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Ch. 6 Study Guide
Headright SystemHeadright System
Each head of family received 200 acres.
50 additional acres were given for each family member.
10 additional acres were given for each slave owned (given to the family, not the slave).
No family could earn more than 1,000 acres.
Each head of family received 200 acres.
50 additional acres were given for each family member.
10 additional acres were given for each slave owned (given to the family, not the slave).
No family could earn more than 1,000 acres.
Land given out during the Revolutionary War
Georgia offered land to men willing to fight for their state.
100 acres was guaranteed for each soldier who enlisted 3 years.
If you stayed in the war until the end, you received an additional 250 acres.
Land given out as a reward◊ Land was given out often after the
war to war heroes.◊ This was to reward them for their
excellent services.◊ Land was given in sizes from 1,000
to 20,000 acres.
How The System Started
In 1802 Native Americans west of the Oconee River were pushed off their land.Georgia wanted to encourage people to settle this area as quickly as possible.Georgia also wanted to make a profit off of selling lottery tickets.
How the System WorkedThe land was divided into square lots of 202
square acres and were assigned a number.Pieces of paper with land lot numbers were
put into a box along with an equal number of blank pieces of a paper.
White males who were at least 21-years-old paid a small fee and were allowed to draw from the box.
Men that pulled out a piece of paper with a number received land while men that pulled blank pieces received nothing.
YAZOO LAND FRAUD
At the time, Georgia’s western borders were the Mississippi River and one of its tributaries, the Yazoo River.
Included in these borders were the present states of Alabama and Mississippi.
YAZOO LAND FRAUD
4 land companies bribed Governor George Matthews and the General Assembly to pass a bill so that the companies could buy this land.
The General Assembly passed the bill.The 4 companies then began buying the
35-50 million acres of land for $500,000.This equaled about 1 - 11/2 cents an acre.
Headright System Land Lottery
barrels
FARMING PRODUCTIONFARMING PRODUCTIONTHE MECHANICAL REAPER Invented by Cyrus McCormick. It had wooden paddles that were fastened to
the harness of a horse. As you guided the horse, the paddles turned
and cut the grain.
THE MECHANICAL REAPER Invented by Cyrus McCormick. It had wooden paddles that were fastened to
the harness of a horse. As you guided the horse, the paddles turned
and cut the grain.
FARMING PRODUCTIONFARMING PRODUCTION
How did it help the economy?
The reaper allowed farmers to cut six times as much as they previously could.
Enabled farmers to work larger and more profitable farms.
How did it help the economy?
The reaper allowed farmers to cut six times as much as they previously could.
Enabled farmers to work larger and more profitable farms.
COTTON PRODUCTIONCOTTON PRODUCTION
Problem: People had to pick the cotton by
hand which took lots of time. Once they picked the cotton, they
had to get the seeds out. The seeds would stick to the cotton and have to be dug out one by one using their fingers.
Problem: People had to pick the cotton by
hand which took lots of time. Once they picked the cotton, they
had to get the seeds out. The seeds would stick to the cotton and have to be dug out one by one using their fingers.
COTTON PRODUCTIONCOTTON PRODUCTION
THE COTTON GIN
Invented by Eli Whitney. It was a box that you placed the cotton in.
When you turned the handle, it would rip the seeds out and drop them in a separate section.
THE COTTON GIN
Invented by Eli Whitney. It was a box that you placed the cotton in.
When you turned the handle, it would rip the seeds out and drop them in a separate section.
COTTON PRODUCTIONCOTTON PRODUCTION
How did it help the economy?
Made the process of picking and processing cotton much easier and faster.
Enabled farmers to work larger and more profitable farms.
How did it help the economy?
Made the process of picking and processing cotton much easier and faster.
Enabled farmers to work larger and more profitable farms.
Mechanical Reaper
TRANSPORTATIONTRANSPORTATION
How did it help the economy?
Turnpikes and plank roads made land travel quicker
Railroads allowed people and products to travel from place to place quicker.
How did it help the economy?
Turnpikes and plank roads made land travel quicker
Railroads allowed people and products to travel from place to place quicker.
In 1787, blacks founded the Springfield Baptist Church in Augusta
By 1816, Richard Allen founded the African Methodist Episcopal Church (A.M.E.) and became its bishop.
Circuit Riders – ministers who went from district to district, founding churches in the frontier region
LAND GRANT UNIVERSITY A school for which the federal government donated the land.
UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA The first school open to lower-income
people.
The first public university in the U.S.
Held its first classes in September 1801.
Soon afterward, other states copied Georgia and began building public universities.
WESLEYAN COLLEGE Initially called the Georgia Female College, opened in Macon in 1836
Girls had classes in French, Literature and science education
Tuition was $50.00 per year
Sequoyah
Born around 1760. Sequoyah’s father was a Virginia
soldier and his mother a Cherokee princess.
Sequoyah’s Syllabary
In 1809, he began his syllabary - a group of symbols that stand for whole syllables. It took him 12 years to decide on 85
symbols. According to legend, Sequoyah’s wife
destroyed his syllabary. He spent more than a year reconstructing it.
Once adopted by the Cherokee, he was sent to teach it. Most Cherokee could read and write due to this.
The Cherokee Phoenix It was the first Indian newspaper. It took its name from the bird that
burned itself and then rose from the ashes of the fire.
Was printed in English and Cherokee. Drew Cherokee nation together and
made it possible to spread news among all of them.
New Echota
The first permanent Cherokee capital. It had a print shop, a library and a
courthouse. They adopted a constitution similar to
that of the U.S. It had three branches. They met in the capital each October
to deal with tribal matters.
Trail of Tears
Gold was found in Dahlonega in 1829.
Settlers wanted to mine this land which belonged to the Cherokee.
Eventually, all Cherokee were removed from the state of Georgia.
The Dahlonega Gold Rush
1829 - Benjamin Parks discovers gold on Cherokee land in Dahlonega, Georgia.
In a short time, over 10,000 miners from all over the United States descended onto Cherokee lands in Georgia.
The Role of the General AssemblyThe Georgia General Assembly quickly
passed laws that stripped the Cherokee of their legal rights.– Declared Cherokee Laws “null and void”– Forbade Cherokees from speaking
against whites in court– Declared that the Cherokee had NO
RIGHTS to any gold mined in Dahlonega.
Rev. Samuel Worchester
1830 - The General Assembly forbade whites from living on Cherokee land unless they signed an oath of allegiance to the state of Georgia.
Rev. Samuel Worchester, a white missionary living in New Echota, refused to sign the oath of allegiance.– Sentenced to four years in prison– Worchester’s conviction was appealed to
the U.S. Supreme Court
Worchester v. Georgia
Chief Justice John Marshall said that the Cherokee Nation was not subject to Georgia State law.– Worchester was to be set free– The Cherokee thought the ruling would
allow them to keep their landsPresident Andrew Jackson refused to
enforce the Supreme Court’s ruling, clearing the way for the removal of the Cherokee tribes.
Chief John Ross
Chief John Ross made several trips to Washington, D.C.– Wanted the U.S. government to protect
the Cherokee from white settlers– Wanted past treaties to be honored
December 1835 - The Cherokee are forced to sign the treaty of New Echota, giving their remaining lands in the southeast to the U.S. Government.
The Trail of Tears
Part of the Treaty of New Echota said that the Cherokee had to move to the Indian Territory (Oklahoma).
1838 - U.S. Army troops start rounding up the Cherokee at New Echota.
4,000 Cherokee died along the 700 mile march to the Indian Territory (nearly 1/3 of the original group).
Rising Conflict: The Oconee WarRising Conflict: The Oconee War
Late 1700s - white pioneer settlers push into Creek lands along the Oconee River
Alexander McGillivray leads Creek warriors in attacks against pioneer settlements
In retaliation, white settlers killed Creek Indians on sight
Late 1700s - white pioneer settlers push into Creek lands along the Oconee River
Alexander McGillivray leads Creek warriors in attacks against pioneer settlements
In retaliation, white settlers killed Creek Indians on sight
The Treaty of New YorkThe Treaty of New York 1790 - In an effort to end the Oconee War,
President George Washington called Chief McGillivray to New York to sign a peace treaty
Creek gave up their land east of the Oconee River and promised to honor previous treaties
The U.S. government promised to keep whites out of Creek lands west of the Oconee River and help the Creek start farms
The peace lasted from 1797-1812
1790 - In an effort to end the Oconee War, President George Washington called Chief McGillivray to New York to sign a peace treaty
Creek gave up their land east of the Oconee River and promised to honor previous treaties
The U.S. government promised to keep whites out of Creek lands west of the Oconee River and help the Creek start farms
The peace lasted from 1797-1812
Creek DivisionsCreek DivisionsEarly 1800s
The Red Sticks Wanted to forcefully resist white settlements in
Creek Land
The White Sticks Wanted to find a peaceful co-existence with white
settlers
They were split in the Battle of 1812
Early 1800s
The Red Sticks Wanted to forcefully resist white settlements in
Creek Land
The White Sticks Wanted to find a peaceful co-existence with white
settlers
They were split in the Battle of 1812
The Creek War (1813 - 1814)The Creek War (1813 - 1814)
August 30, 1813 - Red Stick Creeks attacked Fort Mims (present day Alabama) and killed 400 people, including women and children
Troops from Georgia, Tennessee and Mississippi began to attack the Creek in retaliation
August 30, 1813 - Red Stick Creeks attacked Fort Mims (present day Alabama) and killed 400 people, including women and children
Troops from Georgia, Tennessee and Mississippi began to attack the Creek in retaliation
The Battle of Horseshoe Bend (March 27, 1814)
The Battle of Horseshoe Bend (March 27, 1814)
General Andrew Jackson and 2,000 troops and White Stick Creek allies defeat 1,000 Red Stick Creek
The Creek surrendered to Jackson and gave up most of their land to the U.S. government
The Creek became the first Indian tribe to be removed from Georgia
General Andrew Jackson and 2,000 troops and White Stick Creek allies defeat 1,000 Red Stick Creek
The Creek surrendered to Jackson and gave up most of their land to the U.S. government
The Creek became the first Indian tribe to be removed from Georgia
Chief William McIntoshChief William McIntosh
February 1825, Creek Chief William McIntosh and his first cousin, Governor George Troup, had worked out the terms of the Treaty of Indian Springs
Paid McIntosh $200,000 to give up the last Creek lands in Georgia to the federal government
February 1825, Creek Chief William McIntosh and his first cousin, Governor George Troup, had worked out the terms of the Treaty of Indian Springs
Paid McIntosh $200,000 to give up the last Creek lands in Georgia to the federal government
The Murder of Chief McIntoshThe Murder of Chief McIntosh
According to Creek law, groups of Creek agreed that McIntosh should die
On April 30, 1825, the Creek set fire to McIntosh’s home
Allowed the women and children to leave before dragging him from his house and stabbing him in the chest
McIntosh’s scalp was taken as a warning to others who might want to give Creek land to white men
According to Creek law, groups of Creek agreed that McIntosh should die
On April 30, 1825, the Creek set fire to McIntosh’s home
Allowed the women and children to leave before dragging him from his house and stabbing him in the chest
McIntosh’s scalp was taken as a warning to others who might want to give Creek land to white men
