BCTT xay xat lua gao

8/7/2019 BCTT xay xat lua gao

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Bo co thc tp tt nghip GVHD: ThS. Trn Th Truyn

LI CAM N

t thc tp tt nghip X nghip ch bin lng thc Si Gn SATAKE ko

di gn hai thng khng nhng l c hi cho chng em tri nghim v ng dng nhngkin thc hc trong nm nm qua vo thc t m cn l c hi cho chng em c isu vo thc t tm hiu v an ton cng nh k lut lao ng trong nh my.

e co c ket qua nay, em xin chan thanh cam n cacthay co hng dn thc tp, khoa Hoa trng ai hoc Bach Khoa

Nng a tao ieu kien cho chung em en vi x nghiep lngthc xay xat lua Sai Gon SATAKE.

Chung em xin chan thanh cam n ban lanh ao nha may,cac chu, cc anh trong phong k thuat va phan xng san

xuat a giup , hng dan tan tnh trong suot thi gianqua.

Tuy nhien, bao cao van khong tranh khoi nhng sai sot,knh mong s gop y nhan xet, gp ca qu nh my v cc thy c gio.

Tp H Ch Minh, thang 01 nam 2011.Sinh vin thc tpL Th Thu Sng


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NHAN XET CUA NHA MAY

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NHAN XET CUA GVHD

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MUC LUC1. Tong quan x nghiep lng thc xay xat lng thc SaiGon- Satake ----------41.1. Gii thiu chung ------------------------------------------------------------------------------41.2. Lch s thnh lp v pht trin --------------------------------------------------------------41.3. a im xy dng ----------------------------------------------------------------------------41.4. S t chc v b tr nhn s --------------------------------------------------------------51.5. nh hng pht trin trong tng lai ------------------------------------------------------62. Tng quan v nguyn liu, thnh ph phm v nng lng ---------------------------72.1. Tng quan v nguyn liu --------------------------------------------------------------------72.2. Nng lng s dng v tin nghi h tr sn xut ----------------------------------------122.3. Thnh ph phm ------------------------------------------------------------------------------122.4. Tn tr, bo qun v vn chuyn sn phm ----------------------------------------------15

3. Quy trnh cng ngh v thit b ------------------------------------------------------------173.1. Quy trnh cng ngh -------------------------------------------------------------------------173.2. Cc cng on --------------------------------------------------------------------------------193.3. My mc, thit b ----------------------------------------------------------------------------214. An ton lao ng, x l ph thi v v sinh cng nghip ------------------------------914.1. An ton lao ng -----------------------------------------------------------------------------914.2. X l ph thi v v sinh cng nghip ----------------------------------------------------914.3. Cng tc phng chy cha chy -----------------------------------------------------------92


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CHNG 1: TONG QUAN VEX NGHIEP LNG THC SAI GON

SATAKE.1.1. GII THIEU CHUNG

X nghiep lng thc Sai Gon Satake la mot doanh nghiepnha nc , trc thuoc tong cong ty lng thc mien Nam.Nha may san xuat va kinh doanh gao vi quy mo xay xatlua ln nhat, co cong nghe hoan thien nhat Viet Nam,phuc vu nhu cau xuat khau va tieu thu noi a. Th trngtieu thuchnh l Viet Nam, Malaysia, Iran, Irag, Indonesia, Srilanka,Philippin

1.2. LCH S THANH LAP VA PHAT TRIEN

1.2.1. Lch s hnh thanh

X nghiep lng thc Sai Gon Satake c khi congxay dng vao ngay 22 thang 7 nam 1988, di s quan lycua cong ty lng thc va s giam sat lap at cua cong tySatake cung cap thiet b theo hnh thc chuyen giao congnghe tron goi.Sau thi gian mt nm xy dng, nh my c khnh thnh

vao ngay 26 thang 7 nam 1989 vi ten: Nha may xay luaSai Gon Satake.Giam oc au tien la co Nguyen Th Thi.Ban au, nh my co 300 can bo cong nhan vien, gom bangiam oc va 7 phong ban.

1.2.2. Tnh hnh hoat ong va phat trien

Chc nng ch yu ca nh my l kinh doanh, ch bin xay xt la go xutkhu v tiu th ni a.

T nam 1989 1993:

- Nguyen lieu chu yeu la lua.

- San pham: gao xuat khau, gao cung cap trongnc.

T nam 1993 en nay:

- Nguyen lieu chu yeu la lua va gao.

- Nng sut > 120,000 tn go/nm


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- Nha may thuoc Tong cong ty lng thc mienNam.

- Hien nay nha may co 42 can bo cong nhan vien.

1.3.A IEM XAY DNG

Tru s chnh: Nha may xay xat lua Sai Gon Satake,so 9 ng Nguyen Hu Tr, xa Tan Tuc, Huyen Bnh Chanh,

Tp.HCM.

V tr a l:

- Pha ong: giap nha dan

- Pha tay: giap nhanh song thong ra ch em.- Pha nam: giap ng Nguyen Hu Tr.

- Pha bac: giap song Ch em.

1.4. S O TO CHC VA BO TR NHAN S

1.4.1. S o to chc:


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Hnh 1: S o bo tr nhan s cua nha may

1.4.2. Bo tr nhan s:

Ban giam oc:

- Mot giam oc phu trach chung trc tiep quan ly vemat kinh te cua x nghiep.

- Mot pho giam oc ky thuat.

- Mot pho giam oc hanh chnh.

Cac phong ban:

- Phong tong hp:

+ Chu trach nhiem quan ly toan bo nhan s trong xnghiep, chu thc hien chnh sach thi ua, khen thng, to

chc cac hoat ong oan the.


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+ Tham mu cho ban giam oc xay dng va thc hienke hoach san xuat kinh doanh.

- Phong tai chnh ke toan:

To chc hach toan ve tai chnh, s dung von va taisan, quan ly tai chnh toan x nghiep.

- Kho thu mua va phong kiem pham ( KCS):

+ Quan ly nguyen lieu, san pham xuat, nhap, tonkho.

+ Lu tr va bao quan nguyen lieu, san pham trongkho, am bao ve so lng va chat lng.

+ Thc hien kiem tra nguyen lieu nhap kho va thanhpham bang cac ch tieu kinh te ky thuat.

+ Chu trach nhiem trc ban giam oc ve chat lngsan xuat.

- Xng san xuat:

- To ky thuat:

1.5. NH HNG PHT TRIN TRONG TNG LAI

Cung cp v d tr go nhm bnh n gi go cho khu vc thnh ph H ChMinh v cc tnh ln cn.


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CHNG 2: TNG QUAN V NGUYN LIUTHNH PH PHM V NNG LNG

I.1. TNG QUAN V NGUYN LIU- X nghiep lng thc Sai Gon Satake san xuat mat

hang gao trang e phuc vu cho th trng noi a v xut khu.

Ngun nguyen lieu c lay chu yeu cac tnh mien Tay:Long An, An Giang, Can Th

- Nha may c thiet ke chu yeu dung cho nguyen lieula lua.

- Tuy nhien nguyen lieu chnh cua x nghiep la lua vagao lc.

2.1.1. ieu kien van chuyen nguyen lieu:

- V tr x nghiep rat thuan li cho viec van chuyennguyen lieu theo ng song va ng bo.

- ng song la chnh, phng tien van chuyen la xalang, ghe, tau

- ng bo van chuyen chu yeu bang xe tai.


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2.1.1. Cu to ht la

Hnh 3: Cau tao hatla

a) V tru

V tru la lp bao ngoai cung cua hat lua, gom cac tebao rong co thanh hoa go co thanh phan la cellulose.Cac te bao vo trau c ket vi nhau nh khoang va

lignin. Vo trau thng co gan noi ro, xu x va rap, musc kha a dang: vang, vang nau, vang rm o day votrau tuy thuoc vao giong hat, vao o may, khoang t0.12 0.15mm, chiem khoang 18 19.6% so vi toan hat.

b) Vo qua va vo hat

Vo qua lien ket khong ben vi vo hat. v lin kt cht ch

vi lp aleurone. V qu c thanh phan bao gm cellulose, pentosan,pectin va khoang. Trong cung mot hat, chieu day lp tebao vo qua khong giong nhau, gan phoi, lp vo qua lamong nhat. So vi vo qua th vo hat cha t cellulose hnnhng nhieu protid va glucid hn.

c) Lp aleurone

Lp aleurone bao boc noi nhu va phoi, chiem khoang 6 12% khoi lng hat. Trong te bao, lp aleurone co cha


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nhieu protid, tinh bot, cellulose, pentosan, cac giot lipid va phanln cac vitamin va khoang cua hat. V the trong qua trnhche bien hat, khong nen xay xat qua ky e gi lai cacvitamin va khoang chat. Tuy nhien do co nhieu chat dinh

dng, nhat la protein nen gao con nhieu lp aleurone khobao quan, de b con trung va vi sinh vat phat trien phahoai. Do o oi vi gao xuat khau hoac can bao quan lau,ngi ta phai xat trang, loai bo het lp aleurone, mac dub mat mot so chat dinh dng. Khi xay xat hat, lp aleuroneb vun ra thanh cam.

d) Noi nhu

Noi nhu la phan d tr chat dinh dng cua hat.Cacte bao noi nhu kha ln, thanh mong va co hnh dangkhac nhau. Thanh phan hoa hoc cua noi nhu bao gm tinhbot va protid, ngoai ra con cha mot lng nho lipid, muoikhoang, cellulose va mot so san pham phan giai cua tinhbot nh dextrin, ng lng vitamin va muoi khoang trongnoi nhu khong nhieu.

Tuy theo giong va ieu kien canh tac, phat trien cuahat lua ma noi nhu co the trang hay uc, van e nayquan he rat ln en ty le che bien ra gao. Neu o nhuco o trang trong cao th gao t nat va cho ty le thanhpham cao, ngc lai neu noi nhu co o trang uc cao th hatqua che bien b gay nat nhieu, ty le thanh pham thap, tyle tam gao cao.

e) Phoi

Khi hat nay mam th phoi se phat trien len thanh caycon. Trong phoi cha nhieu chat dinh dng can thiet cho sphat trien ban au. Thanh phan hoa hoc cua phoi gom coprotid, glucid hoa tan, kha nhieu lipid, khoang, cellulose va cacvitamin.

Phoi cach noi nhu bi lp ngu la lp trung gianchuyen t noi nhu sang phoi khi hat nay mam. Lp ngu co


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cau tao t cac te bao de tham thau cac chat hoa tan varat nhieu cac enzyme. Cac chat dinh dng trong phoi ratde b bien oi. V the e thuan tien trong ton tr, xay xat,chat lng thanh pham, ngi ta say hat sao cho lam phoi

va noi nhu b chet i, thuan tien cho qua trnh ton trtrc xay xat.

2.1.2.Cht lng ca ht la

Cht lng ca ht la nh hng ch yu n cht lng ca thnh phm vcng ngh sn xut. Nhng iu cn ch trong cht lng ht la:

- m: la c m cao s cho go c m cao, bo qun d b men mc,trng, b. La c m cao lm cho t l go xay xt ra b hao ht, gin, nt. La c m cao lm cho qu trnh xay xt, phn loi kh, nh hng n nng sut thit b, haoht vt t, nhin liu. La nguyn liu a vo sn xut nn c m 12-14%.

- trng trong: La c ni nh c trng trong cao l thc chu c p lcln, t rn gy. Cn bit c trng trong iu chnh my mc lm vic chnh xc.

- bc bng: La c ni nh bc bng nhiu l thc t chu c p lc mnh.

- Ht rn gy: La c nhiu ni nh b rn gy, t l xay xt s nt nhiu, t l xutphm thp.

- Ht vng: Lp, non, trng hi la c nhiu loi ht ny th t l xut phmthp, cht lng thnh phm xu, nng sut thit b gim.

- Ht la khc ging, khc hnh: La c nhiu ht khc ging, khc hnh th cngngh xay xt gp kh khn do trong lc xay ht ln, ht nh b st li v khi xay cht nh, ht ln s b nt, phn ly la go bng cc loi sng c l s gp kh khn.

2.1.3. Thanh phan hoa hoc cua hat lua:

Bang 1: Thanh phan hoa hoc cua mot so nong san( Tnh theo 100g )


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Thanh phan Lua m Lua gaoNang lng ( Kcal) 330 360

Glucid (g) 78.5 73 75Protid (g) 12 15 7.5 10Lipid (g) 1.8 2.2 1.3 2.1

Cellulose (g) 2.3 0.9Vitamin B1 (g) 0.55 0.33Vitamin B2 (g) 0.13 0.09

Vitamin PP (mg) 6.4 4.9Vitamin B3 (mg) 1.36 1.2Vitamin B6 (mg) 0.53 0.79Phospho (mg) 410 285

Kali (mg) 580 340Canxi (mg) 60 68Magie (mg) 180 90

Sat (mg) 6 1.2ong (mg) 0.8 0.3

Mangan (mg) 5.5 6Kem ( mg) 2.2

Qua bng ta thy glucid la thanh phan dinh dng chnh cuahat gao, chiem khoang 70 80%. Gao gia cang trang th hamlng glucid cang cao, glucid gao chu yeu la tinh bot, mot tng n kep nam mang.

Trong cac bo phan th tinh bot tap trung chu yeu noinhu va phoi. Trong lp aleurone th ch co mot thanh phanng 6 8%, cellulose 7 10%.

Bang 2: S phan bo glucid trong tng phan cua hatlua

Ten cac thanh

phanTinh bot (%) ng (%) Cellulose (%)

Toan bo hat 59 4.34 2.76Noi nhu 79.56 3.54 0.15

Phoi Rat t 25.12 2.46Vo va lp

aleuroneRat t 4.18 16.20

Tinh bot gao thuoc loai phc tap, kch thc nho ( nhonhat so vi tinh bot cac loai hat ngu coc khac)

Bang 3: Ham lng cac glucid trong hat lua


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Cc tieu Cc ai Trung bnhTinh bot 47.7 68 56.2Cellulose 8.74 12.22 9.41ng 0.2 4.5 3.2dextrin 0.8 3.2 1.3

2.1.4.Tiu chun cht lng v x l nguyn liuNguyn liu sn xut ra go trng xut khu trn th trng hin nay c

cp ti 3 loi la: La, go lc v go trng nguyn liu (go x).La c cc n v thu mua hin nay trn th trng gm rt nhiu chng loi.

Cht lng ca cc loi la a vo xay xt ch bin cng khc nhau ty thuc voging la, ma v, iu kin canh tc, th nhng v qu trnh bo qun sau thu hoch.Cn c vo cc ch tiu phn tch cht lng tm thi, c chia ra lm 2 loi: la loi 1 vla loi 2. La loi 1 cc ch tiu cht lng thng ph hp vi la v ng xun v laloi 2 thng ph hp vi la v H thu. Cht lng la nh hng ln n cht lngxay xt, thng thng: la loi 1 thch hp sn xut cc loi go phm cp cao nh goSuper, 5%, 10%, 15% tm; la loi 2 thch hp sn xut cc loi go phm cp thngnh go 20%, 25%, 35% tm

Trc khi thu mua gao, bo phan KCS se kiem tra cac chtieu nh m ca ht go, t le % tam, % lua, c, ht vng, ht h,ht , ht sc, rn nt ca ht, ng nht ca ht.

Tiu chun cht lng ca laSTT Cc ch tiu cht lng Loi 1 Loi 2

1 m ti a (%) 15.0 15.5

2 Tp cht ti a (%) 3.0 3.5

3 Lt sch ti thiu (%) 79.5 79.0

4 Lt bn (%) 77.1 76.2

5 Trong nguyn ti thiu (%) 65.0 50.0

6 Rn gy ti a (%) 8.0 15.0

7 Cht lng ht (%)


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Ht phn ti a 10.0 13.0

Xanh non ti a 7.0 9.0

Vng ti a 0.5 1.5

ti a 5.5 9.0

Bnh ti a 4.5 6.08 Ht ln loi ti a (%) 8.0 15.0

Tat ca cac bao gao nhap vao eu c a i lay mauva em so sanh mau ma ben ban a a ra. Neu hat gaokhong at cac ch tieu tren, KCS se bao lai vi phong kinhdoanh e nh gia lai.

Tiu chun cht lng ca go lc

Ht phn

X l nguyn liu: o am cua hat gao thanh pham phaiat 14%, tuy theo ni yeu cau, thng la phai nho hn 15%.V the nguyen lieu lua phai at o am 14.8 15%.

- Tuy theo thi vu trong nam ma lua co o am khacnhau:

Vu ong xuan: Lua co o am t 16 18%.

Vu He thu: Lua co o am t 18 20%.

Do o, lua th trng bao gi cung co o am cao hn yeucau. e a lua vao san xuat cung nh ton tr oi hoiphai co s ieu chnh o am thch hp. oi vi thiet bsay lua th nhiet o say yeu cau 50 650C, thng say

550

C.


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- Tuy nhien do o am cua lua cac thi vu la khacnhau, nen x nghiep linh ong ieu chnh phng phap saycung nh nhiet o, thi gian say khac nhau. oi vi lua vu ong xuan th ch say 1 vong, nhng oi vi lua vuHe thu th phai qua say 2 vong.

- Tuy vao thi gian ton tr lua trc khi xay xat th yeucau o am cua hat lua khac nhau. o am cua hat lua saukhi say toi u la 14.5%, tuy nhien do ton kem chi ph nanglng nen say con 15 16%. Trong qua trnh ton tr ket hpvi thong gio e tranh lam boc nong khoi hat, hat b biendang.

2.2. NANG LNG S DUNG VA TIEN NGHI HO TRSAN XUAT

2.2.1. Nang lng s dung

2.2.2. ien

- Lng ien cua nha may c tnh tren n v nguyenlieu san xuat. Trung bnh e san xuat 1 tan gao lc ra gaothanh pham can 32-36kW/h.

- May phat ien d phong cong suat nho 30kW, chphong e chuyen nguyen lieu vao silo.

2.2.3. Nc

- Nc chu yeu dung cho muc ch sinh hoat, ve sinh mayva anh bong gao.

- Nguon cung cap: chu yeu la nc ngam.

- Phng phap x ly nc: Nc ngam sau khi s dungc oxy hoa lng sat, roi a qua be loc cat, lu lngnc loc la10m3/h.


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- Nc dung e anh bong gao phai c loc k t loctho en loc tinh nham am bao ve sinh thc pham, lngdung la vai chuc lt/phut.

2.2.4. Kh nen:

Kh nen dung e cung cap cac air-cylinder va ket hpvi nc e anh bong gao. May nen co ap suat t 7-12kg/m2 . Kh a vao may anh bong c kh mau, khmui bang thiet b ac biet ve sinh moi t san xuat.

2.3. THNH PH PHM

2.3.1. Cac san pham chnh, phu:

- Sanpham chnh: Gao chu yeu la gao xuat khau chatlng cao. Tuy theo yeu cau cua khach hang, x nghiep sanxuat cac loai gao khac nhau t 5-25% tam.

- San pham phu: Tam, cam.

2.3.2. Tiu chun cht lng sn phm v quy cch kim tra sn phm

2.3.2.1 Tiu chun cht lng sn phm

Chat lng gao c anh gia thong qua cac ch tieu:

Hat nguyen ven

Tam

Tam man

Hat bac phan

Hat vang

Hat h hong va hat xanh non

Hat soc o va hat o

Tong tap chat

Thoc lan

o am

Gao xay va gao nep

2.3.2.2. Quy cch kim phm

Bo phan KCS se kiem tra cac ch tieu theo yeu caucua khach hang. Tuy theo loai gao t 5-25% tam ma co quynh cu the ve c tam ,% gao nguyen, %gao gay. Neu %tam khong at hoac vt mc cho phep th tien hanh ieu


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chnh lai t le phoi tron bang he thong ieu khien. Maugao c lay bang phep chia cheo.

o am cua gao c o bang may o o am, tienhanh khoang 9-10 lan e giam sai so, sai so cho phepkhoang 2%. o am cua gao thanh pham khoang 14.5%, neucao hn th phai say gio e giam xuong.

2.3.3. X ly bui cam:

- Bui cam t may anh bong cua hai day chuyen1E-15 va 2E-15 c hut vao hai cyclon lang. Phan bui nhuyenc hut ra pha tren cyclon lai cho qua mot cyclon na, buinhuyen qua cyclon nay c chuyen ra ngoai, bui tho c vttai chuyen en sang ao e tach tam man va cam. Sd cho qua mot cyclon th cap v bui cam nay thu t mayanh bong nhuyen.

- Bui cam t cac may xat tho cua hai day chuyenM2E-3,6 va M1E-3,6, t cac may xat tinh, anh bong M2E-9,12, M1E-9,12 c qua hai cum e x ly. Phan bui nhuyen pha tren cyclon c quat hut en buong lang bui ln elang theo nguyen tac lang quan tnh la dung tam chan ,phan bu tho ra pha di cyclon c vt tai a en sangao.

- Bui cam con sot dnh tren gao t cac silo cha,gau tai, sang ao, sang trong, may tach gau se c hutva dan chung vao cum cyclon th ba e x ly bui nhuyen

lai, roi c quat hut a vao phong lang bui ln. Bui thoc vt tai a vao sang ao.

2.3.4. T l thu hi thnh ph phm

T la loi 1

T la loi 2


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2.3.5. Cht lng thnh ph phm

Cht lng go

Cht lng tm, cm

STT

Cc ch tiu Cm mn Cm to Tm 3-4 Tm 1-2

1 mn ca cm 85% lt sng 1.5 li 40% lt sng 1.5 li

2 ng nht Trn95%

Trn95%

3 Bi ln trong tmcm

8% 30%


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2.4. Ton tr, bao quan va van chuyen san pham

2.4.1. Ton tr

- Gao thanh pham co the cha trong silo hoac ong bao nhapvao kho.

2.4.2. Bao quan

- Gao bao quan trong kho di dang bao khong nen baoquan di dang o ri.

- Kho bao quan phai bao am cac yeu cau sau:

Khong b hat, dot khi ma bao.

San va tng phai bao am chong tham, chong dottot.

Bao am thoang, mat.

Han che s lay nhiem cua sau mot, nam moc,

chuot va cac loai con trung khac.

Trc khi cha gao, kho phai c quet don, lam vesinh tng kho, buc, ke phai c tiet trung bang cac loaithuoc cho phep s dung trong cac kho lng thc va theo quynh cua c quan chuyen nganh.


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Trc khi cat gao vao kho, nen kho phai c ke latbang buc go hoac dung buc go e sat trung trai thanhlp day t 0.3-0.4mm sau o trai cot hoac bat.

- Lo gao xep cach tng 0.5-0.8m, khoang cach gia hailo t nhat la 1m co the i lai kiem tra, lay mau va s ly.

- Gao a vao bao quan phai am bao at tieu chuano am khong ln hn 14%. Neu o am ln hn 14% phaixep rieng e bao quan tam thi ch x ly hoac tieu thungay.

- Moi kho gao phai co the kho rieng e ghi cac noi dungsau:

So hieu kho, lo.

Khoi lng gao.

Loai gao.

Ngay nhap kho.

So lng bao.

Loai bao.

Ni san xuat.

o am gao khi nhap.

Nhan xet chung ve chat lng gao.

nh ky kiem tra gao t 3-5 ngay mot lan va phaighi vao so giam sat vi noi dung sau:


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+ Tnh trang, s bien oi cua chat lng gao.

+ Mat o sau mot.

- Phai thng xuyen ve sinh nha kho, ve sinh lo hang,moi trng xung quanh kho, khong e nc ong xung quanhnha kho

- M ca thong gio t nhien khi ngoai tri at cac ieukien sau:

Tri nang rao, khong ma.

o am khong kh ngoai tri khong qua 80%

- Khi mat o sau mot qua 3 con (con song) trong 1kg gao(lay mau ni co mat o cao nhat) th phai x ly sattrung ngay bang cac loai thuoc cho phep va tuan thu theocac quy trnh do c quan chc nang a quy nh, hoac do c

quan chuyen nganh sat trung.

- Hien nay nha may s dung thuoc tr sau hieu DDVPphun xung quanh cac silo, kho cha.

- Gao xuat khau phai c xong thuoc theo yeu caucua khach hang. Viec xong thuoc do c quan chuyen nganhthc hien. Hoa chat c s dung la photphin hoac

metylbromide hoac ket hp ca hai.

- Gao c ong bao va xep thanh khoi, sau o cchum kn e phun thuoc vao trong. CH3Br nang hn khong kh,phun t tren xuong, thi gian trum bat u thuoc khoang 24-48h. Sau thi gian u c quan thong trung se xuong hut cackh oc con lai va m bat thong thoang khoang 6h th cothe xuat gao i c. Lieu lng dung khoang 40-50mg CH3Br/m3 gao.


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- PH3 dang vien ac tren khoi gao se ket hp vinc phan huy t t, thap dan xuong di. Thi gian ukhoang 72h, lieu lng dung 5 6g/m3 gao.

2.4.3. Van chuyen san pham

- Gao c van chuyen bang ghe, tau, xe.

- Phng tien van chuyen gao phai kho, sach, khong comui la, khong b nhiem phan bon, thuoc tr sau va cacloai hoa chat, xang dau, con trung, sau mot.

- Phng tien van chuyen gao phai u mui, bat, cac trangthiet b an toan bao am chong tham, chong chay, chongs xam nhap cua phan bon, thuoc tr sau.

- Khong c xep gao ngoai tri khi co ma.

- Khi boc xep gao khong c dung cac dung cu lam

rach bao nh moc sat.

CHNG 3:

QUY TRNHCNG NGH V THIT B3.1 QUY TRNH CNG NGH3.1.1 S quy trnh cng ngh


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Hut

Nguyen lieu

Gan

X ay

Sang a

Can

T on tr

Say

Sang tap chat

Can

Tap chat

Trau

Thoc

X at tho

X at ti nh

Tach mau

Phoi tron

Sang lan I I

Sang lan I

anh bong

Can

ong bao

San pham

Tam3/4 San p

Hnh 6

3.1.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh cng nghNguyn liu thc c a n nh my bng ng thy l ch yu v mt

phn nh c chuyn bng ng b. La dng ng trong khoang ghe, tu c htvo thng cp liu. La dng bao th c a ln bng bng ti ri tho bao, cho vo

thng cha, a sang my cn tnh ton tn tht hao ht sau ny(mi bao u kim tram).


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Sau khi cn xong, thc c chuyn n sng lc phng c qut ht PH250Anang suat la 23-25 tan/h ( oi vi lua tho), 30-35 tan/h (oivi lua kho), cong suat 4,8 kW. Cac tap chat nh cat, buise c loai ra khi qua may sang. Mc ch ca cng on ny l lm

sch nguyn liu nhm mc ch bo v thit b v nng cao cht lng v nu khngc loi b ngay t u, nhng tp cht ny s lm gim hiu sut lm vic ca mymc, thit b, gy h hng thit b v i khi gy ra nhng s c ng tic khi lm vic(ha hon, do tia la in...).

Nu la c m t yu cu th chuyn thng vo xilo tn t nh h thng xchti. Nu la c m t cha t yu cu th phi sy n khi thc t m 14-15%theo yu cu ri chuyn vo xilo tn tr. Trong qu trnh tn tr trong xilo phi thngxuyn kim tra nhit , m ( 1 thng 1 ln i vi la v 15 ngy 1 ln i vi go).

Nu nguyn liu trong xilo b tng nhit hoc m th cho qut thng gi t pha

di ln lun gi c iu kin tn tr nguyn liu tt nht. Trnh lm gim chtlng nguyn liu mt cch ti u nht. Nu thi qut vn khng c tc dng th phio la qua xilo khc. La d tr cao nht khong 2 thng trong xilo.

Khi sn xut go, ta chuyn la t xilo ra ngoi bng h thng qut gi thi thcti gu ti v chuyn qua bng ti i vo my sng tp cht. Ti y, cc tp cht c

bt tht k li mt ln na qua my sng tp cht c qut ht v my sn trc khivo my xay.

Thc sau khi vo my xay tch v tru, v c bc ra khi phi nhm lmtng cht lng sn phm, to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh ch bin. Lc ny ta thu

c sn phm chnh l go lc, bn cnh l tru, hn hp tru thc v go lc. Saukhi xay, ton b hn hp s c a qua qut, s dng kh ng hc thi v tru bayra mt pha, vt ti chuyn v tru ra ngoi v s dng qut ht ht tru n bunglng.

Hn hp go lc v la c chuyn qua sng gn vi mc ch tch la ra richuyn vo my xay li, go lc tip tc vo my xt trng bc i lp lc trn go.Lp lc ny tuy c nhiu vitamin, hm lng cht dinh dng cao nhng cng chanhiu cellulose lm mt gi tr cm quan ca sn phm v gy kh khn trong qu trnhnu cng nh gy kh tiu cho ng tiu ha nn cn phi c xt ht lp lc ny.

Sau khi xt cm, ht go c trng nhng b mt cha c lng nn ta lm bnggo nh thit b xoa bng. Go trng i qua thit b xoa bng c xt thm mt ln na lm b mt ht go nhn hn. Khi hot ng, my xoa bng c phun vo bn trongmt lng nh nc lm t phn bn ngoi ht go, lm ht go c bao bc

bi mt lp o hi m, gip thun li cho qu trnh nh bng m khng lm gy go.Tip theo, chuyn go c nh bng qua my bt thc v tp cht m

bo go trng c tinh khit cao nht. Sau ta a go vo hai cng on tch nhsng o v sng trng.

sng o, ta tch ra lm 3 loi l: tm 3-4 bao gm nhng ht qu nh, bn

cho cc cng ty thc n gia sc; gao ci bao gm nhng ht go cn nguyn v to saucc qu trnh, y l go c cht lng tt nht; cn li l hn hp tm (tm 1-2 v tm


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3-4), go nguyn v go gy. Hn hp tm trn c a vo sng trng, y sngtrng cng tch hn hp ra thnh 3 loi l: tm 1-2, 2-3 c th dng phi trn vi gonguyn cho ra go thnh phm c t l tm t 5-25% tm hoc chuyn qua thnh phmgo tm hoc bn cho cc cng ty thc n gia sc; go gy dng phi trn vi go

nguyn theo t l nht nh, ty thuc vo n t hng; cui cng l go nguyn nhhn go ci.

Sau khi phn loi, cc loi go, tm c a n thng phi trn chun btrn go theo nhng t l nht nh ty theo n t hng.

Cui cng ta c go thnh phm, nu go thnh phm qu m do trong qutrnh xoa bng go c to mt lp m ph bn ngoi, ta chuyn vo thng sy t m theo yu cu (14%).3.2.1. CC CNG ON3.2.1Hut

- Muc ch: hut lua t ngoai vao e chuyen en cacqua trnh x ly lua tiep theo.

- Nguyen tac: Lua c van chuyen ve nha may bangthuyen hay xe tai. Sau o, lua se c hut vao trong nhmay hut roi chuyen xuong gau tai. Gau tai se ay lualen va theo ng ong vao cac thiet b x ly tiep theo.2.3.1. Sang tap chat

- Muc ch: loai bo cac tap chat nh cat bui ra khoi lua.- Nguyen tac:

au tien, lua se c em can bang can kiemlng e phuc vu cho viec tnh toan lng ton that sau nay.

Tiep theo, lua c a qua may sang lac phangPH250A: nang suat la 23-25 tan/h ( oi vi lua tho), 30-35tan/h (oi vi lua kho),cong suat 4,8 kW. Cac tap chat nhcat, buise c loai ra khi qua may sang.2.3.2. Say

- Muc ch: Lam giam o am cua lua e tang thi gianbao quan trong silo.

- Nguyen tac:Lua c tien hanh o o am trc. Neulua co o am thap (14-15%) th se a vao cac silo cha.Neu lua co o am cao th c a vao cac silo nho echuan b a vao thiet b say.

- Thiet b say s dung la thap say loai LRD20E, nhieto 45-55oC, cong suat buong ot la 2,2 kW, quat say la 55kW.

- Lua sau khi say neu at c o am theo yeu cau thse c a vao silo cha con neu cha at se c chuyen


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vao cac silo nho khac e say tiep cho en khi at o amyeu cau th mi chuyen vao cac silo ln e cha.

- Lua trc khi c a vao silo ln e cha se ccan kiem lng lan th 2 e xac nh lng ton that.

2.3.3. Sang a- Muc ch: Tach san ra khoi nguyen lieu e tang hieu

suat xay, tranh lam hong thiet b trong khi hoat ong donguyen lieu co lan san.

- Nguyen tac:T silo, lua c chuyen ti may sang etach tap chat. Thiet b s dung la may tach san GA100BG:nang suat 3,5-4 tan/h (oi vi hat dai), 4-5 tan/h (oi vihat tron), cong suat 2,2 kW.

- Thiet b hoat ong theo nguyen ly kh ong hoc. Kh

c chuyen qua lp lua, v co trong lng nho nen lua senoi len tren on san co trong lng ln se lang xuong vac gan a ra ngoai.2.3.4. Xay

- Muc ch: Tach trau.- Nguyen tac:Lua sau khi a tach het san c chuyen

en may xay bang vt tai. Ty le boc vo cua may xay la85-90%, san pham gom 3 loai: Trau c thoi ra kho cha,lua c hoan lu tr lai may xay, gao lc c chuyen en

may gan.2.3.5. Gan:

- Muc ch: tach thoc con lan trong gao lc.- Nguyen tac: Nguyen lieu c phan tach thanh 3 loai:

+ Lua c hoan lu tr lai may xay e tach vo trau.+ Hon hp gao lua c hoan lu tr lai sang gan.+ Gao lc c chuyen en may xat

- Thiet b s dung la sang gan loai PS60E: la thiet bphan rieng hoat ong da tren s khac nhau ve trong lng

gia lua va gao. Nang suat 2,4-3,6 tan/h (oi vi hatngan), 1,8-2,8 tan/h (oi vi hat dai), cong suat 0,75 kW.2.3.6. Xat

- Muc ch: tach lp vo cam cua gao.- Nguyen tac:Hat gao c mai xat gia be mat bang

a mai cua mot khoi quay hnh tru vi cac thanh xat bangcao su vi so vong quay la 260 vong/phut. Luong gio tben ngoai thoi vao theo cac khe lien ke cac thanh cao su cotac dung giai nhiet hat gao va tach phan cam sinh ra motcach triet e. Buong xat c phan thanh nhieu cot xat


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oc lap, ac biet cac gan cua li xat hng cac hat gaoi theo mot lo trnh nhat nh trong buong xat.

- Thiet b s dung la may xat ng loai IRW40B: congsuat 20-30 kW, nang suat 4-6 tan/h.

2.3.7. anh bong- Muc ch: lam trang va bong hat gao.- Nguyen tac: Tuy theo yeu cau san xuat, gao se c

anh bong 1 lan hoac 2 lan.Neu thc hien anh bong 2lan th gao c a vao thung lam mat trc e ha nhieto v nhiet o cao trong qua trnh anh bong lan 1 co thelam h gao.

- Thiet b la loai KB40G: cong suat 22 kW, nang suat 3-4tan/h.

2.3.8. Sang lan 1- Muc ch : phan loai hon hp trong nguyen lieu.- Nguyen tac:Gao c a vao may sang ao e phan

thanh 3 loai:

+ Tam 3/4 c chuyen ra ngoai ong goi.

+ Gao nguyen c chuyen thang i phoi tron.

+ Hon hp tam va gao c a vao may sang lan II- Thiet b s dung la sang rung ST527R: nang suat 6

tan/h,cong suat 0,75 kW.2.3.9. Sang lan 2

- Muc ch: tach hon hp tam gao ra.- Nguyen tac: Hon hp c a vao may sang trong

va c chia lam 3 loai:

+ Gao nguyen c a vao bin cha gao nguyen.

+ Gao gay c a vao bin cha gao gay.

+ Tam hon hp c a vao bin cha thch hp- Thiet b s dung la loai LRG306EB

2.3.10. Tach mau- Muc ch: phan loai nhng hat trang,vang, o va thoclan.

- Nguyen tac:Tuy theo yeu cau ma gao sau khi phoitron se c a vao may tach mau.

+ Tach hat bac bung trong gao xat

+ Tach hat gao khong phai gao nep trong gao nep

+ Tach hat mau trong gao xat- Loai may GS588 AIS: nang suat 6 tan.h ; cong suat 2,4 kW

2.3.11. ng gi


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- Nguyen tac: gao c em can sau o c ong goilai ra gao thanh pham.

- Mc ch: gip bo qun, vn chuyn, lu tr v phn phi c thun li.3.3. MY MC THIT B

3.3.1. My sng tp cht

Hnh 7: My sng tp cht3.3.1.1.Gii thieu chung

- PH 250A la mot loai may sang co nang suat ln, cocac qua trnh loai bo tap chat triet e va hieu qua.

- ieu kien ly tng e s dung may la trong giai oantiep nhan trc khi say va lu tr.

- S sap xep hp ly va hieu qua cua cac loai lisang giup may at nang suat ln.

- May co he thong quat hut ln lam tang hieu quaphan tach tap chat.

- May cung co the s dung trong cac qua trnh lamsach giai oan cuoi ( trc khi cho lua vao may xay) bangcach thay li trong va li giat bang loai li co kchthc lo thch hp.

- Lua sau khi lam sach tap chat co the lay ra t cachng : ben trai, ben phai hoac gia may.3.3.1.2.ac tnh ky thuat

- Model: PH 250A- Nang suat:

+ Theo lua tho ( o am 25%, t le tap chat < 3%): 23-25 T/h.


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+ Theo lua kho ( o am 18%, t le tap chat < 3%): 30-35 T/h

- Cong suat ong c:

+ Motor rai lieu: 0,4 kW

+ Motor quay sang trong: 2,2 kW+ Motor lam chuye ong sang giat: 2,2 kW

- Kch thc: 3105(L) x 3450(W) x 4905(H) mm.- Toc o:

+ Rai lieu: 140-160 v/ph.

+ Sang trong : 13 v/ph.

+ Choi cao su cho sang trong: 25 v/ph.

+ Truc gia: 35 v/ph.

+ Sang giat : 380 v/ph.+ Choi cao su cho sang giat : 30 v/ph.

- Kch thc lo sang :

+ Sang trong: lo hnh luc giac , canh 20 mm.

+ Sang giat: lo tron, ng knh 9mm.- Trong lng may: 2800 kg

3.3.1.3. Cau tao va nguyen ly hoat ong

Cau tao


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Nguyen ly hoat ong- Lua c cho vao tren nh cua thung , va c

phan bo thanh hai phan hai ben nh s quay tron cuabo phan rai lieu. Van va cuon nap lieu se ieu chnh luathanh dong.

- Lua sau khi qua cuon nap lieu vao sang trong vigoc o c ieu chnh bang mot van ieu chnh at phangoai.

- Sang trong la mot ong hnh tru bang thep vi cac

lo hnh luc giac. Tap chat co kch thc ln se c giben ngoai ong li va theo ng dan i ra ngoai. Lua va


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bui se lot qua lo sang roi theo cac a ben trong chuyenxuong di .

- Sau khi ra khoi sang trong, lua se i vao buong hutbui. Tai ay, bui va tap chat nho c tach ra nh quat

hut.- Sau giai oan hut , lua se i en bo phan phan phoi

e tach thanh hai dong .Moi dong se i vao sang giatrieng cua tng dong. Motor sang giat se tao c cau lechtam lam sang lac theo phng ngang.

- Tap chat khong vao c lo sang giat se c loaira ngoai theo ng rieng.

- Lua sach se qua li sang va ra khoi may theong thao lieu.

- Sang trong va sang giat eu co choi cao su tngng e lam sach va thong lo trong suot qua trnh vanhanh .

- Tap chat nho nh cat, bui con laise i qua cac locua tam chan va c a ra ngoai.3.3.1.4.Chuan b van hanh

- Kiem tra sc cang cua day xch, day ai, kiem tra axch va bu-long

- Boi trn cac bo phan truyen ong, thay dau hop

giam toc:+ Lan au: sau khi van hanh c 100h au.

+ Lan sau: c moi 500h van hanh th thay dau motlan.

+ Neu may khong s dung qua 6 thang th thay dautrc khi van hanh

- Lam sach cac bui ban, cat, a trong may, phaichac chan rang khong co tap chat con sot lao trong may.

- Van hanh khong tai: sau khi kiem tra s bo va baodng xong th bat au van hanh khong tai trong mot luce kiem tra o rung, vong quay, chieu quay cua sang trong,xch va cac bo phan truyen ong khac. Kiem tra xem coam thanh la, co s rung bat thng hay s phat nhiet khong.Kiem tra cac choi cao su co chuyen ong song song vi matsang khong.3.3.1.5.Van hanh

- Khi ong motor theo trnh t sau:

+ Motor sang trong.+ Motor sang giat.


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+ Motor bo phan rai lieu- Khi tat cac motor th ta tien hanh theo chieu ngc lai.- Lua c phan tan nh bo phan rai lieu va chia

thanh hai phan i vao ben trong may. Neu co s chenh

lech ln gia hai phan th ta ieu chnh v tr cua ong nhaplieu sao cho lua ri vao tam a cua bo phan rai lieu. Bophan giam toc c thiet lap thang 4-6.Tuy thuoc vaoo am va ty le tap chat ma ta thay oi toc o cho phuhp.

- Neu lua co xu hng lai trong thung pha tren makhong chay xuong th ta ieu chnh van (3) bang cach xoaytay cam (i) tren may sang v tr OPEN .

- Neu lua khong qua c sang trong va b loai ra ngoai

cung vi tap chat th ieu chn goc tiep xuac gia lua vasang trong bang cach xoay tay cam (ii)sang v tr OPEN.

- Neu tap chat nam lai tren sangtrong ma khong thai ra ngoai c th taieu chnh sang v tr CLOSE.

- ieu chnh quat hut bui thch hpe tach het bui ra ma khong hut baylua.

- ieu chnh lng nhap lieu e lng lua i vao sanggiat la thch hp.3.3.1.6.S co va cach khac phuc:

Trieuchng

Nguyen nhan Khac phuc

H hong cacthiet b lienket lam choquy trnh b

dng hay tamngng

Can t onghay gau tai bnghet

Sa cha may b hong.Khi van hanh lai , chu ykhi ong cac motor theptrnh t: motor quay xch tai,

motor sang giat, motor cuarai lieu

Bo phan railieu khonghoat ong

a)H hop giamtoc:

(1)Day danien cua motorhong

(2)Motor bchay

(3)Banh rang

a) Trong trng hp (1): thayday dan.

Trong trng hp (2), (3), (4):thay motor/ hop giam toc.Neu cha the thay the ngaymotor/ hop giam toc nhngquy trnh oi hoi may sang

phai tiep tuc hoat ong, ta


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d)Sang trong bh

o rung batthng

a)Day courore bchung

b)Long oc truccam hay lisang giatc)Truc lech tamhay vong emb mon

a)Tang o cang bangcach keo cang puly

(truyen ong). Neu vancon b chung th phai thayday courore.b) Siet chat lai.c) Thay the

Tieng on ttruc cam

a)Vong em bkho daub)Long oc/ bu-

longc)a em bmat chot sathay b rung ao

a)Vo daub)Siet chat/ thay thec)Thay the chot sat/ a

em/truc cam

Gay lo xo a)Lo xo b giondan en gay.b)Rung ongqua mcc)Bo phan lap

rap b hong

a)Thay theb)Kiem tra e chac rangpuly ch V a c sdung. Thay the neu can.c)Xem xet nguyen nhan b

hoac c va lien he vinha san xuat3.3.2. My sy3.3.2.1.Chc nang Chung loai

- Chc nang: Say lua co o am cao ve o am thchhp cho qua trnh xay xat sau nay cung nh gop phan lamtang thi gian bao quan nguyen lieu.

- Chung loai: May say dang thap, kieu LDR20E, san xuattai Nhat ban.

3.3.2.2.ac tnh ky thuat- Model: LDR20E- Sc cha: 20 tan- Lng lieu chay: 25 tan/gi- Thi gian say: 30 60 phut- Giam am o moi chu ky say: 1 2.5%- Nhiet o khi say nong: 50 650C- Nang lng can e say ( vi nhiet o 270C ): 950000

Kcal/gi

- Ky hieu buong say: RC 1115 GEM- Ky hieu buong ot: FGA 8


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- Tieu hao dau: 40 115 lt/gi- Ten dau: Solar oil- Cot ap: 160mmH2O- Ky hieu quat hut bui: LLA_ 8 4

- Lu lng thoi ( hut ) : 1000m/phut- Cong suat yeu cau van xoay: 0.2 Kw 1/1000 4P- Buong ot: 2.2 Kw ; 2.5 Kw- Quat hut bui ( motor ) : 55Kw ; 4P- Vt tai buong say ( tren nh ) : 2.2 Kw ; 1/15 ; 4P- Tong cong suat yeu cau: 53.3 Kw- Trong lng tnh buong say: gan 9.4 tan ( khong tnh

quat va buong ot)ac tnh ky thuat co the thay oi tuy ieu kien thc

te, tuy nhien s khac biet nay se nam trong khoang 20%.3.3.2.3. Lu trong vn hnh Dong chay va sc cha buong say

Ca 2 c tnh toan tren c s t trong rieng cua luala 0.6 tan/m. Neu lua co t trong rieng khac th thay oigia tr c ban 0.6 tan/m e tnh dong chay va sc chathat s. Ngoai ra no co the khac tuy theo tnh chat vat kycua hat ( am o, hnh dang, goc ri t do). Tuy nhien skhac biet ch trong khoang tren di 20%

o gay cua hat- Neu lua co o gay tren 20% hoac neu hat de b

v t nhien ( hoac ly do khac) th phai say vi nhiet othap hn tieu chuan.

- Lu y: Co trng hp lua co hn 20% hat v, rannt nguyen thuy, mac du nhn be mat ben ngoai bnhthng trc khi say. Nhng hat nay de dang b gay khisay.

Ghi chu: T le gay gia tang = ( t le khi say ) ( tle gay trc khi say )

3.3.2.4.Cau tao


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Hnh 9: Thp sy

Bo phan tren nh thap say:- Co 1 vt tai e phan phoi lieu cho buong say.- Bo phan cam bien c at trong thap bao hieu

mc o cha ay lua trong thap va se gi tn hieu en

he thong ieu khien may say e ong hoac m bang taithao lieu va khi ong may say.

Cau tao buong say:- ng dan kh nong va ong dan kh thoat t ong dan

hi nong c sap xep luan phien khoang trong theochieu ngang, chung se c lu thong theo chieu ngang. ngdan kh nong co ca vao va ong dan kh thoat co ca ra.V the ong dan kh nh vay se cung cap 1 lng kh on nhcho quat e say cho hat eu nhau trong thap say.


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- Ca kh nong va kh lanh eu c thoi ti lp hat dicung cua buong say khi ong hoac m nap chan.

- Lp lua thap nhat trong qua trnh say se c xienmau kiem tra xem a at o am can thiet cha, neu a at

yeu cau th c chuyen vao silo, neu cha at yeu cau thtiep tuc c hoan lu say lan hai bang cach ieu chnhdong khong kh ong dan kh thap nhat bang cach onghay m ca gio v tr thap nhat cua may say.

- Ong dan kh nong thap nhat trong than thap say cieu khien bang bo cam bien nhiet, cam bien nay cnoi vi bo phan ch th bang day ch.

- Ca so quan sat c lap 2 ben thap va ben hongbuong say e de dang quan sat lieu chay ben trong.

Hnh 10: Chiu i ca lung kh

Phan xa lieu:- Hai van xa vi 6 tam xa at tren mang xa nghiengbuong say. Khi 2 truc quay ngc chieu nhau se cuon lua rixuong gau tai.

- Van xa c ieu khien bang motor hop giam toc( 1/100 ) lien tuc hoat ong trong thi gian an nh ( 30 60giay ) bi tn hieu t he thong ieu khien say.

- Kha nang xa lieu trong 30 vong/phut se cho nangsuat 33m/gi.

- Van xa c noi vi motor hop giam toc bi daysen.


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Quat hut va mang dan kh nong / kh thoat:- Kh nong c tao ra t buong nhiet va c thoi

vao trong buong say bang he thong dan kh nong va quathut.

- Khoang tren cua ong dan kh nong va ong thai khnho hn phan di e cung cap eu lng kh ti moi khuvc say.

- Ca 2 ong dan va thai tac nhan say eu c ganthem nhng thanh tr lc, nhng thanh nay c dung nh labac thang e kiem tra mat cat t nh.3.3.2.5.Chuan b van hanh

- Kiem tra xiet chat cac bulon, cang day sen, cang dayai.

- Kiem tra cac van xa, vt tai, quat hut bui, bulon, con tan.- Kiem tra chieu quay van xa va cho chay 1 luc va xem

nghe tieng co bnh thng hay b qua nhiet.- Quat thoi, vo dau m o bi, kiem tra chieu quay va cho

chay th 1 luc.- ieu chnh nap chan e ieu khien bang tay nhe

nhang ( ieu chnh kiem tra toc o, chnh vt ieu khientoc o tren xilanh ong m ):


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+ Van nhe vt ieu khien toc o bang vt nho se lamgiam lng kh thoat tc la lam cham i toc o piston,xilanh.

+ Vt ieu chnh so 1 e ieu chnh piston, con vtieu chnh so 2 la ieu chnh ngc lai.

+ Quay ngc lai vt ieu chnh gan 0.5mm ( 1 lan ) sem ay. Con neu m hn se khong lam thay oi van toc.

+ng van vt ieu chnh ti hn6mm ( 5mm trong trng hp 125 botnh t mat cuoi em )

+Khong e long oc khoa.

+Quan sat s co ve kh ( ro r ).

+Kiem tra kh ro r trong ng ongmoi xilanh.

+Kiem tra ong dan dau: S ro rdau se gay nhieu nguy hiem. Nose xay ra s co buong ot.

+Kiem tra ro r dau nhng chonoi cua ong.3.3.2.6. Van hanh

Chng ta cn phi khi ng cng lc bng ti v cc

thit b khc. Nh vay dau ot cungphai hoat ong ong thi ( yeu

cau xem bang hng dan s dung

di ay trc khi van hanh ) :

S o van hanh:Khi ong

Van hanh tren bang

Tn hieu tren bangien t

Van hanh cuangi ieu

Xem hoat ong

oc mo ta trohng dan

Xem hoat ong thiet b

tren bang ie


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+ An ON bang tai trc buong say

+ An ON bang tai sau buong say.

+ Chon nhiet kh nong

+ Chon thoi kh nong hay lanh cho phan di buong

say.+ Chon thi gian van hanh cho van xa.

+ Chuyen sang ON cong tac khi ong buong say.

+ Quat .ON

+ Vt tai o lieu ..ON

+ M van ong m phan di buong uON

ot trong khoang nhiet o a chon

+ Van hanh say nong trong 30 phut.+ 30 phut sau khi anh la th bat au xa lu.

+ Tiep tuc nap lua theo tn hieu t cong tac mc+ Neu cong tac mc khong co tn hieu sau thi gian

an nh ( 10 phut ) au ket thuc say. Ket thuctrong 30 phut.

+ Bat au xa lua sau khi ket thuc say.

+ Se t ong tat ( nguoi )

+ 70 phut sau khi ngng ot, ngng quat, vt tai.

+ Sau khi lua xa het ra khoi buong say.Bang tai trc may say OFFBang tai sau may say..OFF

Phng phap van hanh:- Nhiet o c an nh bi phoi hp cua bang chia

nhiet o chnh, phu. Bang chia nhiet o chnh an nh nhiet

o kh nong. Bang chia nhiet o phu an nh nhiet o nongnhng nho hn 5.

Cong tac mc buong say bat


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- Lo chnh sai so se c chnh ve v tr tan cungben trai e giam toi a sai so van hanh.

ieu khien buong ot:- oi vi nhiet o cao:

Hon hp ot nong t buong ot nut ON cho ti khikim ch th nhiet o ot ti gia tr a c an nh ( otnong cao)

- ot nhiet o thap:Khi nhiet o ch th vt qua gia tr vong chia nhiet

o phu nhng khong ti gia tr cua vong chia chnh, c goila ot nong thap.

- Ngng ot:Khi nhiet o vt qua gia tr noi phan 2 va vt

hn gia tr an nh bang chia chnh th buong ot t ongngat. ( Nh the khi kim nhiet o xuong qua v tr quy nh,qua trnh ot bat au tr lai)

- Thi ke trong bang ien:Thi ke a chuyen t ot thap len ot cao khi kim

nhiet o at gia tr an nh bi bang chia phu.Thi ke thng c at 5 10 giay, tuy nhien no

con phu thuoc theo ieu kien van hanh cu the.- Ngat la ( s co):

Khi en bao co s co chay ( ON) r le bao ve se hoatong, ly do co the v truc trac mat than, van, bm, hoachet dau Tm ra nguyen nhan va khac phuc, sau o an lair le bao ve ( R le bao ve nam ben trong bang ien )


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3.3.2.7.Bao tr va kiem tra

1. Kiem tra tng thi ky van xa, nap chan cua quathut bui.

2. Kiem o trung sen va bang tai, day ai.

3. Cho dau nht vao nhng cho quay thng ky: Sen ong c ( motor xa )

Mc dau: 90 Dau nht may................ ti mc quinh

Day sen: 90 Nht may ................. vo thng ky

O bi: M bo ............................... vothng ky

O bi quat hut bui ..................................... vo mthng ky

4. Phan than buong say: ( phan pheu)S phan tch tu bui, rm rac ben trong se tao nen truc

trac cho viec xa lua. M cua quan sat thng ky e lamsach. Hoac thay pheu m tam ben hong cua mang gio trongkhu may say.

5. Van xa:Khi ngng may, kiem tra o chay tran cua lua t van

xa. Neu o chay tran tang len th van xa co the b biendang. Thao van xa t khung may va kiem tra o bien dangneu co go lai bang bua Tot nhat la phai hieu biet ayu e trang s co xay ra. Thao ra ngoai e kiem tra moi

ngay.au tien, ay ca quan sat ra v tr ON trc khi kiem tra.

Sau khi quan sat xong, ong ca lai quay tr lai v tr OFF cuaen bao, va tiep tuc van hanh.

Van chac cac bu lon va vt, con tan.

Lu y:- Can than kiem tra bu lon va vt bo van xa lieu.

ieu chnh o cang cua day sen.- ieu chnh o cang day sen vi da day sen.

- Bao dng gi gn may luc khong s dung.- Lam sach may, nhat la ben trong, lam sach rm, hatlep, bui bam vao may.

- Lam sach vt tai nap lieu, bo van xa lieu, motor hopgiam toc, da sen, day sen.

SVTH: Trnh Th Tuyt Anh 42


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- Sau thi gian ngh, muon chay tr lai, phai vanhanh may vi buong ot nhiet o thap mot ngay , cap tnhat.3.3.2.8 Trieu chng h hong va khac phuc

Trieu chng Nguyen do Cach sa cha

Khong co iennguon

(en bao capnguon ng OFF)

Hong ien nguon phong ieukhien khong co uien ON

An lai nut ON AUTOMAT( ro le nhiet )

ien nguon conhng motor khongchay

- R le nhietkhong tac dung

- Hong day hoac

cho noi day.- Van xa lieu va

van gi lieu khongxoay

- Kiem tra gia trcng o an toan rle nhiet.at gia tr = cngo motor x 1.2

- Sa day dan lai.

- G rac bam vaovan. Tat van xa lam vesinh

Quat hut bui hong - Quat quay ngcchieu

- Day noi khong

tot- ien ap thatthng

- oi chieu quaymotor- Sa lai day noi

- Kiem tra 3 pha, 200Vcap ien sao choung.

Ket gau nang - Chnh day gau

- Day gau chaylech 1 ben

- Hat lua ket trongvan

( van xa va vangi)- Van xa va van

gi b bien dang

- Kiem tra qua caso va tang lai ( neutrung)- ieu chnh cho

day chay ung gia- Lam sach van

- Sa lai

Xilanh kh nenkhong lam

- Bm kh nenkhong chay

- Chay bm kh nenva ieu chnh ung



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- Kiem tra so lngdau trong bon vacap lai cho u.

Ch th cong tacmc en baokhong sang

- Noi day enkhong ung.

- Bui va rac banbam vao cong tacmc van xa

- Noi lai day.

- Lam ve sinh congtac mc.

3.3.3. My tch sn

Hnh 11: My tch sn3.3.3.1.ac tnh ky thuat

- Kieu may : GA100BG

- Nang suat nhap lieu :

+ oi vi hat dai : 3.5 4 tan /h

+ oi vi hat ngan : 4 5 tan /h- Cong suat : 2.2 kW (3pha ,200V, 6 cc ,hoan toan ong

kn )

- Kch thc hnh hoc :



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+ Dai : 1965 mm

+ Rong : 1376.5 mm

+ Cao : 2407 mm

- Van toc quay :

+ Quat :1140vong /phut

+ Cam : 450 vong /phut

+ Vt tai : 330 vong /phut

- Cac thong so cua ong c :

+ Motor cua truc lan nhap lieu : 5IK90GS_CTF,90W -200V

+ Motor cua quat va cam : FA146010223 , 2.2kW 200V

- Lu lng dong kh cua quat hut : 10m3 /phut

- Trong lng thiet b : 490 kg

- Ni san xuat :Cong ty Satake _ Nhat Ban

3.3.3.2 Cong dung

- Sau khi lua c lay ra khoi cac silo cha nhieu tapchat c a qua sang lac phang e tach cac tap chat nhonhat (cat , bui ban ) hay cac tap chat ln (nh cac bulong , ocvt b ri ra trong cac khau van chuyen ).

- May tach san dung e tach cac tap chat nang cokch thc tng ng hat lua ma cac loai sang thong thngkhong the tach ra c.

3.3.3.3 Cau tao c che hoat ong

Cau tao



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C che hoat ong:

May tach san hoat ong theo nguyen ly kh ong hoc, datren s khac nhau ve ty trong. Kh c chuyen qua lp lua, vco trong lng nho nen lua se noi len tren va ri xuong theogoc nghieng cua sang, con san co trong lng ln se langxuong va c gan a ra ngoai.

- Hop phan phoi ieu chnh can oi dong nhap lieuvao sang ben trai va sang ben phai.



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- Dong hat t hop phan phoi se ri vao khay chia lieuroi i xuong mat sang co nhieu mat li.

- Tren sang, san c tach ra bi hop dao ong cung

vi dong kh t quat thoi. San se c tap trung van thaosan. Khi so lng san a u, nh cam bien, van thao san tong b gat xuong, va san ri ra vao hop thao san va i rangoai.

- Nh quat thoi, cac chat ban khac cua lua se rixuong cai pheu di va thao ra ngoai bi quat hut.

- Trong thiet b co motor thay oi cc. Khi lua c cungcap, cam bien se phat ong motor van hanh vi 6 cc, va khicung cap xong th motor se chay vi 12 cc e ngan chan luab phan tan bi dong kh thoi.

3.3.3.4. Nguyen tac van hanh

Chuan b trc khi van hanh

- Kiem tra:

+ S dung rong roc motor trong khoang tan so 50Hz

+ Chac chan rang day cua-roa truyen ong c ieu chnhchnh xac e rong roc quay ung v tr cua no, va nhng caichot phai c van chat.



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+ Bat cho quat hut chay va chac chan rang no hut khvi van toc ln hn hoac bang 10m3/phut.

+ Khi may hoat ong, phai chac chan rang nhng ai oc

va then chot c gan chat vi hop dao ong sau khi vanhanh khong tai.

Van hanh:

Hnh 13: Bng iu khin

1. Bat quat hut chay va motor ieu chnh con lan chialieu

2. ieu chnh dong nhap lieu t sau giai oan trc vaohop phan phoi.

3. Gat num ieu khien phan phoi qua trai (hay phai) echia dong nhap lieu vao hai sang.



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4. Van num ieu chnh dong nhap lieu e ieu chnhvan can bang e dong nhap lieu eu an ri xuong sang,tranh b nghen cuc bo.

5. Neu co nhieu ban hoac nhieu khoi hat b von cuc thcam bien trong hop phan phoi se khong hoat ong tot. Khio, phai m nap hop kiem tra va lau sach cam bien bangvai mem.

6. Khi lng san tach ra a at en mc at tren vungcam bien khay tach san, cam bien b kch hoat ong cho vanthao san gat xuong, va san b ri vao hop thao san va ra khoithiet b. Can phai thng xuyen lau chui vo knh bao benngoai cam bien e bao ve tnh nhay cua cam bien (chu ymay phai ngng hoat ong khi lau chui).Gia tr cua cam biennhiet o la 75 oC .Trong qua trnh van hanh , khi nhiet o trongmay vt qua gia tr at th cam bien nhiet o b kch hoat,lam cho may ngng hoat ong e bao ve may khoi h hong.

Hnh 14: B cm bin



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7. Khi toc o dong hat qua mc , cam bien ieu khiendong chay b kch hoat. Luc nay , dong nhap lieu se cieu chnh giam xuong .

8. ieu chnh goc nghieng cua sang se lam thay oidong hat va tao ieu kien e hat noi len tren .ieu chnhkim ch ty le ln hn (goc nghieng tang dan len)bang cahquay tay cam , se trai eu lp hat tren mat sang va lamtang dien tch be mat hat luan chuyen .

ieu chnh goc nghieng cua sang tuy thuoc vao khoilng nhap lieu va o ma sat cua cac hat .Neu kim ch quayve phai goc ln hn , hat se ri nhanh hn , trai mong hn va

noi len tren do dong kh thoi t quat buong di .

9. en huynh quang cung cap tren van thao san .Khi vanvan hanh th bat cong tac en chnh gia may .Khi khongs dung van th phai tat cong tac .

10. e thu c san vung cam bien , ieu chnh goccua buong quat .o day hp ly cua lp san xap x khoang

5mm .e tang goc cua buong quat th van chot ieu chnhtheo chieu kim ong ho .

3.3.3.5. Bo qun v kim tra

- Thnh thoang nen thao sang ra , quet bui va lau chuimat sang bang mieng vai mem khi thay hieu suat sang bgiam do bui ban bam tren mat sang .Khong lam tray xc

mat sang bang viec dung ban chai kim loai e chui .

- Thnh thoang kiem tra day ai truyen ong .



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- Thnh thoang kiem tra chc nang cua van thao san. Sanhoac cac ai oc co the b mac ket au cua van se lamcan tr hoat ong cua no .

- e cam bien hoat ong tot , thnh thoang can phai lauvo kieng bao quanh cam bien bang vai mem .

3.3.3.6. S co va khac phuc

S c Nguyn nhn Khc phc

San khong c

tach het

Co qua nhieu lua

tren sang

-Giam lng nhap

lieu.Toc o nhap lieuthuan li la 5 tan /h

+ Vi hat dai : 3.5 4tan /h

+ Vi hat ngan : 4 5tan /h-ieu chnh gocnghieng cua sang enkhi thay lua noi len

tren .Van toc quay cuaquat giam

ieu chnh cho day ailuon cang

May giat manh -Lau chui khay tach sanbang vai mem 1 tuan 1lan-Siet chat cac chot vaai oc.-Kiem tra cac truc quay

va thay mi neu chungb mon .-Kiem tra cac chot neov tr cua may thatvng chac .

S can tr au Nhieu bui ban se can



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khoang trong kha ln. Do o khi hat thoc chu tac dungcua cac lc keo, nen, ap th vo trau de dang tuot ra.

Kch thc hat thoc:

Loai thoc Dai (mm) Rong(mm) Day (mm)

Thoc hat tron

Thoc hat dai

6.6 8.0

10.4 12.0

2.8 4.2

2.0 3.6

1.8 2.8

1.4 2.6

ac iem cua hat Cac phng phap boc vo

Dang lien

ket cuavo(trau) vanhan

ac iemcua nhan o am 14%

S o bo phancong tac chnhcua may bocvo hat

Phng thc tacdung

Cac manhvo om nhannhng khnglien ket vinhan

Nhan gion

-May xay oitruc cao su.

-May xay 2 thtcoi.

Tac dung c hoctrong thi gianngan lam tuotvo:

-Tac dung: nen,

xe.

-Tac dung: ap,xe.

Qua trnh xay hat con chu anh hng cua cac thong sovat ly nh: o am, hnh dang, kch thc,o ong nhat, tronglng 1000 hat, trong lng rieng, o ran nt, o trang,trong....Trong ieu kien bnh thng vo trau khong de dang btach khoi nhan.V vay muon tach no ra phai tac dung mot

lc u ln,

Trc khi vao may xay phai xac nh ac tnh hat thoc:

- o ong eu cua hat, %.



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- o am cua thoc, %.

- Tap chat lan trong thoc, %.

- o ran nt t nhien cua hat gao,%.

- o trau,%.

3.3.4.3.ac tnh ky thuat

Loai may:

- Paddy Husker: HU10MPC

- Husk Aspirator: HA10MC

So lng may: 5 may.

Nang suat may:

Hat dai: 3.5 5 tan/h

Hat ngan: 4 5.5 tan/h

Cong suat: 7,5 KW (1 ong c keo)

Trong lng:

HU10MPC: 300kg

HAMC: 521kg



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Truc xat:

So lng: 2

Hnh dang: hnh tru rong.

Nong : nhom

Kch thc:

+ Cao 254 mm, ngang 254mm.

+ ng knh cap truc cao su: D = 200mm 225mm.

+ Chieu dai truc cao su: l = 200mm 250mm.

Vat lieu cau tao: s dung nguyen lieu cao su tong hp.

Lp cao su ben ngoai: 35mm.

Lp thep ben trong:15mm

Vong quay truc chnh: 1200 vong/phut.

Vong quay truc phu: 1000 vong/phut.

3.3.4.4.Mo ta may xay Rulo cao su

ay la mot trong tat ca cac may dung thch hp vithoc, hieu suat boc vo cao, t le nat thap. Bo phan chnhcua may la 2 truc cao su. Co the ap cao su len truc ac hoac



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ap len tang rong lam bang thep cuon. Hieu suat boc vova t le nat khong ch phu thuoc vao cac thong so cuamay nh: toc o truc nhanh, truc cham, be rong cua khe hgi 2 mat truc, ieu kieu cap lieu... ma con vao c ly tnh

cua lp cao su ap len truc nhiet o lam viec. Lp cao sunay can co o cng va dai e tao lc ma sat can thiet nhnglau mon va mon eu trong suot chieu dai truc. Sau mot thigian lam viec, lp cao su se mon dan va lam cho be rongkhe ln dan dan en giam hieu qua tach vo hat.

3.3.4.5.Cau tao

Hnh 6: Cau tao may xay



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1) Bo cam bien: cam bien mc nguyen lieu. Khinguyen lieu ay pheu no se kch thch cac xi-lanh hoat ong.

2) Xi-lanh kh: co nhiem vu ong m cac cachan.

3) Ca chan

4) Cong tac.

5) Ap ke A: o ap xuat dong kh vao xi-lanh 2.

6) Ru lo tren truc chnh.

7) Xi-lanh kh: di chuyen truc ong

8) Ru-lo tren truc ong

9) Mang tran: phan phoi lai lu lng hat.

10) Van giam ap B: ieu chnh ap suat khtrong xi-lanh .

11) Ap ke B: o ap suat kh trong xi-lanh 7

12) Van A: ieu chnh kha nang phan rieng

gia gao lc va trau

13) Vt tai gao lc

14) Ca ra gao lc



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hn phan na vo tiep xuc vi truc quay nhanh, nh o voc tach ra khoi nhan.

Mo ta chi tiet hoat ong cua may:

- Bo cam bien 1 se cam bien mc nguyen lieu nhapvao pheu. Khi pheu ay nguyen lieu, bo cam bien se kchhoat xi-lanh 2, m c chan 3 cho nguyen lieu ri xuong.

- Khi ca chan 3 m, xi-lanh 7 cung ong thi hoat ongay ru-lo 8 len truc ong tiep xuc voi ru-lo 6 tren truc chnh.

- Quan sat ap ke 11 va s dung ap ke 10 ieu chnhap suat trong xi-lanh 7 e at t le boc vo mong muon. Thongthng e co t le boc vo 85-90% th ap suat trong xi-lanh 7la 3-4 kg/cm2.

- Sau khi boc vo, mang tran 9 rai eu cac hat vaobuong phan loai kh ong.

- Cac hat sau khi boc vo c phan loai thanh: gao lc,thoc va trau.

- Gao lc va trau c phan chia bang van 12 A. Gao lcc vt tai 13 ay ra ca 14.

- Thoc c vt tai 15 ay ra ca 16.

- Trau c thoi cuon i bang kh, sau o vt tai 18 ay raca 20.



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Hnh 7: S o truyen ong

Cac pu-ly phai thang hang.

Cang cac day cu-roa bang cach:

Motor truc oi: Di chuyen motor 22B.

Truc chnh-truc quat: Di chuyen pu-ly C.

Truc quat-puly em: Di chuyen puly D.



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Puly em-truc vt tai: ieu chnh ai oc E

Kiem tra theo chieu ong cua day cu-roa theo hnh tren.

Hnh 8: Thiet b ieu chnh kh

Phan thiet b ieu chnh kh nen:

- Van 10 A va ap ke 5: ieu chnh ap suat kh vao xi-lanh2(trong khoang 3-4kg/cm2).

- Van 10 B va ap ke 11: ieu chnh ap suat kh vao xi-lanh 7( trong khoang 1.5-2 kg/cm2).


Ap ke 5

Van 10A

Van 10B Ap ke

Cong

Xilanh kh

Ca chan


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Van hanh may:

- Cap lieu vao pheu.

- Bat motor.

- Dung van 10 A ieu chnh ap lc kh cho xi-lanh 2 trongkhoang 3-4 kg/cm2.

- Bat nut ieu khien sang che o AUTO hoac MANUAL.

- Lay mau ca ra 14 e kiem tra t le boc vo. Dungvan 10 B ieu chnh ap xuat kh trong xi-lanh 7 e at t le bocvo mong muon.

- ieu chnh lu lng gio cua quat bang thanh on 24.

- Kiem tra lay mau t ca ra 14, neu co nhieu trau langao lc th ieu chnh t t van 12 A ngc chieu kim ong ho.

- Kiem tra lay mau t ca ra 16, neu co nhieu gao lclan vao thoc th t t ieu chnh van 12 A theo chieu kim ongho. Neu co nhieu trau lan thoc th ieu chnh van 17 B theochieu kim ong ho.

- Ket thuc qua trnh hoat ong tat cong tac.



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Hnh 9: Quat va thanh on 24.

Bao tr - -kiem tra:

- Kiem tra nh k hang tuan ( hoac sau 10 ngay ) cac pu-ly vaday cu-roa.

- Kiem tra rm hay cac vat la co the chuyen ong vaoben trong co the can tr dong chuyen ong cua cac hat.

- Can co san cac ru-lo d tr e thay the cac ru-lo b

mon.

- Ni long cac day cu-roa neu ngng s dung trong thigian dai.

3.3.4.8.Cac yeu to anh hng en qua trnh hoat ong:

Ap suat kh tac ong len cac xi-lanh:

- oi vi xi-lanh 2, ap suat kh e m ca chan chonguyen lieu xuong. Ap suat cang ln ca m cang nhanh.Neu m ca nhanh th hai ru-lo cha kp tiep xuc th se co motlng ln hat khong c boc vo. Ngc lai, neu m ca



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cham nguyen lieu cha xuong ma hai ru-lo a tiep xuc th sechay ru-lo.

- oi vi xi-lanh 7, ap suat kh anh hng en t le boc

vo. Muon tang t le boc vo th tang ap suat kh nhng neuap suat kh cao th gao se gay nhieu.

Hnh 10: Cac xi lanh kh

Cac yeu to lien quan ti ru-lo cao su:

- Do ma sat nen hai lp cao su tren ru-lo b mon dan , khi

o kha nang boc vo trau se giam. V vay can phai kiem trava thay ru-lo nh ky.

- Van toc oi truc co anh hng trc tiep ti nangsuat va hieu suat cua qua trnh xay. Van toc cang ln nang


BO CAM BIEN

XI LANH 2

XI LANH 7


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suat cang cao. Chenh lech van toc cang ln hieu suat bocvo cang cao nhng se lam tang cng o tac dung cac lctac dung vao hat, lam cho hat de b v nat, truc nhanh monva de gay chan ong.

- o cng cua cao su anh hng en hieu suat xay cuamay, truc cao su co o cng thap gao t gay, t le boc vokhong cao va de b mon. Ngc lai truc cao su co o cng caose lam tang t le boc vo, lau mon, nhng cung lam tang tle gay nat.

- Be mat cao su truc nhanh chong mon hn truc cham,thi gian lam viec hu hieu 120- 150 h lien tuc. oi vi truc

cham th thi gian nay khoang 190-200 h. Truc c thay khi D conlai < 130mm.

- e tang t le boc vo can tao c chenh lech vevan toc vong tren hai mat truc bang cach: cau tao hai trucco ng knh khac nhau nhng cung so vong quay hoac haitruc co cung ng knh nhng khac so vong quay nh c cautruyen ong c kh. Do truc boc vo boc cao su mon rat nhanh,

thng xuyen phai thay the nen thng che tao hai truc cocung ng knh. Do vay khi lam viec se mon eu va t sovan toc vong tren truc nhanh va t so vong tren truc chamkhong oi trong suot thi gian lam viec.

- e am bao moi truc quay co so vong khong oitrong khi hai truc b mon dan va ng knh giam dan nhng laiphai gi ke h gi hai mat truc bang cach giam dan khoangcach gia hai ng tam truc, can phai ket cau bo phan

truyen ong thoa man vi yeu cau tren.

- Khi hat di qua khe ep gia hai mat truc th ca hat lanlp cao su eu bien dang. Neu lp cao su qua cng th hat se



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v nhieu. Do vay lp cao su can co o bien dang nhat nhe tranh cho hat khoi b bien dang en mc b gay.

o am cua hat:

- Neu hat co o am cao, kha nang boc vo giam do vo traudai.

- Neu hat qua kho th se de b v nat khi xay. o amthch hp cua hat trong khoang 14-15%

Viec nhap lieu cua may:

- Viec tiep nguyen lieu cho oi truc boc vo la rat quantrong. Lp hat t hop cha lieu chay xuong hoac qua mangdoc cap lieu hoac qua cap truc rai lieu thanh lp mong vaeu suot chieu dai truc. Neu lp lieu don vao gia hoac haiau ra cua truc th o mat truc cao su se b mon nhanh hn,tao khe h khong eu tren suot chieu dai truc dan en cocho boc vo khong triet e, co cho hat b chen gay nhieu

lam giam hieu suat tach vo va nang suat may. ong thitruc chong phai thay v b mon khong eu tren ca chieu daitruc. Khi oi truc cao su mon ti mot gii han nhat nh thphai thay ca oi truc.

- Do o e hieu suat xay cao can lu y: thoc phai eu,lu lng va phai.

3.3.4.9. S co- cach khac phuc:

Nat gao:



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3.3.5. My gn

Hnh 17: My gn

3.3.5.1. Gii thiu:

- Khong giong nh nhng loai sang ray truyen thong, chiecmay nay tan dung s khac nhau ve hnh dang va ty tronggia thoc va gap lt.

- Thoc va gao lt co the c phan tach khong ke enloai va hnh dang cua thoc.

3.3.5.2.Thong so ky thuat



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Loai may PS60E PS40ENang suat au ra (tnh tren gao lt)

2400- 3600kg/h (hatngan)

1600- 2400 kg/h (hatngan)

1800- 2800 kg/h (hatdai)

1200- 1800 kg/h (hatdai)

Nang lng canthiet

200V, 0.75KW 200V, 0.75KW

Toc o quay 195- 205 rpmKch thc Dai 1.36m

Rong 2.01mCao 2.625m

Dai 1.36mRong 2.03mCao 2.52m

- Thong so ky thuat la nhng oi tng co the thay oi,khong co chu y g ac biet.

- Hieu qua va mc o phan tach co the bien oi phuthuoc vao chat lng cua san pham phan tach.

3.3.5.3. Cu to:



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Hnh 18: My gn

1. Nap ay

2. Thung cha

3. Ca chan: cho hay khong cho nguyen lieu ri xuong

4. Kim nh mc: cho biet toc o nhap lieu

5. Num ieu chnh lu lng: ieu chnh dong chay xuonghop phan phoi



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6. Vach chia

7. Hop phan phoi: phan phoi eu hat xuong cac khay gan

8. Bo phan phoi: dan hat xuong cac khay gan

9. Khay gan: ni dien ra qua trnh tach rieng

10. Thanh gia co : co nh cac khay gan

11. Thanh phan chia A: tach ri thoc va hon hp gan

12. Thanh phan chia B: tach ri gao lt va hon hp gan

13. Can ieu khien: dieu khien ca chan

14. Can gat: ong m ca ra gao lt

15. Ca ra cua gao lt

16. Tay quay: ieu chnh goc nghieng cua khay gan

17. Ca ra cua hon hp gan (thoc va gao lt)

18. Ca ra cua thoc

3.3.5.4.Nguyen ly hoat ong:



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Hnh 19: Bieu o quy trnh phan tach

Hnh 13: Nguyen ly tach thoc

Nhap lieu vao may

Nguyen lieu se phan phoi eu xuong cac khay gan taicac goc tren cung cua khay.



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Gao: kch thc nho, ty trong ln nen lot qua c lo ganva b gi lai.

Thoc: kch thc to, ty trong nho nen khong lot qua c

lo gan va b troi theo chieu nghieng cua khay.

Do o, trong qua trnh hoat ong, tren khay se chia ra lam bavung:

Gao lt tap trung pha goc trai.

Thoc tap trung pha goc phai.

gia la hon hp

Nh cac thanh phan chia, gao lc se c lay ra ngoaitheo ca15. Thoc c lay ra theo ca18 va em i xay lai. Honhp c em gan lai theo ca17.

3.3.5.5.Chuan b van hanh

Chay ong c chnh khong tai. Kiem tra hng va toc oquay cua ong c. am bao ong c hoat ong bnh thng,khong co rung ong khac thng, mui hay am thanh la.

May phai c lap at chac chan, co bulong bemay.

ieu chnh v tr ca chan bang oc chan e ca chanco the ong m hoan toan.

Hop phan phoi:



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M ong c chnh va nhap lieu vao cac khay phan tach.Luc nay, ta phai ieu chnh chieu cao cua on can bang trenhop phan phoi sao cho cac hat c nhap lieu eu vao tatca cac khay

Viec phan phoi hat khong ung se lam cho thoc va gaolt tron lan vao nhau hay lam giam hieu suat phan tach.

ieu chnh khay hi nghieng e co the thay c bemat cua nhng phan thap hn.

ieu chnh on can bang sao cho ng bien cau hat va

be mat khay tren tat ca cac khay thang hang nhau khi nhn tben tren.



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Thiet lap lng nhap lieu:

ieu chnh num lu lng 5 e at c mot lng nhaplieu toi u tren khay. Giam lng nhap lieu bang cach vannum theo chieu kim ong ho.

ieu kien nhap lieu toi a la cac hat chay eu haunh tren toan bo be mat khay vi be day t 2-3 hat (6-9 mm)



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Sau khi at c toc o nhap lieu toi u, ni long bulongchan e kim nh mc ch iem tam giac tren ong ho.

Dung tay quay 16 ieu chnh goc nghieng cua khay mot cach

t t.

3.3.5.6.Van hanh:

- Bat ong c chnh.

- M ca chan nhap lieu va cho hat chay vao cac khay.

Lu y khi van hanh:

- Lu lng dong cung cap t may xay nen ln hn nangsuat cua may gan mot chut e tranh tnh trang thung chab trong khi van hanh.



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- V tr ly tng cua thanh phan chia B la nam phan chiagia gao lt va hon hp. Tuy nhien, khi ngi van hanh vangmat trong mot thi gian, thanh co the c dch chuyen ve phagao lt mot chut so vi vo tr ban au.

- Neu viec phan tach khong chnh xac trong qua trnhhoat ong, gat van gao lt en v tr hoan lu va giai quyetnhng van e co the xay ra.

- Phai can than khong cho qua nhieu gao lt lan vaothoc e tranh tnh trang tao nhng hat gay

3.3.5.7.Bao tr va kiem tra

- Trc khi bat au van hanh, kiem tra lai bulong xem co blong khong.

- Day curoa nen c ieu chnh sao cho khi ta lay ngon caian vao iem gia hai banh rang th day b vong xuong t 10-20 mm nh hnh ve:

- Tra dau m thng xuyen vao cac o , truc ong, lauchui bui, vat la



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phoi khong atyeu cau

bo phan phoi.Day cu- roa cni long, atchuan, an toan vachac chan.

d)Bo phan phoicha nhieu bui hayvat la

d)Loai bo chung

e)Be mat cua khaykhong eu

e)Dung bua go evo lai lam be mateu nhau.

9. Nhng lp hatchuyen onghnh song.

a)Cac canh cua lomkhay gan quamon

a)Thay khay gan

b)Chieu sau lomqua nho.

b)Thay khay gan

c) Hnh dang lomkhong hp vi hat( ch thch hp vihat dai)

c) Thay khay gan

12. Hat lptren cung bbat len

Toc o quay qualn

Kiem tra va ieuchnh lai toc oquay.

13. Thoc rivao vung gaolt va khongri vao vung

thoc

a)Lu lng nhaplieu qua ln

a)ieu chnh van lulng

b)Be mat khay bban mot phan

b)Dung choi lamsach

c) Goc nghieng cuakhay qua ln

c) ieu chnh gocnghieng bang tayquay

d)Khay phan tach bmeo hay b biendang

d)Chnh lai khay haythay bang mot caikhac

17. o daycua nhng lphat khong eunhau.

Hat khong ccha ay thungcha trong suotqua trnh vanhanh

o ay hat vaothung cha

18. Kha nangphan tachkem

a)Qua nhieu gao lttren be mat

a)nh v lai v trthanh chan engan gao lt rivao vung thoc

b)Hat b ao quanhieu lan

b)nh v lai v trthanh chan gia



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gao lt va honhp

c) o am hat quacao

c) o lai lng amcha ng

d)o am gia cac

hat khong eu

d)o lai lng am

cha nge)Ty le boc votrau khong phuhp

e)Thiet lap ty leboc vo trau t 85-90

23. Kha nangphan tach vankem sau khi aieu chnhgoc nghiengva lu lngdong nhap

lieu

a)ieu chnh quanhanh va quathng xuyen

a)Theo doi qua trnhphan tach trongmot thi gian, sauo ieu chnh lai

b)Nhng nguyennhan khac

b)Chay may trongmot thi gian choen khi dong nhap

lieu on nh, sauo kiem tra lai.

3.3.6. My xt trng

3.3.6.1.ac tnh ky thuat

Loai may : IRM40B

Nang suat 4 6 tan gao lc /h Cong suat : 20 30 kW

So vong quay : 800 1000 vong / phut

Trong lng : 920 kg

Lu lng dong kh cua quat hut : loai HSB 450 , 22m3 / phut



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t t theo hng +450 en -450. o trang can thiet se atc vi thap

Cac yeu to anh hng en nang suat va hieu qua cuamay xat.

- Lu lng gao vao va ra khoi may- Kha nang thoat cam- o rung cua may- Toc o quay cua truc khoang 13 m/s

3.3.6.6. Cac s co , nguyen nhan va cach khac phuc

Hien tng Nguyen nhan Cach khac phucGao c xat quatrang

Dong nhap lieukhong at yeucau du van nhaplieu a m rong.

Nhiet o cua gaoa xat qua cao.

o trang cua gaokhong at yeucau.

Cam dnh bentrong li thoatcam va ngoainhng vong.

Toc o quay quanhanh.

Xay ra van e pheu nhap lieu. Cam dnh tren vttai.

Vt tai b mon.

Lc ma sat cuatruc a qua ln( khi gao lc cxat bang truc ami hoac la khigao nhap lieu coham am cao).

Truc a hoacdao gat b mon.

Toc o quaycham.

Loai bo cam dnhtren li va lamsach hoan toanbang giay nham.

Gao nhap vao phaico ham am thap Giam toc oquay.

Kiem tra ben trongpheu nhap lieu. Lam sach hoantoan vt tai banggiay nham.Gao nhap vao phai

co ham am thap. Thay the vt taimi.

Lam sach truc asau o chay thvi gao a xat.

Thay truc a mi(khi ng knh cua

truc da giam i hn10mm) hoac thay daogat mi.

Tang toc o



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Cam b thoi rakhoi may.

Gao gay quanhieu.

Tai tren motorkhong on nh.

Goc cua dao gattren li thoatcam khong thchhp. Truc a va dao

gat b mon.

Nang suat cuaquat hut camkhong u. ng ong thuhoi cam b nghetcam.

Truc a b mon. Dao gat b mon. Banh rang trentruc sat b mon. Dao gat tren lithoat cam b mon. Toc o quay cuamay qua nhanh.

Truc a b nghetcam. Truc a b mon.

Banh rang trentruc sat b mon. Cam dnh trongbuong xat cam.

quay. ay dao gat theohng 00 hoac -450.

Thay the cai mi.

Tang toc o quaycua quat neu cothe. Lam sach dngong thu hoi cam.

Thay the bangcai mi. Thay the bangcai mi. Thay the bangcai mi.

Thay the bangcai mi.

Giam toc o quaycua may.

Lam sach trucsat.

Thay cai mi. Thay cai mi.

Lm sach cam.3.3.7. My nh bng

3.3.7.3. ac tnh k thuat

- Loai may: KB40G

- Nang suat: 3000-4000 kg/h- Cong suat tieu thu: 22KW

- Toc o truc quay: 850 vong/ phut.

- Khoi lng: 250kg

- Kch c: 2150x630x930 mm.



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3.3.7.4.Nhiem vu

Lay sach cam con lai sau khi sat tinh va anh bong bemat hat gao nham lam tang gia tr cam quan (o bong), lam

sach cam va tang thi gian bao quan cua gao thanh pham.3.3.7.5. Nguyen tac hoat ong :

- Cho gao can anh bong vao pheu nhap lieu.

- Dung vt ieu chnh lu lng va can ieu khien cachan ay pheu (li ga ) e ieu chnh lu lng vao.

- Gao c van chuyen bang truc xoan en khoang anhbong nam giatruc chnh nam ngang va li chan.

- Khi gao chuyen ong trong khoang anh bong, au tiengao se c phun sng va ao tron eu khoang namgia li chan va truc xuyen, sau o gao c anhbong khoang khong gian nam gia truc thang va lichan.

- Hi sng c tao ra nh bo phan tach nc ( dong khco ap lc u ln xe tan dong nc) va c phun vaogao thong qua cac lo phun sng nam oi xng hai bentruc xuyen.

- Gao c ao tron nh khong gian nam gia truc chnhva li chan lien tuc thay oi.

- Gao c anh bong nh lc ma sat gia chung vi nhau.- Lp cam c tach ra nh ap lc tao ra s cha xat.

Lo81p cam nay khong bam tr lai be mat gao v chungc vo lai vi nhau va c hut ra khoi may thong quacac lo li bang quat hut ( lu lng kh hut khoang 35-40m/s, ap suat chan khong khoang 130-150 mmHg)

- Quat hut cam tao ra dong khong kh thoi vao khoanganh bong ( khoang khong gian nam gia truc thangva li chan). Dong khong kh nay chuyen ong doc theocac ranh rong nam tren truc thang va bung ra cac ben,

no co tac dung ngan chan s tang nhiet o cua gaova thoi cam con dnh tren cac hat gao qua lo li rangoai.



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3.3.7.6.Cau tao

3.3.7.7. Chuan b van hanh

- Kiem tra xem cac buloong va cac ai oc co van chatkhong va o cang cua ai ch V.



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- Khi ong may e xem co am thanh la nao khong. Nhnxem cac banh xe co quay theo kim ong ho khong.

- Quay quat hut cam e kiem tra khong kh co lot qua cacmoi noi khong.

3.3.7.8. Van hanh thiet b : Khi ong:

- Cho gao vao pheu va bat nut ON.- Bat sang che o manual va khi ong motor.- Keo ca chan ay pheu (li ga ) ra va ieu

chnh lu lng ( e khoang 1500-2000 kg/h).- Tao ra mot tr lc bang cach keo tai trong va sau o

nhan cong tac khi ong Air/Water.- Chnh lu lng en khoang 3-5l/h bang cach xoay t

t nut van ( neu la nc) ngc chieu kim ong ho. Sng sec phun vao gao t voi ben trong truc chnh va sau mot lucgao bong o ra. Khi boc nhe neu gao b ong cuc th giamlng nc xuong, trng hp ngc lai th tang lng nc len( van nut ngc chieu kim ong ho).

- Keo tai trong them mot t na e tang tr lc vaieu chnh e at tnh trang tot nhat. Ngay ca khi tnh tranh tothn c lap vao ma yeu cau a c thoa man th cungkhong tang c o bong.

Dng may:- Van nut ieu chnh ( oi vi nc) theo chieu kim

ong ho e ngng nc phun- ong van bang cach nhan nut Air/Water- ong ca chan pheu va tat motor.

ieu khien t ong :Ta co the ieu khien t ong phun sng bang cach xoay

nut chuyen mach sang auto.3.3.7.9. Bao dng va kiem tra:

Kiem tra truc khi van hanh :- Moi ngay phai kiem tra o chat cua ai oc, o

nong cua cac phan t cua may hay nhng tiengong la.- Kiem tra ky day ai co b h, nt hay khong.- Thao nc may nen, may phun hi nc, mayphun sng.

Kiem tra cuoi tuan:



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- e ngan nga viec tron lan vi gao xau, kemchat lng, lam sach thoc, lua trong gau tai sau quatrnh lam trang.- Chui ra sach ong dan va voi phun, nhat la nguonnc co chat lng khong cao.

Hoan oi cac v tr tam li:- Hoan oi au ra, au vao. Tam ben phai, ben trai.

Kiem tra con trt:- Kiem tra con trt sau thang mot lan. v tr con trtnam tai lo th 3 tren truc c em t ngoai vao.- Kiem tra s h hai cua con trt sau thang mot lan.- Kiem tra xem gao co nam trong truc chnh gia contrt va voi phun. Neu co phai lay ra lam sach, thchien 2 thang/ lan.

3.3.7.10. Cac s c, nguyn nhn v cch khc phc

S c Nguyn nhn Cch khc phc

-Ca di pheunhap lieu a mva cho thc hient ong phun sbgnhng kim ch lulng nc khonghoat ong, cung

nh khong co sngphun vao.

-Cong tac nguoncua bm khongm( OFF).

-Van nc trenng ong dan bong

-H van Solenoid.-Nghen bo phanloc li va loc kh.

-Nghen van kim vavoi phun.

-Chuyen cong tacsang ON.

-M van, thao rava lam sach.

-Sa cha hay thay

mi.-Thao ra va lamsach, hay thay mi.

-Thao ra va lamsach.

-Kim chnh lu lngnc khong onnh.

-Khong kh i vaoong nc.

-Nghen bo phanloc.

-Nghen van kim, vancam ng voi.

-Thao voi ra vathem nc choen khi het bot kh.

-Thao ra va lamsach.-Thao ra va lamsach.



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-Sng co phunnhng kim chnh lulng khong chay.

-H ong ho o lulng nc.

-Kiem tra, sacha hay thay the.

-ieu chnh tang

lng phun sngnhng nc vankhong tang.

-Ap suat nc

thap.-H van Solenoid.

-Nghen bo phanloc li va loc kh.

-Nghen van kim vavoi phun.

-Kiem tra bo phan

bm.-Thao ra va lamsach.

-Sa cha hay thaythe.

-Thao ra va lamsach, hoac thaymi

-Thao ra va lam

sach.

-Kh khong thoat rahoac thoat ra t khia m phun sng.

-Ap suat kh thap

-Bo phan tachnc b ngapnc.

- Kiem tra va chnhap lc en khoang1-1.5 kg/cm2.

-Rut nc.

-Ngng phun sngkhi ang chay t

ong

-B s co c ien ong ho.


- che o t ong khi khong conhap lieu nhngsng van phun.

-B s co c ien ong ho.


-Cam dnh vao gaosach

-Cam dnh trongmay dan gao ra.

-Lu lng kh nho

-Lu lng sngnhieu

-Lu lng dongln

-Lam sach may

-o lai dong khneu can thiet thtang len.

-ieu chnh lngsng thch hp.

-ieu chnh thchhp.



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-o trang gaokhong u.

-Kiem tra bo phanlam trang

-Cam dnh vao truclac

-Nc r qua vanSolenoid.

-Thao ra va lamsach, sa cha hay

thay the.

-Nc lot vaokhoang lam trangtrc khi chaymay.

-Hong van Solenoid.

-Khi ieu khienbang tay, congnhan a dngmay qua tre.

-H ong ho.

-Thao ra va lamsach, sa cha haythay the.

-Ngng phun sngsm hn.

-Kiem tra bo phanien trong ongho.

-Nhiet o gaotang cao.

-Cam dnh vaokhoang lam trang.

-Lam sach.

-Khong co dongchay vao.

-Cam dnh trongpheu.

-Lam sach pheu.

3.3.8. My sng oGao sau khi qua xay xat va lau bong c phan loai thanh

gao 5%, 10% tam,... bang thiet b sang ao theo nguyen ly kchc tren li sang. am bao s phan loai chnh xac va chonang suat cao.3.3.8.1.Gii thieu chung



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Co nhieu la chon cho viec ket hp cac loai li sang:Co 226 loai sang li thep khong g khac nhau ang c cungcap.

Khung sang c boc kn hoan toan: Khung sang c boc

kn e ngan chan bui bay ra khoi may, am bao van hanhsach se va tang cng van e ve sinh nha may.3.3.8.3.Chi tiet k thuat :

Model ST527R

W (mm) 1.354

L (mm) 1.160H (mm) 1.950

Weight (kg)* 1.250

Volume (m 3 ) 5,4

Nang suat nhap lieu 6.0 T/h

Nang lng s dung(cong suat ong c)

0.75 kW

So lng sang 7

Van toc quay 200 v/ph

3.3.8.4. Cau tao



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Cau tao gom 7 mat sang co kch thc lo li khac nhau :oi vi gao 5% tam:

Lp li 1,2 = 3 mm

Lp li 3,4 = 2,2 mm

Lp li 5,6 =1,8 mm

Lp li 7 = 1,5 mmoi vi gao 10% tam ch thay lp li 1,2 bang mot lp

li khac co = 2,7 mm.3.3.8.5. Nguyen ly hoat ong

Khi nguyen lieu o xuong mat sang th nhat di tacdung cua sang

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