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2005 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Slide 1

941 ZIG

ZigBee Protocol Hands-on

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2005 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Class Slide 2

Class Objectives

Provide high level familiarity with ZigBee

protocol.

Experiment with the Microchip ZigBee stackwith hands on experience.

Understand current status and future plansfor the ZigBee stack.

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Agenda

What is ZigBee Protocol?

ZigBee Fundamentals

Exercise 1 ZigBee Devices

ZigBee Networking

Communication over ZigBee Network

Exercise 2

Dynamic Networking Exercise 3

Hardware

Designing with ZigBee Protocol

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4/84 2005 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Class Slide 4

What is ZigBee Protocol?:

ZigBee Alliance

The ZigBee Alliance is an association ofcompanies working together to enable

reliable, cost-effective, low-power, wirelessly

networked, monitoring and control productsbased on an open global standard.

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What is ZigBee Protocol?:

ZigBee Focus Simplicity

Reliability Low cost

Low power

Interoperability

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Standard wireless network stack

Based on IEEE 802.15.4

Defined by ZigBee Alliance

Simple, flexible data transfer

Low cost (< $10, 14-28KB)

Low power (low duty cycle)

Short range network ~100m outside, line-of-site

~30m inside

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What is ZigBee Protocol?:ZigBee Target Applications

ZigBee

Monitors Sensors Control, automation

Security Lighting HVAC

Access, closures

Remote monitors Remote meter reading

Monitors Diagnostics

RF Remotes

Portable gaming PC Peripherals

Security Lighting Appliance control, HVAC Access, closures

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10,000

1,000

100

10

1

1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000

CellularTechnologiesGSM, GPRS

CellularTechnologiesGSM, GPRS

WLAN TechnologiesIEEE802.11

WLAN TechnologiesIEEE802.11

Data Rate (kbps)

Range(meters)

ZigBeeIEEE 802.15.4

BluetoothBluetooth

ProprietaryProprietary

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Agenda


ZigBee Fundamentals


ZigBee Networking


Exercise 2

Dynamic Networking Exercise 3

Hardware


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ZigBee Fundamentals:

ZigBee Terminology Attribute

A single data value

A switch value (on/off)

A temperature value

A percentage The units and data type are predefined

Attribute OnOff

ON

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ZigBee Terminology Cluster

A group of one or more attributes

An attribute is in only one cluster

All attributes within the cluster must be

supported

Cluster OnOffCluster

Attribute OnOff

ON

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ZigBee Terminology Device Description

Description of a device that is part of a largertarget application

Contains one or more clusters

Specifies if the clusters are inputs or outputsDevice - Switch

Output Cluster OnOffCluster

Attribute OnOff

ON

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ZigBee Terminology Device Profile

A collection of device descriptions for a targetapplication

Device - Light

Input Cluster OnOffCluster

Attribute OnOff

ON

Device - Switch


Attribute OnOff

ON

Profile Lighting Control

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Terminology Quiz What is it?

Attribute

Cluster

DeviceDescription

Profile

Dimmer Switch

Initial Switch Configurations

On/Off

Light Brightness

Home Control, Lighting Complete System Status

Current Draw

Occupancy Sensor

Building Automation

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ZigBee Terminology Endpoint

User-defined group of clusters, as required forimplementation of a device description

Allows implementation flexibility

Device - Switch

Endpoint EP7 (users choice)


Attribute OnOff

ON

Device - Light


Input Cluster OnOffCluster

Attribute OnOff

ON

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ZigBee Terminology Node

A group of ZigBee devices sharing a singleradio

Node

RFTransceiver

Device - Switch



Attribute OnOff

ON

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Terminology Quiz 2Device

Endpoint

Output Cluster

Input Cluster

Output Cluster

Endpoint

Device

Endpoint

Output Cluster

Input Cluster

Output Cluster

Endpoint

Node

RFTransceiver

Endpoint

Attribute

Attribute

Attribute

Attribute

Attribute

Attribute

Attribute

Attribute

Attribute

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ZigBee Fundamentals:ZigBee Architecture (Why Have Endpoints?)

MAC (IEEE 802.15.4)

SSP SecurityServiceProvider

PHY (IEEE 802.15.4) 2.4 GHz 868/915 MHz

Routing

Management

NWK Security

Management

NWK - Network Layer

MCPS-SAP MLME-SAP

...

APS SecurityManagement

APS MessageManagement

Application Support Sublayer (APS)

Security Mgmt.

NWK Mgmt.

Device Mgmt.

Binding Mgmt.

ZDO ZigBee Device Objects

...

APSME-SAP

Endpoint 0

APSDE-SAP

Endpoint Multiplexing

NLDE-SAP NLME-SAP

SSPInterface

PD-SAP PLME-SAP

ZDOMgmt.Plane

APSME-S

AP

NLM

E-SAP

NWK

Management

APS SecurityManagement

Application (APL) Layer

IEEE 802.15.4defined Layers

ZigBeeTM Alliancedefined Layers

ZigBeeTM Alliancedefined Profilesand/or user definedprofiles andapplication code

Layerfunction

Layerinterface

Application Framework (AFG)

ApplicationObject

Endpoint

240

ApplicationObject

Endpoint 1

Your Code Here

ZD

Op

ublicinterface

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ZigBee Based Lighting ControlZigBee Alliance has defined a Home Control,Lighting profile.

In this profile, they define the following devices:

Switch Remote Control

Switching Load Controller

Dimmer Remote Control

Dimming Load ControllerOccupancy Sensor

Light Sensor Monochromatic

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Home Control, Lighting The Profile defines the cluster OnOffSRC Attribute OnOff

Defined values are On=0xFF, Off=0x00, orToggle=0xF0.

For the Switch Remote Control (i.e. a switch),

ZigBee defines one mandatory output cluster OnOffSRC

For the Switching Load Controller (i.e. a light),

ZigBee defines one mandatory input cluster OnOffSRC

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ZigBee Based Lighting Control

OnOff = On

OnOff = Off

OnOff = On

OnOff = Off

OnOffSRC.OnOff = Off

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EP9 EP5

ZigBee Fundamentals:Application Concept

EP1 EP2 EP3 EP4

Lamp Radio

Switch Radio

How do you link the correct switches and lights?

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EP9 EP5

ZigBee Fundamentals:Binding

EP1 EP2 EP3 EP4

Coordinator

or Router

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EP9 EP5

ZigBee Fundamentals:Binding

EP1 EP2 EP3 EP4

Binding Table

Coordinatoror Router

EP3, EP4EP5

EP1, EP2EP9

DestSrc

End_Device_Bind_req

Bind_req

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Agenda


Foundation of ZigBee Fundamentals


ZigBee Networking

Communication over ZigBee Network Exercise 2

Dynamic Networking

Exercise 3

Hardware


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Exercise 1

Bind your S2 switch to yourneighbors D1 LED usingEnd_Device_Bind_req

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Exercise 1 :Using End_Device_Bind_req

1. Agree who will be the light(s) and who will be the switch.2. Open the corresponding project and set your MAC address

in zigbee.def

3. If you are the switch, program and run your application.Make sure you start a network.

4. If you are a light, program your application. After theswitch starts the network, run your application. Make sure

you join the network and get a short address.5. When a switch and a light are ready, each press RB5

within 5 seconds of each other.6. If binding is successful, the switch can control the lights

RA1 LED with its RB4 switch.7. Repeat steps 4-7 for any other lights. Note how the switch

controls all of the lights with one button press.8. Look at how the SendEndDeviceBindReq function is set

up to send the End Device Bind request.

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Agenda


ZigBee Fundamentals


ZigBee Networking


Dynamic Networking

Exercise 3

Hardware


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ZigBee Devices:

IEEE 802.15.4 Devices The IEEE specification defines two types of

wireless devices

Full Function Devices

Reduced Function Devices

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ZigBee Devices:Full Function Device

Supports majority, if not all, of the ZigBee

services Capable of peer-to-peer connection

Can allow other devices to join the network

Usually mains powered

Transceiver needs to be always on

Requires relatively large amount of programand data memory

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ZigBee Devices:Reduced Function Device

Supports limited ZigBee services Must join the network through an FFD May communicate only via the FFD it joined to

Can be battery powered Low duty cycle

Can keep transceiver off when idle

Requires less program and data memory

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ZigBee Devices

The ZigBee Specification defines three typesof devices

ZigBee Coordinator

ZigBee Router

ZigBee End Device

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ZigBee Devices:ZigBee Coordinator

Always a Full Function Device

Supports all ZigBee services Includes binding and routing

Capable of peer-to-peer connection Forms the network

Accepts/Rejects new network members

Mains powered

Transceiver is always on

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ZigBee Devices:ZigBee Router

Always a Full Function Device

Extends physical reach of the network byallowing other nodes to join the networkthrough it

Supports all ZigBee services Includes binding and routing

Capable of peer-to-peer connection

Mains powered

Transceiver is always on

Zi B D i

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ZigBee Devices:ZigBee End Device

Usually a Reduced Function Device

Can be a Full Function Device Supports some ZigBee services

Does not include binding and routing

Can communicate only with its parent node

Can be battery powered

Transceiver can be off when idle

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Agenda


ZigBee Fundamentals


ZigBee Networking


Dynamic Networking

Exercise 3

Hardware


ZigBee Networking:

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ZigBee Networking:

Star Network

Reduced Function Device (RFD)Full Function Device (FFD)ZigBee Coordinator (FFD)

ZigBee Router (FFD)

Rx must always be on so

typically mains powered

typically battery powered

Zi B N t ki

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ZigBee Networking:Star Network


ZigBee Router (FFD)

ZigBee Networking

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ZigBee Networking:Tree (Cluster) Network


ZigBee Router (FFD)




ZigBee Networking:

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ZigBee Networking:Tree (Cluster) Network


ZigBee Router (FFD)

ZigBee Networking:

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ZigBee Networking:Mesh (Peer-to-Peer) Network


ZigBee Router (FFD)




ZigBee Networking:

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ZigBee Router (FFD)

ZigBee Networking:

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ZigBee Router (FFD)

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Q i

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Quiz

What is an attribute?

What is a cluster?

What is an endpoint?

How do FFDs and RFDs differ?

When would you chose an RFD over anFFD?

I want to develop a wireless controller for avideo game system. What topology wouldyou chose?

A d

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Agenda


ZigBee Fundamentals


ZigBee Networking


Dynamic Networking

Exercise 3

Hardware


Communication over ZigBee Network:

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Communication over ZigBee Network:Addressing Devices

Broadcast

Address 0xFFFF Everyone in radio distance receives the packet.

Packet gets retransmitted until everyone gets

the packet or it times out Unicast

Uses the 16-bit address of the destination Only that devices radio will get the packet (all

others will filter the packet out)

C i ti Zi B N t k

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Key-Value Pair (KVP)

Key Cluster/Attribute

Value Data value of the attribute

KVP Commands

Set set an attribute Get get an attribute

Event an event has occurred

Message (MSG)

Free format data transfer


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Communication over ZigBee Network:Key-Value Pair Frame Format

Cluster: OnOffSRCAttribute: OnOff

Command: SETValue: Off


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Communication over ZigBee Network:Message Frame Format

Supports straight binary data transfer

Proprietary data transfer

Data size limited by IEEE frame size andZigBee overhead

Cluster: MSG_ClusterValues: [multiple]

Agenda

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Agenda


ZigBee Fundamentals


ZigBee Networking


Dynamic Networking

Exercise 3

Hardware


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Exercise 2

Constructing and Sending KVP

Frames

Exercise 2

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Exercise 2

Notes Change your MAC address in zigbee.def

Examine the profile definition filezMASTERS05Profile.h in the Stackdirectory

Send a KVP message to the coordinator A message will appear on the main screen

Bonus What other functions are available in the

profile?

Agenda

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Agenda

What is ZigBee Protocol? ZigBee Fundamentals


ZigBee Networking


Dynamic Networking

Exercise 3

Hardware


Dynamic networking

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Dynamic networking

What we know The different types of nodes available.

What the different network topologies look likeand what they are good for.

How to send messages to other devices on the

network What is left?

How does a device join a network?

How do we determine who is out there on thenetwork to talk to?

What happens when a node in the network fails?

Dynamic Networking:J i i N t k

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Joining a Network

Send a Beacon request

ZigBee Routers and ZigBee Coordinators in the

area that support joining will respond Pick one to join to and send that device an

association request

ZigBee Router or ZigBee Coordinator respondswith an association response

If the response is Denied, try to connect to adifferent network or keep polling the samenetwork to wait for an opening.

Dynamic Networking:R j i i

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Rejoining

Send out orphan request

If your former parent is still out there and hears you,

then they will respond with a coordinator realignment Bindings will be retained

If orphan request goes unanswered you can either

Continue searching for the same parent Give up and join the network as if you were a new node

Will get a new 16-bit network address

Bindings will need to be recreated

Dynamic Networking:Q i th N t k

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Querying the Network

ZigBee Device Profile

Built-in ZigBee Functions

Interface through Endpoint 0

Service Discovery

Allows us to find out what the other devices do Device Discovery

Allows us to locate other devices on thenetwork

Dynamic Networking:Descriptors

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Descriptors

Node Descriptor

Type of Node and capabilities

Node Power Descriptor

Node Power Characteristics

Simple Descriptor Describe the applications endpoints

Dynamic Networking:Node Descriptor

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Node Descriptor

Mandatory, one per node

Identifies device type

ZigBee Coordinator, ZigBee Router,End Device

Frequency band of operation

Security capabilities

Power Source

If the receiver is on when Idle Buffer size

I am:

An end device

2.4 GHz

Level 6 security

Battery powered

My Rx is off whenI am Idle

My buffer is 128bytes

Dynamic Networking:Node Power Descriptor

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Node Power Descriptor

Mandatory, one per node

Describes power capabilities in detail

How the is receiver switched on

Permanently, Periodically, or When stimulated

Available power sources

Current power source Current charge status

Dynamic Networking:Simple Descriptor

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Simple Descriptor Mandatory for each endpoint

Describes the endpoint

Endpoint number Application Profile ID, from the ZigBee Alliance

Application Device ID, from the ZigBee Alliance

Application Device Version, from the ZigBee Alliance Application Flags

Endpoint Input Cluster Count

Endpoint Input Cluster List Endpoint Output Cluster Count

Endpoint Output Cluster List

I have:

An endpoint 8

EP8 has one

output cluster ofOnOffSRC

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Dynamic Networking:Service Discovery

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Service Discovery

Match_Desc_req

Requests a check of all active Endpoints to see if onematches a given Profile ID

Match can optionally require a match of input or outputclusters

Match_Desc_req:

HCL profile, Out-Cluster ofOnOffSRC

My Endpoint 3

matches

My Endpoints 5and 23 match

Now I know of 3 switches that

I can decide to bind to!!

No Endpointsmatch; noresponse

Dynamic Networking:Device Discovery

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Device Discovery

NWK_Addr_req

Broadcast inquiry for a Devices 16-bit network addressbased on its 64-bit IEEE address

Response can optionally also include the 16-bitaddresses of all of the nodes that are associated to thatnode.

NWK_Addr_req I am looking for IEEE:

00-46-00-A1-00-23-44-31

Thats me. My Networkaddress is 0x9241


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Device Discovery

IEEE_Addr_req

Unicast inquiry for a Devices 64-bit IEEE addressbased on its 16-bit network address

Response can optionally also include the 16-bitaddresses of all of the nodes that are associated tothat node.

D CA

BA: 0x9136

B: 0x9134

C: 0x9443D: 0x0000

B: 0xAA23???


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Device Discovery

IEEE_Addr_req

Unicast inquiry for a Devices 64-bit IEEE addressbased on its 16-bit network address

Response can optionally also include the 16-bitaddresses of all of the nodes that are associated tothat node.

D CA

B

A: 0x9136

B: 0x9134

C: 0x9443D: 0x0000

B: 0xAA23IEEE_Addr_req: 0x9134,What is your IEEE address?

I am IEEE: 00-46-00-A1-00-23-44-31

Thats me.My Networkaddress is0xAA23

NWK_Addr_req

I am looking for IEEE:

00-46-00-A1-00-23-44-31

Agenda

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Exercise 1

ZigBee Devices

ZigBee Networking


Dynamic Networking

Exercise 3 Hardware


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Exercise 3 - An Introductionto Peer-to-Peer

Use Device Discovery services tosend LED messages directly to

your partner

Exercise 3

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In zigbee.def set Your MAC address

Receiver always on InMasters05Lab3.c, construct the Device

Discovery message

Use the 64-bit address of your partners node

Press RB5 to get your partners 16-bit

network address Press RB4 to control your partners LED

Agenda

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Exercise 1

ZigBee Devices

ZigBee Networking


Dynamic Networking

Exercise 3 Hardware


Hardware:Typical ZigBee Hardware

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yp g

SPIRF

XCVR

ANTENNA

Trace,Monopole etc.

Microchip

PICmicro

MCU

Hardware:Block Diagram

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APLAPL

Tx chainTx chain

Rx chainRx chain

Bias/VCOBias/VCO

SiliconSiliconZigBee

Stack

ZigBee

StackApplicationApplication

SecuritySecurity

NWKAPS

NWKNWK

APSAPSMAC

(Firmware)

MAC

MAC

(Firmw

are)

(Firmw

are)

MAC

(Hardware)

MAC

(Hardw

are)

Logic

Logic

Application

Microchip Device802.15.4 Transceiver

g

Hardware:IEEE 802.15.4

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LR-WPAN Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Network

Reliable data transfer

Fully acknowledged protocol

64-bit long/16-bit short addresses, 16-bit Personal AreaNetwork (PAN) ID

BAND COVERAGE DATA RATE # OF CHANNEL(S)

2.4 GHz ISM Worldwide 250 kbps 16

868 MHz Europe 20 kbps 1

915 MHz ISM Americas 40 kbps 10

Agenda

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Exercise 1

ZigBee Devices

ZigBee Networking


Dynamic Networking

Exercise 3 Hardware


Designing with ZigBee Protocol:IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Address

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Extended Address: 64-bit

Short Address: 16-bit

To reduce message length overhead IEEE Extended Unique Identifier - EUI-64TM

64-bit globally unique identification value

Upper 32-bit assigned by IEEE as your OrganizationallyUnique Identifier (OUI)

Lower 32-bit assigned by organization (~4 billion

devices on one EUI) $1650 one time fee for OUI

May use your Ethernet OUI

Designing with ZigBee Protocol:State of ZigBee

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Version 1.0 of ZigBee Standards Complete

Downloadable by ZigBee Alliance members andadopters

Fee to become a ZigBee adopter is $3500/yr

www.zigbee.org/en/join

600+ pages

Most sections have errata

Version 1.1 spec coming?

IEEE 802.15.4 spec available online http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.15.4-2003.pdf

600+ pages


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Purchase an IEEE OUI https://standards.ieee.org/regauth/oui/forms/OUI-form.shtml

Determine radio based on data rate andgeographical market needs

Select suitable Microchip MCU

Modify stack provided with AN965 for yourapplication

Do all RF compliance certifications

Do ZigBee interoperability compliancecertification

Designing with ZigBee Protocol:Microchip ZigBee Stack

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Based on v1.0 of ZigBee Specifications

Freely available as Microchip Application

Note AN965 Must accept Electronic License Agreement

Out-of-box support for MCC18

Support for 2.4 GHz radio

Support for RFDs and FFDs (ZigBee

Coordinators, ZigBee Routers, and FFDs asend devices)

www.microchip.com/zigbee

Designing with ZigBee Protocol:Microchip ZigBee Stack

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Modular design

Cooperative Multitasking Architecture

Application Independent

RTOS Independent

Supports PIC18 microcontrollers

Standard Microchip technical support

Updates for enhancements, improvements,and fixes

Designing with ZigBee Protocol:Microchip ZigBee Stack Future Releases

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Support for 915/868 MHz radio

Security support

Support for other MCU families (PIC24,dsPICdigital signal controllers)

HI-TECH support

Summary

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Provide high level familiarity with ZigBeeprotocol RFDs, FFDs, Network Topologies, Bindings,

Attributes, Clusters, Profiles, Descriptors, Radiofrequencies, Endpoints, Devices, ZigBeeCoordinators, ZigBee Routers, ...

Experiment with the Microchip ZigBee stack Compiling and using the Microchip ZigBee

stack Creating a network Creating bindings

Understand current status and future plansfor the ZigBee stack

References

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IEEE 802.15.4-2003 http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.15.4-2003.pdf

ZigBee v1.0 specification AN965 - ZigBee application note available at

www.microchip.com/zigbee

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Documents

941ZIG