Bai Giang Tu Dong Hoa Trong He Thong Dien 21-11-2011

5/24/2018 Bai Giang Tu Dong Hoa Trong He Thong Dien 21-11-2011

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T NG HA

TRONG H THNG INB mn H hng in

11/21/2011 Ging vin: Nguyn Xun Tng & Nguyn Th Anh

i hc Bch Khoa H Ni

[email protected]


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T ng ha h thng in GS. Trn nh Long

2

Gio trnh

Automation in ElectricalPower Sstems A. Baram


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Automatic Power SstemControl V.A. Venikov

3

Gio trnh

Power Sstem Stabilit andControl P. Kundur


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Operation and Control inPower Sstems P. S. R Murt

4

Gio trnh

Control and automation ofelectric power distributionsstems J. Northcote


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Kha hc online ti trang web ca NPTEL

Trang ch:http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/

Trang vPower Systems Operation and Control:http://14.139.160.11/video.php?courseId=1023

hoc trn Youtube:

5

Gio trnh

p: www.you u e.com user np e r


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Chng m u: Gii thiu chung v t ng ha trong HT vcc vn lin quan

Chng 1: T ng ng li cc ngun in

Chng 2: T ng chuyn i ngun in

6

cng mn hc

Chng 4: T ng sa thi ph ti theo tn s

Chng 5: T ng iu chnh in p & cng sut phn khngtrong HT

Chng 6: T ng iu chnh tn s & cng sut tc dng trongHT

Chng 7: T ng ha li in phn phi v t ng ha trm

bin p


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Gii thiu chung

Chng m u

7

S cn thit ca vic t ng ha trongHT

Cc qui tc v bn v dng trong t ngha

Cc k hiu thng dng


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Cc loi s c trong HT:Din bin nhanh, d lan rng

Khng loi tr nhanh: gy tc hi nghim trng

Do thi gian rt ngn nn bt buc phi c cc thit b t ng pht hinv x l cc trng hp ny

Nhiu thao tc t ng d gy nhm ln: my t ng s lm

8

S cn thit ca vic t ng ha

tt hn con ngi, loi tr c cc sai st, tng chnh xc. My t ng cho php theo di lin tc v kp thi iu chnh


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Cc loi s :S khi:

Th hin chc nng ca cc phn t Mi lin h gia cc phn t ny

Trnh t hot ng ca c cu c thit k

9

Cc qui tc dng trong bn v


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Cc loi s :S khai trin

Khng v y cc phn t m th hin chi tit mi lin h, trnh tvn hnh gia chng

S khai trin mt chiu (dc); S khai trin xoay chiu (ac); S mch tn hiu, chiu sng...

10


Thch hp cho mc ch sa cha, u ni dy gia cc phn t


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S tng hp: th hin y cc phn t ca s Th hin c trnh t lm vic ca cc phn t

S phc tp, kh theo di

Vi cc c cu n gin c th dng loi s ny Vi cc c cu phc tp: dng thm cc s khai trin

11



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S biu din c v trng thi khng in:My ct trng thi m

Cun dy rle khng mang inC ghi ch vi cc trng hp c bit

12



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Mt s k hiu thng gpTip im my ct

Tip im trng thi m:

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K hiu dng trong bn v

Tip im trng thi ng


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Mt s k hiu thng gpTip im rle:

Tip im trng thi thng m

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Tip im trng thi m, m chm

Tip im trng thi m, ng chm


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Mt s k hiu thng gpTip im rle:

Tip im trng thi thng ng

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Tip im trng thi ng, m chm

Tip im trng thi ng, ng chm


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Mt s k hiu thng gp

Cun dy:

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C Cc U I

Cun ngmy ct

Cun ctmy ct

Cunin p

Cun dngin

Rle dng in: RI Rle in p RU

Rle thi gian: RT

Rle trung gian: RG Rle trung gian hot ng c tr: RGT...

Cc phn t trn s c nh s th t d phn bit: 1BU; 2BU; 3RI; 4RI; 5RT; 6RG; 7RGT...

Tip im ca rle c nh ch s

1RT1; 1RT2 hoc 1RT1; 1RT2 hoc 1RT1; 1RT2... 4RG

1

2

3


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17

V d

Tn hiu

S bo v qu dng vi bin dng in t trn hai pha(p dng cho li in c trung tnh cch in)


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18

V d

Trnht

c

Mch khai trin in xoay chiu

Mch tnhiu

Mch khai trin in mt chiu

s

1: T ng ng li cc ngn in


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T ng ng li cc ngun in

Chng 01

19

1: T ng ng li cc ngn in


Chng 3: T ng ha ng b cc ngun in


Chng 5: T ng iu chnh in p & cng sut phn khng trong HT

Chng 6: T ng iu chnh tn s & cng sut tc dng trong HT

Auto Reclose (AR) hoc 79

T ng li (TL)

79


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S liu thng k i vi ng dy trn khng:8090%h hng: s c thong qua

Ngng 80% Li 6110kV

Ngng 90% Li t 220kV tr ln

1020% cn li: s c duy trv bn duy tr

Do vy:

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L do s dng thit b TL

Trong a s cc trng hp: c th cho php ng li ng dy sau sc v xc sut thnh cng s ln

S dng thit b TL: lm nhim v t ng ng tr limy ct ngdy sau mt khong thi gian c ci t trc Nhanh chng khi phc li vic cung cp in Nng cao c tnh n nh ca h thng so vi khi khng c TL (ng dy b ct in

ko di, gim kh nng lin kt truyn ti gia cc khu vc)


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S c thong qua:Nguyn nhn gy nn s c c th t loi tr

Phng in tm thi b mt s do st nh

Cy ci chm vo ng dy do gi to...

S c bn duy tr:

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L do s dng thit b TL

Nguyn nhn gy s c c th b loi tr sau khih quang chy vi ln

Vt l ri vo ng dy c th b h quang t chysau khi ng ct li ng dy vi ln

S c duy trNguyn nhn gy ra s c khng th t loi tr

t dy, nt v s, qun tip a ng dy...


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Theo s ln t ng li:TL mt ln: thng p dng cho li in t 220kV tr ln

TL hai ln: p dng cho cp in p t 110kV tr xung

ng li nhiu ln nh hng xu n tnh n nh ca h thng

Xc sut thnh cng thp (


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Theo s pha thc hin TLTL 3 pha:dng cho cp in p t 220kV tr xung

TL 1 pha:dng cho cp in p 500kV Khi s c pha no: ct v TL ring pha H thng rle phi c chc nng la chn pha s c

My ct: c b truyn ng ring tng pha

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Phn loi thit b TL

TL 1 pha dng cho li 500kV: ch yu l s c mtpha

Cc thit b l loi mt pha: bin p mt pha

Khong cch phapha lnKhi ct pha s c th hai pha cn li vn hot ng:

gi c lin kt gia cc phn ca h thng mbo tnh n nh (yu t quan trng)

TL mt pha khng thnh cng: ct c 3 pha


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Theo thi gian thc hin t ng li:TL nhanh (Rapid AR): thi gian TL rt ngn (0.351 giy) thng ch

m bo thi gian kh ion

m bo nhanh chng cung cp in tr li Gim thiu mc mt ng b khi cn ng li gia hai ngun in

Gim nh s mt n nh.

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Phn loi thit b TL

TL c t i gian De ae AR: t i gian TL c o i m onguyn nhn gy s c c th c loi tr hon ton. Khi cc phn caHT c lin kt bi nhiu ng dy th c th p dng TL c tr.

Thc t: m bo xc sut thnh cng: Ln 1: tTL= 0.32 giy

Ln 2: tTL= 1015 giy

Ln 3: tTL= 15 pht


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Theo cp in p thc hin t ng li:TL cp trung p: mc tiu ca TL l gim thiu thi gian mt in

TL cp cao p: mc tiu chnh l m bo tnh n nh ca h thng.

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Phn loi thit b TL


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Thit b TL phi m bo ng s ln tc ng:Trnh trng hp ng vo im s c nhiu ln c th gy h hng

my ct v nh hng xu n h thng

TL phi m bo lun khi ng ng vi mi trng hp sc: m bo tin cy ca thit b TL

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Cc yu cu i vi thit b TL

Khng tc ng ng li i vi my bin p, my pht, thanh gp trnh vic s c lan rng Bo v chnh ca my bin p (BV so lch, rle hi..) hot ng: chc chn s

c trong MBA Khng nn thc hin TL. Trong trng hp ny thng c

nhn vin vn hnh ra khu vc MBA kim tra bng mt v i lnh ca iu cp trn

Khi ct my ct bng tay: c ch tch ng dy ra khi vn hnh(bo dng, thay th..) khng c TL


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Thit b TL phi c kha trong mt s trng hp:Khi ng my ct bng tay nu MC li ct ra ngay: cn s c trn

ng dy cha c pht hin (vd: qun cha tho tip a ng

dy..) Khng nn t ng li. Khi ph ti b ct ra do vic sa thi ph ti theo tn s

Khi bo v chng hin tng my ct t chi tc ng lm vic

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Trong mt s trng hp thit b TL c th b kha khi dng s cqu cao (s c gn). Vic pht hin s c gn c th thc hin bngcch t thm chc nng bo v qu dng mc cao.


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Thit b TL phi c kha trong mt s trng hp:Khi xy ra dao ng in: nu my ct b ct ra do hin tng dao

ng in th nn kha TL n khi no h thng tr v trng thi n

nh.Vi li phn phi: khng nn TL nu trn ng dy vn cn in

in p trn ng dy vn cn duy tr mt khong thi gian ngn do cc

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Nu TL ngay khi in p ny cha gim hn: c th xy ra vic ng khngng b gy nguy him cho ng c

Vi ng dy cao p v siu cao p: kha TL khi s c 3 pha Him khi khi xy ra s c 3 pha

Nu xy ra s c 3 pha: thng khng phi s c thong qua (qun tip a ding ground straps)

Nn kha Tl trong trng hp ny


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Mc ch: ch cho php TL khi ng khi c yu cu

S khi ng thay i ty theo hng sn xut, tuy nhin phng phpchung l da vo (theo khuyn co ca tiu chun IEEE Std C37.104):

Khi ng bng thit b bo v rle Khi ng bng tip im ph ca my ct

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Cc phng php khi ng thit b TL


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Khi ng bng hi b bo le Khi c s c trn ng dy, thit bbo v rle hot ng s:

a tn hiu ng MC

Khi ng thit b TL

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Ngun

BV

CtKhi ng

TL

S n gin, m bo TL khi ng vi mi trng hp ng dy b ct rado s c

Khi ct MC bng tay: TL khng khi ng (ng)

Khi ng MC bng tay, nu c s c trn ng dy, MC ct ngay ra: TL s hotng Vi cc thit b TL hin i Cm TL khi ng my ct bng tay:

Khi c tn hiu ng MC bng tay (tip im ph) >> a tn hiu vo rle kha tm thi chc

nng TL >> chc nng TL s c gii tr sau khi MC trng thi ng trong khong thi

gian di no .

C h h khi hi b


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Khi ng bng ip im ph m c & kha i khin TL li s c khi ng bt c khi no c gia ng hi hc ca MC

(th hin qua tip im ph 52b) v ng hi ca kha i khinmy ct

Tip im 52b: s ng khi MC trng thi m

Tip im ca kha iu khin (slip contact) s m ra khi MC c m bng tay v ng li khiMC c ng bng tay

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My ct

-+

c im Khi ng dy gp s c MC ct ra: tip im ph MC ng + Tip im kha K

ang ng >> Khi ng TL

Khi ng/ct MC bng tay: tip im ph MC v tip im ph kha K cng v tr>> khng khi ng (ng)

52b

Rle

TL

C h h khi hi b TL


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Kha iu khin

T iu khin ngn l

My ct ngoi trm

C i l thi i t t h TL


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Cc i lng thi gian trong qu trnh TL

Tip im chnh ri nhauDng in chy qua tip imdp hquang

1

Tip im dp hquang tch riHquang xut hin

2

Hquang bdp tt

3

Tip im vtr mhon ton

4

Qu trnh ct my ct (my ct GL314 Areva)

C i l thi i t t h TL


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Bov

Scxuthin

Thi gian lmvic ca bo v

Bo vtcng

Bo vtrv

My ct

Hquangtn ti

c cp

in

tch ri

Hquangxut hin

bdp tt

mhon

ton

ng

c cpin

chmnhau

Tip imng hon

tonThi gian cht (khng in)

Thit bTLTL ckhi ng

TL gixung ng

di xung ngThi gian cht ca TL

Thi gian sn sng (gii tr)

Sn sng cho ln

sctip theo



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Thi gian lm vic ca bo v:t khi bo v khi ng >> pht tn hiu ctMC.

Thi gian ct MC:cun ct mang in >> h quang dp tt

Thi gian tn ti h quang trong MC:cc u tip xc chnh ca MC ri nhau

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(h quang pht sinh) >> h quang b dp t t.

di xung ng ca TL:l khong thi gian tip im u ra ca thit bTL cn gi trng thi ng

Thi gian ng ca MC:cun ng MC mang in >> tip im chnh MCchm nhau



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Thi gian kh ion:l thi gian cn thit khng kh xung quanh im s ckhi phc li mc cch in cn thit (cc ion tn mt) m bo hquang khng pht sinh tr li khi cp in cho ng dy. Cc yu t quytnh:

Cp in p > cun ng mang in

Thi gian sn sng:thit b TL gi tn hiu ng >> sn sng cho ln s c

tip theo Thi gian cht (thi gian khng in):h quang b dp tt >> tip im chnh

MC tip xc tr li

Thi gian nhiu lon:s c pht sinh >> MC ng li thnh cng


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Tnh on ci hng

Tnh ton ci t thng s


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ng d m ngn cp (TL 3 pha): TL ln h nh: TLchn heo 2 i kin iu kin kh ion:

Theo iu kin sn sng cho ln lm vic k tip ca b truyn ng MC (cng l xo,phc hi p sut kh...):

Chn theo gi tr ln nht tnh c t hai iu kin trn

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Tnh ton ci t thng s

(1)( ) (1)TDL at khu ion d MC t K t t =

(2)(2)TDL at san sangt K t=

1 (1) (2)ax

lant m t t =

m bo s thnh cng ca TL th thi gian TL ln th nht c th c c kodi 25 giy (35kV)

TL ln h hai: chn heo gi ln nh ca

Ty theo kh nng dp h quang ca MC nu gp s c trong ln ng ny Theo iu kin kh kh ion

tTL> tkhi phc kh nng ct

tTL> tkh ion tng MC

Tnh ton ci t thng s


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ng d hai ngn cp (TL 3 pha):

Thi gian lm vic ca cc bo v:t


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ng d hai ngn cp (TL 3 pha):

40

Tnh ton ci t thng s

HT1 HT2

TL2TL1

BV1 BV2

U2>

MC1 MC2

U145%) H thng b chia tch

Trnh tn stn ti lu ngng thp

1 05( )

.I

P P= TCT max 0 4 0 5( ) ( )( . . )II IP P TCT TCT

Thi gian t ging nhau

1 2 3

( ) ( ) ( )...

I I It t t= =

Thi gian t khc nhau

1 2 3

( ) ( ) ( )...

II II IIt t t

46.5Hz 48.5Hz

(bc 0.1Hz )

0.1 0.15 giy

48.5Hz

5 40 giy (max 90 giy)

cch nhau 3 5 giy

1 2 3

( ) ( ) ( )...

I I If f f

1 2 3

( ) ( ) ( )

...

II II II

f f f= =

c im:Khi tnh ton lng mt cn bng cng sut ln nht khng tnh d phng

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Nguyn l thc hin sa thi ph ti theo tn s


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Khi tnh ton lng mt cn bng cng sut ln nht khng tnh d phngquay ca h thng (tng thm mc an ton trong tnh ton lng cngsut cn ct).

H s 1.05: tnh n cc bin ng ngu nhin khi s c (5%) Lng cng sut cn sa thi ca mi nhm: thng c chia u cho cc

t sa thi. Ti uan tr n hn s sa thi sau cn v n l i u tin.

cc li in hoc h thng in khu vc c kh nng xy ra thiu ht

cng sut ln v suy gim tn s trm trng (


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y g ,

Ct ng dy hay my bin p ln

Thay i chiu lung cng sut qua ng dy, my bin p

Da theo tc bin thin tn sDa theo s sp gim in p

Gii php sa thi b sung khc: tch mt vi t my lm nhim v cp in

cho h thng t dng ca ton nh my v tch nh my ch cp cho mt slng ph ti vi cng sut thit k.

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Nguyn l thc hin sa thi ph ti theo tn s

S H


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50.0

t 2Nhm I

48.548.448.348.2

2

S cHz

t (giy)

t 1Nhm I

Nhm II khing t 1Nhm II t 2Nhm II

Rle cc nhm sa thi tr v

1

Din bin tn skhi c sa thi phti

Rle tc ng theo lch tuyt i tn s :

Rle tc ng bt c khi no tn s thp hn gi tr chnh nh

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Cc phng tin sa thi ph ti

f


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Ci t chnh nh d dng

Khng tnh n tc suy gim ca tn s

Rle tc ng theo tc bin thin tn s hoc tc bin thintrung bnh :

dfdtf

Tc bin thin tn s phn nh mc mt cn bng cng sut

Rle c kh nng phn ng nhanh hn vi s c

Thc t: s dng kt hp c hai chc nng ( & )fdf

dt

(Tc ng theo tc bin thin trung bnh gim khnng tc ng nhm khi c dao ng tn s ngn hn)

Suy gim tn s ngn hn

Khi thanh gp b ct in, tc cc ng c gim dn v cc ng c ny c

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Cc trng hp gy tc ng nhm rle tn s


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g p , g g g ykh nng duy tr in p trn thanh gp mt thi gian na (tn s in pny gim theo tc ng c): rle c th tc ng nhm kha thit b t

ng li Ph ti s khng c cp in khi thanh gp c in tr li. Gii php: cc ph ti ny s c ni ti rle tn s nhm II, c thi gian lm vic tr

S d n cc rle cn sut ho c dn i n c c tiu ht hi n s c mt i nkha tm thi thit b sa thi ph ti

Vi cc h thng in nh: s c ba pha c th gy tn tht cng sut tcdng rt ln v lm cho tn s c th b suy gim

S dng cc thit b bo v rle c thi gian tc ng nhanh, loi tr s c trc khitn s b sp gim n ngng khi ng ca rle sa thi.

Do cc b iu tc c thi gian phn ng chm: S dng cc rle tn s nhm II

S dng rle dng in cc tiu ngn nga s tc ng nhm ca rle tn skhi ph ti l cc ng c ln:

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Cc trng hp gy tc ng nhm rle tn s


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S dng kt hp rle in p thp & rle dng cc tiu

113

Cc phng tin sa thi ph ti


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Rle tn s c th tc ng nhm do nhiu l do Do h thng tng li c coi l bt buc i vi vic sa thi ph ti

114

T ng tr li cc ph ti sau sa thi


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Thit b t ng li nn ni ti:

Cc rle tn s thuc nhm sa thi sau cng (l cc ti quan trng hn)

Ni ti cc nhm sa thi u tin (nhm I): y l nhm sa thi d b tc ngnhm.

.

Thi gian tr: 10

20 giy trnh vic ng li nhiu ln trong trng hp h thng khng th

hi phc: ch tc ng mt ln

Cc ph ti nn c ng li dn theo nhm nh (nh hn bc sathi): trnh hin tng khi ng ng thi v nu c st gim tn snh th cc b iu tc mi kh nng iu chnh.

115

V d


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Din bin tn s khi c sa thi v t ng li (h thng 60Hz).

h

116



Chng 3: T ng ha ng b cc ngun in


5: T ng i chnh in p & cng phn khng ong HT

Chng 6: T ng iu chnh tn s & cng sut tc dng trong HT


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iu chnh in p & Cng sut

Chng 05

phn khng

in p l mt ch tiu nh gi cht lng in nng Thng thng in p ti u cc ph ti khng nn vt qu

117

Gii thiu chung

5%


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gi tr nh mc.

in p gim thp:

Gim nng sut cc dy chuyn, gim mc chiu sng

Tng h s trt trong cc ng c, tng s tiu th cng sut phn khng

in p gim thp ti cc nt trong h thng in: gim kh nng ti ca

ng dy, nh hng ti tnh n nh ca cc my pht. in p trong h thng in thng c iu chnh duy tr ti mt

s im nt (v d: thanh gp 220kV Ha Bnh)

Vic iu chnh in p & cng sut phn khng mang tnh cc b aphng (khc vi vic iu tn).

gim thiu vic truyn ti CSPK trn li in: c gng duy tr cnbng CSPK cho tng cp truyn ti

118

Cc phng tin iu chnh U & Q trong HT


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119


Cc b t b


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in trx

120


Cc b t b


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Khn n i ti

Tb

o Hn chdng in khi ng bto Hn chsng hi chy vo bt

(Detuned Reactor)o Hn chcng hng

121


Cc khng b ngang


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122


Cc khng b ngang


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123


Phn bit vi khng ca b PLC (ti ba Power line communicationor power line carrier )


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Khng b ngang

Khng tiba (1 hoc

2 pha)

124


Cc b t b dc


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Trm 500kV Ha Bnh

125


Phn pha ng dy


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Phn pha ng dy

Cc yu t nh hng n in p trong h thng in:in p u cc cc my phtT t d t ti

126



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Tng tr ca cc ng dy truyn ti

Lng cng sut truyn ti qua li

T s my bin p

127

Cc mch vng iu khin c bn ca MF

Thi gian p ng camch kch t ngn hn rt


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nhiu so vi mch iukhin tua bin, do hai

phn iu khin c th coil hai mch vng c lp.

LFC Controller: Thit b iu tnFrequency Sensor: cm bin o tn sAVR: b t ng iu chnh in p my pht

Excitation system: Phn kch t ca my pht

Turbine: Tua bin; Shaft: trc niSteam: hi vo tua binValve control mechanism: C cu iu chnh m

van nng lng vo tua bin

128

iu chnh kch t v in p my pht in

S chi tit ca mch vng iu khin kch t

Stepup transformer: bin p tng p u cc MFStepdown Transformer: bin p gim p cp cho h


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thng t dng v kch tExciter: cun kch t

Auxilliary services: H thng t dngAVR: b iu khin kch t (iu chnh in p)

H thng kch t c th chia ra 3 loi:

H thng kch t mt chiu (DC)

H thng kch t xoay chiu (AC) Khng vnh trt

129

Cc loi h thng kch t


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H thng kch t xoay chiu (AC) Khng vnh trt.

H thng kch t dng chnh lu trc tip

1. H thng kch t mt chiu (DC):

130

Cc loi h thng kch t


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H thng kch t mt chiu: hin ti vn cn tn ti, thng dng cho cc my phtc cng sut


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Cng sut ca ngun cp cho kch t my pht ph v thit b chnh lu c iu khinrt nh (h thng hai my pht mt chiu c th cung cp kh nng khuych i cngsut ti t s 600/1)

Nhc im:

Thi gian p ng chm

Do vn dng chi thanvnh gp nn thng xuyn phi thay th.

Vn s dng h thng vnh trt a cng sut kch t vo my pht chnh.

H thng ny ang dn dn b thay th bi cc h thng kch t th h sau

Vnh gp

132

Cc loi h thng kch t

Vnh trt (slip ring)


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2. H thng kch t xoay chiu (AC) Khng vnh trt:

133

Cc loi h thng kch t


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Cc diot chnh lu c gn ln roto ca my pht kch t xoay chiu

Cun kch t cho my pht kch t xoay chiu nm trn stato (khng quay)

in p sau chnh lu ni trc tip ti cun kch t my pht chnh (nm cng trc). Cng sut ca ngun iu khin kch t khong 1/20 (30) cng sut cun kch t my

pht chnh (do ch c mt tng khuych i)

2. H thng kch t xoay chiu (AC) Khng vnh trt:

134

Cc loi h thng kch t


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Khng cn h thng vnh trt, vnh gp

Thi gian p ng ca qu trnh iu chnh nhanh hn

Cng sut ca h thng ngun kch t nh (1/20 (30)) H thng vn c s dng trong cng nghip v khng yu cu mt ngun kch t

ring bit qu ln

3. H thng kch t dng chnh lu trc tip:

135

Cc loi h thng kch t


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Ngun cp cho h thng kch t c th ly t u cc my pht hoc t h thng tdng

Cn c bin kch t bin i in p cho ph hp

Mt gii php khc: ly cng sut cp cho kch t t h thng bin dng in v binin p Vi gii php ny: in p cp cho kch t t b nh hng bi ngn mchgn hoc st gim in p u cc.

3. H thng kch t dng chnh lu trc tip:

136

Cc loi h thng kch t


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gim tn tht trong b h thng kch t: dng hai b chnh lu c iu khin

Mt b dng trong ch bnh thng (ch xc lp)

Mt b dng trong ch cn cung cp kch t cng bc (cng hnh kch thch) Thi gian p ng iu khin nhanh.

Trong ch dit t: b chnh lu c th iu khin tr thnh b nghch lu tiu thnng lng th trong cun roto.

S khi ca thit b t ng iu chnh in p my pht

137

Thit b t ng iu chnh in p MF (AVR)


137/253

Load compensation: B phn b ti

Limiter: B gii hn dng kch tComparator: B so snhAmplifier: B khuych iFeedback: Tn hiu phn hiPSS: b n nh cng sut

Measuring element (transducer): Phn t o lng

Generator: my pht chnhStepup transformer: Bin p tng p u ccNetwork: pha h thng

S khi chi tit khc138



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Follow up Unit: m bo s chuyn i mm gia ch t ng/chnh tay

Vi cc h thng kch t kp (hai nhnh kch t ring): mt nhnh c iu chnhch ng, nhnh cn li iu chnh ph thuc theo (follow up)

H thng kch t kp (dual channel)139



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140



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p n : c s ng c n u n g ng np ti nt ph ti pha xa.

in p ri trn tng tr t my pht n ti:

Vi: Vc: in p cn b

Vg: in p u cc my pht

Rc & Xc: tng tr t my pht n ti

Khi khng cn b ti: t Rc=0; Xc=0 khi s gi in p ti u

cc my pht

141



141/253

g n ng c : g n ng c c c v c c uCun kch t b gii hn v mt pht nng do phi gii hn dng kch t

cc i

Vi cc h thng hin i: s dng h thng gii hn dng kch t cc inhiu bc: dng kch t ln nht cho php ty thuc vo khong thi gian tnti.

H thng gii hn dng kch t l cn thit ngn nga qu ti khi my phtlm vic vi h thng: trnh trng hp thiu cng sut phn khng ln vmy pht s c iu chnh b li s thiu ht ny.

B gii hn dng kch : gii hn dng kch t cc i v cc tiuGii hn dng kch t cc tiu: cn thit phi gi mt ngng ti thiu ca

dng kch t trnh trng hp my pht d b mt ng b

B n nh cng (PSS) t d i khi tt h h

142



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B n nh cng (PSS): c tc dng iu khin tt nhanh cc

dao ng in trong h thngTn hiu u vo ca b PSS c th l tc roto, tn s dng in pht ra v

.

B PSS a thm tn hiu iu khin vo mch iu chnh in p.

S khi ca cc thit b AVR khc

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iu chnh dng bin tr


144



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145



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iu kin vn hnh song song cc my pht in: xt hai my pht

in G1 & G2 cng ni chung vo mt thanh gp. Mi my pht ctrang b mt b t ng iu chnh kch t (AVR)

146

Vn hnh song song cc my pht in


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AVR AVR

c tnh iu chnh ca my pht UF=f(IQ) c th l c tnh c lphoc ph thuc

Ukhngti

a. c lpb. Ph thuc

IQ IQ

Ukhngti

Ukhngti

Gi thit hai my u trang b c tnh iu chnh c lp

Khi in p trn thanh gp chung b gim: my pht c b iu chnh vi vng chtnh s tc ng trc nhn thm cng sut Q.

My pht cn li c th khng tc ng nhn thm Q hoc ch tc ng nhn thm Qkh h h h h kh h b

147



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khi my th nht ht cng sut cng sut phn khng phn b gia cc my ty

: c my b y ti, c my non ti.

AVR AVR

IQ

Nu hai my c trang b c tnh ph thuc

Cng sut phn khng s phn b tun theo dc ca c tnh iu chnh

My pht c cng sut ln hn nn c trang b c tnh c dc t hn v ngcli

148



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dc ca c tnh iu chnh c nh ngha: tans =

thay i dc ca c tnh iu chnh, m bo s phn b n nhcng sut Q gia cc my pht lm vic song song: dng mch n nh dngin

AVR AVR

IQIQ2 IQ1

Uthanh gp

Mch n nh dng in

149


in p a vo mch so snh c tnghp thm tn hiu dng in (IQ)

in p a vo mch so snh (b qua ts bin BU & BI):


149/253

AVR khong tai QU U I R= +

)

Khi my pht nhn thm cng sut phn

AVR AVR

ng Qt ng n t n p n Qxtng in p UAVRtng ln.

Khi b iu khin thy in p u vob so snh UAVRca n tng ln s iuchnh gim in p u cc.

Quan h iu chnh: IQtng & UFgim

l c tnh iu chnh ph thuc

Mc ph thuc (phn chia ti) c ththay i bng thay i gi tr in tr R

Chi i mch n nh dng in

150


Tha i dc c nh i chnh:

Thay i gi tr in tr R

Dch chn dc c nh i chnh:


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Dch chn dc c nh i chnh:

S dng my bin p c iu chnh t sphn p

Khi thay i t s bin p in p tvo b AVR thay i

Gim t s: in p o c gim i bAVR tng kch t gi in p u ccc tnh tnh tin ln

Tng t s: c tnh tnh tin xung

AVR

Chi i mch n nh dng in

151



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AVR

in p tham chiu c ly t hai pha bt k Dng in a mch n nh dng in: ly t pha cn li

Mch n nh dng in Cc ch ho ng

152


MF n hnh i h cng bng 1


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Cc my pht ch pht P, khng pht Q khng cn chia s Q

in p b thm bi mch n nh: rt nh khng gy thay ilng cng sut Q ca cc my


153


MF n hnh i h cng bng 0.8


153/253

in p b thm bi mch n nh: gy thay i in p ln hntrng hp cos phi = 1


154


MF n hnh i h cng bng 0


154/253

My pht ch pht cng sut phn khng Q

in p t mch n nh: cng trc tip vo in p o c ca AVR

S dng chng Mch n nh dng in & B phn b ph i

155



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AVR AVR

AVR khong tai QU U I R= +

Mch n nh dng in v B phn b ph ti: c s u ni cc tnh dng in khc nhau (mch n nh

dng ly thnh phn dng in phn khng) Trong a phn cc trng hp: khi ch cn b in p

cho ph ti theo thnh phn IQ*X Hai s c thdng chung

Vic iu chnh in p c th thc hin thng qua vic thay i

u phn p cc my bin p Vic thay i u phn p c th thc hin khi MBA ang mang

ti hoc ct in ty theo cu trc b chuyn mch

156

Thit b t ng chuyn i u phn p MBA


156/253

ti hoc ct in ty theo cu trc b chuyn mchChuyn u phn p phi ct ti: thng p dng cho cc my bin p

trung p hoc h p. Phm vi iu chnh thng trong khong 5%

Chuyn u phn p khi ang mang ti: thit b iu p di ti (OLTC) .Phm vi iu chnh thng trong khong 20%

Nguyn l lm vic ca thit b iu p di ti

157



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Vi in khng (a) Vi in tr (b) Loi t hp

Tip im D&S ring bit

M phng nguyn l lm vic ca thit b iu p di ti

158



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S cn thit phi c thit b i ni trung gian

159



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Khng c thit b i ni

S cn thit phi c khu hn ch dng in

160



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Khng c thit b hn ch dng in

Hn ch dng in bng in tr

161



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Hn ch dng in bng in tr

162



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Chuyn u phn p qua tip im trung gian ph

163



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Hn ch dng in bng in khngKhng tn hao

C th nm trong mch chuyn mch Khng cn loi tr sau khichuyn mch

164



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Chuyn mch bng my ct chn khng

Cc phng php chuyn mch: xut hin h quang du nhanh bkm cht lng

S dng thm chuyn mch bng my ct chn khng

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166



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167



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Phng php trch u phn p vi MBA t ngu

168


a. S vng ca cun cao p(H) l c nh t svng/volt s c nh nuin p cao p c nh


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Thch hp nu in p caop t thay i

b. Thch hp nu in p caop thay i nhiu

Cng tc o chiu:

o Ch vn hnh khi u phnp ti v tr N (neutral)

o o chiu cc tnh in p iu chnh tng/gim

Trch u phn p gn im trung tnh cun dy

169


Cc phng php trc ly u phn p ln cn v tr X

Phng php ly u phn p gn im trung tnh: gimc cch in ca thit b OLTC


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Tuy nhin: S vn cun cao tha i theo v tr u hn

Khng thch hp s dng v in p pha cao p thng tngi n nh

S khi ca qu trnh iu khin thay i u phn p

170


B i

Ncphn p

Bin ng (nhi)

Tn hi i khin khc(vd: t b iu khin ch o)


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khin B chnmch M bin p

Bin ng (nhiu): v d s thay i ca ti, thay i cu trc li dnn thay i in p

Tn hiu iu khin khc: khi my bin p lm vic song song th cc biu khin c th nhn tn hiu iu khin t mt b iu khin ch o(master)

S u ni ca b iu khin

171



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Cc gi chnh nh

Mc in p ci tGi tr ci t thng cao hn 5% b cho in p ri trn ng dy

Vng khng nhy

172


Vngkhng

nhy105V

kU


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Phi m bo sao cho khi iu chnhknU

in p khng c vt qungng khng nhy

Thi gian trU

1 1 1 2( . . )kn

U U =

Thi gian tr:

trnh thit b lm vic lin tc khi c dao ng in p ngn hn (vd: do ng

c khi ng)t 3060 giy Gi in p ti im nt ph ti:

Tng t nh trong thit b iu khin kch t

L do lm vic song song ca cc MBA:Tng kh nng ti

Tng cng mc d phng

D dng khi cn bo dng mt MBA

173

Phi hp s lm vic song song cc MBA


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Cc vn cn quan tm

Khc tng tr

B iu khin khng tng thch vi nhauTng dng ngn mch...

Hu qu khi phi hp sai:

Ti phn b khng uDng cn bng chy qun ln

Qu ti, tng tn tht

B OLTC hot ng nhiu: hao mn, tng gim p lin tc...

L do cn phi hp cc b iu p di tiSai lch thi gian: mt b iu p hot ng nhanh hn cc b khc

Mt MBA s thay i u phn p trc, MBA cn li khng thay i haiMBA s vn hnh song song vi cc nc phn p khc nhau sinh ra dng cnbng chy qun gia hai my pht nng, qu ti, tng tn hao.

174



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MBA 15MVA; Xk%=8.7;

Uth cp=12.7kV

Lch mt nc phn pIcb=25A

Yu cu i vi vic phi hpCc MBA song song: m bo iu p nh ci t vi mt my

Nc phn p: c t ng la chn sao cho dng cn bng chy qunnh nht

C MBA h kh hi h i h

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Cc MBA c th khng cn thit hot ng ti cng v tr u phn pCc chc nng phi t ng c m bo: khi thay i cu hnh h thng

Cc phng php phi hp b iu khinTheo phng php b iu khin ch o/ ph thuc

(Master/Flolower)

Phng php dng cn bng nh nht

176



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Nguyn l iu khin ch o/ph thuc

Da theo gi thit: gi cng nc phn p dng cn bng nh nht

177



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Ch o/ph thuc gi cng nc phn pCh p dng vi cc MBA ging nhau hon tonT s BI c th khc nhau

Yu cu c phn hi t thit b c iu khin (thng dng cc rle

t i )

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trung gian)

Khi c 01 b iu khin Khi c 02 b iu khin

Nguyn l dng cn bng nh nhtS dng thm thit b ph tr (Parallel Balancing Module)Thit b ph tr phn tch dng in chy qua MBA:

Dng ti thng thng cc dng ti qua cc MBA cng pha vi nhau

Dng cn bng chy qun lch pha 1800

gia cc MBA

179



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Dng cn bng chy qun lch pha 180 gia cc MBA

S u ni theo phng php dng cn bng nh nht

Nguyn l ca khi cn bng dng

V dMy bin p cng sut 12 MVA 13,8kV; Un=9%Phm vi iu chnh ca mt nc phn p: 0,625%

180



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Mi my mang ti 10MVA

V d phng php nguyn l dng cn bng nh nht181


Cun th cp ni tipdng in cun s cpK1&K2 phi bng nhau


181/253

Cc tnh dng in a

vo rle 90 (iu chnhu phn p) khc nhau cc MBA chu tc ngiu chnh ngc nhau

Cun khng: iu chnh nhy bng cch iu chnht l dng vo rle 90

i h h t & C t

Chng 06

182


Chng 2: T ng chuyn i ngun inChng 3: T ng ha ng b cc ngun in


Chng 5: T ng iu chnh in p & cng sut phn khng trong HT

6: T ng i chnh n & cng c dng ong HT


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iu chnh tn s & Cng suttc dng

Tn s ca h thng in bt buc phi c duy tr:

Vn hnh vi tn s dao ng trong khong c th cho phptrong khong thi gian ngn (vi iu kin lch gia ng h in& ng h thin vn khng qu 2 pht trong 24 gi).

Vic iu chnh tn s mang tnh h thng phng tin iu chnh l h i

183

Gii thiu chung

50 0 1. Hz

0 2. Hz


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Vic iu chnh tn s mang tnh h thng, phng tin iu chnhtn s l cc my pht in

Ti cc t my c trang b cc b iu tc

B iu tn s tc ng thay i tham s t ca cc b iu tc nytrong qu trnh iu khin tn s.

Qu trnh iu chnh tn s:

iu chnh s cp: do cc b iu tc m nhn. B iu tc c thit k iu khin duy tr tc tua bin thng qua iu chnh

ngun nng lng s cp (nc, hi...) vo tuabin.

Qu trnh iu tc s cp c nhim v nhanh chng ngn chn s mt cn bng cng

sut.C i t h i t t t i t l h t ht h

184

Gii thiu chung


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Cui qu trnh iu tc s cp vn tn ti mt lch tn s nht nh.

m t ay trao u c ng su t tr n c c ng truy n t

iu chnh th cp:

a tn s tr v nh mc iu chnh li lung cng sut trao i gia cc khu vc theo mt k hoch xc nh

trc.

Phn b li lng cng sut iu chnh gia cc t my nhm cc tiu ha chi phi vnhnh.

Thi gian ca cc qu trnh iu chnh

185

Gii thiu chung

iu chnh in p

iu khin tuabin

iu tn & dngcng sut


185/253

iu chnh in p

Bo v rle

H thng iu tc ca cc tuabin hi

186

S khi


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Hot ng Speed Governor: l b o tc , tn hiu u ra l v tr ca thanh iu khin t l

vi tc thc ca tuabin

V tr ca thanh ny c so snh (bng c kh) vi v tr chunmc sai lch v tr t l vi lch tc

Tuy nhin lch ny nh: cn khuych i v c lc v khong lch dng cc bkhuych i Speed Relay v Servo Motor

My iu tc tuabin c nhiu loi: do cn thao tc iu khin vi lc ln nn

cc c cu tha hnh phn ln c tr gip bng thy lc. Cc b iu tckhc nhau c cu o tc

Loi c kh: n gin nht dng c cu tay quay & qu vng o tc

Loi thy lc: s dng mt bm du ly tm quay bi tuabin. Bm ny s bm

du vo mt xi lanh c piston. Piston c cn bng bi lc l xo. p lc du t lvi bnh phng tc quay v tr ca piston t l vi tc

187

My iu tc tuabin


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vi bnh phng tc quay v tr ca piston t l vi tc .

Loi dng tn hiu in: tuabin quay mt my pht in dng nam chm vnh cu.Tn hiu in pht ra b lc vi tn s cng hng bng tn s nh mc. u

ra ca b lc c chnh lu cho ra in p mt chiu t l vi lch tc .Gii php khc: s dng my pht xung vung quay bi tuabin. Tn hiu xungvung ny c so snh vi tn hiu t mt b dao ng thch anh chun . Tnhiu u ra ca b so snh cng c chnh lutn hiu iu khin.

C cu o tc kiu c kh: tay quayqu vng

188

My iu tc tuabin

Tay quay

Qu vngL xo


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Trcquay

C cu o tc kiu c kh: cc bin th

189

My iu tc tuabin


189/253

C cu o tc kiu thy lc

190

My iu tc tuabin


190/253

C cu o tc s dng tn hiu in & quang in

191

My iu tc tuabin


191/253

Loi c kh (a qa q ng)

192S khi my iu tc tuabin


192/253

Centrifugal Governor: b o tc kiu ly tm (tay quayqu vng)

193S khi my iu tc tuabin

Loi in h lc


193/253

CCD: c cu t

194My iu tc tuabin


194/253

Du p lc vo

Du x

Khi thiu cng sut Tc tuabin gim i

195My iu tc tuabin


195/253

Du p lc vo

Du x

196My iu tc tuabin


196/253

Du p lc vo

Du x

197My iu tc tuabin


197/253

Du p lc vo

Du x

Vai tr ca c cu t (CCD)

198My iu tc tuabin

thay im t qua thay i cng sut pht ca t my


198/253

Du p lc vo

Du x


199My iu tc tuabin

Khi a v tr t ln cao hn


199/253

Du p lc vo

Du x


200My iu tc tuabin


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Du p lc vo

Du x


201My iu tc tuabin

tng cng sut pht ca t my


201/253

Du p lc vo

Du x

Hon ton tng t vi phn iu khin kch t cc my pht in: cc

my pht c th lm vic song song n nh

c tnh iu chnh ca mypht phi l loi ph thuc

202Phi hp s lm vic song song cc MF

f

fm

f

f1f


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Cc t my c dc t hn s nhn nhiu cng sut ln hn v ngc li.

c dc c tnh iu chnh ty theo cng sut my pht. Thng dc c t trong khong 28%

P PP1 P2P1 P2

1P

2P

c tnh c lpc tnh ph thuc

203S h thng iu tn trong HT


203/253SCADA

Chng 7

204


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T ng ha trm bip p &

T ng ha li in phn phi(SCADA, Substation Automation & Automation for

Power Distribution )

Tham kho cc slide gi km

205Gii thiu chung


205/253

Thit b FACTS trong h thng in(FACTS devices Introduction & Applications)

Chng 8

206


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SVC (Brail) 500 kV, +/250 MVAr

H thng truyn ti in xoay chiu linh hot

Hoc Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System hayFACTS

nh ngha ca IEEE l: h thng s dng cc thit b in t

cng sut v cc thit b tnh khc iu khin mt hoc nhiu

207nh ngha

, ,


207/253

nng cao kh nng iu khin v kh nng truyn ti cng sut.

Mc ch s dng thit b FACTS:Truyn ti dng in xoay chiu

Nng cao kh nng iu khin h thng inTng kh nng truyn ti cng sut

Gii quyt cc vn cht lng in nng

Phn t c bn ca thit b FACTS:

Cc b nghch lu c iu khin cng sut ln (Power ElectronicSwitching Inverter)

B iu khin (Controller)

B ngun (c th c hoc khng)

208Gii thiu chung


208/253

209Tin b ca cng ngh in t cng sut


209/253

Aembl of Chip in

IGBT

Pelle of GTO / IGCTPelle of LTT Thio

LTT = Ligh iggeed Thio

GTO= Gae noff Thio

IGCT = Inlaed Gae commaed Thio

IGBT = Inlaed Gae Bipola Tanio

S dng LTT Thyristor

210Modun cho h thng HVDC


210/253

Thay th cc chnh lu thy ngn

211Trm chnh lu 3,100 MW Celilo (M) HVDC


211/253

212H thng thyristor ca hng NARI

Khi iu khin thyristor

Thyristor


212/253

B tn nhit

Phn loi s b thit b FACTS:

213Phn loi


213/253

Kt ni song songKt ni ni tip Kt ni hn hp

Static VAR Compensator (SVC)

Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) Thyristor Controlled Phase shifting Transformer

Static Synchronous Compensator (SSC)

Static synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC)

214Cc thit b FACTS ph bin

Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC)


214/253

Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC)

Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC)

Interline Power Flow controller (IPFC)

Static Var Compensator (SVC)(FACTS devices Introduction & Applications)

215


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SVC (Brail) 500 kV, +/250 MVAr

Chc nng ca thit b b tnh SVC

Giai on mi xut hin: B v duy tr h s cng sut cho cc ti cc nh my luyn thp, l h

quang

Cn bng ti

SVC c s dng cho li truyn ti (cui thp k 70)

216Static VAR Compensator (SVC)

T ng n ng truy n t c o ng y


216/253

Ci thin tnh n nh nh kh nng iu chnh nhanh in p

Dp tt cc dao ng tn s thp (dao ng in) Khng ch qu in p

Hot ng:

iu chnh in p: thay i lng CSPK pht/tiu th vo h thng

iu chnh lin tctrong phm vi Q + Q

Khng gm cc phn quay qun tnh iu chnh rt nh

Cu to

Thyristor Controlled Reactor (TCR) Khng c iu khinThyristor Switched Capacitor (TSC) T ng/ct bng thyristor



217/253

B t ng/ct: iu chnh th, nhy cp

Khng c iu khin: iu chnh trn

u ni vi h thng

Cc b SVC thng c ni ln ng dy qua my bin p (couplingtransformer)

Cc my bin p gim in p xung cp thch hp ( v d t220kV23kV)

Gim chi ph v cch in cho SVC



218/253

V d



219/253

S khi ca phn iu khin

220Thut ton iu khin n gin


220/253

Khi o lng

o in p lc ra thnhphn in p th t thun

Khi iu chnh in p:


tnh ton tng dn B cn c Khi ng b & pht xung


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tnh ton tng dn B cn cca SVC b sai khc ny

Khi la chn:

Xc nh xem bao nhiu khiTSC s cn ng vo

Xc nh gc m ca thyristortrong mch TCR

Khi ng b & pht xungiu khin thyristor:ng b in p s dng

mch PLL (PhaseLockedLoop)

To xung iu khinng/m

Mch PLL (PhaseLocked

Loop)C nhim v pht ra tn hiu

c ng b v gc pha vitn hiu u vo (reference

signal)



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Va

Vb

Vc

Va

Vb

Vc

Phase-Locked

Loop

thetatheta

Main : Graphs

0.060 0.080 0.100 0.120 0.140 0.160 0.180 0.200

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

y

Va Theta

Kt qu m phng mch PLL

SVC c hai ch vn hnh

Ch iu chnh in p (voltage regulation)Ch iu chnh cng sut (VAR control): gi tng dn khng i

223c tnh lm vic VI ca SVC (ch xc lp)

Gii hn theo dunglng khng in


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c tnh lm vic ch iu chnh in p

Gii hn theo dung lng t

Biu din quan h gia in p trn SVC v dng in (cng sut phn khng ca SVC)

lng khng in

dc ca c tnh

m bo s hot ng song song gia cc bSVC & vi cc thit b b khc

Ngn nga vic SVC lm vic ht cng sutthng xuyn

Xc nh im lm vic ca SVC

224c tnh lm vic VI ca SVC (ch xc lp)


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225Thut ton iu khin nng cao


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Vi thut ton iu khin n gin

SVC phn ng vi tn hiu lch in p iu chnh lng CSPKpht ra

Vi s c ln, SVC s dng hu ht kh nng pht CSPK

Khi s c tip theo: SVC khng cn kh nng phn ngCn c thut ton iu khin: a gi tr pht ca SVC v gi tr mc

nh (rt nh) ch ln lm vic k tip

Thut ton iu khin nng cao

Cn c thut ton iu khin: a gi tr pht ca SVC v gi tr mc nh (rt nh) ch ln lm vic k

tip

Thi gian tc ng ca khu iu khin ny: Rt chm (hng chc giy hoc hng pht)

226Thut ton iu khin nng cao

ng n ng t t n n ng u c n n an n p c a

Khi SVC pht tr v gi tr mc nh ban u


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Khi SVC pht tr v gi tr mc nh ban u

Cc thit b pht CSPK khc ln cn s m nhn phn SCPK thiu ht (cc bt b)

Khu iu chnh in ptng t nh thut toniu khin n gin

Khu iu chnh cng sutVAR (gi tng dn khng

i):

227 Thut ton iu khin nng cao

t vi gi tr t (Bset)


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Gi tr Bsetthng tng

ng vi lng CSPK do blc sng hi trong SVC pht ra

Sai s c a qua khu tchphn tn hiu in p hiu

chnh ti b so snh Khu iu chnh ny hot

ng vi hng s thi gian ln(hng chc giy hoc vi pht)

Khu iu chnh cng sutVAR (gi tng dn khngi): Chc nng ny c th tm b

khakhi c bin ng in pln tn dng ton b cngsut ca SVC



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iu khin cc thit b bngoi vi

Khi SVC c iu khin trv gi tr tng dn mc nh cc thit b b khc phignh phn CSPK

Trang b thm khu iu khin


n ng t t t ngovi


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1. im hot ng bnh thng: giao ctgia c tnh ti ca h thng v c

tnh ca SVC2. Xy ra bin ng in p gim mt

lng VT SVC nhanh chng dichuyn im lm vic ti 2 di tc

dng ca khu iu chnh in p

230 Phn tch hot ng

. thi gian ln tn hiu ca khutch phn ln s tc ng iu


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tch phn ln s tc ng iu

chnh a im lm vic v 34. Do :

1. in p b gim di ngng mong mun

2. SVC vn cn kh nng d tr hot ng

5. Cc thit b b ln cn c th c avo ph tr thm.

231Logic kha khi thp p

L do kha SVC khi xy ra thp p trm trng

Khi xy ra s c in p st trm trng SVC vn hnh ch thun dungkhng khi s c c loi tr c th gy qu p

Cn kha SVC khi in p st qua thp

Logic thc hin


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Khi in p 3 pha gim qu UVmin(thng t 60%): Chc nng iu chnh in p b kha (bng cch gn Bref=0)

Kha van thyristor thao tc ng/ct cc b t (TSC)

Chc nng iu chnh VAR cng b kha

Khi in p hi phc trn ngng UVmax(thng t 69%) lu (30ms): B tn hiu kha {chc nng iu chnh in p & ng/ct b t}

Sau (170ms): m kha chc nng iu chnh chm VAR

232 M hnh ha SVC Mc phc tp ca m hnh SVC ty theo mc ch nghin cu

Cc mc ch nghin cu: Tnh ton tro lu cng sut (Power Flow)

M hnh tnh ton khi c cc bin ng ln & nh

Nghin cu hin tng qu in t (EMTP)

Nghin cu vn sng hi v cht lng in nng


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233 M hnh ha SVC M hnh s dng khi tnh ch li (ch xc lp)

Trong phm vi iu chnh B qua dc c tnh iu khin

SVC c m phng nh mt nt PV vi P=0 & V=Vref

Nu dc c tnh cn tnh ti:S dng m hnh nh trn

Chn thm mt thanh gp gi tng vo s

T an g p gi t ng n i t i t an g p SVC ng m t i n ng tng ng v i c ctnh iu khin


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M hnh m phng c xt dc c tnh iu chnh

234 M hnh ha SVC M hnh s dng khi tnh ch li (ch xc lp)

Ngoi phm vi iu chnh Nu ISVC> Imax(v pha in khng)

Nu V < Vmin (v pha in dung)


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235 M hnh ha SVC M hnh s dng khi xt n cc kch ng ln & nh

Nu xem xt vn n nh do cc dao ng in c B qua m phng cc qu trnh qu in t trong m hnh ca SVC

Thay th SVC bng mt tng dn thay i Dng in qua SVC theo quan h vi tng dn

Ma trn tng dn phi cp nht sau mi ln tnh


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Thay th SVC bng mt ngun dng bin thin Dng in qua SVC theo quan h vi tng dn

Ma trn tng dn khng cn cp nht nu SVC c m phng nhngun dng (bip thin)

236 Kt qu m phng hot ng ca SVC


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Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC)(FACTS devices Introduction & Applications)

237


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T b dc c iu khin

238 Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC)

M hnh l thuytn gin

MOV


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My ct: a TCSC vo hot ng/ct ra khi li khi c yu cu hoc s c.

in khng hn chdng in (L)

Bo v cho b t: gm nhiu cp

MOV (metaloxide varistor): in tr phi tuyn u song song bo v chng qu p

Ngn mch duy tr dng in ln c th lm hng MOV khe mi phng in K s hotng Dng ngn mch s chy qua K v my bin dng nu ti ngng tc ng atn hiu ng my ct MC ni tt cc phn t

Khi dao cch ly c th ng li ni tt lu di TCSC

T b dc c iu khin


M hnh l thuytn gin

M hnh thc t:bao gm c cc


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thit b bo v

Thit b TCSC u tin hot ng nm 1996

TCSC gia tng tnh iu khin ca HT

Tng kh nng ti ca ng dyCi thin s vn hnh n nh ca HT

Dp dao ng (damping) tn s thp

Ngn nga sp in p (iu khin in p)

240 ng dng ca TCSC


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Tng cng n nh ca HT

241 ng dng ca TCSC

Cng sut truyn ti trn ng dy:

ng A & C: c tnh cng sut ng vi Xcmax& Xcmin

Ti thi im ct ngn mch TCSC c iu khin ti


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g

gi tr Xcmax nng c tnh cng sut ln ng Adin tch hm tc tng m bo n nh h thng vigc lch cho php ti max(nu khng iu khin gclch c th tng ti khoc mt n nh nu B thp hn)

Ti thi im gc lch bt u gim cn iu chnhTCSC th hin Xcmin gim din tch gia tc (theo chium) dao dng gc lch ch gim ti min

Sau 4 ln TCSC tc ng th h thng v n nh quanggi tr cn bng

TCSC gia tng tnh iu khin ca HT

iu khin dng cng sut, gim tn tht

242 ng dng ca TCSC


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Cc ch hot ng


guy n o ng: ng r c a ng c


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Thay i gi tr in khng thng qua gc m ca thyristor

Cc ch hot ng Ch thyristor c m hon ton

Dng in l hnh sin

Tng tr ca TCSC c tnh cm khng do in dn B ca khng thng chn ln hn ca b t

Dng in hu ht i qua cun khng v ch mt phn nh chy qua b t c tc dng bov b t chng qu p khi c qa dng in.



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Cc ch hot ng Ch thyristor kha hon ton

Van thyristor khng hot ng

TCSC th hin tnh dung khng: ca t b c nh



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TSCS khng th hin vai tr trong ch hot ng ny Ch ny thng t dng (waiting mode)

Cc ch hot ng Ch thyristor c iu khin

Van thyristor thay i gc ng m trn di rng

TCSC th hin tnh dung khng hoc cm khng: ty theo gc m ca van thyristor



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iu khin theo tng tr

Thng s dng ch iu khin khng phn hi (open loopcontrol)

L ch ph bin nht iu khin dng cng sut trn ng dy

247 Thut ton iu khin TSCS


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Gi tr mong mun ca mc bHoc dng cng sut mong mun

iu khin gi tng tr khng i Khu trdophn ngca TCSC(~15ms)

in khng tham chiu Xref

iu khin theo dng in khng i (constant current)

Thng s dng ch iu khin c phn hi (closedloop control)Gi tr dng in cn duy tr i lng tham chiu


a,b,c Qua b lc


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Dng intham chiu

Khu iukhin PI

Khu hn chin dn

Khu chuyn isang tn hiu

ng/m thyristor

iu khin theo dng in khng i (constant current)

Thng s dng ch iu khin c phn hi (closedloop control)Gi tr dng in cn duy tr i lng tham chiu



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Khu la chn ch vn hnh: Dng bo v TCSC

Khi c ngn mch: thyristor m hon ton (bypass mode) hn ch qu p

Trong qu trnh loi tr s c, TCSC ch ch (waiting mode)

iu khin theo gc truyn ti khng i (constant angle)

Thch hp s dng khi ng dy c TCSC vn hnh song song ving dy khc

Mc tiu iu khin: trong cc tnh hung s c ca h thng Gi cng sut trn ng dy song song khng i

Cho php cng sut trn ng dy c TCSC thay i


gi khng i dng cng sut phi duy tr gc truyn ti (gclch )


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iu khin tch hp thm chc nng dp tt dao ng

Mc tiu iu khin: Dp tt nhanh chng cc dao ng tn s thp

Tn hiu dng in qua khu vi phn a thm vo mch iukhin



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iu khin theo dng cng sut khng i (constant powerflow)

Mc tiu iu khin: gi dng cng sut khng i trn ng dy


Tnh cng sut


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Qui i v h vtng i

Khu tr

Gi tr cng suttham chiu

STATCOM (hoc SSC)(Static Synchronous Compensator)

253

100MVA STATCOM Installed at 345kV Substation, Korea


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Documents

Bai Giang Tu Dong Hoa Trong He Thong Dien 21-11-2011