baocao

LI CM NChng em xin chn thnh cm n khoa Cng ngh Thng tin trng i hc Khoa Hc T Nhin to iu kin thun li v gip chng em hon thnh tt kha lun tt nghip ny.

Chng em xin chn thnh cm n thy V Hi Qun tn tnh ch dy, gip chng em trong qu trnh lm kha lun.

Chng em xin chn thnh cm n cc Thy, C khoa Cng ngh Thng tin tn tnh ch dy, trang b kin thc nn tng cho chng em trong sut nhng nm hc qua.

Chng con xin chn thnh cm n ng b, cha m to iu kin thun li cho chng con hon thnh kha lun ny.

Chng em xin cm n nhng Anh, Ch i trc li nhng kin thc rt b ch chng em tip ni. Cm n cc Anh, Ch v cc bn trong nhm nghin cu ting ni Phng Nam gip chng em rt nhiu trong qu trnh lm kha lun.

Mc d chng em c gng hon thnh kha lun vi kh nng cho php nhng chc chn s khng trnh khi nhng sai xt. Knh mong Thy, C v cc bn gp kha lun c th c hon thin hn.

Nhm thc hin

Nguyn Th M Dung Dng Ch Trng

03/2010

LI NI UNgy nay, cng ngh kt hp gia my tnh v mng in thoi (CTI Computer Telephony Integration) ang c pht trin rng ri lm gim ng k chi ph nhn cng cho cc dch v tr li thng tin. V d vic s dng in thoi truy cp cc dch v t ng nh kim tra ti khon ngn hng, lch chuyn bay, tra cu thng tin v im thi i hc, cc thng tin v thi tit, gi vng, gi chng khon khng cn l iu mi m. Ngi dng c th gi tin nhn hoc gi in thoi trc tip ti h thng v h thng s t ng p li ngi dng nhng thng tin m ngi dng cn bit. Qu trnh x l thng tin l hon ton t ng v ngi dng c th thc hin truy vn thng tin mi lc, mi ni thng qua in thoi hay thit b cm tay.

Vi vai tr phc v kh thit thc trong cuc sng ca h thng tr li t ng nh vy, chnh l l do chng em la chn ti Nghin cu v xy dng h thng Voice Server ng dng cho cc dch v cung cp thng tin qua mng in thoi cho kha lun tt nghip ca mnh.

MC LC

6Chng 1. M U

61.1 Nhu cu thc t v l do thc hin ti:

61.2 Mc tiu ca ti:

71.3 Ni dung kho lun:

8Chng 2. TNG QUAN

82.1 Gii thiu s lc vic truy cp thng tin qua m thanh

92.2 Th no l mt ng dng m thanh (Voice Application)

102.3 Khi nim Voice Server

112.4 Cu trc Voice Server

112.4.1 Cng c pht trin ng dng

122.4.2 B nhn dng ting ni t ng(Automatic Speech Regconition)

122.4.3 B tng hp ting ni(Text-To-Speech)

132.4.4 B kt ni gia ng dng v h thng in thoi

142.5 H thng tr li in thoi t ng

142.5.1 Khi nim

162.5.2 Cc dch v in hnh ca IVR

172.5.3 Cc u im ca h thng IVR

18Chng 3. C S L THUYT

183.1 Cng ngh TAPI

183.1.1 TAPI l g?

203.1.2 Lch s pht trin ca TAPI

223.1.3 TSP l g?

223.1.4 Mi quan h gia TSP v phn cng TAPI

223.1.5 Kh nng tng thch ngc v ti ca TAPI v TSP

243.1.6 Kin trc TAPI

243.1.7 M hnh ca TAPI 2.x

263.1.8 TAPI 3.0 v cc ci tin so vi TAPI 2.x

333.2 H thng tng hp ting ni TTS (Text-To-Speech)

333.2.1 Gii thiu v h thng tng hp ting ni

413.2.2 Phn tch vn bn

453.2.3 Tng hp bng phng php ghp ni

56Chng 4. PHN TCH THIT K V TRIN KHAI H THNG QUA NG DNG MINH HA

564.1 S v nguyn l hot ng

564.1.1 Cc thnh phn ca h thng

584.1.2 Nguyn l hot ng

594.2 Thit k v xy dng chng trnh

594.2.1 Xy dng M un IVR

704.2.2 M un TTS

704.3 Ci t, hng dn s dng

73Chng 5. TNG KT

735.1 Mt s kt qu t c

735.2 Kh nng pht trin ca h thng

745.3 Phm vi v gii hn

75Ti liu tham kho

DANH MC CC BNG60Bng 1. Danh sch cc ngi dng

61Bng 2. Danh sch cc Use Case

66Bng 3 Gii thch cc iu khin trn mn hnh chnh

DANG MC CC HNH10Hnh 2.1. M t Voice Server trong vic iu hnh mt yu cu ca khch hng

11Hnh 2.2. Cc thnh phn ca Voice Server

12Hnh 2.3 Qu trnh x l nhn dng ting ni

13Hnh 2.4 Qu trnh tng hp ting ni

15Hnh 2.5 M hnh h thng IVR

24Hnh 3.1 Kin trc TAPI

25Hnh 3.2 M hnh thit k TAPI

27Hnh 3.3 Kin trc TAPI 3.0

29Hnh 3.4 Cc loi a ch ca TAPI 3.0

29Hnh 3.5 Phng thc truy vn loi a ch ca TSP

30Hnh 3.6 Cc giao thc ca TAPI 3.0

32Hnh 3.7 M hnh i tng ch yu ca TAPI 3.0

34Hnh 3.8 H thng Text-To-Speech n gin

47Hnh 3.9 Quy trnh tng hp bng phng php ghp ni-la chn n v

49Hnh 3.10 Minh ha qu trnh chn cm t thch hp

51Hnh 3.11 Tnh chi ph Unit

52Hnh 3.12 Tnh trc tip Connection Cost

52Hnh 3.13 Tnh gin tip Connection Cost

56Hnh 4.1 S h thng ng dng

59Hnh 4.2 M hnh c s d liu

64Hnh 4.3 S t chc kch bn ng dng

65Hnh 4.4 Mn hnh giao din chnh

67Hnh 4.5 Mn hnh ghi ch trn giao din chnh

67Hnh 4.6 Mn hnh khi nhn chut vo icon ca mn hnh chnh

67Hnh 4.7 Mn hnh khi c cuc gi n

68Hnh 4.8 Mn hnh xem thng tin thit b

68Hnh 4.9 Mn hnh xem nht k cuc gi

69Hnh 4.10 Mn hnh xem thng tin chng khon

69Hnh 4.11 Mn hnh thng tin nhm

70Hnh 4.12 Ci t bc 1

71Hnh 4.13 Ci t bc2

71Hnh 4.14 Ci t bc 3

72Hnh 4.15 Ci t bc 4

72Hnh 4.16 Ci t bc 5

Chng 1. M U1.1 Nhu cu thc t v l do thc hin ti:Chc hn bn tng bi ri trc nhng ging ni d thng ging nh c cc thng tin v hy bm phm khi bn gi n nhng trung tm chm sc khch hng ca mt cng ty, tp on hay mt tng i in thoi no . Trn thc t, c gi l mt my tnh vi cc chng trnh t ng thc hin giao tip vi ngi gi thay cho in thoi vin. Cn bn th ang thc hin cng vic truy vn mt h thng tr li t ng vi kch bn c xy dng sn qua cc on m thanh c ghi m trc hay thng qua mt m un chuyn cc on vn bn sang dng m thanh tng ng gi l b tng hp ting ni TTS (Text-To-Speech).Ti nay, vic s dng my tnh tr li cc cuc in thoi khng cn xa l. cc nc pht trin nh Nht, M, Hn Quc c ti 85% yu cu ca ngi gi c p ng bi cc h thng Voice Server. Ti Vit Nam, vic s dng h thng Voice Server cng c s dng cc cng ty, tp on vin thng ln nh Mobifone, Vinaphone, ViettelH thng hon ton c th p dng vo mi lnh vc ca i sng x hi, nh trong bnh vin, trng hc, hnh chnh cng, ngn hng, dch v gii tr, du lch, vn chuyn hnh khch, cung cp thng tin kinh t - x hi... Khi cc ng dng ca h thng ngy cng c x hi ha th ngi dn cng nh cc doanh nghip s cng c hng li ch nhiu hn t n.

Vi nhng li ch thit thc nh vy, nhm chng em c gng thc hin ti: Nghin cu v xy dng h thng Voice Server ng dng cho cc dch v cung cp thng tin qua mng in thoi cho kha lun tt nghip ca mnh.

1.2 Mc tiu ca ti:Xy dng ng dng cung cp thng tin qua mng in thoi. C th l h thng s cung cp thng tin mc c bn v t gi c phiu v thng tin th trng chng khon. p dng b tng hp ting ni Text-To-Speech vo h thng, b Text-To-Speech ny t ng chuyn ni dung vn bn thnh m thanh tng ng.1.3 Ni dung kho lun:

Ni dung kho lun gm 5 chng:

Chng 1. M u: Trnh by nhu cu thc t, l do thc hin ti v cc mc tiu cn t c.

Chng 2. Tng quan: Gii thiu chung v h thng Voice Server, h thng tr li t ng.Chng 3. C s l thuyt: Trnh by v cng ngh TAPI, cng ngh TTS (Text-To-Speech).

Trnh by khi nim, lch s pht trin, kin trc TAPI. Trnh by im ci tin ca TAPI 3.0 so vi cc phin bn trc.

Trnh by khi nim, quy trnh v cc phng php thc hin tng hp ting ni. Gii thiu quy trnh x l vn bn thnh dng chun c th tng hp thnh dng m thanh tng ng.

Gii thiu phng php tng hp ghp ni - tng hp la chn n v (Unit selection)Chng 4. Phn tch thit k v trin khai h thng qua ng dng minh ha

S tng qut v nguyn l hot ng ca h thng cung cp thng tin chng khon t ng qua mng in thoi. Cc bc xy dng h thng IVR(Interactive Voice Respone). Hng dn ci t, s dng.Chng 5. Tng kt: Tm tt li kt qu t c, hng pht trin ca ti.Chng 2. TNG QUAN2.1 Gii thiu s lc vic truy cp thng tin qua m thanhNgy nay vi s gia tng kh nng thc hin cng vic khng cn s tr gip ca cc thit b h tr nh chut hay bn phm, k thut x l m thanh thay i cch con ngi tng tc vi h thng. H thng khng cn b buc trong cch thc tng tc truyn thng (v d: bm phm trn in thoi) m chuyn sang tng tc trc tip bng ging ni.

Trong mi trng kinh t cnh tranh, cc ng dng dn dn chuyn sang tch hp tnh nng tng tc m thanh. Vic ng dng v khch hng c th tng tc vi nhau thng qua m thanh khng c ngha l loi b giao din ha truyn thng m n cung cp thm mt cch truy cp thng tin v dch v tin li, t nhin hn. Mc d, ni dung thng tin cung cp qua in thoi c thay i so vi cc giao din truyn thng (v d: Mt danh sch y cc ty chn c th xut hin trong cc ng dng trc quan nhng qua in thoi th cc ty chn ny c th gim i).

Mt s ng dng thng mi i hi s tng tc gia khch hng v h thng vi s lng ln, c th tch hp tnh nng tng tc m thanh (h thng IVRs). V d, khch hng c th truy vn thng tin t c s d liu. Tra cu s d ti khon, thng tin d bo thi tit, t gi c phiu hay danh sch cc b phim sp chiu t mt h thng tng tc s dng ting ni (IVRs) ca mt trung tm lin lc (contract center) l nhng v d ph bin ca cc ng dng h tr m thanh. Thng thng loi ng dng ny hng dn khch hng th t cc bc phi lm bng cch pht ra cc ch dn, li nhc thng qua cc tp tin m thanh ghi m trc hoc qua b tng hp ting ni Text-To-Speech nu ni dung khng c nh. Khch hng dng li ni cung cp thng tin cho h thng, h thng x l thng tin, truy xut c s d liu ri gi phn hi thng tin di dng m thanh ti khch hng.

Ngoi vic tra cu thng tin, ng dng dng ny cn c s dng ph bin trong cc giao dch trc tuyn nh mua bn c phiu, chuyn tin gia cc ti khon. Bc u tin, ng dng chng thc khch hng thng qua b x l nh danh v sau s dng cc tp tin m thanh hng dn khch hng cung cp thng tin (v d: ti khon gi v ti khon nhn thc hin thao tc chuyn tin). H thng pht ra nhng ch dn, li nhc v nhng ty chn c ghi m trc hay qua b phn Text-To-Speech v khch hng cng tng tc vi h thng cng bng ging ni t nhin. Mt khi d liu c tp hp v kim tra hp l, h thng thc hin vic chuyn tin v thng bo kt qu cho khch hng.2.2 Th no l mt ng dng m thanh (Voice Application)L ng dng c th thc hin tng tc gia my tnh v con ngi bng m thanh n cung cp cho ngi dng kh nng truy cp thng tin bng m thanh. N c th to nn nhng ng dng thng mi tng tc vi khch hng bng m thanh thay cho tng tc truyn thng bng phm v chut.

ng dng m thanh c th c ci t trn h thng cc b hoc t xa v ngi dng c th tng tc vi h thng bng cc thit b cm tay nh in thoi...

Mt ng dng m thanh tiu biu s gm cc tng tc sau:

Khch hng dng in thoi gi vo h thng, h thng t ng tr li cuc gi ng thi thc thi cc ng dng tng ng khc. ng dng s pht ra cu cho v thng tin cn thit hng dn cho khch hng.

ng dng c th ch p ng trong mt khong thi gian. Ngi gi c th tng tc vi h thng bng cch ni trc tip yu cu hoc c th thc hin thng qua cc phm trn in thoi.

H thng s x l cc yu cu tng ng v hi p cho khch hng. V d, n c th cp nht thng tin trong c s d liu hay truy xut thng tin v pht thng tin cho ngi gi di dng m thanh.

Khch hng c th kt thc cuc gi bt c lc no bng cch gc in thoi hoc ch nh tng tc kt thc(bng phm hay ging ni).

2.3 Khi nim Voice ServerVoice Server l mt nn tng x l m thanh. N l nn tng then cht trong nhiu ng dng m thanh khc nhau nh:

Media Gateway

H thng tr li t ng (IVR)

Hp th / tin nhn thoi (Voice mail/message)

Hi ngh thoi (Audio Conference)

Fax Messaging

Hnh 2.1. M t Voice Server trong vic iu hnh mt yu cu ca khch hngVoice Server cung cp nhng tnh nng x l m thanh mt cch khi qut v tng quan nh l chuyn mch (switching), thu/pht (record/play), nhn tn hiu DTMF (Dual-tone multi-frequency), m thoi v gi/nhn fax. Nhng chc nng khi qut ny cho php ng dng pht trin m khng ph thuc vo mi trng truyn m thanh, phn cng v h iu hnh. N cng c th chuyn i mi trng ng dng t mng truyn thng ny sang mng truyn thng khc mt cch linh hot. V d, t mng TDM (Time-Division Multiplexing) sang VoIP (Voice over IP).

2.4 Cu trc Voice Server

Hnh 2.2. Cc thnh phn ca Voice Server2.4.1 Cng c pht trin ng dngCng c pht trin ng dng ph thuc vo thit b kt ni gia ng dng v h thng in thoi. Mi thit b s cung cp mt tp cc lnh c trng giao tip vi ng dng.

C th hn, h thng m chng ti s xy dng s dng thit b c bn nht l modem c h tr m thanh v cng c dng pht trin ng dng l Telephony API.S dng cc tp lnh trong th vin TAPI 3.0 c cung cp bi h iu hnh Windows tng tc v iu khin thit b, trao i thng tin(tn hiu, m thanh) gia h thng v ngi gi qua h thng in thoi.

2.4.2 B nhn dng ting ni t ng(Automatic Speech Recognition)B nhn dng ting ni thc cht l mt b phn mm t ng chuyn tn hiu ting ni thnh dng vn bn m n v c s ca n l t. Cc t nhn dng c c th l kt qu cui cng cho cc ng dng nh iu khin h thng bng ging ni, tr li in thoi t ng. Chng cng c th l nhng kt qu trung gian, ng vai tr l u vo cho nhng chng trnh x l ngn ng tip theo nh dch my, tm kim thng tin

Hnh 2.3 Qu trnh x l nhn dng ting niNh m t trong hnh 2.3, con ngi s quyt nh chui t nh ni. Sau b phn pht m s sinh ra cc tn hiu ging ni dng sng m. Dng sng m ny l u vo cho thnh phn x l tn hiu s ca h thng nhn dng. Cui cng thnh phn gii m s chuyn cc tn hiu ng m ny sang dng chui t sao cho gn ging vi chui t m ta ni ban u nht.2.4.3 B tng hp ting ni(Text-To-Speech)

B tng hp ting ni l b phn mm chuyn dng chuyn i chui k t thnh m thanh vi ni dung tng ng. Cc ng dng ca tng hp ting ni ang p dng c hiu qu trn mt s lnh vc nh: cc ng dng h tr ngi khim th, h thng tr li t ng

Hnh 2.4 Qu trnh tng hp ting niB tng hp ting ni c 2 mc x l chnh:

Phn tch vn bn (tng hp mc cao): qu trnh x l, chun ho vn bn u vo thnh mt dng chun c th pht m c.

Tng hp ting ni (tng hp mc thp): to ra ting ni t kt qu ca phn phn tch vn bn.2.4.4 B kt ni gia ng dng v h thng in thoiCc thit b nh modem, CTI, Switch, Dialogic Card c s dng trong h thng Voice Server, vi nhim v l kt ni gia ng dng v h thng in thoi.

C th l iu ch sng tn hiu tng t nhau m ha tn hiu s, v gii iu ch tn hiu mang gii m tn hiu s. Mt th d quen thuc nht ca modem bng tng ting ni l chuyn tn hiu s '1' v '0' ca my tnh thnh m thanh m n c th truyn qua dy in thoi ca Plain Old Telephone Systems (POTS), v khi nhn c u kia, n s chuyn m thanh tr v tn hiu '1' v '0'.2.5 H thng tr li in thoi t ngCng ngh CTI (Computer Telephony Integration) ra i gim ng k chi ph nhn cng cho cc dch v tr li thng tin. Trn c s phn cng c kh nng thao tc vi cuc gi nh nhc my, t my, quay s, pht m thanh, ghi li m thanh, chuyn thoi, kt hp vi nhng cng ngh tin tin nh tng hp ting ni, phn tch v nhn dng ting ni, h thng tr li t ng c th thay th rt nhiu nhn vin trc tng i tr li thng tin ph bin qua cc thao tc bm phm s hoc ra lnh bng ging ni.

2.5.1 Khi nim

IVR (Interactive Voice Response) l mth thngmi trong ngnh in thoi, c pht trin trn cng ngh CTI (cng ngh tch hp my tnh v in thoi), dng cung cp thng tin hon ton t ng vi s lng cuc gi ln(ti thiu l ba mi cuc gi vo h thng cng lc).

Hnh 2.5 M hnh h thng IVRH thng IVR cho php khch hng c th truy cp thng tin ca mt t chc thng qua vic s dng bn phm in thoi ni chuyn hoc ni trc tip bng ging ni, v IVR nghe cc phm bm hoc nhn dng ging ni ri c li cho khch hng cc thng tin c yu cu.Nu h thng cn cung cp thng tin ng, thng tin khng c nh th phi s dng b tng hp ting ni(TTS) tng hp thnh cc tp tin m thanh. Nu h thng ch cung cp cc ch dn hay nhng thng tin c nh th ch cn ghi m trc ni dung ri p ng ngi gi. V d, dng tng i Vina 900 trong thc t dng np tin in thoi tr trc cung cp cc ch dn c ghi m trc v nhn cc con s c cung cp t in thoi v sau thao tc vi c s d liu. Nhng nu l h thng cung cp thng tin t gi c phiu m nhm s xy dng vi ni dung lun c cp nht th ngoi cc cu hng dn c ghi m trc, h thng phi s dng thm b phn tng hp ting ni(TTS) tng hp ni dung thay i cung cp cho khch hng.Ly mt v d, mt vi t chc s dng h thng IVR cho php khch hng ly thng tin v ti khon c cp nht ngay thi im hin ti (24 gi trong ngy) m khng phi giao dch trc tip vi mt nhn vin chm sc khch hng no. H thng thng tin t ng s bao gm nhng chc nng nh: l ni nhng thng tin v ti khon khch hng c th c a ra mt cch t ng theo tng lnh vc ph hp vi yu cu ca khch hng. Ngi s dng ch vic chn loi thng tin cn bit v nhn thng tin bng ging ni c ghi m sn hoc qua b TTS (Text-To-Speech) trong h thng.

Cng ngh IVR cng c th c s dng vo mc ch thu thp thng tin, v d nh nhng cuc kho st qua in thoi. Ngi s dng s c hng dn tr li nhng cu hi bng cch nhn phm s trn in thoi hoc thng qua ging ni.2.5.2 Cc dch v in hnh ca IVR

Bu in: Hp th thng tin, hp th thoi, qu tng m nhc, bo thc, bo my hng t ng, bnh chn, d on

1900xxxx: Cc dch v gii tr truyn hnh, tr chi truyn hnh (v d: Hugo), bnh chn ca s, d on kt qu bng qua in thoi v tin nhn SMS.

Ngn hng/Chng khon: Trng thi ti khon, thanh ton, chuyn khon, kch hot ti khon, th tn dng, t gi, li sut.

Vn ti/Hnh khch: Tra cu chuyn, gi v, s gh, t ch.

Quan h khch hng: Nghin cu th trng, iu tra nhu cu tiu dng.

Gio dc/Ngh nghip: ng k tuyn dng, tm vic, ng k nhp hc, thi kha biu, lch thi, im thi, im danh, thng bo, thng tin tr gip.

Bo him: Thng tin chnh sch, danh mc i l, yu cu bo him, thanh ton ph.

Bn hng: t hng, thanh ton bng th tn dng, tra cu thng tin hng, tra cu trng thi t hng v chuyn hng.

2.5.3 Cc u im ca h thng IVR

Gip t ng ha cung cp thng tin, hi p.

M ra knh giao tip khch hng mi mt cch hu hiu.

em li nhiu li ch v doanh thu cho n v s dng.

em li cc gi tr mi, s thun tin v tin ch cho khch hng, nng cao hnh nh thng hiu.

a dng ha cc dch v cung cp thng tin v chm sc khch hng.

Chng 3. C S L THUYT lin kt my tnh v mng in thoi ta cn phi c mt thit b cho php ni ghp hai loi giao thc ny vi nhau. Chng em s dng mt Modem quay s c h tr lp trnh tng tc m thanh kt ni trc tip my tnh v mt ng dy in thoi c nh. Modem giao tip vi my tnh da trn nn tng TAPI (Telephony Application Programming Interface) c Microsoft cung cp cng vi h iu hnh Windows. TAPI dng chia s cc thit b in thoi dng cho cc ng dng chy trn Windows.

Khi ngi dng gi in n h thng, ngi dng c th nhn phm trn in thoi hoc bng ging ni nghe cc thng tin c yu cu. Nu ngi dng s dng cch nhn phm th h thng s nhn tn hiu phm nhn, sau s truy vn c s d liu v ly v cc thng tin cn thit dng chui k t, sau chui k t ny s c M un TTS(Text-To-Speech) chuyn thnh m thanh tr li cho ngi dng. Nu ngi dng s dng ging ni th h thng s chuyn ni dung ghi m c ti M un ASR(Automatic Speech Recognition), M un ASR phn tch, nhn dng ging ni ri chuyn thnh chui k t. Sau , h thng s truy vn c s d liu v ly v thng tin cn thit dng chui k t. Thng qua M un Text-To-Speech chuyn chui k t ny thnh m thanh tr li ngi dng. Trong chng ny chng em s trnh by l thuyt c s v cng ngh TAPI, cng ngh tng hp ging ni.3.1 Cng ngh TAPI3.1.1 TAPI l g?

TAPI (Telephony Application Programming Interface) l mt giao din lp trnh chun c th lm cho bn v my tnh ni chuyn vi nhau qua in thoi. c pht trin bi Microsoft v Intel, TAPI c tch hp trong h iu hnh Windows 95/98 v Windows NT v cc h iu hnh ha sau ny. S dng TAPI, cc lp trnh vin c th tn dng cc h tng h thng in thoi khc nhau bao gm: PSTN (Public Switching Telephone Network), ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) hay PBX (Private Branch Exchange) m khng cn hiu chi tit v chng. Mi nh cung ng phn cng cho h thng in thoi (v d: modem hay ISDN card) cung cp mt driver phn mm t trng tng tc vi phn cng.

TAPI m ra kh nng cho cc ng dng chy trn Windows c th chia s cc thit b truyn thng vi nhau v cung cp kh nng a phng tin trn mt nn tng rng ln ca phn cng.

Phn cng c h tr bao gm card m thanh v ha, modem, ng dy ISDN, mng ATM v my quay phim. Vi chng, bn c th truyn thng qua cc kt ni trc tip n my tnh cc b, ng dy in thoi, mng LANs, mng WANs v c Internet.

Vi vic thc hin v nhn cc cuc gi, chng trnh c th dng TAPI cung cp cc tnh nng truyn thng tin tin nh nh danh ngi gi, nh tuyn cuc gi, th thoi, v hi tho video. Cc chng trnh truyn thng c th nh danh ngi gi, t ng gi li v hin th thng tin ca ngi gi, v thm ch c th u tin hay chuyn hng cuc gi da trn thng tin khch hng.

Vi TAPI, kh nng cung cp cc tiu chun cc chng trnh truyn thng c th iu khin cc tnh nng ca d liu, fax v cc cuc gi tng tc m thanh:

TAPI cung cp tnh nng qun l tt c tn hiu gia my tnh v mng in thoi, bao gm nhng tnh nng c bn nh: quay s, tr li cuc gi v tr hon cuc gi.

TAPI bao gm nhng tnh nng ph tr c tm thy trong tng i, ISDN v cc h thng in thoi khc chng hn nh: gi cuc gi, chuyn hay m thoi

TAPI cung cp kh nng truy cp nhng tnh nng c trng ca bt k nh cung cp dch v no, vi kh nng m rng c xy dng sn cung cp cho mng in thoi cng nh cc tnh nng truyn thng.

TAPI cho php ngi dng thc hin cc cuc gi m thanh v hnh nh qua mng truyn thng da trn giao thc IP(Internet Protocol) s dng giao thc H.323 v m thoi rng ln.

TAPI bao gm QoS(Quality of Service) h tr ci tin cht lng m thoi v kh nng qu l mng.

Cc kh nng trn gip TAPI c th ng nht truyn thng in thoi truyn thng v truyn thng IP, n h tr cc chng trnh lm vic hiu qu trn Internet hay Intranet ging nh trn mng in thoi truyn thng. Hn na, phin bn ca TAPI hin ti cn cung cp kh nng tng thch vi phin bn trc h tr cc chng trnh c xy dng trc y.

ng dng HyperTerminal c cung cp trong h iu hnh Windows v cc kt ni mng l cc chng trnh truyn thng s dng TAPI v chng c cung cp cng vi h Microsoft Window Server 2003. Dch v fax, mt chng trnh truyn thng khc s dng TAPI h tr hu ht cc ty chn c bn.

3.1.2 Lch s pht trin ca TAPIPhin bn TAPI u tin 1.3 c ci t thm trn Windows 3.1 nhng hin nay n khng cn c h tr na mc d ta vn c th tm thy n trn cc a th vin MSDN.

Windows 95 l phin bn Windows u tin tch hp trc tip TAPI vi h iu hnh. Khi pht hnh, Windows 95 h tr TAPI phin bn 1.4 mt phin bn nng cp ca TAPI 1.3. iu khc bit nht ca TAPI 1.4 l h tr vit ra cc ng dng Windows 32 bit.

TAPI 2.0 c gii thiu cng vi Windows NT 4.0. y khng phi l phin bn TAPI u tin h tr nn Windows NT nhng mt s tnh nng tng cng quan trng bao gm h tr ACD v PBX c tch hp thm vo phin bn ny.

Vo khong gia nm 1997, Microsoft gii thiu TAPI 2.1. y l phin bn TAPI u tin h tr c nn Windows 95 v Windows NT/2000. Nu c ci t trn Windows 95 th mt s tnh nng c trng ca Windows NT s khng c TAPI s dng.

TAPI 3.0 c gii thiu vo nm 1999 cng vi Windows 2000, TAPI 3.0 khng h tr Windows 9.x v Windows NT 4.x na. Phin bn ny h tr in thoi trn IP(VoIP) bng cch cung cp cc phng php kt ni hai (dng H.323) hoc nhiu (dng IP Multicast) my tnh vi nhau v by gi n c kh nng truy cp bt k loi phng tin truyn thng no lin quan n vic kt ni.

Windows XP bao gm c TAPI 3.1 v TAPI 2.2. TAPI 3.1 h tr m hnh i tng v cung cp mt tp cc ng dng COM lp trnh ng dng. Phin bn ny s dng thnh phn File Terminals c th ghi v pht tp tin d liu m thanh.3.1.3 TSP l g?TSP (TAPI SERVICE PROVIDERS) l mt trnh iu khin cho php cc ng dng TAPI c th lin lc qua li trn nhiu nn tng phn cng khc nhau. Windows 95 v NT, TSP c gi l Unimodem. Unimodem l mt chun modem c h tr hu ht cc nh dng modem ph bin. Khi s dng cc thit b phn cng TAPI khc nh PBX, cc card x l m thanh th phi s dng TSP do nh sn xut phn cng TAPI cung cp.

3.1.4 Mi quan h gia TSP v phn cng TAPITSP thng dch cc hm TAPI thnh nhng cu lnh m phn cng TAPI c th hiu c, n cng dch cc s kin t phn cng thnh d liu m cc ng dng TAPI c th hiu c. Bi v cc phn cng TAPI khc nhau c th hot ng v h tr cc tnh nng khc nhau, mi TSP h tr cc hm TAPI khc nhau. V d, nu TSP h tr CallerID v modem ang s dng cng h tr CallerID th cc ng dng Windows c th ly thng tin CallerID thng qua TAPI. Tuy nhin, nu c TSP v modem s dng khng h tr CallerID th cc ng dng khng th ly c thng tin CallerID. V vy, nu c vn xy ra hoc mt s th khng hot ng nh ta mong mun th c th do khng c s h tr t phn cng, TSP hay c hai.

3.1.5 Kh nng tng thch ngc v ti ca TAPI v TSP C 3 thnh phn TAPI quyt nh phin bn ang s dng:

Thnh phn u tin l h iu hnh, thnh phn ny ch tng thch ngc ch khng tng thch ti. Nu ta ang s dng h iu hnh ch h tr TAPI 2.0 th cc ng dng TAPI v TSP ca chng ch h tr ti TAPI 2.1 cn cao hn th ng dng s khng hot ng.Tuy nhin, nu h iu hnh h tr TAPI 2.0 v cc ng dng cng vi TSP ca chng h tr TAPI 1.4 th cc ng dng s chy bnh thng.

Thnh phn tip theo l phin bn TSP ang s dng. Khi TSP c np bi TAPI th n s tha hip v phin bn s s dng. V d, mt TSP c th h tr TAPI 1.3 n TAPI 2.1, hay ch h tr TAPI 1.4, hay h tr tt c cc phin bn TAPI. Mt TSP 2.1 khng th ci t c trn mi trng TAPI 1.4 hay TAPI 2.0.

Thnh phn cui l phin bn ca ng dng TAPI. Cng ging nh TSP, cc ng dng TAPI cng s tha hip v phin bn m n s s dng. ng dng c th yu cu phin bn TAPI c hn hay bng phin bn TAPI m h iu hnh h tr khi hot ng. ng dng cng phi tha hip phin bn TAPI s dng vi TSP c ci t.

V d, mt h iu hnh h tr TAPI 2.1 v hai TSP c ci t. Mt TSP h tr phin bn TAPI 2.1 v TSP th hai h tr cc phin bn TAPI t TAPI 1.3 ti TAPI 2.1. Nu ta chy ng dng ch h tr TAPI 1.4 th ng dng s tha hip phin bn vi mt trong hai TSP. ng dng thng s lm vic vi TSP th hai v TSP ny h tr mi phin bn TAPI trong khong t 1.3 ti 2.1, tuy nhin ng dng cng c th lm vic vi TSP th nht. Khi , h iu hnh s dch cc li gi hm TAPI 1.4 ln thnh cc li gi hm TAPI 2.1.3.1.6 Kin trc TAPI

Hnh 3.1 Kin trc TAPITheo s tru tng trn, TAPI nm gia cc ng dng v phn cng. Nu ta thay t TAPI thnh Windows, v thay t TSP thnh thit b iu khin th s trn s l s kin trc Windows.

TSP cung cp nhng tnh nng v nhng dch v c th cho phn cng. Khi mt ng dng yu cu thit b in thoi thc thi mt hnh ng no th TAPI s tm n dch v TSP ca thit b v gi thc hin n. Sau , TSP hon thnh yu cu c gi n.

3.1.7 M hnh ca TAPI 2.x

M hnh thit k TAPI c chia lm hai lnh vc, mi lnh vc c cc li gi TAPI khc nhau ty thuc vo thit b m tng lnh vc s dng:

Cc thit b ng truyn: l m hnh s dng ng truyn vt l in thoi gi v nhn m thanh v d liu gia hai a im.

Cc thit b in thoi: l m hnh thc hin v nhn cuc gi.

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Trong TAPI, cc thit b ng truyn thc cht khng phi l mt ng dy vt l. N nh l mt i tng i din cho mt ng dy vt l. Trong cc hm TAPI cung cp, mt chng trnh c th nm gi nhiu thit b ng truyn, mi thit b ng truyn ny kt ni ti mt ng dy vt l.V d, mt chng trnh TAPI c th thit k cung cp m thanh (gi in thoi), fax, lin kt d liu cho ngi s dng. ng dng s nh danh ba thit b ng truyn. Mt l thit b m thanh, hai l thit b truyn dn fax, ba l thit b gi v nhn d liu thng qua mt modem. Nu my tnh ch c mt ng truyn in thoi vt l, ng dng TAPI s chia s ng truyn ny cho c ba thit b ng truyn. iu ny c gi l quy hoch ng ng truyn.

Hnh 3.2 M hnh thit k TAPIVo mi thi im, ng dng TAPI s khi ng mt thit b ng truyn, n s yu cu ng truyn vt l. Nu ng truyn vt l cha sn sng, mt thng bo s c gi tr v. Trong mt s trng hp, v d nh truyn dn fax, ng dng c th xp hng cc yu cu x l dn dn.

Nu c hai ng truyn sn sng, TAPI s iu khin chng nh chng yu cu. Nu thit b ng truyn th ba lc ny cng gi yu cu th ng dng TAPI s nhn bit rng khng cn ng truyn no ri v s thng bo cho ngi s dng bit.

Phone M hnh ny cho php ngi lp trnh d dng to ra cc my in thoi o. V d, mt my tnh vi mt card m thanh, loa v microphone c th thc hin c tt c cc chc nng ca mt in thoi bn. Nhng in thoi o ny cng ging nh cc thit b ng truyn, tc l khng cn c s tng quan 1-1 vi ng truyn vt l. Mt my tnh c th c nhiu thit b in thoi, mi thit b in thoi c c im ring. Khi mt cuc gi thc s c yu cu, ngi s dng c th la chn mt trong cc thit b in thoi, g s in thoi v sau ng dng TAPI s gn thit b in thoi vi mt thit b ng truyn sn c.3.1.8 TAPI 3.0 v cc ci tin so vi TAPI 2.x

Tapi 3.0 l th h tip theo ca Microsoft Telephony API c pht hnh cng vi h iu hnh Windows NT@ 5.0. N c mt s im khc bit so vi TAPI 2.1. Th nht l tp giao din COM (COM interface) so vi nhng th tc C API. Cc giao din ny cho php nhng nh pht trin vit ra nhng ng dng TAPI 3.0 trong visual Basic v Java cng nh l C/C++. Th hai, n h tr thm b iu khin truyn thng, bn c th iu hnh vic pht v thu m nhng thng ip m thanh, v ci tin quan trng cui cng l TAPI 3.0 h tr cho giao thc IP, iu ny c mt ngha v cng quan trng trong tuyn thng qua in thoi.

3.1.8.1 Kin trc TAPI 3.0

Hnh 3.3 Kin trc TAPI 3.0Hnh trn th hin chi tit kin trc ca TAPI 3.0, phn mu xanh gm: TAPI32.dll, Tapisrv.exe v Unimodem l nhng thnh phn telephony m tn ti trong Window 98 v Window NT 4.0. Tapi32.dll cung cp tt c cc hm TAPI 2.1 v c gi bi bt c ng dng TAPI 2.x. Tapisrv.exe l ct li ca Windows telephony l tp tin thc thi trn Windows 98 v l mt tin trnh dch v trn Windows NT. Tapi32.dll c mt giao din cho Tapisrv.exe iu hnh tt c nhng yu cu. Tapisrv.exe x l nhng yu cu v chuyn chng n b phn cung cp dch v TAPI nu cn thit.

TSPs l tng ng vi drivers ca thit b, chng iu khin truyn thng phn cng. Unimodem l mt TSP cung cp bi Microsoft h tr bt k loi modem no. Nh cung cp thit b in thoi c th vit TSPs ring m c tch hp bn di Tapisrv.exe h tr phn cng.

Phn mu vng m t nhng thnh phn mi cho telephony m c tch hp cho Windows NT. Chng l Tapi3.dll, ba tp giao din COM(Call Control, Media Control, Directory Control), hai TSPs mi h tr truyn thng qua IP(H.323 v IP Multicast), ba Media Stream Providers(MSPs), b qun l thit b u cui (Terminal Manager) v DirectShowTM Tapi3.dll l ct li ca TAPI 3.0 truyn thng vi Tapisrv.exe thng qua cng giao din c s dng bi Tapi32.dll. Tht ra, Tapisrv.exe khng bit s khc nhau gia TAPI3.dll v TAPI32.dll. TAPI 3.0 m bo s tng thch vi b cung cp dch v TAPI 2.x ang tn ti bng cch s dng cng mt khi nim tru tng trong giao din vi Tapisrv.exe.

MSPs cung cp cc lung truyn thng trn cc cuc gi c iu hnh qua TAPI. TAPI 3.0 cung cp mt giao din lp trnh ng nht cho nhng b iu khin cuc gi v truyn thng. Sau n chuyn tt c cc yu cu iu khin cuc gi n TSP v tt c cc yu cu iu khin truyn thng cho MSP. Kin trc ca MSP ging vi kin trc giao din ca b cung cp dch v TAPI 2.x (mt s m rng ca TSP m c gi trong qu trnh x l ca ng dng). TSP gi TAPI thng qua mt tnh nng mi l TSPI(Telephony Service Provider Interface) m c mt MSP tng ng. TAPI 3.0 cng cung cp cch thc truyn thng gia MSP v TSP thng qua mt phin lm vic.

Termmgr.dll (Terminal Manager) l mt thnh phn mi ca TAPI 3.0 l mt thnh phn tr gip cho MSPs, n s dng DirectShowTM tm tt c thit b hin din trn my tnh v sau to ra i tng u cui TAPI 3.0 (Terminal) tng ng vi thit b .

3.1.8.2 Tnh nng mi ca TAPI 3.0

TAPI truyn thng c mt m hnh cuc gi mt bn, iu ny c ngha l mt cuc gi trong TAPI i din cho nhng im ch ca mt kt ni, v d, nu mt ngi A gi ngi B, th n c m t trong TAPI nh hai cuc gi im ch ca cuc gi ngi A v im ch ca cuc gi ngi B. Ni mt ci tng qut mt cuc hi thoi vi n ngi tham gia s c i din bi n cuc gi. Trong TAPI 3.0 cng kt hp thm mt m hnh cuc gi bn th ba n m hnh mt bn.Trong m hnh bn th ba mt ng dng truyn thng ginh ly mt ci nhn tng qut ca tt c cc im ch c lin quan trong mt kt ni. i tng CallHub m t iu ny trong m hnh i tng TAPI 3.0. Nu c mt cuc gi t ngi A n ngi B s c mt i tng CallHub th hin kt ni cng nh hai i tng Call, mi i tng cho mt im ch.

Kiu Address nh ngha cc kiu chui m TSP c th chp nhn khi quay s mt cuc gi. Trong phin bn trc ca TAPI, tt c chui c th quay s c xem nh l s in thoi. Tuy nhin vi truyn thng IP th TSP c th h tr nhng nh dng khc nhau ca chui ny, chng hn nh a ch IP, a ch mail, hay tn my tnh. TAPI 3.0 nh ngha nm loi a ch:

Hnh 3.4 Cc loi a ch ca TAPI 3.0Bn c th truy vn nhng loi a ch m mt TSP h tr, bi v mt TSP c th h tr nhiu loi a ch khc nhau, mt ng dng phi xc nh loi a ch ca chui quay s m n ang dng.

Hnh 3.5 Phng thc truy vn loi a ch ca TSP Khi mt ng dng gi phng thc ny th n cung cp c a ch ch v c c t nh dng ca a ch ny. Bt k phng thc no trong TAPI 3.0 ly c a ch ch th cng c c loi a ch tng ng. ng dng cn bit giao thc no c thit b h tr v API cung cp mt giao thc bit c giao thc ny. Mi thit b TAPI h tr mt giao thc n.

Hnh 3.6 Cc giao thc ca TAPI 3.0 y l cc giao thc c nh ngha cho TAPI 3.0 hin ti: PSTN(Public Switch Telephone Network), H.323 v multicast conferencing. Nu mt ng dng ch quan tm H.323, n c th tm thy d dng thit b s dng. TAPI 3.0 cho php mt cuc gi h tr nhiu ch truyn thng cng lc. Trong phin bn TAPI trc, mt cuc gi c th ch c mt ch truyn thng v c TSPs v ng dng u s dng hng s LINMEDIAMODE_XXX. Trong TAPI 3.0 ng dng s dng hng s mi TAPIMEDIAMODE_XXX v mt TSP c th ch nh cuc gi c nhiu hn mt ch truyn thng (media modes). V d, nu cuc gi c c m thanh v hnh nh th TSP c th bo co c LINEMEDIAMODE_INTERACTIVEVOICE v LINEMEDIAMODE_VIDEO trong cu trc LINECALLINFO. Tng i in thoi c h tr trong TAPI 2.0 mc gii thiu v c ci tin trong phin bn 3.0 vi nhng tnh nng chun nh trm, phin, nhm v hng i.

3.1.8.3 iu khin truyn thngMt trong nhng ci tin chnh ca TAPI 3.0 l c thm cc iu khin truyn thng MC(Media Control), n cung cp mt cch thc cho TSPs iu khin ng dng thng qua cc lung truyn thng MS(Media Stream). Trong phin bn trc ca TAPI, mt TSP h tr MC s thc thi mt thit b sng cho php truy cp n MS ca n. TAPI cung cp mt cch thc cho ng dng nhn nh danh ca thit b sng nhng sau n s chuyn n ng dng iu hnh MC s dng API a truyn thng, v ng dng phi bit TSP c mt thit b sng(thit b h tr truyn thng qua tp tin .wav). Nu mt m hnh lung n cng lc th TSPs khng th s dng n cho n khi ng dng c cp nht li lm vic vi m hnh mi. D nhin, ng dng s khng bao gi c cp nht tr khi TSP h tr m hnh mi ny. Kin trc ny lm cho ng dng ch lm vic tt vi mt hay rt t cc TSPs. V l do , Microsft tch hp MS vo trong TAPI 3.0 qua i tng Terminal. Microsoft tru tng ha nhng tc v lung truyn thng ph bin v to ra cc giao din Terminal cho cc tc v . Giao din COM m t mt lin h gia vic thc thi MS v ng dng MC trong ng dng s lm vic qua nhiu TSPs khc nhau.

3.1.8.4 Giao din COM ci tin

TAPI 3.0 l phin bn u tin ca TAPI s dng COM. Phin bn trc, TAPI truyn thng tin qua cu trc chiu di bin m c th gy phin phc khi s dng cc ngn ng nh Visual Basic. Mt giao din COM lm cho TAPI c th c lp trnh vi Visual Basic, VBScript, Java v JScript cng nh C v C++. Bn s thy TAPI 3.0 c thit k vi kh nng t ng ti a.Th nht, TAPI 3.0 s dng cc bin tng thch mt cch t ng. C th thy kiu ging nh: VARIANT_BOOLs v BSTRs nhng s khng c cu trc. iu ny s c th l mt im mi vi nhng ai quen vi TAPI 2.x.

Th hai, TAPI 3.0 m bo tnh tng thch mt cch t ng qua nhng phng thc song song mt phng thc cho C/C++ v mt cho ngn ng script. Mt phng thc song song cho vic nhn mt i tng Collection m s lm thch th nhng ai pht trin ng dng trn Visual Basic.

Cui cng TAPI 3.0 m bo tnh tng thch mt cch t ng bng cch s dng s kt ni im COM. Tt c nhng s kin TAPI c iu hnh qua mt giao din callback n. Microsoft ang xem xt mt ty chn cho phin bn TAPI mi trong tng lai m s cho ng dng lng nghe trn s kin hn l s dng callbacks.

3.1.8.5 M hnh i tng ca TAPI 3.0

Hnh 3.7 M hnh i tng ch yu ca TAPI 3.0y l m hnh ct li ca TAPI 3.0, c nm i tng ct li l: TAPI, Address, Call, Terminal v CallHub. Ngoi ra cn c thm cc i tng cho ng dng cuc gi trung tm API. i tng TAPI l ng dn vo ng dng TAPI 3.0. N c to qua CoCreateInstance. T i tng TAPI, mt ng dng c th m cc i tng a ch. i tng a ch p ng cho thit b h tr TAPI 2.x c dng thc hin hay nhn cuc gi. ng dng c th tm kim kh nng ca mi i tng a ch quyt nh l ng dng s s dng a ch no. V d, mt ng dng c th ch quan tm ti nhng a ch h tr giao thc H.323. Trong trng hp ny ng dng s m tt c a ch ny t i tng TAPI(i tng TAPI gi tt c cc a ch trn my) sau truy xut giao thc ca tng a ch tm ra a ch h tr giao thc H.323.

i tng a ch s hu i tng cuc gi. i tng Call c to t ng dng hay chnh xc t TSP. Ni chung, mt ng dng to ra cuc gi ra bn ngoi v TSP chu trch nhim nhn cuc gi. i tng Address cng s hu nhng i tng Terminal, cc Terminal cho ng dng chn loi v thit b truyn thng no s c s dng trn cuc gi. Trn mt my tnh vi mt card m thanh s c nhng i tng Terminal tng ng vi loa v tai nghe. ng dng c th chn nhng thit b u cui ny trn cuc gi ch nh chng l ngun trn cuc gi.

Ch rng trong khi nhng i tng Terminal l ging nhau trong phin bn TAPI trc, chng khng c dn xut t nhng Terminal ny (TAPI 2.x).3.2 H thng tng hp ting ni TTS (Text-To-Speech)3.2.1 Gii thiu v h thng tng hp ting ni3.2.1.1 Khi nim

H thng Text-To-Speech (TTS) l mt h thng chuyn i vn bn th v dng ting ni. H thng TTS in hnh gm hai phn: phn x l vn bn v phn tng hp ting ni. Nhim v ca phn x l vn bn l x l vn bn th u vo (c th l ch vit tay, ch tng hnh, hay l mt dng ngn ng no ) thnh cc ng m bao gm chui cc m v v mt s thng tin ng iu, khong thi gian v trng m. Phn tng hp ting ni da trn cc thng tin v ng m v ng iu c c t to ra m thanh ph hp nht.

Hnh 3.8 H thng Text-To-Speech n gin

3.2.1.2 Cc hng tip cn trong tng hp ting ni

Hai tnh cht quan trng ca cht lng h thng tng hp ging ni l mc t nhin v mc d nghe. Mc t nhin ca ging ni tng hp l s ging nhau gia ging tng hp v ging ni t nhin ca ngi tht. Mc d nghe l vic cu pht m c th hiu c d dng. Mt my tng hp ging ni l tng cn va t nhin va d hiu, v mc tiu xy dng my tng hp ging ni l lm gia tng n mc ti a hai tnh cht ny. Mt s h thng thin v mc d nghe hn, hoc mc t nhin hn; ty thuc vo mc ch m cng ngh la chn. C hai cng ngh chnh c dng l tng hp bng phng php ghp ni v tng hp Formant da trn lut, ngoi ra cng c mt s phng php khc.

Tng hp bng phng php ghp ni: Tng hp ghp ni da trn vic ni vo nhau cc on ca mt ging ni c ghi m. Thng thng, tng hp ghp ni i hi b nh lu tr ln nhng to ra ging ni tng i t nhin. Tuy nhin, ging ni t nhin c ghi m c s thay i t ln pht m ny sang ln pht m khc, v cng ngh thc hin ghp ni t ng cc on ca sng m thnh thong to ra nhng ting c xt khng t nhin phn ghp ni. C ba kiu tng hp ghp ni. Tng hp la chn n v: Dng mt c s d liu ln cc ging ni ghi m (thng thng di hn mt gi ng h ghi m). Trong qu trnh ghi m, mi cu c tch ra thnh cc n v nh hn nh: cc m tit, hnh v, t, cm t, cu vn. Thng thng vic phn tch nh vy cn dng n b phn tch ting ni t ch so khp vn bn vit tng ng vi on ghi m, v s dng n cc c trng song m v ph m thanh. Mt bng tra cc n v trong c s d liu m thanh c to ra da trn cc phn on tch v cc thng s m hc nh tn s c bn, di pht m, v tr ca m tit v cc m tit gn . Khi chy, cc cu pht biu c to ra bng cch xc nh chui n v ph hp nht t c s d liu. Qu trnh ny gi l qu trnh chn n v, v thng dng n cy quyt nh thc hin. Tng hp m kp (diphones): Tng hp m kp dng mt c s d liu ging ni nh cha tt c cc m kp (phn chuyn tip m thanh gia hai t k cn nhau) xut hin trong ngn ng ang xt. S lng m kp ph thuc vo c tnh ni ghp m hc ca tng ngn ng. V d, ting Ty Ban Nha c 800 m kp, ting c c 2500. Trong tng hp m kp, mi m kp c mt v ch mt, c cha trong c s d liu. Khi chy, ng iu ca cu vn ch c chng ln trn cc n v ti thiu ny bng k thut x l tn hiu s nh PSOLA hay MBROLA.

PSOLA (Pitch Synchronous Overlap Add) l phng php tng hp da trn s phn tch mt tn hiu thnh mt chui cc tn hiu thnh phn. Khi cng xp chng (overlap-add) cc tn hiu thnh phn ta c th khi phc li tn hiu ban u.

PSOLA thao tc trc tip vi tn hiu dng sng, khng dng bt c loi m hnh no nn khng lm mt thng tin ca tn hiu. PSOLA cho php iu khin c lp tn s c bn, chu k c bn v cc formant ca tn hiu. u im chnh ca phng php PSOLA l gi nguyn ng bao ph khi thay i tn s c bn (pitch shifting). Phng php ny cho php bin i tn hiu ngay trn min thi gian nn chi ph tnh ton rt thp. PSOLA c dng rt ph bin vi tn hiu ting ni.

Cc phin bn ca PSOLA:

TD-PSOLA (Time Domain- Pitch Synchronous Overlap Add) l phin bn min thi gian ca PSOLA (TD-PSOLA). Phng php ny thao tc vi tn hiu trn min thi gian nn c s dng nhiu v hiu qu trong tnh ton ca n.

FD-PSOLA (Frequency Domain- Pitch Synchronous Overlap Add) l phng php bao gm cc bc ging nh TD-PSOLA nhng thao tc trn min tn s. Phng php ny c chi ph tnh ton cao hn TD-PSOLA. i vi mi trng hp ring bit th mi phng php s cho hiu qu khc nhau, nn phi da vo tng hon cnh chn phng php thch hp.

LP-PSOLA (Linear PredictionPitch Synchronous Overlap Add). Phng php d on tuyn tnh c thit k m ho ting ni nhng phng php ny cng c th dng cho tng hp.

Cht lng ca m thanh tng hp theo cch ny thng khng cao bng phng php chn n v nhng t nhin hn tng hp Formant.

Tng hp m kp to ra cc ting c xt phn ghp ni v i khi ging ni kiu Robot do cc k thut x l tn hiu s gy ra. Li th ca phng php ny l kch thc c s d liu nh. Cc ng dng thng mi ca phng php ny ang t dn, mc d n vn tip tc c s dng trong nghin cu v c phn pht t do.

Tng hp chuyn ngnh (domain- specific synthesis): Tng hp chuyn ngnh thc hin ghp ni cc t v cm t c ghi m trc to ra cu vn hon chnh. N c dng trong cc ng dng c cc vn bn chuyn bit cho mt chuyn ngnh, s dng lng t vng hn ch, nh cc thng bo chuyn bay hay d bo thi tit.K thut ny c thit k rt n gin, v c s dng trong thng mi mt thi gian di, v cng c dng trong cc thit b nh ng h bit ni, my tnh b ti bit ni. Mc t nhin ca h thng ny rt cao v s lng cc cu ni khng nhiu v chng gn nh khp vi li vn v ng iu ca ging ni ghi m. Tuy nhin, cc h thng ny b hn ch bi c s d liu chuyn ngnh, khng phc v cho mi mc ch m ch hot ng vi cc cu ni m chng c lp trnh sn. Tng hp Formant: Tng hp cng hng tn s khng s dng bt c mu ging tht no khi chy. Thay vo , tn hiu m thanh to ra da trn mt m hnh m thanh. Cc thng s nh tn s c bn, cch pht m, v mc nhiu c thay i theo thi gian to ra dng sng m cho ging ni nhn to. Phng php ny i khi cn gi l tng hp da trn lut, mc d nhiu h thng ghp ni mu m thanh cng c dng cc thnh phn da trn lut.Phng php tng hp Formant (Formant synthesis) yu cu phi tng hp c ti thiu 3 formant hiu c ting ni, v c c ting ni cht lng cao th cn ti 5 formant. Ting ni c to ra t cc b tng hp Formant vi thnh phn chnh l cc b cng hng. Ty theo cch b tr cc b cng hng m ta c b tng hp Formant l ni tip hay song song. B tng hp Formant ni tip: b tng hp Formant ni tip l mt b tng hp formant c cc tng ni tip, u ra ca b cng hng ny l u vo ca b cng hng kia.

B tng hp Formant song song: bao gm cc b cng hng mc song song. u ra l kt hp ca tn hiu ngun v tt c cc formant. Cu trc song song cn nhiu thng tin iu khin hn.

Nhiu h thng da trn tng hp Formant to ra ging ni nhn to, nh ging rbt, khng t nhin v phn bit r rng vi ging ngi tht. Tuy nhin t nhin cao khng phi lc no cng l mc ch ca h thng tng hp ting ni v h thng tng hp Formant cng c cc u im ring ca n.

H thng ny ni kh d nghe, ngay c tc cao, khng c ting c xt do ghp m to ra. Cc h thng ny hot ng tc cao, c th hng dn ngi khim th d dm nhanh chng trn my tnh, bng cch c to nhng g hin ra trn mn hnh. Cc h thng ny cng nh gn hn cc h thng ghp ni m, v khng phi cha c s d liu mu m thanh ln. N c th dng trong cc h thng nhng khi b nh v tc x l c hn. H thng ny cng c kh nng iu khin mi kha cnh ca tn hiu m thanh i ra, nn n c th cho ra nhiu ng iu v ng m khc nhau, v khng ch th hin c cu pht biu thng thng hay cu hi, m c cc trng thi tnh cm thng qua m iu ca ging ni.

Tng hp m phng cch pht m (Articulatory): Phng php m phng h thng pht m (Articulatory synthesis) c gng m phng h thng pht m ca con ngi mt cch hon ho nht, do c th t ti cht lng cao trong tng hp ting ni. Nhng cng chnh v vy m phng php ny kh c th thc hin c, v vic m phng h thng pht m ca con ngi rt kh thc hin.M hnh tng hp m phng cch pht m tng ch l h thng ginh cho nghin cu khoa hc cho mi n nhng nm gn y. L do l rt t m hnh to ra m thanh cht lng cao hoc c th chy hiu qu trn cc ng dng thng mi. Mt ngoi l l h thng da trn NeXT, vn c pht trin v thng mi ha bi Trillium Sound Research Inc, mt cng ty tch t i hc Calgary ni cc nghin cu ban u c thc hin. H thng ny c thng mi ha ln u tin nm 1994, to ra mt my tng hp ging ni da trn m phng cch pht m hon chnh, s dng m hnh ng dn sng tng ng vi c quan pht m ca ngi.

Tng hp da trn HMM (Hide Markov Model): Tng hp da trn HMM Hidden Markov Model l mt phng php da vo m hnh Markov n. Trong h thng ny, ph tn s ca ging ni, tn s c bn v di pht m mt t u c m phng cng lc bi HMM. Dng sng ca ging ni c to t m hnh Markov n da trn tiu ch kh nng cc i (Maximum Likelihood Criterian). Tng hp lai (SinWave): Cc h thng tng hp lai kt hp cc yu t ca tng hp Formant vi tng hp ghp ni gim thiu cc ting c xt khi ghp ni cc on m thanh. Mt v d l RecSimCat, pht trin bi Shakti Singh Parmar c th to ra ging d nghe v t nhin.3.2.1.3 Cc ng dng ca tng hp ting ni

Kh nng ng dng ca h thng tng hp ting ni ln v cho nhiu lnh vc nh: truyn thng, t ng ha, gio dc.

Vi truyn thng, h thng c th c p dng trong cc ng dng truy vn thng tin qua tng i in thoi. Khi yu cu ca ngi dng s c h thng tip nhn v x l thnh dng vn bn. Thng tin ny s c h thng chuyn thnh dng m thanh v tr v cho ngi dng. Cc h thng ny c kh nng ng dng cao do qu trnh x l hon ton t ng, c th hot ng lin tc, p ng c nhu cu v thng tin ca ngi dng, c bit l cc thng tin nng, cp nht.Trong lnh vc t ng ha, h thng c th c tch hp vi h thng nh v GPS cho cc ng dng tm ng i, gn trn xe hi cung cp ch dn dng m thanh, hn ch vic li xe phi lin tc theo di mn hnh GPS.

Cng ngh tng hp ting ni cng c s dng trong cc h thng dch ting ni. Ngoi ra, nhng ngi khim th c th s dng h thng ny cp nht kin thc, tin tc thi s, gip h ha nhp tt vi x hi.

3.2.1.4 Cch tip cn ca nhm

Da vo tng mc ch c th ca cc h thng m ta c th chn ra phng php tng hp ting ni ph hp. Vi mc tiu ca ti, nhm chn cch tip cn tng hp bng phng php ghp ni. C th hn l phng php la chn n v (Unit Selection).

to ra cht lng m thanh tt, tng n gin l lu tr s lng ln nhng phn on m thanh ca ting ni con ngi trong c s d liu v trong qu trnh tng hp, ni tt c cc phn on m thanh cn thit li vi nhau m khng c bt c s iu chnh no cho cc unit. Cng nhiu phn on c chn la kt ni, cng to ra m thanh t nhin hn. Vi s pht trin ca phn cng, s dng tp d liu m thanh ln, vic tng hp cc n v m thanh bng cch kt ni trc tip l rt hiu qu.3.2.2 Phn tch vn bn3.2.2.1 Cc vn trong phn tch vn bn

Vn tch cu: Nhiu thut ton ca h thng Text-To-Speech lm vic vi duy nht mt cu ti mt thi im. Mi cu u c lp vi nhau. Trong khi cc n v ngn ng nh hn nh t, m tit li b nh hng bi cc t, m tit pha trc hoc sau n trong vn bn. D liu u vo ca h thng Text-To-Speech khng nht thit l mt cu. Trong nhiu trng hp chng ta nhn c mt ti liu c cha rt nhiu cu. Do nhim v ca tch cu l lm th no tch mt vn bn th thnh tp cc cu. Cu l mt n v ngn ng gm tp cc k t c kt thc bng du ., !, ?.Thut gii tch cu:

Bc 0: To danh sch rng cha tp cu.

Bc 1: Bt u t k t u cu .

Bc 2: Duyt qua cc k t k tip trong vn bn tm cc k t ., ?, !.

Bc 3: Xem cc k t ., ?, ! va tm c bc 2 c phi l cc k t kt thc cu ang xt hay khng. Nu c th qua bc 4, ngc li quay li bc 2.

Bc 4: a cu tm c vo danh sch to bc 0. Nu ht vn bn th kt thc thut gii, ngc li quay li bc 1.

Yu t chnh ca thut gii l lm sao bit c cc k t ., ?, ! c kt thc cu hay khng. V d, mt du chm cu c th biu din nh l du phn cch ngy thng, s thp phn.

Xt v d: Tnh n thi im hin ti ch s VN-Index l 34.5 im.

Vn tch t: T mt vn bn ban u ta s da vo cc khong trng trong vn bn tch ra thnh cc chui con nh hn. Tuy nhin nhng chui con ny c th l mt t cng c th l nhiu t gp li. Chnh v vy, sau khi tch vn bn theo khong trng ta cn phi lm mt bc na xc nh xem chui c phi l mt t hay khng. Trong trng hp nhiu t gp li th ta phi tch n ra.Thut ton tch t:

Bc 0: To ra danh sch rng dng cha cc t.

Bc 1: Bt u k t u tin.

Bc 2: Duyt qua cc k t k tip trong vn bn. Xem xt mi k t hin ti v k t ng sau n tm cc k t kt thc t.

Bc 3: Nu l k t kt thc t th qua bc 4 ngc li quay li bc 2.

Bc 4: Thm t va tm c vo danh sch to bc 0. Nu ht cu th kt thc thut gii, ngc li quay li bc 1. Vn v ch s v k hiu: Trong vn bn u vo ca mt h thng TTS khng phi lc no cng c nh dng theo mt tiu ch nht nh no . u tin l kh khn trong vic x l cc ch s, ch s c s dng rng ri vi nhiu vai tr nh s, ngy thng, gi tr o c, biu thc ton hcVic chuyn i c nhiu phc tp do s nhp nhng gia cc trng hp.V d: 3-3 th n c th l ngy 3 thng 3 theo kiu ngy thng, cn nu t s trn u th li l ba ba. Cc k t, k hiu $,%,&,-,+ phi c chuyn thnh dng vit y tng ng.Do c im ca vn nn khng th c mt thut ton tng qut m chng ta phi s dng phng php thng k.

Trc ht thng k cc dng xut hin ca s trong vn bn. Phng php thng k:

Tm v tr xut hin ca cc chui s trong vn bn.

Trch rt cc thng tin trc v sau ca chui s tm c.

Loi b cc trng hp tng ng nhau cui cng c th phn lp cc trng hp xut hin ca chui s.

Sau xy dng nh x bin i chui s sang dng vn bn cho mi trng hp.

Vn t vit tt, t nc ngoi v t sai chnh t: Vn bn u vo c th cha tt c cc trng hp: t vit tt, t sai chnh t, t nc ngoi; lm sao c th phn bit c chng. Ch c mt cch duy nht l kim tra th cng. Thng k tt c cc ch khng nm trong t in v d th cng tin hnh phn loi chng. Do s lng t nh th rt ln nn cng on ny rt tn km v tn nhiu thi gian.3.2.2.2 Cc phng php x l vn bn trong bi ton c th Vn tch cu:

Lm sao phn bit c du . ca ch s thp phn v du . kt thc cu.

Gii php:

Thng k s xut hin ca cc k t ni trn trong vn bn. Phn lp cc trng hp xut hin ca cc k t ni trn.

Xt s xut hin ca cc k t thuc v lp trng hp no m quyt nh c phi l k t kt thc cu hay khng.

Chng ta c th phn lp cc trng hp xut hin bng cch s dng Heuristics: xt cc k t trc v sau du chm cu suy lun ra ngh s dng ca du chm cu (kt thc cu, hay trng hp khc).

Cc lp trng hp pht hin c:

S thp phn (2.12)

Du chm kt thc cu.

Vn tch t: Thng k cc trng hp xut hin ca t trong vn bn. Sau a ra cc tiu chun tch t.Tiu chun tch t:

Tch t theo khong trng.

Tch t theo cc du cu (. , ? !)

Tch t khi c k t thay i t nhm ny sang nhm khc

Vn ch s v k hiu: Lm sao phn bit c du . ca ch s thp phn v du . kt thc cu. Gii php:

Thng k s xut hin ca cc k t ni trn trong vn bn. Phn lp cc trng hp xut hin ca cc k t ni trn.

Xt s xut hin ca cc k t thuc v lp trng hp no m quyt nh c phi l k t kt thc cu hay khng.

Chng ta c th phn lp cc trng hp xut hin bng cch s dng Heuristics: xt cc k t trc v sau du chm cu suy lun ra ngh s dng ca du chm cu (kt thc cu, hay trng hp khc).

Cc lp trng hp pht hin c:

S thp phn (2.12)

Du chm kt thc cu.3.2.3 Tng hp bng phng php ghp ni3.2.3.1 Gii thiu

Tng hp m thanh bng phng php ghp ni-la chn n v (Unit Selection): l phng php tng hp m thanh bng cch ghp ni cc n v m thanh nh c thu m trc. Vn bn u vo sau khi c chun ha cn phi c tch ra thnh cc cm t, ri tin hnh chn cc cm t trong cc tp tin m thanh ghp li vi nhau.

Cc n v m thanh c th l mt cu, mt cm t, mt t. Phng php ny cho ra m thanh c cht lng tng i tt nhng i hi khng gian lu tr phi ln cha c cc phn an m thanh.

Quy trnh tng hp ghp ni la chn n v gm 2 bc chnh v c m t chi tit nh hnh minh ho bn di:

Xy dng c s d liu m thanh.

Tm kim n v m thanh ph hp nht da trn vic tnh ton chi ph.

Hnh 3.9 Quy trnh tng hp bng phng php ghp ni-la chn n v3.2.3.2 Xy dng kho d liu

Kho d liu m nhm s dng c k tha t kho d liu ca nhm nghin cu ting ni phng Nam. Kho d liu hin nay ph gn ht b t vng ting Vit. Kt qu thu c l khong 60 gi ting ni.

Mt cu sau khi thu m s l mt dy m thanh lin tc. Vn t ra l lm sao ly ra ng v tr mt cm t bn trong . gii quyt iu ny chng ta cn phi phn on n thnh nhng khong tng ng vi mi t bn trong.

3.2.3.3 Chn la cm t thch hp nht

nh ngha mt Unit: Thng thng mt Unit c nh ngha l mt phone hay mt diphone, nhng vi phng php phn on m thanh ci tin th mt Unit l mt cm t. Cm t ny s c ng iu theo tng ng cnh ring bit v lm gim cc mi ni ghp khi thc hin ni ghp cc Unit.

M hnh Unit Selection: M hnh Unit Selection c mt c s d liu lu tr cc unit c t chc tt. C s d liu ny cha cc n v m thanh c rt trch t mt tp corpus ln, c thit k cn thn c th ph ht tt c cc bin th ng m v ng iu ca mi n v. Tp d liu m thanh ln c phn tch offline v tt c cc c trng c tnh ton v c lu tr trong mt c s d liu unit.Trong c s d liu, mi th hin ca mt unit c m t bi mt vector c trng. Cc c trng m t bn cht ca unit v ng cnh ca unit .

Tng hp ni ghp da trn tp d liu l mt qu trnh i snh mu. Trong qu trnh tng hp, cng vic cn lm l la chn nhng unit tt nht v mt ng m v ng iu vi cc unit ch. tha mn yu cu ny, hai chi ph c nh ngha trong qu trnh tng hp l Unit Cost v Connection Cost. Unit Cost m t unit c la chn gn khp vi unit mong mun nh th no. Connection Cost m t mc lin tc gia cc unit c la chn. Chi ph tng cng l tng cc trng ca hai loi chi ph ny.

Qui trnh Unit Selection: Qu trnh chn la unit l tm ra mt con ng tt nht trong nhiu con ng kt ni gia cc unit. Qu trnh tm kim c tnh ton bi mt hm tnh chi ph, m t mc thch hp ca mt unit v mc trn gia hai unit.Qu trnh la chn unit c th c minh ha trong hnh bn di. Trong hnh, cu mong i l Dch v cung cp thng tin t gi c phiu c phn tch thnh cc cm t nh sau : Dch v

cung cp

thng tin

t gi

c phiu

Hnh 3.10 Minh ha qu trnh chn cm t thch hp

nh ngha hm tnh chi ph: Hm tnh chi ph m t mc m cc n v c chn lch so vi cc n v mong mun. Hm tnh chi ph bao gm unit cost v connection cost: unit cost ch yu cp n cht lng ca unit, trong khi connection cost li cp n hiu qu ni kt khp gia hai unit c chn. Unit cost m t khong cch gia unit c chn vi unit m chng ta mong i. Trong vic chn la cc unit, u tin chng ta la chn cc unit khp tng t mt vi cc unit mong i. Trong trng hp l tng, chng ta tm thy cc cm t c cng ng cnh ni li vi nhau. Unit cost c tnh ton bng cch so snh cc c trng tng ng ca mt hoc mt dy cc unit, c minh ho hnh 3.10. Trong hnh Ti l unit mc tiu, Vi l unit c la chn.Chi ph con ca unit c hai loi: chi ph ng m v chi ph ng iu

Chi ph ng m: CtoneContext - nh ngha chi ph da vo s khng khp v du gia t pha trc v pha sau t ang xt so vi t pha trc v pha sau t c chn trong tp d liu so snh. Trong ting Vit c 6 du (sc, huyn, hi, ng, nng, thanh ngang)V d: Xt t th:

th trng l cm t m chng ta mong i th yu l cm t c c trong kho d liu

trng mang du huyn, trong khi ch yu mang du sc. Nn xem l chng khng khp v du.

Quy nh:

Khng cng du : 1

Cng du : 0CPronContext: nh ngha chi ph da vo s khng khp v du m gia t pha trc v t pha sau ca t ang xt so vi t pha trc v pha sau ca t c chn trong tp d liu so snh. l chi ph bin i mt t ban u v t m chng ta mong i.Qu trnh bin i ny bao gm 3 loi bin i chnh:

Thm (ins) Thay th (rep)

Xo (del)

Chi ph ng iu :

CBeak: nh ngha chi ph da vo s khng khp v khong ngt trc v sau Unit.

CProsodyParam: nh ngha chi ph da vo s khng khp v cc tham s ng iu.

Hnh 3.11 Tnh chi ph Unit Connection cost: Khi ni ghp, cc unit c chn t tp cc unit ng vin nn c kh nng gia hai unit k tip s khng khp vi nhau to m thanh khng lin tc. Hai unit k tip nhau c unit cost khng ti u th vn tt hn so vi hai unit khng c unit cost ti u.Connection cost c xy dng nh gi mc lin tc gia hai unit c ni vi nhau.Connection Cost c th c tnh theo hai cch:

Tnh trc tip:

Hnh 3.12 Tnh trc tip Connection CostTnh ton s lin tc ca dy m thanh hoc s lin tc ca ng m gia hai unit c kt ni (nh trong hnh, Unit Ti v Vj c kt ni vi nhau). iu ny thng lin quan n vic tnh khng khp v m thanh v cc tham s ng iu. Tnh gin tip:

Hnh 3.13 Tnh gin tip Connection CostSo snh unit c kt ni vi cc unit ln cn (nh trong hnh trn, unit Ti v Vj c kt ni vi nhau). iu ny c thc hin bng cch da vo thng tin ng m. y, chng ta s dng cch ny tnh chi ph kt ni.

Cc chi ph con m chng ta nh ngha nh sau:

CSucc: nh ngha chi ph da vo cc unit c ni kt khng lin tc trong cng mt dy m thanh.

V d: Xt unit doanh nghip ni kt vi unit hng u. Unit doanh nghip xut hin trong nhiu ng cnh khc nhau nh doanh nghip nh nc, doanh nghip hng Vit Nam cht lng cao, doanh nghip hng u. Tin hnh so snh unit hng u vi cm t pha sau t doanh nghip trong tng ng cnh khc nhau. Trong ng cnh (1) chi ph l hai do c hai t u khng khp. Trong ng cnh (2) chi ph l 1 do c mt t hng c so khp. Trong ng cnh (3) chi ph l 0 do c cm t hng u u c so khp

CToneConn: nh ngha chi ph da vo s khng khp v du gia t pha trc v pha sau t ang xt so vi t pha trc v pha sau t c chn trong tp d liu so snh. Trong ting Vit c 6 du (sc, huyn, hi, ng, nng v thanh ngang)

CEdgeConn: nh ngha chi ph da vo s khng khp v cch pht m gia t pha trc v t pha sau t ang xt so vi t pha trc v pha sau ca t c chn trong tp d liu so snh. l chi ph bin i mt t ban u v t m chng ta mong i. Qu trnh bin i ny gm 3 loi bin i chnh:

Thm (ins)

Thay th (rep)

Xo (del)

Bi v c nhiu s kt ni quan trng hn nhng ci khc (do s kt ni cht ch hay tnh mch lc v ng iu), khng tha mn s kt ni lin tc r rng dn n vic gim cht lng m thanh. Nh vy, chng ta nh ngha mt nhn t quan trng cho s kt ni.

Thut ton tm kim trong Unit Selection: Trong qu trnh chn la unit, i vi mi n v m thanh m chng ta mun t ti c nhiu n v m thanh ng c, cc unit ng c ca tt c cc unit cn t ti to ra mt li. tm ra con ng c chi ph thp nht, trong phm vi bo co ny s dng thut ton Viterbi :Ni dung thut ton:

1. Khi to C(0,1) = 0

2. For i = 1 to NSegUnit do

i. For j = 1 to NCand do

Tnh chi ph n v Cunit(j)

ii. Sp xp cc Unit theo th t tng dn ca Cunit(j) v gi li M Unit tt nht

iii. For j = 1 to NPath d

For k = 1 to M do

C(i, jM + k) = C(i-1,j) + WUnitCUnit(Vk) +

WConnCConn(Ui-1,j,Vk)

Sp xp cc con ng tng dn theo th t C(i, jM + k) gi li N con ng tt nht

Ln theo vt tm ra con ng c chi ph thp nht

Xut ra dy unit

Trong :

NsegUnit: s unit trong dy

NCand: s Unit ng c bc hin ti

NPath: s con ng bc trc

M: s n v ng c cho cng vic tnh ton tng lai bc hin ti

N: S con ng gi li bc hin ti

C(i, j): chi ph tch ly cho con ng j bc i

Vk: Unit ng c th k bc hin ti

Uj,i: Unit c chn th j bc i

CUnit(V): Unit Cost ca Unit V

CConn(V): Connection Cost ca Unit V

WUnit: trng ca Unit Cost

WConn: trng ca Connection CostChng 4. PHN TCH THIT K V TRIN KHAI H THNG QUA NG DNG MINH HANgy nay, in thoi c s dng ph bin khp mi ni. N tr thnh phng tin lin lc khng th thiu i vi bt k c nhn hay t chc no. Chng ta mun bit nhng thng tin mi nht v th trng c phiu v t gi c phiu nhng chng ta khng th ln trc tip sn giao dch, hoc truy cp internet c. Khi ch cn gi in n h thng l chng ta c ngay nhng thng tin cn thit. Xut pht t nhu cu thc t trn, nhm nghin cu v xy dng h thng tr li t ng. H thng ny s cung cp nhng thng tin cn thit nh t gi c phiu , thng tin th trng chng khon ti bt c u c in thoi (c c nh v di ng) mt cch chnh xc v nhanh chng.4.1 S v nguyn l hot ng

Hnh 4.1 S h thng ng dng4.1.1 Cc thnh phn ca h thng

H thng bao gm M un IVR, M un TTS, mt c s d liu, mt Modem quay s c h tr m thanh, mt ng dy in thoi gn vo Modem v mt in thoi c yu cu tra cu thng tin chng khon.

M un IVR: L chng trnh ng dng chy trn my tnh c s dng th vin TAPI thao tc v truyn thng vi thit b khc. C s hot ng ca thnh phn ny l nhn bit, cu hnh, thao tc vi Modem bng cc lnh m c h iu hnh v Modem h tr.

Khi c cc dng lnh, TSP c ci t trong my s thng dch cc lnh ny sang cc lnh c s ca Modem thao tc v iu khin Modem. Mi Modem h tr mt tp lnh khc nhau, do cn c s tng thch gia Modem v TSP/TAPI ca h iu hnh.

M un TTS: C nhim v chuyn i vn bn thnh ging ni. Thnh phn ng dng IVR sau khi truy vn CSDL kt qu tr v l dng vn bn. M un ny c nhim v chuyn kt qu dng vn bn sang dng m thanh, sau M un IVR s pht m thanh ny ln ng dy in thoi.

C S D Liu: CSDL cha thng tin v t gi v thng tin th trng chng khon. N c cp nht t ng v theo nh k trong khong thi gian giao dch thc t. Vic cp nht t ng ny s c mt M un thc hin. M un ny s t ng ly thng tin t trang web chng khon ca ngn hn Si Gn Thng Tn, ri cp nht xung CSDL.

Modem: h thng c th hot ng c th nht thit loi Modem s dng phi h tr m thanh. Bi v loi Modem ny c cc lnh c s gip ta c th thao tc, x l, truyn dn c m thanh.

Modem trong h thng dng chuyn i tn hiu tng t sang tn hiu s my tnh c th hiu c. Modem trong h thng s nhn tn hiu yu cu t ng truyn ca ngi dng, thu nhn d liu gi ti v gi kt qu tr li bng m thanh cho ngi s dng sau khi x l xong.

ng dy in thoi: ng dy in thoi c nh gn trc tip vo Modem, n c mt s in thoi ngi s dng gi vo h thng bng s in thoi ny.in thoi: L thit b ca ngi s dng dng thao tc vi h thng. in thoi c th l di ng hay c nh. Ngi s dng s bm phm s tng ng vi cc chc nng ca h thng.

4.1.2 Nguyn l hot ng

Khi ngi s dng thc hin cuc gi ti h thng, modem s pht hin, thng qua TSP lm pht sinh s kin OnOffering. Sau IVR s a ra hng dn.

Mi khi ngi s dng bm 1 phm, trn ng truyn s xut hin 1 tn hiu. Modem s bt tn hiu ny v a cho TSP lm vic. TSP s thng dch v chuyn cho ng dng d liu m n thu c.

ng dng s ly m ASCII m modem thu c, ri chuyn thnh dng s tng ng vi phm nhn trn in thoi, thu nhp chng li cho ti khi no t yu cu. Sau truy cp c s d liu, ly d liu, x l ri a ra phn hi. Thng qua TSP, phn hi ny c dch thnh m m modem c th hiu c, modem s pht tn hiu tr li ny ti ngi s dng di dng ting ni.4.2 Thit k v xy dng chng trnh

4.2.1 Xy dng M un IVR

4.2.1.1 Cc yu cu chc nng v phi chc nng

Cc yu cu chc nng: Tr li thng tin t gi v th trng ca chng khon m ngi s dng nhp t in thoi. Cc yu cu phi chc nng: C s d liu SQL Express 2005.

Cng c lp trnh .NET v mi trng pht trin.

Cng c phn tch, thit k: Rational Rose 2000.

Mi trng ci t ng dng Windows XP SP2.

Modem.

ng dy in thoi v mt s my c nh. Cng c thit k giao din cho form: Dxperience 8.2.44.2.1.2 Thit k c s d liu

Hnh 4.2 M hnh c s d liu4.2.1.3 M hnh use case

S Use Case

Hnh 4.3 M hnh use case

Danh sch cc ngi dng

STTTn ngi dng ngha / Ghi ch

1Khch hngi in cho nhm ngi s dng gi in trc tip n h thng, c th thc hin cc chc nng sau:

Quay s n h thng

Nhn phm in thoi

2Nhn vini din cho nhm ngi s dng trc tip giao din h thng, c th thc hin cc chc nng sau:

Xem thng tin nht k cuc gi

Xem thng tin d liu

Xem thng tin thit b

Bng 1. Danh sch cc ngi dng

Danh sch cc Use Case

STTTn Use Case ngha / Ghi ch

1Quay s n h thngNgi s dng quay s n h thng

2Nhn phm in thoiNhn phm gi yu cu tra cu thng tin theo hng dn

3Xem thng tin nht k cuc giXem thng tin tt c cc cuc gi nh thi gian bt u, thi gian kt thc, tng thi gian gi

4Xem thng tin d liuXem thng tin y ca tt c t gi c phiu v thng tin th trng chng khon

5Xem thng tin thit bChn thit b cn xem ang c trong h thng xc nh c phi l voice modem

Bng 2. Danh sch cc Use Case

c t Use Case1. Use Case Quay s n h thng

Tm tt: Use Case ny m t cch mt ngi s dng thc hin chc nng gi in n h thng. Nu thnh cng th ngi s dng kt ni thnh cng n h thng.

Dng s kin:

Dng s kin chnh: Use Case ny bt u khi ngi s dng gi in n h thng1. H thng nhn tn hiu OnOffering.

2. H thng pht tn hiu kt ni

Cc dng s kin khc: Nu Use Case ny thc hin khi h thng ang bn th Use Case ny s kt thc. Cc yu cu c bit: Khng c. Trng thi h thng khi bt u thc hin Use Case: H thng ang rnh, ngha l khng c cuc gi no trn ng truyn. Trng thi h thng sau khi thc hin Use Case: Nu Use Case thnh cng th ngi s dng c th nghe c li cho v hng dn s dng chng trnh. Nu khng th trng thi h thng ang bn.

im m rng: Use Case ny vn c th thc hin khi h thng ang bn nu ta tng s lng ng truyn.

2. Use Case Nhn phm in thoi:

Tm tt: Use-case ny m t cch mt ngi s dng tng tc vi h thng bng vic nhn phm in thoi theo hng dn. Nu thnh cng th ngi s dng c th nghe c nhng thng tin yu cu. Dng s kin :

Dng s kin chnh: Use-case ny bt u khi mt ngi s dng nhn phm trn in thoi.

H thng nhn tn hiu DTMF H thng kim tra tn hiu nhn c, ri truy xut c s d liu vi ni dung tng ng H thng chuyn ni dung truy xut c thnh dng m thanh tng ng

H thng tr kt qu cho ngi dng

Cc dng s kin khc: H thng kim tra thi gian t khi kt thc mt tp tin m thanh n lc bt c s kin nhn phm. Nu khng thy s kin nhn phm xy ra th h thng s t ng ngt kt ni. Cc yu cu c bit: Khng c. Trng thi h thng trc khi thc hin Use Case: Ngi dng kt ni thnh cng vi h thng. Trng thi h thng sau khi thc hin Use Case: Nu Use Case thnh cng th ngi s dng c th nghe thng tin yu cu hoc li hng dn v c th tip tc thc hin cc thao tc khc. im m rng: Khng c.4.2.1.4 T chc kch bn dch v

Cc cu mu:

Cu cho ban u: Xin cho mng qu khch n vi dch v cung cp thng tin t gi c phiu v tin tc th trng chng khon. nghe thng tin hin ti ca sn giao dch chng khon thnh ph H Ch Minh(HOSE) bm phm 1. nghe thng tin hin ti ca sn giao dch chng khon H Ni(HASTC) bm phm 2. nghe thng tin gi chng khon bm phm 3.

Tnh n thi im hin ti ch s VN-Index l 567.34 im, tng (gim) 25.41, im tng ng 4.33%. Tng khi lng giao dch ton th trng l 59,148,470. Tng gi tr giao dch ton th trng l 2,457.08 t ng

Tnh n thi im hin ti ch s HASTC-Index l 188.02 im, tng (gim) 11.36, im tng ng 5.70%. Tng khi lng giao dch ton th trng l 32,780,800. Tng gi tr giao dch ton th trng l 1,329.58 t ng

Nhp m chng khon cn tra cu v kt thc bng phm #.

M chng khon ACB c gi tham chiu l 62000 ng, gi trn l 48400 ng, gi sn l 42200 ng, gi cao nht l 45900 ng, gi thp nht l 42100 ng, gi khp gn nht l 43000 ng, khi lng 100 c phiu.

Ghi ch: ch gch di s thay i gi tr4.2.1.5 Giao din Mn hnh chnh:

Hnh 4.4 Mn hnh giao din chnh

Gii thch:STTLoi controlDin giiGhi ch

1SimpleButtonThot khi ng dngControl ny thuc component Devepress

2SimpleButtonDng cuc gi, ngt kt ni-nt-

3LabelControlng h tnh thi gian cuc gi

4PictureBoxTrng thi cuc gi. Khi c cuc gi hnh s thay i (xem hnh 4.7) cn khng tr v hnh 4.4-nt-

5ApplicationMenuCha hai BarButtonItem(ngt kt ni v thot ng dng), xem hnh 4.6-nt-

6BarButtonItemTy chn ngi dng tng tc vi h thng bng nhn phm trn in thoi-nt-

7BarButtonItemTy chn ngi dng tng tc vi h thng bng ging ni-nt-

8BarButtonItemXem thng tin thit b c chn c phi l voice modem hay khng (hnh 4.8)-nt-

9BarButtonItemXem nht k cuc gi (hnh 4.9)-nt-

10BarButtonItemXem thng tin y v ch s chng khon v t gi tt c c phiu-nt-

11BarStaticItemXem hng dn s dng h thng-nt-

12BarStaticItemXem thng tin nhm (hnh 4.11)-nt-

13ListBoxControlTh hin cc s kin m ngi dng tng tc vi h thng t khi kt ni c n khi ngt kt ni.-nt-

14BarStaticItemTh hin trng thi ang cp nht d liu.

-nt-

Bng 3 Gii thch cc iu khin trn mn hnh chnhKhi ngi s dng r chut vo cc control 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 u c cc ghi ch hng dn bn di. V d xem hnh 4.5 Mt s mn hnh ph:

Hnh 4.5 Mn hnh ghi ch trn giao din chnh

Hnh 4.6 Mn hnh khi nhn chut vo icon ca mn hnh chnh Mn hnh khi c cuc gi n h thng:

Hnh 4.7 Mn hnh khi c cuc gi n Mn hnh xem thng tin thit b:

Hnh 4.8 Mn hnh xem thng tin thit b Mn hnh xem nht k cuc gi:

Hnh 4.9 Mn hnh xem nht k cuc gi Mn hnh xem thng tin chng khon:

Hnh 4.10 Mn hnh xem thng tin chng khon Mn hnh thng tin nhm

Hnh 4.11 Mn hnh thng tin nhm4.2.2 M un TTS

M un TTS c k tha t phin bn c ca nhm ting ni Phng Nam. phin bn c, c 1 cu hoc nhiu hn th mt khong 10 giy. Sau , chng ti tm hiu v ci tin. Hin ti th mt khong di 1 giy c 1 cu hoc nhiu hn.

Kho d liu m thanh c k tha c nh dng tp tin m thanh l 256Mb nhng ng dng chng ti cn l tp tin m thanh 128 Mb. Do , chng ti chuyn i tt c cc tp tin trong kho d liu v dng 128 Mb. Sau chng ti cng hiu chnh code cho ph hp vi nh dng m thanh mi.4.3 Ci t

Bc 1: Chy tp tin ci t s xut hin mn hnh bn di, sau chn nt next tip tc

Hnh 4.12 Ci t bc 1Bc 2: Tip theo l ca s cung cp thng tin v bn quyn, chn mc: I accept the terms in the license agreement sau chn nt Next

Hnh 4.13 Ci t bc2Bc 3: Cung cp thng tin ci t

Hnh 4.14 Ci t bc 3Bc 4: Sau khi cung cp y thng tin, chn nt Next s xut hin mn hnh bn di

Hnh 4.15 Ci t bc 4Bc 5: Chn nt Install tin hnh ci t, sau qu trnh ci t, mn hnh bn di cho bit l chng trnh ci t thnh cng. Chn Finish hon tt vic ci t.

Hnh 4.16 Ci t bc 5Chng 5. TNG KT5.1 Mt s kt qu t cH thng tr li t ng thng tin chng khon v t gi c phiu cho ngi dng.

H thng hot ng tt trong mi trng t nhiu m (ngi dng gi t ni c t ting n).T l nhn dng chnh xc xp x 90%.5.2 Kh nng pht trin ca h thngH thng c th c xem nh l giao din cho tng tc Ngi My t xa qua ting ni. D dng tch hp, ghp ni vi cc c s d liu bt k. C s d liu c t ng cp nht lin tc s dng ADO.NET.

H thng c th ng dng rng ri v d dng pht trin thnh cc ng dng nh:

Tng i dch v in thoi. Tng i chm sc khch hng. Trung tm chm sc, tr gip, tip nhn kin, yu cu qua in thoi. H thng giao dch t ng qua in thoi cho cc Cng ty Chng khon

Hp th thoi. H thng tra cu t ng qua in thoi nh tra cu tuyn xe but, gi vng, t s bng , im thi i hc

Hin nay, chng trnh ch mi p ng c mt ng truyn, tc l ch phc v c mt ngi mt lc. Trong tng lai, chng trnh c th h tr thm mt s ng truyn na p ng nhu cu ngi s dng trong cc gi cao im.

Nu c kinh ph, c th ng k dch v cp s in thoi gi ti vi tng i, lc c th nhn c s in thoi gi ti gip tng thm thng tin cho vic qun l.

Pht trin ng dng trn vi kh nng tng tc bng ging ni t nhin cho tt c mi ngi c th s dng thay cho vic bm phm trn in thoi.

5.3 Phm vi v gii hn

Do gii hn v kinh ph v thi gian nn:

H thng cha thu c s in thoi ca cuc gi ti.

H thng hin ch p ng c mt ng truyn trong mt khong thi gian(v thit b s dng trong ng dng khng phi l thit b chuyn dng cho loi h thng, n ch l mt Modem quay s 56K c h tr m thanh). xy dng ng dng thc t i hi mt truy cp cao phi s dng thit b chuyn dng l card CTI m c th h tr ti thiu ba mi cuc gi vo h thng cng mt lc. H thng nhn tn hiu t in thoi di ng khng tt. Do ng truyn tn hiu khng n nh.

Ti liu tham kho

[1]. PaulTaylor, Text-to-SpeechSynthesis, University of Cambridge, 2006[2]. Minghui Dong, Kim-Teng Lua, Haizhou Li, A Unit Selection-based Speech Synthesis Approach for Mandarin Chinese

[3]. http://www.microsoft.com/msj/1198/tapi3/tapi3.aspx[4]. http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/websphere/zones/voice/proddoc.htm[5]. Bi bo co kha lun nm 2009 do nhm sinh vin V Quang Diu H Nguyn Minh Thun thc hin.

[6]. Microsoft Platform SDK

Hnh STYLEREF 1 \s 4. SEQ Hnh \* ARABIC \s 1 3 S t chc kch bn ng dng

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