jkkh

Biodiesel

GVHD: H Th M Phng

Thnh vin:1. Hong Vn Tm (6110321)2. Nguyn Nh Tin(61103598)

I. TNG QUANI.1 Biodiesel l g?I.2 Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ca biodieselI.3 Tim nng th trng v tnh hnh sn xutI.4 Tiu chun cht lng cho biodieselI.5 u nhc im ca biodieselI.6 Ngun nguyn liu v gii php cng ngh cho vic sn xut biodieselI.1 Biodiesel

I.2 Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ca biodiesel

I.3 Tim nng th trng v tnh hnh sn xutI.3 Tnh hnh sn xut biodiesel

I.4 Tiu chun cht lng biodiesel

I.5 u nhc im ca biodiesel

I.6 Ngun nguyn liu Du thc vt n c bao gm: to, du ht hng dng, du lc, du ht ci, du da, du u nnh...

I.6 gii php cng ngh cho vic sn xut biodieselVic s dng trc tip du, m ng thc vt lm nhin liu cho ng c gp phi vn ln nht l nht qu ln so vi nhin liu diesel truyn thng. Do , nu dng du, m lm nhin liu th u tin hng u l phi lm gim nht. Cc phng php thng c s dng lm gim nht ca du, m gm c:

I.6 Gii php cng ngh cho vic sn xut biodieselPhng php chuyn ha ester

Phn loi theo k thut phn ng c s dng xc tc v khng dng xc tc.

C xc tc:

Phn ng chuyn ha ester vi alcohol siu ti hn khng xc tcLu cht siu ti hn? t trng ca pha lng v pha kh tr nn ng nht, s phn chia pha gia hai pha lng, hi mt iLu cht siu ti hn th hin nhng c im quan trng v tnh chu nn, s ng nht v pha, v s thay i lin tc nhng tnh cht nhit ng va nh cht lng va nh cht kh khi thay i nhit hay p sut vng siu ti hnPhn ng chuyn ha ester vi alcohol siu ti hn l phn ng gia triglyceride v alcohol c thc hin trong iu kin nhit v p sut cao hn im ti hn ca alcohol v khng c mt xc tc. Trong trng hp alcohol l methanol th iu kin ti hn l 240C; 78,5 bar.Phn ng ng nht (mt pha) gia cc loi du/m v alcohol siu ti hn c th c thc hin m khng cn xc tc.

u nhc imCc nghin cu v iu ch biodiesel vi methanol siu ti hn

II. IU CH BIODIESEL T DU HT CAO SU VI METHANOL SIU TI HNII.1II.2II.1Ngun nguyn liu cho sn xut biodiesel

Theo vin nghin cu cao su Vit Nam, tng sn lng cy cao su tnh n nm 2005 ln n 700.000 cy/ha

Theo tp on cao su Vit Nam, nc ta hin c hn 500.000 hecta din tch trng cy cao su

Nu tnh c din tch t m tp on ny thu cho vic trng cy cao su ti Lo v Campuchia th tng din tch trng cy cao su c th hn mt triu hecta

II.1Ngun nguyn liu cho sn xut biodieselRSO l cht lng c mu vng nu, c mi hi do ln cha tp cht, nht tng i cao, nh v khng tan trong nc. Du cha 18,1% cc acid bo no gm acid palmitic, acid stearic v 80,5% cc acid bo khng no gm acid oleic, acid linoleic, v acid linolenic. Hm lng FFA trong RSO cha tinh luyn l khong 17%

Hin nay, RSO vn cha c dng trong thc phm do n c cha cyanogenic glycoside, hp cht ny di tc dng ca enzyme c hiu hoc trong mi trng acid yu s chuyn ha thnh hp cht cyanua gy c cho con ngi. RSO c tnh cht tng t nh du lanh do c th c dng thay th mt phn du lanh trong cc ng dng cng nghip.II.1Ngun nguyn liu cho sn xut biodieselTnh cht ca du ht cao su (RSO)Thnh phn ha hc ca RSO ch yu l cc triglyceride nn chng c y tnh cht ca mt ester in hnh c th lit k ra nh sau: Phn ng thy phn Phn ng x phng ha Phn mg trao i ester (hay chuyn ha ester) Phn ng cng hp Phn ng oxy ha Phn ng to s i chua ca du

Kh nng khai thc RSOHng nm, khong thng 8 hoc thng 9 l thi im cao su cho tri r nht vi nng sut khong 1 tn ht/ha. Theo thng k trn th gii, khi p 1 tn ht, trung bnh ta thu c 100 kg RSO.Ti Vit Nam, theo thng k nm 2007 ca tp on cao su Vit Nam nc ta hin c hn 500.000 hecta din tch cao su s thu c 5.000 tn ht, tng ng 500 tn du. Nu tnh c din tch t m tp on ny thu cho vic trng cy cao su ti Lo v Campuchia c th c 17.600 330.000 tn RSO.Ti thnh ph H Ch Minh v cc tnh ln cn c khong 20 c s th cng hoc bn th cng p ht cao su ly du vi hiu sut khong 17% l cao nht

Hng ng dng ph bin hin nay RSO c ng dng trong cng nghip sn xut bnh x phng, nha alkyd, cht bi trn v thay th du lanh trong sn xut nha alkyd.

S dng du ht cao su tng hp biodieselDu th t ht cao su c th snh vi mt s loi du thc vt v ch s cetane, im chp chy, sulfur tng, hot tnh nc v lng cn lng nhng c phn hn ch hn v nht, hm lng tro, hm lng cn carbon, im vn c v ch s acid

Vic kim nghim cc tnh cht c tin hnh trn nhin liu v xc nh kh nng lm nhin liu cho ng c cho thy ch s cetane ca RSO gn vi chun ASTM ti thiu l 40. iu ny cho thy tnh kh quan trong vic s dng RSO lm nhin liu sinh hc. Cc kim tra tin hnh s tiu th nhin liu, lc hm phanh, hiu sut nhit hm cho thy RSO c tnh cht tng t ng k so vi nhin liu diesel..

Mt vi nghin cu v kh nng s dng RSO

Phng php methanol siu ti hnKhi nhit v p sut vt qua im ti hn, cht s tr thnh lu cht siu ti hn.

Khi nhit v p sut tng n im ti hn, t trng ca pha lng v pha kh tr nn ng nht, s phn chia pha gia hai pha lng, hi mt i.

Methanol siu ti hnKhi tng ng thi T & P t n im ti hn, methanol khng cn trng thi lng hay hi na => lu cht siu ti hnCc tnh cht: phn cc, khuch tn, nht thay i ng k.

Phn ng chuyn ha ester vi methanol siu ti hnPhn ng gia triglyceride v alcohol T v P cao hn im ti hn v khng c mt xc tc.

Cc phn t trong lu cht siu ti hn c nng lng ng hc nh cht kh v t trng nh pha lng.

Gi tr hng s in mi ca methanol trng thi siu ti hn gim gn tng ng vi dung mi hu c khng phn cc.

u v nhc im ppu imNhc imThch hp vi nguyn liu c hm lng FFA cap, m cao.Tin hnh nhit cao v p sut cao.Phn ng xy ra nhanh, hn ch cc phn ng ph.Chi ph nng lng caoTng thi gian hon tt phn ng v thu sn phm ngn, hiu sut phn ng t c cao hn.Phn ng cn t l mol phn ng ca alcohol/du cao => cn mt lng ln alcohol. Phn ng khng to x phng , alcohol d thu hi v s dng sau phn ng.Lng alcohol qu ln => lm chm qu trnh tch pha sn phm biodiesel gycerol v thu hi alcohol

[31]A. Demirbas. Biodiesel fuels from vegetable oils via catalytic and non-catalytic supercritical alcohol transesterifications and other methods: a survey, Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 44, pp. 20932109, 2003[30]S. Saka and D. Kusdiana. Biodiesel fuel from rapeseed oil as prepared in supercritical methanol, Fuel, vol. 80, pp. 225231, 2001.[32]. G. Madras et al. Synthesis of biodiesel in supercritical fluids, Fuel, vol. 83, pp. 20292033, Apr. 2004

30Thit b phn ng chuyn ha ester ca SCM

C ch phn ngC ch phn ng cho qu trnh thy phn ester iu kin siu ti hn do Krammer v Vogel xut

Lin kt hydro ca phn t alcohol b yu i nhit cao.

Phn ng trong iu kin siu ti hn li xy ra nhanh hn rt nhiu bi v ng hc ha hc c tng tc ng k trong iu kin siu ti hn.32Lin kt hydro gia cc phn t hydro b yu i, lu cht alcohol b yu i, tr thnh cc monome t do.

Monomer linh ng tn cng vo trc tip nguyn t cacbon gc cacbonyl ca phn t glyceride hnh thnh hp cht trung gian.

Lin kt gia O-H v C-O yu dn => hnh thnh ME ca acid bo v TG.

Nhit phn ngHm lng ME tng 2- 3 ln khi nhit tng t 200 350C trong iu kin T,P v t l alcohol:du khng i.

Nhit qu cao gy nhng tc ng tiu cc n hm lng ME.

Gia nhit t t hn hp phn ng hn ch phn ng phn hy nhit cc acid bo cha bo ha

p sut phn ng cng nhit v thi gian phn ng: + P300 bar: hiu sut phn ng thay i khng ng kT l mol methanol:duTng t l mol methanol:du => tng lng phn t methanol xung quanh du, tng din tch tip xc pha v gim nhit ti hn ca hn hp phn ng.

Theo Babcok tin hnh 325C v t l mol methanol: du l 10:1 => h=31%v t = 20 pht. Khi tng t l methanol:du ln 40:1 => h=89%

T l methanol:du cao hn => gy ra phn ng ph, kh khn trong qu trnh phn tch, thu hi methanol sau phn ng

Quy trnh iu ch biodiesel trong SCM

Ti liu tham kho

H Trm Huy, iu ch biodiesel t du ht cao su vi methanol siu ti hn, 2014.R. Sawangkeawa et al. A review of laboratory-scale research on lipid conversion to biodiesel with supercritical methanol (20012009), The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, vol. 55, pp. 113, 2010.A.S. Ramadhas et al. Characterization and effect of using rubber seed oil as fuel in the compression ignitionengines,Renewable Energy, vol. 30, pp. 795803, 2005R.E. Babcock et al. Yield characteristics of biodiesel produced from chicken fat-tall oil blended feedstocks.S. Saka and D. Kusdiana. Biodiesel fuel from rapeseed oil as prepared in supercritical methanol, Fuel, vol. 80, pp. 225231, 2001.A. Demirbas. Biodiesel fuels from vegetable oils via catalytic and non catalytic supercritical alcohol transesterifications and other methods: a survey, Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 44, pp. 20932109, 2003W. Cao et al. Preparation of biodiesel from soybean oil using supercritical methanol and co-solvent, Fuel, vol. 84, pp. 347351, 2005E. Minami and S. Saka. Kinetics of hydrolysis and methyl esterification for biodiesel production in two-step supercritical methanol process, Fuel, vol.85, pp. 24792483, May. 2006G. Anitescu et al. Integrated technology for supercritical biodiesel production and power cogeneration, Energy and Fuels, vol. 22, pp. 13911399, 2008