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BGP

Implementing & Troubleshooting

Tanner

5/23/20085/30/2008

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Agenda

PART 1

BGPFundamentals

BGP and theInternet

PART 2

BGP and theWAN

Troubleshooting2

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PART 1BGP FundamentalsBGP and the Internet

3

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BGP FundamentalsOperations

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Where is BGP used?

INTERNET

!ame" #ni$ue" or %i ed'!(

MP ! WAN

Publi) or Pri*ate '!(5

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A! Autonomous Systems

Te tboo+ ans,er-'n '! is a )onne)ted group o. one ormore IP pre es run b one or morenet,or+ operators ,hi)h has a !I(G1and 1 '41 6 FI( 6 routing poli) 7

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A!N"s Autonomous System Numbers

9 :bit '!(;s 4ange- 0: 5535▪

Publi)- 9: 599▪ Pri*ate- 592: 553

32:bit '!(;s :o)tets

070 to 55357 5535Onl #$ 32:bit '!(;s )urrentl allo)ated

?

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EIGRP and BGP%om&arison

EIGRP BGPRP T(&e @ brid Path Ae)torPeering Me)hanism %ulti)ast/#ni)ast #ni)ast OnlIP Proto)ol*IP*Port 88/22 7070790 T P/9?=

+ello Inter,al 5 se) 0 se)Path !ele)tion B C 6ela BGP 'ttributes

Route Admin-istan)e =0 Int / 9?0 E.t 200 Int / 20 E.t

Net/or0 !tatement 'dds inter.a)es to4P 'nnoun)esnet,or+oo& Pre,ention Feasible 6istan)e '! Path

Alternate Path!ele)tion

Feasible!u))essor BGP table

oad Balan)ingMe)hanism

/# usingAarian)e 1oad sharing/T 8

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Path !ele)tion

'ttributes@ighest eight

@ighest 1o)al Pre.eren)eInternall Originated!hortest '!:Path

%anipulating these attributes)hanges BGP path sele)tion

=

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Terminolog(

attribute EnounPronun)iation- a:trH:b t3 a ,ord as)ribing a $ualit K especially

attribute E transiti,e ,erbPronun)iation- H:tri:b t" :b Ht

9 to e plain b indi)ating a )ause L attributed his su))ess to his )oa)hM

90

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BGP AttributesRFC1771 attributes its success to its attributes

Attribute -ire)tion %omment

Weight Outbound

1o)all signi )ant to router7 Proprietar 76on;t use7

eight o. 32? 8 auto:assigned tooriginated nets

o)alPre Outbound

!hared bet,een iBGP peers7 @igher isbetter7

ME-*Metri) Inbound

'llo,s inNe)tion o. IGP metri) in.o intoBGP

3rigin n/a

i Pre learned *ia BGP net,or+

statementE (ot #sed? 1earned *ia redistribution

A!4Path Inbound Ordered list o. '!;s route has tra*ersed7!horter is better7Ne.t ho& n/a IP address o. the ad*ertising router%ommuni Inbound 99

http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1771.htmlhttp://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1771.html

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BGP AttributesMost Used

In uen)e INB35N- TraQ) The transit path to ou isdetermined b ho, ou announ)e

our routes'! Path Prepend

route-map RM-ISP-OUT set as-path prepend 123 123 123

In uen)e 35TB35N- traQ)

1o)al Pre.eren)e

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BGP Pro)ess 3&erationsPro)essName -es)ri&tion Inter,al

BGP 3&en BGP peer establishment7

't initialiRation" ,henestablishing a T P)onne)tion ,ith a BGP

peer7

BGP I*3Sueuing and pro)essing o. BGPpa)+ets" su)h as #P6'T ! andD P'1IA !7

's BGP )ontrol pa)+ets arere)ei*ed7

BGP!)anner

al+s BGP table and )on rmsrea)habilit o. ne t hops7 he)+s

)onditional:ad*ertisement todetermine ,hether or not BGPshould ad*ertise )onditionpre es7

On)e a minute7

BGPRouter

al)ulates the best BGP path7!ends and re)ei*es routes"establishes peers" and intera)ts,ith routing in.ormation base

3n)e &er se)ond and

/hen adding6 remo,ing6or so t4re)on7guring a 93

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BGP 9 the Internet

95

2:nd A,e * I4#;

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Global IP AssignmentsI'('4egional4egistrarsI!P;s

nd #sers

9

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Address !&a)e -e&letionBGP Movie ( min!

9?

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Global Routing table"o# lar$e is it%

8 imit Pre7.es on %is)o routers

router !p 123"5 ne#!h or 1$1$1$1 ma%#mum-pref#% 300000 &0

-ate Pre7.e s%ar 20"200 935" 5

%ar 98"2005 95?"=?5

'pr 9 "200 98 "530

'pr 29"200? 298"2=8%a 2"2008

25="0?

%a 93"2008 2 "035

98

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RIR /hois

'4I( IP 1oo+up

'.ri(I ountr1oo+up

9=

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T(&i)al I!P Routing3&tions

!ingle:homed" !ingleI!P

Pri*ate '! or !tati)

%ulti:homed" !ingle I!P

Pri*ate '!

%ulti:homed" 6ual I!P

Publi) '! 20

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Pre7. 3rigination&nbound 'ra c

%ommon ElementsI!P;s ,on;t a))ept an thing longer than /2

Pro,ider Aggregate address blo)0 =PA>/2 or shorter .rom I!P Vusti )ation paper,or+" but usuall eas'nnoun)ing another I!P;s pre

Pro,ider Inde&endent address blo)0=PI>

'pplied .or .rom 4I4

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What ind o Routes?)utbound 'ra c

Route T(&e Pre7.es

Re@uired

Memor(Ad,antage -isad,antage

Full Routes 1 2$ 6;

;;1 MB

Best loadsharing

Bogon7ltering

+igh memusage

+igher %P5usage

%ustomer 3nl( 2 6;; ; ##MB

o/ memusage!ome load

share

No bogon7ltering #

%ustomer 2 C5&stream :

1 ;6;;; DDMB Balan)ed

No bogon7ltering #

-e ault 3nl( 1 :2 B o/ memusage Minimal TE1 Based on 2 upstream e BGP peers2 Varies depending on quantity of ISP customers announcing pre xes

: Varies depending on size of upstream carrier # Inbound bogon ltering is still possible, o!e"er outbound !ill not function due to 22

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Memor( Re@uirementsFull BGP Routes

Based on 255D routes C so.t re)on gBGP !ummar sho,s MB #sed

'(P-Router) sh proc mem * # PI+*'(P PI+ TT, llocated .reed /old#n! (et ufs Ret ufs Process 215 0 152 "5 &2 1"30&0" 1"5""3 00 1 1 '(P Router

23" 0 23&01 0 & " 51 "3 1 51 "3 1 '(P I O

235 0 0 2" 2 && 2 0 0 '(P Scanner

'(P-Router) sh #p !p sum

$$$'(P us#n! 5 0 0 && total 4tes of memor4

'dding up pro)esses sho,s 1 :MB #sed

23

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BGP Poli)( %om&onents

Pre7.4lists to lter &re7.es#p pref#%-l#st P - NNOUN67 se8 10 perm#t 1$0$0$0

Filter4lists to lter A!Ns#p as-path access-l#st 1 9123"

Route4ma&s to appl &oli)(route-map RM-ISP-OUT perm#t 10

set as-path prepend 123"

-istribute4lists to sit and ,at)hSource# $%$&G 2', P illip Smit 2

l

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%on7guration E.am&le&SP eBGP Peer #it* Partial Routes

router !p 123" no auto-summar4 no s4nchron#:at#on no !p fast-e%ternal-fallo;er !p lo!-ne#!h or-chan!es ne#!h or 1&2$0$2$233 remote-as 20& ne#!h or 1&2$0$2$233 descr#pt#on e'(P

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Regular E.&ressionsBGP AS Filterin$

-e7ning our A!ip as-path access-list 1 permit ^$

3riginating in A! : #ip as-path access-list 1 permit ^3549$

3riginating in A! : # or 5&stream A!ip as-path access-list 1 permit ^3549$ip as-path access-list 1 permit ^3549 1239$ip as-path access-list 1 permit ^3549_(1239)?$

-en( all nets originating rom A! 12:and &ermit all other routes

ip as-path access-list 1 deny _1239$ip as-path access-list 1 permit .*

2

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BGP Routing TableAnal(sis

-ail( BGP !tats A,ailable

'(P rout#n! ta le entr#es e%am#ned> 2555 2

Pref#%es after ma%#mum a!!re!at#on> 12 10 +ea!!re!at#on factor> 2$01 Un#8ue a!!re!ates announced to Internet> 123& 2Total Ses present #n the Internet Rout#n! Ta le> 2 151 Pref#%es per SN> &$0

;era!e S path len!th ;#s# le #n the Internet Rout#n! Ta le> 3$ Ma% S path len!th ;#s# le> 25 Ma% S path prepend of SN D 3&3 5E 13Pref#%es from unre!#stered SNs #n the Rout#n! Ta le> 25"1" Unre!#stered SNs #n the Rout#n! Ta le> 1 5Pref#%es e#n! announced from unallocated address space> Num er of addresses announced to Internet> 1F 51F2&3F0

Wojciech MisiaszekTelekomunikacja Podlasie Sp.ul. Dobra 14A15- !4 "ial#s$okPoland

2?

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Bogon FilteringManual Met*od

28

3utbound tra ) =,ia inbound route7lter>

#p pref#%-l#st 'O(ONS desc 'o!on net

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Bogon Filtering Automatic Met*od

6o not tr this at homeW%a+e sure ou are a,are o.potential )ompli)ations

2=

router !p H4our asn ne#!h or %$%$%$% remote-as 5333 ne#!h or %$%$%$% e !p-mult#hop 255 ne#!h or %$%$%$% descr#pt#on 64mru 'o!on Route Ser;er ProJect ne#!h or %$%$%$% pref#%-l#st P -6,MRU-OUT out ne#!h or %$%$%$% route-map RM-6,MRU'O(ONS-IN #n ne#!h or %$%$%$% pass

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BGP %ommunities

WE N3WN

no:ad*ertiseno:e port

TE %5!T3M %3MM5NITIE!

I!P must support it T *ia '! path

prepends" lo)alpre.s" trig7 bla)+hole

30

http://www.onesc.net/communities/http://www.onesc.net/communities/

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BGP %ommunitiesCon+$uration ,-am.le

"53 20& 01 "512 " Teleglobe" S,est" I!P " ou

"53 35"& 01 "512 " Teleglobe" GB1X" I!P " ou

#p !p-commun#t4 ne

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!e)tion Re,ie/BGP / t*e &nternet

hat +ind o. route options aret pi)all re)ei*ed .rom an I!Pho is the global )ontroller o. IP

spa)e on the internet6es)ribe bogon ltering

hat do the and H s mbols meanin regular e pressions

32

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PART 2BGP and the %P1! '( Troubleshooting BGP

33

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BGP 9 MP ! Theor

6esignon gurationBest Pra)ti)es

3

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MP ! Basi)s

To&olog(Full %esh!ingle peer to '( )loud1 Trans&ort T96!32 Trans&ortPPP / %1P'T% / I%'Frame 4ela

thernetRouting Proto)ols

BGPIG4P

4IP

Publi)*Pri,ate A!"s 35

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MP ! Terminolog(

%E Routerustomer dge

PE RouterPro*ider dge

P* !R RouterPro*ider Ba)+bone/1abel!,it)hing 4outer

RFAirtual 4outing and For,arding

,veryt*in$ else is standardBGP0 3

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T(&i)al MP ! To&olog(3&tions!ingle:homed" !ingleI!P

asiest routing poli)ies

%ulti:homed" !ingle

I!P%ost )ommon

: 3?

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BGP Table"o# do you read t*is t*in$%%%

? N-Router) sh #p !p'(P ta le ;ers#on #s 3"5F local router I+ #s 1 2$1 $25"$3

Status codes> s suppressedF d dampedF h h#stor4F K ;al#dF estF # - #nternalF r RI'-fa#lureF S StaleOr#!#n codes> # - I(PF e - 7(PF L - #ncomplete Net

i means &re7./as originated,ia net/or0statement

A! set is thelist o A!"s

&re7. has&assed

%I-R Mas0tr( tosummariKe/here &ossible

L means routeis 3 to in e)tin routing table

i means &re7.learned romiBGP &eer

l

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-e ault Route3rigination

3=

3rigination T(&e Allo/Poli)ies L? !(nta.

-e ault3riginate Partial

router bg& $ ;;;neighbor 1818181 de ault4originateroute4ma& RM4-EFA5 T4E I!T

!tati)Redistribution

/*Route Ma&Filter

Norouter bg& $ ;;;

redistribute stati) route4ma& RM4

!TATI%

Net/or0!tatement Oes

router bg& $ ;;;net/or0 ;8;8;8; route4ma& RM4-EFA5 T435T

include2 Conditional advertisement3 AS .re.endin$3 and communities

Weight eBGP o,er

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Best Path !ele)tion

4e*ie,BGP Table

4outing Table

BGP %ultipath

%ulti:A4F ,/!ub:inter.a)es

0

? N-router sh #p !p Net

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Route Redistribution

-o (ou need to redistribute? es 4edistribution(o !ummariRation%a be Both

BGP to EIGRProuter e#!rp 111

red#str# ute !p 222 metr#c 1500 1000 255 1 1500

EIGRP to BGProuter !p 222

red#str# ute e#!rp 111 9

Q!ee0 7rst tosummariKe S

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Mis)ellaneous Features

Peer Grou&sObNe)t:groups .or BGPW router !p "512

Setup peer-!roup pol#c#es ne#!h or P RTI -ROUT7S peer-!roup ne#!h or P RTI -ROUT7S ;ers#on " ne#!h or P RTI -ROUT7S f#lter-l#st 5 out ne#!h or .U -ROUT7S peer-!roup ne#!h or .U -ROUT7S ;ers#on "

ppl4 #t to a ne#!h or ne#!h or 1&2$0$2$22 peer-!roup .U -ROUT7S

#p as-path access-l#st 5 perm#t 9D20&*3 2 0* 2& CE 0-& KC 0-& KB

Route Re e)tors 2

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Best Pra)ti)es

'*oid redistributing e*er thing underthe sun

)onne)ted" stati)" e*er routing proto)ol"et)7

1oo+ .or ,a s to redu)e routing tables!ummariRe

'd*ertise onl ,hat is ne)essar#se a net,or+ statement .or de.aultorigination

net,or+ 0707070 mas+ 07070703

!mo+e the 4outer

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%ase !tud(Re4uirements

WAN to Internet#se -% as primar#se %am&us as se)ondar#se Internet AP( as tertiar

WAN to +ubs#se ea)h hub %P1! 6!3#se other hub 6!3 asse)ondar#se Internet AP( as tertiar

+ub to +ub#se 1'( lin+ as primar

6on;t use %P1! 6!3;s asse)ondar

sa sYQRouting/or0s both/a(s S

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%ase !tud(Possible Solution

5

WAN to Internet#se -% as primar#se %am&us as se)ondar#se Internet AP( as tertiar

WAN to +ubs#se ea)h hub %P1! 6!3#se other hub 6!3 as se)ondar#se Internet AP( as tertiar

+ub to +ub#se 1'( lin+ as primar6on;t use %P1! 6!3;s as se)ondar

Ad,ertisedNet/or0snet/or0 ;8;8;8;

net/or01;81128;8;

Re)ei,edNet/or0s;8;8;8;*; ge 2le :2 Ad,ertised

Net/or0snet/or0 ;8;8;8;

Re)ei,edNet/or0s;8;8;8;*; ge 2le :2

!ummariKedNet/or0ssummar(4addr1;8.8;8;*2;summar(4addr UWANnetsJ

-e ault Route!tati) routeredistributed intoEIGRP

!ummariKedNet/or0ssummar(4addr1;81128;8;*1$

Ad,ertisedNet/or0snet/or0 ;8;8;8;

Re)ei,edNet/or0s;8;8;8;*; ge 2le :2

Ad,ertisedNet/or0s!hortest A! &ath=-%>

-e ault

Net/or0s1 ,ia eBGP toMP !1 ,ia iBGP to

PN

-% to %am&us3nl( 1 route ,iaInterlin0

%am&us toWANEIGRP Metri)better ,iaRouter 1

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%on7guration E.am&le =+ub>MP5S eBGP Peer #it* 6e ault Advertisement

router !p 100 net

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%on7guration E.am&le =+ub>MP5S ,&GRP Redistribution

'd*ertise learned BGP net,or+s ,ithpre es /2= or longer

?

router e#!rp 1 red#str# ute !p 100 metr#c 1500 1000 255 1 1500 route-map P -? N-S7RI S net

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!e)tion Re,ie/BGP / MP5S

hat are the 3 de.ault routeorigination methods

hat does the M s mbol mean in theBGP table

hat are 3 )lues that tell ou a routeZoriginated hereZ in the BGP table

8

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BGP TroubleshootingInterpreting and (roubles ooting BGP &perations

=

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Peer Establishment

Peer 4ea)habilit%65 Pass,ord %ismat)h

rong neighbor IProng update:sour)erong peer '!

TT1 / ebgp:multihop

!tu)+ in Open!ent/Open on rm's mmetri) routing & TT1 problem

' 1;s bet,een peers

Blo)+ing T P/9?= 50

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Fla&&ing Peer

4emote router rebooting %T# In)orre)t12 Problem

Inter.a)e output drops 59

KMa4 20 0">02>3&$2"0 MST> '(P-5- +Q6/ N(7> ne#!h or 1&2$0$2$133 +o20>""$&&& MST> '(P-5- +Q6/ N(7> ne#!h or 1&2$0$2$133 +o sent to ne#!h or 1&2$0$2$133 " 0 Dhold t#me e%p#redE 0 4tesKMa4 20 0">21>0"$2"3 MST> '(P-5- +Q6/ N(7> ne#!h or 1&2$0$2$133 UpKMa4 20 0">52>1 $132 MST> '(P-5- +Q6/ N(7> ne#!h or 1&2$0$2$133 +o sent to ne#!h or 1&2$0$2$133 " 0 Dhold t#me e%p#redE 0 4tesKMa4 20 0">55>1 $" & MST> '(P-5- +Q6/ N(7> ne#!h or 1&2$0$2$133 Up

KMa4 20 0">5 >1 $1 & MST> '(P-5- +Q6/ N(7> ne#!h or 1&2$0$2$133 +o5 $350 MST> '(P-5- +Q6/ N(7> ne#!h or 1&2$0$2$133 +o

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Re)ei,ed RoutesPre8Post Filter

!ho/ re)ei,ed routes be ore &oli)( isa&&lied

sh #p !p ne# 1$1$1$1 rece#;ed-routes

4e$uires so.t:re)on guration inbound

!ho/ re)ei,ed routes a ter &oli)( is a&&liedsh #p !p ne# 1$1$1$1 routes

!ho/ A! Paths to ,ia all neighbors'(P-router sh #p !p paths

ddress /ash Refcount Metr#c Path0%6"1257+6 1 0 01 20& 01 23520 3 1 L0% 3& 65 1 1 0 "323 3 & 1& 2 2 25 " #0% "151& 0 1 2 0 "323 12&& 132"& "" 00 #0% 0.. 2+" 1 2 0 "323 325 12"1 2050 #

52

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Missing Routes

(e t hop IP address mustbe a))essible

iBGP ne t:hop:sel. 4oute ,ith better '6alread e ists in 4IBFilters

Pre'!:Path4oute:maps

53

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Announ)ements9eri y advertised routes

!ho, ad*ertised routes to peersh ip bgp nei 9=270727233 ad*ertised:routes

5

'(P-Router sh #p !p ne# 1&2$0$2$233 ad;ert#sed-routes'(P ta le ;ers#on #s 20 531"1F local router I+ #s 205$&3$251$12Status codes> s suppressedF d dampedF h h#stor4F K ;al#dF estF # - #nternalF r RI'-fa#lureF S StaleOr#!#n codes> # - I(PF e - 7(PF L - #ncomplete

Net

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BGP Table Analy:in$ and &nter.retin$

Note to sel 1; &re&ends ise.)essi,e

'*erage '! path length is 37

Router) sh #p !p'(P ta le ;ers#on #s 2" "&F local router I+ #s 205$215$21 $1&3Status codes> s suppressedF d dampedF h h#stor4F K ;al#dF estF # - #nternalF r RI'-fa#lureF S StaleOr#!#n codes> # - I(PF e - 7(PF L - #ncomplete

Net

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oo0ing GlassPublic BGP Route Servers ; C5&

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