6-hazardID 2010

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HAZARD IDENTIFICATION,

CLASSIFICATION &COMMUNICATION

Anuar Mohd. Mokhtar

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SCOPE

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Identification of hazards

Chemical Register

Chemical classification systems in Malaysia

Industrial chemicals Pesticides

Poisons

Scheduled Wastes

Hazard Communication

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IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARD

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3

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IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS


4

Chemical hazards

Anticipation of chemical hazards

Identify hazardous chemicals used at workplace

Inventory/register of chemicals

Identify the hazardous properties of chemicals

Classification of chemicals

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CHEMICAL HAZARDS: FIRE


5

A fire is usually unwanted, and often

uncontrolled, combustion of a fuel, in

most cases in air, and usuallyaccompanied by a flame.

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CHEMICAL HAZARDS: FIRE

21/11/2010OHT01\vapor.ppt

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FUEL:

Combustible vapour, gas,

mist / froth

Dust of combustible solids

OXYGEN SOURCE:

Air, oxygen, oxidizing

agent

IGNITION SOURCE:

Flame, heat, spark (of

sufficient energy),

self-heating FIRE

TRIANGLE

A fire will only start if 3 basic requirements are met:

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CHEMICAL HAZARDS: EXPLOSION


7

An explosion is a rapid increase of pressure

in a confined space, generally caused by

the occurrence of exothermic chemicalreactions in which gases are produced in

relatively large amounts

A rapid release of energy

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CHEMICAL HAZARDS:

EXPLOSIONS


8

PHYSICAL CHEMICAL

UNIFORMPROPAGATING

Thermal expansion

Rupture of

pressurized vessel Exothermic

reactions

Decomposition

Polymerization

Deflagration Detonation

Shock wave

travels at speed

lower than

for detonation.

Pmax of 7 atm

Shock waves

at supersonic

speed.

Pmax of

20 atm

EXPLOSION

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CHEMICAL HAZARDS: HEALTH

EFFECTS


9

Systemic effects

Pneumoconiosis

Carcinogenic

Mutagenic

Reproductive toxicity

Anesthesia & narcosis

Sensitizing Corrosive & irritation

Asphyxiation

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EFFECT


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SYSTEMIC POISONING

Refers to adverse response induced by chemicals to one or more

body systems

Effect not localized to any one spot or area of the body E.g. chemicals causing

Liver injury: Chlorinated hydrocarbon

Kidney damage: Carbon disulphide, ethylene glycol

Nervous system damage: hexane, mercury, manganese

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CHEMICAL HAZARDS:

HEALTH EFFECT


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PNEUMOCONIOSIS

Dusty lungs

A condition caused by the deposit of small dust particles in the

gas exchange areas of the lungs and the reaction of the tissue totheir presence

E.g. chemicals causing pneuomoconiosis: crystalline silica, coal

dust, cotton dust, asbestos, talc, beryllium

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CHEMICAL HAZARDS:

HEALTH EFFECT


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CARCINOGENIC No threshold level

Causing uncontrolled growth of cells resulting in cancerous tumours

Tumours appear many years after first exposure (latency period:

4-40 years) E.g. chemicals causing cancer to

Bladder: benzidine, 2-napthylamine

Skin: arsenic, coal tar, petroleum products

Nasal cavities: chromium, nickel

Respiratory: asbestos, silica Liver: vinyl chloride monomer (VCM),

Bone marrow: benzene

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CHEMICAL HAZARDS:

HEALTH EFFECT


13

MUTAGENIC

Genetic effects of certain chemicals on workers may

lead to undesired changes in future generations

Mutations can occur at gene or chromosomal level

80 to 85% of carcinogenic chemicals are mutagenic

E.g. barium permanganate, methyl isocyanate

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CHEMICAL HAZARDS:

HEALTH EFFECT


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REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS

Effects on fertility or developmental toxicity

E.g.Benzopyrene, 2-ethoxyethanol, ethyl glycol,lead compounds

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CHEMICAL HAZARDS:

HEALTH EFFECT


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ANAESTHESIA & NARCOSIS

Depress the central nervous system

These chemicals will induce an effect similar to being drunk

Single exposure to a high concentration may result inunconsciousness or even death

E.g. of anesthetics and narcotics: Alcohol, acetone, methyl ethyl

ketone, ethers

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EFFECT


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SENSITIZING Allergic reaction to the skin and respiratory tract

May appear after repeated contact with a substance

Once induced, even very low doses can provoke a reaction E.g. skin sensitizers: epoxy resin, azo dyes, chromic acid

E.g. respiratory sensitizers: toluene diisocyanate, formaldehyde,

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EFFECT


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CORROSIVE Damage to the skin or tissue

E.g. Concentrated acids and alkalis

IRRITATION A condition that is aggravated when chemicals come into contact

with the skin, eyes or the respiratory tract

Inflammation of skin, eyes or respiratory tract

E.g. skin or eye irritants: Dilute acids, organic solvents

E.g. respiratory irritants: Ozone, phosgene, nitrogen oxide

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EFFECT


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ASPHYXIATION

Occurs as a result of interference of the respiratoryfunction

Diminished supply of oxygen to the blood and tissue SIMPLE ASPHYXIA

Methane, Ethane, Hydrogen, Helium

CHEMICAL ASPHYXIA

Carbon Monoxide, Hydrogen Sulphide, Hydrogen Cyanide

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EFFECT


19

ASPIRATION

Entry of a liquid or solid into the lungs either directly

through the mouth or nose or indirectly through vomiting

Once aspirated, small amounts of certain substances cansignificantly injure the lung

Aspiration toxicity occurs when the aspiration of a

substance results in severe acute effects, such as chemical

pneumonia, other pulmonary injury or death

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EFFECT


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ASPIRATION

Four principal families of chemicals have beenshown to pose aspiration toxicity:

ketones, hydrocarbons (including petroleum distillatesand turpentine), primary alcohols and carbontetrachloride

There is human evidence mainly for petroleum

products, turpentine, pine oil (a natural mixture ofterpene alcohols and hydrocarbons) and carbontetrachloride

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CHEMICAL HAZARDS:

DAMAGE TO ENVIRONMENT


21

Toxic to living organisms

Causing acute or chronic toxic effects to aquatic

organisms

E.g. benzidene, benzotrifluoride, bromobenzene

Persistent in the environment

Chemicals that are not biodegradeble

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CHEMICAL HAZARDS:

DAMAGE TO ENVIRONMENT


22

Bioaccumulation

Build-up of a chemical within an organism as a result of

exposure directly from ambient environment and/or via

the food chainMaterials that do not degrade very easily and/or not

metabolized to significant extent in the organism, e.g.

mercury

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ANTICIPATION OF HAZARDS

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ANTICIPATION OF HAZARD


24

Potentially Hazardous Molecular Groupings

Ammonia- toxicity & fire

Chlorinated HC- toxicity

Cyano compounds- toxicity

Double & triple bonds HC- fire & explosion Epoxides- explosion

Hydrides & hydrogen- explosion

Metal acetylides- explosion

Oxygenated compounds of halogen- explosion

Oxygenated manganese compounds- explosion Peroxides (& peroxidizable compounds)- fire & explosion

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)- Environmental

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs)- Environmental

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Potentially Hazardous Molecular Groupings

Nitrogen compounds- all explosion Amides and imides and nitrides

Azides

Azo- and diazo- and diazeno compounds

Diflouro amino compounds Halogen-nitrogen bond containing compounds

Hydrazine-derived nitrogen compounds

Hydroxy ammonium salts

Metal exolates

Nitrates (including ammonium nitrate)

Nitrites

Nitroso compounds N-methyl derivatives

Polynitro alkyl and aryl compounds

Sulphur-nitrogen bond containing compounds

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A B Hazardous events

Acids Chlorates

Chlorite & hypochloriteCyanides

Fluorides

Epoxides

Spontaneous ignition

Spontaneous ignitionToxic & flammable gas

generation

Toxic gas generation

Heat generation,

polymerization

Alkali Nitro compounds

Nitroso compounds

Easy to ignite

Easy to ignite

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Reactive Combinations of Chemicals

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Ammonium

salts

Chlorates

Nitrites

Explosive ammonium salts

formed

Combustibles Oxidizing agents

Anhydrous chromic

acid

Potassiumpermanganate

Sodium peroxide

Explosion






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Alkali metals Alcohols, glycols

Amides, amines

Azo- & diazo-

compounds

Flammable gas and heat

generation

Inorganic

sulphide

metals

Water

ExplosivesPolymerizable

compounds

Toxic & flammable gas

generation

Heat generation & explosionPolymerization & heat

generation



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CHEMICAL REGISTER/INVENTORY

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CHEMICAL INVENTORY/

REGISTER


30

List of chemical hazardous to health used, includes; Produced (product, by-product, intermediate, chemical

waste)

Processed (raw material , recycle) handled (cleaningagent, pesticide, synthetic detergent, chlorine)

Stored (solvents, raw material, chemical waste)

Disposed (chemical waste)

Treated (chemical waste, re-cycle chemical)

Transported (from storage to process)

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CHEMICAL INVENTORY/ REGISTER


31

Average quantity used, produced or stored monthly

or yearly which is applicable for each chemical

used

Information on process & location, where chemical isused

Name & address of chemical supplier

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CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION IN

MALAYSIA

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CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION IN

MALAYSIA


33

Industrial chemicals

Pesticides

Poisons Petroleum products

Major hazards

Scheduled wastes

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INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS- Classification

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL

PROPERTIES

DANGER

SYMBOL

HEALTHEFFECTS DANGER

SYMBOL

EXPLOSIVE VERY TOXIC

OXIDIZING TOXIC

EXTREMELY

FLAMMABLE

CORROSIVE

HIGHLY FLAMMABLE HARMFUL

FLAMMABLE IRRITANT


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PESTICIDES

Classification & Colour Code BandClass Hazard Class Colour

Band

Symbol Warning (in 4 locally used

languages)

Ia Extremelyhazardous

BLACK Keep away from food stuff &

children

Ib Highlyhazardous

RED -ditto-

II Moderatelyhazardous

YELLOW -ditto-

III Slightlyhazardous

BLUE -ditto-

IV Unlikely to behazardous

WHITE -ditto-

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CLASSIFICATION OF POISONS

-POISONS LIST ORDER 1983

PART I POISONS

Group A Poisons

Toxic & harmful drug

Group B Poisons

Prescription drugs

Group C & D Poisons Drugs not requiring doctors

prescription

PART II POISONS

Industrial &

laboratory poisons

31 substances/class of

substances

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CLASSIFICATION FOR SCHEDULED

WASTES


37

Explosive substance

Inflammable liquids

Inflammable solids

Spontaneously combustible solid Solid dangerous when wet

Oxidizing substances

Organic peroxides

Toxic substances Infectious substances

Corrosive substances

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HAZARD COMUNICATION

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WHAT IS HAZCOM?

HAZCOM stands for hazard communication

Communicating hazards to the users of chemicals so asto reduce the incidences of injury or poisoning or

diseases arising from the use of the chemical. Chemical hazards need to be evaluated and

information concerning their hazards transmitted toemployers & employees

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SCOPE OF HAZCOM

Labelling of containers

Safety data sheets

Warning signs

Training of employees

Comprehensibility testing

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Labelling

Industrial chemicals

CPL Regulations

Poisons

Poisons Act 1952 Pesticides

Pesticides Labelling Regulations

Scheduled wastes

Scheduled Wastes Regulations

MOSH CM 2010

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INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL LABELLING

CPL

PETROL TANPA PLUMBUMUNLEADED GASOLINE-Premium Grade

Hidrokarbon (Hydrocarbon)>60 % Benzen (Benzene)

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POISONS LABELLING

GENERAL

Name of poison or the synonym or abbreviatedname

The word Poison in red or red background

ON SALE (additional info.)

Name & address of seller

For Part I Poisons, Poisons and safety phrases

such as For external use to be in 4 languages For Part II Poisons, Poisonous: Not to be Taken

printed in 4 languages (i.e. Malay, English,Chinese, Tamil)

Poison

MOSH CM 2010

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PESTICIDES LABELLING

MOSH CM 2010

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SAMPLE SCHEDULED WASTE LABEL

CORROSIVE SUBSTANCES

(WASTE)

Documents

6-hazardID 2010