불교학리뷰_권8

Critical Review for Buddhist Studies

(ISSN 1975-2660) , , , . .

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( : 320-931) 14-9

www.gcbs.geumgang.ac.kr 041-731-3601~8 041-731-3603

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(Critical Review for Buddhist Studies)8 (2010. 12) 9p~41p

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Abstract

A Survey of the Studies on Korean-Japanese Buddhist Exchanges

from 7th-9th Century

CHOE, Yeonshik

Mokpo National University

Though Buddhist exchanges between Silla and Japan were very

vigorous, notably during the 7th and 8th centuries, much of the details have

not yet been studied exhaustively. This is not only due to the paucity of

historical records, but also a certain lack of interest in the topic.

However, already during the 1970s, the contours of relation between

Silla and early Japanese Buddhism beagn to emerge. Thus, during this

period it became clear that the collection of treaties had been transmitted

by monks who had studied in Silla, and a more general interest in the

general impact of Silla Buddhism on Japanese Buddhism arose.

Afterwards, research was conducted on the process of changes

concerning the belief in Shotoku Taishi and other topics, such as the

formation of a body of scriptures and developments in the production of

40 vol.8

statues, all under the influence of Silla Buddhism. Furthermore, through

the study of manuscript documents it was found that the establishment of

Todaiji and the formation of the Avatamsaka sect(Hwaeom jong) tradition

in the middle of the 8th century likewise occurred under the influence of

Silla Buddhism. In the 1980s, studies appeared which, based on ancient

Japanese materials, shed light on the deatails of the relation between Silla

Buddhism and Japanese Avatamsaka sect(Kegon shu). As a result, it

became clear that during the latter half of the 8th century Japanese

Avatamsaka sect was influenced by Wonhyo and Taehyeon as much as by

the Chinese master Fazang and that in 9th century also Uisangs thought

was received.

On the other hand, although it has been pointed out that also other Nara

traditions, notably the Yogcra tradition(Hosso shu), had a close relation

with Silla Consciousness-only thought in both centuries, no substantial

research on this phenomenon has been done. Given the importance of

Consciousness-only thought in both countries, these currents should be

given more attention.

Although already quite a few substantial studies on the Buddhist

exchange between the two countries have appeared, the results have not yet

fully known to the general audience. Both countries still understand

Buddhist history from the angle of their own traditions. However, as the

pertaining materials are very limited this approach likewise has clear

limitations. The comparison of Silla and Nara Buddhism will be very

instrumental for advancing the understanding of the individual traditions in

both countries.

7-9 41

Key Words: Nara period Buddhism, Silla Buddhism, Wonhyo, Avatamsaka

Thought, Consciousness only Thought, Tamura Encho

2010 11 5 2010 12 18 2010 12 20


( )

9-12 15 17

1890 30 . , (Lonavla) (Kaivalyadhama) (Descriptive Catalogue of Yoga Manuscripts) , 100 . , .

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. 9-12 15-16 17 1890 30 . , (Philosophico-Literary Research Department) 2)

3), 100 . , (Uiynakabandha), (Kumbhakapryma) (Mudrlakaam), (Mudrkrik), (Nicakrasvarpam) .

, 30 . , () , 4, 5, 10 , . (Gorakaataka)

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(Chr-istian Bouy) 1994 , (Les Nthayogin et les Upaniads). , . 14 () 17 .

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2003 (Khecarvidy of dintha) . , , , .

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(Gudrun Bhnemann) 2007 , 84 (Eighty-four sanas in Yoga) . 84 (Jogapradpak) , .

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7) 1988, (Jacques Gontier) .8) . (kualbodha

vin sarvayogopyn vaiyarthyd iti). Jyotsn. .1. (p. 73)

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. , 9-12 13-14 , 15-16 17-19 .

13-14 , 9) . 10) , .

1. (Yogayjavalkya, YoY)KDCYM 11) YoY (Grantha),

(Telugu) 14 1954 (Prahlad C. Divanji) (Kannada) 12) .

YoY (Yogayjavalkyagt)13), (Yogay-javalkyagtopaniad), (Yjavalkyasahit), (Yjavalkyasahitopaniad)

9) .10) 15 ,

.11) KDCYM, pp. 252-256.12) Divanji(1954) pp, 96-100.13) (Yuktabhavadeva) 8

(Yjavalkyagt) .

52 vol.8

. YoY . YoY()14) (Jyotsn) 15) (Madhva) (Sarvadaranasagrah) .16)

, YoY 1893(Bengali Savat 1300) (Venimadhav Nyayaratna) Yogi Yjavalkya. .17) 1901 (Manilal N. Divedi) r Yjavalkyasahitopaniat (Nadiad) 1902-03(savat 1959) Gujarati Printing Press Yjavalkya Sahit . YoY (Sri Sambha Siva Sastri) 1938 CXXXIV Yoga Yjavalkya. 500 YoY .18)

14) Hp 1.36 (matntare) .15) () .

recakalakaam ha yjavalkya - bahir yad recana vyor udard recaka smta iti. Jyotsn. .71. (p. 69, ll. 7-8). 6 25a .

16) Bouy(1994), p. 84.17) Divanji(1954), p. 100; , 1304(

1897) .18) 8 . Divanji(1954), p. 99.

53

, 5 16 1954 B.B.R.A Society . YoY 200-400 19) . YoY 13 14 20) YoY .21) , YoY .22) YoY , . .

KDCYM (British Museum, London) (MS. No. 3568) , 57 (Gupta) 9-11.23) 6-9 9 YoY . .

19) Divanji(1954), p. 105.20) Feuerstein(1990), p. 421.21) , YoY 14

. Bouy(1994), p. 84.22) YoY 8 10 , 11 , 14

.23) KDCYM .

Palm leaf, Devanagari & Gupta, 57 Folios, 28.7x3.7, 9th to 11th Centuries, 6, 27 missing, Oldes Sanskrit MS. in the Collection. KDCYM, pp. 354-5.

54 vol.8

.

YoY (Grg) , .

1(70) , , (yma) .

2(19) 10 (niyama) .3(18) 1-2 , 3-16

YoY 8 (svastika), (padma), (vra), (siha), (bhadra), (gomukha), (mukta), (mayra). 8( 6) . , . , YoY (Muktsana) . . (Mayrsana) .

3 17-18 (n) (pr-yma) .

4(72) . 15-20 (kanda) 21-24

55

, , . 25-46 (suumn), (i), (pigal), (vru), (alambu), (vivodar), (Kuh), (akhin), (yaasvin), (pu), (gndhr), (hastijihv) 11 47-72 (pra), (apna), (samna), (udna), (vyna), (nga), (kurma), (kkara), (devadatta), (dhanajaya) 10 .

5(22) , 17-21 (nduddhi).

6(82) (pryma) , (praka, ), (recaka, ) (kumbhaka, ) 2.

pryma iti prokto recapurakakumbhakai. YoY. .2b. Hp .prymas tridh prokto recaprakakumbhakai. Hp..71.

Hp tridh -, -, - .24) Hp YoY

24) Hp prakapryma, racakapryma, ( ) kumbhakapryma. Hp 8 (=prakapryma) .

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. YoY 4-11 Hp (nodhana) . , 33. kevale kumbhake siddhe recapraavarjitena tasya durlabha kicit triu lokeu vidyate, Hp. .73b- 74a .25) YoY .26)

7 10 8 (prtyhra), (dhraa), (dhyna), (samdhi) . 12 7 8-13 (nbhicakra) (suumn n) 2.

, YoY . YoY 9

(kumbhakapryma) . (2008) .

25) .kumbhake kevale siddhe recaprakavarjite.73bna tasya durlabha kicit triu lokeu vidyate .74a.

26) , .49 , .(recaka praka tyaktav skha yad vyudhraam prymo yam ity ukta sa vai kevalakumbhaka iti vsihasahitdau kevala-kumbhakasypi prymatvavacand iti)

57

14 .

2. (Yogastra, Yo)27) (Sanskriti) (Dattatreya)

334 . (Dattatreya) . (Feuerstein 2008, 832) Yo Hp 28) 13-14 .

KDCYM Yo 16 . (Yogakarik) (Da-

tttreyasahit) 29) KDCYM .

27) 3-4 (Hemacandra) . (dintha), (Ktyyana), (Kumbhripva Yog) . KDCYM, pp. 274-6 .

28) Hp (matntare) Yo . .rumadhye tathottnau p ktv tato dau|| (Hp. 1.45)nsgre vinyasedrjadantamle tu jihvya| uttambhya cibuka vakasyutthpya pavana anai|| (Hp..46)ida padmsana prakta sarvavydhivinanam| durlabha yenakenpi dhmat labhyate bhuvi|| (Hp.. 47) Yo 68,69,70,71,74,75 . Hp Yo (Bouy 1994, 82) Hp..64, .19, .18, 20 Yo 78-79, 83-84, 90-91, 133, 135-136, 263-264, 266-267 .

29) ex: III. 124-130, VIII, 72-73, IX. 8-9

58 vol.8

, . Gherae, Gorake Haharpadpe, Mrkaeyapure Yo .

, .

Datttreyagoraksiasavada (4)Datttreyatantra (5)Datttreyabodha (5)Datttreyasiddhisopna (1)

Yo (Brahma Mitra Awasthi) 1982 , 1985 (Amita Sharma) (Swami Keshawananda Yoga Institute) .

1985 Yo . , (naimiraya)

. 30) .

30) baddhapadmsansna nsgrrpitay d Yo. 9.

59

baddhapdamsana Yo baddhap-damsana (ru) .31) , Yo . Yo , .

(siddhsana)32) (Vysa) , .33) Yo , . , Yo .

(mantrayoga), (layayoga), (hahayoga), (rjayoga) .34) 12-30 , (adhamayoga) 12

31) rumadhyagatottnapniyugmena obhitam Yo. 10.32) (pryma) (mudr)

.33) 15 Hp .34) Yo 20-22 (arambha), (ghata), (paricaya),

(nipatti) .

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(alpabuddhi) . s 13-14 .

40-52 , (Dhynayoga). (nya) , , , .

52-56 (Karmayoga) 35) , , 8(agayoga) .36)

57-62 , Yo , , , , , , 8 .

63 8 . (yama) (niyama) (, laghvhra) .37) Yo

35) ... karmayoga tata ruu Yo. 51.36) yama ca niyma ca sana ca ca tata param Yo. 52.

pryma caturdha syt pratyhras tu pacama Yo. 53.tatas tu dhra praokt dhyna saptamam ucyate Yo. 54.samdhir aama prokta sarvapuyakalaprada Yo. 55.evam agayoga ca yjavalkydayo vidu Yo. 56.

37) laghvhras tu tev eko mukhyo bhabati npare Yo. 64ahims niyamev ek mukhy bhavati npare Yo. 65.

61

. 15 Hp. , Hp .38)

66-74 8 (sana) . Yo 840 (caturaitilaka)39) (dintha, = ) 40) 68-73 , 74 41) .

111-187 (prnyma) .42) 116-123 (Sahitakumbhaka) . Yo Hp (nodhana) . Hp (=) (kapalabhti) 43), (),

38) , [][ ] .yamev iva mithram ahis niyamev iva mukhya sarvsanev eka siddhsana vidu Hp..38.

39) 1 laka = 100,000, 84 laka = 8,400,00040) caturatalakeu sanettama ru Yo. 66.

dinthena samprokta yadsana ihocyate Yo. 67.41) ida padmsana prokta sarvavydhivinanam|| Yo. 74.42) pryma tata kuryt padmsanagata svayam Yo. 106.43) Hp 8

8 3 (, , ) . (2008), pp. 22-24 .

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(), () 8 (=) Yo .44)

124-154 156- 157 45) .

151-175 , , .

166-170 . 171-175 (praava, = o) .

176-187 , , .

188-221 8 (pratyhra), 222-244 (dhra) .

245-246 Yo -(saguadhyna) -(nirguadhyna) , .

247-250 - 12

44) Yo s . GhS , GhS ... 3 .

45) kevale kumbhake siddhe recaprakavarjite Yo. 146.

63

46) . Yo .47)

262 316 , , , , , , , . Hp. , . () Hp . , (vipartakara) Yo karaa vipartkhya .48) Yo 195 (adha ira cordhvapda) , () . 324-335 .

(Yog-arahasya). 49)

46) nirguadhynasampanta samdhi ca tato bhyaset. Yo. 247dinadvdaakenaiva samdhi samavpnuyt. Yo. 248.

47) vyu nirudhya meghv jvanmukto bhavet bhruvam. Yo. 249.samdhi samatvath jvtmaparamtmano. Yo. 250.

48) Hp Jyotsn. .51. (p. 91, l. 11) vipartakara GhS. III.1, 30 vipartakar mudr .

49) Benerji(1995), p. 300. .

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KDCYM (Paremevara Yogin) 2 2 .50)

3. (Matsyendrasahit, MaS)

. MaS 14 .

MaS 8. (Wellcome Institute for History of Medicine) . 2/9/9, 120 12, 6 22, 10 1858.51) , (National Archives) 3 (MS. Nos. 2/102, 5/2717, 5/6568)52) 55(paala) 1 20 1 . . (Jodhpur) Oriental Research Institite 4 , .53)

1 Yogdhyya 67, 2 Yogasiddhi 40, 3 Yogicary 26 , 1 (1995, pp. 300-307) .

50) KDCYM, p. 258.51) Sensharma(1994), p. 1.52) 38, 23, 15 .53) KDCYM .

65

MaS (dintha) (Khecarvidy, KhV) .54) KhV (Mallinson) MaS 29-30 (siddhimlik) (ra), (st) (Tamil) .55)

MaS .56)

55 20 .

1 134 .

2 67 , , (sana), (pryma), (pratyhra), (dhyna)

MS. no. 1782, Matyendrasahit, Paper/Devanagari, 1227.5, 179 folios, 10 lines, 31 akaras, complete, 19th.MS. no. 1783, Matyendrasahit, Paper/ Devanagari, 13.328.5, 172 folios, 11 lines, 30 akaras, Complete, 19th.MS. no. 1784, Matyendrasahit, Paper/ Devanagari, 1227.8, 52 folios, 11 lines, 61 akaras, Complete, 19th.MS. no. 1785, Matyendrasahit, Paper/ Devanagari, 1216.2, 15 folios, Complete, 19th.

54) KhV (KhV 2003), p. 6 .55) Mallinson(2007), p. 6.56) Mallinson(2007), p. 169.

66 vol.8

MaS 12 1. (Vra, .3) 2. (Krma, .5) 3. (Svastika, .7) 4. (Kukkua, .10) 5. (Mayra, .13) 6. (Vyghra, .15) 7. (Padma, .19) 8. (Vijaya, .21) 9. (Dha, .24) 10. (Gdhra, .27)11. (Siddha, .33) 12. (Vabha, .35),

.3 46 12

.

MaS . 900 (Vysa) Ysbh 12 . (Vysa) Yogastrabhya 4 3(, 57), ) (bhadrsana) (Siddhsana)58) . .

4 95 . MaS , , .59)

57) (Sensharma 1994) p, 21 valik(?) -sanam . sti li svastiksanam .

58) .

67

5(17) (pratyhra) 6(31) (dhra), 7(90) (dhynayoga) .

8(83) , (mldhra, 49), (svdhina, 52), (maipra, 55), (anhata, 56), (viuddha, 59), (aj, 70).

9(83) (nysa) 10(83) , 11(57) (khecr), (dpa), (ga) 12(61) , 13(41) (nysa) .

14(79) 15(83) 16(144) (nd) .

17(60) .

18(72) 19(27) (dhynayoga) (kula) 20(31) .

, 2004 (Csaba Kiss) MaS .60)

4. (Khecarvidy, KhV)

59) recaka praka caiva kumbhaka ca prakrtita MaS. . 8b.60) Mallinson(2007), p. 169 19.

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2003 (Routledge) . 28 .

KhV 4(paala) 284 . KhV (dintha)61) 14.

KhV (khecarmudr) , 2 82a, 3 54a . Yo, MaS Hp. s KhV . (amta) (bindu) .62) KhV .

.1 77 31

61) . iti rmad dinthaprokte mahklayogastre ummahevarasavde khecarvidyy caturtha patala. 1-3 , .

62) Hp. .42 . [] () .khecary mudrita yena vivara lambikordhvata na tasya karate bindu kminy leitasya ca

69

, 32-44 (khecarmantra) . 45-49 ,

(saindhava) (pathya) 7 6 .63) .64) 65-69 , (brahmadvra) (amta) . 70-77 .

2 124 . (amta)

7 (kal, ) . 19-45 .

(kedrakal, 19-21b): (soma) , (amta), (mnad), (p),

63) (romamtra) .snuhpatranibha astra sutkaa snigdhanirmalamsamdya tats tena romamtra samucchinet KhV..43 , .7 .cchitv saindhavapathybhy crnitbhy pragharayetpuna saptadine prpte romamtra samucchinet KhV..44. 6 6 (rasanmlair) .eva kramea amsa nityod yukta samcaretamsdrasanmulairbandha praayatiKhV..45.

64) .... svagurktaprakrea ... KhV. .41.

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(tui), (pui), (rati), (dhti), (ain). 8 8 .

(somamaalakal, 22b-25a): (bhrumadhya) (candrik), (knti), (jyotsn), (r). 4 .

(khecaramaalakal, 25b-29b): (tadrdhava vajrakandakhya)65), (prti), (agad), (pra) . 3 , .

(rjadantakal, 29b-32a): (nsikdho dharoordhva), (prmta), (tal) . . 3 .

(dhrakal, 32a-40a): (gudabjnta), (sudh), (sudhmay), (praj), (klaghn), (jnadyin) . ( )

65) ( )

71

. 5 .

(svdhihnakal, 40b-43a): (liga), (suskm), (paramlhda), (vidy) . 3 .

(veudaakal, 43b-45a): (gudamehrntara).

45a-48 (pigala) (i) 49-71 (parmta) 72-79 (mardana) .

80-81 82-101a 4 (bhaa) 4 (naa) .

101b-119 120-124 (paca sahaja) (kualiniakti) (suumn), (jihv), (tlusthna) (brahmasthna).

3 69 . 1-14 , (prasuptabhujagkr)

72 vol.8

(9). 15-40a 40b- 47 () , 48-55a (svtmany evvatihate) , , , , , , . 55b-69 , .

4 14 .

. 15-16

15-16 . . (pryma), (mudr) . 17-18 .

1. (andasamuccaya, nS)nS (Nagapur)

(Sadashiva L. Katre) 1961-2 , nandasamuccaya: A Rare Work on Haha-yoga .

73

nS (Ujjain) (Scindia Oriental Institute) MS. no. 10013 , 14 26cm 10.8cm, 14 42 .66) rsarvajya nama , (o) .67) aS (Paramu) (Samuccaya) .68)

, nS Aufrecht Catalogue Catalogorum .69) (Jaina Granthvali) nS H. D. Velankar (Jinaratnakoa) nS .70) nS , savat 1556( 1500) (Bhaippanik) .71) AnS 1,300 .72)

66) Katre(1961-2), p. 407.67)

. Katre(1961-2), p. 408.68) iti rmadnandasamuccaybhidhna yogaastra samptam cha

. iti rsamucchiyaviracite nandasamuccaybhidhne yogastre sthnakaprakaraa samptam1 o yogastre siddhiprakaraamm7, etc.

69) Katre(1961-2), p. 415.70) Katre(1961-2), p. 415.71) Katre(1961-2), p. 415.72) Katre(1961-2), pp. 415-6.

74 vol.8

8(prakaraa) 277 .

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aS , Hp .77) 5 6 84 84 .

16(kal), 16(kal)

73) i, ya, kuh, pigal, gajajihvm, ulmuk, suumn, p, gndhr, akhin. Katre(1961-2), p. 408.

74) pra, kkara, krma, udna, dhanajaya, nga, samna, vynam apna, devadatta. Katre(1961-2), p. 408.

75) dyotin, lakmaan, puin, kmin, vsnin, mohin, satoi, vartin, kumudin, prahasin, hldin, kauavat, pyyini, viksin, somin, amtin. Katre(1961-2), p. 408.

76) pracan, dahan, aru, jvalan, ikhiprabh, tapan, dpan, jyotin, suprabh, oi, suvaraprabh, vidyutprabha. Katre(1961-2), p. 408.

77) Katre(1961-2), p. 410.

75

3 9 .78)

2. (ivasahta, s)s 1914-5 (Raibahdur rachandra Vasu)

1979, 1981, 1984 . . . 13 ( ) 1999 2009 . 2009 2007, (James Mallinson) 1999 .79)

s 17-18 . s 17 18 80) .

s 1994 (Bouy) , s Hp . s 15 Hp

78) Katre(1961-2), p. 410.79)

.80) Feuserstein(1990), p. 335.

76 vol.8

.81) (Mallinson) , 2007 s s 1300-1500 . s 1500 s 1623 (Bhavadeva Mira) (Yuktabhavadeva) 1600 (ivnanda Sarasvati)(Yogacintamani) .82) , s 1300 , s 13 (Dattatreya) Yo .83) s , 15 Hp 13-14 .

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82) Mallinson(2007), p. 10.83) Mallinson(2007), p. 10.84) YoY 11 3 .

77

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85) gudt tu dvaya guld rdhva mehrdho dvaya gult paramcatura gulavistram dhra vartate samam s. . 21.

86) tatra vidyullatkr kual paradevatsrddhatrikar kuil skm bhujagasa-nibh s. . 23.

87) . (kandordhve kual akti supt mokya yoginm Hp. .107a.), Hp .[ ] 12 [] 4 (mdula) , .(rdhva vitastimtra tu vistra caturagulam mdula dhavala prokta veitmbara-lakaam Hp..113.)

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90) hdi prno gude pna samno nbhimadaleudna kahadee syd vyna sarvaarraga s. .7.

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93) dehvasdaharaa pacimottnasajaka s.. 109.

80 vol.8

16 . s (siddha), (padma), (pacimottna), (svastika) . , 115 (sukhsana) .94)

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tath s. . 23.uyna caiva vajrol daama akticlanamida hi mudrdaaka mudrm uttamottamam s. . 24.

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(Tara Michal) 15 , . 1940 6 (P. K. Gode) Hp 1631 , Hp .

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Hp . 1915 (Allahabad) Pancham Sinh Hahayogarpadpik( Hp(Pc) ) 1893 Tookaram Tatya(ed.) rnivsa Iyngar(tr.)

102) 300 4, 6, 6, 3, 1, 2 15 .

103) Vrajabhaa: 185(C-a) 757 rsaccidarma : 41(C-a) 4373 Blaka : 60(C-a) 1915(2228)

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Bombay 1915, 1948 , 1972 2000 (Adyar Library and Research Center) .104) No. PM1431(Catalogue No. 134) Hahayogapradpik with comm. -Jyotsn (P, Devangar. 3013.5 91. 12. 50. C. G(1832) , Jyostn .

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88 vol.8

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92 vol.8

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, 3, 65-103.

2010. (Hahayoga) 84(sana): , 15 1, 101-156.

. : (acakranirpaa)(1), 7. 2004.11. pp. 67-90.

103

Abstract

A Study on the Hahayoga Literatures - based on 13th-16th c. Literatures

Park, Young-Gil

Geumgang University

From the dawn of 9 12 centuries through the apogee of 15th century to 17th century, the amount of the Hahayoga literature is supposed to have been enormous. Since 1890, however, there have been publications of about

30 works until now, the entire scale of the literature still incomprehensible.

Recently, the publication of the Descriptive Catalogue of Yoga Manusc-

ripts at Kaivalyadhama of Lonavla has enabled us to surmise the approxi-

mate scale of the literature.

Including manuscripts in various rams, whose catalogues still not

open to the public, other manuscripts missing even in catalogues, and

private collections still to be located, however, above 100 texts remain

dormant in closed areas. Therefore, research on the Hahayoga literature, including excavations of texts and textual criticism of them, is urgently

needed.

104 vol.8

Besides, the study on the Hahayoga literature has been limited severely until now. For the 100 years until now, there have been publications of

about 10 research works of academic worth, while there has not been even

rough introduction of the literature, excluding the early and popular texts

of Gorkantha. This article, first of all, purports to deal with the characteristics and main

contents of the Hahayoga literature, investigating their construction from 13th century to 16th century.

Key Words: Hahayoga, 13th-16th c. Literatures, Manuscript, Philology

2010 12 10 2010 12 18 2010 12 20

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2) (2009c), pp.133-144 . ( ) (2001, p.62) .

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(7), ( ) . , (, uddea, , ) (, nirdea, , ) .3) (, *ekys Drntika) (strapramak, ) (Sautrntika) . (prama) ( ) .4)

3) (2009c), pp.154-160 . (2007), p.93 .

4) (prama) (Sautrntika) 20 . (1989, p.89-91) , , , (, de bonne apparence) . (1992a, p.148f) Sautrntika Sautrntika , ( ) . (1996, p.154) , (2003, p.10f) (strapramak vaya) (ye stra- pramik na stra-pramik te Sautranntik.: AKVy., p.11, 29f)

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( ) (stra) . 7 () ,5) . ( ) 6) , .

. R. (Kritzer: 2003, p.380) (fanciful theory) . ( ) . (nyya) ( , ), , .

5) (1953), p.116. ; (1992), p.149. ; Honjo Yoshifumi(2003), p.324. ; (1989), p.92.

6) () . (): , , . , .--().(T29, 540b10-13) . , , , ? , ! (489b25-27)--(489c20f). : , , , , , .(600a22-24). mnya() . [3] .: Trantha's History of Buddhism in India, p.92. The scripture of the Sautrntikas, at period, were the series of gama works(lung dpe phreng ba: gama-grantha-ml), the Pitakadhara-mui (sde snod 'dzin pa'i dpe mkhyud), etc. ( , -- , p.98 )

113

[T29, 332a23f], [488a13; 495c20], [495c20; 540b13ff], ( )[538b6f], ( )[488a18], ( )[630a10] , .

5 ? ? . , . / , ?

. (4 ) . [] (Kumralta, ) (, *Sautrntika mula-crya)(= ), (Harivarman) (= ) , .

19 (Dnta pakti)(M. H. Lders, Bruchstcke des Kalpanmaitik

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des Kumralta, 1926, Berlin: 90 75) , , , , , () . (dnta) .(46)

(), () ( , : T32, 242b14f).7)

7) . , . (Ktynputra: ) (T55, 78b), (T45, 3b25-c1) , , () , , () , (), , , , , , , () . (1961) , ( ) ,

115

.8)

( . ) , (1930, p.155) , , , .( .: , , p.199) (1978, p.7) (1999, p.3) . (1990a, p.71; 1990b, p.13) , , , , (=) . (1989, p.83, pp.218-221) , .( : 2000b, pp.158-163; 51 ) (2000a, p.559) . () . ( ) . .( 4 )

8) (2009c), pp.160-163 . (1936, p.180) , (1989, p.65; pp.188-190) , . (T29, 114c8-11) (Pravardhana)

crya rlta , ( , ?: T29, 114c16f) crya crya Sthavira Kumralta(Derge crya Sthavira Kumralta)

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, () 9) . ( - 3) (, Rma) ,10) (*Sthavi-rapkika) (Vasuvarman, ) ,11)

crya rlta crya() Sthavira Kumralta , . ( , Peking ) . . , .

9) (2009a; 2009b) .10) 25(T29, 482b5ff), , (), , : --.

(, 1, 306b22), . . . . (1998), - . 8 , , , / , (pp.28-29) / ( ) (p.36, 26) . , = = ( R. ) . . (2004, pp.121-122) , .

11) 25(T29, 482c3), --. 9(T29, 50c26-28) (apare) , (T41, 171c11)

117

. (Paripcch) (Vasumitra) ,12) . ( ) , / / .

, / .

II.

1. (*Kumraarman) (*alya)

, (AKVy., p.297, 27) stavira-Vasuvarm( ).12) 5(T29, 25c26-28).

(T32, 784a2-6) , (T29, 403a21-24) , (T41, 100b7-c2) ( ) (T27, 774a14-17) . (AKVy., p.167, 21-22) (Pacavastukta)( T28 ) , .

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.13) (p.311) : [] Kumraarman. . 25 . . . . (25)(T54, 769b) , .

: , . : [] ,

.. . . . . .

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( /) . . .

69 ( ) . , .

[ ]

13) Kumraarman (p.311) ( 28, p.38 31) , alya (7, p.298 19: ) . .

119

. .

(, , ?) : , . , , , .[T27, 358b11-14]

? , .

[ ] , [ ] . . [] , . .

(, ?) : , . . . , , . .[T27, 358b27-29]

14) . , . (dnta) .

14) [T29, 42b20-22], 5 .[T29, 460b29-c2] (), .[T29, 460b11-461a12]

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: [ ] , [ ] . [] .

(: , ?) : , . , .[T27, 105a28-b4]

: [ ] . [ ] . , .

(: , ?) : . ? . . , .[T28, 86a2-5]

() () [T27, 42c11-14] ,15)

15) 9(T27, 43c4-7), : , ? : . . , . () , () . () ()

121

, [312b8-14] ( ) .16)

, , () . , , 7 , .

, .

. . , .[T27, 358c13-14]

, , , ( ) .

16) 60(T27, 312b24-28), : , , ? : . ? , , . . , . , . [] , [T27, 356c24f] .[357a29ff]

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. (, hetu) (, pratij, paka) 1 (, dnta) 23 . dnta () (da) (anta) , , ().17) , .

(avadna, apadna: 12 ) ava(away, off, down)-d(to bind) , , , .18) (1954, p. 127) avadna , dnta aupamya(/) . (J. Przylusky: 1940, p.250) dnta avadna . , (metaphor) .

/ (dnta) . (Dnta

17) 1.3.1(: 1996, p.319). 12.; 1.1.25(: p.299; p.357) . dnta , () . , . , . , . , , , .[T31, 771b25-28]

18) (1954), p.19f. (avadna) [] (, , , ).[T29, 595a14-16]

123

pakti)( ) , , , , . [T27, 782b18f] ,19) 5 ( ) [ ] [383b16-21], () ,20) .

. ( ) . () (15),

19) 154(T27, 782b19-22), : , ? : , . . , . , , (, ).

20) 15(T29, 82b12ff) () ( 5 : 82c1ff) , [] () , (ryate: AKBh., p.232, 8f; : , T29, 82b17ff; : , T29, 238c6ff; kila: AKVy., p.394, 9) . 114(T27, 592a24-593b3) .

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. .

[ ] . [ ] . [ ] , , , .

(, ?) : . ? . . . . .[T28, 265c10-12]

.

2.

. [T49, 16c7] ()

125

( ) ( ) [ ] , , .21) .

(Dharmasubhti) [] . , [] ( ) [] ? .

: [] , . . [] , .

: , . , . .[T27, 361c3f]

: [ ] .

21) 79(T29, 410b24-29), : , ? : , . , . , , . , . , . , . (T49, 15b28) .

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[ ] . [ ] , , , .

(?) : . ? . . . . .[T28, 267c6-8]

( : T27, 916b22f) ( Dharmasubhti ) [] [ ] ,22) (T27, 866b16-17) .23)

(Dharmasubhti) [AKBh., p.124, 10f; p.164, 16f; T29, 46a4f; 58c19f], kvya( , ) , kavi( kvya-kart, ) .

22) 183(T27, 917a9-12), : , , ? : . ? . . , .

23) 72(T27, 866b22-25), : , , ? : , . . , . , ?

127

[ ] , , , . kvya . kvya (kavi) (samropit, ) (bhva) .

naitad avayanetavyam / na hy etat stra na vinaya nbhidharma / kvyam etat / kavn ca kvya samyojanat kecit bhv samropit gacchanti.(AKBh., p.124, 12f)

: [ ] , [ ] . [ ] (kvya) .

(, ?) , . , .[T29, 46a6f]

: [ ] . [ ] . [ ] (kvya) . (kavi) .

(, ?) . ? . . , .[T29, 202c15-17]

,24) (kvya)

24)

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, (Dhrmikasubhti, chos-ldan rab-byor) (Mtcea) 7 ,25) (Buddha-carita)(I. 20) ( ) .26)

(nyya)(yukta) (dnta) ( : 28) (kvya, ) , (yuktavdin , trkika) (kavi, kvya-kart) .27)

[T49, 15c8], . .(, , p.21, 78)

25) Trantha, p.131f.; , p.147.26) (1968), p.4.

( ) , . (1993), ; (1987), ; (1984), . (1993, p.28) . 61) .

27) kvya(p.345) ; , kavi(p.330) ; .

129

( ) , .28)

() , ( )

28) (kvya, ) ? 4 (16) , (, T7, 826c24f; , T8, 564b27; kavi kta kavyam, Aa praj., 674) , 14(T9, 37a23) (kvya stra) . (T32, 244c24f) (, geya) , [] , kvya . kvya . 126 (lipi)(mudra)(gaan)(kvya)(sakhy) [] kvya 5 , 126(T27, 660c20-27) . () () . (, , ?), , , , ( ) , () . () () , . ( ) 12 (geya, : ) (gth, : ) , .: ( ) (gth) (loka) , , .[T32, 245a9-12]

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III.

1. .

15(T27, 76c16-77a12) 4 () () . (T28, 63a16-b8) ( ) ( ) , (T30, 42a20ff) 3( ) (pradhna: prakti) ,29) .

. (apare) () 4 ()

29) (1944, p.155) (*Nyyasoma or Nayasoma) 3 . (T32, 256a28: ) 16() , (T4, 258c17: ) (), () , (T31, 164c29ff: ) () . 3 (1989), pp.97-106 .

131

, , , 12 , [] ,30) (Sthiramati), (Pravardhana), (Yaomitra: AKVy., p.465, 24; 31) (bhadanta) (Rma) .31)

[T29, 619a8 -16] . (vykaraa) ( ) () [] 4 .

.: [ ] () , (*paripcch-lakaa).

.: , .[T29, 619b9] ( ) ,

30) (T29, 103b9f; 12-14; 16-18).; AKBh., pp.292, 19-293, 4.31) (1998), p.25.

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[ ] .: [ ] ,34) [ ] [ ] . () . , , [] .

: [], . . . , .[T29, 619c12-15]

() [ ] () [] (, , , , .: T29, 619c24f) 4 , .( 59 )

? () ,

34) , . () () ? .

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, ? . , . , ----, , . , .--()--

[]. , ? , ? , [ ] , . [] , ? , ? , 12 , , ( ) , .35)

35) ? , , .[T29, 620a1-2]--()--, : ! , . . ? : , , . , , . . ,

135

() (. : T29, 619b9f) .

, () , . [] [ ] () , (*saaya-lakaa).

, , , . , , , , , .[T29, 619b10-13]

, ? [ ] () . , . () 4 , , [ ] [ (=)

, . , , .[620a5-13]--()--. : , ? , ? , . : , ? : ? , . , .[620a16-20]

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(=)] .

2. 5

? . () , , ? 58 (T4, 551bc) 4 ( : 30 ) , () .

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37) pratij(p.958) , , , , paka(p.718f) , , , .

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(1) (2) : ( sattva) () , .

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38) (1999, p.86 8) *stra-mukha-varga , (mukha , , ) () .

39) (5) ( .

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44) (T27, 885b9-12) [][] . (T30, 500c13ff) ()()() () ( : ) , (hetu-vidy) (/ )()()( )()()( ) (7) (vda-mrga, , ) , () (abda-vidy, ) . 7 15(T30, 356a11-360c20).; 7(T31, 693b13-c27) 16(T31, 771a14-772c6).; 11(T31, 531a14-535b23).; , , pp. 118-143.; (1989), pp.79-97 .

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Abstract

Essay on *Kumraarman()s Wensong(, kvya) and

*alya()s Lunmen(, *vda-marga)

Kwon, Oh-min

Gyeongsang National University

In the history of Buddhist thought, Sautrntika/Drntika is still behind a veil. This assay is the speculation of their origin and development

through *Kumraarmans Wensong() and *alyas Lunmen() referred by Saghabhadra. Following are summaries.

1. Saghabhadra referred *Kumraarmans Wensong and *alyas Lunmen in the nuance that theyre Sthavira rltas previous master(so to

speak prvcrya) on the Abhidharmanyynusrastra, as he reproached the rltas critique to the theory of five cause of the Sarvstivda.

2.1. According to the Abhidharmamahvibhastra Wensong() is beyond the truth because it is discussion of style which explain tripiaka of

163

the holy truth by the worldly metaphors(dnta), or which is like a hymn to Buddha that poet himself integrated in exaggerating metaphors. And

according to the Abhidharmakoabhya the latter one is translated words of kvya.

2.2. In light of these Wensong is the worldly truth distinguished the holy

truth, so to speak metaphors, fable etc style like a Kumraltas Kalpan-maitik(or Mahlakrastrastra) or kvya style like a Avaghoas Buddhacarita. Thus kavi() *Kumraarman which Saghabhadra referred could be inferred that it is forerunner of Drntika, Sthavira rlta etc.

3.1. *alya is referred in an episode of sthpanya-vykaraa(a question which one should not answer), in the course of discussing about

four kinds of dialogue methods() in the Abhidharmamahvibha. And *alyas definition of question in his treatise(stra) is quoted in the course of discussion talking about dialogue methods between Sagha-bhadra and someone(Rma, according to Yaomitra etc) in the Abhidhar-

manyynusra. 3.2. A Lunmen() according to Harivarman, mean ways of discussion,

and his the theory of Two Truth() is based on the way of worldly common() and the way of ultimately truth() which are one of ways. Following this Self exist(savti-satya) or Self do not exist (paramrtha-satya), those words are all possible.

3.3. *alya also says that none of them arent denied based on two meanings in his definition of question. (So his Lunmen too could be about

ways of discussion/dialogue.) Rma who told this also said Self can be

164 vol.8

what exist or what do not exist, Harivarman and Kumralta explained

these through metaphor of tiger put his cub on his mouth()4.1. Drntika on the Abhidharmamahvibha neither did only use

metaphor(dnta) nor did use a lot more metaphor than any other sects, although they criticized Sarvstivdas holy truth(tripiaka) by the metap-hors. Nevertheless they were called Drntika is because it originated from kavi like *Kumraarman.

4.2. Drntika on the Abhidharmamahvibha and the Abhidharm-anyynusra has no little discordance. Saghabhadra also call Dr-ntika not only in singular term but also in specific term and generic term,

or indicate Sthavira rlta as some present Drntika. So Drntika on the Abhidharmamahvibha is not Sautrntika directly, and Drntika also maybe not the singular pedigree.

4.3. Presumably, in Drntika there are at least kavi() pedigree of worldly metaphors(dnta) which succeed to *Kumraarman- Kumralta/Avaghoa, pedigree that emphasize a method of discussion/ dialogue which succeed to *alya-Vasumitra(the author of Paripcch)- Harivarman(-Rma), Sautrntika pedigree which succeed to *Kumra-arman/alya-some Drntika on the Abhidharmamahvibha-Sthavira rlta-Sthavirapkika such as Rma/Vasuvarman. Although these three have different pedigrees and views, they had common basis, Drntika, so their relevance may not be denied.

4.4. However considering their prominent tendency, Kumralta and

Avaghoa continuously succeeded tendency of Wensong(kvya), a worldly metaphors(dnta). In contrast to Harivarman claiming all existence are

165

empty() according to the way of ultimately truth, Sthavira rltas sect denied theory of Buddha-sana of the Sarvstivda, and

called themselves as Sautrntika under the motto of we only take the

stras which revealed by Buddha himself as a valid means of cognition.

Key Word: (*Kumraarman), (*alya), (kvya), (*vda-marga), (Drntika), (Sautrntika), (Kumralta), (Harivarman), (Sthvira rlta), (Rma), (kavi), (dnta)

2010 11 30 2010 12 18 2010 12 20

* 2007 () (KRF-2007-361-AM0046)


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Abstract

Re-presentation of the Hagiography of Buddha as an East-Asian Development of

Buddhism: In the Chapter of Wonhyos Unboundedness in the Samguk Yusa

Seok Gilahm

HK Professor, Geumgang University

In a cultural contact, the process of cultural assimilation and indigenization

is a natural phenomenon, which often appears in the case of Buddhism as a

religious tradition through the re-presentation of the hagiography of Buddha.

This re-presentation enhances the consciousness of the Buddha who have

come near us, thus counterbalancing cultural distance and seeking effecti-

veness in religious edification and salvation. Re-presentation of the hagio-

graphy of Buddha as a cultural process appears as a

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