a4 - Susp y Direccion

8/18/2019 a4 - Susp y Direccion

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Guía Del Técnico

SERIE DE PASE RAPIDO(FAST PASE SERIES)

PRUEBA A4SUSPENSION Y DIRECCION


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SUSPENSION Y DIRECCION

¡Bienvenido a FAST PASE®,El Programa Exi!an!e "#e $e

A%#dara A Pa&ar$a& Pr#e'a& De Cer!i(ai)n Del

In&!i!#!o Naional Para $a ExeleniaEn El Serviio A#!omo!ri*

+A#!omo!ive Servie Exellene ASE-¡

Todos los derechos están reservados. Ninguna parte de esta publicaciónpuede ser reproducida o utilizada de cualquier forma o por cualquier medio– Graco, lectrónico o !ecánico, inclu"endo el #oto copiado, la Grabación,$inta !agn%tica o utilizado en sistemas de almacenamiento o e&tracción deinformación, sin el permiso escrito de 'elphi ()).

'elphi ())*, el logotipo de 'elphi ())*, la frase #ast +ase*, " el logotipo

de la serie #ast +ase*, son !arcas egistradas de 'elphi ()).

-)*, " el logotipo de -)*, son marcas registradas del (nstituto Nacional+ara a &celencia n l )ervicio -utomotriz /Nacional (nstitute #or-utomotive )ervice &cellence – -)0.

a e&hibición p1blica o la utilización de este material para el entrenamientoen grupo o como parte de un curr2culo escolar, sin el consentimiento escritoe&preso de 'elphi ()), esta prohibido por la le". +ara ma"or informaciónllame al Tel3 /4560 4768 9:44.

; 4997 'elphi ()), todos los derechos están reservados. (mpreso en


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SUSPENSION Y DIRECCIONEl objetivo de FAST PASE® (PASE RAPIDO®) es desarrollar sus habilidadespara pasar las pruebas de ASE, lo cual ejorara el co!ociie!to t"c!ico #ueusted $a posee%

&a$ otros !ueve pro'raas de libro de trabajo aparte de este pa#uete,i!clu$e!do

I!troducci! A &abilidades Para Toar *a Prueba Reparaci! Del +otor (Prueba A) Tra!sisi! Auto-tica.Tra!seje (Prueba A/) Tre! De Propulsi! +a!ual 0 Ejes (Prueba A1) Fre!os (Prueba A2) Sisteas El"ctricos (Prueba A3) 4ale5acci! 0 Aire Aco!dicio!ado (Prueba A6)

Re!diie!to De +otor (Prueba A7) Especialista De Re!diie!to De +otor

Ava!8ado (Prueba *)

Este pro'raa le proporcio!ara al'u!as pre'u!tas pr-cticas 9Tipo ASE: e! u!ahoja de respuestas tabi"! 9Tipo ASE:% Adicio!ale!te se revisara! los tiposde pre'u!tas 5oruladas e! el pro'raa, co! u!a e;plicaci! de co sepuede ra8o!ar cada tipo de pre'u!ta% El objetivo es #ue usted evite al'u!o delos errores cou!es #ue coete! los t"c!icos e! estas -reas cua!doprese!ta! la prueba ASE real%

9&ojas de *abores: est-! i!cluidas e! este pro'raa el cual co!tie!e u!9u=aO5icial de Preparaci! de ASE:% Ase'?rese de toarse el tiepo de revisar este valioso libro% @sted puede pedir u!a 'u=a de preparaci! o u! libro de

re'istro por edio de ASE, 122 Dulles Tech!olo'$ Drive, Re!d!,


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¡ea E!"a Pa#ina$A!tes de #ue usted i!te!te prese!tar la +i!iB Prueba

Este es u! pro'raa de auto apre!di8aje% &a$ al'u!as cosas #ue usted deberecordar ie!tras #ue esta utili8a!do este pro'raa%

B Auto Apre!di8aje, si'!i5ica siplee!te eso u!"e% establece el tiepode estudio%


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%B @! vehiculo e#uipado co! u! Sistea de Direcci! de PiK! $ 4realleratie!e u! jue'o e;cesivo el vola!te de direcci!%El t"c!ico A dice #ue el bra8o au;iliar podr=a ser la causa del problea%El t"c!ico dice #ue la varilla de direcci! podr=a ser la causa del problea%

(A) El t"c!ico A ?!icae!te () El t"c!ico ?!icae!te

(4) *os dos t"c!icos A $ (D) Gi!'u!o de los t"c!icos A $

/%B E! la 4aja de Direcci! ostrada e! la 5i'ura

El t"c!ico A dice #ue se debe ajustar la precar'a del e!'ra!e 'astado e! elpu!to A%El t"c!ico dice #ue se debe ajustar la 5lecha del sector e! el pu!to %

LMui"! tie!e la ra8!N

(A) El t"c!ico A ?!icae!te () El t"c!ico ?!icae!te(4) *os dos t"c!icos A $ (D) Gi!'u!o de los t"c!icos A $


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1%B E! la Direcci! de 4reallera ostrada e! la 5i'ura /, LMu" ajuste sereali8a e! el pu!to N

(A) Precar'a del e!'ra!e 'astado() Precar'a del Rodaie!to de Epuje de la 4reallera(4) Ajuste de la 5lecha del sector (D) Gi!'u!a de las opcio!es a!teriores

C%B Dos t"c!icos est-! habla!do acerca de la precar'a del rodaie!to de lacreallera%El t"c!ico A dice #ue la 4reallera debe de deso!tarse del vehiculo parareali8ar el ajuste%

El t"c!ico dice #ue se debe apretar el tor!illo de ajuste de la 4reallerahasta #ue !o ha$a jue'o e! la 5lecha de la direcci!%LMui"! tie!e la ra8!N



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2%B @! vehiculo co! direcci! hidr-ulica, #ueda dura su direcci! al doblar elvehiculo% @! a!etro de presio! es i!stalado e! el sistea% 4ua!do lavalvula e! el a!etro se cierra, ha$ / psi de presio! e! el sistea%

LMu" !os i!dica estoN

(A) *a boba hidr-ulica esta d"bil() *a valvula de alivio e! la caja de la direcci! esta doblada(4) El e!'ra!e piK! esta deasiado ajustado(D) Go ha$ problea e! el sistea% *as ruedas est-! deasiado i!5ladas%

3%B *os cubre polvos de hule de la direcci! de creallera est-! lle!os deli#uido de direcci! hidr-ulica% L4u-l seria la causa -s probable de esteprobleaN

(A) @!a 5u'a e! la tapa del tor!illo de ajuste() @! sello del pist! co! 5u'a(4) @! sello i!terior o e;terior de la direcci! co! 5u'a(D) El sello de la valvula de alivio co! 5u'a

6%B E! u! vehiculo e#uipado co! suspe!si! dela!tera tipo +acPherso!, el ladodela!tero derecho esta as bajo #ue el lado dela!tero i8#uierdo%El t"c!ico A dice #ue el co!ju!to copleto del Strut debe de reepla8arse%El t"c!ico dice #ue ?!icae!te se debe de reepla8ar la parte del

aorti'uador del Strut% LMui"! tie!e la ra8!N


7%B E! u!a suspe!si! co! bra8o corto.bra8o lar'o, todo lo si'uie!te esverdadero, e;cepto(A) *a suspe!si! es i!depe!die!te() @! bra8o de co!trol i!5erior $ superior so! utili8ados e! cada lado(4) El resorte de suspe!si!, si es utili8ado, esta siepre o!tado e!tre ellar'uero del chasis $ el bra8o i!5erior (D) @!a barra de torsi! puede ser utili8ada e! ves de u! resorte desuspe!si!


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%B Para veri5icar el des'aste de u!a rotula e! u!a suspe!si! ostrada e! la5i'ura 1

El t"c!ico A dice #ue se debe leva!tar el e;treo dela!tero e! el pu!to A%El t"c!ico dice #ue la rotula superior es la u!i! de car'a del rodaie!to%LMui"! tie!e la ra8!N


%B El T"c!ico A dice #ue e! las caio!etas li'eras co! suspe!si!

depe!die!te !o e;iste! bra8os de co!trol superior%El T"c!ico dice #ue e! los veh=culos co! suspe!si! i!depe!die!te tipo+acPherso! !o e;iste! bra8os de co!trol i!5erior%LMui"! tie!e la ra8!N



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%B


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() Ajuste del -!'ulo de epuje(4) 4o!trol a!ti vuelco de la carrocer=a(D) Ajuste del caber

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1%B *os si'uie!tes valores so! obte!idos e! u! vehiculo #ue se estaali!ea!do

I8#uierda Derecha Especi5icacio!es4aber Q%2 Q/% Q%2 .C

4aster Q% Q% Q% %24o!ver'e!cia

Total.3: .7: .3:

El T"c!ico A dice #ue la rueda dela!tera derecha se des'astara e! la partee;terior%

El T"c!ico dice #ue el 4aster esta i'ual de tal a!era #ue el vehiculo !o jalara hacia u! lado al ir e! la carretera%LMui"! tie!e la ra8!N


C%B El T"c!ico A dice #ue si el 4aster esta disparejo, el vehiculo jalara hacia ellado as !e'ativo%

El T"c!ico dice #ue si el 4aster esta deasiado !e'ativo, el vola!te dedirecci! del vehiculo !o re'resara al ce!tro cua!do se realice u! 'iro%LMui"! tie!e la ra8!N



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El T"c!ico dice #ue el ajuste de las ruedas dela!teras podr=a ser la causa delproblea%LMui"! tie!e la ra8!N



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6%B *as ruedas dela!teras de u! vehiculo chilla! cua!do se reali8a! 'iros abajas velocidades $ uestra! si'!os de des'aste, au!#ue el 4aber, el 4aster $ la 4o!ver'e!cia est-! correctos%El T"c!ico A dice #ue u!a i!cli!aci! i!correcta del eje de la direcci! podr=aser la causa del problea%El T"c!ico dice #ue u! -!'ulo i!correcto de 'iro podr=a ser la causa delProblea%LMui"! tie!e la ra8!N


7%B De acuerdo a la suspe!si! trasera ostrada a!teriore!te (Fi'%6), LMu"se esta ajusta!do e! el pu!to 0N

(A) El A!'ulo de Epuje


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() El 4aber (4) *a 4o!ver'e!cia(D) *a Altura de la Suspe!si!

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%B El patr! de des'aste ostrado e! lalla!ta ostrada al lado (Fi'% 7), LMu" !osi!dicaN

(A) 4aber deasiado positivo%() Deasiada co!ver'e!cia%

(4) @!a rueda co! bajo i!5lado%(D) Gi!'u!a de las opcio!es a!teriores%

/%B Dos t"c!icos est-! habla!do acerca de la rueda P/32.32 R2%El T"c!ico A dice #ue el a!cho de la rueda es u! 32 de la altura de la isa%El T"c!ico dice #ue la letra 9P: si'!i5ica #ue la lla!ta es para u! vehiculo depasajeros%LMui"! tie!e la ra8!N


/%B El T"c!ico A dice #ue cua!do se tie!e! aorti'uadores 'astados elvehiculo de ladea cua!do reali8a u! 'iro%


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El T"c!ico dice #ue cua!do se tie!e! aorti'uadores 'astados el vehiculorebota dos veces despu"s de caer e! u! bache%LMui"! tie!e la ra8!N



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//%B *as rotulas reepla8ables est-! u!idas a los bra8os de co!trol por ediode todos los si'uie!tes "todos e;cepto

(A) Soldadas%() Ribeteadas%(4) +etidas a presio!%

(D) E!roscadas%

/1%B Des pues de reepla8ar u!a a!'uera de presio! de la direcci!hidr-ulicaEl T"c!ico A dice #ue se debe pur'ar el sistea al deso!tar la a!'uera deretor!o $ hacer #ue 5u!cio!e el otor por se'u!dos%El T"c!ico dice #ue se debe pur'ar el sistea al arra!car el otor $ 'irar elvola!te de la direcci! hacia los e;treos uchas veces%LMui"! tie!e la ra8!N


/C%B 4ua!do se reaprieta! los rodaie!tos de las ruedas despu"s de darlesservicioEl T"c!ico A dice #ue los rodaie!tos de bolas debe! te!er u! li'ero jue'olateral%El T"c!ico dice #ue los rodaie!tos de rodillos !o debe! te!er jue'o lateral%LMui"! tie!e la ra8!N



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/2%B 4ua!do se reali8a u! bala!ceo di!-ico de las ruedasEl T"c!ico A dice #ue se debe reover rocas $ suciedad del dibujo de la lla!ta,al ser estos peli'rosos objetos cua!do la rueda sea 'irada%El T"c!ico dice #ue los pesos de ploo debe! de colocarse e! posici!co!traria de las bolas o de5oracio!es #ue te!'a la rueda%LMui"! tie!e la ra8!N


A*o'a ca,&ie la -.#ina *aciael li&'o %e "'a&a3o %e %i'eccin

/ !u!-en!in+ / e'i5i6ue !u!'e!-ue!"a! con la clae %e'e!-ue!"a!2


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SUSPENSION Y DIRECCION ie!ve!ido de Guevo a FAST PASE ®% A!tes de ava!8ar -s, veri5i#ue susrespuestas co! la clave de respuestas ostrada a co!ti!uaci!%

Clave De Respuestas

Si usted lo hi8o bie!, $ se dio cue!ta #ue 5ue 5-cil de co!testar las pre'u!tas dela +i!i Prueba de la Reparaci! del +otor, 5elicitacio!es @sted tie!e u! 'ra!co!ociie!to del tea $ este pro'raa le servir- pri!cipale!te coo u!recordatorio a!tes de #ue usted prese!te la prueba% Si, por el co!trario, ustedtuvo di5icultad e! co!testar las pre'u!tas de la prueba, este pro'raa debe ser utili8ado coo u!a 'u=a de estudio para rearcar las -reas del tea e! loscuales usted !o tie!e u! co!ociie!to 5uerte% 4ua!do usted descubra -reasd"biles, estudie las hojas de las labores #ue abarca! esas -reas o veri5i#ue elaterial de re5ere!cia recoe!dado para te!er u!a descripci! detallada deltea%


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%B @! vehiculo e#uipado co! u! Sistea de Direcci! de PiK! $ 4realleratie!e u! jue'o e;cesivo el vola!te de direcci!%El t"c!ico A dice #ue el bra8o au;iliar podr=a ser la causa del problea%

El t"c!ico dice #ue la varilla de co!e;i! podr=a ser la causa del problea%


An.li!i!

Todos los sisteas de direcci! co!siste! de u!a caja de direcci! $co!e;io!es de la direcci!% *a caja de la direcci! deteri!a la co!5i'uraci!de lo copo!e!tes de co!e;i! de la direcci!% *a caja de direcci! -s

co?! e! uso e! los veh=culos tipo capero de la actualidad es del tipo debola recircula!te% E! adici! de la caja de la direcci!, del bra8o pita!, delbra8o au;iliar, las varillas de direcci! 5ora! este tipo de sistea de direcci!%Esta co!5i'uraci! es co!ocida coo del tipo paralelo'rao, el cual o5receuchas ve!tajas, tales coo la duplicaci! del oviie!to e! abos lados delvehiculo, peritie!do #ue la tra!sisi! le de el iso oviie!to a las dosruedas dela!teras, si! iportar su posici! vertical% 4oo resultado, eloviie!to de la direcci! es el iso e! cada rueda, au! cua!do u!a partede la suspe!si! de la rueda este copriida $ la suspe!si! de la otra ruedaeste copletae!te e;te!dida% Todas las pie8as e! las co!e;io!es de ladirecci! est-! sujetas a des'aste $ daKos, $ puede! co!tribuir a crear u!

jue'o e;cesivo e! la direcci!%


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El otro sistea co?! de la direcci! es llaado sistea de piK! $creallera% E! adici! a la caja de direcci! de piK! $ creallera, estesistea ?!icae!te !ecesita dos teri!ales de direcci! para copletar el

sistea% @sted puede !otar #ue u!a de las ve!tajas de este sistea es lareducci! de copo!e!tes de co!e;i! e! la direcci!% *os sisteas dedirecci! de piK! $ creallera, por diseKo tie!e! ejor respuesta $ so!usuale!te utili8ados e! veh=culos deportivos% @! jue'o e! el sistea puedeser causado teri!ales o socUets de direcci! 'astados, teri!ales i!teriores oe;teriores, u!a pie8a 5alta!te e! los soportes de la caja de direcci!, jue'o e!la creallera, o jue'o e! las co!e;io!es 9@: de la colu!a de la direcci!% A!ali8a!do de !uevo !uestra pre'u!ta, !otaos #ue es u!a pre'u!tacoparativa la cual !os pide #ue !os deteri!eos si lo #ue e!cio!a! losdos t"c!icos esta correcto% Gotaos #ue lo #ue dice el T"c!ico A es 5also,por#ue u! sistea de direcci! de piK! $ creallera !o utili8a u! bra8o

au;iliar% De tal a!era #ue podeos elii!ar las respuestas A $ 4 coorespuestas correctas% Por ra8o!es siilares, lo #ue dice el T"c!ico tabi"!es 5also @!a varilla de direcci! !o es parte de u! sistea de direcci! depiK! $ creallera% Ahora podeos elii!ar la respuesta coo la respuestacorrectaV eso !os deja la respuesta D, para de5i!ir #ue Gi!'u!o de los T"c!icosGi A !i , coo la respuesta correcta para la pre'u!ta%

@! jue'o e;cesivo o u!a direcci! dura puede! ser ocasio!ados por u! alajuste de la direcci!% 4o!sidere los procediie!tos de ajuste adecuados e! lasi'uie!te pre'u!ta%

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+agina 45 ;'elphi ()) 4997


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; 'elphi ()) 4997+agina 44

/%B E! la 4aja de Direcci! ostrada e! la 5i'ura

El t"c!ico A dice #ue se debe ajustar la precar'a de los rodaie!tos del tor!illosi!5=! e! el pu!to A%El t"c!ico dice #ue se debe ajustar la 5lecha del sector e! el pu!to %LMui"! tie!e la ra8!N


An.li!i!

*a precar'a del rodaie!to del e!'ra!e 'astado se ajusta e! el pu!to A% *aprecar'a del rodaie!to es ajustada al a5lojar la tuerca de ase'uraie!to $'ira!do el tap! del ajustador hasta #ue la precar'a adecuada sea lo'rada% Goolvide #ue el bra8o pita! debe ser desco!ectado de la varilla de direcci!para poder obte!er u! valor adecuado de precar'a% Este ajuste debe estarcorrecto a!tes de ajustar la 5lecha del sector% *a 5lecha del sector se ajusta e!el pu!to % Este ajuste le #uita el jue'o e;cesivo a la caja de la direcci!,

usuale!te e! veh=culos co! alto Uiloetraje% 4ua!do el tor!illo de ajuste es'irado hacia ade!tro, la tolera!cia e!tre los e!'ra!es se reduce% Sobre apretar


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este ajuste puede ocasio!ar #ue se doble la direcci! o #ue el vola!te dedirecci! !o se auto ce!tre dura!te u! 'iro%

+agina 4= ;

'elphi ()) 4997

*o #ue dice! los dos t"c!icos esta correcto, as= #ue la respuesta 4 AbosT"c!icos A $ tie!e! ra8! es la respuesta correcta para esta pre'u!ta%

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; 'elphi ()) 4997

+agina 4>

1%B E! la Direcci! de 4reallera ostrada e! la 5i'ura /, LMu" ajuste sereali8a e! el pu!to N

(A) Precar'a del rodaie!to del tor!illo si!5i!() Precar'a del Rodaie!to de Epuje de la 4reallera(4) Ajuste de la 5lecha del sector (D) Gi!'u!a de las opcio!es a!teriores

An.li!i!

*as cajas de direcci! de tipo piK! $ creallera so! di5ere!tes a las cajas dedirecci! de bolas recircula!tes, #ue !o tie!e! tor!illo si!5=! !i sector% Por esara8! las respuestas A $ 4 puede! ser i!ediatae!te coo respuestascorrectas% *a precar'a del rodaie!to del sector, por otro lado es ajustado e!el pu!to % Este ajuste proporcio!a u! co!tacto -s apretado e!tre el piK! $la creallera% *a respuesta correcta para esta pre'u!ta es la respuesta Ajuste de la precar'a del rodaie!to del sector%


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+agina 46 ;'elphi ()) 4997

GOTAS JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ


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; 'elphi ()) 4997+agina 4?

C%B Dos t"c!icos est-! habla!do acerca de la precar'a del rodaie!to de lacreallera%El t"c!ico A dice #ue la caja de la direcci! de creallera debe deso!tarsedel vehiculo para reali8ar el ajuste%El t"c!ico dice #ue se debe apretar el tor!illo de ajuste de la 4reallerahasta #ue !o ha$a jue'o e! la 5lecha de la direcci!%LMui"! tie!e la ra8!N


An.li!i!

4ua!do se ajusta la precar'a del rodaie!to de la creallera, la caja dedirecci! debe de ser deso!tada del vehiculo% Por esa ra8!, lo #ue dice elT"c!ico A es verdadero% El ajuste 'e!erale!te es reali8ado co! u!tor#uietro al a5lojar la co!tra tuerca $ 'ira!do el ajustador hasta u! tor#ue

especi5icado% Sobre apretar este ajuste puede ocasio!ar #ue la direcci! sedoble $ #ue sea di5=cil 'irar la direcci!% De tal a!era de #ue lo #ue dice elT"c!ico es 5also% *a respuesta correcta para esta pre'u!ta es la respuesta A el T"c!ico A ?!icae!te%

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+agina 4: ;'elphi ()) 4997

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; 'elphi ()) 4997+agina 4@

2%B @! vehiculo co! direcci! hidr-ulica, #ueda dura su direcci! al doblar elvehiculo% @! a!etro de presio! es i!stalado e! el sistea% 4ua!do lavalvula e! el a!etro se cierra, ha$ / psi de presio! e! el sistea%LMu" !os i!dica estoN

(A) *a boba hidr-ulica esta d"bil() *a valvula de alivio e! la caja de la direcci! esta doblada(4) El tor!illo si!5=! est- deasiado ajustado(D) Go ha$ problea e! el sistea% *as ruedas est-! poco i!5ladas%

An.li!i!

El objetivo de esta pre'u!ta es LMu" a=sla la prueba de presio! de la direcci!hidr-ulicaN O as iporta!te, L4u-!do deber=aos utili8ar esta pruebaN Elco!ductor se #ueja de u! ruido e! la direcci!, u!a direcci! dura, u!a

asiste!cia desi'ual e! la direcci! o al over la direcci! el problea puedeestar relacio!ado co! la presio!% A!tes de #ue usted realice la prueba depresio!, !o i'!ore lo obvio veri5i#ue el correcto i!5lado de las lla!tas, partessueltas de la suspe!si!, la ali!eaci! de las ruedas, 5re!os aarr-!dose, late!si! de la correa de la direcci! $ el !ivel del 5luido de la direcci!%I!stala!do u! a!etro de presio! e! la a!'uera de alta presio! de ladirecci! !os puede i!dicar r-pidae!te uchas cosas% 4o! el otor5u!cio!a!do $ co! el vola!te ce!trado, debe haber u!a presio! !oral e! elsistea cerca!o a / psi o u! valor poco e!or% @!a presio! -s alta i!dicau!a restricci! e! el sistea% 4opletae!te cerra!do $ abrie!do la valvular-pidae!te !os da la -;ia presio! de la boba% Repita esta prueba 1 o Cveces $ copare los valores% Si todos los valores est-! arriba de psi o alas especi5icacio!es del 5abrica!te, $ si !o varia -s de 2 psi, el circuito de


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salida de la boba $ la presio! est-! bie!% @!a variaci! e! los valores de 2psi o as i!dica #ue u!a valvula de co!trol de 5lujo se esta pe'a!do% @!a bajapresio! co! la valvula cerrada i!dica u!a 5u'a i!ter!a de la boba% E! adici!al dia'!ostico de la boba, el dia'!ostico de la direcci! puede ser reali8adaco! la co!5i'uraci! del a!etro de presio!, al 'irar el vola!te de la

direcci! copletae!te a la i8#uierda, a!ota!do el valor de la presio!, $repitie!do este procediie!to a la derecha% *os dos valores debe! estari'uales de acuerdo a la presio! -;ia de la boba%

+agina 47 ;'elphi ()) 4997

Si los valores !o est-! i'uales, se esta i!dica!do u! problea co! la direcci!%Re5iri"!do!os a !uestra pre'u!ta de opci! siple, la respuesta A *a bobaesta d"bil es la respuesta correcta para esta pre'u!ta%

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; 'elphi ()) 4997+agina =9

3%B *os cubre polvos de hule de la direcci! de creallera est-! lle!os deli#uido de direcci! hidr-ulica% L4u-l seria la causa -s probable de esteprobleaN

(A) @!a 5u'a e! la tapa del tor!illo de ajuste() @! sello del pist! co! 5u'a(4) @! sello i!terior o e;terior de la direcci! co! 5u'a(D) El sello tipo (O ri!') de la v-lvula de co!trol de 5lujo co! 5u'a

An.li!i!

Esta pre'u!ta prueba su e!te!diie!to sobre la operaci! $ servicio de lossisteas de direcci! hidr-ulica de piK! $ creallera co! asiste!cia de

pote!cia% *os 'ra!des cubre polvos e! los e;treos de la creallera'e!erale!te est-! secos, proporcio!a!do u!a protecci! co!tra el polvo% *aprese!cia de l=#uido de direcci! hidr-ulica i!dica u!a 5u'a, usuale!te de u!sello% Fu'as i!ter!as tales coo 5u'as e! los sellos del pist! o e! u! sello tipo9O: 'astado de la valvula de alivio reduce la 5u!ci! de asiste!cia de pote!cia,pero !o prese!ta 5u'a e;ter!a e! la direcci!% @! epa#ue de5ectuoso deltor!illo de ajuste ocasio!ar=a u!a 5u'a e;ter!a e! los pasajes ?!icae!te% Esodejar=a u!a 5u'a i!ter!a o e;ter!a e! la creallera coo resultado posible a larespuesta% LEsto tie!e se!tidoN Si u! sello tuviera 5u'a, Lel li#uido de ladirecci! estar=a e! los dos cubre polvosN ie! si estar=a, por#ue al 'irar elvola!te de u! e;treo al otro, u! cubre polvo estar=a copriido ie!tras #ueel otro estar=a e;pa!di"!dose% Si el sello e;terior tie!e 5u'a, el li#uido estar=ae! este cubre polvo% Si el sello i!terior tie!e 5u'a, el li#uido estar=a e! el otro


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cubre polvo% E! cada caso, los dos cubre polvos estar=a! lle!os de li#uido dedirecci! hidr-ulica, por#ue el li#uido de direcci! 5lu$e desde el tubo delrespiradero% Tabi"!, u!a 5u'a i!ter!a e! el sello del piK!, podr=a lle!ar losdos cubre polvos% As= #ue cua!do haceos u!a reparaci! copleta,reepla8aos todos los sellos o hareos la labor de reparaci! dos veces% *a

respuesta correcta para esta pre'u!ta es la 4 @! sello i!terior o e;terior de ladirecci! co! 5u'a%

+agina =5 ;'elphi ()) 4997

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JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

; 'elphi ()) 4997+agina =4

6%B E! u! vehiculo e#uipado co! suspe!si! dela!tera i!depe!die!te tipo

+acPherso!, el lado dela!tero i8#uierdo est- -s bajo #ue el lado dela!teroderecho%El t"c!ico A dice #ue el co!ju!to copleto del Strut debe de reepla8arse%El t"c!ico dice #ue ?!icae!te se debe de reepla8ar la parte delaorti'uador del Strut% LMui"! tie!e la ra8!N


An.li!i!

Si! iportar el diseKo de la suspe!si!, la altura de la suspe!si! del vehiculoesta deteri!ada por la altura de los resortes% E! los sisteas co! barra detorsi! o resortes co! bolsas de aire, la altura de la suspe!si! puede serajustada% E! los sisteas co! ballestas o resortes helicoidales, tales coo eldiseKo +acPherso!, la correcci! de la altura es lo'rada co! el reepla8o delresorte% Por esa ra8!, lo #ue dice el T"c!ico es 5also% El aorti'uador !otie!e rodaie!to para la altura de la suspe!si!% +ie!tras #ue lo #ue dice elt"c!ico A podr=a corre'ir la altura de la suspe!si! del vehiculo, solo es!ecesario reepla8ar el resorte, !o toda la pier!a del Strut del aorti'uador% Ali'ual #ue los procediie!tos de reepla8o de los sisteas de suspe!si!co!ve!cio!ales, los resortes debe! ser reepla8ados por pares para evitar #uela altura de la suspe!si! est" dispareja debido al des'aste% *a respuesta


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correcta para esta pre'u!ta es la respuesta D, Gi!'u!o de los t"c!icos A !i tie!e! ra8!%

+agina == ;'elphi ()) 4997

GOTAS JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ




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JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

; 'elphi ()) 4997+agina =>

7%B E! u!a suspe!si! co! bra8o corto.bra8o lar'o, todo lo si'uie!te esverdadero, e;cepto(A) *a suspe!si! es i!depe!die!te() @! bra8o de co!trol i!5erior $ superior so! utili8ados e! cada lado(4) El resorte de suspe!si!, si es utili8ado, esta siepre o!tado e!tre ellar'uero del chasis $ el bra8o i!5erior (D) @!a barra de torsi! puede ser utili8ada e! ves de u! resorte desuspe!si!

An.li&i&/

a suspensión de brazo corto " brazo largo es el tipo más com1n desuspensión independiente en uso en la actualidad en los coches "camionetas ligeras. -unque e&isten muchas variantes de estesistema, ciertos aspectos del sistema permanecen constantes. Todaslas suspensiones de brazo corto " brazo largo tienen un brazo decontrol inferior que esta dando soporte a una espiga, unidos pormedio de rotulas. l diseAo de brazo de control soportando unaespiga, la unión al chasis " su aBuste dieren de sistema a sistema.os brazos de control inferiores que están derechos necesitan elsoporte de un )trut para evitar su movimiento. os brazos desuspensión inferiores de forma triangular usualmente no necesitan


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estar unidos a los )truts. l tipo de resorte t la unión del resortetambi%n varia en este tipo de suspensión. )i se utilizan, los resorteshelicoidales pueden estar ubicados entre el brazo inferior de control "el chasis o entre el brazo superior de control " el chasis. Ctrosresortes son utilizados usualmente, tales como las barras de torsión

longitudinales, las barras de torsión transversales, suspensión conbolsas de aire " aun resortes de bra de vidrio. -nalizando lapregunta, notamos que la respuesta $ es falsa, " por esa razón larespuesta correcta para esta pregunta. speramos que no se ha"adado cuenta sobre la palabra que confunde )(!+ en la respuesta$.

+agina =6 ;'elphi ()) 4997

GOTAS JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ




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JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

; 'elphi ()) 4997+agina =?

%B Para veri5icar el des'aste de u!a rotula e! u!a suspe!si! ostrada e! la5i'ura 1

El t"c!ico A dice #ue se debe leva!tar el e;treo dela!tero e! el pu!to A%

El t"c!ico dice #ue la rotula superior es la u!i! de car'a del rodaie!to%LMui"! tie!e la ra8!N


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An.li!i!

@!a suspe!si! bie! apretada es critica para u!a ali!eaci! adecuada $ parala operaci! adecuada del vehiculo% *as rotulas so! los pu!tos de co!tacto dedes'aste a trav"s de la vida del vehiculo% Para veri5icar el des'asteadecuadae!te, las rotulas debe! ser descar'adas(#uitarles el peso o lacar'a)% Esto es, las rotulas #ue recibe! la car'a o peso de los rodaie!tosre#uiere! #ue se les #uite el peso del vehiculo% Mue rotula esta sie!do car'adapor el rodaie!to depe!de de la co!5i'uraci! de la suspe!si!, $ coo ustedprobablee!te adivi!o el correcto pu!to de leva!te varia co! la co!5i'uraci!de la suspe!si!% E! las suspe!sio!es co! el resorte e!tre el chasis $ el bra8o

i!5erior de co!trol, la rotula i!5erior esta recibie!do car'a del rodaie!to $ selibera esta car'a al leva!tar el vehiculo e! el bra8o de co!trol% E! este estadosi! car'a, las dos rotulas puede! ser veri5icadas para ver si tie!e jue'o a;ial $radial% E! las suspe!sio!es #ue tie!e! el resorte e!tre el bra8o de co!trolsuperior $ el chasis, la rotula superior recibe la car'a del rodaie!to%

+agina =: ;'elphi ()) 4997

*eva!ta!do el vehiculo e! el chasis le #uita la car'a del rodaie!to a la rotulapara veri5icarla% De !uevo, u! jue'o a;ial o hacia arriba o hacia abajo debe serveri5icado $ u! jue'o radial o jue'o lado a lado debe ser edido $ coparado

co! las especi5icacio!es del 5abrica!te% E! la a$or=a de los casos la rotula #ueesta recibie!do la car'a del rodaie!to se des'asta -s r-pido #ue la otrarotula acopaKa!te, o la rotula #ue !o esta recibie!do la car'a del rodaie!to% A!ali8a!do de !uevo la pre'u!ta !os daos cue!ta #ue !i!'u!a de lasa5iracio!es de los t"c!icos es verdadera% *a respuesta correcta es la D Gi!'u!o de los T"c!icos A !i tie!e ra8!%

GOTAS JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ



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; 'elphi ()) 4997+agina =@

%B El T"c!ico A dice #ue e! las caio!etas li'eras co! suspe!si!depe!die!te (eje r='ido) !o e;iste! bra8os de co!trol superior%

El T"c!ico dice #ue e! los veh=culos co! suspe!si! i!depe!die!te tipo+acPherso! !o e;iste! bra8os de co!trol i!5erior%LMui"! tie!e la ra8!N


An.li!i!

*a suspe!si! depe!die!te doble es u!a ejora de la suspe!si! !o

i!depe!die!te est-!dar% *a suspe!si! depe!die!te, coo usted recuerda, esu! eje trasversal ?!ico soportado por ballestas% Esta suspe!si! puede


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soportar ucho peso, !o es cara para el 5abrica!te, $ re#uiere pocoa!te!iie!to, te!ie!do ?!icae!te per!os reales coo pu!to de des'aste%Este, si! ebar'o, hace #ue le 5alte las caracter=sticas de a!ejo de lassuspe!sio!es i!depe!die!tes%

*a suspe!si! depe!die!te doble ve!ce este problea al u!ir los dos bra8osde la suspe!si! e! el chasisV esto perite el uso de resortes de suspe!si!-s suaves% Al a're'ar varillas radiales para soporte, la !ecesidad de losbra8os superiores e i!5eriores se elii!a% 4ada bra8o de suspe!si! reaccio!ai!depe!die!tee!te, $ puede au! utili8ar per!o real o rotulas%

*o #ue dice el T"c!ico A es verdaderoV !o se utili8a bra8o de co!trol superiore! este tipo de suspe!si!%

El sistea de suspe!si! Strut tipo +acPherso! utili8a u! bra8o de co!troli!5erior co! u! co!ju!to superior, co!ocido coo Strut +acPherso!, el cual

co!siste de u! resorte, $ u! aorti'uador u!idos e! u! solo co!ju!to% *asve!tajas del diseKo +acPherso! so! su peso li'ero, su e!or costo para el5abrica!te $ ocupa e!os espacio% Por causa de #ue el co!ju!to Strutproporcio!a u! cai!o directo para tra!s5erir la vibraci! del cai!o, ha$ u!areducci! e! la calidad de aorti'uaci!%

+agina =7 ;'elphi ()) 4997

Otra desve!taja de este tipo de suspe!si! es #ue !o soporta! ucho pesocoo lo hace! los otros tipos de suspe!si!% 4oo usted !ota, lo #ue dice elT"c!ico es 5also *a suspe!si! de tipo Strut +acPherso! utili8a u! bra8o deco!trol i!5erior% *a respuesta correcta para esta pre'u!ta es la respuesta A elT"c!ico A ?!icae!te tie!e la ra8!%

GOTAS JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ



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JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

; 'elphi ()) 4997

+agina >9

%B


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El T"c!ico A dice #ue esta es u!a suspe!si! trasera i!depe!die!te%El T"c!ico dice #ue se puede ajustar la co!ver'e!cia trasera e! estevehiculo%LMui"! tie!e la ra8!N


An.li!i!

*os veh=culos co! ejes slidos, tales coo los diseKos &otchUiss, !o tie!e!suspe!sio!es traseras i!depe!die!tes% *o #ue dice el T"c!ico A es 5also% ElT"c!ico tie!e la idea correcta, e! esas suspe!sio!es traseras i!depe!die!tesusuale!te tie!e! ajustes de 4o!ver'e!cia $ de 4aberV si! ebar'o, esta !oes u!a suspe!si! trasera i!depe!die!te% De tal a!era #ue lo #ue dice el

T"c!ico tabi"! es 5also, $ la respuesta correcta para esta pre'u!ta es larespuesta D, !i!'u!o de los T"c!icos A !i tie!e la ra8!%

+agina >5 ;'elphi ()) 4997

GOTAS JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ



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; 'elphi ()) 4997+agina >4


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/%B De acuerdo a la suspe!si! ostrada a!teriore!te (Fi'% 2), la pie8a esutili8ada para

(A) 4o!trol del oviie!to lateral() Ajuste del -!'ulo de epuje

(4) 4o!trol a!ti vuelco de la carrocer=a(D) Ajuste del caber

An.li!i!

*a suspe!si! ostrada a!teriore!te es co!ocida coo de tipo ejeestapado% Es utili8ado co?!e!te e! veh=culos co! tracci! dela!tera% Au!#ue este sistea !o es co!siderado u!a suspe!si! i!depe!die!te, el ejees de acero estapado el cual se puede 5le;io!ar, peritie!do u! oviie!to

de las ruedas traseras sei i!depe!die!tee!te% El copo!e!te es utili8adopara co!trolar el oviie!to lateral o oviie!to lado a lado del eje% *arespuesta correcta para esta pre'u!ta es la respuesta A 4o!trol deloviie!to lateral%

+agina >= ;'elphi ()) 4997




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JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

; 'elphi ()) 4997+agina >>

An"e! %e con"inua' 'ei!e,o! -'i,e'a,en"e lo! .n#ulo!$

CA0BER


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4aber es la i!cli!aci! hacia ade!tro ohacia 5uera de la rueda% @! 4aber cero#ue la rueda esta perpe!dicular co! lasuper5icie del cai!o $ todos los dibujos ocuerdas de la rueda hace! co!tacto co! el

cai!o% @!a desviaci! de esta posici!altera esta posici!, de tal a!era #ue siu!a rueda tie!e 4aber positivo, la partesuperior de la rueda esta alejada delvehiculo $ la parte e;terior del dibujo de larueda co!tacta la super5icie del cai!o,resulta!do e! u! des'aste de la partee;terior de la rueda% *o co!trario tabi"!es verdadero E! u!a rueda co! 4aber!e'ativo, la parte superior de la rueda estai!cli!ada hacia el vehiculo $ el borde

i!terior de la rueda co!tacta la super5iciedel cai!o $ e! co!secue!cia des'astaesta parte de la rueda% E! adici! deldes'aste de la rueda, el al ajuste del4aber puede ocasio!ar #ue el vehiculo jale hacia u! lado cua!do se a!eja elvehiculo% Esto ocurre cua!do ha$ u!adi5ere!cia si'!i5icativa de lado a lado% Elvehiculo jalara hacia la rueda #ue te!'a el4aber as positivo%

+agina >6 ;'elphi ()) 4997

CASTER


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El 4aster e! u!a rueda !o tie!e #uever co! el des'aste de la ruedaV si!ebar'o, este a5ecta e! el a!ejo $e! el jal! hacia u! lado del vehiculo%El 4aster es la edici! del eje de la

direcci!, edido a trav"s de la l=!eace!tral de las rotulas, iradas desdeu! lado del vehiculo% @! 4aster cerosi'!i5ica #ue el eje de la direcci!esta perpe!dicular% @! valor de 4aster positivo si'!i5ica #ue la l=!ea ce!tralde la direcci! esta i!cli!ado hacia laparte de atr-s del vehiculo cua!do secopara co! la vertical verdadera%+ie!tras as positivo #ue este el4aster e! u! vehiculo, a$or ser- la

estabilidad direccio!al, #ue es, #ue elvehiculo tie!de a ir e! u!a l=!ea recta% As= iso, u! 4aster positivo proveela retor!abilidad del vola!te delvehiculo, si'!i5ica!do esto #uecua!do se suelte el vola!te, lasruedas dela!teras estar-! autoce!tradas% @! vehiculo co! 4aster!e'ativo tie!e la l=!ea ce!tral del ejede la direcci! i!cli!ada hacia el5re!te del vehiculo% Este ajuste reducela estabilidad direccio!al $ laretor!abilidad del vola!te de ladirecci!% E* 4aster ipo!e u!a5uer8a e! la direcci! para la ruedaVpor esa ra8!, el 4aster debe seri'ual e! las dos ruedas% @! 4asterdisparejo ocasio!ara #ue el vehiculo jale hacia la direcci! del e!or ladopositivo%

; 'elphi ()) 4997+agina >?

CON7ERGENCIA


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4o!ver'e!cia es la di5ere!cia e! ladista!cia e!tre el 5re!te $ la trasera delas ruedas dela!teras de u! vehiculo%

4ua!do la dista!cia e!tre el 5re!te delas ruedas es e!or #ue la partetrasera, las ruedas tie!e! co!ver'e!cia%4ua!do ocurre lo co!trario, las ruedastie!e! diver'e!cia% *a co!ver'e!ciacua!do u! auto esta estacio!ado es!ecesaria, de tal a!era de #ue cua!doel vehiculo este e! oviie!to $ se esteejercie!do u! es5uer8o e! lasco!e;io!es de la direcci!, las ruedasestar-! paralelas% Si las ruedas !o 'ira!

paralelas, ocurrir- u! r-pido des'astede las isas% +ie!tras #ue esto esverdad e! la a$or=a de los carros, losveh=culos co! tracci! dela!tera so!ajustados usuale!te co! diver'e!ciali'era, ie!tras #ue est-! e! reposo,para cope!sar el epuje haciaade!tro de las ruedas de propulsi!cua!do se co!duce hacia dela!te elvehiculo%

+agina >: ;'elphi ()) 4997


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1%B *os si'uie!tes valores so! obte!idos e! u! vehiculo #ue se estaali!ea!do

I8#uierda Derecha Especi5icacio!es4aber Q%2 Q/% Q%2 .C

4aster Q% Q% Q% %24o!ver'e!cia

Total.3: .7: .3:

El T"c!ico A dice #ue la rueda dela!tera derecha se des'astara e! la partee;terior%El T"c!ico dice #ue el 4aster esta i'ual de tal a!era #ue el vehiculo !o jalara hacia u! lado al ir e! la carretera%LMui"! tie!e la ra8!N



An.li!i!

El problea obvio co! estos valores de ali!eaci! es #ue el 4aber de larueda dela!tera derecha esta si'!i5ica!tee!te as positivo #ue la ruedadela!tera i8#uierda% *o #ue dice el T"c!ico A es verdadero, la rueda dela!teraderecha se va a des'astar e! la parte e;terior, debido al 4aber positivo% *o#ue dice el T"c!ico es 5alsoV au!#ue el 4aster es i'ual el vehiculo jalaradebido a los ajustes si'!i5icativae!te disparejos del 4aber% *a direcci!hacia do!de va a jalar el vehiculo, va ser hacia el lado as positivo, e! estecaso hacia la derecha% *a respuesta correcta para esta pre'u!ta es larespuesta A, el T"c!ico A ?!icae!te tie!e ra8!%

; 'elphi ()) 4997+agina >@


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+agina >7 ;'elphi ()) 4997

C%B El T"c!ico A dice #ue si el 4aster esta disparejo, el vehiculo jalara hacia ellado as !e'ativo%El T"c!ico dice #ue si el 4aster esta deasiado !e'ativo, el vola!te dedirecci! del vehiculo !o re'resara al ce!tro cua!do se realice u! 'iro%

LMui"! tie!e la ra8!N


An.li&i&/

o que dice el T%cnico - es verdadero. l vehiculo Balara hacia el ladodel $aster mas negativo. +or causa de esto, no debe haber más demedio grado de diferencia entre los dos lados. o que dice el T%cnico

D tambi%n es verdadero. l $aster positivo es uno de los ángulos quehacen que la dirección regrese al centro despu%s de un giro. -unado aeste concepto, si el $aster esta demasiado positivo, será dif2cil dirigirel vehiculo durante los cambios de dirección. -s2 que la respuestacorrecta para esta pregunta es la respuesta $, ambos T%cnicos - " Dtienen la razón.





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; 'elphi ()) 4997+agina 69

2%B De acuerdo co! la suspe!si! ostrada a!teriore!te (Fi'% 3) LMu" debehacer el T"c!ico para cabiar el 4aber a u! valor de -!'ulo as positivo si!cabiar el 4asterN

(A) Reover i'uales 'rosores de lai!as de los pa#uetes de lai!as dela!teros $Traseros%

() A're'ar 'rosores i'uales de lai!as de los pa#uetes de lai!as dela!teros $Traseros%

(4) A're'ar lai!as ?!icae!te al pa#uete trasero de lai!as%(D) Reover lai!as del pa#uete dela!tero del pa#uete de lai!as $ a're'arlos al Pa#uete trasero de lai!as%

An.li!i!

*os "todos para ajustar el 4aster $ el 4aber cabia! de vehiculo avehiculo% *a a$or=a de las 'u=as de ali!eaci! de las ruedas i!clu$e!i!5oraci! de do!de $ coo u! sistea e! particular es ajustado% E! al'u!ode los -;ios sisteas de ali!eaci!, cua!do se re#uiere, la pa!talla le


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i!dicara coo reali8ar la labor copleta% @sted debe 5ailiari8arse co! ale!os los procediie!tos as populares de ajuste para el e;ae! de ASE% E!este estilo, aKadie!do o sustra$e!do lai!as cabia el 4aster o el 4aber%

+agina 65 ;

'elphi ()) 4997

E! este sistea e! particular, para cabiar el 4aster e! u!a direcci! aspositiva, reovie!do lai!as del pa#uete de lai!as traseras $ aKadie!do lai!as alpa#uete dela!tero de lai!as i!cli!a la parte superior de la base hacia la partetrasera del chasis del vehiculo, i!cree!ta!do el 4aster% Si u!a ca!tidad i'ualde lai!as del iso 'rosor so! ovidas, el 4aster ?!icae!te cabia% *oco!trario tabi"! es verdadero% +ovie!do lai!as del pa#uete del 5re!te hacia elpa#uete de la parte trasera disi!u$e el 4aster%

El 4aber tabi"! es alterado al over las lai!as% Para i!cree!tar el

4aber a u! !?ero as positivo, aKada lai!as e! abos pa#uetes de lai!as%Esto i!cli!a la parte superior de la rueda alej-!dola del vehiculo% Para reducir el4aber, reueva lai!as de abos pa#uetes% AKadie!do o reovie!do i'uales'rosores de los pa#uetes de lai!as cabia el 4aber si! a5ectar el 4aster% Detal a!era #ue la respuesta correcta para esta pre'u!ta es la respuesta AKadie!do u! 'rosor i'ual de lai!as a los pa#uetes 5ro!tales $ traserosi!cree!tara el 4aber ?!icae!te%

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; 'elphi ()) 4997+agina 64

3%B Despu"s #ue ha sido reali8ada u!a ali!eaci! de las ruedas dela!teras, elvola!te de direcci! !o esta ce!tradoEl T"c!ico A dice #ue u! i!correcto -!'ulo de epuje podr=a ser la causa delproblea%El T"c!ico dice #ue u!a de las ruedas tie!e el A!'ulo as adela!tado #ue laotra $ esto (e5ecto setBbacU) podr=a ser la causa del problea%LMui"! tie!e la ra8!N


An.li!i!

Para respo!der esta pre'u!ta !ecesitaos irar la copleta 'eoetr=a de u!vehiculo% +ie!tras #ue el 4aber, el 4aster $ la 4o!ver'e!cia puede! todosesta de!tro de las especi5icacio!es, si la l=!ea de epuje de las ruedastraseras !o coi!cide co! la l=!ea ce!tral del chasis, las ruedas dela!teras $traseras !o estar-! ali!eadas al overse el vehiculo% *as ruedas dela!teras e!este caso estar-! paralelas a la l=!ea de epuje de las ruedas traseras% Elvehiculo se over- derechoV si! ebar'o, el vola!te estar- desce!trado% *aali!eaci! de las ruedas e! las cuatro ruedas veri5ica este problea al edir el

-!'ulo de epujeV este es, el -!'ulo 5orado e!tre la l=!ea ce!tral del chasis $la l=!ea de epuje de las ruedas traseras% +ie!tras #ue este problea puedeocurrir e! al'u!os coches co! ejes slidos debido a u! reepla8o del ejetrasero o a u! accide!te, es e;treadae!te co?! e! los veh=culos #uetie!e! ajustes de 4o!ver'e!cia $ 4aber traseros, tales coo a#uellose!co!trados e! las suspe!sio!es traseras i!depe!die!tes% @!a copletaali!eaci! e! las cuatro ruedas ali!ea las ruedas traseras co! el chasis, $ lue'oali!ea las ruedas ali!ea las ruedas dela!teras co! las ruedas traseras% De tala!era #ue usted puede !otar #ue el T"c!ico A esta e! lo cierto de #ueocasio!a la i!correcta posici! del vola!te de la direcci!% *o #ue dice elT"c!ico , hace re5ere!cia a u! !uevo teri!o 9Ajuste de la base de la rueda:(Set acU)% El ajuste de la base de la rueda es la dista!cia adela!te o atr-s deu!a rueda dela!tera co! respecto a la otra% Si esto ocurre, u! lado del vehiculo


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te!dr- u!a base de la rueda as corta, $ el vehiculo jalara e! la direcci! dellado co! e!or base de la rueda% *os probleas co! el ajuste de la base de larueda usuale!te ocurre! e! veh=culos #ue ha! estado i!volucrados e! al'?!accide!te $ !o ha! sido reparados adecuadae!te%

+agina 6= ;'elphi ()) 4997

*o #ue dice el T"c!ico es 5also E;cesiva di5ere!cia e! la base de la ruedaocasio!ar=a #ue el vehiculo jalara hacia u! lado o se ladeara, !o ocasio!ar=a#ue el vola!te de la direcci! este desce!trado% *a respuesta A, el T"c!ico A?!icae!te es la respuesta correcta%



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a4 - Susp y Direccion