CHLOROGENIC ACID AND COFFEE PREVENT HYPOXIA-INDUCED RETINAL DEGENERATION

Holim Jang, Hong Ryul Ahn, Hyoung Jo, Kyung-A Kim, Eun Ha Lee, Ki Won Lee, Sang Hoon Jung, and Chang Y. Lee

The Retina

Photographic film of the eye Retinal ganglion (RGC-5) cells

Axons form optic nerve

Hypoxia

Metabolically active Oxidative stress

Reduction in oxygen supply Risk factor for sight-threatening

disorders

Nitric Oxide (NO)

Hypoxia NO binds to Complex IV O2-

formed Formation of peroxynitrite (oxidizing

agent) NO + O2

- ONO2-

Chlorogenic Acid (CGA)

Antioxidant phytochemical Major source is coffee High blood absorption rate (33%)

Green coffee

Question

Do CGA and coffee protect against retinal degeneration? In vitro & in vivo

Method: In Vivo

Male mice 30-35 kg Optic nerve crush

Left: crush Right: control

CGA & coffee extract (oral)

Method: In Vivo

RGC labeling: superior colliculi exposed Fluorogold

Eyeballs enucleated after 5 days Retinal flat mounts

Method: Analysis

Hematoxilin & Eosin staining Nuclei = blue Cytoplasm & proteins

= pink TUNEL staining

Apoptosis = brown

Results: CGA

Results: CGA

Results: CGA

Results: CGA

Results: Coffee Extract

Results: Coffee Extract

Results: Drawing Conclusions CGA’s NO scavenging activity

Optic nerve damage inflammatory response NO release

Supported by in vitro

Discussion

Retinal degeneration from hypoxia CGA = NO scavenger Limitations

Mice CGA concentration