AhÉÑxÉÇUcÉlÉÉ AÉÍhÉ AÉuÉiÉïxÉÉËUhÉÏ

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AhÉÑxÉÇUcÉlÉÉ AÉÍhÉ AÉuÉiÉïxÉÉËUhÉÏ. AÉmÉhÉ MüÉrÉ ÍzÉMühÉÉU AÉWûÉåiÉ?. pÉÉaÉ 1: AhÉÑxÉÇUcÉlÉÉ LåÌiÉWûÉÍxÉMü mÉɵÉïpÉÔqÉÏ QûÉûsOûlÉ jÉÊqxÉlÉ ÂSUTüÉåQïû/ oÉÉåWûU AhÉÔcÉå AÇiÉUÇaÉ Mü¤ÉÉ AÉÍhÉ EmÉMü¤ÉÉ AhÉÑAÇMü AÉÍhÉ AhÉÑuÉxiÉÑqÉÉlÉ qÉÔsÉSìurÉÉÇcÉå CsÉåYOíûÊlÉ xÉÇÃmÉhÉ - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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  • AhxUcl Ah AuixUh

  • Amh Mr zMhU AWi?pa 1: AhxUclLiWxM mpqQsOljqxlSUTQ/ oWUAhc AiUaM Ah EmMAhAM Ah AhuxiqlqsSurc CsYOl xmhpa 2: AuixUh

  • pa 1: AhxUclLiWxM mpq

  • QsOlc Ahmhsel QsOl Casz ulMmSj Ahc olss AxiiLM qsSurc xu Ah xql ahkqc Ah LMc uxiqlcAhcr xraqV xra oliiAh Auper Ah Aulz Axiel QsOl 1766 - 1844

  • Ahcr AiUM bOMc zk : MjQ MUh lVuwlqc lV Ah MjQ MUh lV uml Mssr mraul Ahcr AiUM bOMc zk sasAx ARVs M Gh Aail lbss MjQ MUh zsM coMqV Ah kl Gh msOqks uwimqV ucsi Wi r mmc EmU e. e. jqxl r ulMl Ss

  • jqxlc AhmiMi jqxll SZus MMjQ MUh W Mh (CsYOl) Axii; mMz MUh luWuwimis ircr ucslcr Szul i HhmpUi Axui.jqxlc AhmiMiCsYOl W Ahc xq bOM AWAh W klmpUi as Axiri MsaQcr or mqh uZUss HhmpUi CsYOl Axiirooi mRs xzkl SUTQ (1871 1937) r ulMl MsMW lul zM lqh fsr ! Ah pUu AW Mzul ? klmpUc uiUh Ahcr AiUai Mx fs AW? AhoWU mQhU Mh CsYOlc M Axii ?

  • SUTQc mraSUTQl xlrcr Aizr miV m`muU Aiuaul AsT Mhc qU MsAsT Mh : Ahm xq, klmpUi, irc xi : mslAqxlrcr m`mc eQ 1/50000 xqlUh20000 AsT MhmM xqU 19990 Mh AUmU as; lF Mh uauatr Szl uMUi fs; T LM Mh Asr Szl mUi as

    MW m ! Ah pUu Axi iU oWiz Mh AUmU as Axi M? klmpU Ahcr AiUai xaVMQ mxUss Axi iU MuV lF AsT Mh uMUi fs Axi M? 20 WeUmM MuV LMc AsT Mh Ahcr MPsr iU pUu pax ASVl mUi as AW. qa W pUu pa Ahcr LMh AMUqlcr isll sWl Axs M qP?

  • SUTQc aWasr AhmiH iAhc klmpU Ah uxiql MSMqkr LMuOss AxiiMSMpui GhmpUi CsYOl xrpui TUhrr aWmqh uiVMU Mu soMU Mqkr TUi AxiiAh oUcx mMV AxiAhc er 10-8 xq iU MSMc er MuV 10-13 xq Ahcr erm LM s mOl sWl

    oWU r ulMl uUs miH iqkr xkUh Ml Szus M erc Ee xjU Axi Az uz Mic CsYOl T zMii

  • Ahcr xMsmli MslxU fss oSs

  • Ahc AiUaSUTQ Ah oWUcr xzkli CiU AlM ulMl pU bsl Ahcr AiUac e qWi qVus ic Amh Aprx MUhU AWipa 1: AhxUcl

  • Ahc AiUa Ahis qspiMhMSMqkr Z LuR klmpUi mOlZ s AhAM qWhiiMSMqkr N LuR mpUUWi lrOlA = Z + N rs AhuxiqlM qWhiiMSMoWU uauatr Mi (Mu Muci) pqh MUhU GhmpUi CsYOl

    qsSurc AhAM Ah AhuxiqlM Szuhrc xMi

  • Ahc AiUa Ahis qspiMhklmpUi MSMcr AMwM osqV CsYOl Ahqkr oSxi UWiin qMcr Mi exii exi 2n2 CiMc CsYOl xqumpUUWi Ahqkr CsYOlc Ah mOlc xZr xqlmOl u lrOlc uxiql xql (1.6 x 1024 a)CsYOlc uxiql mOlm 1837 mOl MqoMis CsYOluU mSjc UxrlM ahkq Ausol Axii

  • Ahc AiUa M, EmM Ah FeMSMpui CsYOl MuV PUuM xqi Mic T zMiir qZr Mqkr asMU Ah souiVMU EmM AxiiEmMc lu : s, p, d, f, gs asMU, p soMU, d SbsoMU soMU EmMc Fe asMU EmMm exi AximirM qZr Mi s EmMis CsYOl xui Mq Fexjii, p EmMis CsYOlc Fe irm jQ exi, ...Es < Ep < Ed < Ef qZr Mcr qMCiYrc EmMmWsr Mi 1 EmM (s)Sxr Mi 2 EmM (s, p)ixr Mi 3 EmM (s, p, d)cjr Mi ???

  • Ahc AiUa qZrM, EmM Ah CsYOlc xZr

    qZr M .EmMc xZrEmMc luEmMis exii exi CsYOlc xZrqZr Mis exii exi CsYOlc xZr111s22222s 2p2 68333s 3p 3d2 6 1018444s 4p 4d 4f2 610 1432

  • Ahc AiUa EmMc AMUS EmMp EmMd EmM

  • Ahc AiUa qsSurc CsYOl xmhlrqs EmM qkr exii exi 2 CsYOl, p qkr 6, d qkr 10, f qkr 14,...xui Mq Fec EmM 1s mjq pUiirliU uRir Eecr ql CiU Mqkr CsYOl pUiiuRir Eec q AMii SZusrmqh 3p liU 3d EmM rrs Wu. lc MWiU cMsr!

  • Ahc AiUa qsSurc CsYOl xmh -WrQel1s1

  • Ahc AiUa qsSurc CsYOl xmh - Wsrq1s2

  • Ahc AiUa qsSurc CsYOl xmh - sjAq1s2, 2s1

  • Ahc AiUa qsSurc CsYOl xmh - oUsAq1s2, 2s2

  • Ahc AiUa qsSurc CsYOl xmh oUl1s2, 2s2, 2p1

  • Ahc AiUa qsSurc CsYOl xmh - Mol1s2, 2s2, 2p2

  • Ahc AiUa qsSurc CsYOl xmh - lrOel1s2, 2s2, 2p3

  • Ahc AiUa qsSurc CsYOl xmh -BYxel 1s2, 2s2, 2p4

  • Ahc AiUa qsSurc CsYOl xmh -nsAUl1s2, 2s2, 2p5

  • Ahc AiUa qsSurc CsYOl xmh lBl1s2, 2s2, 2p6

  • Ahc AiUa qsSurc CsYOl xmh xQAq, YsUl, AUal, mOzAq, MszAq, xMQAq..

  • Ahc AiUa xqxjlMxqxjlM : AhAM xql mh AhuxiqlM uaV Axss LMc qsSurc p AhqWhec mOlc xZr xql mh lrOlc xZr uaV

  • AhxUcl : Amh Mr zMs?Ahcr MSMi klmpUi mOl u mpUUWi lrOlmOl u lrOlc uxiql xql AhAM Z = MSMis mOlc xZrAhuxiqlM A = MSMis mOl + lrOlc xZrMSMpui PUuM xjU Ee Mi GhmpUi CsYOlmpUUWi Ahi mOl u CsYOlc xZr xqlCsYOlc uxiql mOlm 1837 mOl Mqn qMcr Mi exii exi 2n2 CiMc CsYOl xquqZr Mqkr asMU(s) Ah souiVMU (p, d, f, g) EmMqZr Mcr qMCiYrc EmMsoMU EmMc Fe asMU EmMm exi AximirM qZr Mi s EmMis CsYOl xui Mq Fexjii, p EmMis CsYOlc Fe irm jQ exi... Es < Ep < Ed < Ef

  • AhxUcl : Amh Mr zMs?qsSurc CsYOl xmh uRir AhAMlxU Ahis CsYOl uauatr Mi/ EmMi upas eiiCsYOl xmhc lrq s EmM qkr exii exi 2 CsYOl, p qkr 6, d qkr 10, f qkr 14,...xui Mq Fec EmM 1s mjq pUiirliU uRir Eecr ql CiU Mqkr CsYOl pUiiuRir Eecr Mc q : 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p

  • pa 2AuixUhAmh Ahcr AiUac e qWi qVus ic umU Ml qsSurc qQh Mz Ms ei i mWhU AWi

  • AuixUhAuil : xi AQur AVLM Auiis qsSurc UxrlM ahkq QuMQl EeuMQ qql oSsi eii ah : APU Ep xipLM ahis qsSurcr ahkqi xqr Axi AuixUh : qsSurc AhAMlxU Mss qQh

  • AuixUh Auilc mMUsjlDQ lohAYOlDQ loh

  • AuixUh AqsU ki (ah 1)

  • AuixUh AqsU qS ki (ah 2)

  • AuixUh xqM Ah CiU ki

  • AuixUh Aki Ah kixSz qsSur1234567123456789101112131415161718

  • AuixUh Wsel (ah 17)

  • AuixUh Ue (Mu lwr) ur (ah 17)

  • AuixUh Ahcr o EmMlxU uaMUhs ZQd ZQp ZQf ZQ1765432

    1 H2 He3 Li4 Be5 B6 C7 N8 O9 F10 Ne11 Na12 Mg13 Al14 Si15 P16 S17 Cl18 Ar19 K20 Ca21 Sc22 Ti23 V24 Cr25 Mn26 Fe27 Co28 Ni29 Cu30 Zn31 Ga32 Ge33 As34 Se35 Br36 Kr37 Rb38 Sr39 Y40 Zr41 Nb42 Mo43 Tc44 Ru45 Rh46 Pd47 Ag48 Cd49 In50 Sn51 Sb52 Te53 I54 Xe55 Cs56 Ba57- 7172 Hf73 Ta74 W75 Re76 Os77 Ir78 Pt79 Au80 Hg81 Tl82 Pb83 Bi84 Po85 At86 Rn87 Fr88 Ra89 - 103104 Rf105 Db106 Sg107 Bh108 Hs109 Mt110 Uun111 Uuu112 Uub113 Uut114 Uuq115 Uup116 Uuh117 Uus118 Uuo

    57 La58 Ce59 Pr60 Nd61 Pm62 Sm63 Eu64 Gd65 Tb66Dy67 Ho68 Er69 Tm70 Yb71 Lu89 Ac90 Th91 Pa92 U93 Np94 Pu95 Am96 Cm97 Bk98 Cf99 Es100 Fm101 Md102 No103 Lr

  • FeAuixUh CsYOl xmhs ZQd ZQp ZQ f ZQ

    H HeLi Be B C N O F NeNa MgAl Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe CsBa Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra

    La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Ac Th Pa U

  • AuixUh : Amh Mr zMs ?AuixUh: qsSurcr uRir AhqMlxU Mss irc qQhAuixUhi 18 Ep xip (ah) u 7 AQur AV (Auil)LM ahis qsSurcr UxrlM ahkqi xqr AximWs ah : AsMs ki (cas mhM)SxU ah : AsMs qS ki (ormM mhM)xiUu ah : Wselx (cas BYxQMUM)APUu ah : lwr urAuili QuMQl EeuMQ kiah Mq Wi u Akiah uRi eiSxU u ixU Auil : sb Auil (8 qsSurc)cuj u mcu Auil : Sb Auil (18 qsSurc)xWu u xiu Auil : Sbiq Auil (32 qsSurc)

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