Case Studies FIDIC PSM FIDIC 副主席

约翰 · 博伊得（ John Boyd ）

Case Example

Sustainable School

Design and

Construction

Poudre School District, Fort

Collins, Colorado, USA

Zach Elementary School in the City of

Fort Collins, Colorado. The school

was designed and built in accordance

with sustainability principles. Photo

courtesy of the Poudre School District

Project Scope

Located in the City of Fort Collins, Colorado, USA

44 schools for 22,500 students

US$175 million school bond issue

Additional resources

US$100,000 in funds and in-kind services

Partnerships with the State of Colorado, U.S. Department of Energy, various universities

Historic Avery Building in Old Town Square in Fort Collins, Colorado. Source: City of Fort Collins.

Project Goals and Objectives

Enhance student performance and attendance

Teach principles of sustainable design

Harmonize with the natural landscape

Provide higher quality lighting

Consume less energy

Conserve materials and natural resources

Enhance indoor environmental quality, and

Safeguard water

Learning wall cutout

Recycling of construction wastes

1. Work With a Knowledgeable and Committed

Project Owner

Owner is committed to achieving

sustainable development goals and

objectives

Knowledgeable of design and

construction processes

Willing to share risks and rewards

Exterior wall made from recycled engine head gasket material

2. Set high but achievable sustainable development goals and objectives

The vision of the Superintendent of Schools:

“…we stand committed to sustainable design and are confident it

will yield positive outcomes for our students and the community.”

Be proper stewards of the bond funds slated for building new or

upgrading existing schools.

Achieve the anticipated cost savings and sustainable performance in

the school buildings.

“A school designed to‘code’is the worst facility you can legally build.”

Presentation by George Brelig and Michael Spearnak, Pathways to Creating Sustainable Schools

3. Create a High Performance Project Team

Selected as a team

Committed to achieving sustainable development goals

All team members are equal

Master plumber = master environmental engineer

All team members are highly knowledgeable in their particular fields

The team is fully integrated: works together to handle system

interactions

Willing and able to “step outside the box” in their respective trades

and disciplines

Application of critical chain methodology – theory of constraints

Identify and Engage Key Stakeholders Core “Green Team”

School district employees

Teachers

Local public interest groups

Suppliers and vendors

Other “high performance” partners

The City of Fort Collins

Xcel Energy (power utility)

The U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency

Berkley Laboratories (University of

California)

EnergyStar

U.S. Department of Energy

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Buildings that teach…

4. Keep Team On Track, Focused On Achieving Goals and Objectives

Avoid excuses for falling short of the sustainable development goals and

objectives

No whining!!

Achieving 80% is not good enough.

Cannot allow team members to blame others for failure to achieve expected

results

Commissioning is essential

Contractors have limited experience with new technologies

Start early in the project

Ensure design is followed, equipment is installed as specified, system is

tuned for optimum performance

5. Share Knowledge and Achievements

Disseminate results to others

Exchange of knowledge, experience and ideas

Set “best in class” performance

Demonstrate success in “raising the bar”

Advance the state of the practice

Information on technology performance exists, e.g,

EnergyStar

Project owners use them

Achievements: Materials

Low

High

Conventional

Best in class

New benchmarks

Sustainability

Compliance

Sustainable site planning and design: Use green materials where

possible

Target: Meet LEED standards in the use of green materials

Using certified wood products in construction

LEED

Achievements: Energy Supply

Low

High

Conventional

Best in class

New benchmarks

Sustainability

Compliance

Use of renewable energy sources

Target: Substantial percentage of energy supplied by

renewables

100% supplied by wind energy

LEED20%10% 5%

Achievements: Lighting

Low

High

Conventional

Best in class

New benchmarks

Sustainability

Compliance

High Quality and energy-efficient

lighting

Target: Extensive use daylighting

Target: Electric lighting: <1 watt per square

foot

Daylighting used in 95% of rooms, hallwaysElectric lighting: Achieving less than 1 watt per square foot

LEED 90% 75%

Achievements: HVAC

Low

High

Conventional

Best in class

New benchmarks

Sustainability

Compliance

Energy-efficient heating, ventilation and air

conditioning

Target: Achieve 30 KBTU/square foot or better

Achieving 25 KBTU/ft2

ASHRAE Guide = 90 KBTU/ft2

Target: 30 KBTU/ft2

Achievements: Construction Waste

Low

High

Conventional

Best in class

New benchmarks

Sustainability

Compliance

Construction waste reduction and recycling

Target: Waste reduction, recycling substantially better than conventional

practices

75% wastes diverted away from landfillsLEED

75% 50%

Achievements: Cost

Constructed cost

Cost using sustainable technology: US$99/ft2

Conventional: US$120/ft2

(Average for Colorado “Front Range”Schools)

Operating costs

Sustainable Conventional

Energy US$.34/ft2 US$.60/ft2

Utilities US$98,004/yr.US$168,291/

yr.

Water US$3500/yr. US$7000/yr.

SUSTAINABILITY IN MINING -

EMALAHLENI, SOUTH AFRICA

FIDIC PSM Seminar Page 6-18

Witbank

Middelburg Dam

Dam

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M idburg South

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W itbank

C lydesda le

LEG EN D

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NExtent of Mining in Upper-Olifants Catchment

Project Drivers

Water resource development in Olifants River Catchment:

Local resources over exploited

Continued growth and development

Interbasin transfer of water

Mine water management

Mineable coal reserves flooded

Mine water management actions not solving long term challenges

Post closure water liabilities

Technologies for purifying water

FIDIC PSM Seminar Page 6-21

Sustainability Aspects

Economic Sustainability

The central idea of economic sustainability is to develop a

scheme for which the aggregate revenue streams (from mines

and water users) exceed the total cost (capital, operations

and maintenance) of the scheme indefinitely.

Quality of life is improved because the local towns and

communities have access to an affordable, long term water

resource.

Economic goals and indicators

Exploit reserves

Extension of mine life (years)

Remining of flooded sections (tons)

Access water resources

Postponement of interbasin water transfer (yrs)

Lift cessation of housing and commercial development

Water tariff increase in line with inflation

Contribute to economy

Local hires

Investment portion to black contractors and suppliers

Relieve unemployment

Number of hires for construction

Portion of local hires

Number of hires for operations

Economic goals and indicators

Minimization of waste sludge and brine production Water recovery achieved by the plant

Sludge per cubic metre of water recovered

Reclamation of useable products from waste Useful products retrieved

Useful products as a portion of total waste

Energy efficient technology Consumption per cubic metre of reclaimed water

Minimize mines post closure liability for water Reduction in pollution control fund

Grant of closure certificate

Social and Institutional Sustainability

The key goal of social and institutional sustainability is to set up an

institution which can manage and operate the scheme over the long

term. The role and influence of mines would progressively diminish, while

that of the water users would grow in such an institution/company.

Quality of life improved because a water institution is set up, which

strengthens local government in delivering services and builds social

stability.

Social & institutional goals and indicators

Building capacity in regulatory indicators

Steering committee remains operational

Regulatory authorities issue required permits and licenses

Similar projects approved by regulatory authorities

Mining companies collectively manage regional water projects

Joint venture continues to operate

Further phases launched and executed

Other mining companies join

Social & Institutional goals and indicators

Coalfields water company formed

Mining companies set up independent water company

Local authorities commit

National water regulator uses precedent

Local authority assisted in providing water services

Long term water supply contract initiated

Consumer complaints about municipal water supply

reduced

Safety in mining improved with reduced risk of flooding

Number of appropriate H&S incidents reduced

Environmental Sustainability

The overarching goal of environmental sustainability was to convert of

source of water pollution into a usable water resource, both during

mining and post-closure of the mines.

Quality of life is improved because the water environment is protected

against pollution and diverse water users (domestic, industrial,

recreation, aquatic ecosystems) have access to it.

Environmental Goals and Indicators

Project develops local water resource

Municipal use falls below critical reservoir capacity

Clean up polluted water body and reduced risk of

decant

Incidents of uncontrolled decants reduced

Water level in mine workings reduced

Stored water inventory reduced

Support water ecosystem health and resilience

High quality water release

Improvement in local surface water quality

Improvement in local stream biodiversity