitrogen fertilizer, especially substantial application of ammonium

fertilizer, ammonium ions enter into soil, in the process of nitrification hydrogen ions are released,

this makes soil gradual acidification. Ammonium ions can replace calcium ions that have coupling

effect on soil colloid particles, lead to soil particles dispersion, which destroys the soil granular

structure. A large amount application of nitrogen fertilizer into soil can introduce a number of non

key nutrients or toxic substances, such as sulfuric acid root ion in ammonium sulphate and chloride

ion in ammonium chloride, urea or toxins biuret, they can restrain or poison the normal activities of

soil microbial. In addition, among mineral raw materials and chemical raw materials for

manufacturing fertilizers, some of them contain a variety of heavy metals, reflective material and

other harmful ingredients, they may cause soil pollution with fertilization into the soil. Such as

application of phosphate fertilizer can inevitably bring cadmium, fluoride and other harmful

substances into soil, overuse of phosphate fertilizer can lead to soil cadmium content much higher

than the average soil cadmium content. Not only destroy soil properties, soil acidification can

promote the release and migration of some poisonous and harmful pollutants in the soil or enhance

toxicity, to reduce soil organisms including microbial and earthworm, also to accelerate the loss of

some soil nutrition elements. According to the survey, some farms in northeast China are kept long-

term use of nitrogen fertilizer, in the early 1950 s soil organic matter content was about 5% to 5%, it

is now decreased to 1% - 2%. Ammonium nitrogen fertilizers were applied in red soil in Jiangxi, two

years later topsoil PH value was decreased from 5.0 to 4.3, soil compaction is generally serious.

Long-term substantial application of nitrogen fertilizers instead of organic fertilizers in some tropical

farmlands has caused serious soil hardening and eventually lost the value of farming.

（2）Impact on water body

The increase of nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients in the environment leads to water

environment pollution, the most serious consequence is to cause eutrophication of water bodies. A

large number of chemical fertilizers are used in agricultural production, nitrogen, phosphorus and

other nutrients move into water body, this can cause water body eutrophication. According to

71


relevant data, it is shown that nitrogen entering into surface water bodies with farmland runoff

accounted for 51% nitrogen that discharged by all human activities into the water, nitrogen loss in

nitrogen application regions is 3 to 10 times higher than that in non-application region. According to

urban surface water environment monitoring data from 1983 to 1987, ammonia nitrogen is increased

by 2.1 times, nitrite is increased by 1.4 times.

According to the survey data, among 532 rivers throughout the country, 82% of rivers are at

different levels of nitrogen pollution, pollution of first level tributaries of the major rivers is

widespread, the higher the level of tributaries the heavier pollution is. Ammonia nitrogen and nitrate

in the waters of lakes and rivers are the main pollutants, eutrophication is increasingly serious, at the

same time groundwater pollution is caused.

5.1.3 Environmental impact analysis on plastic mulch application

Because common mulching films are not degradable, along with the increased farming time,

agricultural residues in the soil will also be multiplied cumulative, eventually lead to serious

deterioration of soil physical properties, production performance of soil will be badly damaged , the

sustainable development of agricultural production is affected in the project area.

1) Soil permeability is the phenomenon of free gravity water moving to deep soil, because

residual membrane fragments in the soil change or cut off soil pore continuity, the movement of

gravity water encounters larger resistance, gravity water moves down more slowly, so that the

moisture infiltration capacity is decreased due to increase of membrane residues, soil water content is

decreased, drought-resistant ability of cultivated land is weaken. This even leads to difficult

groundwater infiltration, leads to soil secondary salinization and other serious consequences. And

uneven distribution of the residual film also can cause uneven irrigation water distribution and

nutrient distribution, soil aeration performance is decreased, normal soil microbial activity and soil

structure formation are affected, and eventually soil fertility level is reduced.

2）The danger to the crops

Due to the film residues in the field would destroy the physical structure f soil, and would

hamper the growth and development of plants roots. As long as the film residues are kept in the soil,

it would surely prevent the root collusion, and impact the normal absorption of water and nutrients f

roots. During the fertilization conducted between plants, since the existing of film residues in the

soil, it would segregate the fertilizer and impact the effect of fertilization and lead to the decrement

of yield.

3) The impact of residual film on the rural landscape: due to the limitation of the recovery of

residual film, processing and recycling of residual film is not complete, recycling methods are

72


limited, some residual film cleared are discarded at fields, water canals and forests, with strong wind

the residual films are blown to the fields and trees, rural landscape is influenced to cause "visual

pollution".

（4）The danger to animals

Since the bared film residues on the surface of soil mixing with the pasture grass, cattle and

sheep might eat the film residues with grass by mistake, the film residues taken by animals would

isolate the esophagus impacting digestion or even dying of the animals.

5.1.4 Cropping project impact analysis on ecological systemThe proposed project area is located in rural area, its land usage mostly include arable land,

forest land, and pasture land, with pretty good vegetation coverage. The main cropping varieties in

the project area are potato, maize, wheat, forage etc. The forest vegetation mainly includes Cypress

trees and wild shrub etc. The cropping impact on ecological system is to change the land utilization

and ecological function, as well as the changes of landscape and living environment, in addition to

the creation of contaminant source from the application of fertilizer etc.

1. Water and soil erosion impact

With the increment of cropping area in the proposed project area, it needs to conducet some

land reclamation and the bared mountain treatment and counterpart road construction, which might

lead to the situation of loosened and bared ground surface. It would set a basis for the occurrence of

water erosion caused by ground water flooding, while create a condition for the occurrence of wind

erosion. During the preparation and treatment of bared mountain area, the preparation of site might

block the discharging ditches, but the planned discharging ditch could not yet play a sound role if it

could not be put into practice, it would be strongly attacked by the sudden flood at some

development area, and would lead to a serious water and soil erosion.

2、Changes of land utilization

The project land originally belongs to farmland and bared land, which would not involve new

reclamation land, only needs to prepare bared land. During the process of land preparation and

treatment, it should try to reserve its original topography, rather than the leveling and site preparation

in a large scale. The original plantation crops mainly include potatoes, apples, dangshen, forage

grass, weeds etc. After project implementation ， there would not be too much any changes after

plantation, crops without big changes, only address the original usage of bared pasture land, which

would lead to a less change for the utilization of land.

After the implementation of the proposed project, through the reasonable irrigation, cultivation,

fertilization, plantation and other human activities, it would change the original characteristics of

73


natural soil, and would accelerate soil maturation, and might improve the production performance

function of soil.

3、Impact on biodiversity

The improperly introducing of any new variety would cause the rapid growth of a single

species, which would destroy its ecological balance. Regarding this proposed project, there is no any

new species introduction, but needs to avoid the plantation of single species of crop in a large scale,

and try to select local varieties with advantage of diseases resistance, such as apply etc. For the

introduction of any new species, it needs to take quarantine so as to prevent from the bringing of

pests and diseases.

This proposed cropping project is based on local features, supporting the plantation and

development of its local adoptive varieties, which originally grows largely in local region. After the

implementation of this proposed project, it would not basically change its original biodiversity of

ecological environment.

5.1.5 Solid waste impact analysisThe solid wastes in project operating period mainly include the discarded wastes in the process of

for agricultural production, such as discarded fertilizer packaging materials, waste plastic film, waste

irrigation pipes and abandoned pesticide packaging materials, etc.

Residuals of mulching films: The primary contents of agricultural film material are polymer

compound that are difficult to decompose under natural conditions. Its long-term retention in

cultivated land affects the soil permeability, prevents movement of soil water and fertilizer, affects

the normal activities of soil microbial and soil structure formation, thus they can reduce the soil

fertility level and drought-resistant ability of cultivated land, affects crop root growth and

development, leads to crop failure. Residual mulching films even leads to difficulty for groundwater

infiltration, leads to soil secondary salinization and other serious consequences. In addition, due to

the limitation of the recovery of residual film, processing and recycling of residual film is not

complete, recycling methods are limited, some residual film cleared are discarded at fields, water

canals and forests, with strong wind the residual films are blown to the fields and trees, rural

landscape is adversely influenced.

Before and after the project implementation, agricultural film can be basically recycled. This

project should further strengthen farmers' training, to help farmers to realize and understand the

influence of residual agricultural films for agricultural production, to achieve the initiatives to collect

membrane, to reduce agricultural film residues in soil, especially in the region with poor land

conditions, it is necessary to improve the quality of agricultural film, to improve agricultural

74


technology, to improve agricultural film recycle rate, to ensure the sustainable development of

agricultural production.

Plastic pipes and irrigation facilities: before and after the project implementation, the used pipes

for micro dripping irrigation are recycled by manufacturers to realize comprehensive utilization of

the used plastic material, they have little impact on the environment.

Abandoned fertilizer packaging wastes: After introduction of soil testing and formulated

fertilization in the project area, comparing with traditional fertilization, fertilizer dose is decreased,

fertilizer packaging wastes are reduced correspondingly. Fertilizers are generally packed in

packaging bags, the used packaging materials are recycled directly by farmers, they are not discarded

in fields, and then they are recycled for comprehensive utilization by waste materials recycling

companies.

Abandoned pesticide packaging: With implementation of measures for prevention and control of

plant diseases and insect pests in the project area, pesticide usage will be reduced correspondingly.

This part of solid wastes has certain risks, in status quo production process, they are usually

discarded in fields, they has certain environmental risk to local agricultural soil and surface water

and underground water bodies, it is suggested that according to relevant measures for management of

hazardous wastes proper collection, storage and timely delivery should be arranged by relevant

qualified units for recycling.

In conclusion, it is needed to strengthen publicity and training and environment management

during project operation, a variety of solid wastes will be recycled and processed for reasonable use,

solid wastes produced in project area are of small environmental impact.

5．2 Environment impact analysis and evaluation on livestock development project

5.2.1 Livestock breeding process and impact analysis

Livestock development under the project mainly involves pigs, sheep and cows, the farming

areas are of rich forage grass resources, and certain local breeding habits are formed. Livestock

breeding project is mainly focused on fattening livestock, aquaculture process wastewater mainly

comes from livestock excrement and urine, livestock and poultry sheds washing wastewater; Stench

largely comes from livestock and poultry dung and urine stench, stench produced by excrement

composting; Solid wastes mainly come from livestock and poultry feces, dead livestock occurred in

the process of raising livestock etc.; Noise mainly comes from the livestock and poultry.

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construction wastewater

domestic wastewater exhaust

gas

Construction dust

exhaust of vehicle Wast

e


Diagram 5.2.1-1 Breeding process and pollutants diagram

5.2.2 Water environment impact analysisBased on the above analysis of this project production process and wastes production link,

water pollution sources include waste water from livestock sheds flushing, wastewater from

disinfection, wastewater from cleaning utensils and domestic sewage, etc.

（1）Waste water from washing animal shed

It would take the cleaning process of animal shed by the dry cleaning. The water quota used for

the washing of animal shed is respectively based on 2.26m3/100 cattle,d, 0.4m3/100 sheep·d，and

1.2m3/100 pigs, d. Based on the calculation of the maximum quantity of animal for sale, in the

project area, there are ordinary 4961 heads of cattle, 97945 heads of sheep, 2111 heads of stock ram,

4000 heads of pigs (newly increased). The water quota for washing all animals per day would be

560.3 m3/d，and 204509 m3/a annually. It is to calculate the washed waste water by taking 80% of

total water quota, it would create 448.2m3/d of washed waste water per day, and 163607 m3/a

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Housing and ancillary facilities installation

vegetation deterioration

water and soil erosion

ecological

noise

construction equipment construction waste

solid

waste

household garbage

silage smash

batching

Housing

breeding

Slaughter

take-out

Green sound insulation measures

Methane pool

Agricultural

irrigation

exhaust

gas

exhaust of vehicle

Breeding stink

Washing

wastewater

Manure Waste water

waste water

domestic sewage

carrier vehicle

Cattle, sheep and pigs cry

Feed crashing noise

Solid

waste

excrement

domestic garbage

placenta

Dead bodies

Centralized collection & shipped to sanitary landfill dumps

After composting as farmland organic fertilizer

Delivery sale or landfill safety well landfill


annually. The main pollutants in the washed waste water are COD, BOD5, SS, NH3-N, coliform

bacteria.

（2）Urine of animals

By taken the analogy survey to sheep, it notices that the total urine discharged by sheep daily is

1L per day for each sheep. According to the Technical Specifications of Livestock and Poultry

Breeding Pollution Control Engineering (HJ497-2009) in appendix A table A. 2, it would take the

standard of (cattle urine output 10 kg/A, d) and the reference data from the First National Pollution

Census Handbook of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Industry Sources Pollution Coefficient table 2

northwest beef cattle production coefficient (431kg weight fattening cattle urine volume of 8.32 L/d,

and 65 kg weight fattening pig urine volume of 2.44 L/head, d), combined with the actual situation of

this animal breeding project, it plans to take 9 L/d per day of discharged urine output for the cattle,

and 3L/head per day of discharged urine output for pigs. Thus, the total discharged urine output for

this proposed animal raising project is 156.8 m3 / d per day and 57232 m3 / A annually.

5.2-1 Gansu province livestock water use quota table

Category fixed unit

water consumption

normremarks

Domestic Animals L/head.day 60 Horses, cows, donkeys, mules and camels, etc

swine L/head.day 40

sheep L/ head. day 10

poultry L/ head. day 1 Chickens, ducks, geese, etc

Livestock wastewater includes livestock urine and livestock house washing wastewater, with

high concentration of organics, containing large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and suspended

solids, bad smell, high pollution load, with breeds raising and management level, climate, season

change there are significant differences. This project adopts dry night soil treatment, in terms of

wastewater concentration, it is based on data in table A2 “ Main water pollutants and properties in

livestock and poultry breeding” that are specified in “the best feasible technical guide on pollution

prevention and control for scaled livestock and poultry farms” (for trial implementation). Waste

water and pollutants can be found in following table 5.2-2.

Table 5.2-2 Project wastewater and pollutants generation table

Types of

wastewater

wastewater

quantity（m3/a）

indicators

Contaminants

COD BOD5 SS NH3-N TP

Cattle 40923.3 concentration（mg/ 1800 970 2000 80 20

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wastewater

L）quantity

generated（t/a） 73.7 39.7 81.8 3.3 0.8

Urine of cattle 16296.9

concentration（mg/

L） 1200 1100 800 400 60

quantity

generated（t/a） 19.6 17.9 13.0 6.5 0.98

Sheep

wastewater146081.8

concentration（mg/

L） 750 400 1200 30.6 6.32

quantity

generated（t/a） 109.6 58.4 175.3 4.47 0.92

Urine of sheep 36520.4

concentration（mg/

L） 900 850 300 270 40

quantity

generated（t/a） 32.9 31.0 11.0 9.86 1.46

swine

wastewater17520

concentration（mg/

L） 2300 1050 2500 100 40

quantity

generated（t/a） 40.3 18.4 43.8 1.75 0.7

Urine of pig 4380

concentration（mg/

L） 4000 3000 4000 1200 180

quantity

generated（t/a） 17.5 13.1 17.5 5.26 0.79

Note: wastewater concentration of sheep raising is derived by analogy.

（3）disinfected wastewater

Livestock enterprises in terms of health and epidemic prevention will construct disinfection

rooms in the inlet of livestock production area, to make disinfectant liquid mixture with disinfectant

and water for spray, people entering the production area must be disinfected.

According to field survey on livestock farming enterprises, disinfectants used by the livestock

farming enterprises include sodium dichloro cyanurate (C3O3N3Cl2Na) or trichloroisocyanuric acid

(C3O3N3Cl3), the mix ratio with water is 1:8 00, dosage is small, at the same time, different

cyanuric acid salt is of the phenomenon including no residue, high safety, no resistance and cross

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resistance to drugs.

After investigation it is found that there is no drainage facilities in disinfection rooms,

therefore, there will be no disinfectant liquid discharged into the environment. Only clean water and

medicament reagent are added regularly, it is not considered as sources of pollution in this

assessment.

5.2.3 Water environmental impact analysis

1）Impact on surface water

If the project is in full implementation fecal sewage after treatment under this the project will

be returned into fields as organics, in accordance with the principles such as combining planting with

sewage recycle, using wastewater as resource. The processed livestock wastes can be sold and

applied into farmland.

With completion of the project roads are hardened, feces are often collected so as to reduce

permeability loss or surface runoff loss. Thus the project activities may produce minor impact on

surface water resources. In fact, if the project is at comprehensive implementation, compared with

the current way of livestock production, project impact on the surface water sources should be

positive.

2）The impact on groundwater

Since the drinking water for the livestock under this proposed project would be supplied by the

self-constructed water pond, without consideration of fetching underground water. Thus, it would

not generate any impact to the underground water table and available underground water resource

volume in the project area. There will be the following approaches which might cause underground

water contamination during the operation period for the livestock raising projects:

（1）Since the animal breeding project is to collect animal urine and dung by the construction

of ruin collection pool and dung heaping ground as a temporary storage and processing facilities,

some factors such as the cracking of urine collection pool impervious layer, sealing adhesive seam is

not thick, or sewage pipeline rupture caused the pollutants such as seepage, and shallow groundwater

pollution. Possibility of this pollution pathway is lesser, once it happened, very different to find the

pollution, suffering from a larger influence of pollution. Thus, it needs to strengthen management.

（2）If it is to improperly take prevention measures to the temporarily heaped animal dung on

the ground, it would cause leakage and contaminate underground water.

（3）During sound rainstorm, if the rain sewage is un-smoothly discharged, the rain water

containing harmful poisoning rain water, would slowly flow into the animal shed and the

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ground，which would cause the pollution of underground water.

（4）The sewage from animal raising would not be discharged, which should be recycled to be

used for irrigation after treatment. Thus, it might cause a certain of impact to the underground water

in a specific area.

The excessive use of livestock and poultry manure may exceed land absorptive load, residual

materials in soil such as N and P can infiltrate into groundwater (mainly for N), or they can be

brought into nearby water body (mainly for P) by earth's surface water flow, this will lead to

increased concentration of N mixture (nitrite, nitrate) in groundwater, if human drank this kind of

water for a large amount or for a long time, this would induce cancer. If mixture of manure and dirt

in the project area were badly managed, or ground were not hardened with calcareous soil,

infiltration of N into groundwater or N and P pollution of groundwater body nearby could cause

water eutrophication.

If the proposed project activities are fully implemented, the project will not have obvious

effects on underground water sources. In fact, if the project is comprehensively implemented,

comparing with the current way of livestock production, the project influence on surface water

sources should be positive.

5.2.4 Atmospheric impact analysisMalodorous gas produced during project construction mainly comes from unorganized

emissions, main sources include livestock housing, storage cesspool, feces.

Waste air pollution mainly comes from livestock farm housing both inside and outside,

dunghill, cesspool, livestock play ground. The air pollution are mainly from stench via organic

matter decomposition and harmful gases (such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, mo acid, skatole) and

dust carrying pathogenic microorganisms. Stink produced in livestock farms are mainly of two kinds

of materials, namely carbohydrate and nitrogenous organic matter. These foul-smelling substances

can affect human and animal physiology, in addition pasture stench may directly or indirectly make

harm to human and livestock health, also can cause decline of livestock productivity, worsen pasture

ecological environment .

If waste management related activities under the project are not yet fully implemented it is

likely that a large number of livestock and poultry wastes will not be handled in time, poisonous and

harmful gas including methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, methyl sulfide, dimethylamine and

various low-level fatty acids etc. also can be produced to pollute the air and cause relative decline of

oxygen in the air, to result in immunity decline of human and animals, frequent occurrence of

respiratory diseases, to affect the quality of livestock and poultry products.

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This evaluation is based on the reference of “foul-smelling substances emission standards” and

“health standards for design of industrial enterprises”, etc. This animal breeding project belongs to

the individual farming, with the maximum scale of cattle breeding 12 heads, sheep breeding 100 per

household and pig raising 3 heads per household. According to the Large-scale Farms Stink Material

Urgently to Be Solved in the Biological Control Technology "(ke-chun zhang cheng-rong ye) and

analogy survey research data, it notices that a ten thousand head of pig would discharge into the

atmosphere of 15.9 kg/h NH3, 1.45kg/h H2S. According to the conversion ratio of pigs and other

livestock animals, it finds that cattle farming zone would maximum discharge NH3 emissions of 95.4

g/h, the largest emissions of H2S 8.7 g/h. As for the sheep farmers, it would maximum discharge

emission of 10.6 g/h NH3, H2S emissions of 0.97 g/h; Pig raising farmers would maximum

discharge NH3 emissions of 4.77 g/h, H2S emissions of 0.02 g/h.

The project area is located in the rural areas, with better environment quality situation. Based on

the ordinary cleaning of animal shed, timely cleaning of animal wastes, it would effectively mitigate

the environment impact of surroundings which might be caused by the odor.

5.2.5 Solid wastesSolid wastes produced in the project mainly include pigs, cattle and sheep excrement, dead pig

carcasses, afterbirth, sludge, waste desulfurizer, medical wastes etc.

1、Solid waste pollution sources

（1）Cow, sheep and pig excrement

Annual slaughter output in the project is 4961 heads of cattle, 97945 sheep, 4000 pigs, in

accordance with the "livestock and poultry breeding industry pollutant discharge standard"

(GB18596-2001), in terms of intensive sheep farm and breeding area, to convert sheep cultivation

quantity into pig quantity, conversion ratio is: 3 sheep converting into 1 pig, after conversion

according to the amount of farming lamb the scale level of sheep farm and breeding area is

determined, with reference to the standard the provisions are applied. According to the reference data

in the “National large-scale livestock and poultry breeding pollution survey and control counter-

measures”, pig manure index is 2.0 kg/d, excretion output of 3 sheep is equivalent to a pig excretion,

that is : each sheep manure index is 0.67 kg/d, sheep excretion quantity in the project is 23952.45 t/a.

Each cattle manure index is 20.0 kg/d, cow excretion quantity in the project is 36215.3 t/a. Each pig

manure index is 2 kg/d, pig excretion quantity in the project is 2920 t/a. Dry night soil process is

applied to cow, sheep and pig housing, 63087.75 t/a of excrement and urine are collected in a unified

form, then they are discharged into biogas generating pool.

（2）Biogas residue and comprehensive utilization measures

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Biogas residue contains rich nutrients and organic matter, including 36-49.9% organic matter,

10.1-- 24.6% humid acid, 5-9% crude protein, total nitrogen 0.8-- 1.5%, 0.4-- 0.6% total phosphorus,

total potassium 0.6 --1.2%, also some minerals, it is a high quality organic fertilizer. If biogas residue

is used as a basic fertilizer its effect is very good, and combined with biogas slurry soaking seed and

foliage top-dressing better effects can be produced, also they can basically make crops and fruit trees

free of plant diseases and insect pests during reproductive period, to reduce the application of

chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Each project household has 0.08 ton biogas residue, total annual

output in the project is 148 ton/annum, they are all used for potato and apple fertilization etc.

（3）Impact of livestock manure heaping up and reconstruction

Livestock feces are easily fetid, breeding flies, causing atmospheric pollution environment. If it

would not be handled in time, it would be easily mixed with water into a paste, and easily cause the

loss of manure; And as the rain washed out, it is easily to generate leachate, which contains high

concentration of pollutants leaking into the surface water or groundwater and soil.

Therefore, the solid waste should be properly handled in time, and should set up special location

for the temporarily storage by setting rain proofing shed and taking a set of anti-seepage measures.

During summer time, it should periodically spray disinfectant on the manure heaping ground.

During the design of the needed capacity of manure heaping ground, it could refer the relevant

requirement specified in the Detailed Regulation for the Accounting of Total Emission Reduction of

the Main Contaminants during the 12th Five Year Planning Period, issued by the national

environment protection ministry.

2. food residue

Annual livestock on hand and slaughter output in the project is 4961 heads of cows, 97945

sheep, 2111 introduce stock rams and 4000 pigs, according to analogy data, food residue produced in

the project is 670t/a , they are collected by manual, then they are discharged into biogas generating

pool.

3. Dead cow sheep and parturition wastes

1) Dead animals

Regarding the disposal of the dead infected animals, it should strictly follow with the relevant

requirements of health and sanitation for the processing, and should hand over it to the qualified and

certificated unit for the disposal; Farmers should keep all relevant document and certificates etc

relating to the proposal of the dead infected animals, in order to facilitate the supervision and

management of the environmental protection department.

According to analogy of same type livestock farm, livestock death rate is at 0.1 ~ 0.3%, amount

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of project annual livestock on hand is 4961 heads of cows, 97945 sheep, 2111 head of introduced

breeding sheep, 4000 pigs. Annual death number is 2 pigs, 1 sheep and 1 cow. According to analogy

data, project delivery waste output is 8.4 / annum.

Dead livestock and poultry are hazardous wastes, belonging to Category HW01waste, waste

code 900-001-01. according to the “innocent disposal procedures for livestock and poultry disease

and meat and its products”, they should be disposed in landfill well safely. According to the

provisions in the “pollution control standard for land filling hazardous waste” (GB18598-2001) the

site of landfill wells should be selected. It is proposed in this EIA that 2 safe landfill wells with 10

m3 single capacity should be installed for each livestock farmer, safe landfill wells should be of

impervious measures, at the same time they should be disinfected with quick lime.

2）The new-born livestock deaths

Due to the factors lacking of oxygen, dystocia, cow/ewes viral diarrhea virus infection, low

primary livestock immune factors, easy causing new born livestock deaths etc, it is easily to cause

the deaths of the primary born animals. According to the general animal breeding experience,

through strengthening management, calf mortality rate is about 5% ~ 5%. The dead new born

livestock might contain some bacteria, which may endanger the health of human and should be

unfavorable for eating. Therefore, by following the suggestions with reference to the Technical

Specification of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Pollution Prevention (HJ/T81-2001) on the

treatment of bodies of dead livestock and poultry and the disposal requirements, it should take

landfill treatment to the dead new-born animals.

4、The placenta

Livestock produces the placenta after reproduction. Placenta is consisted of amniotic

membrane, leaf chorionic (also called CongMi chorionic) and bottom decidua. According to the

Analysis of the Bovine Placenta Nutrition (China dairy industry Li Lulong, Liu Yuewen, Mr Yu), it

specifies that bovine placenta contains plenty of high protein and essential amino acid needed for

human body, proved by clinical trials with tonifying qi and nourishing blood, beneficial health

functions; Have adjust endocrine and enhance the immune function, delaying menopause syndrome;

Have cosmetic effect, can eliminate facial brown spots and age spots, etc. Placenta has good health

care effect. Therefore, the recommendations from EIA are as follows: project implementation village

should actively contact the local grocery or other acquirers, placenta can be used as a health food or

medicine to be sold, which could increase the economic income of households on one hand, on the

other hand, it can reduce environmental pollution; Under the circumstance of temporarily the

placenta of animals have not yet be acquired, it could consult ill cattle landfill disposal measures of

83


processing. Placenta should be related to inspection before sale, so as to avoid bringing bacteria,

viruses and other microbes, which would be harmful to human health.

5、medical wastes

In the process of project livestock and poultry breeding it is needed regularly to inject vaccine.

Certain amount of medical wastes will be produced , mainly including vaccine and packing of the

drugs and syringes for pig cow barn, belonging to national hazardous waste list HW01 medical waste

– non-specific industry. Medical waste output is about 38 tons per year, it is needed to entrust a

qualified unit for processing.

The proposed project area is located at the remote rural area, and some activities such as

the prevention and treatment of animal epidemic diseases have to be conducted in the

households of farmers, and the medical treatment wastes always are freely disposed, without

concentrated collection and transportation ； the overdue medicines or wasted medical

instruments in vet station should be united and stored, and to be periodically transported to

burying sites. The burying sites mostly should be selected far away from the source of water,

without much sensitive sites, such as residential zone, schools etc at the surroundings. It

should cautiously select the site of burying, where should have stable geological condition,

lower underground water table, high coefficient of seepage proofing. However, currently, the

treatment in burying site is still quite simple, suffering from a quite high risk, in addition to

the environment impacts of underground water contamination, soil pollution etc. It might

cause a quite large environment danger.

6、Impact analysis

Livestock and poultry excrement are delivered to project biogas septic tank for fermentation,

meeting the livestock and poultry breeding industry waste residue harmless requirements in “the

livestock and poultry breeding industry pollutants emission standards” , that is ova of roundworm

mortality of 95% or higher, number of fecal coliform is less than 105 / kg or less, to do composting,

waste harmless disposal should meet the requirements of “the waste harmless disposal health

standard ”(GB 7959-1987) standards.

The Project will produce a certain amount of dead bodies, dead livestock and poultry with

infectious diseases and feces belong to strict control wastes in the province, they should be strictly

processed in accordance with the control requirements in “the innocent disposal procedures for dead

livestock and poultry meat and its products” (GB16548-1996), "the livestock and poultry breeding

pollution control technical specifications" (HJ/T81-2001) and "livestock and poultry breeding

industry pollutant discharge standards" (GB18596-2001). The farmer household shall set up 2

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landfill wells, landfill method is used for dead pig body treatment. Landfill well is a concrete

structure, with depth of 5 m, 1 m in diameter, wellhead affix a lid seal. Dead pig is put into airtight

pressure cooker, under a 112 kpa pressure for cooking 1.5 ~ 2 h for landfill. After each pig body is

put into the landfill well, the pig body is covered a layer of 10 cm slaked lime, after landfill the

landfill well is compacted with earth and seal out.

In the process of livestock and poultry breeding it is needed regularly to inject vaccine. Certain

amount of medical wastes will be produced, belonging to national hazardous waste list HW01

medical waste. It is needed to entrust a qualified unit for processing these medical wastes.

Through the above measures, proper disposal and utilization of solid wastes are carried out in

the project construction, there is no emission and disposal to the environment, there is no harmful

effects produced to the environment. In addition, the places for heaping garbage and each functional

buildings should be cleaned regularly, to pay attention to foresting and greening the surrounding

environment, to keep the surrounding environment clean, through a series of effective control

measures, project solid wastes will not have adverse impact on the surrounding environment.

5.2.6 Noise environment impact analysis and projectionThe main source of noise from the proposed animal raising project is the moo of cattle, with 75

～85dB（A）of noise source intensity, which could be regarded as the point sound source and

might be reduced by keeping a certain distance away from the source of noise by the calculation of

contribution value for the source of noise to the protected sensitive objectives, followed by the

analysis to the contrition value. The model of noise degrading is shown as follows:

Lp=Lpo－20lg（r/ro）－△L

Of which：Lp——the projected value of construction noise from the source of noise within

distance of r meters，dB（A）； Lpo——the reference noise level at the location of ro meter away from the source of

noise，dB（A）；ro——Lpo the distance (5m or 1m) between the source of noise and the measured

point，m。△L——The decreased noise after taking various mitigation measures，dB（A）。

Based on the projection model of degrading noise from the source of noise, the

calculated distances with degrading noise reduced from the noise source are shown in the

following table.

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Table 5.2-2 The Projected Value of Noise with Different Distance to the Source of Cattle Moo

Source of

noise

Original

noiseNoise reduced dB（A）

dB（A） 10m 15m 20m 40m 60 m

Animal moo 80 60 56.5 54.0 47.9 44.4

5.2.7 Impact analysis on human and animal healthLivestock and poultry dung pollutants contain a large number of pathogenic microorganism

and parasite eggs and flies, disease varieties are increased in the environment, disease pathogens and

parasites are multiplied, the spread of human and livestock infectious disease is prevailing, especially

lead to the outbreak of zoonoses to have harmful effect on human and animals. The solid and liquid

waste treatment in the Project proposal will minimize the impact on human health or prevent it from

happening. Therefore, the project does not produce any harmful impact on human and livestock

health, compared with the present situation, it will also help to reduce these problems.

5.2.8 The impact of epidemic diseasesHuman and animal excrements contain a large number of pathogenic microorganism, basically

include typhoid bacillus, paratyphoid bacillus, dysentery bacillus, polio virus, coli bacillus,

schistosome eggs, hook worm eggs, ova of roundworms eggs, etc., in the process of anaerobic

fermentation, due to inadequate pathogen inactivated, they will spread with the use of biogas

manure, cause human health risk.

5.2.9 Impact on soil by using livestock poultry wastewater for agricultural

irrigationAt present the main way of fecal treatment on livestock and poultry manure is to apply them in

farmland as organic fertilizers, many animal husbandry developed countries will also use farmland as

a load carrier of poultry and animal feces to absorb the nutrients, farmland absorption capacity for

poultry and livestock feces is depended on soil quality and soil fertility.

（1）Impact on soil environmental effects

Zhu Zhaoliang (the loss of nitrogen in farmland and countermeasures, soil and environment,

2000, 9 (1) : 1-6) studies have shown that in large use of chemical fertilizers nitrogen (N) amount

should be controlled in 150 ~ 180 kg/hm2, beyond this level environmental pollution will be caused.

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In terms of annual manure application, N application rate is related with soil texture, fertility and

climate and other natural conditions, considering these factors, the EU's agricultural policy sets out

that, the limit standard of nitrogen (N) amount in annual manure dose is 170 kg/hm2, nitrogen

content in irrigation water is this project is (7.98 * 7.98 = 28/31) 7.98 t/a, it is used to irrigate 3450

mu irrigation area, nitrogen (N) amount in the agriculture irrigation area is 31.30 kg/hm2, below the

standard, it shows that agricultural irrigation area can completely digest and absorb poultry and

livestock feces, risk of soil pollution in agriculture irrigation area is very small.

（2）Impact on soil physical and chemical properties

Soil physical and chemical properties is very important for crop growth and nutrient effective

absorption, in addition to a large number of organic matter and quick nutrient content available in

biogas slurry, also contain organic acids, amino acids, they can significantly change soil intrinsic

physical and chemical properties, consequently affect crop growth and nutrient uptake. Research data

of Zhang Wudi et in "Biogas slurry impact on soil organic matter content and fertilization effect "

(Zhang Wudi, the Renewable Energy, 2008, 26 (6)) shows that the impact of biogas slurry

application on soil organic matter content and soil improvement and fertilization effects, the results

show that biogas slurry application can significantly increase soil organic matter, ammonia nitrogen,

rapid available potassium and rapid available phosphorus content, biogas slurry application is helpful

to adjust soil pH value. Other reports (Wang Yuexia, “Biogas slurry farmland utilization technology

and its study of soil environmental effect”, Zhejiang agricultural university) points out that biogas

slurry irrigation can improve microbial populations of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in soil,

fertilizer application and biogas slurry with nitrogen the effect is obvious; biogas slurry application

can also improve dominance index, richness and uniformity of the three types of microorganisms in

soil, and soil microbial diversity is increased.

(3) Impact on soil heavy metals

At present due to the influence by adding heavy metals more or less in the process of livestock

and poultry breeding, livestock and poultry waste contains a certain amount of heavy metals. Soil

zinc, the content of Cu in top layer 0 ~ 20 cm > 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer, relevant data shows that

biogas slurry irrigation will increase Cu and zinc content in soil at all levels, but the heavy metal

content does not exceed the national soil environment quality standard limit, it is indicated that

biogas slurry application has less effect on the soil heavy metal accumulation.

5.3 Product processing

Chinese herbal medicine processing project is mainly focused on primary processing, the

primary processing simply refers to process of picking, kneading, drying process, process description

87


is as follows:

It is required to make classification of Chinese medicinal materials in certain time and store in

raw material storehouse to maintain good quality of medicinal materials, some of Chinese herbal

medicine are then taken out from the warehouses to select and organize, inappropriate medicinal

materials or disqualified medicinal materials are removed out, and the selected medicinal materials

will be trimmed and shaped up. It is needed to arrange medicinal materials into washing machine for

cleaning, to remove dirt and impurities, to cut medicinal materials to meet the requirements of

slicing, to cut all into small flakes, to make into slices, and put into oven for drying, inappropriate

pieces are smashed into medicinal powder, to dry them in oven, with high pressure steam

sterilization, then packaging. The main impact analysis

(1) Waste water environmental impact analysis

The sources of production wastewater in the project mainly include water used for cleaning

medicinal materials, cleaning mechanical equipment, they have little impact on the environment.

(2)Atmospheric environmental impact analysis

In the process of medicinal material crushing, sieving, packaging a certain amount of dust will

be produced, but mechanical devices used in these processes are closed ones, through bag dust

collectors, the dust is scanty, less impact will be produced on external environment. Sterilization

equipment are tight sealing equipment, only after the process of sterilization medicinal materials will

be taken out with very small amount of water vapor as fugitive emissions, they have little influence

upon external environment.

(3) Acoustic environmental impact analysis

Noise reduction measures are designed and taken on noisy equipment, such as installing rubber

damping pads on processing equipment, to install sound insulation devices on the motor of

processing equipment, with above measures, through comparison and analogy of similar enterprises,

the sound level of sound source overlay does not exceed 84 db (A); In equipment arrangement

layout, produce equipment are installed far away from the sensitive area, double insulated glass are

installed, to reduce noise impact on the environment. The workshop attenuation value will be at 15

dB (A), double insulated glass value will be at 8 dB (A). With above measures, project factory area

can meet the threshold requirements of day and night noise reduction.

(4) Solid waste environmental impact analysis

Primary wastes in the project production process are detritus of raw medicinal materials,

packages of raw medicinal, domestic garbage, and so on. Herbs clastics in the process of project

production must be recycled as far as possible. In case they can not be recycled they must be

processed by local sanitation departments. Domestic garbage are non-toxic harmless wastes, they are

88


collected in the factory, the local environmental sanitation stations will collect and treat them on a

regular basis.

5.4 Resources carrying capacity analysis

5.4.1 Water resources carrying capacity analysis1. Water used in the irrigation for crops

Irrigation is the main approach using water in project area. The irrigated crops include forage

grass, apple, potato, Chinese medicine herbs. Referring the irrigation quota specified in Gansu

Sector Water Using Quota for the quota in agriculture irrigation. The water using condition for this

proposed additional cropping activities are described in the following table 5.4-1.

Table 5.4.1 Water Consumption in the Additional Agriculture Cropping Activities

Project

countyCrops

Irrigatio

n

Quota /

(m3/mu)

scale/ha

Water

consumption/

(m3/a)

Water source and usage

LongxiDangs

hen50 105 78750

Implementation of water division from

Taohe river project

Subtotal 105 78750

WeiyuanPotato 40

750 450000

Yongjing 1140 684000 Harvest rain water for irrigation

Subtotal 1890 1134000

Weiyuan

grass 50

203.81 152857.5

Huachi

county600 450000 Construction water cisterns 530

Zhangjiac

huan230 172500

Subtitle 1033.1 775357.5

Total 1988107.5

2、Water consumption in animal raising

Referring the Water Quota Used in Irrigation by Sectors in Gansu, water consumption quota in

animal raising is shown in the following table:

Table 5.4-2 Water Consumption in Animal Raising in the Proposed Project Counties

89


Project countyAnimal

name

Water consumption quota

( m3/100head•day) Scale (head)

Water

consumption

(m3/d)Animal drinking Shed washing

TongweiCattle 6 2.26

2745 226.7

Zhangjiachuan 2216 183.0

Huanxian

Sheep 1 0.4

12346 128.4

Huachi 9485 98.6

Dongxiang 15971 166.1

Yongjing 6371 66.3

Gulang 17904 186.2

Anding 13092 136

Lintao 9683 100.7

Minxian 8646 89.9

Tongwei 6549 68.1

Miinxian Pigs 4 1.2 4000 208

Total water consumption (m3/d) 1658

3、Water resource balance analysis

All data used in balance analysis of water resource is provided by counties PMOs in each

project counties. Table 5.4.3 shows the balance of water resource in project area before and after

project implementation.

90


91


Table 5.4-3 The Table of Water Resource Usage and Balance

NoCounty

name

Before project implementation

Problem

solving

approach

After project implementation

Water availability (0000m3) Water demanded

Water in

short

(0000

m3)

Water availability (0000m3) Water demanded

Water

in short

(0000

m3)

Assuranc

e rate

75% of

water

volume

Availabl

e water

usage

Existin

g water

divisio

n

volume

Effective

irrigatio

n

area（m

u）

Water

usage

(0000

m3)

Assuranc

e rate

75% of

water

volume

Available

water

usage

Existin

g water

division

volume

Effecti

ve

irrigati

on

area（mu）

Water

usage

(0000

m3)

1Huan

county167.83 143.1 117.8 67500 141.9 1.2

Water

supply

project,

water pond

167.83 143.1 117.8 67500 143.5 -0.4

2Gulang

County857.55 1550 1550 32852 1143.4 406.6 865.8 1550 1550 32852 1154.4 395

3Anding

district869.4 766.9 713.2 22043 711 55.9 1173.7 1035.3 962.8 131265 962.8 72.2

4Weiyua

n county238.4 133.1 40.3 90572 109.5 23.6 238.4 143.1 40.3

104879139.5 3.6

5Longxi

county337.2 134.9 101.1 41352 113.6 21.3 337.2 134.9 101.1

42927133.6 1.3

6Tongwei

county408.6 338.4 97.5 6500 306 32.5 408.6 338.4 97.5 6500 325 13.4

7Lintao

county679.7 634.4 587.5 21368 457.6 176.8 679.7 634.4 587.5 21368 461.6 172.8

8 Dongxia 132 132 7.98 18750 78 54 132 132 7.89 18750 80 52

92


n county

9Yongjin

g county879.3 868.9 793.6 17857 689.2 179.7 879.3 868.9 793.6

34957694.2 174.7

10Jinning

county68.47 82.15 36.2 6060 81.37 0.78 68.47 82.15 36.2 6800 82.43 0.28

11Heshui

county643.86 321.91 12 9000 198 115 643.86 321.91 54 9000 190 124

12Huachi

county320 274 126 28800 173 101 220 274 126

37800178 96

13 Minxian 16535 16535 0 0 365 16170 16535 16535 0 0 377 16158

14

Zhengni

ng

county

138 138 4.68 17970 56 82 138 138 4.68 22000 57 81

15

Zhuangl

ang

county

76.3 90.4 41.8 6600 89.5 0.9 76.3 90.4 41.8 7480 89 1.4

16Zhangjia

chuan 126.1 187.6 142.5 33200 132.8 54.8 126.1 187.6 142.5

36650150.8 36.8

Notes：the available sources of water：It includes the water from river, wells, water pond(water division quota), which could be

used in cropping, except rain water.

93


5.4.2 The impact on local pasture burden

In consideration of specific implementation of the project components in project area, grass

bearing capacity analysis are shown in table 5.4 4. It can be seen from the table that livestock

development project counties, including Yongjing county, Dongxiang county, Gulang county,

WeiYuan county, Tongwei county, MinXian county, Anding district, Zhangjiachuan county,

Jingning county, Huang county, Huachi county , have enough grass to support the amount of

livestock under the project., the implementation of project, project support the development of

livestock, total

94


Table 5.4-3 Summary table of grass and livestock in project area

No. County name

Total number of

existing livestock

(Sheep unit)

Livestock

development

supported by the

project

(Sheep unit)

total

(Sheep

unit)

Amounts of grass

required (ton)

Amount available for grass

sub-totalcultivated

grasslandnative pasture crop residues

1 Yongjing County 29000 1500 30500 20038 26200 8160 5440

2 Dongxiang County 19600 50000 59600 17780 44603 75 0

3Gulang

County49599 22000 71599 47040.54 53280.00 0 0 53280.00

4Weiyuan

County18495 5200 23695 15567.62 14836 6480 5000

5Longxi

County575042 0 575042 630000 1960000 160000 0

6 Tongwei County 650000 6000 656000 700000 2680000 280000

7 Min County 191600 14000 205600 81047 92000 15000 55800

8 Anding District 97961 8441 106402 69906.11 125343 3159

9Lintao

County493700 16810 510510 335405.1 426908.3 287300 0 139608.3

10 Zhangjiachuan county 62120 15504 77624 50998.968 51893.9 3537 10602.37 33433.75

11 Zhuanglang County 0

12 Jingning County 14957 4000 18957 12454.749 28540.2 9336.6 0

13Huan

County 189050 6830 194183 157528 190417 59346

14 Huachi 16000 9300 25300 26500 458500 32500 400000

95


County

15 Zhengning County 14800 0 0 0 0 0 0

16Heshui

County0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Above all, it can be seen from the table above livestock development in total supported under the project in16 counties

have enough grass.

96


5.5 Environmental Assimilative Capacity Analysis

5.5.1 OverviewEnvironmental bearing capacity is also called environmental tolerance or environmental

endurance, which is the environmental capacity. It means that in a certain period, under certain

environmental condition, the supporting capacity limit for a regional environment of the human

society, economic activity. The environment for human survival and development is a large system,

it provides space and carrier for human activities, and it also provides resources for human activities

and accommodate wastes. For human activities, the value of environmental system embodied in it

can provide support for existence and development of human society an activity. As the

environmental system’s material proportion is of certain quantity relationship, have certain

distribution rule in space, so it's ability to support human activities has certain limit.

A variety of environmental problems of today show that to large extent there are conflict

between human activities and environmental bearing capacity. When human society economic

activities impact on the environment exceed the supportive limit of the environment, namely the

"stimulus" exceeds the capacity of the environmental system to maintain the dynamic balance and

anti-interference ability, which means that human social behavior force exceeds the carrying capacity

of the environment. Thus, it could use human environmental capacity as a scale to evaluate the

coordinated extent of the human society economy and the environment. The bearing capacity of

various pollutants is the bearing capacity of the environment, it is needed to analyze the bearing

capacity of the environment from the perspective of Composition elements, including analysis on

atmospheric environmental capacity, water environmental capacity, soil bearing capacity.

5.5.2 Livestock and poultry breeding environment capacity analysis

The main pollutants under the project include excrement and urine of cattle, sheep and pigs,

dead animals, medical wastes from animal epidemic prevention, a variety of packaging for plant

pests control, one of the biggest environmental impacts in project area is dung of cattle, sheep and

pigs. Thus environmental capacity analysis is mainly aimed at the analysis on excrement and urine of

cows, sheep and pigs, to consider whether the total cultivated land in the project area can absorb

livestock and plantation wastes from the existing and new breeding activities.

Animal urine will immediately enter methane tanks or natural evaporation, carcasses of sick

animals and medical wastes will be treated through special process, there is no environmental

capacity problem. Animal wastes mainly used as organic fertilizer are applied into farmland, so it is

needed to carry out environmental capacity analysis.

Reference to The Detailed Regulation on the Accounting of the Reduction of Main

97


Contaminants Total Emission in “the twelfth five-year plan” Period, the utilization of agriculture

sewage/urine should construct a fixed rain anti-seepage sewage pool/urine. Under normal

circumstances, the pool size should be able to accommodate more than 2 months of sewage

discharged/urine (not less than 0.3 m3 of sewage would be generated by 1 sale pig), and shall

provide a clear certificate demonstrating where the sewage/urine has been transported or the

certificate of users. In general, the absorbed and digested sewage/urine or manure by the soil per mu

annually would not excess the total volume of excrement produced by 5 pigs (for sale), 0.2 heads of

cattle (for sale), 15 sheep (for sale).

Inside the animal breeding farms, generally it would construct the specific urine collection and

storage tanks and temporary heaping ground of dry manure. It plans to take brick-concrete structure

to construct the tank, and the bottom and walls of the tank would be pint by limes so as to avoid the

seepage of urines. Urine and feces after the fermentation and the degradation, it could be used as

farmland fertilizer. The detailed statistic table 5.5-2 shows the status of fertilization application by

using animal urine and dung.”

98


Table 5.5-1 Arable land area in project county & villages County name Project counties (ha) Project village (ha)

Arable land Orchard area Arable land Orchard area Arable land Orchard area Arable land Orchard area

Yongjing

County23747.0 2367.0 6533.0 32647.0 3871.0 7.7 672.0 4550.7

Dongxiang

County24467.0 2330.0 855.0 27652.0 2212.6 87.2 173.0 2472.8

Gulang County 75533.3 4769.9 4109.9 84413.1 5053.0 0.0 1458.8 6511.8

Weiyuan

County53380.0 0.0 685.3 54065.3 5480.0 0.0 57.1 5537.1

Longxi County 78457.0 2216.0 30667.0 111340.0 4928.5 100.0 1710.0 6738.5

Tongwei

County122186.1 5000.0 4273.4 131459.5 4841.0 46.6 275.0 5162.6

Minxian

County42996.0 167.0 9733.0 52896.0 5132.0 0.0 4218.0 9350.0

Anding

District114504.2 2049.0 56800.0 173353.2 8751.0 210.0 6367.2 15328.2

Lintao County 120886.6 / / 120886.6 / / / /

Zhangjiachuan

County37600.0 3000.0 6947.0 47547.0 3354.0 0.0 163.3 3517.3

Zhuanglang

County61103.0 9297.0 10517.0 80917.0 2096.0 368.4 42.2 2506.6

Jingning

County98032.0 34974.0 1347.0 134353.0 3228.2 300.0 159.4 3687.6

Huan

County205133.0 6153.0 117906.0 329192.0 18806.0 0.0 22043.0 40849.0

Huachi County 68908.0 94.3 49746.7 118749.0 16414.0 911.0 2988.9 20313.9

Zhengning

County28627.0 13213.0 666.7 42506.7 4534.0 1778.0 0.0 6312.0

99


Heshui County 25703.0 14705.0 12000.0 52408.0 4555.0 4000.0 980.0 9535.0

Total 1181263.3 100335.2 312787.0 1594385.4 93256.3 7808.9 41307.9 142373.1

Table 5.5-2 Arable land carrying capacity of livestock farming manure quantity in project counties Project

countysheep cow swine Total land

area

carrying

the total

livestock

manure（mu）

The

existing

farmlan

d in

project

counties

（mu）

Satisfiab

ility

Predicted

number in

2014

(head)

Increase

d

amount

under

the

project

(head)

Total

(head)

Predicted

number in

2014

(head)

Increased

amount

under the

project

(head)

Total

(head)

Predicted

number in

2014

(head)

Increased

amount

under the

project

(head)

Total

(head)

Predicte

d

number

in 2014

(head)

Increased

amount

under the

project

(head)

Total

(head)

Yongjing

County17944 7500 25444 1696.3 1804 0 1804 9020 0 0 0 0 10716.3 356205

S

Dongxiang

County21828 15600 37428 2495.2 3192 0 3192 15960 0 0 0 0 18455.2 367005

S

Gulang

County75019 12120 87139 5809.3 10513 0 10513 52565 32794 0 32794 6558.8 64933.1 1133000

S

Weiyuan

County23864 6150 30014 2000.9 16215 0 16215 81075 52431 0 52431 10486.2 93562.1 800700

S

Longxi

County35631 0 35631 2375.4 12146 0 12146 60703 47549 0 47549 9509.8 73488.2 1176855

S

Tongwei

County8585 0 8585 572.3 11035 1804 12839 64195 22257 0 22257 4451.4 69218.7 1832792

S

Minxian 43363 10310 53673 3578.2 55161 0 55161 275805 49734 4000 53734 10746.8 290130 S

100


County 1356982

Anding

District 38306 12992 51298 3419.9 15276 0 15276 76380 8521 0 8521 1704.2 81504.1 1717563

S

Lintao

County53978 16810 70788 4719.2 24130 0 24130 120650 42687 0 42687 8537.4 133906.6 1813300

S

Zhangjiachu

an county0 0 0 0 0 2280 2280 11400 0 0 0 0 11400 564000

S

Zhuanglang

County585 0 585 39 8342 0 8342 41710 27952 0 27952 5590.4 47339.4 916545

S

Jingning

county557 0 557 37 34422 800 35222 176110 30752 0 30752 6150.4 182297.4 1470480

S

Huan County 181763 683018859

312572.9 22821 0 22821 114105 24547 0 24547 4909.4 131587.3 3076995

S

Huachi

County39001 9300 48301 3220.1 8682 0 8682 43410 10221 0 10221 2044.2 48674.3 1033620

S

Zhengning

County5820 0 5820 388 3821 0 3821 19105 10724 0 10724 2144.8 21637.8 429405

S

Heshui

County3676 0 3676 245.1 1786 0 1786 8930 0 0 0 0 9175.1 385545

S

There for, the total arable land area in the 16 project counties could fully “digest”the manure of cattle and sheep produced in all

project counties respectively, there is no more than environmental capacity. If the manure of cattle and sheep would also be “digested”

in other land of these counties, it would make manure in average per mu land is far less than the maximum environmental capacity, also

there is not the problem of environmental capacity. In addition, and animal breeding is scattered in project households, and it will not

form centralized pollution in the certain area.

101


102


6 Alternative scheme analysis

6.1 Purposes and principles of comparison analysis

Purposes of alternative scheme comparison analysis are to compare programs that can be taken to optimize the project from the environmental point of view and minimize environmental impacts.

General principles of alternative scheme comparison analysis are:1) Quantified comparison: quantify impacts of project implementation on the environment, as much as possible.2) Comprehensive comparison: compare and analyze from environmental, technological, and social-economic aspects.3) Compliance: programs selected have to be in compliance with relevant development plans, standards and local conditions;

6.2 Zero scheme analysis

This is a pilot demonstration project of World Bank poverty reduction projects through industrial development and it has no other alternative project. So the assessment is only related to the project scenario and no project scenario. The project scenario refers to the implementation of this poverty reduction scheme, while the no project scenario means not implementing this scheme, i.e. zero scheme. The comparison analysis under project and no project scenarios are carried out in terms of environmental profit and loss as well as social-economic aspect (Table 6.2-1).

Table 6.2-1 Comparison analysis under no project

Type Project implementation No project (zero scheme)

Main

advantages

(1) After the implementation of the

project, terraces, embankment projects,

irrigation works will be established,

improving condition for farm work,

making full use of land and reducing

waste of water resources due to

adoption of water saving irrigation

facilities.


project, new technologies, new

varieties will be extended such as

(1) Maintain the status of the project site, for

instance, the vegetation will not be disturbed.

(2) There will be no change in land use value of

the region where the project site is located (not

occupying land).

(3) There will be no impacts to the

environment, such as, noise, waste gas, waste

water, solid waste and so on, brought during

construction period from infrastructure

facilities.

(4) There will be no noise, waste gas, waste

103


formula fertilization, raising the yield

per unit area, increasing outputs,

improving land use efficiency, and

reducing pollution of environment

around due to farming activities;

(3) After the project implementation,

waste from planting and animal raising

will be properly treated; cycling

agricultural models such as fruit tree-

biogas-animal, vegetable-biogas-

animal will be extended to pursue

interests and avoid risks, promoting

the formation of special industries; and

a large amount of organic fertilizer

will be returned to farmland, which

will raise the organic content of

farmland, as a result, fertilizing the

land and ameliorating the soil texture.


the extensive operation will be altered

and local pillar economy will be

promoted with modern agricultural

idea, resulting in good use and

conservation of sunlight, heat, water,

and land; optimizing agricultural

interior structure and reasonable

resource allocation, and optimizing the

planting structure of agriculture;

(5) After the project implementatiom,

orchard area will be increased by 200

ha through apple planting,

consequently conserving water source,

reducing water and soil loss, regulating

local micro-climate, and raising forest

coverage rate;


local roads will be hardened, reducing

product loss during transports and fuel

consumption, and significantly

reducing solid waste and gas,

water, solid waste etc. during the operation of

various infrastructure facilities.

(5) Water resource use will not be strained due

to professional raising of cattle, sheep and pigs,

mitigating local shortage of water resources.

104


favourable for local environmental

protection as a consequence;


the vegetation disturbed by

infrastructure construction will be

restored to improve the environment

around;


relevant environmental protection

measures will be made for items and

links that may bring about impact to

the environment, to minimize the

impact.

Main

disadvantages (1) After the implementation of the

project, the construction of facilities

such as office place, animal raising

stable, store, trading market will

occupy land, and some land use

changes are irreversible.

(2) During the implementation of the

project, the vegetation will be

destroyed; floating dust, noise, waste

water, waste gas, and solid wastes

produced will impact the environment

around.

(3) After implementation of the

project, during the operation period,

floating dust, noise, waste water, waste

gas, and solid waste will be produced,

impacting the environment around.


project, the number of sheep, cattle,

and pigs will be increased and the

planting area of Astragalus,

codonopsis pilosula, potato, apple etc.

will change the original land use, thus,

affecting the ecological equilibrium to

some extent.

(1) The zero scheme implementation is easily

leading to seeking economic benefits one-

sidedly, resulting in environmental pollution

and ecological disturbance.

(2) The level of resources development and use

of leading industries in all project areas is low

with mono-industrial structure, short industrial

chain, which will leads to serious waste of

resources, and easily cause environmental

pollution.

(3) Poor infrastructure will increase product

loss during transports; floating dust is prone to

bringing during transports and waste gas from

transporting vehicles will be increased.

(4) Farmlands will not be connected together,

which will increase the use of farm implements,

pesticides, and fertilizers, and pollution as well.

(5) Poor water conservation infrastructure,

weak management, poor awareness of water

conservation, low water use efficiency and

large waste of water.

(6) Advanced technology in management can’t

be used in planting and animal breeding, which

will give rise to environmental pollution and

have a low contribution to economic growth.

105


(7) Improper composting of plant stalk and

leaves and stable manure, and inappropriate

treatment of animal urine will go on, resulting

in environmental pollution by lost nutrients

from animal manure;

(8) Awareness of environmental protection of

urban and rural residents would be weak, waste

from planting and animal raising will not be

treated and applied to farmland instead; and

environmental protection facilities will be

distributed unevenly particularly not enough in

rural areas.

(9) There will be no monitoring plan and

measures for environmental protection. When

an environmental pollution incident occurs, it

would be difficult to immediately control it.

Comprehensive

analysis

Implementation of this project scheme is superior to the zero scheme from the

environmental and social point of view.

6.3 Comparison of Different Manure Treatments of Small-scale Husbandry

Small-scale animal raising by individual farms will produce less manure due to limited number of animals, particularly sheep manure is small and difficult to collect (especially raising by individual farms). Therefore there are 4 ways to dispose animal manure from small scale raising by individual farms: composting, biogas, burning for heating and zero-treatment. The 3 ways are compared (Table 6.3-1)

106


Table 6.3-1 Comparison of composting, biogas, burning manure for heating, and no treatment

Type Composting Biogas Burning manure for heating Zero treatment

Advantages (1) Improving excrement

treatment. Composting can

reduce the weight, moisture, and

activity of excrement and is easy

to operate. Compost can be well

stored without odor and flies,

which can decrease run-off and

N loss.

(2) Improving land use.

Composting will transfer N in

excrement into more stable

organic N. Excrement of great

litter and feces has a high C/N

ratio. Heat from composting

processes will reduce quantity of

weed seeds. Compost used for

farming can raise soil organic

matter, better soil texture, and

reduce application of other

fertilizers.

(3) Reducing pollution risk and

odour complaints. The features

that compost can be treated and

stored allow for its farther

(1) Solving the energy supply in the rural

area. A biogas tank of 10 m3 can supply

a household of 3-4 people with the

energy for lighting and cooking if raw

materials for fermentation are enough

and management is good, which will

reduce smog, solid waste and waste gas

from burning biomass and coal.

(2) Promoting agricultural development.

Incorporation of animal waste into

biogas tanks for fermentation will

produce biogas and a great amount of

organic manure, expanding source of

organic manure.

(3) Crops fertilized with biogas manure

will have a strong capability for anti-

drought and avoiding freeze injury, and a

high survival rate, which will economize

on chemical fertilizers and pesticides,

and is good for environmental protection.

(4) Boosting development of animal

husbandry. Biogas development will be

in favor of solving fuel, feed and

fertilizer and accelerate livestock

(1) Drying manure can be burnt

for heating, which will reduce

not only use of coal but solid

waste, smog and waste gas.

(2) Burning manure for heating

can reduce costs.

(1) Simple work. It only

needs to carry manure to

farmland or collecting

sites even not carrying

and leaving it to

decomposing naturally.

(2) It doesn’t need

investment in

infrastructure

construction, reducing

residents’ economic

inputs.

(3) Manure will be

scattered on fields, which

will also improve the soil

quality.

(4) Proving edibles or

shelter for organisms

around will ensure the

environment of project

site to some extent.

(5) Part of big manure

can be used as fuel to be

burnt after drying.

107


transportation. Well-managed

composting facilities will not

produce odour and attract flies

and can kill pathogenic bacteria,

restraining plant disease

spreading through soil.

Composting can transform N

into the form that will not be

prone to penetrating into

groundwater or washed away by

run-off.

(4) Simple operation. After

simple treatment, it will be

mixed with crop stalks and

leaves, disposing part of waste

from cultivation.

(5) Occupying a small area, not

needing big investments, only

requiring seepage control and

drainage.

(5) The organic matter in

excrement is most easily

decomposable, which will

reduce pollution of the

groundwater.

development.

(5)Improving sanitation condition.

Providing energy through biogas tanks,

clean and easy, will better rural hygiene,

beneficial to the health of people and

animals.

(6) Protecting the environment. Biogas

use will solve the farmer household

energy problem, resulting in slowing

deforestation, protection of grassland,

accelerating tree planting, reducing water

and soil loss, and improving the

agricultural ecological environment.

(7) Small –sized biogas tanks are mainly

built underground, occupying a small

area.

(8) Biogas as energy and its waste as

manure will make multiple-use of animal

feces, reducing pollution as a result.

Disadvantage

s (1) Seepage control and drainage

in rainy seasons are needed;

（1）Construction of biogas tanks raises

residents’ economic inputs, accentuating

(1) When there is a big amount

of excrement with high moisture

（ 1 ） The exposure of

excrement to the air is

108


otherwise it will bring about

water pollution after strong rain.

Composting in winter is quite

slow.

(2) If exposed to the air,

compost is easy to produce odor,

effecting people’s health.

(3) A certain amount of

infrastructure construction is

needed, such as seepage control

and drainage, increasing

residents’ economic inputs and

occupying a certain amount of

land.

(4)N is prone to loss. Unless

feces is mixed with soil and

properly stored, N in feces will

release into the atmosphere

soon, and will be left less than

the amount left in the compost.

(5) The delivering of nutrients is

slow. The initial application is

large, requiring quite an amount

of time and labours.

poverty of residents in the project area.

(2) Consider the use of liquid manure

during rainy seasons and the non-manure

use time

(3) The production process is prone to

bringing toxic gases, such as H2S, as well

as some mixed gases and odour.

(4) It needs to put in raw materials and

get out waste regularly. So the

complicated operation will increase

labour of residents.

(5) Due to implementing underground

construction, the application is confined.

content, it is difficult to dry and

can’t directly be used for

burning.

(2) If excrement is kept for a

long time without disposal, it

will impact ambient air.

(3) Burning excrement for

heating is only in winter with

seasonal restrictions.

prone to producing

odour, affecting the

health of people around.

(2) It is apt to bring

harmful bacteria,

mosquito and flies,

increasing incidence of

disease of people and

animals around.

(3) It is easy to go into

water body after strong

rainfall, resulting in

pollution of water. The

decomposing process is

slow in cold season.

(4) It is unsightly to the

residential area and its

surrounding environment

and impacts plant growth

in the site with massive

piling of manure.

(5) The organic matter in

excrement is recalcitrant,

increasing pollution of

groundwater after

application.

Comprehensi According to existing situation of project area and animal raising sites, and advantages and disadvantages

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ve analysis of disposal ways, burning excrement for heating is recommended first , biogas second, composting

third and zero treatment last.

6.4 Comparison of Different Manure Treatments of Large Scale Animal Farm

Large scale animal raising involves large numbers of animals with great amounts of feces produced. So feces has to be treated. Large scale raising has 2 ways to dispose feces, i.e. composting and biogas. The comparison of the 2 ways is as follows: Table 6.4-1.

Table 6.4-1 Comparison of composting and biogas

Type Composting Biogas Burning manure for heating

Advant

ages （1）Improving excrement treatment. Composting

can reduce the weight, moisture, and activity of

excrement and is easy to decompose. Compost can

be well stored without odor and flies, and be used

at any time in a year, decreasing run-off and N

loss.

(2) Improving land use. Composting will transfer

N in excrement into more stable organic N. Heat

from composting processes will reduce quantity of

weed seeds. Compost is a good soil amendment. It

will be used for farming, raising soil organic

matter, bettering soil texture, reducing application

of other fertilizers, and lightening potential erosion

of soil.

(3) Reducing pollution risk and odour complaints.

（ 1 ） Solving the rural energy supply. It can

supply energy for lighting and cooking if raw

materials for fermentation are enough and

management is good, which will reduce smog,

solid waste and waste gas from burning biomass

and coal.

(2)Promoting agricultural production development.

Incorporation of animal waste into biogas tanks for

fermentation will produce biogas and a great

amount of organic manure, expanding source of

organic manure and disposing a great quantity of

stalks and leaves from cultivation.

(3) Crops fertilized with biogas manure will have a

strong capability for anti-drought and avoiding

freeze injury, and a high survival rate, which will

（1）Drying excrement can be burnt for heating,

reducing coal consumption, and solid waste, waste

gas, and smog.

(2) Burning coal for heating can also cut down

costs.

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The features that compost can be treated and stored

allow for it being transported farther than where

the excrement and raw materials are produced.

Well-managed composting facilities will not

produce odour and attract flies and can kill

pathogenic bacteria, restraining plant disease

spreading through soil. Composting can transform

N into the form that will not be prone to

penetrating into groundwater or washed away by

run-off.

(4) Simple operation. It only needs be mixed with

simply treated crop stalks and leaves, decomposing

a lot of waste from cultivation, and doesn’t need

complicated management in the late stage.

(5) The treatment of excrement from animal

raising will cut down pollution to the environment.

(6) The organic matter in excrement is most easily

decomposable, which will reduce pollution of the

groundwater.

economize on chemical fertilizers and pesticides,

and is good for environmental protection.

(4) Boosting development of animal husbandry.

Biogas development will be in favor of solving

fuel, feed and fertilizer, and accelerate livestock

development and protect the environment.

(5)Improving sanitation condition. The use of

biogas as fuel is smokeless, dustless, clean and

easy with feces as raw material for fermentation.

The bacteria and parasite ova will go into the tank

and be eradicated during the fermentation, thus

bettering rural sanitation conditions, beneficial to

the health of people and animals.

(6) Protecting the environment. Biogas will solve

the farmer household energy supply problem,

resulting in slowing deforestation and vegetation

disturbance by sheep and cattle, which is favorable

to protection of grassland, accelerating tree

planting, reducing water and soil loss, and

improving the agricultural ecological environment.

(7) Timely incorporation of excrement into the

biogas tank reduces its exposure to the air,

improving sanitation of the raising site as well as

reducing the incidence of disease of animal raised.

(8) Biogas as fuel and its residue as manure will

realize multiple use of feces, consequently

decreasing pollution.

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Disadv

antages （1）Composting sites, storage of raw materials,

and finished compost storing will occupy quite an

amount of land even construction land with certain

infrastructure, such as seepage control, drainage,

which will increase economic inputs of enterprises,

and take a certain amount of land.

(2) Seepage control and drainage in rainy seasons

need to be considered; otherwise it will bring about

water pollution after strong rain. Cold weather will

reduce temperatures for composting; make the

composting process slow, which is not easy to

handle in a short time, hence needing to increase

composting sites.

(3)Exposure of compost to the air with poor

management is prone to producing odor, attracting

mosquito and flies, effecting people’s health

around even the environment.

(4) In order to reduce labour costs, feces needs

accumulating to certain amount then put to

composting, in such a case feces will be exposed to

the air for a long time, and needs facility for

storing, which will increase inputs.

(5) N is prone to loss. Unless feces is mixed with

soil and properly stored, N in excrement will

release into the atmosphere soon, and will be left

less than the amount left in the compost.

(1)Large scale raising produces large amounts of

excrement, whose treatment through biogas

production requires a large amount of land. For

example, a pig farm of 10,000 pigs needs 10,000

mu of land to reuse feces, so the use is confined.

(2) Consider how to use liquid residue during rainy

seasons and non-manure use seasons. Take into

account the percentage of feeding and discharge

in winter and summer.

(3) It needs to feed in raw materials and get out

waste regularly. So the complicated operation will

increase labour of residents. The construction

needs a great amount of funds and takes into

consideration geological condition.

(4) The production process is prone to bringing

toxic gases, such as H2S, as well as some mixed

gases and odour.

(5) The process of biogas production and period of

its storing are possible to leak, then explode and

catch fire, which will cause casualty, property loss,

and environmental pollution.

(1) Excrement contains a great amount of moisture,

is difficult to dry and can’t be burnt directly.

(2) If feces is kept for a long time without

treatment, it will impact ambient air.

(3) Burning feces for heating is only in winter with

a seasonal restriction.

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(6) The delivering of nutrients is slow. The initial

application is large, requiring quite an amount of

time and labours.

Differe

nce

from

raising

by

individ

ual

farms

Large scale animal raising produces a large amount

of feces, and composting occupies more land. If

management is poor, it is more prone to producing

water and air pollution, even affects the health of

residents, or impacts the environment. In addition,

it needs to take into consideration the use scope of

residue application. Composting sites need strict

management, which increases enterprises inputs,

but can be offset by sales of organic manure.

Large scale animal raising produces a lot of feces,

which needs large biogas project facilities and

occupies more land with some confinement. The

consequence of leakage during its operation is far

more serious than that of raising by individual

farms. Furthermore it needs to take into account the

scope of biogas application, and disposal of solid

and liquid residue. Biogas sites need more strict

management, which will increase enterprises’ input

but can be offset by sales of biogas, solid and

liquid wastes.

Larger scale animal raising produces a great

quantity of feces, which contains much moisture,

so drying will take far more land compared with

raising by individual farms.

Compr

ehensiv

e

analysi

s

According to existing situation of project area and animal raising sites, and advantages and disadvantages of disposal ways, excrement treatment through

biogas production is recommended first, then composting, and finally burning feces for heating.

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6.5 Comparison of Residue from Farmland and Orchard Residue from farmland and orchard includes stalks, remnant plants, weeds, litters, fruit shells, vines, tree branches, and others. Residue can be used for biogas and compost, also is coarse fodder and cushion materials for stables of animals, and can be left on field without treatment. Comparison of coarse fodder, cushion materials, and no treatment is given in Table 6.5-1. Advantages and disadvantages of biogas and composting are given in the comparison of different feces treatment ways of small scale animal raising by individual farms (Table 6.3-1). Table 6.5-1 explains comparison of coarse fodder, cushion materials, and no treatment. Treatments of coarse fodder and cushion materials are almost going on side by side, so they are bracketed together, combined with the comparison of biogas and composting in Table 6.3-1 and the comparison of coarse fodder, cushion materials and no treatment in Table 6.5-1 to make comprehensive analysis.

Table 6.5-1 Comparison of coarse fodder/cushion materials and no treatment

Type Composting Biogas Coarse fodder/ cushion materials No treatment

Advant

ages

See Table

6.3-1

See Table

6.3-1

(1) Increase forage source of

cattle, sheep, and pigs, decrease

vegetation disturbance by

animals, conserving grassland in

the project area, and maintaining

the ecological balance, as a

result, cutting down farmers’

input to fodder and raising the

quality of cattle, sheep, and pigs

in the local area.

(2) This treatment is equivalent

to the early treatment of biogas

production or composting,

reducing labor costs, and in

favour of biogas production and

composting.

(3) It will dispose residue from

cropland and orchard, reducing

the impact of residue to the local

landscape.

(1) It doesn’t need operation but

leaving residue to cropland or

orchard to decompose naturally,

reducing labour and energy

consumption during residue

transportation.

(2)There is no need to invest in

infrastructure, reducing residents’

economic inputs.

(3) Residue from cropland and

orchard is left in situ, which will be

organic manure and improve soil.

(4) Providing edibles and shelter for

organisms around ensures the

environment of the project area to

some extent.

(5) Residue can be used as fuel for

residents after natural drying

Disadv

antages See Table

6.3-1

See Table

6.3-1

(1) Residue left in stables is

likely to pollute local water

(1) Residue from cropland and

orchard left in situ is prone to

114


source with rain if management

is poor.

(2) More redundant residue left

in stables will increase the

incidence of disease of cattle,

sheep, and pigs. Frequent

cleaning of stables will waste

water and improper treatment of

waste water from cleaning will

pollute surface water in the area.

bringing harmful bacteria, mosquito

and flies, increasing the probability

of incidence of disease of residents

around.

(2) It will go into water body after a

lot of rain, causing pollution as a

consequence. Its decomposing is

slow in cold weather while prone to

catching fire in drought condition,

leading to ecological and

atmospheric impacts.

(3) Its use as fuel after drying, is

prone to polluting the atmosphere,

impacting the environment.

(4) It will impact the sight of

residential areas and their

surroundings as well as growth of

crops and fruit trees next year.

Compr

ehensiv

e

analysi

s

According to existing situation of project area and animal raising sites, and advantages and disadvantages

of disposal ways, it is recommended that residue from cropland and orchard should be used as coarse

fodder and cushion materials for cattle, sheep and pigs, then mixed with feces of the animals and people

for composting. After short fermentation, pathogenic bacteria, parasite ova in feces of animals and

people, and plant pests hidden in stalks and weed seeds will be killed, then the residue is put in biogas

tanks for producing biogas, the solid and liquid waste from biogas production is put to cropland or

orchard for reuse, realizing multiple-use and bring about more benefits as well.

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7 Public Consultation and DisclosureBased on the requirement of the Environment Protection Minitry and the World Bank on public

consultation, the project and EIA information should be released at each EIA stage. And the project

should set up a smooth communication channel to the public. Besides those, it should make

adjustment on project arrangements based on public consultation results. The project information

has been released through the following procedures:

（ 1 ） The project information had been released on the provincial media at the initial

assessment stage. The information covered project components, contacts of project executive agency

and EIA agency, the outline of EIA report and potential impacts both positive and negative for public

comments and recommendations.

（ 2 ） The brief EIA report will be released on the media of project area at the later

assessmentstage stage for more comments and recommendations. And the EIA report will be be

revised based on public consultation results.

7.1 Disclosure

Based on the Interim Measures of Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment,

theDisclosure of Environment Information (trial version), the Environmental Assessment

(OP/BP4.01) and the Information Disclosure (BP17.50), the EIA information had been released to

the public througn various channels including newspapers and bulletins. The information had been

disclosed twice. The first round of disclosure had been carried out at the stage of the completion of

EIA of each sub-project and the outline the EIA. And the second round of disclosure had been

carried out at the completion of the draft EIA report.

7.2 Public Consultation

7.2.1 Public ParticipantsIn accordance with project environment characters, the neighborhood residents have been

selected as the public participants for EIA.

7.2.2 Public Consultation PlanBased on the Interim Measures of Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment,

and relevant project information, the public consultation has been carried out as follows:

(1) To release EIA information;

116


(2) To seek public comments;

(3) To collect and analyze public comments;

(4) To response to the public comments;

(5) To draft the chapter of public consultation.

7.2.3 EIA Information DisclosureThe EIA information had been released to the public form comments through various channels

such as newspapers, questionnaires and household visits.

7.2.3.1 The First DisclosureAfter entrusted by the project executive angency, the EIA information had been released to the

public firstly on February 22nd 2014. The information includes project name and components, name

and contact of project executive agency, name and contact of EIA institute, EIA procedure and

activities, key items for public comments and main channels for seeking public comments.

The information is firstly disclosed from February 22nd to March 7th 2014 shown as in Photo

7.2-1.

Photo 7.2-1 Public Notification at Project Township (in Kangwang Village of Malu Township)

117


7.2.3.2 The Second DisclosureThe Environment Impact Report is released to the public on the Poverty Reduction Website of

Gansu Poverty Reduction Office and is printed in PMOs. The bulletin board is made for public

notification at project townships and villages. And farmers are informed that the report is available in

PMOs.

The information is secondly released to the public by two periods. One is from April 19th to

May 12th 2014 (report printing and bulletin board). The other is from April 30 th to May 14th (on

website). The details are shown in Photo 7.2-2, 7.2-3 and 7.2-4.

Photo 7.2-2 The Second Disclosure

118


Photo 7.2-3 Bulletion Board at Project Township (Xucheng Village, Wanquan Township,

Zhuanglang County)

Photo 7.2-3 Bulletion Board at Project Township (Zhuchuan Village, Biyu Township, Tongwei

County)

7.3 Results7.3.1 Public Notification

There is no comment and recommendation during the first and the second disclosures.

7.3.2 Questionary Analysis

The residents living in the neighborhood had been selected as the individual participants. And

the village committees close to the project had been selected as the institution participants. The

project had distributed 879 questionnaires to the individual participants and collected 835

questionnaires with the collection rate of 95%. And the project had distributed 91 questionnaires to

the institution participants and collected 91 questionnaires with the collection rate of 100%. The

disclosure meets the Interim Measures of Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment.

The questionanaire is shown in Table 7.3-1. The participants list is shown in Table 7.3-2. The

distribution of questionnaire is shown in Table 7.3-3. The background of individual participant is

shown in Table 7.3-4. And the public consultation results are shown in Table 7.3-5.

Table 7.3-1 The Table of Public Participatory Survey for the WB Loaned Pilot Project of the Industrialized

119


Poverty Reduction Program in Poverty Stricken Area of Gansu

The general status of the proposed project： The proposed WB loaned Pilot Project of the

Industrialized Poverty Reduction Program in Poverty Stricken Area of Gansu, covers 241 villagers,

56 townships, 16 counties, 6 prefectures attached to the state designated Liupanshan Contiguous

Extreme Poverty Stricken Area in Gansu. The proposed project counties respectively include 16

counties of Longxi, Weiyuan, Tongwei, Minxian, Lintao, Anding, Huachi, Zhengning, Heshui,

Huanxian, Zhangjiachuan, Zhuanglang, Jingning, Yongjing, Dongxiang, Gulang etc. The total

project investment is 72million Yuan of RMB, which consists of 50% of the World Bank loan

(60million USD, converted into 360million Yuan in RMB) and 50% of the counterpart fund

(360million Yuan in RMB). All project counties would mainly focus on 4 project components

which respectively are the component of value chain development for the modernized industry, the

component of public infrastructure and service supporting, the component of industrialized poverty

reduction mechanism research and extension, the component of project management and M & E.

The proposed project activities mainly include: the establishment of 215 farmer’s cooperatives (17

newly established cooperatives and 42 re-established cooperatives) respectively specialized for the

cropping of Potato, Apple tree and animal breeding of Cattle, Sheep and Pigs etc in 241 project

villages and 16 project counties; to construct 100m2 of civil work for each new established

cooperative, and construct 29900m2 of animal shed, 6360m2 of beverage storage, 2590m2 of

epidemic disease prevention house, and 216 sets of relevant instruments; to feeding cattle 4884

heads, sheep 95730 heads, 2132 heads of ewes, pigs 4000 heads, grassland plantation 1967ha, the

construction of 50ha nursery for new variety apple seedling, old orchard replacement 2567 ha, the

construction of standardized orchard management 1600ha, seedling nursery of Dangsheng 120ha,

seedling nursery of Huangqi 120ha, the standardized cropping of Dangsheng 100ha, potato seeds

nursery 3345ha, the origin of potato seeds nursery 1030ha；72 sites of Chinese herb processing; 4

sites of potato storage, 12 sites of Chinese herb storage warehouse, 5 potato storage pits, 306 apple

storage pits, 1 air-conditioned fruit storage, 5 air-conditioned fresh meat storage warehouses; to

construct 1 trading market for potato, 6 trading markets for living livestock; to construct 64km of

concreted road, 170.91km pebbled road, 130ha terrace; to construct water-saving irrigation pipes

20km, 2030 cisterns of safe drinking water; to construct agro-products processing factory and

trading market, construction of 65km power line for the farmer’s cooperatives; to industrialized the

development of agriculture industries with perspective market, so as to generate its new economic

growth engineer and the incubation centers of the polar industries in the proposed 16 project

counties in 5 years; to conduct industrialized poverty reduction mechanism research and extension

project component which includes to explore the industrialized poverty reduction scheme mobilized

by the development of farmer’s cooperative in poor villages attached the state designated

Liupanshan Contiguous Extreme Poverty Stricken area so as to create a reliable canal for poor

households to increase stable income；and to explore the mechanism and path of the improvement

120


of farmer’s cooperative service and its mobilization of the financial service to the household ； to

explore the dynamic mechanism of the sustainable development for the farmer’s cooperatives and

the mechanism of profit allocation; to explore the feasible scheme of the establishment of the

trading market and extension of industry value chain as well as the evasion of market risks so as to

achieve the upgrading of industry development ； to identify the relevant duties and positioning respective for the incubation centers, farmer’s cooperatives, financial institute and famers etc.; to conduct training, capacity building, office equipment, project monitoring and evaluation etc. The implementation of the proposed project would greatly improve the living and production conditions for poor households in rural area, and promote the development of agriculture industry and the adjustment of the cropping pattern. It would generate a significant economic and poverty reduction effort after the implementation of the proposed project, and would strongly promote the development of the second and tertiary industries, newly increase a great amount of employment opportunities and would mobilize its regional development and 6.9million poor population getting rid of poverty.

Basic information of the individual interviewee

Basic information of the interviewee unit

Name: Age: Name of unit:

Gender: Occupation: Tel:Education Tel: Nature of

the unit:Administrative department:

Home address:

County township village

Address:

1、Do you know if your county (township, village) will implement the pilot project of industrialized poverty reduction demonstration project in Gansu？

□ Yes □ No □ don’t remember □ other2、If you know it, where do you get the information about the project？□ government dissemination □ TV, newspaper □ internet □ other3、What is your favorite way to get the information about the project？□ government dissemination □ TV, newspaper □ internet □ other4、Do you concern this project？□ very much concern □general concern □ don’t concern5、Based on your understanding, how do you think the environment impact might be generated by

the implementation of the project？□ serious □ large □ general □ small □ don’t know6、What do you think of the biggest environment impact which might be caused by the project？□ water environment □air environment □ecological environment □ noise □solid waste7、What do you think of the social and economic impact which might be generated by the project？

121


□ very positive □ general □ less impact □ negative impact8、What do you think of the impact which might cause to individual and household？□ very positive □ general □ less impact □ negative impact9、If your house needs to be demolished during project construction, would you support it or not？□ firmly support it □ support it with condition □ don’t care □ against it10、What is your attitude to the implementation of this proposed project？□firmly support it □ support it with condition □ don’t care □ against it11、What method do you wish participate to the environment protection action of the project？□ questionnaire □ interview □ consultation meeting □ other12、What is your suggestion to the environment protection of this proposed project？

Table7.3-2 The Detailed Statement of the Public Participation Respondent (Units)

No Unit name Telephone Nature Unit address

1Zhengjia village committee, Dashu township / / /

2 Dashu village committee 13519007660 other Dashu village

3

Nanyangwa village committee, Dashu township, Dongxiang county / / Nanyangwa third community

4Qilu village committee, Dashu township, Dongxiang county / / /

5

Dashu township people’s government, Dongxiang nationality autonomous county / / /

6Xiangquan township food and drug control station / / /

7 Xiangquan post office / / Xiangquan

8 Xinglong breeding factory 15193224949 /Nanchuan 7th community, Lujiagou township

9 Xiangquan office of justice / / Xiangquan

10 Eggs breeding factory 18693204955 /Nanchuan 2th community, Lujiagou township

11Taisheng waste agricultural film processing plant 13830297648 /

flood land in Nanchuan 6th committee, Lujiagou township

12Dingxi jiandong livestock breeding limited company 18093200577 /

Nanchuan village 2nd community Lujiagou township

13 Lujiagou people’s government 0932-8856223 /

14Yueyuan waste agriculture film processing plan 18993227766 /

Nanchuan 1st committee, Lujiagou township

15 Lujiawan township government 0934-4696100 AdministrationLujiagou township, Huan county

16Maojing township people’s government, Huan county / /

17Yanwu township people’s government 0934-4619406 /

Yeguojv village, Yanwu township

18Mubo township people’s government / /

19Quzi township people’s government 0934-4451214 Administration

Beijie 63, Quzi township, Huanxian county

20Xinmin village, Haizitan township 13519355474

Village community

Xinmin village, Haizitan township, Gulang county

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21Xiabing village, Haizitan township /

Village community

Second community, Xiabing village

22Haizitan township people’s government 0935-5524318 Administration

Tanjiajing street, Haizitan township

23 Longquan village community 15101376532 /

24 Shangtan village community 15095637244 / Shangtan village community

25 Zhitan village community / / /

26Dongxin village, Haizitan township 18809357667

Village community Dongxin village

27Zhitan township people’s government 5511003 / /

28 Heshui county coal bureau 0934-5522980 /Fukong east road 8#, Heshui county

29Heshui county agricultural and Animal Husbandry Bureau l 0934-5521762 /

Xihua north street 180#, Heshui county

30

Heshui county agricultural and Animal Husbandry Bureau Energy Office 0934-5521762 /

Xihua north street 180#, Heshui county

31 Hejiapan township government 0934-5551003 AdministrationHesui county hejiapan township government

32Banqiao township people’s government 0934-5556003 /

Heshui county banqiao township

33Huachi county bureau of animal husbandry and Vet 0934-5121764 Enterprise Huachi county huawu road 1#

34Huachi county environment protection bureau 0934-5124828 / Huachi county jiancai road

35Huachi county wujiao township people’s government 0934-5250093 Administration

Huachi county wujia township, wujiao middle street

36Huachi county yueyue township people’s government 13884114325 /

Huachi county yueyue township

37Huachi county baima township people’s government / / /

38 Jiashipu township government 2780216 / Jieshipu jianjiang village 208#

39Jingning county xixiang township people’s government 0933-2750216 Office

Jingning county xixiang township, xixiang village

40 Xixiang credit cooperative 15293325889 Xixiang township xixiang road

41Jingning county hongsi township people’s government 9332-730005 Office

Jingning county hongsi township, hongsi village

42Jingninggucheng township people’s government 0933-2430005 Enterprise Gucheng zouhe street 6#

43Lingtao county lianerwan township people’s government 0932-2561000 /

Lingtao county lianerwan township, lianerwan village

44

Lingtao county bureau of veterinarian and animal husbandry 2244108 /

Agricultural mansion third floor

45Lingtao county zhantan township people’s government 0932-2530000 /

Lingtao county zhantan tan township, shangtan community

46Lingtao county poverty relief and development office 9322243494 /

Lingtao county lingtao township agricultural mansion sixth floor

47Lingtao county manwa township people’s government 2551002 /

Lingtao county manwa townships manwa village

48 Longxi county party committee 0932-6600322 xianmen street 1#

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agricultural working division

49Longxi county kezhai township people’s government 0932-6670003 Office

Longxi county kezhai township, kezhai street 1#

50 Longxi county statistical bureau 0932-6622330 AdministrationLongxi county gongchang township xianmen 1#

51Longxi county women’s federation 0932-6622267 Administration

Longxi county gongchang township xianmen 1#

52Longxi county development and reform bureau 0932-6622177 /

Longxi county gongchang township xianmen 1#

53Shendu township people’s government 18793210054 Administration

Shendu townshipe shendu village

54Puma township animal husbandry and veterinary station / / /

55 Puma township financial station / / Puma township puma village

56Shendu township economy management station / Administration

Shendu township shendu village

57Shendu township animal husbandry and veterinary station 13919697859 Administration

Shendu township shendu village

58Puma township civil administration / / /

59Tonwei county people’s government office 0932-5552586 Administration

Gansu province tongwei county pingxiang town west street 64#

60 Development and reform bureau 5552723 AdministrationGansu province pingxiang township south street 64#

61 Tongwei county statistical bureau 0932-5525576 AdministrationGansu province pingxiang township south street 64#

62Tongwei county rural energy office 0932-5552575

Gansu province pingxiang township south street 64#

63 Auditing bureau 0932-5551810 AdministrationGansu province tongwei county south 22#

64Weiyuan county agriculture and economic station 0932-4134125 / Qingping station 118#

65Weiyuan county territorial resource bureau 0932-4132507 /

Qingyuan township shouyang road 97#

66Weiyuan county animal husbandry and veterinary center 0932-4132902 / Shouyang road 124#

67Weiyuan county housing and urban-rural construction bureau 0932-4132187 /

Weiyuan county shouyang road 111#

68Weiyuan county potatoes industrial office 0932-4134310 / Weiyuan town shangbei 209#

69Weiyuan county environment protection bureau 0932-4135070 /

Weiyuan county qingyuan township xingjie 36#

70 Weiyuan county civil bureau 4132279 /Weiyuan county qingyuan town xingjie 37#

71 Hongquan credit cooperative / /Hongquan township hongquan village

72 Hongquan health center 15209304521 /Hongquan township hongquan village

73 Hongquan local police station 13830105183 /Hongquan township hongquan village

74Yangta township center primary school / /

75Yangta township veterinary station / / Yangya township

124


76 Yangya township health center / /

77Zhangjiachuan county bureau of animal husbandry and veterinary 0938-7816826 /

Zhangjiachuan county jiefang east street 22#

78Zhangjiachuan county agriculture bureau 7816166 /

Zhangjiachuan county jiefang east street 22#

79Zhangjiachuan county environment protection bureau 7817522 /

Zhangjiachua county administration square waquan road

80Zhangjiachuan county malu township people’s government 7991013 /

Malu township people’s jinchuan village 27#

81Zhangjiachuan county Yanjia township people’s government 7931002 / Yanjia township yanjia village

82 Zhengning county forestry bureau 6121146 AdministrationZhengning county chengnan street 08#

83Zhengning county environment protection bureau 0934-6122379 Administration County business east side

84Zhengning county financial bureau 6121242 Administration

Zhengning county chengxi street 8#

85Zhengning county development and reforming bureau 0934-6121015 Administration

Zhengning county west street 12#

86Zhengning county poverty relief and development office 0934-6123905 Administration County west street 12#

87Zhuanglang county yangchuan middle school 0932-4134125 / Qingping station 118#

88Zhuanglangcounty yangchuan agriculture science station / /

Yangchuan township liuwan street

89Zhuanglang county yangchuan primary schoo / /


90 Yangchuan credit cooperative / /Yangchuan township liuwan street

91Yangchuan townwhip central health center / /


Table 7.3-3 The Allocation Table for the Public Participation Survey No Name of survey spot number occupy proportion1 Anding county lujiawan township 34 0.04072 Anding county xiangquan township 20 0.02403 Dongxiang county dashu township 40 0.04794 Dongxiang county xiashu township 13 0.01565 Gulang county haitanzi township 24 0.02876 Heshui county banqiao township 24 0.02877 Heshui county hejiapan township 25 0.02998 Huachi county baima township 20 0.02409 Huachi county wujiao township 36 0.043110 Huachi county yueyue township 6 0.007211 Huan county lujiawan township 10 0.012012 Huan county luwan township 10 0.012013 Huan county maojing township 28 0.033514 Jingning county gucheng township 10 0.012015 Jingning county honsi township 10 0.012016 Jingning county shipu township 9 0.0108

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17 Jingning county siqiao township 10 0.012018 Jingning county xixiang township 10 0.012019 Lingtao county lianerwan township 12 0.014420 Lingtao county longmen township 14 0.016821 Lingtao county manwa township 12 0.014422 Lingtao county zhantan township 11 0.013223 Longxi county kezhan township 49 0.058724 Ming county lujing township 17 0.020425 Ming county puma township 14 0.016826 Ming county shendu township 17 0.020427 Tongwei county pingxiang township 16 0.019228 Tongwei county pingrang township 38 0.045529 Tongwei county huichuan township 19 0.022830 Weiyuan county wuzhu township 31 0.037131 Yongjing county hongquan township 25 0.029932 Yongjing county yangta township 24 0.028733 Zhangjiachuan malu townhip 32 0.038334 Zhangjiachuan yanjia township 6 0.007235 Zhengning county yongzheng township 50 0.0599

36 Zhuanglang county yangchuan township wangyuan village 62 0.0743

37 Others 35 0.041938 Not quite clear 12 0.0144

Table 7.3-4 Basic Statistic Table for the Public Participation of Individual

Public participation respondent Number of people (people)

occupied proportion in participation number

of people

GenderMale 768 0.9198Female 49 0.0587Not quite clear 18 0.0216

Career

Village secretary、leaders 51 0.0611farmers 656 0.7856Others 10 0.0120Not quite clear 118 0.1413

Standard of culture

Illiteracy 18 0.0216Primary school 191 0.2287Junior school 405 0.4850

Senior school、technical secondary school

142 0.1701

Junior college 25 0.0299Undergraduate and above 2 0.0024Not quiet clear 52 0.0623

Age 21～30 61 0.0731

31～40 220 0.2635

41～50 330 0.3952

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51～60 149 0.1784Over 60 34 0.0407Not clear 41 0.0491

Table7.3-5 The Statistic Table of the Survey Result for the Public Consultation and Participation

Survey contents OptionsNumber of people

Occupied proportion

Unit numbers

Occupied proportion

1、Do you know if the demonstration project for industrial poverty alleviation program will be implemented in Gansu ?

Know 763 0.9138 89 0.98Do not know 31 0.0371 1 0.01

Have no idea 37 0.0443 1 0.01

Others 4 0.0048 0 0.00

2、If you know, where do you learn about the information of the project from?

Government publish 611 0.7317 72 0.79

Television and broadcasting、newspapers

158 0.1892 10 0.11

Internet 24 0.0287 4 0.04Others 69 0.0826 5 0.05

3、What is your best way to know the information?

Government publish 460 0.5509 51 0.56

Television and broad casting、newspaper

308 0.3689 26 0.29

Internet 71 0.0850 13 0.14Other 76 0.0910 3 0.03

4、Do you concern about this project?

Very concern 666 0.7976 84 0.92Normal 152 0.1820 7 0.08Do not care 17 0.0204 0 0.00

5、According to you have learned, to what extent you think this project shall impact environment？

Serious 16 0.0192 0 0.00Larger 45 0.0539 2 0.02Normal 182 0.2180 16 0.18Less 540 0.6467 72 0.79Have no idea 53 0.0635 1 0.01

6、What do you think which is the largest impact on environment in this project?

Water environment 115 0.1377 13 0.14

Air environment 50 0.0599 9 0.10Ecological Environment 457 0.5473 41 0.45

Noise 71 0.0850 3 0.03Solid waste 156 0.1868 25 0.27

7、What do you think this project shall affect to local economic development？

Positive impact 702 0.8407 84 0.92Normal 86 0.1030 5 0.05Less impact 43 0.0515 2 0.02less Harmful effect 4 0.0048 0 0.00

Positive impact 665 0.7964 76 0.84

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8、What do you think this project shall affect to individuals and family living?

Normal 93 0.1114 7 0.08less Harmful effect 74 0.0886 8 0.09

Harmful effect 4 0.0048 0 0.00

9、If this project need your demolition in construction process, do you agree?

Firmly support 477 0.5713 50 0.55Conditional agree 316 0.3784 40 0.44

Have no idea 33 0.0395 1 0.01Against 9 0.0108 0 0.00

10、What is your attitude to this project?

Firmly support 603 0.7222 74 0.81Conditional agree 200 0.2395 17 0.19

Have no idea 30 0.0359 0 0.00Against 2 0.0024 0 0.00

11、Which approach you would wish to take part in the ecological environment protection for this proposed demonstration project?

Questionnaire 249 0.2982 33 0.36Interview 177 0.2120 16 0.18consultation meeting 334 0.4000 28 0.31

Others 81 0.0970 15 0.16

The public consultation results are shown as follows:

（1）91.4% of individual participants knew the project, 3.7% of individual participants did not

know this project, and 4.4% of individual participants did not remember this project; 98% of

institution participants knew this project, 1% of institution participants did not know this project,

1% of institution participants did not remember this project. As the results, the majority of local

people and institutions are well of this project.

（2）73.2% of individual participants got the information from government source, 19% of

individual participants got the information from TV or broadcast programs, 3% of individual

participants got the information from the internet; and 79% of institution participants got the

information from government source, 11% of institution participants got the information from TV

or broadcast programs, 4% of institution participants got the information from the internet. As the

results, the project information had been released from various sources.

（3）55% of individual participants preferred to be informed by government source, 37% of

individual participants preferred to be informed by TV or broadcast programs, 8.5% of individual

participants preferred to be informed through the internet. And 56% of institution participants

preferred to be informed by government source, 29% of institution participants preferred to be

informed by TV or broadcast programs, 14% of institution participants preferred to be informed

througn the internet. As the results, the majority of individuals and institutions preferred to get the

project information from government source.

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（ 4 ） 79.7% of individual participants showed great concerns about the project, 18.2% of

individual participants showed average concerns about the project, and 2% of individual participants

showed no concern about the project; And 92% of institution participants showed great concerns

about the project and 8% of individual participants showed average concerns about the project. As

the results, both individual and institution participant are cared about this project.

（5）1.92% of individual participants believed that project implementation may have serious

environment impacts, 5.4% of individual participants believed that project implementation may

have great environment impacts, 21.8% of individual participants believed that project

implementation may have average environment impacts; and 64.8% of individual participants

believed that project implementation may have little environment impacts. And 2% of institution

participants believed that project implementation may have great environment impacts, 18% of

institution participants believed that project implementation may have average environment

impacts; and 80% of individual participants believed that project implementation may have little

environment impacts. As the results, most people and institutions believed that project

implementation may have little environment impacts.

（6）13.77% of individual participants believed that the project may have great impacts upon

water environment, 6% of individual participants believed that the project may have great impacts

upon the atmospheric environment, 54.7% of individual participants believed that the project may

have great impacts upon the ecological environment, and 8.5% of individual participants believed

that the project may have great noise impacts. And 14% of institution participants believed that the

project may have great impacts upon water environment, 10% of institution participants believed

that the project may have great impacts upon the atmospheric environment, 45% of institution

participants believed that the project may have great impacts upon the ecological environment,

and 3% of institution participants believed that the project may have great noise impacts. As the

results, the majority of people and institutions believed that the project may have great impacts

upon the ecological environment.

（ 7 ） 84% of individual participants believed that the project may have great benefit for

economic development, 10.3% of individual participants believed that the project may have

average benefit for local economy, 5.15% of individual participants believed that the project may

have little benefit for local economy, and 0.5% of individual participants believed that the project

may have adverse effect on local economy. And 92% of institution participants believed that the

project may have great benefit for economic development, 5% of institution participants believed

that the project may have average benefit for local economy, 2% of institution participants believed

129


that the project may have little benefit for local economy, and 1% of institution participants

believed that the project may have adverse effect on local economy. As the results, the majority of

people and institutions believed that the project may have great benefit for local economy.

（8）79.6% of individual participants believed that the project may have favorable impacts on

individuals and families, 11.1% of individual participants believed that the project may have

average impacts, 8.9% of individual participants believed that the project may have little

impacts, and 0.5% of individual participants believed that the project may have negative impacts.

And 84% of institution participants believed that the project may have favorable impacts on

individuals and families, 8% of institution participants believed that the project may have

average impacts, and 8% of institution participants believed that the project may have little

impacts. As the results, the majority of people and institutions believed that the project would

have favorable impacts on individuals and families.

（9）57% of individual participants were supportive to land requisition, 37.8% of individual

participants were supportive to conditional land requisition, 4% of individual participants were

indifferent to land requisition, and 1% of individual participants were against land requisition.

And 55% of institution participants were supportive to land requisition, 44% of institution

participants were supportive to conditional land requisition, and 1% of institution participants

were indifferent to land requisition. As the results, the majority of people and institutions were

supportive to land requisition.

（ 10 ） 72.2% of individual participants were supportive to the project, 24% of individual

participants were conditionally supportive, 4% of individual participants were indifferent to the

project, and 0.2% of individual participants were against the project. And 81% of institution

participants were supportive to the project, and 19% of institution participants were conditionally

supportive. As the results, the majority of people and institutions were supportive to the project.

（11）30% of individual participants wanted to participate in environment protection through

answering the questionnaires, 21% of individual participants wanted to participate in the

environment protection through household visits, 40% of individual participants wanted to

participate in the environment protection through consultation meetings, and 9% of individual

participants wanted to participate in the environemtn protection through other channels. And 36% of

institution participants wanted to participate in environment protection through answering the

questionnaires, 18% of institution participants wanted to participate in the environment protection

through institution visits, 31% of institution participants wanted to participate in the environment

protection through consultation meetings, and 16% of institution participants wanted to participate in

130


the environemtn protection through other channels.

7.3.3 Responses on Public Consultation CommentsIn order to reduce public concerns on environment impacts, the project executive agency

responses as follows:

（1）Environment protection will be the top priority in project planning and design. It is to

mitigate and avoid the negative impacts upon the environment, to build the project as the

environment-friendly image, and to develop the project in a sustainable way.

（ 2 ） It is to strengthen the publicity of environment prevention and control measures, to

communicate actively with neighboring residents, and to reduce their concerns and win their

supports.

（ 3 ） It is to strengthen environment management and monitoring, improve the capacity of

emergency managment, and guarantee the smooth implementation. And it is to include the

recommendations of local residents into project planning and design to minimize the negative

impacts. Besides those, it is to incorporate public consultation throughout project constructions and

increase the environment protection awareness of local enterprises and residents through regular

visits and publicity activities.

Public consultation shows that the public is very active in participation. It means that the

environment protection awareness of the public is improving with social progress. The majority of

participants is supportive to the project and expresses great concerns on local environment and the

impacts. And the participants hope to protect environment during project implementation and

mitigating the negative impacts at lowest level.

The public consultation shows that there is no objection to the project. Because the project is

located in the neighborhood of commercial areas and close to residential buildings, parks and

commercial centers, the consultation results are reasonable. The construction agencies must adopt

various environment protection measures, to improve the treatment of wastes and to forbide secret

discharges. And the construction agencies need to strengthen the publicity of environment protection

measures adopted during constructions, seek public comments and to get public supports.

7.3.4 Volunteer Inspection RegulationIn accordance with the Notice on the Interim of Public Participation in Environmental Impact

Assessment, each county should select one volunteer inspector to supervise the pollution control

during project construction and operation periods. And 16 people were selected as the volunteer

inspectors during public consultation.

131


Table 7.3-6 List of Volunteer Inspector

NameGende

rAge Occupation Contact Address

Ma Weiliang Male 49 Farmer 18219805718 Dashu village, Dashu Township of Dongxiang

CountyDing Xiaopeng Male 41 Farmer

15101819414Ziyun village, Lu Jiawan Town of An’ding District

Shi Zhiqi Male 38 Village officer

15393429686

Miao Erzhang village,Lu Jiawan Township of

Huanxian CountyZhang Yisheng Male 52 Farmer

13893544033

Dongxing village, Hai Zitan Town of Gulang

CountyYang

ZhongyongMale 29 Farmer

13993441370

Tianyao village, Banqiao Township of Heshui

CountyDu Hongguang Male 45 Farmer

15101863483

Ji Zhaizi village, Baima Township of Huachi

CountyMa Bupeng Male 56 Farmer

15209331644

Shangma village, Siqiao Township of Jinning

CountyZhang Guiping Male 36 Village

secretary13993200506

Po Jitai village, Manwa Township of Lintao

CountyLi Tianci Male 34 Farmer

18293083005

Kezhai village, Kezhai Township of Longxi

CountyChen Xingping Male 36 Farmer

13809321072

Yongjing village, Shendu Township of Minxian

CountyYao Honggang Male 43 Farmer

15593260711

Shuangbao village, Pingxiang Town of Tongwei County

Yue Jiwen Male 44 Farmer

18719689163

Shi Tougou village, Wuzhu Township of

Weiyuan CountySong Wenju Female 43 Farmer

15293906347

Song Shuwan village, Yangta Township of

Yongjing CountyLi Youxue Male 53 Farmer

15293872014

No.6 group, Dayang village, Yanjia Township of Zhang Jiachuan County

Li Licheng Male 43 Farmer

13830420441

Dong Longtou village, Yongzheng Township of

Zhengning CountyChen Faxi Male 35 Farmer 13993334231 Xiwan village, Yangchuan

132


Township of Zhuanglang County

7.3.5 Public Consultation ConclusionThe public is actively participated in the consultation. It shows that the awareness on

environment protection is improved. The majority of participants is supportive to the project. And

they also express their concerns about local environment and the potential impacts. As the results,

local environment protection institutions and the construction agencies are required to carefully

adopt the environment protection measures, to incorporate public comments and recommendations,

and to promote harmonious economic and social development.

133


8. Environment Management and Monitoring

Plan（EMP）During the period of project implementation and operation for the proposed project, it might

cause certain of impacts to its surrounding area and local environment. It must take a set of

pragmatic measurements to prevent, eradicate, mitigate or compensate the negative impacts. Thus, in

order to ensure the effectiveness of the project, and achieve the synchronous efforts environmentally,

socially and economically for the proposed project, it should enhance environment management and

environment monitoring, so as to promote the construction of this proposed project could conform to

the principle of the national economic construction and environment construction for the country in

the form of synchronously planning, development and implementation.

This EMP report includes 4 sections, including the duty of environment management and

institute arrange, environment impact mitigation measurements and action plan, environment

monitoring plan, and the training plan n environment protection.

8.1 Institute and Duty for the Environment Management

Because there is significant difference on the environment management content respectively in

project preparation period and operation period, with the management period of temporary and long

term. Therefore, regarding the different requirements of environment management in different

phases, the contractor and operator have respectively set institutes which will be responsible for the

environment management in different phases. After the completion of project, the responsible

institute will withdrawn, and the new institute will come into operation. Based on the actual status, it

allows have overlapping for a certain period. Chart 8.1-1 shows the structure of institute.

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Provincial Project Leading group

Prefecture Project Leading group

Provincial PMO

Township PMO

Prefecture PMO

County incubation center

County PMO

County Project Leading group

Contracted consultant


Chart 8.1-1 Institute Structure for Project Management

Table 8.1-1 The Overall Table of the Institutional Mechanism for Environment Management

Phase Responsible parties Duty of Environment ManagementCivil works

Proj

ect p

repa

ratio

n ph

ase

Project owners or PMO

1．Be responsible for the project design, supervision, implementation and procurement of equipment and material.2．Be responsible for the bidding and approval procedures of EA.

Designing institute, EA institute

Designing institute is responsible for the project survey; EA institute is responsible for the preparation of EA report.

Environment Protection Bureau

Be responsible for checking the availability of pollution controlling equipment, and check if the design could meet the standard, and be responsible for the environment monitoring, statistic and information dissemination.

County Construction Bureau, Water

Bureau, Transportation Bureau

To supervise the rational of the engineering design, the procedures of project bidding, review, supervision, quality and safety control etc.

Proj

ect I

mpl

emen

tatio

n ph

ase Project owners or

PMO

1 ． To supervise the implementation of EMP in project implementation period；2．To conduct training and propaganda on the mitigation measures of EMP in project implementation period.

County Construction Bureau, Water

Bureau, Transportation Bureau

To supervise the implementation of all management measures, safety etc during project implementation.

Contractor, implementation

company

Concretely implement the measures required in EMP in project implementation period.

household/village To supervise the implementation of project, by coordinating with village committee to protect the legal rights and benefits of local villagers.

Proj

ect O

pera

tion

perio

d Project owner and operation unit

1． Concretely implement the measures in EMP in project implementation period；

2． To conduct environment protection, project progressing, quality and safety control etc in project operation period.

3． Be responsible for the environment monitoring.4． Be responsible for the reporting periodically to high level PMO and the

WB Household,

cooperative, village collectives

1．Concretely implement the measures in EMP in project operation period；2．Project supervision：Protecting environment, reducing consumption of material.

Environment Protection Bureau

Water Bureau:：Be responsible for organizing, coordinating, supervising, monitoring and instructing the implementation of project. Environment Protection Bureau: be responsible for the supervision.

135

Farmers’ cooperativeVillage committee


County Road Bureau, Water Bureau,

Transportation BureauInstruction and supervision

Agriculture project activities

Forbidden to use the pesticides, chemical fertilizer etc under the standard of safety, and to properly settle the disposal.

Proj

ect P

repa

ratio

n Pe

riod

PMO Be responsible for the approval of proposed project, conducting training and mobilizing local farmers etc

County Agriculture and Animal

Husbandry Bureau, and attached Botanic Protection Stations

Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau: to introduce the rational adjustment of cropping pattern, and reasonable reallocation of agriculture resources.Botanic protection station: Be responsible for preparing fertilizer composition based on soil test, the monitoring of pests and epidemic diseases and insect pests, so as to provide the dynamic information of local insect and, timely release the situation of diseases and pests.

Vet Service Station To conduct technical propaganda and training.

Household Apply to join the cooperative, recommended by the management staff from the cooperatives, to participate in the construction of project.

Farmer’s cooperativeTo apply project, review the establishment of the Cooperative and working group，and design the sewage discharging facilities for the Cooperative.

Village collectives Farmers for mobilization.

EA institute To conduct scientific analysis of the environment impact by the implementation of project.

Proj

ect I

mpl

emen

tatio

n pe

riod

PMO

1． Periodically check the implementation of EMP and PMP; 2． Conduct relevant training on EMP and PMP.3． Be responsible for organizing environment monitoring;4. Be responsible for periodically reporting the progress to high level PMO and the WB.

County Agriculture and Animal

Husbandry Bureau, and attached Botanic Protection Stations

Botanic Protection Station: To instruct local farmer the prevention technology on controlling pests, diseases, and provide instruction on the application of chemical fertilizer with low residuum and manure to conduct harmless cropping.Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau: To organize agriculture production, introduction the experiment, demonstration and extension of seedlings, fertilizer, vet drugs etc, as well as the quality control and supervision for the agriculture production material.

Vet Service Station

To conduct all kinds of service for the industry production of animal husbandry in all process of before, during and after production, and to instruct local technicians to perform demonstration to local villagers and households who are engaged in intensive production.

HouseholdRefuse to use the illegal pesticides, chemicals etc in cropping activities, and to properly dispose the living garbage, and actively participate in the implementation of project.

Farmer’s cooperative To participate the implementation, management of project, and periodically supervise the key production process which might cause environment impact.

Village collectives/processing

company

Based on the requirement of environment protection, the project will be implemented in according to the relevant requirement for enterprise on the standard of discharging sewage, and conduct comprehensive treatment by introduce new technology, new species, the technical training and cooperation, consultation service etc.

County Environment Protection Bureau

To conduct monitoring and supervision of environment, and organize and instruct project counties or townships to disseminate knowledge on environment protection, environment science and relevant law etc.

136


County Forest Bureau To extend the technical instruction on the standardized orchard construction, harmless agriculture production techniques etc.

8.2 Mitigation Measures

In order to minimize or mitigate the potential environment impact which might be caused by the

project construction and operation, so as to ensure the achievement of the proposed ecological and

environment effort objectives for the project, it has suggested the following environment impact

mitigation measurements and environment protection code.

During the preparation of this environment protection code for the proposed project, it has

borrowed the experiences learned from the similar project which has been completed in China, and

fully followed the requirements from the relevant national or provincial laws, regulations,

specifications or code etc, in addition to refer the guilds of the General Safeguard of Environment,

Health issued by the World Bank, and the Safeguard of Environment and Health for the Mammals

Livestock Feeding, Safeguard of Environment and Health for the Therphyte Agro-products, and the

Safeguard of Health and Environment for the Processing of Food and Beverage.

Based on the project categories of infrastructure, cropping, livestock breeding, Chinese

medicine herb processing etc, it has respectively suggested a set of mitigation measures in this EIA

report. The concrete mitigation measures are listed in the Table 8.3-1~ Table8.3-4.

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8.2.1 The mitigation measures of environment impact for the construction of infrastructure project

The infrastructure project activities include the construction of road, water irrigation facility, trading market and animal shed, which have great similarity of EI during project construction, with the similar mitigation measures. Thus, it gives a unified explanation of their common EI and the general mitigation measures in follow table.

The EI and mitigation measures for the infrastructure project during project construction are as same as that in Sichuan. For the convenience of project implementation in Gansu, it has been reserved. The concrete measures are shown as Table8.2-1

Table 8.2-1 The Mitigation Measures of EI during the Implementation of Infrastructure Project

Phas

es Main negative impact Mitigation measures

Cost estima

tion 0000’yuan

Executors Supervisors

138


Water and soil loss, ecological

destroy

1、Arranging construction period reasonable, trying to avoid making earth excavation and backfilling in large scale in heavy raining seasons as far as possible. To construction the project activities in a rational order, which is to timely reuse the excavated earth and stones in order to reduce the time of the temporary exposure of earth and stones. 2、During project construction, it should press the refilled earth before raining, and reduce the accumulation of loosen earth by transforming the earth, pressing the earth and covering the earth as soon as possible.3. In accordance with the geological condition of project construction site, it needs to dig earth-based rain discharge ditch surround the site, and set the earth-based sands sediment pond at the outlet of ditch, to reduce the flowing speed of the gathered water and for sediment in the sand sediment pond.4. To rational plan the yard for heaping up and disposal of the wasted solids. The construction unit would refill the excavated earth so as to avoid the serious water and soil erosion. The earth which needs to be transported outside should be disposed at a designated site in order to avoid the second contamination.5. By the integration of the key treatment of water and soil erosion and the general water conservation, to combine the engineering measures and biological measures. It should prioritize the implementation of engineering measures so as to exert the efficiency and protection role of the engineering measures. By taking the biological measures as the assist measures for the protection of water and soil erosion, it would exert its role of sustaining water and soil erosion in a long term. Meanwhile, it would green and beautify the surrounding environment of the project area.

8 Construc-tion unit

County Planning & Construction Bureau

County Water Resource Bureau, Township Environment & Sanitation Comprehensive Administrative DepartmentCounty Environmental Protection Bureau

139


The pollution of dust and

exhausted fuel emission in the

air of the project

construction site

1、It will set fence in the distance over 2.0m away from the border of the environmental protected object during project construction. The distance of fencing also could be increased based on the distance between the construction site and the environmentally protected object.

2、If the construction material is powdery and easily floating, like sands, earth or the wastes, it should be sealed for transformation. If these material would be stored in the construction site, they should by covered by dust proofing clothe or nets, in addition to periodically spray dust inhibitors to prevent the occurrence of wind erosion.

3、The temporary road constructed for entering or exiting project construction site should be concreted based on actual demand, or periodically spray dust inhibitors to sustain a lower dust on the surface of the road.

4、Regarding the bare land at the construction site, it should take one of the following

measures to prevent the dust: covered by dust proofing cloth or nets；paved by Steel plate, Concrete, Asphalt concrete, fine stones or other similar material；greening；pressing the

ground surface and spraying water；periodical spray dust inhibitors.

5、It should set the vehicle washing platform at the inner of the entrance and exit for the heavy loading and transportation vehicles transforming construction material and excavated earth. The setting of such facilities should meet the following requirements：it should set the overflow proofing seat around the vehicle washing platform to avoid the washed waste water overflowing out of the construction site；it should set the washed water collection pond and the sediment pond. Before the vehicle drives away from the construction site, the wheels and body of vehicle should be washed at the washing platform to clean the attached sludge. Vehicles loading construction material and wastes of earth, whose height of the loaded vehicle should not be beyond the upper edges of the ledge, and the hopper should be covered by clothe or to be sealed.

6. During the construction period, the construction unit should take the responsibility to clean and wash the roads surrounding the construction site.

7. During the construction period, it should timely refill the excavated earth and restore the function of vegetation, as the progressing of project construction, so as to reduce scenario of baring ground and the heaping up of temporary excavated earth.

8、It should stop the earth excavation at the scenario of the windy weather in grade 4 wind.




140


Water and soil erosion caused

by the solid waste, dust population,

contamination of ground water, the

destroying of ground

vegetation

Earthwork：1、At the beginning of project implementation, it should excavate the ground at

construction site. It should fully make use of the topography advantage and avoid the heavy excavation and deep refilling of earthwork.

2、The excavated earth could be used for land preparation for the cropping activities in the late project implementation, the excavated stone and sands could be used as the base stones for the construction of irrigation canals and ditches. These excavated earth and stones should not be disposed freely to the farmland or irrigation canals, which would impact the ordinary operation of irrigation canals and agriculture production.

3、It should rational arrange the temporary heaping of the earth and stones, and try to be far away from the environmental sensitive site (household) in the surrounding (especially the lower wind direction) area. In addition, it should take pressing, rolling compaction, covering by clothe, and set earth break wall and discharge facilities etc, so as to minimize the dusting and water and soil erosion caused by the heaping of excavated earth and stones.

4、It should set earth-based water discharge ditch at the surrounding area for temporary heaping up the waste earth. Besides, it would set earth-based sediment pond at the outlet of discharging ditches, so as to reduce the flowing speed for the collected water in the sediment pond for the sediment of sands in the water.

Solid waste created in project construction：1、It would comprehensively classify and recollect the recycled usable wastes (waste steel,

waste iron, material and bags etc would be sold to the waste collection station, and the waste bricks would be reused as the base material for the road construction);

2、Those waste which could not be recollected, should be timely cleaned and transformed to the designated site for heaping up construction waste. During the transformation, it should be sealed in order to avoid scattered during transportation；

3、For the temporary storing of the waster, it should take the prevention measures for the protection of rain and wind etc.

Living garbage collected by the project implementation staff：After bagging the collected living solid garbage, it should timely transform the garbage to

the temporary heaping site located in the townships and villages. Based on the punishment to the transportation and civil work conducted by the transportation administrative sector, it is forbidden to bury the living garbages.




141


Ground water environment

contamination

1、It should not install the living facilities for the staff during project implementation. The living waste water produced by a few of project constructors, should be collected in the dry toilet, and would be treated as fertilizer after the completion of the project；

2、Regarding the waste water accumulated in the construction base hole, it would be

pumped to the ground and flow into the sediment pond for the sediment treatment；3、In order to prevent the impact to the surrounding ground water environment caused by

the waste water produced by the project construction, it should respectively construct the sediment ponds for the waste water produced in project construction in the sewage treatment plant and the construction site for the excavation of pipes. The waste water produced in project construction should be treated by the sediment pond for recycling usage to ensure the waster construction water should not be discharged outside；




Underground water

contamination and the water

table depression

1. To enhance the observation to the fall of ground and buildings in surrounding area. Once it would be noticed, it should immediately stop the pumping of underground water and the construction;

2. During the project construction, it should keep the cleaning of the construction site so as to avoid the sewage and contaminant flowing into the excavated ditch leading the sewage infiltration;

3. If the fuel needs to be restored in the construction site, it must take infiltration proofing treatment to the warehouse and take the relevant measures in its storage and usage, in order to prevent the occurrence of oil leaking, dripping etc to contaminate water resource.

4. It needs to take prevention measures to the place where the living garbage restored, to avoid the leaking of sewage from the garbage to contaminate underground water.

5. During the construction of the base in project site, it should nearly conduct the construction work in the non-flooding period as far as possible, which would reduce the impact to the project construction caused by the depth of underground water table.

10

Construc-tion unit



142


Impact of noise contamination

1. It should rationally arrange the construction time. During the night hours, it should avoid the construction or only conduct the construction work with lower noise. It should stop the operation of the construction machine with strong noise (such as pile driver) at night (22 00∶ －6 00). Regarding some noise sensitive site near roads, it should not implement any construction ∶work or arrange the operation work with lower noise as far as possible. Meanwhile, By taking the measures reducing the construction noise, it could greatly minimize the noise impact to the residents；If the continuous construction work especially is needed, it should be approved in advance by the relevant administrative department and coordinate with local residents.

2. Regarding the noise sensitive sites near project construction area, it should take mitigation measures by setting walls around the site to reduce the noise. Regarding the noise sensitive sites like school, clinics etc, beside the setting of noise prevention wall, it should arrange the schedule of construction work with stronger noise at holiday or weekend as far as possible;

3. By optimizing construction plan and reasonably arranging construction scheme, it could minimize the harmfulness of construction environmental noise. During the bidding of construction project, it should integrate the measures of minimizing environment noise into the content of institutional design for the construction work, and clearly to be identified in the contract.

4. It would rationally design the transportation routine and scheme, the operation of construction facilities with high noise would be set beyond the distance of over 200m away from the residential area; at the noise inevitable sites, it should take the mitigation measures to reduce or isolate the noise, in addition to periodically maintain the condition of the construction machines, and strictly following the operational procedures;

5. During the construction period, it should coordinate the scheme of construction vehicle transportation. Under the existing heavy traffic condition, it should enhance the coordination among the owner of project, construction unit and traffic administrative department, to avoid the possible traffic jam. During the transportation at night, it should take the measures of reducing speeding and forbidding hocking etc; the routine of transforming construction material should avoid passing townships and villages as far as possible, so as to minimize the noise impact caused by project construction.

6. Based on the criteria of labor hygiene standards, in order to protect the health condition of construction workers, the construction unit should rationally arrange the shifts of workers to alternatively operate road construction machines, or inter-cross the arrangement of work with lower noise and high noise in order to sustain a proper interval for the recovering of hearing for the workers. Meanwhile, it should mind the protection of machines by the reasonable operation,




143


Social impact

Traffic impact：1、The vehicles frequently driven in or out should follow the designed routine. Vehicles

should be washed before driving into the roads of townships, and should be sealed during transportation if the loaded construction materials are scattered and spilling, so as to effectively prevent the pollution of dusting.

2. Strictly forbidding the over loading or driving with unwashed mud for the vehicles, in order to prevent the contamination of roads and reduce the second dusting pollution to air environment.

3. At the site of road with single driving path and the place near the entrance or exit of the construction yard, it should designate a person to instruct the traffic, so as to avoid the traffic jam which might be caused. Especially, at the narrow site of road, and without setting f relevant traffic signs, it should set alarming signs for safe driving at the turning site of road, the lower slope of road while arranging the traffic inspectors to instruct or commend the traffic for safety driving.

4. Before construction, it should disseminate relevant information on the construction of project at the public mass medias, to inform publics in advance about the possible traffic jam which might be caused by construction, and provide relevant traffic suggestion etc (such as )（timed releasing etc）.

5. The traffic alarming signs such as “constructing in front”, “slow down”, “turning around ahead” etc. should be set by project construction unit, in order to remind drivers for their convenient traffic.

6. For the convenience of driving of drivers at night, and reducing the incidence of traffic accidents, it should set alarming lighters at the road section under construction, to guide the traffic of vehicles.

Landscape impact：1.After the completion of project construction, it should finish the counterpart project

construction, such as cleaning of site, greening and recovering of roads etc. to harmonized its environment.

Land occupation impact：1. Regarding the project which needs land occupation, it should conduct recovered plough

after the completion of project, in order to reduce the land occupation；2. To truly carry out the policies of land acquisition and compensation, ensuring the level of

livelihood for the affected farmers should not fell to the level before land acquisition.Culture relics impact：

4Construc-

tion unit

Traffic administrative bureau, culture relics protection bureau, urban administrative bureau, township environmental comprehensive administrative department, health bureau.

144


Vegetation destroying and

ecologic impact

Agriculture resources protection measures:1. To reasonably planning the earth excavation and the transportation vertically, so as to

reduce the temporary land occupation;2. To enhance the education on the awareness of environment protection to the construction

workers, abuse logging is not allowed, and the disposal of the wasted solid garbage should follow the designed requirement;

3. Regarding the occupied arable land, after the completion of project construction, it should timely conduct re-farming the temporary occupied land and the waste occupied land in order to reduce the occupation of arable land. Meanwhile, it should truly carry out the land acquisition and compensation policies, enabling the level of livelihood for the affected farmers should not fell to the level before land acquisition, with the implementation of cropping patter adjustment.

4. Project construction unit should strictly control the site of occupied land for temporary usage during construction, and to balance the concerning of the outlay of the accessible road for construction, material storage yard and precast yard based on the project construction progress. It should try to make full use of road construction area or bared slopes, or the abandoned land, rather than to occupy arable land. During project construction, it should take effective measures to prevent farmland contamination. After the completion of project construction, it temporarily occupied land should be recovered based on the items in the contract.

The protection measures for the terrestrial plants：1、For the outlay of construction arrange, the selection of the sites for the construction of

living facilities, construction site and any other processing factories etc, it should avoid the forest area or basic arable land area which have high production productivities, and the routine of easy accessible road for construction and permanent road construction should not pass the forests in a large area;

2、During the construction conducted at the road section of forestland and arable land, the construction activities should be conducted only within the land scope by acquisition. It should minimize the occupation area for the construction of easy accessible road and temporarily occupied land, and reduce the occupation of forestland and arable land. The temporarily occupied land for construction should prior select bare pasture land.

3、The measure of vegetation recovery is the main measure protection vegetation. It should conduct vegetation recovery based on its local climate characteristics. Regarding the vegetation recovery measures, it should focus on: reserving the curing soil of the permanently occupied forestland and the temporarily occupied land, so as to provide a better quality of soil for the

10

Construc-tion unit

Forestry administrative department, county environment protection bureau, township environment comprehensive administrative department,

145


recovery of vegetation；collecting and reserving the surfacing soil of the permanently occupied forestland during construction, to be used in the plantation of trees at the site with poor soil fertility; and reserving the curing soil of the temporarily occupied land before construction, to be used for the recovering, loosening and cleaning after construction, in the re-plantation or greening after recovering by the suitable plants.

4. Ecological environmental monitoring or investigation should be conducted during project construction period and operation period. During construction period, it mainly focuses on the monitoring of the construction site in forestland or fire alarming monitoring. In addition, project construction unit should enhance the inventory to the key protected plants or ancient tree species in the construction area. During the construction period, if any key protected objectives would be discovered, it should timely report to the administrative department to take relevant protection measures.

5. During construction period, it would strictly take management measures to control the possible fire during construction, and enhance the management to the construction workers. During the fire alarming period, firing outdoors would be strictly forbidden.

The protection measures for the terrestrial animals：1、Enhance the awareness of animal protection for the construction workers, and the wild

animal hunting is strictly forbidden;2. Properly prepare construction method and scheme, so as to reduce the construction noise

disturbing wild animals and avoid the construction in the early morning or noon；3、Enhance the treatment to the solid, liquid and gas wastes during project construction

period, to maximize the protection of animal habitat；4、Enhance the recovery of ecological environment after the completion of project, so as to

reduce the negative impact caused by the construction by the destroying of vegetation and soil and water erosion, water quality and aquatic organisms.

The protection measures for the aquatic organisms：1、Try to avoid the construction in the water. When it is inevitable, the construction of

bridge pier in the rivers should try to avoid the breeding seasons of fishes from March to July;2、The heaping up of construction material also should avoid water source or other water

area, and select the heaping place where is difficult in flooding during rainstorm. If some construction material have to be heaped near bridge, it should dig ground ditch around the material piling yard and set protection walls etc, in case of the runoff of rainstorm flowing into

146


the river, which might impact water quality. All materials should be attached with the facilities proofing rains or water etc.

3. To prepare the ecologic recovery after project construction, and reduce the destroying of plants as far as possible, so as to minimize the impact to the aquatic organism caused by water and soil erosion；

4、To reasonably organize construction procedures and the selection of construction machines, and enhance the education and propaganda to the construction workers on the necessary ecological protection knowledge；

6、To regular the treatment measures for the waste water and sewage produced during project construction. It is not allowed to directly discharge the waste water into the rivers nearby without treatment.

The protection measures for the landscape environment：1、Based on the characteristic of project construction, regarding the natural condition of the

side slope, steepness, local climate and terrain, it should select the rough grass and bush plants where have strong adaptive capacity to its local condition for the recovery of vegetation excavated along the slopes, and reduce the maintenance after the completion of construction;

2. It could take the art designing to the fixture along the side slope, such as the construction of lattic beam, anti-slide pile etc, enabling them to be functional in the fixation of water and soil erosion, in additional the beautifying sculpt along the side slope;

3. Regarding the side slope along the key road section, if it is especially needs to set retaining wall or high facing wall , the floating sculpture could be designed on the wall, to centralized demonstrate local culture and history.

8.2.2 Measures of the mitigation of EI for road construction project

Besides the general mitigation measures listed in Table 8.2-1, the special mitigation measures of EM for road construction project in Gansu project area are shown in the following Table 8.2.2.

Table 8.2-2 The Mitigation Measures of EI during the Implementation of Road Construction Project

147


Phas

es Main negative impact Mitigation measures

Cost estimation 0000’yuan


Project design phase

The types of land occupation and its impact to the surrounding area

The selection of road routine:1.Since the proposed road construction project is to concrete and sands-pave the original road

sections, without any construction of new road, there is not any issue concerning the selection of road routine.The site selection of waste yard：

1、The proposed project area is located in rural area, which mostly is blocked by natural galley. Concerning the site selection of the waste yard, it should be set near the area crossing the river as so to avoid the transportation of wastes across river；

2、In order to reduce the land occupation for the construction of temporary road, the difference of the height of waste heaping and the height of roadbed for each road sections should not be too large；

3. It should select the plat area as the site of waste yard as far as possible, so as to meet the need for the piling f waste. The volume of the waste should be calculated by road section, based on the types and quantity of excavated earth, the types and quantity of refilled earth etc;

4. The site selection of the waste yard should mind and avoid to be set in the area where suffers frequent geological disasters such as landslide, collapse etc and disaster impacted area;

5. Based on the characteristic of rural road construction, in principle, the transportation distance of waste should be controlled within the scope of 5～l0km, in order to ensure that there are adequate and relevant independent waste yards for each road construction road section during project construction, avoiding to be disturbed；Meanwhile, to reasonably control the transportation distance of waters so as to reduce the possible water and soil erosion brought by the transportation of waste；

7、Regarding the natural erosion caused by project construction and the temporarily excavated

earth etc, it should be timely cleaned and transported to the waste yard nearby；8、The selection of waste yard should sustain a certain of distance to the surrounding

buildings. Especially, when there is important buildings, villages or irrigation facility located at the lower reaches of the selected site, it should be carefully selected and even could increase land

The cost

should be

integrated into the

project

design fee, rather than

individuall

y estimation.

Consultant company for the preparation of FSR

EIA agency

The administration department for the approval of FSR Construction unit

148


occupation rather than cause serious damage or losses caused by the collapse of waste yard;9. The water yard should not occupy the drinking water resource protection area, natural

reserves, scenery spots and basic farmland protection area etc;10 At each proposed waste yard, it would take the construction of sewage discharge ditches,

waste prevention wall etc. Before heaping up waste in the waste yard, it should complete the construction of sewage discharge ditches and waste prevention walls around the yard, so as to prevent the eroding to the waste by the gathering rainwater etc

11. Before putting waste in the waste yard, it should remove the surface soil on the waste yard ground, and to be heaped at the corner of waste yard. The ground surface should be recovered by the removed vegetation, and the foot of slope should be prevented and blocked by the bags filled with earth or stones.

Project operati

on phase Ground water

contamination caused by runoff

of the road

1、It needs to design rainstorm discharge system of road, to enhance the maintenance and

management of the side ditch and embankment；2、To reasonably plan the drainage scheme of road for the runoff, and strictly forbidden to be directly discharged into fish pond or drinking water sources.3、It needs to enhance the management of sewage produced in project construction, and try to save

the use of water, so as to reduce the production of sewage produced in construction.

3

Executed by contractor, and written in the technical specification

Construction unitEnvironment Engineer of the supervision companyLocal environment protection bureau

Motor vehicle exhaust

1、It should enhance the street greening along the road, so as to increase the absorption of exhaust and reduce the emission of dusts and exhaust.2、To periodically check the condition of the controlling system and exhausting system for the

transportation vehicles, and constrain the entry of vehicle in poor condition.

2 Same as above Same as above

Traffic noise pollution

1、By enhancing the traffic management of road and safety education for the drivers, it could effectively control the traffic noise. It should often maintain the leveling of road surface, and set speed down facilities near the important sensitive sites, and set the signs of forbidden honking, no-overloading, and should time remove the scattered goods on the road etc. 2、To sustain the levelling of road surface, so as to ensure the smooth transportation and reduce

traffic noise.3、To enhance the arrangement of scheme and management for the transportation vehicles, and

should avoid vehicle transportation during peak traffic hours. Transportation should be avoided from 22:00-8:00.

3

The contamination of

1、Regarding the road sections crossing the bridge by the proposed road, it should set anti-collision pier at two sides of bridge and enhance the measures of anti-collision and prevent

5 Operation unit

Operation unit

149


ground water, soil and air

caused by the environment

risks, like traffic accident

vehicles in traffic accident from dropping into river；2、It should set alarming signs of speed limits and no-overtaking etc at the marked two sides of bridge passed by river, to remind drivers and passengers go by to improve their awareness of environment protection;3、At the road sections with frequent sharp turns, it should additionally set relevant traffic alarming signs, to remind drivers to speed down at the special sharp turning road section;4、It should enhance the training and education on the relevant law for the transportation of dangerous goods to the drivers and relevant administrative staff, enabling them to strictly follow the operation procedures and technical specification on the transportation of relevant dangerous goods, and to learn the relevant regulations issued by the relevant national sectors;5、It should strictly follow the Traffic Law on the Road in PRC, and prepare emergency management plan (EMP)on the risk of traffic accident for the road transportation. The plan has integrated the duties and obligation of the commending institute; the selection of emergence response technology and treatment procedures; the provision and allocation of human resources, fund input and physical support; the distribution and division of relevant equipment and tools etc.; the establishment of the dynamic monitoring system for the accident.

Local environment protection bureau

Community surpervision

Civil road administrative unit

Operation

phaseSolid waste

1、It should seal the cargo during transportation of vehicle, so as to reduce the scattering of goods during transportation;

2、Regarding the transportation of vehicle, it should be equipped with scattering proof facilities, and should not be overloaded so as to ensure the loaded goods should not be scattered during transportation; in addition, it should properly arrange the routine and schedule for the transportation vehicles, so as to avoid the driving in the sensitive area, such as the busy downtown and the front of residential.

3、The transportation vehicle should be covered and washed before departure from the loading or unloading yard, so as to reduce the scattering goods attached on the wheels and the bottoms of vehicle.

4、It should timely remove the scattered garbage on road during transportation, so as to reduce the solid waste contamination during transportation.

2 Operation unit

Operation unitLocal environment protection bureauCommunity surpervisionCivil road administrative unit

8.2.3The mitigation measures of EI for the construction of irrigation project

Besides the general mitigation measures listed in Table 8.2-1, the special mitigation measures of EM for irrigation facility construction project in Gansu project area are shown in the following Table 8.2.2.

Table 8.2-3 The Mitigation Measures of EI during the Implementation of Irrigation Facility Construction

150


Project

Phas

es Main negative impact

Mitigation measures

Cost estimation

0000’yuan



Landscape impact

During the construction of water storage pool and water-saving irrigation pipes, with comprehensive consideration of environment protection, greening and landscape, it would make a overall landscape design for the water storage pool and water-saving irrigation pipes, enabling the coordination of water storage pool and surrounding building and the greening belt, which would greatly increase the beauty of rural environment, and make a basic preparation of the eco-tourism development driven by the industrialized agriculture park at late stage;

Integrated into the cost

of project design fee,

without individually estimation

Poverty reduction center in province, municiple

county, project

township, project village, project

design unit

Planning and construction

bureau, National Land Resources Administrative bureau, Water administrative

bureau, Environment

protection bureau

Landslide or water and

soil erosion

1、It should conduct geographic and topographic inventory, and select a suitable

construction process etc；2、It should be less or not occupy farmland, forestland etc.

8.2.4 The mitigation measures of EI for the construction of non-linear infrastructure project

During project construction, mitigation measures of EI caused by the construction of the trading markets and storages could refer to the table 8.2.1, and the special mitigation measures of EI for the non-linear infrastructure project construction could be shown in table 8.2.4.

Table 8.2-4 The mitigation measures of EI for the construction of non-linear infrastructure project

151


Phas


Mitigation measures

Cost estimati

on 0000’yuan



Odor, noise,

dung and sewage

etc

1、The location of living animal trading market should be set at the lower wind direction, and separated with other trading markets, with far distance to the sensitive sites of surroundings, so as to reduce the impact of odor to local surrounding environment;

2、It should properly plan the land occupation for the surrounding area near livestock trading markets, where is not suitable for the location of centralized residential area or entertainment place;

3、It is relative large crowded in the animal trading market, WC and relevant pollution

treatment facilities should be designed: digestion tank（collection of living sewage and

animal urine）, dung heaping ground, counterpart sewage pipelines;

Integrated into

the cost of

project design

fee, without individu

ally estimati

on

Poverty reduction center

in provincemunicipl

e county, project townshi

p village, project design

unit

Planning and construction bureau,

National Land Resources

Administrative bureau, Livestock

bureau, Environment protection bureau

Project operation phase

Noise from

Commercial

operation, and

animal trading etc

Commercial noise（trading shop）：1、To rationally design the location of commercial shops, by keeping adequate distance to the living zone, and enhancing the internal noise-breaking measures, reducing outdoor noise by the plantation of greening belt in surrounding area;2、To prepare strict management regulation, preventing the commercial noise from

residents；Vehicle noise：1、Hocking is forbidden to all vehicles entering or outing the ground parking yard, and should reduce the frequent starting up and slowing speed of motor vehicles;2、To enhance management of noise, and regulate the parking order in parking ground;

Noise of equipment：1、Except the installation of air condition, the rest facilities with high noise should be

installed underground；

4 Commercial

property manage

ment unit

County environment bureau, Township

environment comprehensive Administrative

department, Industry and commercial

administrative bureau

152


2、The room placing equipment should be set with sound-eliminating measures by

installing sound proofing shed, and taking the measures of reducing noise；3、Air condition is the main source of noise. The noise impact to its surrounding environment could be reduced by the selection of air condition equipment with lower noise, installing spring vibrating reduction device at the foot of water pump and the hub parts of air condition, installing the Damping Spring Hanger shock absorber, setting single or double balls rubber soft attaches at the water tubs of taking-in or taking-out, taking sound proof treatment to the pipes by covering sound breaking blanket etc as well as by installing sound eliminating devices at the key parts of noising etc;Animal sound：1、It should properly arrange the schedule of dinning for the animals, so as to avoid the generation of intensive sound source caused by the hungry of animals;2、It should take necessary sound-breaking measures in animal shed, such as the installation

of sound-breaking windows and doors etc.

Ground water

impact by the

discharge of sewage produced

by the project

implementation

1、All wastes of animals should be separated by the dried and wetted, then should conduct treatment to the animal sewage;2、The location of trading markets is not decided yet, and without the construction of necessary public facilities at its surroundings. If the scale of trading market is relative small with less discharging of sewage, where is largely surrounded by farmland, forestland, the sewage after treated in digestion tank could be used in irrigation and fertilization of farmland. The treated waste water used in irrigation should meet the relevant standard of the Criteria of Water Quality in the Irrigation of Farmland (GB5084-2005)；If the scale of trading market is relative large with intensive discharging of sewage, where is unsuitable for irrigation, the sewage treatment stations should be constructed by relevant department there. The sewage from residents and production should be treated before it is discharged;

5

Commercial

property manage

ment unit


environment comprehensive administrative

department

Environment impact produced by odor,

dusts from forage

Odor：1. It should set garbage collection sites and hire workers to be responsible for the cleaning and sterilizing the garbage by local administrators, and timely transform the collected garbage to the civil garbage treatment station, so as to reduce the production and emission of odor in air；2. It should enhance the greening by the plantation of arbor trees and bushes surrounding

8 Commercial

property manage

ment unit



department, Health bureau, Industry and

153


the animal treading market. The multiple forest belt would greatly reduce the odor in air；3、It should enhance the management to the odor pollution by timely cleaning dung and sewage of animals, and periodically cleaning animal sheds. By the improvement of sanitation management and ventilation measures to the animal shed, it would greatly mitigate the impact of odor to the surrounding area；4. By the application f deodorant, it would greatly reduce the source of odor;5. In order to mitigate the impact of odor to the surrounding area, it would take the measures to improve sanitation management and ventilation to the animal shed; by managing and cleaning to the animal storage ground, to reduce the heaping of animal waste. The odor isolation measures include the sealing of container and setting of negative pressure etc；Motor vehicle exhaust：It would enhance traffic management and reduce the idling driving, so as to reduce the emission of exhaust in air;The exhaust produced in agro-products trading market：1、By integrating the natural ventilation and indoor convulsions, to enhance the air

recurrence in the agro-products trading market and shops；2、To timely clean the solid garbage and enhance the sanitation management to shops;Dust from forage: By greening measures or installation of equipment to reduce the dust emission.

commercial administrative bureau

Environment impact

of the solid waste

Animal waste：Referring the requirement of animal waste management for livestock raising project;

Forage warehouse：To sustain the proper temperature and humidity for the forage warehouse, and take anti-rats measures to reduce the solid waste caused by the ruin forage. The solid waste produced in the forage warehouse could be put into the animal shed as the rough fodder for cattle, sheep and pigs etc（except warehouse for the storage of fresh

meat）. It should periodically clean the warehouse to ensure its sanity and reduce the ruining of restored goods, so as to further reduce the production of solid waste. It also should put the solid waste produced in warehouse into the biogas tank for treatment, or composting treatment as organic fertilizer to be sold or applied in the field;

5

Commercial

property manage

ment unit



department, Health bureau, Industry and

commercial administrative

bureau, Environment sanitation department

154


Medical treatment

waste

1、 It would classify and collect the medical waste, and timely take immunization vaccination to the fed animals in order to diagnose diseases early for early treatment, so as to reduce the production of solid medical waste;

2、The collected medical waste should be handled to the special qualified unit for the safe disposal.

2Operatio

n unit

Operation unitLocal environment protection bureau

Social supervision from surrounding

communities

8.2.5 The mitigation measures of EI for the implementation of agriculture cropping projects

Table 8.2-5 The Table of Mitigation Measures of EI for the Implementation of Cropping Project

Phas


Mitigation measures

Cost estima

tion 0000’yuan


Selection of project construction site

Water and soil erosion caused by the improper selection of sites, seedling and plantation

Water and soil erosion：1、To prepare the planning and appraisal of the utilization of water resource during project construction, to ensure there will adequate water resource for development in project area, and avoid the blindness development of land resource without concerning the possible issue of the overdevelopment of water resource；

2、To strictly follow the relevant laws or regulations such as Water and Soil Conservation Law, so as to avoid and constrain the behavior of deterioration of ecologic environment destroying；

1

Poverty reduction center in province, prefectures and counties, project townships, project villages

Local environment protection bureauSocial supervision by surrounding commnities

Site preparation

1、It should follow the basic principle of reserving original slope or planting protection forest before the development of farmland and gradually development, so as to reduction water and soil erosion during land development.；

2、During terracing, it should properly reserve slope land to avoid water and soil erosion;

3、Excessive land reclamation of the slope should be forbidden, slope protection engineering should be reserved during cropping, in order to avoid water and soil erosion;

2.5

Selection of Seeds To plant the adaptable crops which are suitable of the local climate and soil conditions; 0.5

155


Phas


Mitigation measures

Cost estima

tion 0000’yuan


Cultivation

1、In areas where the slope is steep, it should decide the plantation area and direction according the terrain in order to avoid water and soil erosion caused by rainfall or irrigation.2、It would adopt appropriate machinery to prevent compaction due to the heavy equipment.3、By using vegetation, crops intercropping or plantation of forest, it plans to break the wind and reduce water and soil erosion caused by storm.

3

Irrigation Impact to water environment, caused by irrigation etc

1、When taking ground surface water from rivers for irrigation and drinking, it should comprehensively conduct appraisal by relevant departments to review the feasibility of the selected outlet sites, so as to ensure the implementation of water diversion project would not affect fish habitat "three sites", while ensure the normal operation of shipping channel in project area2、During the implementation of cropping activities, it would conduct the application research on water-saving irrigation technology so as to greatly promote the dropping irrigation technology in the economic consumption of water, so as reduce the quota of water in irrigation.3、To rationally develop water resource in irrigation area, and promote the utilization rate of water so as to keep the balance of water resources in irrigation area；4、To scientifically prepare the scheme of water utilization, based on the natural law of growth for the plants, the demanding quota of water for crops and water content in soil, as well as the spatial distribution of water, so as to actually make a sound plan of water utilization and water distribution. Water allocation accuracy should reach more than 95%, enabling the standard of the irrigated water amount would not be retrieved, and prevent the underground water from overexploitation and pollution caused by deep seepage.5、To establish a strict maintenance and management system for the facilities, and periodically check the performance status of the equipment to ensure the proper operation for all types of water-saving facilities.6、To keep a rational density of plantation and increase the coverage of land, would decrease the size of bare land and time of exposure for the land, and would suppress the increment of soil moisture and the salinization of soil, to increase soil desalting effect.

4 Poverty reduction center in province, prefectures and counties, project townships, project villages

Planning &construction bureau, Agriculture & animal husbandry bureau, County environment bureau, Township environment comprehensive administrative department, Geologic disaster administrative department

156


Phas


Mitigation measures

Cost estima

tion 0000’yuan


Contamination

of chemica

l fertilizat

ion

1、It encourages the application of organic manure. Taking the organic manure as base fertilizer , it would reduce the loss of fertilizer and improve soil quality and fertility so as improve the quality of agro-products and achieve the modern agriculture with food safety and sustainable agriculture development strategy；

2、The application of chemical fertilizer and organic manure, would greatly improve the nutrient of crops, improve soil fertility, reduce the cost of fertilization, improve the efficiency of fertilization, improve the yield and quality of crops, and reduce the environment contamination;3、Based on the condition of crops and soil, it properly compose the proportion of N, P and K, integrated with the reasonable application of micro elements fertilizer for the balanced nutrient of soil, and fully motivate the inter compensation among types of fertilizers;

4、Before fertilization, it should comprehensively consider the efforts of the mixed inter-activated factors such as the concentration of nutrients, dissolvable degree, PH, by-side effect etc, so as to fully achieve its economic benefits;

5、Before fertilization, it should exam the condition of soil by the indicators such as the organic matter content in soil, soil quality, PH of soil, soil maturation degree etc, so as to identify the most properly suitable variety of fertilizer, and decide the rational method of fertilization;6、It needs to improve the techniques of fertilization, so as to improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer. Firstly, it should follow the principle of “N controlled, P saved and K increased”; secondly, it should improve the method of fertilization, popularizing the centralized fertilization techniques of “applying N deeply, P shallowly” etc, and applying fertilizers based on the condition of soil, crops or variety of fertilizers, and to strongly promote the new method of fertilization based on the condition of tested & diagnosed soil;

7、By the application of crop residuum, compost and manure which contains a great amount organic matter to increase the content of organic matter in soil, to prevent soil from erosion caused by sunshine, raining or wind erosion, and to sustain the balance of the ecological system for soil. However, before the application, it should consider the possibility of spreading plant diseases and insect pests;8、It could consider to add the right amount of lime in soil, to control soil acidification which might be caused by acid precipitation or fertilizer application, and stabilize the value of PH in

5



157

Fertilization


Phas


Mitigation measures

Cost estima

tion 0000’yuan


Contamination

of pesticide

,

mulch pollutio

n

1、To select the species of crops with the genetic advantage of anti-pests and disease, and perform quarantine of seeds during introduction so as to prevent the spreading of pests and diseases. When pests and diseases are popularized, it should take physical method (artificially taking off the infected plants, and culling, luring insects etc), so as to meet the goal of applying less pesticide on crops. 2、It should pay attention on the physical prevention measures in dealing with pests. For example, the prevention of fruit worm should base on the principle of “focusing on the prevention, treated comprehensively”. By conducting a large scaled field survey on the identification of the fruit worm varieties and development trends, it could take a relevant targeting effective counterpart measure to control the pests;3、It should reduce the dosage of chemical fertilizers application, and recommend the prevention measures biologically, agriculture prevention practices and comprehensive prevention and treatment. It suggests to apply lower toxic pesticides, to control the application of pesticide with medium toxicity, and strictly forbid the high toxic fertilization；4、It should apply the pesticides with lower toxicity and less chemical residual, and forbidden the application of pesticides listed in the Name List of Pesticides Nationally Forbidden or Constrained Application；

5、It should strengthen the monitoring of pests and disease, providing scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of the diseases and pests in apple orchard. .6、By the provision of technical training and equipment, it should promote the application of safely controlling pests technology and the lower dosage for less residuals of fertilization;7、Before sawing, it would conduct deep tilling of soil in hot summer or cold winter.8、To recommend farmers to apply mineral agents, biological agents, and low toxic agent. It suggests using the pesticide and chemical fertilizer with moderate toxicity if the above mentioned agents used are invalid.9、To strictly control the concentration of pesticide, content, form, frequency and method.10、To conduct training to farmers in according to the application specification of pesticides.11、To strictly apply the pesticide based on the specification of the usage of the drugs, and to select a shining day to sprinkle the drugs in order to prevent the diffusion of pesticides

5



158

Pests and diseases controlling


Phas


Mitigation measures

Cost estima

tion 0000’yuan


1、To properly remove the mulch：It suggests taking the measures of removing mulch before harvesting rather than after harvesting. The concrete time of removing mulch should be decided as the clear day after raining or the early morning with the moist soil. The properly remove mulch, could greatly reduce the film residuals in the soil of the land；

2、It should take an integrated measure of artificially or machinery recollecting of the used

mulch, and enhance the recollection of film residuals on the ground：Besides the removal of mulch before raining, it also organizes labors manually or by taking tools to recollect the film residuals on the ground. By the operation of mulch collection machine before tiling, land preparation and sowing and after harvesting, it also is effective in removing mulch residuals；

3、To optimize farming system：It should enhance the rotational cropping system to reduce the average coverage of mulch residuals per unit farmland, so as to reduce the danger of mulch residuals contamination；4、It strictly forbid the freely disposal of relevant plastic bags, such as the empty bags of seeds and pesticides etc should be recollected;.



159

Other


Phas


Mitigation measures

Cost estima

tion 0000’yuan


Crop residuals

and other solid waste

1、To keep crop residues and other organic matter in soil, plow or composting for recycling application. Before the implementation of these measures, it should firstly consider the potential possibility of the spreading of diseases and insect pests. 2、To take the crop residues as biological energy facilities of the thermal energy fuels, the substrate of fermentation equipment, and the biological refining raw materials.

3、To conduct cleaning (such as triple washing technology) and disposal (for example, by shredding, chopped, or return to vendor) of pesticide packing bags and containers, in order to avoid the recycling use of them as food and water containers. It should follow the regulations, in accordance with the provisions, to recycling use the washed solution as diluents, or stored for final disposal. 4, For the expired and redundant pesticides, should be disposed in accordance with the relevant guidelines of expiration and the management scheme for excess pesticide.

1



160

Harvest


8.2.6 Mitigation measures of EI for the implementation of livestock breeding project

Table 8.2-6 The Table of Mitigation Measures of EI for the Implementation of Livestock Breeding ProjectPh

ases

Main negative impact

Mitigation measures

Cost estimati

on 0000’yuan

Executors

Supervisors

Design and site selection

Impact of odor

and under

-ground water

1、It is forbidden to construct project at the sites where is the core or near area of drinking water

resource protection zone, famous scenery spots, natural reserve etc；2、Project is forbidden to be constructed in the rural residential area, where the population is centralized and divided as culture, education and technology district, hospital treatment district, commercial zone, industry zone and tourism zone etc；3、The treatment engineering for the prevention of animal sewage contamination should be

located with a certain of distance to the buildings of animal production district of the farm and residential area. It should be set at the lower direction of the main air recurrence or its side wind direction;

4、It should plan to construct urine or dung storage tank for individual household who raise

livestock, and the leakage proofing design should be conducted to the tanks；regarding the centralized animal raising farm, it should design the dung heaping ground equipped with biogas pond, and the location of animal waste storage facility should keep over 400m far away from the groundwater;5、The animal shed is designed with the dry cleaning process, so as to reduce the usage of water for washing the shed. It plans to separate the animal waste with the dry dung part and wet urine part, for the convenience of contamination treatment.

Integrate into the cost of design

fee, without individual cost

estimate

Poverty reduction center

in province,prefectures and counties, project townshi

ps, project villages

Planning &construction

bureau, Agriculture &

animal husbandry

bureau, National land

resources administrative , Forest bureau

161


Phas

es

Main negative impact

Mitigation measures

Cost estimati

on 0000’yuan

Executors

Supervisors Whole life period of project

Water environ

ment impact

1.The collected urine and the washed water are discharged into the sewage tank, sustaining at least 20 days in warm days, and 30 days in cold days (November to march). Then, it will be applied as liquid fertilizer on farmland after treatment. 2.It should strictly manage the storage tank and pipeline for the liquid fertilizer, and strictly beware of the leakage which might cause the pollution of land, surface water and groundwater.3.It must take anti-seepage treatment to the facility of sewage in livestock breeding nursery.4.By using notoginseng lime soil, to take anti-seepage measures on the ground of stadiums. Timely cleaning up the solid manure for composting. The liquid urine will be collected into the sewage pool for treatment.5.According to the size of the farms, it will put the collected sewage for treatment and discharge it into the fields matching with nutrients.6.The waste water collected from washed water, sewage and animal urine in the animal breeding nursery, would be discharged into biogas pool for treatment, not allowed to be discharged outside.


Agriculture & animal husbandry bureau, County environment bureau, Township environment comprehensive administrative department

162


P h a s Main Mitigation measures Cost Executo Supervisors Impact

of undergr

ound water

1、The waste water discharged from animal raising farm could be used for land irrigation by drop

irrigation or artificial irrigation. The over irrigation should be avoided in unit land；2、It should rational arrange the layout of drainage pipes or discharging ditch. The anti-corrosion

PVC pipe is suitable to be adopted as the pipe of collecting waste water, and the interface of pipes should be closely sealed so as to ensure the sewage could be properly discharged；

3、The bottom of animal shed, compost ground, urine collection pond and ditch should be concreted, equipped with anti-seepage treatment measures. Meanwhile, it should periodically check the condition of ground rupture and the sealing of drainage pipes so as to avoid the leakage of sewage. During the treatment of anti-seepage, it should follow relevant specification for the construction of concrete，and concrete compressive strength, impermeability, antifreeze

performance must meet the design requirements；Wall constructed vertically and leveling, which should closely connect the sealing part of concrete. The thickness of protection layer should be standardized: Before pouring concrete pool wall, concrete construction joints should be cut rough and carefully cleaned. Concrete joins should be close-grained, without leakage.4、The ground of compost area should be constructed by the material with strength, anti seepage and corrosion resistant, and should set the part of blocking leakage and the collection device for the leakage sewage.5、It should take the dry cleaning process for the collection and treatment of animal dung for its timely cleaning and transportation. For the temporary heaping site, it should construct specific building, provide cleaning and sterilization equipment, and discharging pipe connecting the drainage pipe system so as to prevent the seepage of the leaked sewage from solid waste.

12 Poverty reduction center in provinceprefectures and counties, project townships, project villages


163


P h a s Main Mitigation measures Cost Executo Supervisors

Odor impact

1. It should enhance the greening by the plantation of arbor trees and bushes surrounding the animal feeding farms. The multiple forest belt would greatly reduce the odor in air；2、It should enhance the management to the odor pollution by timely cleaning dung and sewage of animals, and periodically cleaning animal sheds. By the improvement of sanitation management and ventilation measures to the animal shed, it would greatly mitigate the impact of odor to the surrounding area；By taking procedure control and cleaning management to the storage of dung and sewage and the pond of collecting, to reduce the heaping of animal waste. The odor isolation measures include the sealing of container and setting of negative pressure etc；In order to mitigate the impact of odor to the surrounding area,3. By the application of deodorant, it would greatly reduce the source of odor; It also would take the compound feed which is mixed by straw and the effective microbial agents.

3

Poverty reduction center in province,prefectures and counties, project townships, project villages


Environment

impact caused

by animal waste

Heaping and transportation measures：1、It should set special location for the temporary storage of animal waste, covered by rain

proofing shed and equipped with anti-seepage measures. During summer time, it would periodically spray sterilizing fluid on the heaping ground. During the designing of the stock capacity for the dung heaping ground, it has considered the relevant specification required in The Detailed Regulation on Controlling the Total Emission of Main Contaminants During the Phase of 12th Five Year Plan；

2、During the transportation of animal waste, it should set the leak proofing packing at the vehicles transforming solid waste so as to avoid the second pollution. By covering canvas on the top of vehicle, it would not only avoid the impact to the landscape of countryside, but also would avoid the scattering of the waste during transportation. Meanwhile, it should rational select the transportation routine and schedule, so as to reduce the environment impact to the resident surrounding;Treatment measures：All animal waste should be collected and composted to be as manure, it could be apply in the field as fertilizer after the relevant treatment;

2 Poverty reduction center in province,prefectures and counties, project townships, project villages


164


P h a s Main Mitigation measures Cost Executo Supervisors Environ

ment impact caused by the

infected dead

animals

1、Household who raising animals should check the condition of animals each day. If any infected animal is identified and dead, it must timely report to the vet. If the infected animal is able to be cured, the treatment of animals should be instructed by vet;

2、If the livestock and poultry died of severe disease, it should burn the dead body in landfill site, and then the surface of the burned dead body should be covered by lime and buried. If the animals died of rest reasons, it also should be safely buried.

3、The dead animal and its excrement should be put into the empty forage bags which should have water proofing plastic film internally, and its shed should be thoroughly sterilized.

4、Common infected dead animals must be sent to a veterinary clinic, the vet would be responsible for the inspection, the autopsy, the inspection work and so on; Any suspicious serious disease incidence must be promptly report to the responsible personnel, and appealed to the local veterinary inspection departments for confirmation.5、The infected dead animals must be disposed by the responsible household with the assistance

of local vet administrative department； Regarding any suspected seriously infected case or the suspected human-animal infection case, anatomy must be banned, and the dead infected animals must be buried deeply;6、Any infected dead animal must be recorded for reference. If the anatomy is needed for the dead

animals, it must clearly keep all relevant records;7、Because this proposed project would be implemented in rural area, most animals would be scattered in feeding, which is ineligible of burning if it is dead. Thus, the deeply filling of the dead cattle will be a safe way in disposal. Under this proposed project, it must set more than one burying wells. After each dropping of the dead animal body into the well, it must cover the lime with the thickness over 10cm. After the filled well is full, it must be compacted and sealed with sticky earth.



165


P h a s Main Mitigation measures Cost Executo Supervisors Public health impact caused by the

epidemic disease

Ordinary prevention measures:1、It should separate animal breeding zone and local residents. Animal shed must be sterilized,

with the application of medicine in high efficiency and less stimulation. The ground can use 2% sodium hydroxide solution or 0.5% peracetic acid for disinfection;

2、It strictly control the non-workers come into animal feeding zone. Work uniform and shoes must be put on and sterilized by passing the disinfection house for anyone if the entry must happen;

3、Workers who are responsible for feeding animals have to make a health check at least once a year. If any suspicious cases which might be infected by animal or human being is identified, it should timely take the measure of isolation for the prevention of spreading;4、It should timely keep animal shed cleaning, leveling, drying, without contaminants (such as bricks, stones, waste of fuel, wasted plastic bags etc);5、At the spring and autumn every year, it should respectively take once health check and trim the whole foot of animal. The cattle which have suffered from the limb hoof disease should be timely treated. During the breakout season of Limb hoof disease, it should spray the foot of cattle with 5% copper sulfate solution s 2 times a week, in order to reduce the happening of the limb hoof disease. Regarding the cattle herds which highly suffer from the limb hoof disease, great attention should be paid to the status of the whole cattle herds; 6、It is forbidden to breed by ball sperm, which might suffers from the genetic fail of the disease;7、To periodically check the ingredients of each forage to ordinary exam, adjust and balance the nutrients of forage, especially during the incidence of limb hoof disease amounts over 15%;8、Prepare for brucellosis regular inspection, to guarantee the health of the flock. Sheep can be randomly 2% a year to monitor brucella disease by bicolor antigen flat condensation reaction. Vaccination for the immunization of goat would be planned and organized conducted, to prevent and control the spreading of infectious diseases.9、Insecticide and pesticide regularly, by the integration of spray, oral, injection etc;



166


P h a s Main Mitigation measures Cost Executo Supervisors The emergency action when epidemic diseases breakouts:1、It should establish diseases prevention working group immediately, for quick and accurate diagnosis, and quickly report to the diseases administrative sector;2、Rapid isolation is needed, to block the infected area where should be sterilized. The elimination of isolation only could be conducted when the last infected cattle have been cured, or there is not any new incidence of the disease identified for two latent terms after slaughter. Only large scale disinfection has been taken, and report approved by the above administrative department after the submission, the block could be dismissed.3、Regarding the seriously infected animal and the animals blocked, it should take a

comprehensive prevention method and measure, including emergency vaccination, antibiotic therapy, the specificity of the higher serum free therapy, chemotherapy, the adjuvant therapy enhancing physical and physiological function of animals etc;

4、The dead infected animals should be properly disposal by strictly following the instructions of epidemic disease prevention;5 、 During the heavy epidemic diseases breakouts, it most strictly executive the relevant

regulation required in The Emergence Actions for Key Major Animal Epidemic, and The Technical Specification for the Settlement of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreak.

The impact

of animal

placenta

Project village should actively contact local drugstores or other vendors to sell the animal placenta as health care products or nutrient medicines. On one hand, it could increase income for household, on the other hand, it would greatly reduce the environment contamination; If temporary, the vendors animal placenta have not yet contracted, it should bury the animal placenta referring the disposal measures for the dead infected cattle. Before selling the animal placenta, it should conduct relevant exam, so as to avoid the harmfulness to human health which might be caused by bacteria, viruses and other organisms.

1.5 Poverty reduction center in province,prefectures and counties, project townships, project villages


167


P h a s Main Mitigation measures Cost Executo Supervisors

Noise pollutio

n

1、To enhance the management measures；2、It should adopt necessary sound isolation measure indoor of animal shed, such as the

installation of sound breaking windows and doors etc;3、For the transportation vehicles, it should be equipped with the required facilities to prevent the scattering of goods during transportation；And should make the transportation route and schedule in advance, to avoid passing the sensitive area such as driving in front of the prosperous area and residential buildings.

2Poverty reduction center in province,prefectures and counties, project townships, project villages

Local environment protection bureau,

Social supervision by the surrounding communities

Ecologic impact

1、It would mainly focus on rearing animals in pens, and currently, the supply of artificial forage

could basically meet the demand；2、It would take the straw of maize as the forage feeding sheet and cattle. Animal waste could be applied in soil as organic fertilizer so as to improve the fertility of soil, which would generate a fine ecological recycling, and be good for the agriculture development；3、Single variety of the grass would reduce the biodiversity, it suggests to extend the rotational pasturing in order to improve the yield of grass and reduce the incidence of disease and pests;

2



Harmful organis

ms

1、Fly, mosquito, especial the pig excrement in the nursery should be cleaned up, collected and sterilized. It could wipe out the maggots of flies by spraying strain pesticides. In addition, it suggests setting a great number of electronic eliminators of flies, electronic eliminators of mosquito etc. It also requires to timely sweep the water accumulated on the ground, and to spray the environmental friendly pesticides at the presence of the landscape pool.2. At the site where the rat frequented, it will set mousetrap and promptly remove dead rat. The rat poison would be put around the feed warehouse of pigs and other facilities twice a month, but should pay attention to avoid the contamination of feed. The living and production sewage would be cleaned up timely, so as to maintain the cleanness of external environment.

1

Poverty reduction center in province,prefectures and counties, project townships, project villages



168


Table 8.2-7 Mitigation Measures of EI for the Processing of Chinese Medicine Herbs

Phase Main

negative impact

Mitigation / protection measures

Cost estimation（0000’yuan）

Executor Supervisor

The

who

le p

roce

ss o

f the

indu

stry

.

Air environment

impact

1、To filter the dust, particles in the air by using the filter, and to enhance ventilation in workshop by placing exhaust fan.

3Poverty reduction center in province,

prefectures and counties, project

townships, project villages

Local environment protection bureau;Supervised by the surrounding communities

Water environment

impact

1、It will adopt the countercurrent washing technology to firstly clean up the raw material. Firstly, to clean up the equipment by using scraper cleaning device and the broom, followed by water washing, while reducing the transmission of waste moisture. 2、It will construct sedimentation tank, grilled pool, regulating pond, hydrolysis pond etc to conduct pretreatment to the living sewage and washed waste water.

6

Sound environment

impact

1 It will enhance the greening of the factory campus by the plantation of tall broad-leaved trees in order to beautify the environment. As for the measures of reducing noise, it would procure the equipment with lower noise and take the measures of sound insulation, noise elimination, sound absorption, vibration isolation. 2、All types of machinery and equipment will be installed in indoor. The EA requires selecting the equipment with lower noise and needs to install the base of vibration reduction at the bottom of the machine, and install sound insulation door and window in workshop as well as the factory building sound insulation to naturally reduce the noise.

3

Poverty reduction center in province,




Solid waste environment

impact

1、In order to reduce the lose caused by the ruined material, it will shorten the storage period of the material in the storage.

2、In order to reduce the quantity of the organic waste and the off-grade raw material accumulated inside the factory, it will conduct the cleaning, screening and classification of raw materials at the early stage of processing (such in the farms). 3、The unqualified raw materials will be collected and used for the production of other products. It will seal and pack the collected solid waste and liquid waste, and separately place the by-products of each product and isolate them from the wastes, in order to maximize the effects and minimize the waste.

1.5

Poverty reduction center in province,




169


8.3 Environment management training plan

8.3.1 The objectives of environment protection

It plans to conduct training activities focusing on the relevant environment protection

knowledge and skill training to project management staff of all levels and project households,

farmers’ cooperates, to enable them fully understand the positive and negative impact caused by the

implementation of project. The plans, measures and relevant operation techniques proposed in EMP

would enable them to carefully follow the guards and accurately executive the implementation of

environment protection policies.

The training on environment protection would target the trainees including three categories of

management training to the management staff from province, county, county, and technical staff of

project construction technician, project construction supervisor, agriculture technician, and farmers

and workers etc.

8.3.2 Environmental protection plan

The environment training would be concentrated starting from the beginning of project

implementation, and continued by integrating it with other project activities, rather than

individually，so as to ensure all project participants could fully understand their responsibility on

environment protection, and better understand the ration of the executive EMP and the important role

played by EMP for ensuring a long term economic growth and healthy development.

The training on improving environment protection awareness should include project

management staff from PMOs, project households, to enable them better understand the evaluation

of environment impact, EMP and the positive influence to the their livelihood affected by the project

implementation. The training plan is clearly specified in table 8.3-1.

Table 8.3-1 Training Plan to Environment Protection Staff

Trainee Training activities and contentQuantity（person） Period

(day)

Cost(0000yuan)

The responsible chiefs, Environment management

Relevant laws, regulations, code etc on environment protection specified by the WB and Chinese government.

5 person each counties, totally 80 persons

5 4.5

Environment protection and impact mitigation measures, including the positive and negative

170


and technical staff in PMOs of municipal, county in project area

impact caused by project implementation, environment protection regulations, the organization, implementation and supervision of environment management.The principle, plan and implementation of the pests and disease management plan, the dosage of pesticide and application method etcThe planning and implementation of environment monitoring, including the setting of monitoring sites, the selection of monitoring indicators and the determination of monitoring frequency.

The responsible chiefs, Environment management and technical staff in township PMO

Environment protection and impact mitigation measures, including the positive and negative impact caused by project implementation, environment protection regulations, the organization, implementation and supervision of environment management.

2persons per township，totally 112person

4 8.16The pests and diseases management plan and its implementationThe planning and implementation of environment monitoring, including the setting of monitoring sites, the selection of monitoring indicators and the determination of monitoring frequency.

The responsible chiefs, Environment management and technical staff in project villages

Environment protection and impact mitigation measures, including the positive and negative impact caused by project implementation, environment protection regulations, the organization, implementation and supervision of environment management.

2persons each village,Totally 480 persons

4 25.08

The pests and diseases management plan and its implementationThe planning and implementation of environment monitoring, including the setting of monitoring sites, the selection of monitoring indicators and the determination of monitoring frequency.Animal shed design and the planning of the prevention of animal waste pollutionFine variety breeding techniques, fertilization management plan.The preparation and edition of environment management report, environment supervision report, and environment monitoring report etc.

Contractors, chiefs and environment protection staff on-site of the project construction.

The mitigation measures during project construction specified in EMP, integrated in the training on environment protection and on-job training for security etc.

2 persons in each project construction period

2～3 days

5Easy monitoring methods and mitigation method to the noise pollution in project construction period (self testing).

2 persons in each project construction period

2～3 days

Supervision engineers

The relevant measures and requirement specified in EMP；relevant environment protection laws, construction plan, the detailed supervision regulation etc.

1-2 persons in each project construction period

2～3 days

3

The techniques on environment air monitoring and 2 persons in 2～3

171


mitigation measures, the techniques on noise monitoring and mitigation measure.

each project construction period

days

Project owner/project operator and environment management staff

All contents mentioned above, measures specified in EMP taken in project operation period，and the operation of environment protection facilities and the maintenance.

100 persons（primary estimation）

2～3 days

4

Individual farmers

EMP and the implantation of EMP for individual household in the implementation of cropping and animal raising.

692 persons（primary estimation）

7days 15

Total / / 64.74

172


8.4 Environment Monitoring Plan

8.4.1 The objectives of environment monitoring

Environment monitoring should be respectively conducted during project construction period

and operation period, with the objectives to timely and dynamically control the trends of pollution

caused by the proposed project, and learn the extent of environment quality changes, the scope of

impact in project construction period and the dynamic changes of environment quality in project

operation period in project area. These monitoring data and results will be timely submitted to the

environment administrative department, which would provide the scientific base for the environment

management of the project.

8.4.2 Environment monitoring institute

During the project implementation period and operation period, the environment monitoring

would be conducted by local environment monitoring stations located in project prefectures or cities

entrusted by the project contractors or project operators. These environment monitoring stations

should be certificated by the National Environment Quality Monitoring Institute, equipped with

advanced technical equipment and technology, and should be capable to undertake the monitoring

tasks for this proposed project.

Based on the projected results of environment impact, it would take the sensitive sites where are

possible significantly polluted as the monitoring sites, to track and monitor the contamination

situation in project area during project implementation period and operation period. The monitoring

contents the monitoring of noise, air environment and ground water, which might have significant

environment impact. Monitoring indicators will be decided in according to the characteristics of

contamination of the project. It will adopt the monitoring and analysis methods identified in the

Specifications of Environment Monitoring Technology issued by the National Environment

Protection Bureau. The evaluation criteria will take the nationally recognized standard of EA for all

project activities.

8.4.3 Environment monitoring plan

Environment monitoring will be respectively conducted during project construction period and

operation period, with the objectives to timely and dynamically control the trends of pollution caused

173


by the proposed project, and learn the extent of environment quality changes, the scope of impact in

project construction period and the dynamic changes of environment quality in project operation

period in project area. These monitoring data and results will be timely submitted to the environment

administrative department, which would provide the scientific base for the environment management

of the project.

The focuses of environment impact monitoring for this proposed project are the monitoring to

water quality, environment noise and environment air. The ordinary monitoring includes the

integration of the monitoring at the fixed sites and the non-fixed sites, the regular monitoring and

irregular monitoring. Monitoring institutes should be the local environment monitoring station or the

qualified and certificated environment monitoring institutes. PPMO will be the responsible unit and

the county environment protection bureaus in all project counties will be the supervision agencies.

174


Table 8.4-1 Environment Monitoring Plan in Gansu Project Area

Monitoring items Monitoring indicator Monitoring

frequency Monitoring site Monitoring agencyResponsibl

epart

Estimation

0000’yuan

Soil erosion Soil erosion modulus, runoff

The 1st, 3rd and 6th

year during project implementation, and

once a year

Respectively set one monitoring site in the new plantation area of Weiyuan county, Huachi county, Longxi county,

Heshui county and Zhangjiachuan county

Municipal agriculture environment

monitoring station, water and soil erosion

monitoring station

Poverty reduction center in province, prefecture

4.5

Water contaminatio

n

PH, Dissolved oxygen (do) , CODCr, BOD5, NH3-N, total coliform bacteria, SS（Suspended solids）

The 2nd, 5th year during project

implementation, and once a year

Respectively set one monitoring site at the sewage outfalls from animal raising farms in（Huanxian county,

Minxian county, Tongwei county, Gulang county and Lintao county）

Municipal and county environment

monitoring stations


4.8

Drinking water for

human and animal

Chroma, PH, Dissolved oxygen (do) , CODCr,

BOD5, NH3-N, total coliform bacteria, Odor and taste, total hardness, nitrate, total number of bacteria



once a year

Respectively set one monitoring site where would newly implement drinking water supply project and ,in Huanchi, Huanxian and Gulang 3 counties, and individually set one

monitoring site where would mewly implement water cistern construction project

Municipal and county environment

monitoring stations, municipal and county health and epidemic disease prevention

station


7.2

Underground water

Chromaticity and turbidity, odor and taste, pH, total hardness, nitrate, total number of bacteria, total coliforms



once a year

To respectively set on monitoring site near wells where newly have more household raising animals in Dongxian

county, Gulang county and Anding district

Municipal environment monitoring stations, municipal health and

epidemic disease prevention station


10

Total 26.5

175


8.4.4 Environment Monitoring Report

This proposed project is designed with large-scaled investment, comprehensively covering large

area with various e project activities. The implementation of the proposed project would generate a

long term, potential and uncertain impacts to the environment elements of ground water, vegetation,

soil and land utilization, energy supply and social economy etc. Thus, it needs to take monitoring

actions during the period of project design, project implementation and operation, to assess the actual

impacts caused by project implementation and track the dynamic negative impact and influence

caused by project implementation, in order to provide a reliable basis for environment monitoring,

counterpart measures study and environment management in the different phases of project.

Environment monitoring stations located in project counties, prefectures or the Provincial

Agriculture Environment Protection and Monitoring Station would be contracted by project counties

to undertake the relevant monitoring tasks. It plans to take the monitoring and analysis method

identified in the Specifications of Environment Monitoring Technology issued by the State

Environment Protection Bureau and the methods used in the classified monitoring technology,

following the criteria of the identified national standard in EA.

During the period of project construction, the environment impacts mainly include the pollution

of noise, floating dust, waste water etc. The living sewage generated during project construction will

be treated at the surrounding houses septic tank before to be discharged into sewage pipeline.

Because of the influence of construction period is short, by strengthening the environment

management during project implementation, it could avoid the problem of environmental pollution.

The involved pollution factors such as TSP (total suspended particulate matter), SS (suspended

solids), petroleum, noise etc, all visually and sensually noticed, could be controlled by taking

environment monitoring, supervision and mitigation measures conducted by environment

supervision department in project period.

Thus, the main monitoring tasks for this proposed project will take place in project operation

period. The main project activities cover cropping, livestock breeding, agro-products process etc.

The monitoring scope for this proposed project contains the project villages, project townships in 16

project counties .PPMO would periodically compile Project Monitoring Report, including the main

monitoring items, monitoring indicators and monitoring frequency etc.

PMOs would arrange the designated staffs who have received training on environment

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monitoring and management to randomly conduct check and supervision, in order to identify the

potential problems in advance and find proper solution. The ordinary monitoring activities include:

to conduct noise monitoring at project sites and the selected sensitive sites by taking the portable

instrument. By visual observation, to check the negative environment impact caused by project

implementation, eg. It happen a serious water and soil erosion etc.

Regarding the implementation progress on environment mitigation measures, training activities,

data collection and conclusion etc, county PMO would be responsible for the supervision, collection

and summary during the ordinary route work, which would be periodically submitted to PPMO.

PPMO would be responsible for drafting the general project progress report on environment

management, and periodically submit to the central PMO, then finally submit to the WB.

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9 ConclusionsBased on the comprehensive assessment of EA, it has been approved that the selection of the

project sites and the general layout of the proposed project is rational. The positive impact caused to

agriculture ecological system plays a dominant role rather than its negative impact. And its

irreversible environment impact is small and most of the negative impacts could be mitigated or

eliminated by the implementation of the proposed environment protection measures. In addition, the

selected project area will not involve the location of natural reserves, the protection area of rare

animals etc, and also will not impact its local culture relics while fully respect local ethnic minority

custom. The pollution mitigation measures proposed in the PIP is technically feasible, economically

rational, and consistent with the requirements in the relevant national and local planning. During

project construction, it should strictly follow the regulations of “3 simultaneous” in environment

prevention, and strictly carry out the national or local standard of discharging relevant pollutants, so

as to firmly implement all suggestions of mitigation measures proposed in addition to meet the

concrete requirement from the EA. By enhancing the environment management during project

implementation period, it would minimize the degree of all kinds of environment impacts including

dust, noise, to be an acceptable level in project implementation period. It shows that from the point

view of environment protection, this proposed project is environmental friendly feasible.

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