ciprofloxacin (1)

8/7/2019 ciprofloxacin (1)

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CIPROFLOXACIN


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Introduction

DRUG : Ciprofloxacin

BRAND NAME : Baycip

Company name : Bayer

CATEGORY : Antibiotic

Description:- Ciprofloxacin is a

synthetic chemotherapeutic antibio

tic of the fluoroquinolone drug class. It

is a second-generationfluoroquinolone antibacterial


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Ciprofloxacin: Chemical Structure

Ciprofloxacin is a 4-quinolone antibacterial durg

Ref : Drugs 1988 (35: 373-447)

F

O

CO2H

NN

HN

Effective against gram-

positive and gram-

negative pathogens.

Effective against

pseudomonas

Confers potent

antimicrobial activity

Ciprofloxacin


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Mechanism of Action:


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Mechanism of Action

Ciprofloxacin inhibits DNA gyrase enzyme

which is responsible for super coiling of

DNA. It acts as bactericidal in bacteria which are

actively multiplying and even those which

are stationary.

Ciprofloxacin gets concentrated in all the

tissues as the volume of distribution of drug

is high, sufficient to eradicate infections.


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PHARMACOKINETICS

Oral bioavailability good

Good volume of distribution.

Eliminated from body in short time and

hence no cumulation.

Less plasma protein binding and therefore

more drug available at tissue sites.


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CIPROFLOXACIN: ANTIBACTERIAL SPECTRUM

Antibacterial spectrum ciprofloxacin has in vitro activity against a wide range ofgram-negative, gram-positive and atypical pathogens.

Gram-positive Gram-negative Atypical

S.epidermidis E.coli, L.pneumophila

S.pneumoniae H.influenzae M.pneumoniae

S.pyogenes K.pneumoniae C.trachomatis

N.gonorrhoeae

P.mirabilis

S.typhii

Serratia,

Shigella

M.catarrhalis

Pseudomonas

Others: Mycobacterium tuberculosis


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Market Formulations & Strenghts:

Ciprofloxacin is available as:

Tablets (100 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg, 750 mg

or 1000 mg)

Intravenous solutions (5% and 10%, 100

mL)

Eye and ear drops


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Dosage and Administration:

RECOMMENDEDSTARTING AND MAINTENANCE DOSES FOR

PATIENTS WITH IMPAIRED RENAL FUNCTION

CreatinineClearance (mL/min) Dose

50 UsualD

osage. 30 50 250 500 mg q 12 h

5 29 250 500 mg q 18 h

Patients on hemodialysis 250 500 mg q 24 h

or Peritoneal dialysis (after dialysis)


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Dosage Administration:

Infection Severity Dose Frequency Usuaual

Duration

Urinary Tract Acute Uncomplicated 250 mg q 12 h 3 days

Mild/Moderate 250 mg q 12 h 7 to 14 days

Severe/Complicated 500 mg q 12 h 7 to 14 days


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Indications:

On promotion:

Multi drug resistant-typoih and paratyphoid fever.

Urinary tract infections Surgical prophylaxis

Surgical bound infections

Otitis media

Acute sinusitis.


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Indications:

Generalindications:

LRTI

ENT infections

Infectious diarrhea, dysentery and typhoid fever Paratyphoid fever

Cholera

UTI (acute, sub acute and chronic)

Skin and soft tissue infections

Orthopedic infections Gynecological infections

Gall bladder infections

Gonorrhea

Chancroid


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Contraindications :

Hypersensitivity to the drug

Epilepsy or convulsions

Pregnancy, lactation.


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Overdose:

Overdose of ciprofloxacin may result in reversible

renal toxicity. Treatment of overdose includes

emptying of the stomach via induced vomiting or

by gastric lavage. Administration of magnesium,

aluminum, or calcium containing antacids can

reduce the absorption of ciprofloxacin.


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Side Effects:

dizziness, fainting, fast or pounding heartbeat;

sudden pain or swelling near your joints (especially in your arm or

ankle);

diarrhea that is watery or bloody;

confusion, hallucinations, depression, unusual thoughts or behavior;

seizure (convulsions);

pale or yellowed skin, dark colored urine, fever, weakness;

numbness, tingling, or unusual pain anywhere in your body;

fever, sore throat, and headache with a severe blistering, peeling, andred skin rash; or

the first sign of any skin rash, no matter how mild.


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Adverse Effects:

Gastro Intestinal Tract All quinolones have varying

degrees of GIT irritation ranging from mild nausea to

severe gastritis which can be limited by administering hr

after food. Central Nervous Systemeffects The Pharmacodynamic

Drug interactions with NSAIDs manifest sometimes as

convulsions.

Cardio Vascular System Toxicity.

Phototoxicity.


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LeadingManufacturingCompanies:

Brand

Cifron-CT

Ciplox-TZ Zoxin- TZ

Ciprolets-A

Alcipro-TN

Quintor TZ Ciprobid TZ

Company

Ranbaxy

Cipla FDC

Dr. Reddys

Alkem

Torrent Zy.alidac


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HIGHLIGHTS OFCIPROFLOXACIN

The most potent fluorinated quinolone

Has a very broad spectrum of antibacterial activity

Ensures rapid bactericidal activity at very lowconcentrations

Is rapidly distributed and adequate levels are

achieved in most tissues and body fluids with high

intracellular concentrations in the phagocytes

Good bioavailability with an extended half-life of

elimination


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CIPROFLOXACIN: A SUCCESS STORY

Ciprofloxacin, has become a remarkable

success story in the pharmaceutical

industry, not only for being the first oralantimicrobial drug with broad spectrum that

can be used to treat day-today as well as

serious infections, but also for its

penetration into the commercial market

place.


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ciprofloxacin (1)