7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

1/48

Chapter 6.0

Drainage

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

2/48

What is HIGHWAY DRAINAGE?

Highway drainage is the process of

interception and removal of water from over,

under and the vicinity of the road surface.

Purpose of Highway DRAINAGE:-

To avoid stagnant water on road surface

To prevent from seepage of water into sub-grade To ensure the stability of the soil on the slope

guarantee.

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

3/48

Objectives of the lesson:

1. Different types of source of water

2. The important of ground water table inthe roads drainage

3. The ways of water entering intopavement structure & sub-grade

4. The functions of surface & sub-surfacedrainage

5. Different types of drainage system

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

4/48

6.1. Sources of water

TWO (2) types of sources of water are:-

1. Surface water (runoff)

2. Under surface water (groundwater)

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

5/48

6.2. The important of ground water

levelin the roads drainage

Ground water is under the influence of surfacewater and intermixed with the water from anaquifer.

The importance of ground water level in roadsdrainage construction is where ground water canrise & low due to percolation process of waterfrom the surface water to the sub-grade area.

If the ground water level does not rise near of the

road sub-grade, it does not create any problembut if it does, it requires to be lowered as it willdefinitely weaken the strength of sub-gradelayer.

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

6/48

6.3. The ways of water entering into

pavement structure & sub-grade

a. Entrance through pavement

b. Seepage through high ground

c. Change of ground water leveld. Seepage from road shoulder

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

7/48

IA RESAPAN MELALUI TURAPAN

IA BOLEH DIHALANG DENGAN MEMBINA KETAPAK DARIPADABAHAN-BAHAN SEPERTI PASIR SETEBAL 100 HINGGA 150mm

AIR YANG MERESAP AKAN DIALIRKAN MELALUI SALIRAN

BAWAH TANAH

Entrance through pavement

(RESAPAN MELALUI TURAPAN)

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

8/48

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

9/48

Seepage through high ground

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

10/48

PARAS AIR BUMI MESTILAH DIPASTIKAN BERADA SEKURANG-

KURANGNYA 1 1.25 METER BAWAH FORMASI JALAN

PARAS AIR BUMI YANG TINGGI BOLEH DIRENDAHKAN DENGAN

MEMBINA PARIT SALIRAN BAWAH TANAH DIKEDUA-DUA BELAH

JALAN BERGANTUNG KEPADA LEBAR JALAN DAN JENIS JALAN

Change of ground water level

( PERGERAKAN LEMBAPAN DARI AIR BUMI )

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

11/48

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

12/48

DENGAN MELANJUTKAN PEMBINAAN TAPAK DAN SUBGRED

HINGGA KEBAHU JALAN

IA JUGA DIHALANG DENGAN MENYEDIAKAN SATU BAHAN TIDAK

KALIS AIR DI ANTARA BAHU JALAN DAN TURAPAN

IA BIASANYA DILAKUKAN HANYA BAGI JALAN-JALAN YANG

PENTING SAHAJA SEPERTI LEBUH RAYA DAN SEBAGAINYA

Seepage from road shoulder

( PERGERAKAN LEMBAPAN DARI BAHU JALAN )

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

13/48

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

14/48

6.4. The functions of surface & sub-surface drainage

Surface Drainage

Is the process to remove water from the road

surface.

Surface drainage will be prepared by cambering

the road structure and road surface, provide side

ditches, install intercepting drains, installinlets, catch basins and manholes.

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

15/48

6.4. The functions of surface & sub-

surface drainageSub-surface Drainage

Is to remove seepage water from groundwater.

Too much of ground water can weaken thestrength of sub-grade layer.

Sub-soil being drainable by installing sidetrenches on both sides of road and follow by

installation of drain pipes and filled at top byfilter sand.

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

16/48

6.5. Different types of drainage

system

Camber (Kamber)

Longitudinal slope (Cerunmemanjang)

Scupper drain & gully

Side Ditches (Parit tepian jalan)

Surface

Drainage

French drain (Parit Perancis)

Strip drain (Parit Jalur)

Land drain (Parit Tanah)

Intercepting drain (Parit pemintas)Sub-surface

Drainage

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

17/48

CAMBER

Road surfaces camber is convex shape thatcan allow water to flow from peak to sides of

the road, then flow straight to the manholes

(drain, pipe, culvert)

Slope camber depend on the road surface

material.

Type of surface Camber slope

Gravel road and soil road surface 3 4 %

Road shoulder 3 4 %

Asphalt or concrete pavement 2 3 %

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

18/48

LONGITUDINAL SLOPE

Longitudinal slope needed especially at the

side of road, roadside ditches and drain.

Longitudinal slope not too flat that is from

0.5%.

For hilly area, longitudinal slope will be too

steep, therefore water will flow along the

roads surface.

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

19/48

SCUPPER DRAIN & GULLY Road with kerbs, water that flow at the

roadside pavement will be drained at certain

space through scupper drain and gully

Then the water will be flow through pipe and

flow it to drain or ditches.

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

20/48

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

21/48

SIDE DITCHES

(Parit tepian jalan)

Side ditches are used along the roadway incuts and on ground that is fairly level and

sometimes adjacent to embankments area to

prevent water from flowing over cultivated orotherwise improved land.

The shape are: V shaped or trapezoidal

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

22/48

KERBS AND GUTTERS

Curb or kerb and gutters are essential for the

city streets to drain off water quickly and to

maintain the cleanliness.

It is cast in concrete as one piece though kerb

and gutter combinations cut from stones are

also employed for the purpose

Strentgth: 80 kg/cm2 at 7 days and 200

kg/cm2 at 28 days

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

23/48

INTERCEPTOR DRAINS

Interceptor drains are used on natural slopes to

prevent erosion of the cut-slopes in the hilly areasAlso used to relieve the side ditches of greater

discharge than the one for which they are designed.

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

24/48

SALIRAN BAWAH TANAH

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

25/48

PARIT PERANCIS (FRANCE DRAIN)

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

26/48

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

27/48

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

28/48

PARIT JALUR (STRIP DRAIN)

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

29/48

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

30/48

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

31/48

PARIT TANAH (LAND DRAIN)

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

32/48

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

33/48

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

34/48

PARIT PEMINTAS (INTERCEPTING DRAIN)

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

35/48

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

36/48

PEMBENTUNG PAIP (PIPE CULVERT)

PEMBENTUNG KEKOTAK (BOX CULVERT)

PEMBENTUNG GERBANG (ARCHED CULVERT)

PEMBENTUNG BALAK (BEAM CULVERT)

CROSS DRAINAGE

(JENIS-JENIS PEMBENTUNG)

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

37/48

PEMBENTUNG PAIP (PIPE CULVERT)

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

38/48

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

39/48

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

40/48

PEMBENTUNG KEKOTAK (BOX CULVERT)

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

41/48

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

42/48

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

43/48

PEMBENTUNG GERBANG (ARCHED CULVERT)

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

44/48

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

45/48

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

46/48

PEMBENTUNG BALAK (BEAM CULVERT)

PEMBENTUNG BALAK BIASANYA DIPERBUAT DARIPADA

KONKRIT BERTETULANG DAN SUSUNAN STRUKTURNYA

MENYERUPAI SATU JAMBATAN KECIL

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

47/48

7/27/2019 c3010-ch 6 (highway)

48/48