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2014/1/5 1
SINH L T BO
THS. NGUYN HNG H
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1. I CNG
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n v cu to v chc nng
S lng: 100.000 t t bo
Thnh phn:
Nc 70-85%
Cc cht in gii
Protein: 10-20%
Lipid: 2% (tb m chim 95% triglyceride)
Carbohydrat: 1% (3%c, 6%gan)
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2. MNG T BO
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Cc loi mng:
Mng bo tng
Mng bo quan, mng nhn
c im: mng, n hi, lng
Thnh phn:
Protein: 55%
Lipid
Glucid
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CU TRC
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1. Lipid
Phospholipid: lp lipid kp
Cholesterol
2. Protein
Protein trung tm: knh, chtmang
Protein ngoi vi
3. Glucid
Glycoprotein,glycolipid
Proteoglycan
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Phospholipid: glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, v
cholesterol
Cu hnh: lp lipid kp
Chc nng:
Cu trc c bn
Vn chuyn cc cht
Cholesterol
Cu hnh: este
Chc nng: tnh lng
THNH PHN LIPID
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Protein xuyn mng
Cu hnh
Chc nng:
Protein vn chuyn(knh, mang enzym, mang khng enzym)
Protein khng nguyn
Protein nhn din
Protein ngoi vi
Cu hnh
Chc nng:
Enzym
Khung, co rt
THNH PHN PROTEIN
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THNH PHN GLUCID
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Cu hnh: glycocalyx thy nhiu nht mt ngoi ca mng
Glycolipid, glycoprotein
Proteoglycan
Chc nng:
y cht (-)
Kt dnh
Receptor
Min dch
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CHC NNG MNG T BO
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Phn cch vi mi trng xung quanh
Trao i thng tin gia cc t bo
Tham gia hot ng tiu ha v bi tit ca t bo
Vn chuyn chn lc cc cht qua mng t bo
Tc nhn to ra in th mng
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2.1. PHN CCH VI MI TRNG XUNGQUANH
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T chc sng c lp tng i, n v cu trc v chc nng
Cc bo quan
Dch ni bo
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2.2. TRAO I THNG TIN GIA CC TBO
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Gia cc t bo st nhau:
Loi t bo: biu m, thn kinh, c trn, c tim
Cu trc:
6 connexin
Knh connexon
Hot ng:
Nc
Phn t nh
ngha: nhanh, Co cng lc
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GIA CC T BO XA NHAU
H thng thnkinh
H thng thdch
Knh truyntin
Khe synap Dch ngoi bo
Cht truyn tin Cht truyn tthn kinh
Hormon
B phn nhntin (receptor)
.Nron tiptheo
.T bo png
. Mng
. Bo tng
. Nhn
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2.3. TIU HA V BI TIT
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Hin tng nhp bo
Hin tng xut bo
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2.3.1. NHP BO
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-2 hnh thc:
-Thc bo
-m bo
-C ch
-Chc nng
-Khi u qu trnh tiu ha
-To c ng dng amib
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Thc bo m bo
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2.3.2. XUT BO
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Chc nng:
Bi tit cht tng hp
Bi xut cht cn b
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2014/1/5 17
Xut bo
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2.4. VN CHUYN CHN LC CC CHTQUA MNG
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Vn chuyn th ng
Khuch tn
Thm thu
in thm
Siu lc
Vn chuyn ch ng
Vn chuyn ch ng s cp
Vn chuyn ch ng th cp
Vn chuyn tch cc qua k t bo
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2.4.1. VN CHUYN TH NG
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Khi nim:
Theo hng gradient
Khng cn cung cp nng lng ATP
Hu ht khng cn cht mang
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2.4.1.1. KHUCH TN
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Khi nim: cao thp, chuyn ng nhit
Cc yu t nh hng:
Bn cht cht khuch tn
Nhit
Trng thi mng
1 cht khc cng khuch tn
Chnh lch nng
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Hnh thc:
Khuch tn n gin
Qua lp lipid kp
Qua knh protein
Khuch tn c gia tc
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Khuch tn n gin Khuch tnc gia tcQua lp lipid
kpQua knh
protein
Hnh thc Trc tip qua khe Trc tip quaknh
Cht mang(protein VC)
Chtkhuchtn
Lipid, kh, vitamintan trong du,nc
Ion, nc Dinh dng
c im - Tnh tan tronglipid
- ng nng canc ln
-ng knh,hnh dng, intch
-V tr v s ngm cng knh
-Cht khuch tngn ln im gn
-Thay i cu hnh
-Chuyn ngnhit
Khc nhau Tc khng c gi tr gii hn Tc c gi trgii hn
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KHUCH TN N GIN
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VC c gia tc VC Glucose
Khuch tn c gia tc
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2.4.1.2. HIN TNG THM THU
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Khi nim:
Dung dch: dung mi, cht tan
Dung mi: ASTT thp n ASTT cao
Lut Vant Hoff: P=RTC
n v ca C: osmol
Osmolality: s osmol/kg dung dch
Osmolarity: s osmol/lt dung dch
C ca dch c th: 282-285 mosmol/L
ngha
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2.4.1.3. IN THM
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Khi nim: s chuyn ng ca cc ion khi c s chnh lchin th
Trng thi thng bng ng:
chnh lch in th=chnh lch nng
Phng trnh Nernst (ion ha tr 1):
EMF=61log(C1/C2)
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2.4.1.4. SIU LC
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Mao mch
Pa=30mmHg
U=28mmHg
Pa=10mmHg
U=28mmHg
S=8mmHg
Pb= -3mmHg
TIU NG MCH TIU TNH MCHM
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2.4.2. VN CHUYN CH NG
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Khi nim:
Ngc hng gradient
Cn cung cp nng lng ATP
Cn cht mang
Hnh thc:
Vn chuyn ch ng s cp
Vn chuyn ch ng th cp
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S cp Th cp
ng vnchuynthun
ng vnchuynnghch
c im ATP trc tip -ATP gin tip-Cng hng
-ATP gin tip
-Ngc hng
Cht cVC
Cc ion Cht hu c (dinh dng), ion
V d -Bm Na+
(Na+/K+-ATP)
-Cc bm khc: bm Ca++, bmH+
- Na+ vglucose, aa
- Na+,K+ v 2 Cl-
- Na+ - Ca++
- Na+ - H+
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2014/1/5 31S cp Th cp
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C IM
Th ng Ch ng Bng ti
Nnglng
Chuynng nhit
ATP ATP
Chiu vnchuyn
Cng chiu gradient
nng
Ngc chiugradient inha
Theo nhu
cu t bo
Hnh thc Trc tip hoc cht mang
Cht mang Mt phnmng tbo
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TM LI
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1. Vn chuyn th ng: Khuch tn n gin
Khuch tn c gia tc
2. Vn chuyn ch ng: Vn chuyn ch ng s cp
Vn chuyn ch ng th cp
3. Tiu ha, bi tit: Hin tng nhp bo
Hin tng xut bo
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Vn chuyn tch cc qua k t bo: phi hp cc dng vnchuyn
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2.5. TC NHN TO RA IN THMNG, IN TH HOT NG
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in th ngh
in th hot ng
Dng in sinh hc
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2.5.1. IN TH NGH
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Khuch tn K+.
Khuch tn Na+.
Hot ng ca bm Na+ K+ ATPase.
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2.5.2. IN TH HOT NG
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-90mV
-40mV
EPP=50mV
Ngng
-15mV
Action
potential
MEPP
Na+
K+ K+
K+Na+
3 Na+
2 K+
Ca++
Na+
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Dng in hi cc
Chiu hi cc
2.5.3. DNG IN SINH HC
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+ + + + + + + + + + + + +
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Trng thi ngh
Qu trnh phn cc
Trng thi kch thch
Qu trnh kh cc
Trng thi hi cc
Qu trnh hi cc
+
_
+
_
+
_
+
_
+
_
+
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+
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+
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
+ + + + + +
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_
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+
_
+
_
+
_
+
_
+
_
+
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+
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+
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+
Chiu kh cc
Dng in kh cc
A B A B
+
_
_
+
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+
_
+
_
+
_
+
+
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+
_
+
_
+
_
+ + + + + + +
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3. CC BO QUAN
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Ty th
Tiu th
Mng li ni bo tng
B Golgi
Peroxisome
Lng
B xng
Trung th
Nhn
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3.1. TY TH (MITOCHONDRIA)
Cu trc
Chc nng: sn sinh v tch tr E qua chu trnh Krebs v chui h hp
tbo
Trm nng lng
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3.2. TIU TH (LYSOSOME)
Cu trc
Chc nng: tiu ha
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3.3. MNG LI NI BO TNG
Cu trc: 2 loi (gn v khng gn ribosome)
Chc nng:
Sinh tng hp protein (MLNBT ht)
Sinh tng hp lipid (MLNBT trn)
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3.4. B GOLGI
Cu trc
Chc nng:
Tch tr, c c
Sinh tng hp glucid
To tiu th
B sung mng
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3.5. PEROXISOME
Cu trc
Chc nng: kh c
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3.6. LNG T BO
Cu trc
Chc nng: y dch
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3.7. B XNG T BO
Cu trc
Chc nng:
Hnh dng t bo v v trca cc bo quan
To cc c ng ca tbo v cc chuyn ngtrong t bo.
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3.8. TRUNG TH
Cu trc
Chc nng: phn chia
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3.9. NHN
Cu trc
Chc nng:
Phn bo
Sinh tng hp protein
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