A New Introduction to Greek.pdf

Alston Hurd Chase and Henry Phillips, Jr.

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. Chase & Phillips A

New Introduction to Greek, third edition

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2008 1

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. 25

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. J. R. Cheadle (Basic

Greek Vocabulary) (New York: Macmillan, 1939).

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15,

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iii

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Harvard Carl Newell Jackson .

. Cedric Whitman

. British Columbia O. J. Todd

.

Harvard Hudson Sterling

Dow , .

J. J. Whitehead, Jr. ;

Archaeological Institute of America

Bollington .

A. H. C

H. P., Jr.

iv

3

20 .

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. Dow

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Homer A. Thompson 5.

,.

Harvard Zeph Stewart , Phillips Exeter Academy W. Ernest

Gillespie ,

.

A. H. C

H. P., Jr.

Sterling Dow, Illustrations in Textbooks Journal of General Edu-

cation, 5 (1951), 101-115 .

v

1 , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

3 1 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

4 1(). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

5 : , . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

6 3, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

7 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

8 . 1 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

12 , upsilonlenis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

13 -. , , 1 2 .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

14 -: , , 2.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

15 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

17 -upsilonacute, -, -upsilonacute -, -. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

18 , , upsilonacute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

19 - , 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

vii

20 -1. -2 . 69

21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

22 , . . . . 77

23 . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

24 . . . . . . . . 86

25 . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

26 , 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

27 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

28 . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

31 1 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

32 .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

34 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

35 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

38 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

viii

1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

4 , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

5 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

7 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

10 75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

ix

. .

Monumenti Inediti: Pubblicati dallInstituto di Corrispondenza archeologica, I

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xiii

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1. 26 v() (),

24 .

a a a

b v b

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d this th d

e e e

zd, dz z z

e i e

th thin th th

i i i

k k c, k

l l l

upsilonperispomene m m m

upsilonperispomene n n n

C c c ks ks x

o o o

p p p

rh r rh, r

, s s s

upsilonperispomene t t t

upsilonlenisperispomene i (v, f) (u) y ()

ph f ph

kh h. ch ch

ps ps ps

o o o

2. .

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1

23. .

( rough breathing) ,

( smooth breathing) . (

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4. , , , c. : , ,

c,

5. , c, , , , c , , ,

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7. , , , , , , , , c

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9. , , , ,

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12. (.), (,), (;), ().

(') . ()

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13. . :

, , , , upsilonperispomene

, ,

, , , upsilonacute ,

, , upsilonasperacute, upsilonasperacute

, , upsilonacutec,

, , c, c ,

, upsilonasper , ,

, , ,

(diphthongs )

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upsilonacute, upsilonperispomene upsilonlenis, upsilonacute upsilonperispomene

2

14. () .

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(ultima ), (penult),

(antepenult) . ()

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1. Acute(c) : .

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2. Grave() `: . Acute

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). ,

. Grave.

3. Circumex() :

. Acute,

Grave . Circumex

, .

Acute oxytone(cupsilonacute) Acute

paroxytone(cupsilonacute), Acute proparoxy-

tone(cupsilonacute) . circumex perispome-

non(), circumex properispomenon(-

) . barytone(upsilonacute) .

paroxytone, proparoxytone, properispomenon barytone.

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1 .

4

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(b) , , . ,

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(e) Circumex.

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(f) , Cir-

cumex.

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(s):

Acute

s s

s s s

s s

s s

Circumexs s

s sGrave s` ().

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Acute Grave ,

Circumex .

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: , , upsilonasperperispomene, , ^, , @.

(proclitic) (enclitic)

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2 , , , (...), (...), (...),

3

1 2. .

16. (singular) (plural),

(dual) .

.

( , , ) .

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. , pp. 158186,

. p. 1581 .

17. (gender) (Masculine),

(Feminine), (Neuter).

18. (, case):

(Nominative): .

(Genitive): , , .

(Dative): ,, (, ).

(Accusative): .

(Vocative): .

19. ().

upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene

upsilonacute

20. 2, -, 1

- . 2

(), (..., ...), upsilonlenis. 11

6

7, . 2

. (). 1

.

21. (article) .

:


upsilonacute

22.

. : , the good man

23. (attributive position) .

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upsilonacute (), (

)( ) , ()

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24. to be

. - .

, . (predicate

position).

. .

. .

upsilonperispomene .

= upsilonperispomene .

: upsilonacute

upsilonacute. ().

25. : .

. (cf. . .)

826. ... ... ...

..., ... ...

... ....

27. a, an .

.

28. . 1, 2 oxytone ,

Circumex , 1

Circumex. 15 (d) (f).

()

upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene

upsilongrave upsilonacute

1. . 2. . 3. . 4. c

upsilonlenis.. 5. .. 6.

. 7. . 8. upsilonacute .

9. . 10. upsilonperispomene , upsilonlenis

upsilonperispomene ..

: 1. : . 2. ,

, .

. (10 ). 3. , , , . 4. c . .

[xenophobia ]; upsilonlenis, .... 5. ,

: = . 6. , [psychiatry ]; , ; , ...

(12). 7. , [skiagraph X]. 8. upsilonacute, .

12. 9. , [idol ]. 10. (, 3),

( )

9

, -, , , [anthropology ], -, , , [biography ], -, , , -, , , , -, , , , [erg, ], -, , , , (), [logic ], -, , , , -upsilonperispomene, , , -, , , -, , , -, , [chronometer ,], -, , ,

, -, -, , , , -, (-+ , ) [Athanasius], -, -, , , [aristocrat ], -, -, , , -, -, , [epicene ], -, -, [Sophomore], -, -, ,

[], , ( 3. 12)

, (), (), , , ()upsilonlenis, (, ). upsilonlenis

upsilonlenis.

1. (). 2. . 3.

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. 6. ().

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(a) .

(b) , .

() ().

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30. 1.

31. 3, 28 1

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32. ; c .

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()

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

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c c c

c c c

33. : , , , upsilonasper, upsilonacute,

, , , , , , , , , , ,

11

12

(-), , .

34. :

upsilonasperperispomene upsilonasperperispomene

upsilonasperacute

35. .

.1

1. . 2. upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene . 3.

upsilonperispomene upsilonlenisacute . 4. upsilonperispomene

. 5. . 6. . 7.

. 8. . 9.

upsilonlenis

upsilonacute . 10. . 11.

.

: 1. , . 2. , -, ( 11 ).

3. , . 4. upsilonperispomene, (, 2 ); , enmity. 5. ,

, [polity]; , ...(3, 12). 6. ,(). 8. ,

[cosmos ]; , (). 9. upsilonlenis, ( ), ( ); ,

; upsilonacute, ; , , . 11. , .

, -upsilonperispomene, ,

, -, , ,

, -, ,

, -, ,

, -upsilonperispomene, , , [theology ]

, -, ,

1

. : , ( ).

13

, -, ,

upsilonperispomene, -, , () [plutocrat ]

, -, , [politician ]

, -, ,,, [scene]

, -, ,

, -, , ,

, -, ,

upsilonperispomene

, -, ,

c, -, -,

, , ,

, -, -, ,

, -, -,

, , , (,)

, ..., ...()

, ..., ();, ..., ..., ()

upsilonlenisacute, ()...()

1. . 2.

(). 3. (). 4.

. 5. . 6.

(upsilonacute). 7. . 8.

. 9. .

I. :

1. . 2. . 3.

. 4. . 5.

upsilonlenis .

II. .

1. . 2. . 3.

. 4. . 5. .

5

: ,

36. (active), (middle), (passive),

(voice) : ,

,

. (indicative), (subjunctive),

(optative), (imperative), (innitive), (participle), 6

(mood).

37. 7:

1 2

(present) (perfect) (imperfect)

(future) (future perfect) (aorist)1

(pluperfect)

38. . (

). :

1 - -

2 - -

3 - -()2

39. .

1 - - - -

2 - - - -

3 - - - -()2

1 1.2 - - 3 ,

. .

14

15

40. upsilonacute(,).

upsilonacute-3 upsilonacute-

upsilonacuteupsilonacute-

upsilonacute- // upsilonacute-()

upsilonacute- - upsilonacute- -

upsilonacute- - upsilonacute- -

upsilonacute- - // upsilonacute- -()

41.

.

(a) , , : , , .

(b) , , c: , c, .

(c) , , : , , . (

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42. - . : upsilonacute,

43. - - -

. : upsilonacute,

44. (- ) ,

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,

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upsilonacute .

.

3 . 15 (c) .

16

upsilonacute .

.

upsilonacute .

.

upsilonacute .

.

upsilonacute .

.

upsilonacute .

.

upsilonacute.

1. upsilongrave upsilonacute. 2. upsilonacute . 3.

upsilongrave upsilonacute . 4.

. 5. . 6. upsilongrave

. 7. upsilonasperacute. 8. upsilongrave

. 9. upsilonlenis

. 10. upsilongrave .

: 4. , ; , ; , ( + -). 5. ,

[carpology ()]. 9. upsilonlenis , .

, -, ,

, -, , , [Hedonism]

, -, ,

, -, , [lithography ]

upsilonasperacute, -, , [hypnotism ]

, c, , [pedagogue ]

, , [graphite ]

, ..., (, 12)

, , ; , (

)[euphemism ]

, c , .

, ()

17

upsilonacute, -, ,

, , (+)

, ,

upsilonacute, upsilonacute, (+)

, , (, ), ;,

, (+)

, ,

1. . 2.

. 3. . 4. . 5.

. 6. .

7. (). 8.

.

I. :

1. . 2. . 3.

. 4. c. 5.

upsilonlenisacute .

II. .

1. . 2.

. 3. . 4. () .

5. .

6

3, .

45. 3 .

, - .

-

.1 .

upsilonacutec

upsilonacute

upsilonacute

upsilonacute

upsilonacutec

upsilonacute

upsilonacutec

upsilonacute

upsilonacute

46. 3

.

47. -

. 7 .

- -;

48.

1 ,

. . upsilonacutec

. .

: . , ,

. :

18

19

. 3

.

49. :

(a) . upsilonlenis.

: . . upsilonlenis ; ' ^-

.

(b) (, ), , ,

. . (

.)

: . upsilonasperacute upsilonacute.

1. upsilonacute . 2. upsilonlenis

. 3. upsilonperispomene upsilonlenisupsilonperispomene. 4. upsilonperispomene

. 5. . 6.

upsilonacute . 7. upsilonacute

. 8. upsilongrave c upsilonperispomene. 9. upsilonlenis

upsilonasperacute . 10. .

11. upsilonlenis , .

: 1. upsilonacute, , ; , , [cosmetics ]. 2. , ;

() [synonym]. 3. ,,; (

), [ophthalmia ()]. 4. , , : . 5. [math-

ematics ]. 10. , . 11. , , (

[crisis ]) ; upsilonlenis . .

, -, ,

, -, ,

, , ,

, -, , ,

, -, ,

, , ,

, -, ,

upsilonlenis, -, ,

20


upsilonacutec, -, ,

, , , ,

, -, -, ,

, -, -, ,

, -, -, (, , )

, // ..., ; ...,

, ',

, (. )

upsilonasperacute ( upsilonasperacute), ,

, , ..., ( ',

')

1. . 2.

. 3.

(upsilonlenis) . 4.

. 5. , , ()

. 6. .

I. :

1. upsilongrave upsilonacute . 2.

upsilongrave . 3. upsilongrave upsilongrave upsilonasperacute .

4. upsilonlenis upsilonacute upsilongrave . 5. upsilongrave upsilongrave

.

: 2. .

II. .

1. () . 2.

. 3.

. 4. . 5.

.

7

3 . .

50. :

upsilonacute 1

upsilonacute

upsilonacute

upsilonperispomene

upsilonacute

upsilonperispomene upsilonacute

upsilonacute

upsilonacute

51. .

- .

: ; .

52. :

. .

: . c

upsilonasper.

: . c

.

1() : , , , , (); ,

, , , (). - ,

.

21

22

53. :

. upsilonacute .

1. upsilonlenis upsilonperispomene . 2.

, upsilonperispomene. 3. -

upsilonacute. 4. ' . 5. upsilonperispomene

. 6. upsilonacute, c . 7. . 8.

upsilongrave upsilonacute . 9.

() c .

( ) ( ),

upsilonlenis (). 10. . 11. ,

upsilonlenis upsilonacute ().

: 1. , ; upsilonperispomene, (); , ( ). 2. ,

() [chrysolite ]. 3. , ; upsilonacute, 4. , ,

5. , , [polymeric ]; () ( ) [Etesian ]. 6. ,

7. , // . 8. -upsilonacute, 9. c,

. ; , (), .

, , , ,

upsilonacute, -, ,

, -, , ,

, 1, , , [gynecology ]

, , ,

, -, , [ephemeral]

, -upsilonperispomene, , ,

, , , ( p. 21 )

, , , (: upsilonacute), ; .

, , ,

, -, ,

upsilonperispomene, , , [pyromaniac]

, -, ,

, , , [chromosome]

1 : , , , , upsilonacute (); , -

, c, , ().

23

, , , [chiropractor]

, -, , ; = ,

, ,

, c, , [practical]

, . , ...; , ...

, ..., ... ()

, () () [decalogue ]

1. () . 2.

. 3.

(). 4. (+)

. 5.

. 6. .

I. :

1. upsilonasperacute upsilongrave . 2. upsilonlenis

, upsilongrave upsilonacute . 3. c

. 4. upsilonlenis . 5.

.

II. .

1. . 2.

. 3.

. 4.

. 5. .

8

. 1 2

54. :(a) , 2

(b)

55. (augment):

(a) (syllabic augment).

, ,. : , , .

(b) (temporal augment).

. ; ;

. ; ; ; .

56. 1(First Aorist; )2(Second Aorist)

, . 1

1 2 . 2

. (sing, sang)

. : , .

(Imperfect) 1 . 2

(). 2

: 2 .

12(

).

57. 1 .

. : ,

58. (, , , ) 1

. ; ; ;

. : .

24

25

59. :

--- , --- ,

--- ---

--() --()

-upsilonacute-- ---

-upsilonacute-- ---

--- ---

1 2

-- , --- ,

--- ---

--() --()

-upsilonacute-- ---

-upsilonacute-- ---

--- ---

1

-- ,

---

--()

---

---

---

60. 1 -, -:

upsilonperispomene, , . .

. .

61. .

62. 2 -. Circumex

. :

63. .

, , 1 . : upsilonacute,

upsilonacute, ; , , .

.

.

26

. ( 16

.):

, c, , ,

, , , ()

, c, , , ,

, , ,

, , ,

upsilonacute, upsilonacute, , ,

, , ,

, , ,

upsilonacute, upsilonacute, ,

, c, c,

, , , ,

1. . 2.

. 3. upsilonacute. 4.

. 5.

upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene , upsilonperispomene

upsilonperispomene . 6. upsilonacute, !,

7. upsilongrave upsilonlenis c(),

( ) . ( )

. (, ).

upsilongrave ().

: 1. , [isosceles()] ,; ......, ....... 2. ,

; , . 3. , [ecclesiastical ]; , (). 4.

, [selenography ()]. 5. upsilonperispomene, () [Thesaurus]; , ,

[cardiac ]; + , . 6. upsilonacute, ( tu). 7. , , + , ;

, , ; , .

, -, , ,

, -, , [anemone , ]

27

, , , , , [geology ]

, -, , , [orgy , ]

, -, , [polemics ]

, -, , ()

, -, -,

upsilonacute, upsilonacute, upsilonacute,

upsilonacute, upsilonacute, , , (+),

(2),, ( )

, , , ,

, , , ()

upsilonacute, upsilonacute, , ,

, + , (); +,

, + , ; c

, + , (); + , (),, ; + , ,

..., ... , ,

1. () . 2.

. 3. () . 4.

.

. 5. . 6.

.

I. :

1. . 2. upsilonasperacute

upsilongrave upsilonlenis () . 3.

. 4. upsilonacute

. 5. .

II. .

1. . 2.

() . 3.

. 4. . 5.

28

.

, II.5; ; Oxyrhynchus

upsilonlenis []

() []-

upsilonasper []-

[] []

[upsilonperispomene] cupsilongrave

[]

() -

.

,

.

9

.

64. -, -, -

, -, -, -. : , ,

.

65. - ;

. ,

, 2

(v(c) = vcc : ; v(c) : ). :

()

:

c c c

66. -, - . (

72.)

/, , ,

upsilonacute1 , , -, -

, , , -, -

67. :

, , -, -

, , , -, -

, , , -, -

, , -, -

, , -, -

2 , , -, -

1 upsilonacute17.

29

30

upsilonacute2,

, -, -

, , -, -

, , -, -

, , -, -

upsilonacute , , -, -

68. - -. : , .

69. .

. :

70. ... .

. .

.

upsilonlenisacute upsilonperispomene,

upsilonlenisacute upsilonacute.

71. .

10.

upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene.

72. upsilonacute, , .3 -

.

/ /

() ()

() () ()

1. , ' upsilonlenis, .

2. upsilonperispomene . . 3. upsilonlenis upsilonacute

2 upsilonacute 18.3

.

31

. 4. upsilonlenis ' upsilonasper upsilonlenis . 5. upsilonlenis upsilonlenis

. 6. . . 7.

I.19: upsilonasper upsilonasper.

(

) upsilonasper upsilonasper .

.

, (

). upsilonlenisperispomene upsilonlenis .

( ) upsilonasper

A

B

upsilonasper . upsilonlenis [ I.5]. upsilonlenis () . upsilonlenis

: upsilonasper upsilonasper .

upsilonlenis [ I.18]. upsilonlenis .

() , upsilonlenis . .

upsilonasper upsilonasper. c (Q. E.

D.).

: 1. , ... 2. , 3. upsilonacute, ; , 5. , 7.

, ...; , ; , ...; , ; upsilonasper, ..., ...;

, (); , (, 3 ); , ...; , ; ,

(particle)(24) ,

, -, ,

, -, -,

upsilonasper, -, , [hygiene ]

upsilonacute, -, upsilonacute, , ( p. 60 )

, -, -, , [Neoplatonism ]

, -, -,

upsilonlenis, ( 39 ).

. ,. upsilonlenis , ,

[], (; 12)

, c, c, ( ; 12

)

, , , (upsilonasper, )

, , ()

(),

32

, , ...

(), ... ();

upsilonlenis, ..., ......

upsilonlenisperispomene(),; ()

upsilonasper, ...(); ... (, )

(), .. ()

66 67 .

.

1. ,

. 2. , ,

. 3. . 4.

,

. 5.

. 6. .

I. :

1. . 2.

. 3. upsilonlenis upsilongrave upsilongrave . 4.

. 5. upsilonacute upsilongrave

, ().

II. :

1. ( ). 2.

. 3.

, . 4.

. 5.

.

10

73. :

upsilonasperperispomene, , . upsilonasperperispomene ,

. , .

.

upsilonasperperispomene. .1

74. :

upsilonasperperispomene upsilonasperacute upsilonperispomene upsilonasperperispomene upsilonasperacute upsilonperispomene

upsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonacute

upsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonacute

upsilonperispomene upsilonacute upsilonperispomene upsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonperispomene


upsilonacute

75. ,

. , upsilonasperperispomene , ;

, .

76. upsilonasperperispomene, ,

, - ,

.

1 . .

11

33

34

1. . 2. upsilonperispomene, upsilonacute .

3. , . 4.

upsilonacute . 5. upsilonasperperispomene

c . 6. upsilonasperacute . 7.

upsilonacute() upsilonperispomene, c . 8. upsilongrave

(). () , c ()

() . upsilonperispomene

. 9. . , (

) , upsilonasperacute upsilonlenis (

) . () upsilonaspergrave .

() (), . upsilonlenisperispomene

upsilonlenis .

: 1. , , [pharmacist ] 2. , , (3 ; 12) 6.

, 9. ,

, -, , , -upsilonperispomene, , [strategic ]upsilonasperacute, upsilonasperacute, , [hydroplane ()]

, -, -, , , , , , upsilonasperperispomene, upsilonasperacute, upsilonperispomene, , , -, -, ; (()), [protoplasm ()]

, , ,

, , ()

, ,

, , (, , ); ... , ...

1. . 2.

.

. 3. . 4.

. 5.

. 6.

35

.

I. :

1. upsilonlenis upsilonasper . 2. upsilonlenis . 3.

. 4. upsilonlenisperispomene c

. 5. upsilonlenis upsilonasper ; c

upsilonacute .

II. :

1. . 2.

. 3. . 4.

( ). 5.

().

.

upsilonacute

Murex trunculus, .

.

.

.

36

3

.

.

. (upsilonacute)

.

, upsilonperispomene() .

5

. ,

.

.

, ,

,

.

11

..

77. 3 .

. Acute;

Grave.

78. , , ?, ?, ? ; , , ,

, , , , , .

/ /

(upsilonperispomene) (upsilonperispomene)

() ()

/ /

() ()

() ()

79. ?.

80. .

. .

(a) .

(b) 2 paroxytone(s s).

(c) proparoxytone( s s) properispomenon(s s)

ultima Acute.

37

38

(d) oxytone(s s ) Acute perispomenon(s s)

Circumex.

(e)

.

(f) Acute

.

(s = , e = ):

s e ee : ,

s s e / s s ee e : , ,

s s e ee : ,

s e ee : ,

s s e ee : ,

e : upsilonlenisacute

ee : upsilonacute

81. , ,

.

. . .

(24).

upsilonasperperispomene upsilonasperperispomene

upsilonasperacute

82.

: , ;

, upsilongrave upsilonacute

39

1. upsilonasperperispomene , upsilonasperupsilonacute upsilonlenis

. 2. ' upsilonlenisacute .. 3. '

.. 4. upsilonasperacute upsilongrave

upsilonlenis . 5. 6. ' upsilonperispomene

' ' .. 7. C , upsilonlenisacute

upsilonlenisacute .. 8. .

, , ,

, . ' upsilonacute

. ' ,

upsilonlenis c.

: 1. upsilonasperupsilonacute (+) (: upsilonacute, [acoustics ]); upsilonlenis, 2. ,

; , 3. , [telephone ]; , , ; (), 4.

,; + , 6. , ; , upsilonlenisperispomene, , , ; , -, ;

..., (12 ). 8. .

, -, , , ,

upsilonperispomene, upsilonperispomene, , upsilonperispomene, upsilonperispomene, , , ()

, -, , ( )

, -, , , ; () = [teleology ]

upsilonacute, -, -, [Deuteronomy ()]

, , ? ?

, , (), , , ,

, , ,

, c, c, ; (25),(+)

, (... ) (, ).

, ()

upsilonlenisacute, ... ( upsilonlenisacute)

(, ), ,

(, ), , ...; , ......

, , (...),

40

1. ? 2.

( ) () ? 3.

? 4.

. 5. () ? 6.

.

I.

:

II. :

1. upsilonperispomene . 2.

. 3.

upsilonasperacute . 4. upsilonlenis upsilonacute . 5.

.

III. :

1. . 2.

. 3. , .

4. , . 5. ,

12

, upsilonlenis

83. upsilonacute 1 -

- , -/-

(non-thematic). - , , 2

- ; -

. - :

(a) . .

, .

(b) . .

: -, .

(c) -. (formant) -- .

: --. 21.

84. , ..., ():

..., ...,

.

()

()

85. 2.

86. -.

41

42

87. .

upsilonlenis upsilonlenis upsilonlenis upsilonlenis upsilonlenis upsilonlenis

upsilonlenisupsilonperispomene upsilonlenis upsilonlenisupsilonperispomene upsilonlenis upsilonlenis upsilonlenis

upsilonlenis upsilonlenis upsilonlenis upsilonlenis upsilonlenis upsilonlenis

upsilonlenis upsilonlenis upsilonlenis upsilonlenisupsilonacute upsilonlenis upsilonlenis

88. upsilonlenis :

(a) . :

upsilonlenis , ; upsilonlenis,

.

(b) . :

upsilonlenis , .

(c) (, oblique cases: ) ,

3 . : upsilonlenisupsilonacute, ;

upsilongrave upsilonlenis, .

: upsilonlenis upsilonperispomene upsilonlenis

upsilonlenisupsilonacute, .

89. upsilonlenis upsilonlenis

( Circumex). upsilonasperperispomene.

90. .

upsilonlenisupsilonperispomene, ; , .

. upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene ,

.

91. ..., ...

, . ;

.

1. ' , / upsilonlenis ' upsilonlenis

. 2. , upsilonlenis

3. . 4. upsilonlenis upsilonlenis

43

. 5. upsilonlenis upsilonlenis upsilonlenis . 6.

, . 7. .

upsilonacute () , , .

() () . (

) , upsilonlenisupsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene . upsilonperispomene

() upsilonlenis (), (

) ().

: 1. , 3 26 ; , ; , (). 2. ,

c ; , ; , 3. , . 4. , ... (

) 5. , upsilonacute, , ; , . 6. , [George ];

= ()

, -, , [Irene ]

, -, ,

, -, , [Peter , petrify ()]

, -, , , ,

, -, -, , upsilonlenis

upsilonlenis, -, -, , , 3

upsilonacute, , ()

, -, -, ()

, -, -, (2),, ()

, -, -, ; () [heterodox ]

upsilonlenis, ... (37)

,

, ...

, , , , ,

, , ()

, , ()

1. ( ). 2.

. 3. . 4.

() . 5.

? 6. ()

44

.

I. :

1. upsilonacute upsilonperispomene 2.

upsilonlenis . 3. upsilongrave

. (63 ) 4. ,

. 5. upsilonlenisacute upsilonlenisacute .

II. .

1. . 2. ,

. 3. 4.

? 5. ()

.

13

-. , , 1 2.

92. (12), (

) .

. -.

, 1 : -, -, -, -, -, -; 2: -, -,

-, -, -, -.

93. , , ; :1

, ,

.

:

22 12

, ,

.

2 :

1 :

94. ,

.

1 ; : sisto.

.22 . 1.

45

46

95. , , :

2

, , 3 ,

. . .

upsilonperispomene

96. - -. : , .

97.

.

:

(a)

. : + = , ,4

(b)

. : + = .

(c) :

. : upsilonacute + = ; upsilonacute

+ = .

. : + = . ()

. : upsilonacute + = .

. : upsilonacute + upsilonacute = upsilonacute.

(d) .

. : , ,

; , .

. : ,

.

3 14 2 .

4 .

47

(e) . : , .

. :

, .

1. upsilonperispomene upsilonlenisperispomene ^. 2. upsilonperispomene

. 3. ,

' . 4.

5. , upsilonacute ,

, . ; (

) upsilonlenis upsilonacute . 6. ,

() (), ().

upsilonacute() , () ()

upsilonperispomene. () upsilonlenis upsilonperispomene ,

, c . upsilonperispomene (

) . .

() upsilongrave .

: 2. , ; upsilonperispomene, ; , , 3. ,

; , ; = ; ' , 4. ,

[moron , sophomore 2] 5. ,

, -, , [logomachy ]

, -, ,

, -, , , [timocracy ; ]

,

upsilonperispomene, upsilonacute, upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene,

, , ,

, , , , ,

,

upsilonacute, 2 ,

upsilonperispomene, ,

, , .., ..., ...

, ...

48

, ...(+ ); ...(+ ); ..., ...(+ )

,

1. ,

. 2.

. 3. . 4.

. 5.

. 6. .

I. :

1. , upsilonlenisacute. 2.

, . 3. upsilongrave upsilonperispomene

4. upsilonacute ; upsilonperispomene c,

, upsilonlenis upsilonlenis. 5. upsilonlenis upsilonasperacute

.

II. :

1. . 2.

; . 3.

, . 4.

? 5. , .

14

-: , , 2 .

98. , , ; -, -:1

2

, , 2 ,

. . .

99. , , ; :1

2

, , 2 ,

. . .

-3

-

-

100. . 1

c .

.

1 ; . iacio

.2 2 3(hyphen < upsilonasper, ) .

49

50

upsilonacute

upsilonacute

1. upsilonperispomene . 2.

upsilonperispomene upsilonlenisupsilonacute. 3. .

4. \ , upsilonacute upsilonperispomene , ^

^, ^ . upsilonasperacute upsilonlenis

().. 5. , -

upsilongrave . 6. .. 7.

upsilonacute c

. 8. . 9.

c (Q. E. D.). 10. . (

) () () upsilonacute, upsilonacute

cc, upsilonperispomene. upsilonasper()

(, ) upsilonperispomene , upsilongrave . cc

upsilonlenisperispomene . upsilongrave upsilonacute

() ., I.1 ()

: 2. ,, ; , , ; , upsilonacute,

. 3. , ( + ); , ; , , [lamp]. 4. ^,

, ^ . 7. c, ( , ).

8. , ... ; . 10.

, . upsilonacute(),

, -, , [angel ]

, -, , , ; ()

, -, - (), [parallel ]

, -, -, ()

, -, -, [thaumaturgy , ]

, -, -, , [palaeolithic ]

, c, c, ,

51

, ,

, , (-), ,

, ,,

, 2 , ,

(, , + ),

, , (), ,

, ..(+); ...(+); ...(+)

-, , . : ....

1. ;

. 2. . 3.

. 4.

; . 5. . 6.

.

I. :

1. upsilonlenis . 2. upsilonlenis

upsilongrave

upsilonperispomene. 3. upsilonperispomene upsilonlenisperispomene upsilonperispomene . 4.

upsilongrave . 5.

.

II. :

1. ? 2.

. 3. . 4.

. 5. ,

.

'

, ' -

;

Sappho, fragment 16.

15

:

101. .

.

, .

- -. -

.

102. .

.

(a) -:

(1) (23) .

(2) () .

.

(3) () .

(b) -:

(1) .

(2) .

(3) .1

103.

. Acute Circum-

ex, Acute Acute.

1 2 (: , ) ;

.

52

53

104.

. (, , ; ):

() ()

() ()

() ()

() ()

() ()

() ()

()2

() ()

() ()

() ()

upsilonperispomene () upsilonperispomene ()

() ()

upsilonperispomene () ()

()

A.3 .

B. / .

1. , upsilonperispomene . 2. upsilonlenis , '

. 3. upsilonperispomene . 4.

' . 5. 6.

. 7.

upsilonlenisupsilongrave upsilongrave upsilongrave upsilonperispomene Cc upsilonperispomene upsilonacute

upsilonlenis. 8. . ()

.

2 - + . = + +

. .3 A, B, C, .

.

.

54

() ( )

(, , ), ,

() ;

upsilonlenisperispomene ( ) upsilonacute (... )

upsilonperispomene () , upsilonasperperispomene .

upsilonacute (). upsilonlenisperispomene

(), ()

(, ).

c (). , (,

) (..., ...), (

).

: 1. , : ,

. 2. = .

4. , ; (, ) . 5. , (, 2

). 6. , ; , (); , ; , .

7. , ; upsilonacute, , +; upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene,

; upsilonlenis, , . 8.

upsilonacute()22.

, -, ,

, -, -, ()

, -, -,

, 2 ,

upsilonacute, -, , (upsilonacute )

, c, c, ...; 3, () [heterodox

]

, -, , ()

upsilonacute, -, ,

, -, ,

, ,, ( )

, -, , , , ; , ... ...

55

,, ,

, -, ,

,

1. . 2.

. 3. ,

(). 4.

. 5. . 6.

.

I. :

1. c . 2.

. 3.

, upsilonperispomene ( ). 4. upsilonlenis c c

5. upsilongrave

.

II. :

1. (), . 2.

. 3.

. (upsilonlenis) . 4.

. 5.

.

4

,

. 5

.

()

; .

. ,

; upsilonacute .

. , .

() .

() .

(447432 B.C.E.)

. ()

. () , ()

. .

(American School of Classical Studies in Athens)

.

.

.

(Attalos upsilonperispomene 4)()

.

.

.

16

..

105. -:(a) , , .

(b) .

(c) . , (=

-upsilonlenis).

106. , ,.

, , upsilonperispomene

. .



upsilonperispomene

107. (, , , ) -

. : , , , , upsilonperispomene, ,

upsilonperispomene. . : ,

; , ; , .

108. -

. : , ( ).

109. . - -

. : ,

, ,; upsilonacute ( -), , . -

- . : (), ,

, .

110. 1

( ). : , 1 .

8.

111. 1 2 (

57

58

):

1 2

upsilonacute upsilonasper

upsilonperispomene () upsilonperispomene () upsilonasper

() () upsilonasper

() () upsilonasper

(oblique cases) ; upsilonacute

.

112. 3 upsilonlenis. 12.

113. . 12.

A. upsilonacute .

B. upsilonacute .

1. . 2. upsilonlenis () upsilonperispomene

, upsilonlenis upsilonperispomene

. c , upsilonlenis upsilonperispomene

. 3. upsilonacute upsilonlenis upsilonperispomene. 4. upsilonlenis

c . 5.

upsilonasper 6. upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene. 7. upsilonacute

upsilonlenis . 8. c 9. .

upsilongrave () .

upsilonlenis, , , () . upsilonasper

upsilonlenis . upsilonlenis () , upsilonacute.

c, upsilonlenis upsilonperispomene , upsilongrave upsilonlenis upsilonlenis , upsilongrave

().

: 1. (), , (:, ). 2. , ...(+);

, . , . 3. upsilonacute, (:upsilonacute, ); , . 4. ,

() ; c, , ; c, . 6. upsilonperispomene,

, . 7. upsilonperispomene, ; upsilonlenis, ( 17 ); , (

). 9. , ...; , ; , (: , ).

, -, , ( , -, -, ,)

59

, -, -,

c, -, c, ,

, , ,

, , , ; (), [ballistic ]

, -, -, , (, )

upsilonacute, , , , ,

c, . (; +, )

, , , ( ;

, , , ,

, , , ..., .. (+ ,

)

, , , (; : upsilonperispomene,

, , , ..., , [economy ]

1. . 2.

. 3.

; . 4.

. 5.

. 6. ,.

I. :

1. upsilonperispomene c upsilonasperacute , . 2.

. 3. upsilonlenis . 4.

. 5. upsilongrave

upsilonacute upsilongrave .

II. :

1. , ? 2. ;

. 3.

. 4.

. 5. .

17

-upsilonacute, -, -upsilonacute -, -.

114. -upsilonacute, -, -upsilonacute , upsilonacute

. :

upsilonacute upsilonacute



115. -

. . ,

.

/ /


116. 1 2 .

-upsilonperispomene, - (-), -upsilonperispomene; -upsilonperispomene, - (-), -upsilonperispomene.

c Circumex. : upsilonperispomene, ,

upsilonperispomene, , upsilonperispomene, , upsilonperispomene, . pp. 160161

.

117. Elision.

( : ,

). (elision). : ' < .

60

61

118. Crasis.

.

. . : upsilonlenis < upsilonlenis.

A. upsilonlenis .

B. upsilongrave .

1. . 2. upsilonlenis ,

. 3. ,

upsilonacute. 4. upsilonlenis ,

. 5. . 6. upsilonlenis .

7. . 8.

. 9. upsilonlenis upsilongrave upsilonlenis. 10.

upsilonlenis .

: 1. , (: ,,); ,,. 3. ,

. 4. , . 5. , . 6. , , ; , ,

, ; , , . 7. , . 9. , (19),

; upsilonlenis, . 10. , (); , (19),

....

, -, , ,

, -, , (, , ...)

, -,

upsilonperispomene, -, -upsilonperispomene, ,

upsilonacute, -, -upsilonacute, ,

upsilonacute, -, -upsilonacute, ,

, -,

upsilonlenis, -, ,

upsilonlenis, -,

, -, -, ,

, -, -, (),

upsilonperispomene, -, -upsilonperispomene, ,

, -,

, -, , ,

62

, 2 ,

, () ... ()

, ... , ... , ... ... (upsilonlenis

upsilonlenis)

1. . 2.

. 3. , ()() (

). 4. . 5.

. 6. ,

.

I. :

1. upsilonperispomene upsilongrave upsilongrave

upsilonperispomene . 2. c c 3. upsilonlenis

upsilonlenisupsilonperispomene. upsilonlenis upsilonlenisperispomene upsilonperispomene . 4. upsilonperispomene

, upsilonperispomene upsilonlenis . 5. upsilonperispomene

' upsilonasper

II. :

1. . 2.

. 3. ? 4.

. 5. .

18

, , upsilonacute

119. , ,1, , upsilonacute, ,

.



upsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonacute

A. ;

cupsilonacute .

B. .

C. upsilonlenis ' upsilonperispomene.

1. .

. 2. c. 3. upsilonlenis ,

upsilonacute. 4. upsilonperispomene upsilonasper ..

5.

. 6. , upsilonlenis

, , upsilongrave () , . 7.

1 ( );

( ); .

63

64

.

upsilongrave upsilonacute , Cc

(). upsilonlenis upsilonperispomene. upsilonlenisperispomene upsilongrave upsilongrave

upsilongrave . upsilongrave

() ( ).

upsilonlenisperispomene upsilonlenis upsilonlenisupsilongrave .

upsilonperispomene upsilonlenis Cc

.

: 2. c, (c,,,: ,). 5. ,

; , , [crater ]. 6. , ; , . 7.

upsilonlenisupsilongrave , (); upsilonlenis , ... ().

, -, , , , , , , [agony , ]

, -, ,

, -, ,


, , ,

, -, -,

, -, -,

, , , ,

, , , , ; ,()-

upsilonacute, , upsilonacute, , (); , ()

, ()

, 2 , ,

upsilonacute (, +),

upsilonperispomene (), ,

,

upsilonasper, , , ..., ...; , ...

1. (-

+ ). 2. . 3.

() (). 4.

. 5.

65

. 6.

, .

I. :

1. . 2.

. 3. upsilonlenis upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene . 4.

upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene upsilonlenisupsilonperispomene. 5.

, upsilonacute.

: 5. p. 54.

II. :

1. . 2.

. 3. . 4.

. 5.

.

19

- , 2

120. , , , :

upsilonlenisperispomene upsilonlenisperispomene

upsilonlenisacute upsilonlenis

upsilonlenisacute upsilonlenisperispomene upsilonlenisacute upsilonlenisperispomene

upsilonlenisperispomene upsilonlenisacute

121. .

122. upsilonacute, , , , , ,

2.

. 2.

upsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene

upsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonacute


upsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene

upsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonperispomene

upsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonperispomene upsilonacute upsilonperispomene


123. upsilonacute.

124. : , , ,

, , ( ).

.

66

67


upsilonperispomene upsilonacute upsilonperispomene







A. upsilonacute ., .

B. , . , , .

1. upsilonacute upsilonperispomene. 2. , ,

.. 3.

upsilonperispomene. upsilonperispomene

. upsilongrave upsilonlenis,

. 4. upsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonperispomene / upsilonperispomene, upsilonperispomene, upsilonperispomene

c. 5. (). Cc

upsilongrave .

upsilonacute upsilongrave (), .

upsilonasperperispomene () upsilonlenis

upsilonperispomene upsilonacute upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene, upsilonlenis,

() c () upsilonlenis

upsilonperispomene .()

: 2. ... ..., ......; , , (: , , , , ). 3.

, ; upsilonperispomene, , [spi-

ral ]; , ; c, [pterodactyl , helicopter ]; , . 4.

upsilonacute, ; upsilonacute (= ) , ,

; upsilonperispomene, upsilonperispomene, , ; upsilonperispomene, , , 2. 5.

, .

, -, , [brachycephalic, ()]

upsilonacute, , , , [orthodontist, ]

, -, -, ,

68

, -, -, ; , ... [mesozoic, ]

, 2,; ,

, 2 , , [mathematics]

, , , ()

upsilonperispomene, ? ?

, ...

1. () ;

. 2. .

3. , . 4.

() () () () ()

? 5. ( )

. 6. ( )

.

I. :

1. . 2. c

upsilonlenis . 3. upsilonperispomene

. 4. upsilonasper

(). 5. upsilonperispomene c.

II. :

1. . 2.

.

. 3. () . 4.

(). 5.

.

20

- 1 . - 2

125. 1 upsilonacute, , :

upsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonperispomene



upsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonperispomene




126. , -, -, ,2

, , 1 , , .

127. 2 , , , ,

:

2

: , , , 2 -, -, - (

) .

128. 2 upsilonacute, , upsilonacute, ,

69

70

:

2

upsilonacute upsilonperispomene upsilonacute upsilonperispomene





upsilonperispomene upsilonacute upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene upsilonacute upsilonperispomene


A. ' / , -

..

B. upsilonacute ..

1. upsilonlenis c . 2. upsilonacute upsilonacute. 3.

upsilonasperacute .. 4.

upsilonperispomene , upsilonacute upsilonacute. 5.

upsilongrave .

6. upsilonperispomene upsilonacute. 7. upsilonperispomene upsilonlenis upsilonacute ,

upsilonlenis upsilonacute . 8. upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene

. 9. upsilonlenisperispomene upsilonperispomene ' upsilonlenisperispomene .

10. upsilonasper upsilonperispomene 11. upsilonacute

upsilonlenisupsilongrave ,

' . 12. . upsilonacute

upsilonperispomene , upsilonlenisupsilongrave () . upsilongrave

upsilonlenisupsilonperispomene , () , upsilonlenis

upsilongrave () upsilonlenis upsilonacute -

, upsilonacute (), () upsilongrave

; upsilonperispomene () .

: 1. , (). 2. upsilonacute, . 4. , ,

; , , , . 5. , ; ,

; (), . 6. (), , . 7. upsilonperispomene

, (, 21 ; ); upsilonacute,

. 8. , ; , ; upsilonperispomene, ; (1

71

), , . 9. upsilonperispomene (), ; , , , ; -

, . 10. , -, ; upsilonperispomene () .

. 11. upsilonacute, , ; , , , ,

; , ; , , ; , ; , , ,

; , upsilonacute, , , . 12. , ,

, ; , , ; , , , ;

, 40; (2), .

, -, ,

, -, , ; ,

, -, , ,

, -, , , (

, 6000)

upsilonacute, -, , ,


, -, ,

, -, , ,

, ,

, ,

, , , ,; ()

, , (+)

, ,

, (),,

upsilonlenisperispomene (),

upsilonlenisupsilonacute (), ,

(), ,

, 30

1. ()

. 2.

. 3. (, -, )

() . 4. . 5.

, 6. ,

.

72

I. :

1. (). 2.

upsilongrave . 3. upsilongrave upsilongrave upsilonperispomene,

. 4. upsilonperispomene

5. upsilongrave .

II. :

1. . 2.

? 3.

. 4. ,

. 5. .

21

129. .

, , , , .

130. , , .

: , upsilonacute upsilonperispomene. ,

, . : , upsilonacute;

, ; ,

upsilonlenisacute ; () ,

.

131.

. /, , , , , ,

,

. :

, . ,

()

,. , . ()

. upsilonacute , . ()

.1 , . ()

, , .

, upsilonlenisperispomene , upsilonlenis upsilonperispomene. ()

. () . ()

.

; .

132.

, . ( quod

+ .) ...

. : .

1 .

73

74

, .

133. . ,

..., , ..., , ...,

. .

upsilonacute . ().

. .

upsilongrave .2

.

134. . (

):

, .

.

135. , .

, .

. .

. ,

.

136. , ,

;

, .

.

(). upsilonperispomene upsilonacute.

. upsilonacute upsilongrave .

upsilonlenis .

.

( ; 24.)

A. , , ' c / ;

..

B. .

C. upsilonperispomene /

2 .

75

upsilonacute..

1. upsilonlenis .. 2.

upsilonacute 3. , upsilonperispomene

upsilonacute.. 4. upsilonacute .

. 5. upsilongrave . 6. upsilonacute upsilonlenis

. , upsilonlenisperispomene upsilonlenis , upsilonlenis .

7. c upsilonlenis

.. 8. c

..

: 2. , upsilonacute, ... , . 3. () ;

( ); () . 5. , () [Thesaurus

, ]. 6. upsilonacute, , ; , () ( upsilonlenis

); , . 7. upsilonlenis, ... (

:upsilonlenis, ) , upsilonacute,,; , ; , ; ,

(:, ).

, -, , , , [barbarian, ]

c, , , ,

upsilonacute, -, -upsilonacute, , [baritone]; upsilonacute (17)

, c, c, ,

, , , ...,

upsilonacute, . (+ )

, 2 , ... (+ ); , ,

..(+ )

upsilonacute (+ ), ...

1. ( ),

(). 2.

. 3. . 4.

. 5. ?,

, . 6.

.

76

I. :

1. upsilonperispomene upsilonacute, . 2.

, upsilonlenisperispomene . 3. upsilonasperacute 4.

() , upsilonlenisupsilongrave

. 5. upsilongrave , ,

upsilonlenis ; .

II. :

1. , . 2.

. 3. ,

. 4. 30

? 5. .

22

,

137. , , , : , , , ,

, .

138. , ,

. .

. .

.

1 2







2

-

-

-

-

-

139. , , 138

. (1516)

77

78

2

140. , 1

. 2,

. (

.)

141. .

.

142. :

(a) . (

) .

:() ()

(= + ) ,

( ) , , .

(b) . ( ) .

:

( ) , () , upsilonperispomene ,

.(c) ,

(... , ), (), , (),

.

143. , upsilonlenis.

A. ..

79

B. ' upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene upsilonacute,

..

1. ', c . 2. upsilonacute upsilondieresisacute .

. 3. upsilonperispomene ' upsilonacute . 4. A. upsilonasperperispomene

B. . A. / , ..

5. .

, (

, + ) , upsilongrave ()

(upsilonlenis ),

c .

upsilonlenis . upsilonlenis, , upsilonlenis ,

upsilonperispomene () ` ' upsilonacute. upsilonperispomene upsilonacute

.

: 2. upsilondieresisacute, ... (+ ). 3. upsilonperispomene, (), , , ; '

= . 4. , upsilonlenis upsilonlenis 5. , +

. (13)

, -, ,

upsilonacute, , , [cynic ]

, , , (: , ) [homonym ]

,

, , , , ()

upsilonacute, , [acoustics ]

,

, [gnomic ()] ()

, , upsilonacute, , [thaumatology ]()

, 2 , ... ...

, (),

, ,

(), ,

h

486/5 B.C.E.

482/1 B.C.E.

() h

472/1 B.C.E.

5

Politics() .

. , , .

. (ostracism) .

()

. 6000

10 .

, .

.

403/2 .

. , (

) () .

81

1. , . 2.

, , . 3.

. 4. ,

. 5. ()

. 6.

.

I. :

1. upsilonacute. 2. upsilongrave

. 3. upsilongrave upsilonlenis

. 4. upsilongrave

. 5. upsilonperispomene , upsilongrave .

II. :

1. . 2.

. 3.

, . 4.

. 5.

.

23

. , ,

144. ,

, 2.

145. :

(a) - . , , 1, 2 .(b) - . 2

.

146. :

(a) (- )

upsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonacuteupsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonacuteupsilonacute1 upsilonacute upsilonacute

upsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonacuteupsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonacuteupsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonacute

1 2upsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonacute2 upsilonacute1 upsilonacute


(b) - (- )

1 . 2

2 -, -, - .

82

83

3 4 ,

2

, , , , ()

-, -, -

. .

147. , , ,

, 1, 25

. , , , .

. upsilonperispomene upsilonacute.

. upsilonperispomene upsilonacute.

148. ,

. .

upsilonperispomene . ! , !

149. ,

,. .

upsilonperispomene !

A. \ , ;

c ' , . upsilonacute .

upsilonperispomene upsilonacute' .

,

1. upsilongrave upsilongrave , upsilonlenis

.. 2. , upsilonperispomene

. 3. upsilonperispomene upsilonacute ' upsilonlenis. 4.

3 .4 .52 .

84

upsilonperispomene upsilonacute upsilonlenis upsilongrave . 5.

upsilongrave upsilonlenis , upsilonlenisupsilongrave upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene

. upsilonlenis ; upsilonlenis upsilonperispomene ,

upsilonlenis . 6. upsilonacute upsilonlenis . 7.

.

2. , (: gubernator, governor) [cybernetics ]. 3.

upsilonacute (:, ), . 5. , (24

); , . 7. ,

[caustic, (), ()]; , [Dodecanese, ()];

, - 2 e o (15).

upsilonperispomene, , , [navy < navis, nauta](, upsilonperispomene; , , , upsilonperispomene)

, -, , , , [plethora , ]

, -, , ,

, -, -, ,

, -, -, , ; () ...; ()

, , , (: );

, , ( , ), ,

, 2 , , [esophagus ]

, , , (:upsilonperispomene, , )

, ; (+ )

(), ...

, ()

(), ...

,

, ...

1. . 2.

(upsilonacute + ). 3.

. 4. ,

. 5. . 6.

.

85

I. :

1. upsilonacute upsilonacute , . 2.

, c 3. upsilongrave

. 4.

upsilonacute upsilonperispomene . 5.

c .

II. :

1. . 2.

. 3.

? ? 4.

. 5.

.

24

.

150. . "-"

. :

+ ( ) ( ) +

. , .

, , .

151. .

. :

+ ( )

. upsilonperispomene,

upsilonlenisupsilonperispomene.

(22, 142)

.

152. , .

, .

.

153. ,

. (: , ) ,

. 1

.

2

. .

.

86

87

. upsilonperispomene . . upsilonperispomene . c upsilonperispomene ( ).

. upsilonperispomene . . upsilonperispomene . . c upsilonperispomene ( ).

. upsilonperispomene c. . upsilonperispomene c. . c upsilonperispomene c ( c).

154. ,

:

(a) 1 .

(b) 2 , 1

. ;

2 .

upsilonperispomene , . .

upsilonperispomene , .

( upsilonperispomene , ).

155. (: )

.

156. .

. upsilonlenisupsilongrave .

. upsilonlenisupsilongrave ( ).

157.

. : upsilonperispomene , ().

.

:

(a) . upsilonperispomene .(b) . upsilonperispomene

.(c) . upsilonperispomene

.

88

A. ; ..

B. upsilonasper , .

.

1. , , upsilonlenis

upsilonlenis .. 2. 3.

, upsilonlenis . 4. upsilonlenis ,

. 5. . upsilonasper

() upsilonlenis , () upsilonlenis, upsilonperispomene

, . C

() . upsilonlenis ,

upsilonlenisupsilongrave . C upsilonacute upsilonperispomene, ()

, upsilonacute ( ), .

, () upsilonlenis upsilongrave upsilonasperacute .

, ()

: 1. , (: , , , ) [thermometer ]. 2. ,

. 4. , (: , , ).

, -, , ,

, -, , ,


upsilonasper, -, -, , ; upsilonasper =

upsilonasperacute, -, -, [hysteron proteron > (

)]

, -, , , (: ) [agnostic

]

, , , [monogamous ()]

, , ( )

upsilonacute, , , , ( )

, 2 ,

, ,

upsilonperispomene, , ( -)

(, ), (: upsilonperispomene)

89

, ?

1. ? 2.

. 3.

. 4. ()

. 5. . 6.

.

I. :

1. upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene . 2.

, upsilonlenisupsilongrave . 3.

upsilongrave . 4.

, . 5.

upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene , , , upsilonasper .

II. :

1. , . 2.

? 3.

? 4.

. 5. .

25

. . .

158. , .

()

(: upsilonacute, , upsilonacute, ).

.

, .

(deponent ).

159. , , ,

. .

160. , 12

. 1.1

- -- -- -

-

161. :

/ upsilonacute-- upsilonacute---upsilonacute- () upsilonacute-- ()upsilonacute-- upsilonacute---

-- ---upsilonacute-- upsilonacute---upsilonacute-- upsilonacute---

upsilonacute-- upsilonacute---

1- 2 - - -- - -

-(, - -).

90

91

upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene 2 (-) upsilonperispomene

upsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene

upsilonperispomene

162. . : -

upsilonacute, , , , . -

. : upsilonperispomene.

163. .

, :

(-)

164. -, -, -3.

. : , , upsilonacute-

, upsilonacute, , , .

: , , ,

, , , .

165. , ,

upsilonlenis . 1

, 2 ,

.

. upsilonperispomene upsilonlenis .

. .

(

upsilonlenis) . .

.

2 .3- .

92

166. .

upsilonlenisupsilonacute, .

A. c ..

B. . upsilonlenis upsilonacute c..

C. c', / ,

..

1. , . 2.

3. upsilonlenis ' upsilonacute. 4.

upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene . 5.


. , upsilonlenis, , .(

) 6. . upsilonacute upsilonacute

, ;

upsilonacute ( ) upsilonacute (), upsilonasperperispomene upsilonlenisacute

upsilonlenisacute upsilonlenis upsilonacute . upsilonasperacute

() .

1. , (, ); , [democracy]. 2. , , ; ,

. 5. (), , : ; , , (: ); , =

et cetera. 6. upsilonacute, ...; , .

upsilonacutec, , ,

, -, , (: , )

, , (: , ) [dinosaur]

upsilonacute, -, upsilonacute, ,; , ,

, , (26),, .... (),

: , ,

, , (31), (

)

upsilonacute, , , () [dynamite]

, upsilonacute, , ,

, (; )

, , (; );

93

, , () [claustrophobia]

(), , , ()

upsilonperispomene, upsilonacute, upsilonperispomene, (: upsilonperispomene)

1. . 2.

. 3.

. 4. ( ) . 5.

. 6.

.

I. :

1. upsilonperispomene , upsilonacute

2. upsilonacute . 3. ,

upsilonlenis . 4. , upsilonasper upsilongrave

. 5. , upsilonlenis c upsilonlenis upsilonperispomene.

II. :

1. . 2.

. 3.

. 4. . 5.

, .

26

, 2 .

167. 2:

- --1 -- -

168. :

- 2

-upsilonacute -upsilonacute -

-upsilonacute -upsilonacute -

2 - -

upsilonacute upsilonacute 3 upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene

upsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene

169. :

(a) ...

.

1 2 - - 2 --

; 1 - -.2 3, , .

94

95

.

. upsilonperispomene

.

(b) ... , ... , ...

, , :

1. .

..., ... .

. upsilonlenis upsilonperispomene

.

. upsilongrave .

(). upsilongrave ,

.

2.

:

1 .

. .

2 .

. .

. .

A. ' upsilonlenis .

B. upsilonacute upsilonlenis, ..

C. upsilonacute upsilonlenis ; upsilonacute upsilonlenis upsilonacute

upsilonlenisperispomene; ..

1. ' .. 2. '

. 3. , upsilonlenisupsilongrave .. 4.

upsilonperispomene . 5. c, c

upsilonperispomene .. 6. upsilonlenis

upsilonacute upsilonperispomene upsilonasper , ' upsilonasper' upsilonlenis.. 7.

. upsilongrave c upsilongrave ,

upsilonacute () . () upsilongrave

upsilonlenisupsilonacute, upsilonasperperispomene upsilonlenis upsilonasper upsilonlenis upsilonasper

, upsilonlenis upsilonasper c () upsilonlenis upsilonasper () upsilonlenis

96

upsilonasper , ' upsilonasper upsilonperispomene () c

( ) . upsilonperispomene upsilongrave upsilongrave

. ()

: C. , . 2. = , . 3.

(), ; , . 4. , . 5. , (, ); ,

(- ), . 6. upsilonlenis (upsilonlenisperispomene ), , ; upsilonasper,

...(30); upsilonlenis, upsilonlenis(37). 7. , .

, -, , , ()

, -, ,

, -, , , [hour]

, -, -, , (, ) [idiot, idiom]

, -, -, ,

upsilonacute,

, -, () ( + , ; :, )

, , , (+ ); (:

, )

upsilonacute, , ,

upsilonlenis, (+ : upsilonlenisperispomene + )

, upsilonperispomene, (+ )

upsilonacute, -, , ,

, ..., ...

, ..., ...

, ..., ...

, ..., ...

, ..., ...

,

1. . 2.

(upsilonacute + ). 3.

. 4. ( )

. 5.

. 6.

97

.

I. :

1. upsilonacute . 2.

, upsilongrave . 3. , upsilonlenis upsilonlenisperispomene,

upsilonlenis upsilonacute . 4.

upsilonacute upsilonlenisperispomene upsilongrave . 5.

.

II. :

1. . 2.

,

. 3. .

4. . 5.

.

27

1 ..

170. :

1 upsilonacute upsilonacuteupsilonacute upsilonacute

upsilonacute , -, -

171. upsilonlenis. 1 2

3. 3 -

. 3. upsilonlenis

.

172. :

1( ) 2( )

upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene (upsilonperispomene) () () () () ()

upsilonlenis upsilonlenis upsilonasper upsilonlenis upsilonasper upsilonlenis upsilonlenis upsilonlenis upsilonasper upsilonlenis upsilonasper upsilonlenis upsilonlenisupsilonacute upsilonlenis upsilonasper upsilonlenisupsilonacute upsilonasper upsilonlenis

3( ) ( ) ( )

upsilonperispomene (upsilonasperupsilonperispomene) (upsilonasper) upsilonperispomene (upsilonasperupsilonperispomene) (upsilonasper) (upsilonasper) (upsilonasper) (upsilonasper) (upsilonasper) (upsilonasper)

98

99

(upsilonasper) (upsilonasper) (upsilonasper) (upsilonasper) (upsilonasper) (upsilonasper)upsilonacute (upsilonasperupsilonacute) (upsilonasper) (upsilonasper)

173. , , , upsilonasper. c

, . 3 upsilonlenis

. : upsilonlenisupsilonperispomene, upsilonlenis, upsilonlenis.

174. .

(: 16), : upsilonperispomene ,

.

175. :

+ +

+ +

176. :

. , .

. upsilonperispomene

, upsilonlenis .

A. upsilonperispomene c .

.

B. upsilonlenis ; c upsilonlenisperispomene

C ; . . . , .

.

1. , ' upsilonasper 2.

.. 3. cupsilonacute upsilonacute / upsilonacute,

; ' .

4. upsilonperispomene , ,

' upsilonacute upsilonlenis

upsilonperispomene, ,

' ..

100

5. . , ,

() upsilongrave , upsilongrave ,

c () . (),

, upsilonasperacute () ,

. upsilonlenisperispomene , ' (), upsilonasperperispomene

upsilonperispomene upsilonacute upsilonlenisperispomene upsilonlenisupsilonperispomene upsilonacute

, ( ) ,

c () upsilonlenis upsilonacute , .

c , ()

upsilonlenis (). . ()

, , upsilonacute . upsilonlenisacute (

?) upsilonacute (), ' , upsilonasperacute

. ()

: 1. , [mimic]. 2. , ; = + ; ,

( ). 3. cupsilonacute, 60; upsilonacute (), ; ,

; , .... 4. , upsilonperispomene ; , ; (), ; , ...

; , ; , ( , 13 );

= . 5. , ; , ; , ; . . . , ...

...; , (); , .

, -, , (upsilonacute, , )

, -, -, ?

, -, -, ()?

+,

, c, c, [didactic]

, ,

, , ( ),

upsilonlenisperispomene, , ()

,

, ...(;: upsilonperispomene)

upsilonlenisupsilonperispomene, , ...?;

1. ? 2. (

101

) ,

. 3.

. 4.

. 5. ()

. 6. ?

I. :

1. , upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene

; upsilonasperacute upsilonlenis . 2. upsilonlenis upsilonlenis upsilonlenisupsilongrave

upsilonperispomene. 3. upsilongrave

. 4. upsilonlenisupsilonperispomene ; upsilonlenis upsilongrave

. 5. ;

upsilonlenis .

II. :

1.

. 2.

. 3. ? 4.

. 5.

, .

6 :

5 :

, , .

.

. .

.

.

28

. .

177. 1(22)1

. :

upsilonacute 1 upsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonacute upsilonacute

1 2upsilonacute -\upsilonacute -upsilonacute - -upsilonacute -upsilonacute -

178. 1, ( )

. upsilonperispomene upsilonacute upsilonperispomene . .

A. cupsilonacute c; upsilonlenis

' upsilonacute..

B. , upsilonperispomene upsilonlenis upsilongrave

..

1. .. 2.

, , .. 3. upsilonacute, '

upsilonasper . 4.

1() () .

103

104

upsilonperispomene c C.

upsilongrave upsilonacute upsilonperispomene c. c upsilonlenis

, , upsilonacute

upsilonlenisacute, upsilonacute .

upsilongrave . upsilonperispomene

upsilonperispomene upsilonacute , upsilonlenis upsilonperispomene

, upsilonacute, () .(). 5.

C , upsilonlenisacute upsilonlenisacute ()

upsilonlenisacute upsilonacute. c upsilonlenis c

. upsilonasper upsilonlenis upsilonlenis upsilonacute , upsilonlenis

() . ()

: 1. (), ; , . 4. , , [peripatetic

]; upsilonacutec, ( ); ; ,

(upsilonacute, ); upsilonlenisacute, , (upsilonlenisperispomene + upsilonperispomene); , (); ,

, [paradise]; , (); , (); , , ()

(upsilonperispomene). 5. , [acolyte, ]; , ; ,

(); , 24, 154 ; ,

, -, , , , ; ...

, -, , ,

c, -, , ; ; ; [xenophobia]

, -, , [phonograph]

, -, -, , () [archaeology]

, -, , ,

upsilonacute, upsilonacute, , , [analyse]

. , , , [protreptic]; , , ,

upsilonasper, upsilonasper, upsilonasper,

, c, upsilonacutec, ; , ... [prophylactic (

)]

(+), ...

(+), ..., ...

(),

105

1. . 2.

. 3. ( + )

. 4. . 5.

. 6.

.

I. :

1. , upsilonlenis upsilonlenisupsilongrave

. 2. upsilonlenisupsilonperispomene 3.

, upsilonacute upsilonperispomene . 4.

5.

; ' upsilonlenisperispomene upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene

upsilonlenis .

II. :

1. . 2.

? 3.

. 4. ? 5.

.

29

179. 22

. :

(a) :

-- - - --1 - - -upsilonacute-- -- -- - - -upsilonacute-- -- -- - - -

-- - - -- - - -upsilonacute-- -- -- - - -upsilonacute-- -- -- - - -

(b) :

1 2

--- - -- -- --2 --upsilonacute--- upsilonacute- -- -- - -upsilonacute--- upsilonacute- -- -- - -

--- - -- -- -- --upsilonacute--- upsilonacute- -- -- - -upsilonacute--- upsilonacute- -- -- - -

A. , , .

, .

, upsilonperispomene .

, upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene

..

1. upsilonacute.. 2. upsilonlenisupsilongrave

.. 3. '

upsilonacute .. 4. upsilonperispomene , upsilonlenisacute

upsilonacute upsilonlenisacute'

1() () .2 () .

106

107

, upsilonlenis' upsilonlenis ; ' ,

.. 5. .

, ' upsilonlenisupsilongrave ^ upsilonlenis

(). upsilonacute upsilonperispomene , upsilonacute

upsilonperispomene . upsilonlenis upsilonacute (

), upsilongrave upsilonacute. upsilonperispomene

upsilonacute (

). () () .

, ' upsilonacute, upsilonlenis upsilonperispomene,

().

: 1. , . 2. , , . 3. upsilonacute (),

(, []); , (). 4. , ; upsilonlenisacute'

, ... (: upsilonlenis , ...); , : upsilonacute,

, -, , () [athletic]

, -, , [Hellas]

, -, , , (: )

, c ( ), . ,

, , [theory]

upsilonacute, -, , [pore, ]

, upsilonacute, , , .

, +, , ,

, ... (+; )

, , (); - ... (: -)

(), +, ..., ...; +, ..., ...

1. .

2. . 3.

. 4. ( c)

. 5.

() . 6.

.

108

I. :

1. , upsilonperispomene

upsilonacute. 2. upsilonacute

upsilonacute. 3. ;

upsilonlenis , upsilonlenis. 4. upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene

, upsilonlenis upsilonlenisperispomene . 5. upsilonacute, upsilongrave c upsilonlenis

.

II. :

1. ()

. 2. 30

. 3. . 4. ,

( ) . 5.

.

30

180. . 1

( ) (, ,

) .

.

. --

. -

.

(), (),

().

() 2

.

181. :

1

upsilonacute ,

upsilonacute

upsilonacute

upsilonacute

upsilonacute

upsilonacute

:

109

110

2

,

.

: 182. 1:1

183. .

, .

184. upsilonasper + . upsilonasper

upsilonacute, .

185. 1 1 --,

-/-, .:

1

-

2

, , , ,

12: , -, , -, , -.

111

A.

upsilonlenisacute , upsilonlenis

' upsilonlenis ; , upsilonlenis

.

B. , , ' ,

, ' .

1. ; ,

. 2. ,

upsilonacute . 3. upsilongrave . 4.

upsilonacute , .

upsilongrave upsilonlenisperispomene upsilonacute ;

upsilonacute

. 5. ( [hermit]),

(),

() , upsilonperispomene ,

upsilonlenis . . . upsilonlenis upsilonperispomene , (2)

upsilonacute () .

: 1. , (, ); , (: , ); ,

(, , ). 4. upsilonacute, 1 , 2 ;

, . 5. , : ; upsilonlenis, ; (),

upsilonacute, -, , , (: upsilonacute)

, -, ,

, -, -, ,

, , , ()2

, c, c, ,

, -, , , . ( ...) [icon]

upsilonacute, ;, () (+)

2 .

.

112

(), , ( + )

, !(), ,

1. . 2. ,

. 3.

. 4.

. 5.

. 6.

.

I. :

1. , . 2. upsilongrave

c. 3. , upsilonasper

4. upsilongrave

. 5.

upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene .

II. :

1. . 2.

, . 3.

. 4. ,

. 5. .

31

1 2

186. (perfect) (

).

. :

, () ; , ().

pluperfect .

.

. : , .

187.

2.

, . : < upsilonacute.

.

. : < .

, .

. :

188. ,

. : , 2 . 2

.

189. upsilonacute 1 2

:

, , , ,

. . .

upsilonacute

upsilonacute

upsilonacute

2:

113

114

,

.

190. :

191.

. :

192. - . : , , -

(, ).

193.

, . , ,

.

. upsilonacute, , , :

upsilonacute

upsilonacute

upsilonacute() () () ()

upsilonacute

upsilonacute

upsilonacute

115

194. .

195. . .

(a) (, , )(, ,

). : upsilonacute, .

(b) , , ,

. : < . .

: < .

(c) . :

.

A. .

B. upsilonasper , ,

upsilonperispomene, ; , upsilonlenis, ,

upsilonlenisacute .

C. upsilonacute' ,

.

1. , . 2. c upsilongrave

. 3. upsilonlenis upsilonperispomene,

. 4. (405

B.C.E.). , , ,

upsilonperispomene ,

. ' upsilonlenis , upsilonlenis upsilongrave

upsilonperispomene, upsilongrave upsilonlenis upsilonacute,

upsilongrave . upsilonasper .

5. . -

, ,

( ). upsilonacute

, . (

) , ( ) upsilonperispomene upsilonacute

c (). upsilonlenis () .

upsilonlenis (.... ), , upsilonacute

upsilonacute.

116

: 1. , 2. c, (: , ) [taxidermi, ]

3. , (, , ); , 2 ;

(+), . 4. , 3 ; ,

( ); upsilonacute, , ; = + ; , ;

, [cemetery]; , ; , ( 2

). 5. + ( ), () ...

upsilonlenis + , ....

, -, ,

, -, , ,

, -, -, [macrocosm ]

, -, -, ...(); ...

, , (2 ), , (2

), ; (2)

, c, , ,

,

upsilonacute, ...(+ )

, ...,... (+ )

, , , , ;, [pathetic]

, (); ();()

1. . 2.

.

3. . 4.

. 5. ,

. 6. .

I. :

1. upsilonacute, , upsilonasper

. 2. upsilonasper ,

. 3. upsilonacute , upsilonacute. 4.

upsilonperispomene ; upsilonlenis

117

, upsilongrave upsilonlenisupsilonperispomene. 5. ,

upsilonacute

II. :

1. , . 2.

. 3. ,

. 4. . 5.

.

118

7

,

, .

.

5 ,

.

.

.

.

.

32

.

196. , 1

-/- .

2.

197. :

upsilonacute


: upsilonperispomene

198.

. ,

-.

. : , , .

. 5, p. 173 .

199. .

,

.

. upsilonperispomene.

A. upsilonlenis .

119

120

B. upsilonasperacute .

C. upsilonlenis upsilonlenis ,

.

1. , . 2.

upsilonaspergrave upsilonperispomene . 3.

upsilongrave , upsilonacute

upsilonacute , c . upsilonlenisperispomene

upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene upsilonacute , () .

' upsilonlenisperispomene ( ) upsilongrave

upsilonacute

upsilongrave , upsilonlenis

. 4. . upsilonacute -

upsilonlenis (upsilonacute ),

( ) ' (...)

. upsilonacute () (

) upsilonperispomene () .

upsilonperispomene upsilonacute , upsilongrave ,

upsilonacute , (

), upsilonperispomene ( )

(), upsilonacute .

() ' upsilonlenisupsilongrave (

) . upsilonlenisperispomene upsilonacute upsilonlenisupsilonperispomene .

()

: 1. , ; ,. 2. ,, [skeptic]. 3. ,

; upsilonacute, , , ; + , ... , ;

, upsilonacute; +, ...; ,; ,. 4. ,

; , , ; upsilonacute, ; ,

; , , , .

, -, , , -, , upsilonacute, , , ( ), -upsilonperispomene, , upsilonacute, -, , upsilonasperacute, -, , ,

121

(),, , , , , , , (+ ); , c, c, , (: , ), , , , (+ ); () ;

,

, , ..., ..., (: )c, (), ();: [paleontology]

1. . 2.

. 3.

. 4. ,

. 5. ,

. 6. .

I. :

1. . 2.

. 3.

() ' (... )

upsilonasper' upsilonlenis. 4. ; upsilonacute. 5.

upsilonacute.

II. :

1.

. 2. . 3.

. 4. ( )

. 5. .

33

200. ,

. ,

, :

(a) : : <

: <

c: c <

(b) : : <

: <

: <

(c) : : < ()

: <

: < ()

(d) :

. (30.)

(, ) (, ) (, )

c

:

122

123

c

3, ,

.

A. upsilonlenisacute, upsilonacute .

B. c upsilonlenis .

1. . c upsilonasper

,

. upsilongrave upsilonasperupsilonperispomene

upsilonacute upsilonacute, upsilonperispomene ,

, .

upsilonacute , upsilonacute ;

, upsilonacute .(). 2.

. , upsilonlenis ,

() upsilonlenis upsilonperispomene

upsilonlenis ; '

' , ()

upsilonacute c () , upsilonasperacute . '

() upsilonlenis upsilonperispomene

c () , upsilonlenis' , ' upsilonlenis

c. (

) upsilonasper, upsilonlenis upsilonlenis upsilonlenis

, ' upsilonlenis . . .

() upsilonacute cupsilonacute., I, 22.

: 1. , (+); upsilonacute, , (, + ,

); ( ), . 2. , (); upsilonperispomene,

; , ; , ; , ( ) ;

, ; , ; upsilonasper, "

124

"; , (upsilonlenis, (, ), ; cupsilonacute, ()

.

, -, -, ; ...; , ;

, (); 2.

c, (-c)

c, ,

upsilonasper, upsilonasper, upsilonasperperispomene, upsilonasperacute, upsilonasperacute, upsilonasper, ,

, ()

,

, c, c, , , , , ,

upsilonasperupsilonacute, -, upsilonasper,, suspect (upsilonasper = sub; - = spec-; :

< )

(), , ,

,

,

1. ()

. 2.

. 3. . 4.

. 5.

. 6. ( )

().

I. :

1. ,

upsilonacute. 2. upsilonperispomene ' upsilonasperacute

upsilonperispomene c. 3. , upsilonlenis

upsilonlenis . 4. upsilonlenis

. 5. ;

c .

II. :

125

1. ,

. 2.

. 3. . 4.

. 5.

.

34

-

201. 2

. :

2 - -

3 - - - -

202. .

203. .

, .

204. 2 2 oxytone (s s ): ,

, , upsilonasper, . .

:

205. :

1

-



2

upsilonperispomene

126

127

()

- - -





A. upsilonlenis c , .

, , .

B. ' .

C. ; upsilonasperperispomene ' c, upsilonperispomene.

D. .

1. . 2. .. 3.

upsilonperispomene upsilonperispomene.. 4. .

. 5. . 6. upsilonacute, ' .. 7. upsilonperispomene

.. 8. c upsilonperispomene.. 9. upsilonlenis

upsilonperispomene ' ..

10. , upsilonac

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