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8/6/2019 Chuyen de Vat Ly Hat Nhan + Bai Giai - YeuVatLy
1/19
Chuyen e 2: VAT LY HAT NHAN
CAU TAO HAT NHAN NGUYEN T:
* Theo Rutherford, nguyen t rat nho co ng knh khoang 10-8m bao gom mot hat nhan gia, xung quanh co cac electron
* Hat nhan co kch thc rat nho (khoang 10-14m en 10-15m) c cau tao t cac hat nhohn goi la nuclon.
* Co 2 loai nuclon:
- Proton: ky hieu p mang ien tch nguyen to +e, khoi lng mp = 1,67263.10
-27
kg ln hnkhoi lng electron khoang 1840 lan
- Ntron: ky hieu n, khong mang ien tch, khoi lng mn = 1,67494.10-27kg
* Neu mot nguyen to co so th t Z trong bang tuan hoan Mendeleev (Z goi la nguyen tso) th nguyen t cua no se co Z electron vo ngoai hat nhan cua nguyen t ay cha Zproton va N ntron.
* Vo electron co ien tch Ze
Hat nhan co ien tch +Ze
Nguyen t ieu kien bnh thng la trung hoa ve ien* So nuclon trong mot hat nhan la: A = Z + N
A: goi la khoi lng so hoac so khoi lng nguyen t
* V du:
- Nguyen t Hydro: co Z = 1, co 1e- vo ngoai hat nhan co 1 proton va khong co ntron,so khoi A=1
- Nguyen t Carbon co Z = 6, co 6e- vo ngoai, hat nhan co 6 proton va ntron, so khoi
A=Z+N=12- Nguyen t natri co Z = 11, co 11e- vo ngoai, hat nhan co cha 11 proton va 12 ntron.
So khoi:
A = Z + N = 11 + 12 = 23
* Mot nguyen t hoac hat nhan cua no c k hieu bang cach ghi ben canh k hieu hoahoc: nguyen t so ( pha trc) va so khoi pha tren.
V du: 11
12 23 H,6
C,11
N
LC HAT NHAN:
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* Mac du hat nhan nguyen t c cau tao t cac hat mang ien cung dau hoac khongmang ien nhng lai kha ben vng.
* Do o lc lien ket gia chung co ban chat khac vi trong lc, lc ien, lc t ong thiphai rat manh so vi cac lc o.
* Lc lien ket nay goi la lc hat nhan.* Lc hat nhan ch manh khi khoang cach gia 2 nuclon bang hoac nho hn kch thc
cua hat nhan c 10-13m goi la ban knh tac dung cua lc hat nhan.
ONG V:
* Cac nguyen t ma hat nhan co cung so proton Z nhng co so ntron N khac nhau goi laong v
V du: - Hydro co 3 ong v: 11
H, 21
H,3
1H
* Cac ong v co cung so electron nen chung co cung tnh chat hoa hocN V KHOI LNG NGUYEN T
* n v khoi lng nguyen t (ky hieu la u) bang 112
khoi lng nguyen t cua ong v
pho bien 12 do o oi khi n v nay con goi la n v carbon6
C,
HIEN TNG PHONG XA:
a. Hien tng phong xa
* Phong xa la hien tng hat nhan nguyen t t ong phong ra nhng bc xa va bien oithanh hat nhan khac
* Nhng bc xa o goi la tia phong xa, tia phong xa khong nhn thay c nhng co thephat hien ra chung do co kha nang lam en knh anh, ion hoa cac chat, b lech trongien trng va t trng
b. ac iem cua hien tng phong xa:
* Hien tng phong xa hoan toan do cac nguyen nhan ben trong hat nhan gay ra, hoantoan khong phu thuoc vao tac ong ben ngoai.
* Du nguyen t phong xa co nam trong cac hp chat khac nhau, du chat phong xa chu apsuat hay nhiet o khac nhau th moi tac ong o eu khong gay anh hng en quatrnh phong xa cua hat nhan nguyen t.
BAN CHAT VA TNH CHAT CUA CAC TIA PHONG XA:
a. Tia alpha:
* K hieu , ban chat la hat nhan 42 He
* B lech ve ban am cua tu ien mang ien tch +2e
* Van toc chum tia : 107
m/s* Co kha nang gay ra s ion hoa chat kh
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* Kha nang am xuyen yeu, c toi a 8cm trong khong kh
b. Tia beta: gom 2 loai:
- Tia
* K hieu
* B lech ve ban dng cua tu ien
* Thc chat la dong cac electron
- Tia +
* K hieu +
* B lech ve ban am cua tu ien
* Thc chat la chum hat co khoi lng nh electron nhng mang ien tch +e goi la
positron.* Cac hat c phong xa vi van toc gan bang van toc anh sang
* Co kha nang ion hoa chat kh yeu hn tia
* Co kha nang am xuyen manh hn tia , co the i c hang tram met trong khongkh
c. Tia gamma:
* Ky hieu
* Khong b lech trong ien trng va t trng
* Ban chat la song ien t co bc song rat ngan
* ay la chum photon co nang lng cao, co kha nang am xuyen ln co the i qua motlp ch day hang domestic va nguy hiem cho ngi
* Co moi tnh chat nh tia Rnghen.
NH LUAT PHONG XA
* Moi chat phong xa c ac trng bi mot thi gian T goi la chu ky ban ra. C sau moi
chu k th 12
so nguyen t cua chat ay a bien oi thanh chat khac.
* Goi N0, m0: la so nguyen t va khoi lng ban au cua khoi lng phong xa.
Goi N, m: la so nguyen t va khoi lng thi iem t.
Ta co: t 00 K
NN N e
2
= =
t 0
0 K
mm m e
2
= =
K : la so chu ky ban ra trong khoang thi gian t
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: la so phong xa
ln 2 0, 693
T T = =
T: la chu ky ban ra
O PHONG XA:* o phong xa H cua mot lng chat phong xa la ai lng ac trng cho tnh phong xa
manh hay yeu c o bang so phan ra trong 1 giay.
* n v la Becqueren (Bq) hoac Curie (Ci)
1 Bq la phan ra trong 1 giay
1 Ci = 3,7.1010Bq
* o phong xa: H = N = N0 te = H0 te
H0 = N0 la o phong xa ban au
NH NGHA PHAN NG HAT NHAN
* Phan ng hat nhan la tng tac gia hai hat nhan dan en s bien oi cua chung thanhcac hat khac theo s o: A + B C + D
Trong o: A va B la hai hat nhan tng tac vi nhau. C va D la hai hat nhan mi ctao thanh
- So hat nhan trc va sau phan ng co the nhieu hoac t hn 2
- So hat 2 ve co the la hat s cap nh electron01( e )
+ ,
01( e )
++ , proton , ntron
, photon
11( H)
1
1( n) ( )
Lu y:
- S phong xa la trng hp rieng cua phan ng hat nhan o la qua trnh bien oi hatnhan nguyen t nay thanh hat nhan nguyen t khac.
- Phng trnh phan ng: A B + C
A: hat nhan me
B: neu la hat nhan mi th goi la hat nhan con
C: hat hoac
238 23492 90
U T + h
CAC NH LUAT BAO TOAN TRONG PHAN NG HAT NHAN
a. nh luat bao toan so Nuclon (so khoi A):
Tong so nuclon cua cac hat nhan trc phan ng va sau phan ng bao gi cung bangnhau:
Aa + Ab = Ac + Ad
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b. nh luat bao toan ien tch nguyen t so Z)
Tong ien tch cua cac hat trc va sau phan ng bao gi cung bang nhau:
Za + Zb = Zc + Zd
V du: 4 27 302 13 15
He Al P n+ + 10
4
2X
c. nh luat bao toan nang lng va bao toanong lng:
* Hai nh luat nay van ung cho he cac hat tham gia va phan ng hat nhan. Trong phanng hat nhan, nang lng va ong lng c bao toan
* Lu y : Khong co nh luat bao toan khoi lng cua he
CAC QUY TAC DCH CHUYEN CUA PHONG XA
Ap dung cac nh luat bao toan so nuclon va bao toan ien tch va qua trnh phong xa tathu c cac quy tac dch chuyen sau:
a. Phong xa : 42
( He)A 4 A
Z 2 ZX He +
So vi hat nhan me, hat nhan con v tr lui 2 o trong bang tuan hoan va co so khoi nhohn 4 n v.
V du: 226 4 22288 a 2 86 n
R He + R
b. Phong xa 01
( e )
: A 0 AZ 1 Z 1X e Y
+ +
* So vi hat nhan me, hat nhan con v tr tien 1 o va co cung so khoi.
V du:210 0 210
83 1 84 0Bi e P + +
* Thc chat cua phong xa la trong hat nhan 1 ntron (n) bien thanh 1 proton (p) congvi 1 electron (e-) va phan neutrio ( )
n p + e +
(Neutrino la hat nhan khong mang ien, so khoi A = 0, chuyen ong vi van toc anhsang)
c. Phong xa :+ 01
( e )+
A 0 A
Z 1 Z 1X e Y+
+ +
* So vi hat nhan me, hat nhan con v tr lui 1 o va co cung so khoi.
V du: 30 0 3015 1 14
P e Si+
+ +
* Thc chat cua s phong xa la s bien oi cua proton (p) thanh neutron (n) cong vi1 prsitron (e) va 1 nueutrino.
+
p n + e+ +
d. Phong xa :
* Phong xa photon co nang lng: hf = E2 E1 (E2 > E1)
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* Photon ( ) co A = 0, Z = 0 nen khi phong xa khong co bien oi hat nhan cua nguyento nay thanh hat nhan cua nguyen to kia ma ch co giam nang lng cua hat nhan o motlng bang hf.
Cac hang so
Hang so Avogaro : NA = 6,023.1023
nguyen t/mol Ln2 = 0,693 1 nam co 365 ngay 1 thang co 30 ngay
Cau 1. Khang nh nao la ung ve hat nhan nguyen t ?
A. Khoi lng cua nguyen t xap x khoi lng hat nhan.
B. Ban knh cua nguyen t bang ban knh hat nhan.
C. ien tch cua nguyen t bang ien tch hat nhan.
D. Lc tnh ien lien ket cac nuclon trong hat nhan .
Cau 2. Khang nh nao la ung ve cau tao hat nhan ?
A. Trong ion n nguyen t so proton bang so electron
B. Trong hat nhan so proton bang so ntron
C. Trong hat nhan so proton bang hoac nho hn so ntron
D. Cac nuclon moi khoang cach bat ky eu lien ket vi nhau bi lc hat nhan.Cau 3. Nguyen t ong v phong xa co:U23592
A. 92 electron va tong so proton va electron bang 235.
B. 92 ntron, tong so ntron va proton bang 235.
C. 92 proton, tong so proton va electron bang 235.
D. 92 proton , tong so proton va ntron bang 235.
Cau 4. Ky hieu cua nguyen t ma hat nhan cua no cha 3 proton va 4 ntron la:
A. B. C. D.N73 N37 Li73 Li37
Cau 5. Khoi lng cua mot hat nhan He42
A. 3,32.1024g B. 6,64.1024g C. 5,31.1024g D. 24,08.1024g
Cau 6. Xet ieu kien tieu chuan , co 2 gam chiem mot the tch tng ng la :He42
A. 22,4 lt B. 44,8 lt C. 11,2 lt D. 5,6 lt
Cau 7. Xem khoi lng cua hat proton va ntron xap x bang nhau, batang thc nao laung?
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A. mD > mT > B. mT > > mD C. > mD > mT D. > mT> mD
m m m m
Cau 8. Nhan xet nao la sai ve tia anpha cua chat phong xa?
A. Phong ra t hat nhan vi van toc khoang 107m/s.
B. No lam ion hoa moi trng va mat dan nang lng.
C. Ch i toi a 8cm trong khong kh .
D. Co the xuyen qua mot tam thuy tinh mong .
Cau 9. Nhan xet nao ve tia beta cua chat phong xa la sai?
A. Cac hat phong ra vi van toc rat ln , co the gan bang van toc anh sang .
B. Tia lam ion hoa moi trng manh hn tia anpha .
C. Tia gom cac hat chnh la cac hat electron .
D. Co hai loai tia : tia va tia+
Cau 10. Nhan xet nao ve tia gamma cua chat phong xa la khong ung?
A. La song ien t co bc song dai , mang nang lng ln .
B. La hat photon , gay nguy hiem cho con ngi .
C. Khong b lech trong ien trngva t trng.
D. Co kha nang am xuyen rat ln .
Cau 11. Nhan xet nao ve hien tng phong xa la sai?
A. Khong phu thuoc vao cac tac ong ben ngoai .
B. Khong phu thuoc vao nhiet o cua moi trng .
C. Anh hng en ap suat cua moi trng .
D. Cac chat phong xa khac nhau co chu ky ban ra khac nhau .
Cau 12. Nhan xet nao lien quan en hien tng phong xa la khong ung?
A. Phong xa , hat nhan con lui 2 o trong bang tuan hoan so vi hat nhan me .
B. Phong xa hat nhan con tien 1 o trong bang tuan hoan so vi hat nhan me .
C. Phong xa hat nhan con lui 1 o trong bang tuan hoan so vi hat nhan me .+
D. Phong xa hat nhan con sinh ra tra.ng thai kch thch va chuyen t mc nang lngthap en mc nang lng cao hn .
Cau 13. Tnh chat nao lien quan en hat nhan nguyen t va phan ng hat nhan la khongung?
A. Hat nhan co nang lng lien ket cang ln th cang ben vng .
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B. Mot phan ng hat nhan trong o cac hat sinh ra co tong khoi lng be hn cac hat banau , ngha la ben vng hn , la phan ng toa nang lng .
C. Mot phan ng hat nhan sinh ra cac hat co tong khoi lng ln hn cac hat ban au ,ngha la kem ben vng hn , la phan ng thu nang lng .
D. Phan ng ket hp gia hai hat nhan nhe nh hydro, heli, ......thanh mot hat nhan nanghn goi la phan ng nhiet hach
Cau 14. Nhan xet nao ve phan ng phan hach va phan ng nhiet hach la khong ung?
A. S phan hach la hien tng mot hat nhan nang hap thu mot ntron roi v thanh hai hatnhan trung bnh cung vi 2 hoac 3 ntron.
B. Phan ng nhiet hach ch xay ra nhiet o rat cao .
C. Bom khinh kh c thc hien bi phan ng phan hach.
D. Con ngi ch thc hien c phan ng nhiet hach di dang khong kiem soat c
Cau 15. Khang nh nao lien quan en phan ng phan hach la ung?
A. Neu s > 1 th he thong goi la vt han , khong khong che c phan ng day chuyen ,trng hp nay c s dung e che tao bom nguyen t .
B. Neu s = 1 th he thong goi la ti han , phan ng day chuyen van tiep dien , nhngkhong tang vot , nang lng toa ra khong oi va co the kiem soat c , trng hpnay c s dung trong nha may ien hat nhan nguyen t .
C. Neu s < 1 th he thong goi la di han , phan ng day chuyen khong xay ra .
D. Tat ca eu ung.Cau 16. Chat IOT phong xa co chu ky ban ra la 8 ngay. Ban au co 100g chat nay th sau 16ngay khoi lng chat IOT con lai la
A. 12,5g B. 25g C. 50g D. 75g
Cau 17. Ban au co 2g Radon ( 222 Rn) la chat phong xa chu ky ban ra T. So nguyen tRadon con lai sau t = 4T
86
A. 3,39.1020 nguyen t B. 5,42.1020 nguyen t
C. 3,49.1020 nguyen t D. 5,08.1020 nguyen tCau 18. Mot lng chat phong xa Radon co khoi lng ban au la m0. Sau 15,2 ngay th ophong xa cua no giam 93,75%. Chu ky ban ra T cua Radon la :
A. 14,5 ngay B. 1,56 ngay C. 1,9 ngay D. 3,8 ngay
Cau 19. Chu ky ban ra cua la T= 4,5.109 nam. Cho biet : x
8/6/2019 Chuyen de Vat Ly Hat Nhan + Bai Giai - YeuVatLy
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Cau 20. Khi phan tch mot mau go, ngi ta xac nh c rang: 87,5% so nguyen t ong v
phong xa 14 C co trong mau go a b phan ra thanh cac nguyen t 14 N. Biet chu ky ban ra
cua 14 C la 5570 nam. Tuoi cua mau go nay bang
6 7
6
A. 16710 nam B.5570 nam C.11140 nam D. 44560 namCau 21. 60 Co la chat phong xa co chu ky ban ra la T = 5,33 nam. Cho 1 nam co 365ngay, luc au co 5,33 g Coban, o phong xa cua mau chat tren sau hai chu ky ban ra bang
27
A. 1,37.1013Bq B. 5,51.1013Bq C. 1,034.1015Bq D.2,76.1013Bq
Cau 22. Mot chat phong xa phat ra tia , c mot hat nhan b phan ra cho mot hat . Trongthi gian 1 phut au chat phong xa phat ra 360 hat , nhng 6 gi sau , ke t luc bat au olan th nhat , trong 1 phut chat phong xa ch phat ra 45 hat . Chu ky ban ra cua chat phong
xa nay la :A. 1 gi B. 2 gi C. 3 gi D. 4 gi
Cau 23. Chat phong xa Poloni Po phong ra tia va bien thanh ch Pb. Cho biet chuky ban ra cua Poloni la T = 138 ngay. Luc au co 18g Poloni, thi gian e lng Poloni chcon 2,25g la
21084
20682
A. 1104 ngay B. 276 ngay C. 552 ngay D. 414 ngay
Cau 24. Poloni la mot chat phong xa phat xa ra hat va bien thanh hat nhan ben X .Ban au co mot mau Poloni khoi lng 210g. Sau thi gian mot chu ky ban ra, khoi lngHe tao thanh t s phan ra bang
Po21084
Po21084
A. 1g B. 2g C. 3g D. 4g
Cau 25. Hien tai mot mau quang co cha chat phong xa Xesi 137 Cs co o phong xa H0 =2.105 Bq , chu ky ban ra cua Xesi la 30 nam. o phong xa cua mau quang o thi iem 60nam sau la
55
A. 2.105 Bq B.0,25 105 Bq C. 2 .105 Bq D. 0,5.105 Bq
Cau 26. Mot mau quang co cha chat phong xa Xesi 137 Cs co o phong xa H0 = 0,693.105
Bq co chu ky ban ra la 30 nam. Khoi lng Xesi cha trong mau quang o la :55
A. 5,59.10-8g B. 2,15.10-8g C. 3,10.10-8g D. 1,87.10-8g
Cau 27. Mot tng go co co o phong xa ch bang 0,25 o phong xa cua mot khuc go cungkhoi lng mi chat xuong. Biet tng go phong xa tia t C14 va chu ky ban ra cua C14 laT = 5600 nam. Tuoi cua tng go bang
A. 2800 nam B. 22400 nam C. 5600 nam D. 11200 nam
Cau 28. Chat 131 I co chu ky ban ra la 192 gi. Neu ban au co 1kg 131 I th sau 40 ngay em
th khoi lng 131 I con lai la
53 53
53
A. 200g B. 250g C. 31,25g D. 166,67g
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Cau 29. Cac phep o o phong xa cua mot mau Cr thc hien c 5 phut cho ket qua sau :5524
t (phut) 0 5 10 15
o phong xa H (mCi) 19,2 7,13 2,65 0,99
Chu ky ban ra cua Cr bang5524
A. 2,5phut B. 1,5phut C. 3,5phut D. 4,5phut
Cau 30. Goi t la khoang thi gian e so hat nhan cua mot lng phong xa giam i e lan ( ela c so cua loga t nhien vi lne = 1), T la chu ky ban ra cua chat phong xa. Bieu thc naola ung ?
A. t = 2LnT2 B. t = 2Ln
T C. t = 2Ln2T D. t = T
2Ln
Cau 31. Trong phan ng sau ay : hat X la++++ e7X2LaMoUn 13957954223592
A. Electron B. Proton C. Heli D. Ntron
Cau 32. Nguyen to rai Ra phong xa vi chu ky ban ra T = 5.1010s, nguyen to con cua
no la Raon. o phong xa cua 693g Rai bang
22688
A. 2,56.1013Bq B. 8,32.1013Bq C. 2,72.1011Bq D. 4,52.1011Bq
Cau 33. Sau bao nhieu lan phong xa va bao nhieu lan phong xa th hat nhan
bien oi thanh hat nhan ?
Th23290Pb20882
A. 4 lan p.xa ;6 lan p.xa B. 6 lan p.xa ;8 lan p.xa
C. 8 lan p.xa ;6 lan p.xa D. 6 lan p.xa ;4 lan p.xa
Cau 34. Mot hat nhan 238 U thc hien mot chuoi phong xa : gom 8 phong xa va 6 phongxa bien thanh hat nhan X ben vng. X la hat nhan
92
A.Po (Poloni) B. Pb (ch ) C. Ra(Radi) D. Rn(Radon)
Cau 35. Cho phan ng hat nhan: X + X + , vi n la hat ntron , X la hat :He32 n
A. proton B. ntron C. tri D. Triti
Cau 36. Cho phan ng hat nhan : 3 T + X + n , X la hat :1
A. proton B. ntron C. tri D. Triti
Cau 37. Trong phan ng hat nhan ai lng nao sau ay khong bao toan?
A. Khoi lng B. ong lng C. Nang lng D. ien tch
Cau 38. Cho phan ng hat nhan sau : H + Be He + X , X la hat nhan11 94 42
A. tri B. Triti C. Li D. Heli
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Cau 39. Cho phan ng nhiet hach sau : D + D T + X , X la hat
A. tri B. Proton C. Ntron D.Electron
Cau 40. Photpho ( ) phong xa va bien oi thanh lu huynh (S). Cau tao cua hat nhanlu huynh gom
P3215
A. Co 14 hat proton , 18 hat ntron . B. Co 16 hat proton , 16 hat ntron .
C. Co 15 hat proton , 16 hat ntron . D. Co 15 hat proton , 18 hat ntron .
r
Cau 41. Goi R la ban knh, m la khoi lng , q la ien tch cua hat tch ien,v la van toc cuahat , la vect cam ng t cua t trng vuong goc vi hop Xiclotron ( may gia toc ) , thlc Lorentz lam cac ien tch chuyen ong tron trong long hop Xiclotron vi ban knh R cobieu thc :
B
A.vB
mqR = B.mq
vBR = C.mB
qvR = D.qB
mvR =
Cau 42. Poloni ( Po) la chat phong xa phat ra tia phong xa va chuyen thanh hat nhan chPb. No phat ra tia phong xa
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A. B. C. D.+
Cau 43. Chat phong xa sau khi phan ra bien thanh . phat ra tia phong xaCo6027 Ni6028 Co6027
A. B. C. D.+
Cau 44. Urani 238 sau mot loat phong xa va bien thanh ch. Phng trnh cua phan ngla:
23892 U Pb + x He + y e . y co gia tr20682 42 01
A. y=4 B. y=5 C. y=6 D. y=8
Cau 45. Cho phan ng phan hach Uran 235 : n + U 144 Ba + Kr + 3 n10 23592 Z A36 10
So khoi va nguyen t so trong phng trnh phan ng co gia tr
A. 56 ; 89 B. 57 ; 89 C. 56 ; 88 D. 57 ; 87
Cau 46. Poloni ( Po) co chu ky ban ra la T = 138 ngay, la chat phong xa phat ra tia phongxa va chuyen thanh hat nhan ch Pb. Biet rang thi iem khao sat ty so gia so hat
Pb va so hat 210 Po bang 7. Tuoi cua mau chat tren la
21084
20682
20682 84
A. 276 ngay B.46 ngay C. 552ngay D. 414 ngay
Cau 47. Poloni ( 210 Po) la chat phong xa co chu ky ban ra T=3312h ,phat ra tia phong xa vachuyen thanh hat nhan ch 206 Pb.Luc au o phong xa cua Po la: 4.1013Bq, thi gian canthiet e Po co o phong xa 0,5.1013Bq bang
84
82
A. 3312h B. 9936h C. 1106h D. 6624h
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Cau 48. Hat nhan Na phan ra va bien thanh hat nhan X . So khoi A va nguyen t soZ co gia tr
2411
AZ
A. A = 24 ; Z =10 B. A = 23 ; Z = 12 C. A = 24 ; Z =12 D. A = 24 ; Z= 11
Cau 49. Hat nhan Na phan ra va bien thanh hat nhan Mg .2411 Luc au mau Na la nguyen chat . Tai thi iem khao sat thay t so gia khoi lng Mg
va khoi lng Na co trong mau la 2 . Luc khao sat
A. So nguyen t Na nhieu gap 2 lan so nguyen t Mg
B. So nguyen t Na nhieu gap 4 lan so nguyen t Mg
C. So nguyen t Mg nhieu gap 4 lan so nguyen t Na
D. So nguyen t Mg nhieu gap 2 lan so nguyen t Na
Cau 50. Na la mot chat phong xa co chu ky ban ra T = 15 gi. Mot mau Na thiiem t = 0 co khoi lng m0 = 72g. Sau mot khoang thi gian t , khoi lng cua mau chat chcon m = 18g. Thi gian t co gia tr
2411 2411
A. 30 gi B. 45 gi C. 60gi D. 120gi
Cau 51. ong v phong xa phong xa va bien oi thanh mot hat nhan ch .Tai thiiem t t le gia so hat nhan ch va so hat nhan Po trong mau la 5 ,tai thi iem t nay t sokhoi lng ch va khoi lng Po la:
Po21084
A. 4,905 B. 0,196 C. 5,097 D. 0,204
Cau 52. Na la mot chat phong xa co chu ky ban ra T . thi iem t = 0 co khoilng Na la
2411
2411
m0 = 24g. Sau mot khoang thi gian t = 3T th so hat c sinh ra la :
A.7,53.1022 hat B. 2.1023 hat C. 5,27.1023 hat D. 1.51.1023hat
Cau 53. Co 1kg chat phong xa vi chu ky ban ra T=16/3 (nam). Sau khi phan ra
bien thanh . Thi gian can thiet e co 984,375(g) chat phong xa a b phan ra la
Co6027 Co6027
Ni6028
A. 4 nam B. 16 nam C. 32 nam D. 64 nam
Cau 54. ong v phong xa Coban Co phat ra tia va6027 vi chu ky ban ra T = 71,3ngay. Trong 365 ngay, phan tram chat Coban nay b phan ra bang
A. 97,1% B. 80% C. 31% D. 65,9%
Cau 55. ong v Na la chat phong xa va tao thanh ong v cua magie. Sau 105 gi, ophong xa cua Na giam i 128 lan. Chu ky ban ra cua Na bang
A. 17,5h B. 21h C. 45h D. 15h
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Cau 56. Photpho ( ) phong xa vi chu k ban ra T . Sau thi gian t = 3T ke t thiiem ban au, khoi lng cua mot khoi chat phong xa con lai la 5 gam . Khoi lng banau cua Photpho la
P3215 P3215
A. 15 gam B. 40 gam C. 0,625 gam D. 20 gam
Cau 57. ong v Na co chu ky ban ra T =15h , Na la chat phong xa va tao thanhong v cua magie. Mau Na co khoi lng ban au m0 = 24g. o phong xa ban au cua
Na bang
2411 2411 2411
2411
A. 7,73.1018 .Bq B. 2,78.1022 .Bq C. 1,67.1024.Bq D. 3,22.1017.Bq
Cau 58. ong v Na la chat phong xa va tao thanh ong v cua magie. Mau Na cokhoi lng ban au m0 = 8g , chu ky ban ra cua 24 Na la T =15h. Khoi lng magie tao thanhsau thi gian 45 gi la
2411
2411
11
A. 8g B. 7g C. 1g D. 1,14g
Cau 59. Cho phan ng hat nhan sau: H + Be He + X + 2,1 MeV. Nang lng toara t phan ng tren khi tong hp c 4 gam heli bang
11
94
42
A.5,61. 1024MeV B.1,26.1024MeV C. 5,06.1024MeV D. 5,61.1023MeV
Cau 60. Coban ( ) phong xa vi chu ky ban ra T = 5,27 nam. Thi gian can thiet e75% khoi lng cua mot khoi chat phong xa b phan ra la
Co
Co6027
A. 42,16 nam B. 21,08nam C. 5,27 nam D. 10,54 nam
Cau 61. Nang lng ngh cua 1 gam nguyen t Coban ( ) bangCo6027
A. 9.1016J B.3.108J C. 9.1013J D. 3.105J
Cau 62. Biet khoi lng cua proton mP = 1,0073u, khoi lng ntron mn = 1,0087u,khoi lngcua hat nhan teri m = 2,0136u va 1u = 931MeV/c2. Nang lng lien ket rieng cua hat nhannguyen t teri 2 H la1
A. 1,12MeV B. 2,24MeV C. 3,36MeV D. 1,24MeV
Cau 63. Cho phan ng phan hach Uran 235 : n + 235 U 144 Ba + 8936 Kr + 3 n + 200MeV. Biet 1u = 931 MeV/c2. o hut khoi cua phan ng bang
10 92 56
10
A. 0,3148u B. 0,2148u C. 0,2848u D. 0,2248u
Cau 64. Cho phan ng hat nhan : T + D + n. Cho biet mT =3,016u; mD = 2,0136u;= 4,0015u; mn = 1,0087u; u = 931 MeV/c2. Khang nh nao sau ay lien quan en phan nghat nhan tren la ung ?
m
A. toa 18,06MeV B. thu 18,06MeV C. toa 11,02 MeV D. thu 11,02 MeV
Cau 65. Cho phan ng hat nhan: T + + 4,8 MeV. Nang lng toa ra khi phantch hoan toan 1g Li la
Lin 6310 +
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A. 0,803.1023 MeV B. 4,8.1023 MeV C. 28,89.1023 MeV D. 4,818 .1023MeV
Cau 66. Ban pha hat nhan 14 N ng yen bang mot hat thu c hat proton va mot hatnhan Oxy. Cho khoi lng cua cac hat nhan : mN = 13,9992u ; m = 4,0015u ; mP= 1,0073u ;mO = 16,9947u , vi u = 931 MeV/c2 . Khang nh nao sau ay lien quan en phan ng hat
nhan tren la ung ?
7
A. Thu 1,39.106 MeV nang lng B. Toa 1,21 MeV nang lng
C. Thu 1,21 MeV nang lng D. Toa 1,39.106 MeV nang lng
Cau 67. Xem ban au hat nhan 12 C ng yen .Cho biet mC =12,0000u ; m= 4,0015u. Nanglng toi thieu can thiet e chia hat nhan thanh ba hat la
6
C126
A. 6,7.1013J B. 7,7.1013J C. 8,2.1013J D. 5,6.1013J
Cau 68. Hat nhan phong xa Poloni 210 Po ng yen phat ra tia va sinh ra hat nhan con X.Goi K la ong nang ,v la van toc,m la khoi lng cua cac hat. Bieu thc nao la ung84
A.
== m
mvv
KK X
XX B.
== mm
vv
KK XX
XC.
XXX mm
vv
KK == D.
== mm
vv
KK X
XX
Cau 69. Hat nhan phong xa Poloni 210 Po ng yen phat ra tia va sinh ra hat nhan con X.Biet rang moi phan ng phan ra cua Poloni giai phong mot nang lng E = 2,6MeV. Laygan ung khoi lng cac hat nhan theo so khoi A bang n v u. ong nang cua hat co giatr
84
A. 2,15MeV B. 2,55MeV C. 2,75MeV D. 2,89MeV
Cau 70. Hat nhan ng yen phong xa va bien oi thanh hat nhan X , biet ong nangcua hat la : = 4,8 MeV. Lay khoi lng hat nhan tnh bang u bang so khoi cua chung,nang lng toa ra trong phan ng tren bang
Ra22688K
A. 1.231 MeV B. 2,596 MeV C. 4,886 MeV D. 9,667MeV
Cau 71. Ngi ta dung proton ban pha hat nhan Beri ng yen. Hai hat sinh ra la Heli va X :11 p + Be He + X . Biet proton co ong nang K = 5,45MeV, Heli co van toc vuonggoc vi van toc cua proton va co ong nang KHe = 4MeV. Cho rang o ln cua khoi lngcua mot hat nhan (o bang n v u) xap x bang so khoi A cua no. ong nang cua hat Xbang
94
42 P
A. 1,225MeV B. 3,575MeV C. 6,225MeV D. Mot gia trkhac
Cau 72. Cho phan ng hat nhan : n + Li T + + 4,8 MeV. Cho biet mn = 1,0087u;
mT = 3,016u; m = 4,0015u; 1u = 931 MeV/c2. Khoi lng cua hat nhan Li co gia tr bang
10
63
A. 6,1139u B. 6,0839u C. 6,411u D. 6,0139u
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ap An :
1A.2C.3D.4C.5B.C6.7D.8D.9B.10A.11C.12D.13A.
14C.15D.16B.17A.18D.19C.20A.21B.22B.23D.24B.
25D.26B.27D.28C.29C.30B.31D.32A.33D.34B.35C.
36C.37A.38C.39B.40B.41D.42A.43C.44C.45A.46D.
47B.48C.49D.50A.51A.52C.53C.54A.55D.56B.57A.
58B.59B.60D.61C.62A.63B.64A.65D.66C.67A.68D.
69B.70C.71B.72D.
HNG DAN GIAI
1 Khoi lng cua nguyen t xap x khoi lng hat nhan. chon cau A2Trong hat nhan so proton bang hoac nho hn so ntron chon cau C
3 Nguyen t ong v phong xa co: A =235 ; Z = 92 chon cau DU23592
4 Ky hieu cua nguyen t ma hat nhan cua no cha 3 proton va 4 ntron la chon cauLi73 C
5 NA nguyen t nang 4g mot hat nhan nang m =He42 He42AN
4 = 6,64.1024g chon
cau B
6 ieu kien tieu chuan : NA nguyen t 4g 22,4 lHe42
Co 2 gam chiem mot the tch tng ng la 11,2 lt chon cau C He42
7 Khoi lng cua cac hat nhan sau ay : D , 3 T ,21 1 = > mT > mD chon cauHe42 mD
168
16Tto
2
100
2
mm == = 25g chon cau B
17 20AoTto 10.39,3A16
Nm
2
1.NN === chon cau A
18 8,3T9375,012
1
2
11HH
Tt
Tto
=== ngay chon cau D
19 ==== t.T2Ln.A
NmtNNNN Aooo 3,895.1011 nguyen t chon cau C
20 === 875,01
2
1875,0
2
11NN
T
t
T
t
o
t = 16710 nam chon cau A
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21 ==== Tt
Ao
Tto
to
2
1.ANm
T2Ln
2
1NeHH 5,51.1013Bq chon cau B
22 )e1(NNN360N too ===
)e1('N'N'N45'Nt
oo
=== h236
T3Tt
2'NN
845360
T
t
o
o======
chon cau B
2325,2
18mm2
2
mm oTt
Tto === t = 414 ngay chon cau D
24 g2A2A.mmA
N.mNAN.m
21
2N)e1(NNNN oAAotoo ========
chon
cau B
25 === Ttoto
21HeHH 0,5.105 Bq chon cau D
26 == ANm
T2LnNH Aooo mo= 2,15.10
-8g chon cau B
27 === Tto
to
2
1HeHH 0,25Ho t = 11200 nam chon cau D
29 ==== 13,72,19
HH2
2
1HeHH oTt
Tto
to T =3,5 phut
30 2LnTt1t.
eNeNN oto ==== chon cau B
31 A = 1 ; Z = 0 chon cau D++++ e7X2LaMoUn 01AZ1395795422359210
32 ANmT2LnNHAo
oo == = 2,56.1013Bq chon cau A
33 Pb + x He + y e x = 6 ; y = 4 chon cau DTh23290 20682 42 01
39 + + X la hat Proton chon cau BD21 D21 T31 X11
46 821NN
NNN
NN7 T
tooPb ==
== t = 414 ngay chon cau D
47 ==
T
tot
o
2
1HeHH t = 9936h chon cau B
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50 == Tto
to
2
1memm t = 30 gi chon cau A
51 905,4210206.5
mm
51
AA
mm
A
NmA
Nm
NN
Po
Pb
Po
Pb
Pb
Po
Pb
APb
Po
APo
Pb
Po ===== chon cau A
52 =====
)211(A
N.m)e1(NNNNN 3Aot
oo 5,27.1023 hat chon cau C
53 ==== )2
11(1000375,984)2
11(m)e1(mmmmTt
Tto
too t = 32 nam chon
cau C
54 ====
3,71
365
T
tt
o
2
11
2
11e1NN 97,1% chon cau A
55 ==Ttoo
2
1H.128H128H T = 15h chon cau D
58 g7m87
NA.N
mAN.m
87)e1(NNNNN o
A
MgMgMg
AtooNaMg =======
chon
cau B
59 11 H + Be He + X + 2,1 MeV94 42
1 hat toa nang lng 2,1 MeV .Vay NA hat ( 4g He ) toa nang lng1,26.1024MeV chon cau B
42
60 === 75,02
11e1mm
Tt
t
ot = 10,54 nam chon cau D
61 E = mc2=10-3.(3.108)2 = 9.1013J chon cau C
62A
c)mmm(A
c)mm(AE'E 2HnP2o
21+=
== =1,12MeV chon cau A
63 =====931u200
cMeV200
cEMc.ME 22
2 0,2148u chon cau B
64 T + D + n
MO= mT + mD ; M = + mn . V MO > M Phan ng toa nang lng, nang lng toa rala :
m
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=== 2O2 c)MM(c.ME 18,06MeV chon cau A
65 T + + 4,8 MeV . Ta co : NLi =Lin 6310 +Li
AA
N.m
1 hat Li toa nang lng 4,8 MeV, vay NLi hat Li toa nang lng : E = 4,818 .1023
MeV chon cau D66 + 14 N p + O7
MO= + mN ; M = mP + mO . V MO < M Phan ng thu nang lng, nang lng thuvao la :
m
=== 2o2 c)MM(c.ME 1,21 MeV chon cau C
67 E = 3 - EC = (3 -mC) c2 = 4,1895 MeV = 6,7.1013J chon cau AE m
68210
Po + X . nh luat bao toan ong lng 84 Xpp = = XXvmvm
= mm
vv X
X(1)
T : Xpp = 2X2 pp = = XXKmKm
=mm
KK X
X(2)
(1) (2)
==mm
vv
KK X
XX chon cau D
69 Po + X21084 PbHePo 206824221084 +
nh luat bao toan nang lng : )1(MeV5,51KKE X =+=
Ta co : )2(5,514
206mm
KK X
X===
. T (1) (2) K = 2,55MeV chon cau B
70 XHeRa 222864222688 +
nh luat bao toan nang lng : )1(KKE X+=
nh luat bao toan ong lng Xpp = 2X2 pp = = XXKmKmX
X mKmK =
(2)
(1) (2) 4,886 MeV chon cau C =E
71 11 p + Be He +94 42 X63
nh luat bao toan ong lng : Xp ppprrr
+= . V ppprr 2p22X ppp +=
XXppXX K45,516K6KmKmKm +=+= = 3,575MeV chon cau B
72 n + Li T + + 4,8 MeV .10 63
=== 2O2 c)MM(c.ME ( mn + mLi mT ) c2 = 4,8 MeVm
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mLi = 6,0139u chon cau D
GV. Nguyen Hu Loc
TT luyen thi ai hoc CLC Vnh Vien
Trang 18