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Chng 1
Tng quan v CSDL
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Ni dung chi tit
Gii thiu
Qu trnh pht trin
Mt s c tnh ca CSDL
Ngi s dng CSDL
Kin trc ca HQT CSDL
Cc tnh nng ca HQT CSDL
M hnh d liu
Ngn ng CSDL
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Gii thiu
V d: Kinh doanh
Ngn hng v ti chnh
Gio dc
Hnh chnh
Gii tr
D liu (Data) Mt m t v thng tin v hot ng
Tn, a ch, s in thoi ca khch hng
Thng tin bn hng
ng k hc phn
D liu to ra thng tin Bo co doanh thu
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Thng tin
D liu
Chn lc
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Gii thiu (tt)
C s d liu (Database)
Mt tp hp c cu trc ca nhng d liu c lin quan vi nhau
Danh sch sinh vin
Nin gim in thoi
Danh mc cc n
Mt CSDL biu din mt phn ca th gii thc (th gii thu nh)
CSDL c thit k, xy dng, v lu tr vi mt mc ch xc nh, phc v cho mt s
ng dng v ngi dng
Tp ngu nhin ca cc d liu khng th xem l mt CSDL
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Gii thiu (tt)
H qun tr CSDL (Database Management System)
Tp hp cc chng trnh hoc h thng c thit k to ra v duy tr hot ng ca
mt CSDL.
Mt phn mm h thng cho php nh ngha, xy dng v x l d liu
nh ngha khai bo b khung d liu cng vi cc m t chi tit v d liu
Xy dng lu tr d liu ln b nh ph
X l truy vn, cp nht v pht sinh bo co
Mt s h QTCSDL ph bin: MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server,
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Gii thiu (tt)
H CSDL (Database System)
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X l truy vn
HQT CSDL
Truy xut d liu
CSDL nh ngha
CSDL
Ngi s dng/Lp trnh vin
Chng trnh ng dng/Truy vn
H CSDL
Catalog
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Mt v d v CSDL
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PHANCONG MA_NVIEN SODA THOIGIAN
123456789 1 32.5
123456789 2 7.5
666884444 3 40.0
453453453 1 20.0
DEAN TENDA MADA DDIEM_DA PHONG
San pham X 1 VUNG TAU 5
San pham Y 2 NHA TRANG 5
San pham Z 3 TP HCM 5
Tin hoc hoa 10 HA NOI 4
NHANVIEN HONV TENLOT TENNV MANV NGSINH MA_NQL PHG
Tran Hong Quang 987987987 03/09/1969 987654321 4
Nguyen Thanh Tung 333445555 12/08/1955 888665555 5
Nguyen Manh Hung 666884444 09/15/1962 333445555 5
Tran Thanh Tam 453453453 07/31/1972 333445555 5
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Mt v d v CSDL (tt)
Qun l n ca mt cng ty
nh ngha CSDL
Cu trc bng, bao gm cc thnh phn d liu v kiu d liu tng ng
Xy dng CSDL
a d liu vo cc bng
X l CSDL
Thc hin cc truy vn: Cho bit nhng nhn vin thuc phng 5
Thc hin cc php cp nht: Chuyn nhn vin Nguyn Thanh Tng sang phng s
1
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Ni dung chi tit
Gii thiu
Qu trnh pht trin
Mt s c tnh ca CSDL
Ngi s dng CSDL
Kin trc ca HQT CSDL
Cc tnh nng ca HQT CSDL
M hnh d liu
Ngn ng CSDL
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9
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Qu trnh pht trin
Tp tin (File)
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Chng trnh ng dng 1
Chng trnh ng dng 2
Chng trnh ng dng 3
Tp tin
Tp tin
Tp tin
H Thng Qun
L Tp Tin
D liu
Mi chng trnh u c d liu tng ng
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Qu trnh pht trin (tt)
Hn ch
D liu b trng lp
Tn khng gian lu tr
Tim tng kh nng d liu khng nht qun
Vic chia s d liu b hn ch
Kh khi phc
Tnh bo mt thp
Nhng vn ph hp vi 1 s ng dng
Kch c ng dng nh
Ch c d liu, khng c nhng x l d liu khc
t tn km chi ph
Vn hnh hay bo tr
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Qu trnh pht trin (tt)
C s d liu (Database)
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H Qun
Tr CSDL
Chng trnh ng dng 1
Chng trnh ng dng 2
Chng trnh ng dng 3
CSDL
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Ni dung chi tit
Gii thiu
Qu trnh pht trin
Mt s c tnh ca CSDL
Tnh t m t
Tnh c lp gia chng trnh v d liu
Tnh tru tng d liu
Tnh nht qun
Cch nhn d liu
Ngi s dng CSDL
Kin trc ca HQT CSDL
Cc tnh nng ca HQT CSDL
M hnh d liu
Ngn ng CSDL
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Tnh t m t
H CSDL khng ch cha bn thn CSDL m cn cha nh ngha y (m t) ca
CSDL
Cc nh ngha c lu tr trong catalog
Cha cc thng tin v cu trc tp tin, kiu v dng thc lu tr ca mi thnh
phn d liu v nhng rng buc d liu
D liu trong catalog gi l meta-data (data of data)
Cc CTD c th truy xut n nhiu CSDL nh thng tin cu trc c lu tr
trong catalog
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Tnh c lp
V nh ngha v cu trc CSDL c lu tr trong catalog nn khi c thay i nh
v cu trc ta t phi sa li chng trnh
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c lp
Chng trnh
D liu
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Tnh tru tng
H CSDL cho php trnh by d liu mt mc tru tng cho php, nhm che bt
nhng chi tit lu tr tht ca d liu
Tru tng ha d liu
M hnh d liu
i tng
Thuc tnh ca i tng
Mi lin h
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Tnh nht qun
Lu tr d liu thng nht
Trnh c tnh trng trng lp thng tin
C c ch iu khin truy xut d liu hp l
Trnh c vic tranh chp d liu
Bo m d liu lun ng khi mun truy xut
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Cch nhn d liu
H CSDL cho php nhiu ngi dng thao tc ln cng mt CSDL
Mi ngi i hi mt cch nhn (view) khc nhau v CSDL
Mt view l
Mt phn ca CSDL hoc
D liu tng hp t CSDL
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Ni dung chi tit
Gii thiu
Qu trnh pht trin
Mt s c tnh ca CSDL
Ngi s dng CSDL
Qun tr vin (Database Administrator - DBA)
Thit k vin (Database Designer)
Ngi dng cui (End User)
Kin trc ca HQT CSDL
Cc tnh nng ca HQT CSDL
M hnh d liu
Ngn ng CSDL
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Qun tr vin
C trch nhim qun l h CSDL
Cp quyn truy cp CSDL
iu phi v gim st vic s dng CSDL
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Thit k vin
Chu trch nhim v
La chn cu trc ph hp lu tr d liu
Quyt nh nhng d liu no cn c lu tr
Lin h vi ngi dng nm bt c nhng yu cu v a ra mt thit k CSDL tha yu
cu ny
C th l 1 nhm cc DBA qun l cc CSDL sau khi vic thit k hon tt
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Ngi dng cui
Ngi t s dng
t khi truy cp CSDL, nhng cn nhng thng tin khc nhau trong mi ln
truy cp v dng nhng cu truy vn phc tp
Ngi qun l
Ngi s dng thng xuyn
Thng xuyn truy vn v cp nht CSDL nh vo mt s cc chc nng c xy dng
sn
Nhn vin
Ngi s dng c bit
Thng tho v HQT CSDL, t xy dng nhng truy vn phc tp cho cng
vic
K s, nh khoa hc, ngi phn tch,
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Ni dung chi tit
Gii thiu
Qu trnh pht trin
Mt s c tnh ca CSDL
Ngi s dng CSDL
Kin trc ca HQT CSDL
Cc tnh nng ca HQT CSDL
M hnh d liu
Ngn ng CSDL
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Kin trc ca HQT CSDL
Kin trc 3 lc
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Mc ngoi
Mc quan nim
Mc trong
Ngi dng
Lc ngoi 1 Lc ngoi n
Lc quan nim
Lc trong
Ngi dng
nh x ngoi (nh x quan nim)
nh x quan nim (nh x trong)
Cu trc lu tr vt l
Ton b cu trc CSDL cho 1 cng ng ngi
s dng
Mt phn ca CSDL cho 1 nhm ngi dng
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Kin trc ca HQT CSDL (tt)
c lp d liu
c lp logic
Kh nng thay i lc quan nim m khng thay i lc ngoi hoc cc CTD
c lp vt l
Kh nng thay i lc trong m khng lm thay i lc quan nim cng nh lc
ngoi
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Kin trc ca HQT CSDL (tt)
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DDL Compiler
User/Application Database Administrator
Query Compiler Transaction
Manager
Execution
Engine
Logging &
Recovery
Concurrency
Control
Index/File/
Record Manager
Storage
Manager
Storage
Buffer
Manager
DDL Commands Transaction Commands
Queries, Updates
Query plan
Index, File &
Record Request
Page Commands
Read/Write Pages
Buffers
Log Pages
Lock Table
Metadata
Metadata,
Statistics
Data,
Metadata,
Indexes
User/Application Database Administrator
Execution
Engine
Index/File/
Record Manager
Storage
Manager
Storage
Buffer
Manager
DDL Commands Transaction Commands
Queries, Updates
Query plan
Index, File &
Record Request
Page Commands
Read/Write Pages
Buffers
Log Pages
Lock Table
Metadata
Metadata,
Statistics
Data,
Metadata,
Indexes
Ngun: Database System: The Complete Book.
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Ni dung chi tit
Gii thiu
Qu trnh pht trin
Mt s c tnh ca CSDL
Ngi s dng CSDL
Kin trc ca HQT CSDL
Cc tnh nng ca HQT CSDL
M hnh d liu
Ngn ng CSDL
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Cc tnh nng ca HQT CSDL
Cho php hn ch s trng lp d liu
Tch hp cc nhu cu d liu ca ngi dng xy dng mt CSDL thng nht
Chia s d liu
Trong mi trng nhiu ngi dng, cc HQT phi cho php truy xut d liu ng
thi
Hn ch nhng truy cp khng c php
Tng ngi dng v nhm ngi dng c mt ti khon v mt m truy xut d liu
Cung cp nhiu giao din
HQT cung cp ngn ng gia CSDL v ngi dng
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Cc tnh nng ca HQT CSDL (tt) m bo cc rng buc ton vn
RBTV (Integrity Constraints) l nhng qui nh cn c tha mn m bo d
liu lun phn nh ng ng ngha ca th gii thc
Mt s RB c th c khai bo vi HQT v HQT s t ng kim tra. Mt s RB khc
c kim tra nh CTD
Kh nng sao lu d phng khi gp s c
C kh nng khi phc d liu khi c s h hng v phn cng hoc phn mm
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Cc tnh nng ca HQT CSDL (tt) Cc tnh nng khc
Chun ha
Cho php DBA nh ngha v bt buc p dng mt chun thng nht cho mi ngi
dng
Uyn chuyn
Khi nhu cu cng vic thay i, cu trc CSDL rt c th thay i, HQT cho
php thm hoc m rng cu trc m khng lm nh hng n CTD
Gim thi gian pht trin ng dng
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Ni dung chi tit
Gii thiu
Qu trnh pht trin
Mt s c tnh ca CSDL
Ngi s dng CSDL
Cc tnh nng ca HQT CSDL
Kin trc ca HQT CSDL
M hnh d liu
Ngn ng CSDL
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M hnh d liu
Bao gm
Cc khi nim biu din d liu
Cc php ton x l d liu
Phn loi
M hnh mc cao
M hnh ci t
M hnh mc thp
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M hnh d liu (tt)
M hnh mc cao
Cung cp cc khi nim gn gi vi ngi dng
M hnh phi t nhin v giu ng ngha
VD: m hnh thc th kt hp (ER), m hnh i tng
M hnh ci t
a ra cc khi nim ngi dng c th hiu c nhng khng qu xa vi cch d liu
c t chc tht s trn my tnh
VD: m hnh quan h, m hnh mng, m hnh phn cp
M hnh mc thp (m hnh vt l)
a ra cc khi nim m t chi tit v cch thc d liu c lu tr trong my
tnh
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V d m hnh ER
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SVien
hoc HPhan mo
MHoc
dieukien
Nganh
MaSV
Lop
Diem
(1,n)
(0,n)
Ten
(1,1)
mhoctruoc
mhocsau
(0,n)
(0,n)
Tinchi
MaMH
Khoa
TenMH
(0,n)
Hocky
Gvien Nam
MaHP
-
V d m hnh i tng
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35
SVien
Ten
Lop
Nganh
LapTKB()
InBangDiem()
Diem
DiemTH
DiemLT
DiemPrj
SuaDiem()
HPhan
Ten
SLuong 0..* 1..*
hoc
0..* 1..*
MHoc
Ten
Khoa
SoTinChi
CapNhatSTC()
0..*
1
0..*
1
mo
0..*
0..*
Dieu kien
+MHoc truoc
+MHoc sau
0..*
0..*
-
V d m hnh quan h
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SVien
MaSV
Ten
Lop
Nganh
Hoc
MaSV
MaHP
DiemLT
DiemTH
HPhan
MaHP
SLuong
MaMH
MHoc
MaMH
TenMH
Khoa
TinChi
DKien
MaMH
MaMHTruoc
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V d m hnh mng
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SVien MHoc
HPhan
KQua
DKien SVIEN_DIEM
MHOC_MO
MHOC_SAU
MHOC_TRUOC
KQUA_HPHAN
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V d m hnh phn cp KQua
DiemTH DiemLT
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SVien
TenSV Lop Nganh
HPhan
TenHP SLuong
MHoc
TenMH Khoa TinChi
Mc 2:
Mc 1:
Mc 3:
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Ni dung chi tit
Gii thiu
Qu trnh pht trin
Mt s c tnh ca CSDL
Ngi s dng CSDL
Cc tnh nng ca HQT CSDL
Kin trc ca HQT CSDL
M hnh d liu
Ngn ng CSDL
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Ngn ng CSDL
Ngn ng nh ngha d liu (DDL Data Definition Language)
Xc nh ra lc quan nim
Ngn ng lu tr d liu (SDL Storage Definition Language)
Ngn ng nh ngha lc trong
Ngn ng nh ngha khung nhn (VDL View Definition Language)
Ngn ng nh ngha lc ngoi
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Ngn ng CSDL (tt)
Ngn ng thao tc d liu (DML Data Manipulation Language)
Cho php truy xut, thm, xa, sa d liu
Mc cao (phi th tc)
Mc thp (th tc)
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Tho lun
Khi no nn dng v khng nn dng cch tip cn CSDL?
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