CAC VAN E CAN TM HIEUTAM QUAN TRONG CUA VIEC NGHIEN CU CHONG AN MON KIM LOAIAN MON KIM LOAI VA PHAN LOAI AN MON KIM LOAIPNG PHP BO V & NG DNG CA TNG PHNG PHP

TAM QUAN TRONG CUA VIEC NGHIEN CU VE CHONG AN MON KIM LOAINgay nay vat lieu kim loai chiem v tr quan trong nhat trong nen kinh te quoc dan, do co hoat tnh cao chung b moi trng tac ong lam pha huy dan t ngoai vao trong. cac nc cong nghiep phat trien, ngi ta c tnh thiet hai do an mon chiem khoang 3% tong san pham quoc dan, thiet hai se ln hn neu tnh ca cho chi ph bao dng, thay the vat lieu va hau qua cua an mon lam o nhiem moi trng va mat can bang sinh thai. Viet Nam, do co kh hau nong am, ty le s dung vat lieu kim loai con cao. V vay thiet hai do an mon con co the ln hn.

Nc bien co cha muoi hoa tan (nc man) nen dan ien tot, bi vay cac cong trnh bien b an mon manh do cac dong ien hoa tang cng, khong ch be mat kim loai tiep xuc vi nc bien ma ca trong cot be tong An mon bien con ac trng bang cac lp sinh vat bam nh: hau, ha, rong, reuV bien ngay cang c khai thac nhieu hn, cac cong trnh bien nh: cang, dan khoan dau, khSo lng tau thuyenngay cang nhieu nen an mon bien thiet hai rat ln. Cac cong nghe e phong, chong va giam tac hai cua an mon bien chu yeu la tao cac lp vat lieu bao ve ben, cac lp bao ve ac hieu, cac phng phap dien hoa vi ien cc hi sinh.v.v.

BIEU O VE S PHAN BO THIET HAI

n Mn Kim Loi L G?n mn kim loi l: s pha huy kim loai hoac hp kim do tac dung hoa hoc cua moi trng xung quanh (theo ngha rng l s ph hy vt liu), trong o nguyen t kim loai b oxy hoa thanh ion dng kim loai.M - ne Mn+

n mn kim loiTheoc ch n mnTheomi trng n mnTheophm vi n mnn mn in han mnha hcn mn khng kh

n mn t

n mn ncbin nmn Cc b n mn ton b

BNG PHN LOI N MN KIM LOI

nh ngha: S ph hy kim loi do kim loi phn ng ha hc vi cht kh hoc hi nc nhit cao. Qu trnh n mn l kt qu ca phn ng d thAN MON HOA HOCV d: Fe b n mn bi khng kh3Fe + 2CO2 = Fe3O4 + 2C3Fe + 4H2O = Fe3O4 + 4H2

nh ngha: An mon ien hoa la s pha huy kim loai do kim loai tiep xuc vi dung dch chat ien ly tao nen dong ien.n Mn in HaC che an mon ien hoaGom ba qua trnh c ban la:Qua trnh AnodQua trnh CatodQua trnh dan ien

Qua Trnh AnodQua trnh Anod: la qua trnh oxy hoa ien hoa trong o kim loai chuyen vao dung dch di dang ion va giai phong ien t:M Mn+ + neac biet khi trong dung dch co nhng ion kim loai co ien the cc dng hn kim loai b an mon th qua trnh xay ra:M Mn+ + ne Mn+ Mn+ + ne

Qua trnh Catod: la qua trnh kh ien hoa, trong o cac chat oxy hoa nhan ien t do kim loai b an mon giai phong ra.Qua Trnh CatodOx + ne Red Neu Ox la H+ th qua trnh catod xay ra: 2H+ + 2e H2 Neu Ox la O2 th qua trnh catod xay ra: * Vi moi trng acid:O2 + 4H+ + 4e 2H2O * Vi moi trng trung tnh hoac baz: O2 + 2H2O + 4e 2OH-

Qua Trnh Dan ienCac dien t do kim loai b an mon giai phong ra se di chuyen t ni co phan ng Anod ti ni co phan ng Catod, con cac ion dch chuyen trong dung dch.

Hai ien cc cung chat Kim loi khng b an mn

Th nghim 1:ieu kien an mon ien hoa:

Th nghim 2:Khi khong co day danKhi hai kim loai tiep xuc nhau Khng xy ra qu trinh n mn xy ra qu trinh n mn

Th Nghim 3:* Thay dung dch in ly bng dung dch khong in lyDung dch khong din ly. Khng xy ra qu trinh n mn

Th nghim 4: (m t) xy ra qu trinh n mn

Cac ien cc phai khac nhau. Cac ien cc phai tiep xuc vi nhau. Cac ien cc phai cung tiep xuc vi mot dung dch chat ien ly.

Nguyn Tc: Lm th no gim ti a dng n mn kim loi khi kim loi tip xc vi mi trng.Cc phng php:Chn v ch to vt liu chng n mn caoTo lp ph b mt bng kim loi hoc phi kimX l mi trngBo v in ha

Cc phng php chng n mn ha hcSn xut cc hp kim bn vi nhit, chng g.Ph lp bo v chng n mn nh sn, m Crom, m Nhm, m Niken Dng cht c ch n mn.To mi trng kh tr xung quanh bo v kim loi nh N2, Argon, Heli

Nhng kim loi c tnh th ng hoc hp kim cha Cr nh: Cr, Thp cha Ti-AlNhng kim loi c kh nng to sn phm chng n mn khi tip xc vi mi trng nh: Cu, Zn, Pb, AlTrong qu trnh SX c th thm ph gia to san phm chng n mn tt nh: Al-Cu, Cu-Zn

Mc ch: tng v p cho vt liu v chng n mn Lp ph anod (protct): c tc dng ngn cn s tip xc ca kim loi cn bo v vi mi trng, c ch l dng kim loi c th thp hp lm vt hi sinh.Lp ph catod: ch c th chng n mn kim loi khi lp ph kn. Khi kim loi ph c th dng hnNgoi ra cn c lp ph hu c nh: sn, du, nht

C ch:Thm vo mi trng cht ha hc vi mt lng nh c th km hm cc qu trnh phn cc.Phn loi:cht c ch catot: gim tc qu trnh canot.Cht c ch anot, catot: gim c 2 qu trnh.Cht c ch anot: gim tc qu trnh anot.

* Bo v Catod:Bo v Catod bng in cc hi sinh:kim loi bo v c th thp hn v b n mn, h hi dn bo v kim loi cn bo v.VD: bo v v tu bng ng, ngi ta ph mt lp km bn ngoi.Bo v catod bng dng in ngoi: gim ha th ko theo gim dong n mn, KL cn bo v c ni vi cc m, KL bo v ni vi cc dng.VD: bo v ng ng dn du trong lng t. Ni ng ng ny vi cc m ca ngun 1 chiu, cc dng c ni vi thp ph liu.

*Bo v anod: Phn cc anod to mt lp th ng lm dng n mn gim mt cch ng k. Khi th ca kim loi s chuyn dch t th m sang th dng.

ng Dng Chng n Mn Kim Loic ng dng trong cng ngh m in ln b mc kim loi nh: M km, m ng, m vng, nikenva chng an mn kim loi va lm p b mc vt liu c m.c ng dng trong cc cng trnh xy dng nh: Cu, cng, cc cng trnh ven bin, nh nh vic la chn vt liu tt, m, sn bn ngoi vt liu mt lp lm tng tui th ca vt liuV tu thuyn c m mt lp ng bn ngoi nhm chng n mn do nc bin.

Xin Chn Thnh Cm n C VCc BnNguyn Hong DuyMSSV: 2092123Nguyn vn chnh MSSV: 2092120Nguyen Minh LutMSSV: 2092139Danh Si Ra MSSV: 2092156Hunh Th Bch NgcMSSV: 2092144