Bài 3.Xúc Tác Sinh Học

7/26/2019 Bi 3.Xc Tc Sinh Hc

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Bi ging ha sinh

XC TC SINH HC DSCKII. Nguyn vn nh


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MC TIU : 1. Trnh by c nhng c im chung ca enzym, vitamin vhormon 2. Trnh by c anh !h"!, !h#n $o%i v nhng c im c&u tr'cchung ca enzym

(. )i*i th+ch c c ch- 'c t"c chung ca enzym v trnh by c/h"i ni0m v ng h3c ca enzym. 4. 56u c t+nh c hi0u ca enzym v c"c y-u t7 *nh h8ng -nho%t ng ca enzym.


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A. I CNG :

1. PHN NG HO SINH :nh ngha phn ng ha sinh : l tt c cc phn ng ho

hc xy ra trong c th sng ( trong t bo, trong bo quan,ngoi t bo) phn ln cc phn ng ho sinh l phn ngthun nghch do en !" #$c tc % ng&'i ta c th chit #u*ten !" t+ cc " sng , r-i tin hnh phn ng h a sinhtrong ph.ng th/ nghi0" ( in %itro ),


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tp hp cc phn ng ha sinh n s totp hp cc phn ng ha sinh n s tothnh qu trnh chuyn ha cc cht,thnh qu trnh chuyn ha cc cht,p ng 2 yu c u trnp ng 2 yu c u trn! to cc cht "#y $%ng c& 'n c& th! to cc cht "#y $%ng c& 'n c& th( i ph#n t) * ++( i ph#n t) * ++ to hnhto hnh!! to n-ngto n-ng ./ng ++ 0o th#n nhi1t./ng ++ 0o th#n nhi1t

to c ng 3 'o to c ng 3 'o

hot 4ng s5ng (co c&666*hot 4ng s5ng (co c&666*


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1 23ng h a h4c 5 th6 phn ng chia l" 7 lo8i 59 :hn ng "3t chi;u ?

9 :hn ng 7 chi;u thun nghch 5 = ? ( phn ln phn ng h a sinh l phn ng thunnghch )


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Mi u ch c A v B cha c C v D, nng A v B ln nht nn!i, "#t $h%c nng C v D &'ng ( nn v) c*ng &'ng (+

hi A v B -hn .ng vi nhau t!/ thnh C v D th0 nng A v Bn, nng C v D t2ng n, / v1 gi" n, v v) t2ng n+ 34n "tn/ th0 v1 6 v) , l t7!ng th%i c8n &'ng ng, t7/ng -hn .ng vt:c ;< 7a th=/ hai chi>u nhng t?c -hn .ng th=/ chi>u thu@n &'ng -hn .ng th=/ chi>u ngh ch+ a c v1 6 v) 6E

$1 FCG FDG

$1 FAG FBG 6 $) FCG FDG 6E HHHH 6 HHHHHHHHHHH


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MNi phn ng thun nghch c hDng s cOn bDng riPngH* V !t nhi"t #$ng hc: c % lo&i

9 :hn ng pht nQng (%; nhi0t E3 c phn ng nhi0t)9 :hn ng thu nQng ( %; nhi0t E3 c phn ng thu nhi0t)

'(ng l) ng t+ ,o l : ph-n n(ng l) ng c th .i/n thnhc0ng 1 tc l ph-n n(ng l) ng c th sR dSng E&Tc)HU/ dS5 #Vt phn ng t+ = 9999999> ? th6 nQng l&Tng tW =, ? l X = % X? ( Xibbs)

1 ?in thiPn nQng l&Tng tW do5 Y X J X? 9 X = ( phn th hi0nra, l" bt ra nQng l&Tng, sinh c ng, nQng l&Tng E sRdSng)


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9Zu X? > X = 999>7X > [ 5 phn ng thu nQngH :hn ng n! ?, ch\ #! ra 7X ^ [ 5 phn ng pht nQngH :hn ng n! cth tW #! ra theo chi;u = 999> ?H X4i l phn ng thoi h a trong c_th H

1 ?in thiPn nQng l&Tng tW do chu`n YX[ 5 phn ng #! ra trong Ei;u


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2. CHT XC TC SINH HC :9 :hn ln cc phn ng trong c_ th E;u c ch*t #$c tc

9 Bh*t #$c tc sinh h4c l sn ph" sinh %t, l&Tng nhf nh&ng c


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89 $: ; "


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Ch ! :

" #h$ %&%' ( ) *+) ),- %/0 3* 45%6 )7 *h8 49 *&%'%h-%h h$% ;%' h9%' * 4?%.

@ B : CO2 " H2O H2COD

E%/0 49 )- F %


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D. YC IZM C[A @ITAMIN6 EN\]M6 HO^MON :(.1. 9:T;


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A K 2 nh3 Fita3in ;A K 2 nh3 Fita3in ;

! Fita3in tan trong .ipi$ ; =,L,@,M! Fita3in tan trong .ipi$ ; =,L,@,M ! Fita3in tan trong n/Nc ; gO3 cc! Fita3in tan trong n/Nc ; gO3 cc

8ita3in thu4c nh3 >, 8ita3in K , 8ita3in PP8ita3in thu4c nh3 >, 8ita3in K , 8ita3in PP A QhiRu 8ita3in tan trong n/Nc tha3 gia cu to FA QhiRu 8ita3in tan trong n/Nc tha3 gia cu to F

hot 4ng cSa nhiRu @nEy3, c: th . chGnghot 4ng cSa nhiRu @nEy3, c: th . chGng tha3tha3gia cu to ph n KoDnEy3gia cu to ph n KoDnEy3 cSa 34t s5 DnEy3 ccSa 34t s5 DnEy3 ccoDnEy36coDnEy36


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(.2. >5?@< =jn !" c bn ch*t l protein % n do "4i t bo sn

#u*t ra, do E n "ang t/nh ch*t cGa proteinH Iheo Ei;u


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hi E phn protein thun g4i l =poen !" (=poj)H B3ngt c th l 5

H i" lo8i 5 ion mn AA, Mn AAHBh*t h u c_ J Bojn !"H i" lo8i A ch*t h u c_

Zh ng jn !" n! "un ho8t E3ng E&Tc cn phi cc3ng tH :hn ln en !" l lo8i c Bojn !"H Bojn !"chia l" 7 lo8i 5


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C E%/0 '_% )h`* 9 h?% A E hV%' *ha * )h W )J. C E%/0 '_% 4b%' 4c 9 h?% A E 4 ) '_% 9 6

4 ) )7 *h8 *+)h - 9 *ha * )h W )JA E " CK%' *d e E%/0 W?0 W, H 4 %/0 J

C+) )R * R%' Wd< %hb )7 *h8 *ha* )h W )6 )hi> W ) %h


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U/ dS 5 9 7 = 7 999999999999999> =

jn !" @ J =po@ 99999 Boj

97? 7 9999999999999999> ?jn !" 7 J =po7 99999 Boj


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(.(. ABC


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1.1. D;5A EAFE =1.1. D;5A EAFE = p> % Bq%' : B %' f< %'h W?> * *


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9 CWa %o tPn phn ng A a9 CWa %o tPn phn ng A a

*h n /ng*h n /ng #n y0n y0&

Kh1 c'%2 3ylKh1 c'%2 3yl D# c'%2 3ylD# c'%2 3yl''

Kh1 hy,%Kh1 hy,% D# hy,% g&nD# hy,% g&n''

T4ng h5+T4ng h5+ Synth&tSynth&t''


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1 2 EAG5 HBI: = J K $o%i>nzym


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1.2. EAG5 HBI: = J K $o%i >nzym(@) #!doreducta 5 w$c tc phn ng #! h a 9 x@A x7 (z) !a jn !" #$c tc phn ng phOn l! = A ?( ) vso"era 5 w$c tc phn ng E-ng phOn ho, chu! nd8ng E-ng phOn n! sang d8ng E-ng phOn


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MNi lo8i jn !" trPn l8i phOn thnh nhi;u nh "MNi nh " jn !" phOn thnh nhi;u phOn nh "MNi phOn nh " phOn thnh nhi;u jZm MMNi jn !" E&Tc Enh d*u bDng z con s 5 th @ 5ch\ s lo8i

th 7 5 ch\ s nh " th 5 ch\ s phOn nh " th z 5 ch\ s th tW trong phOn nh "

U/ dS 5 latat deh!drogena ( C ) 5 jHBH@H7H@H7

jHB 5 jn !" co""ittee


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7H M|I } 2~B 2vM jZm M 52.1. Trung t#m ho%t ng LTTAMN ca enzym =

9 b3 phn t&_ng Ei nhf so %i th t/ch ton b3 cGaen !" E l % ng


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BhuNi pol!peptid #on cu3n ( b), cc acid a"in trPn tr nPngn nhau % t8o thnh II 2 cGa en !"H

9 I/nh EFc hi0u cGa sW


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9 M h6nh ]


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9 M h6nh c" ng oshland ( E$ng h_n, E&Tc th+a nhn)9 M h6nh c" ng oshland ( E$ng h_n, E&Tc th+a nhn)

9 M3t en !" c th c @ hoFc nhi;u II 2HU/ dS5 alcol Ceh!drogena c 7 II 2H


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B_ ch ho8t E3ng cGa en !"e

B_ ch


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B_ ch


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B_ ch t&_ng th/ch c" ng

s tKng thLch c" .ng


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B_ ch c" ng


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2.2. D%ng /hOng ho%t ng v %ng ho%t ng ca >nzym =2.2. D%ng /hOng ho%t ng v %ng ho%t ng ca >nzym =

J#c Dnzym thuK phn p"otDin t"ong C1ch ti)u h%a LJ#c Dnzym thuK phn p"otDin t"ong C1ch ti)u h%a Lho t h%aho t h%aC ng khng ho t 9ng gHi MymogDn (p"oE N p"DE*::::::::;C ng khng ho t 9ng gHi MymogDn (p"oE N p"DE*::::::::;

Enzym ho t 9ngEnzym ho t 9ngcOt P s li)n k!t pDptiCcOt P s li)n k!t pDptiC

5JG (C Cy*5JG (C Cy*

8uy!n C Cy pDpsinogDn ::::::::::; pDpsin (khi Q hRnh8uy!n C Cy pDpsinogDn ::::::::::; pDpsin (khi Q hRnhthnh t@ ./c t#c*thnh t@ ./c t#c* (khi m3i t o thnh L C ng khng ho t(khi m3i t o thnh L C ng khng ho t

9ng*9ng*

EntD"okinazEntD"okinaz

8Sy t ng8Sy t ng 8"ypsinogDn ::::::::::::::::::; 8"ypsin 8"ypsinogDn ::::::::::::::::::; 8"ypsin


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2.(. >nzym P $Q! th L;$$oRteric >N2.(. >nzym P $Q! th L;$$oRteric >N

! K& hT hT $U th ht t $ g / gCi ht! K& chT c chT $U p th; cht tc $:ng /c gCi cht


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! K& chT c chT $U .p th; cht tc $:ng /c gCi . cht! K& chT c chT $U .p th; cht tc $:ng /c gCi . chtc chT $U .p th6c chT $U .p th6

K& chT $U .p th ng Fai trV quan trCng trong s% chuynK& chT $U .p th ng Fai trV quan trCng trong s% chuynhaha

@W @2 @X @n@W @2 @X @n

= AAA > AAA K AAA L AAA 6 6 6 6 6 6 Y= AAA > AAA K AAA L AAA 6 6 6 6 6 6 Y

ph?3 cu5i cIng Kht c chT LZ0ph?3 cu5i cIng Kht c chT LZ0[c chT ng/c .i[c chT ng/c .i

K& chT c chT $U .p th (\DD$ 'ac] inhi'ition*K& chT c chT $U .p th (\DD$ 'ac] inhi'ition*

Mhi Y qu nhu c u c& th quay .i c chT @WMhi Y qu nhu c u c& th quay .i c chT @W

h


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c ch ng&Tc

2.t. H= *hd%' M>4*< E:2.t. H= *hd%' M>4*< E:


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2.t. H hd% M 4 E:2.t. H hd% M 4 E:

>ao gO3 nh^ng @nEy3 "ut pht 34t chu_i phn ng .in>ao gO3 nh^ng @nEy3 "ut pht 34t chu_i phn ng .intiTp $Jn Tn s% to thnh 34t cht no 6tiTp $Jn Tn s% to thnh 34t cht no 6 @W @2 @X @n@W @2 @X @n= AAAAAAA > AAAAAAAA K AAAAAAAA L 6666= AAAAAAA > AAAAAAAA K AAAAAAAA L 6666

@W ! @2 ! @X ! 666666666666666666 ! @n gCi . h1 @W ! @2 ! @X ! 666666666666666666 ! @n gCi . h1 `u.ti @ cSa chu_i phn ng trn6`u.ti @ cSa chu_i phn ng trn6A Qhn "


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) ( ) ) ) ),) ( ) ) ) )D.1. Ph;) h %/0 )R )h3* 9 %&%' 4 %' h g* h7-:D.1. Ph;) h %/0 )R )h3* 9 %&%' 4 %' h g* h7-:

+ Thc hFp EUV hFp ch t t"ung gian V t"ong phn+ Thc hFp EUV hFp ch t t"ung gian V t"ong phnng Dnzym c% s@ t o thnh phc hFpng Dnzym c% s@ t o thnh phc hFp t3 th it3 th i@b sau b ( bu'stancD* AAAAA sn ph?3 P@b sau b ( bu'stancD* AAAAA sn ph?3 P( pro$uct* F DnEy3 gii phng t% $o6( pro$uct* F DnEy3 gii phng t% $o6@ ! b @b AAAAAAA p ! @@ ! b @b AAAAAAA p ! @

! Q-ng ./ng hot ha; . n-ng ./ng c n thiTt /a Fo! Q-ng ./ng hot ha; . n-ng ./ng c n thiTt /a Fo n#ng ph#n t) .n trng thi ]Tt hp hay hot ha6 n#ng ph#n t) .n trng thi ]Tt hp hay hot ha6= ! > K ! L= ! > K ! L BB=>=> B BKLKL

BB=>=> B B KLKL AAAAAAAA77 B + BB + B KLKL A B A B=>=> d ed e+ trn nguyn tfc phn ng c th t% "y ra /c+ trn nguyn tfc phn ng c th t% "y ra /cnh/ng th%c tT phn ng ch "y ra ]hi c& cht phnnh/ng th%c tT phn ng ch "y ra ]hi c& cht phnng trng thi hot ha ( ]9ch th9ch*ng trng thi hot ha ( ]9ch th9ch*


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Nng lng hoat hoa

K& chT "Gc tc chung cSa DnEy3

Zh Q l&T h 8 h (Z )5


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Zhc qua nQng l&Tng ho8t h a (Z )5

M4i phn ng < c phn ng pht nQng, E;ucn cung c*p @ nQng l&Tng E E&a cc phOntR p& lPn @ tr8ng thi


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h ( h h )H7H 23 h4 G !"5 (Bh\ P "3 Ei " hi )


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H7H 23ng h4c cGa en !"5 (Bh\ nPu "3t s Ei " cn thit )H7H 23ng h4c cGa en !"5 (Bh\ nPu "3t s Ei " cn thit )

Qghin cu FR t5c 4 phn ng cSa DnEy3 F yTu t5 nh h/ ng TnQghin cu FR t5c 4 phn ng cSa DnEy3 F yTu t5 nh h/ ng Tnt5c 4 , $%a Fo 3 hnh cSa `ichaD.is phI hp FNi rt nhiRut5c 4 , $%a Fo 3 hnh cSa `ichaD.is phI hp FNi rt nhiRuDnEy36DnEy36

k


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(]2 ! ]X *(]2 ! ]X * @b@b]W @ b + (]W ! ]X * @b ++ @ b + AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA]W @ b + (]W ! ]X * @b ++ @ b + AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

++ ]`]` @b@b ]W]W@ b@ b

@b + AAAAAAAAAAAAA ( *@b + AAAAAAAAAAAAA ( * ]`]`]` ; . hvng s5 ìchaD.is]` ; . hvng s5 ìchaD.is]Tt hp (W*, (2*, (X* F ( * ta c ;]Tt hp (W*, (2*, (X* F ( * ta c ; bb8 + 83a" AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA (l*8 + 83a" AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA (l* M` ! bM` ! b

w . ph/&ng trnh ìchaD.is `DntDnw . ph/&ng trnh ìchaD.is `DntDn


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Ia c 5 K LU J U"a# 9999999999999999999 ( )

M A K LU6K L J


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t. C+) 0k> *d $%h h u% Wk% h g* * %h ),- %/0 :t. C+) 0k> *d $%h h u% Wk% h g* * %h ),- %/0 :

6W6W Qhi1t 4 ; 3_i DnEy3 c 34t nhi1t 4 th9ch hp nht6W6W Qhi1t 4 ; 3_i DnEy3 c 34t nhi1t 4 th9ch hp nht( t( t ee opti3u3*, nhi1t 4 n y hot t9nh DnEy3 3nhopti3u3*, nhi1t 4 n y hot t9nh DnEy3 3nhnht6nht6=3y.aE 4ng Ft 0=3y.aE 4ng Ft 0 ee th9ch hp . X th9ch hp . X ee KK=3y.aE Fi sinh Ft 0=3y.aE Fi sinh Ft 0 ee th9ch hp . e th9ch hp . e ee KKK DnEy3 chUu /c WeeK DnEy3 chUu /c Weeee KK0 e AA le0 e AA le ee K hot t9nh DnEy3 t-ng $ n ; c t-ng WeK hot t9nh DnEy3 t-ng $ n ; c t-ng We ee KKhot t9nh t-ng gp 2 . nhot t9nh t-ng gp 2 . n6W626 p + 6W626 p + !! ; 3_i DnEy3 c p o opti3u3, opti3a.; 3_i DnEy3 c p o opti3u3, opti3a.

@nEy3 rt nhy c3 FNi s% thay Hi p 6 Qgoi p o hot@nEy3 rt nhy c3 FNi s% thay Hi p 6 Qgoi p o hott9nh gi3 rt nhanht9nh gi3 rt nhanh

; ?ht c ch/ @ A B Anhi itors; ?ht c ch/ @ A B Anhi itors


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; ?ht c ch/ @ A B Anhi.itors; ?ht c ch/ @ A B Anhi.itors

A K tc $:ng .3 gi3 i .%c DnEy3 5i FNi c& chtA K tc $:ng .3 gi3 i .%c DnEy3 5i FNi c& chtA Z3 3t ]h n-ng ]Tt hp gi^a DnEy3 FNi c& chtA Z3 3t ]h n-ng ]Tt hp gi^a DnEy3 FNi c& chtZc ch! c nh t"anhZc ch! c nh t"anh VVKu to ha hCc z b cho nn c th ]Tt hpKu to ha hCc z b cho nn c th ]Tt hp

FNi trung t#3 hot ha F tranh ch_ FNi b { | z b }FNi trung t#3 hot ha F tranh ch_ FNi b { | z b } @ ! b@ ! b @b AAAAAAAAAAA p ! @ @b AAAAAAAAAAA p ! @

!|!| nTu nOng 4 b t-ng th c th ?y chtnTu nOng 4 b t-ng th c th ?y chtc chT | ra ]hxi phc hp @|c chT | ra ]hxi phc hp @|

!b!b @ | AAAAAAAAAAAAAA k ]h ng "~y ra @ | AAAAAAAAAAAAAA k ]h ng "~y raPhn ng c chT ny ch c chT 34t ph n, ]h ng phi hon ton6Phn ng c chT ny ch c chT 34t ph n, ]h ng phi hon ton6

c chT cnh tranh n y c t9nh c hi1u cao, ch c chT eW DnEy3c chT cnh tranh n y c t9nh c hi1u cao, ch c chT eW DnEy3nht Unh6nht Unh6


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Zc ch!Zc ch! khngkhn g c nh t"anhc nh t"anh ; Ku to ha hCc ]hc b; Ku to ha hCc ]hc b]h ng nht thiTt gfn Fo 00 w, gfn Fo 't ] ch_]h ng nht thiTt gfn Fo 00 w, gfn Fo 't ] ch_no,no, ]h ng c t9nh c hi1u]h ng c t9nh c hi1u , 5i FNi, 5i FNi 't ] DnEy3 Ru't ] DnEy3 Ruc th c chT /cc th c chT /c 6 89 $: ;6 89 $: ;! Kht g#y 'iTn t9nh ('iTn th* protDin ; ion ]i3 .oi! Kht g#y 'iTn t9nh ('iTn th* protDin ; ion ]i3 .oinng, aci$ 0K=, QjX, 0nng, aci$ 0K=, QjX, 0 ee! `4t s5 cht g#y phn ng c hi1u FNi 34t s5! `4t s5 cht g#y phn ng c hi1u FNi 34t s5

nh3 ha hCc cu DnEy36nh3 ha hCc cu DnEy3689 $: ; KQ89 $: ; KQ 5i FNi \D5i FNi \D2!2! cyanua .3 gi3 \Dcyanua .3 gi3 \D 2!2! cSacSaDnEy3DnEy3 Kh#t c chT $U .p th ; (ph n tr/Nc* Kh#t c chT $U .p th ; (ph n tr/Nc*6W6 6 Kht hot ha ;6W6 6 Kht hot ha ;6 K.A . cht hot ha cSa a3y.aE6 K.A . cht hot ha cSa a3y.aE6 Kht hot ha LZ0 c t9nh c hi1u6 Kht hot ha LZ0 c t9nh c hi1u

zH7H I/nh EFc hi0u cGa en !" 5zH7H I/nh EFc hi0u cGa en !" 5


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zH7H I/nh EFc hi0u cGa en ! 5zH7H I/nh EFc hi0u cGa en ! 5

wc hi1u c& cht ; DnEy3 tc 4ng c hi1u .n W c& cht wc hi1u c& cht ; DnEy3 tc 4ng c hi1u .n W c& cht(c hi1u tuy1t 5i* hay 34t s5 cht c cu to ph#n t) g n(c hi1u tuy1t 5i* hay 34t s5 cht c cu to ph#n t) g ngi5ng nhau6gi5ng nhau6

AAraEraE ; r ! 2j; r ! 2j Kj2 ! Q X Kj2 ! Q XAAbacaraEbacaraE ; baccaraE ! 2j; baccaraE ! 2j \ructoE ! B.ucoE \ructoE ! B.ucoEAA=3y.aE=3y.aE ; 0inh '4t, g.ycogDn ! 2j; 0inh '4t, g.ycogDn ! 2j `a.toE !B.ucoE `a.toE !B.ucoE


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1 2Fc hi0u lp th 5 en !" ch\ tc dSng lPn "3t trong haid8ng E-ng phOn ho8t quangH Ih/ dS hu ht en !"chu! n h a acid a"in ch\ tc dSng lPn 9acid a"in "


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wc hi1u phn ng ; 34t c& cht 'iTn ha thDo nhiRu phn ng ]hc wc hi1u phn ng ; 34t c& cht iTn ha thDo nhiRu phn ng ]hcnhau, 3_i phn ng c DnEy3 c hi1u6 0h9 $: X phn ng cSa aci$nhau, 3_i phn ng c DnEy3 c hi1u6 0h9 $: X phn ng cSa aci$a3in ;a3in ;j"y ha nh o"y$aE ;j"y ha nh o"y$aE ;

K Kjj ! j2K Kjj ! j2 KjKjj ! Q X KjKjj ! Q XQ 2Q 2

Mh) car'o"y. nh $Dcar'o"y.aE ;Mh) car'o"y. nh $Dcar'o"y.aE ;

KK KjjKjj K Q 2 !K Q 2 ! Kj2Kj2 Q 2Q 2

Khuyn a3in nh transa3inaE ;Khuyn a3in nh transa3inaE ; WK KjjWK Kjj ! 2KjKjj! 2KjKjj WKjKjjWKjKjj ! 2K A Kjj! 2K A Kjj

Q 2Q 2 Q 2Q 2

. GIvI THIwU MxT Sy EN\]M :. GIvI THIwU MxT Sy EN\]M :S 1 BS 1 B


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S.1. B y ore uctaz S.1. B y ore uctaz

5.1.1. Dehydrogenaz (DH)5.1.1. Dehydrogenaz (DH) : xc tc cc phn ng: xc tc cc phn ngkh hydrokh hydro+ Enzy DH c! "oE #$ %&D+ hay %&D'+ (#$ cc+ Enzy DH c! "oE #$ %&D+ hay %&D'+ (#$ cc

n cot na d n c#eot d)n cot na d n c#eot d)"oE n*y g n #,ng #-o $o &poEnzy (/ 0 y ch2 kho 3t"oE n*y g n #,ng #-o $o &poEnzy (/ 0 y ch2 kho 3t

ph*n "oE) ph*n "oE)


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Joenzym ch a nicotinami v cU ch- nhQnhy ro ca ch'ng


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CR )hk %hl% h0B ),- NAz.


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11 C c Boj l la%in nucleotid 5 B 7 lo8i 5 9 MZC c Boj l la%in nucleotid 5 B 7 lo8i 5 9 MZl % l d


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la%in"ono nucleotidla%in"ono nucleotid 9 =C J =denin dinucleotid9 =C J =denin dinucleotid


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CR )hk %hl% h0B ),- {Az

L c Ko@nEy3 . aci$ .ipoic . DnEy3 L c Ko@nEy3 . aci$ .ipoic . DnEy3


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L c Ko@nEy3 . aci$ .ipoic . DnEy3 L c Ko@nEy3 . aci$ .ipoic . DnEy3Fn chuyn 2Fn chuyn 2

ac .ipoic nv3 phc hp pyrurat Lac .ipoic nv3 phc hp pyrurat L

Lng jkLng jk Lng ]h) Lng ]h)

S.1.2. A0 th7ng Jytocrom =S.1.2. A0 th7ng Jytocrom =


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S.1.2. A0 th7ng Jytocrom S.1.2. A0 th7ng Jytocrom

Khuyn Fn DA c Ko@ g n gi5ng @`, gfnKhuyn Fn DA c Ko@ g n gi5ng @`, gfncht FNi ph n =po@ gfn ph n trong cSacht FNi ph n =po@ gfn ph n trong cSath ty (chuyn Fn DA*6 K n .oi ', c, a,th ty (chuyn Fn DA*6 K n .oi ', c, a,aX 6 6 6aX 6 6 6

! 2DA! 2DA2 Kyt2 Kyt \DX\DX! 2 Kyt! 2 Kyt \D2!\D2! A 2DAA 2DA

Kyt A o"y$aE + cyt6aXKyt A o"y$aE + cyt6aXnhi13 F: chuyn DAnhi13 F: chuyn DAtNi o"ytNi o"y, 'iTn j2 nguyn t) thnh $ng |on, 'iTn j2 nguyn t) thnh $ng |on


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S.1.(. < t R7 o y ore uctaz /h"c = Jata$az, !ero y az 7 7 99999999999999999> 7 A 7

Batala

! = 27 7 999999999999999999> 7 7 A =

:ero#!daphn ng n! c c_ ch*t , Ei "


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5.2.1. Amino transferaz (Transaminaz ):5.2.1. Amino transferaz (Transaminaz ):

C CoE = pyridoxal phosphat ( !) "#nC CoE = pyridoxal phosphat ( !) "#n ch't 2o >poE n% chuyXnch't 2o >poE n% chuyXn

nh%m :]56 t^ >> !n P cDto aciC _ 6nh%m :]56 t^ >> !n P cDto aciC _ 6

`P:J5:J775`P:J5:J775 + `6 : J 7: J775 NN+ `6 : J 7: J775 NN `P : J7:J775`P : J7:J775 + `6:J5:J775+ `6:J5:J775 ]56]56 ]56]56

aciC amin P aciCaciC amin P aciC cDton6 aciCcDton6 aciC cDtonP aciC amin 6cDtonP aciC amin 6


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S.2.2. EhoR!ho tranRVeraz L>nzym 'c t"c chuyn nh mS.2.2. EhoR!ho tranRVeraz L>nzym 'c t"c chuyn nh mEhoR!hat N=EhoR!hat N=


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MinaEMinaE

. DnEy3 chuyn g5c. DnEy3 chuyn g5c

PP

t nh^ngt nh^ng

cht hû c& Pcht hû c& P

sang b (cht hû c& P th/ ng . ; =0P, B0P, K0P*sang b (cht hû c& P th/ ng . ; =0P, B0P, K0P* B.ucoE ! =0PAAA B.ucoE phosphat ! =LPB.ucoE ! =0PAAA B.ucoE phosphat ! =LP

B.ucoB.uco]inaE]inaEhay ; B.ucoE B.ucoE phosphathay ; B.ucoE B.ucoE phosphat

=0P=0P =LP=LP

Bh$ 5 ina


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Bh$ 5 inaBn phOn bi0t ina %i phosphor!la H U/ dS 5 Xl!cogen

phosphor!la gn : % c_ %o g c Xluco : zXl!cogen 9 X 999999999999999> Xl!cogen A X@:

Xl!cogen phosphor!la

C;%;>; Dl8cogyl transE raF : xGc tc ch8yn gc Dl8coF;C: Xluco gl!cogen trans glucog!la J Xl!cogen

s!ntheta

@nEy3 "Gc tc 2 phn ng ny


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XPjB.ycogDn A B AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA B.ycogDn ! P

B.ucoE B.ucoE phosphatB.ucoE B.ucoE phosphat

=0P=0P =LP=LP

.D. H0B 4-/ :.D. H0B 4-/ :S.(.1. >Rteraz =S.(.1. >Rteraz =


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((

A Phospho DstDraE (cft .in ]Tt DstD phosphat* 0L ;A Phospho DstDraE (cft .in ]Tt DstD phosphat* 0L ;phosphataEphosphataE

! 2j! 2jB.ucoE phosphat AA B.ucoE ! XPjB.ucoE phosphat AA B.ucoE ! XPj

B.uco phosphataE (phospho DstDraEB.uco phosphataE (phospho DstDraE**

A ZipaE ; cft .in ]t DstD thu ph#n giâ aci$ hû c& A ZipaE ; cft .in ]t DstD thu ph#n giâ aci$ hû c& g.ycDro.g.ycDro.


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[$ $6$ =lucoziCaz (cOt li)n k!t =lucoziC*V[$ $6$ =lucoziCaz (cOt li)n k!t =lucoziC*V& CS V >mylaz, minopDptiCaz>minopDptiCaz Ja"bo.ypDptiCaz Ja"bo.ypDptiCaz56 aa : aa : aa ::::::::: $ $ $ aa : aa J577556 aa : aa : aa ::::::::: $ $ $ aa : aa J5775

>p"otDaz N p"otDinaz (8"ypsin,>p"otDaz N p"otDinaz (8"ypsin,pDpsin $ $ $*pDpsin $ $ $*

.t. s0-/ : B z )- F (04-/ hL% 40 hV%' h$< *h,0.t. s0-/ : B z )- F (04-/ hL% 40 hV%' h$< *h,0hL%JhL%J


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AKAK KjjKjj AAAAA AK ! AAAAA AK ! Kj2Kj2Q 2Q 2 Q 2 Q 2

A \ructoE W , Lisphosphat a.$o.aE ;A \ructoE W , Lisphosphat a.$o.aE ;

\ructoE W , Lisphosphat AAAAAAAAAAAAA 2 0rio\ructoE W , Lisphosphat AAAAAAAAAAAAA 2 0rio \ructoE W, A Liphosphat a.$o.aE\ructoE W, A Liphosphat a.$o.aE

. . I -/ : ( ) *+) )h )+) h$% ;%' W|%'. . I -/ : ( ) *+) )h )+) h$% ;%' W|%'hL% h7-hL% h7-


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89 $: ; LPB89 $: ; LPBA ri$in LiphosphoA ri$in Liphospho B.ucoEB.ucoE d AAAAA LPd AAAAA LPBa.actoEBa.actoE


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AA=3inoacy. =Qt synth=3inoacy. =Qt synth DtDtaEaE

=Qt ! aa aa A =Qt=Qt ! aa aa A =Qt =3inoacy.=Qt=3inoacy.=Qt

=0P=0P

=`P ! PP=`P ! PP

AAB.uta3in synthaEB.uta3in synthaEB.uta3ic ! Q X AAAA B.uta3in ! 2jB.uta3ic ! Q X AAAA B.uta3in ! 2j

C E%/0 A


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89 $: ;89 $: ;=cy Ko= synthDtaE=cy. Ko= synthDtaE


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cy. Ko synthDtaEcy. Ko synthDtaE Kjj ! =0P ! bKo=Kjj ! =0P ! bKo= KjbKo= ! =`P !PPFKjbKo= ! =`P !PPF

=cy.AKo= =cy.AKo=

KhG ; c n ph#n 'i1t giâ DnEy3 tHng hpKhG ; c n ph#n 'i1t giâ DnEy3 tHng hp synthDtaE FsynthDtaE FsynthaE ;synthaE ;A @nEy3A @nEy3synthDtaEsynthDtaE ; "Gc tc phn ng tHng hp; "Gc tc phn ng tHng hp c s% tha3c s% tha3gia cSa =0Pgia cSa =0PA @nEy3A @nEy3synthaE ;synthaE ; "Gc tc phn ng tHng hp"Gc tc phn ng tHng hp ]h ng]h ng c s%c s%tha3 gia cSa =0Ptha3 gia cSa =0P

C. HO^MON NxI TI~T Ty ENzO CÎMEJC. HO^MON NxI TI~T Ty ENzO CÎMEJ1. I CNG :1. I CNG :


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A or3on . cht "Gc tc sinh hCc $o tTA or3on . cht "Gc tc sinh hCc $o tT'o c 'i1t sn "ut FNi W ./ng nhx'o c 'i1t sn "ut FNi W ./ng nhxth3 thng Fo 3u tNi 3 9ch ]9chth3 thng Fo 3u tNi 3 9ch ]9chth9ch hay hot ha, nh^ng hot 4ngth9ch hay hot ha, nh^ng hot 4ngsinh ., ha sinh c hi1u6sinh ., ha sinh c hi1u6

A 0T ' 'i1 h h h T 4i iT A 0T ' 'i1 h h h T 4i iT


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A 0T 'o c 'i1t s tp hp thnh tuyTn n4i tiTt, cA 0T 'o c 'i1t s tp hp thnh tuyTn n4i tiTt, cth nv3 r~i rc6 89 $: ; or3on tiu ha nv3 r~i rcth nv3 r~i rc6 89 $: ; or3on tiu ha nv3 r~i rcthDo 5ng tiu hathDo 5ng tiu ha

A ` 9ch gO3 nh^ng tT 'o tiTp nhn hor3on t/&ngA ` 9ch gO3 nh^ng tT 'o tiTp nhn hor3on t/&ngng nh th nhn c hi1u (rDcDptor*ng nh th nhn c hi1u (rDcDptor*

A or3on ]i3 sot F iRu hVa cc qu trnh chuynA or3on ]i3 sot F iRu hVa cc qu trnh chuynha F cc chc n-ng ]hc6ha F cc chc n-ng ]hc6

2. N CHT HA HC @ TC zNG CHNH C[A MxT Sy2. N CHT HA HC @ TC zNG CHNH C[A MxT SyHO^MON :HO^MON :

2.1. H % A 3* * -)


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2.1. H % A % : H % B% ( 3 ) B %J. . % % : % % ( 3 ) %J

K: th . 0yrosin6 K 2 .oi ;K: th . 0yrosin6 K 2 .oi ;

4 Hor on g p tr ng : g6 78 : 7r odothyron n 9 7 :4 Hor on g p tr ng : g6 78 : 7r odothyron n 9 7 :7;tra y th?@ng thAn g6 B chCt : &drena# n 9 9%oradrena# n c! tc d ng%oradrena# n c! tc d ng 0-ng = F 0-ng0-ng = F 0-ngB.ucoE huyTtB.ucoE huyTt

2.2. H % * 3* *2.2. H % * 3* *Ch 4 * 4Ch 4 * 4


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Ch 4 4Ch 4 4A Korticoi$ ( 2W K* ;A Korticoi$ ( 2W K* ;

Fx th/ng thn c 2 .oi ; Fx th/ng thn c 2 .oi ;6 B.yco corticoi$D c tc $:ng chuyn ha g.uci$6 B.yco corticoi$D c tc $:ng chuyn ha g.uci$6 `inDra.o corticoi$D c tc $:ng chuyn ha 3u5i6 `inDra.o corticoi$D c tc $:ng chuyn ha 3u5i

n/Ncn/NcA =n$rogDn (Wm K* ;A =n$rogDn (Wm K* ;K '4 phn sinh $:c na3 . ch9nh, 34t ph n FK '4 phn sinh $:c na3 . ch9nh, 34t ph n Fth/ng thnth/ng thn

6 0DstostDron ; tiu 'iu nht66 0DstostDron ; tiu 'iu nht6A @strogDn (W K* ;A @strogDn (W K* ;

6 progDstDron ; hor3on sinh $:c n^ 6 progDstDron ; hor3on sinh $:c n^ 6 \o..icu.in6 \o..icu.in

2.D. H % *


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: 8uy!n tSy V: 8uy!n tSy V* T+y n,i ti t ti t ra :* T+y n,i ti t ti t ra :6 0T 'o6 0T 'o ; tiTt ra insu.in( e* .3; tiTt ra insu.in( e* .3 gi3gi3 / ng huyTt/ ng huyTt6 0T 'o6 0T 'o ; tiTt ra g.ucagon(2l*.3; tiTt ra g.ucagon(2l*.3 t-ngt-ng / ng/ nghuyTthuyTt: 8uy!n gi#p V: 8uy!n gi#p V6 Ka.citonin (X2 aci$ a3in* ; .3 gi3 ca.ci trong 3u6 Ka.citonin (X2 aci$ a3in* ; .3 gi3 ca.ci trong 3u: J n gi#p V: J n gi#p V6 or3on cn gip c Fai trV chuyn ha ca.ci6 or3on cn gip c Fai trV chuyn ha ca.ci

T>0k% 0r% :W @6n trXc =


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A I (hor"on tQng tr& ng) gi$p cho sW tr& ng thnh % tQng

E&'ng hu!t A =BI 5 ch\ hu! % th&Tng thn, tit ra cc lo8i hor"on steroid

A ( uteini ing hor"on) 5


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" P 4-)*0k% -6 %'


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8i liu tham kho8i liu tham kho: Wi ging 5o# Uinh cBa 8"Idng e5f? 8T$ 5J


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7rong t n trFnh c>a 1 phn ng h!a hGc n tr n & $ I 0?@cch yJn th$nh " $ D. 'hc h@p ch yJn t p 0?@c K J thL K/ &IM$ nNng # @ng ho t h!a c*n 0J 0 t 0?@c tr ng th n$y K/ Ea.O?Png 0, K J thL t n trFnh c>a phn ng trong 3Q c! Rt c>a 1enzy e. "*n ch S9 nNng # @ng ho t h!a trong phn ng c!enzy e xc tc thCp hTn rCt nh U . (7heo 're3cott9 Har#ey $V#e n9 BWW5)

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Bài 3.Xúc Tác Sinh Học