cmamoduloc2-110917140841-phpapp01

8/4/2019 cmamoduloc2-110917140841-phpapp01

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F{sv̀ mk Km{fhîæ ̀k L`sdhîæ ̀‖ ]gu ̀3" iä|kb GG ‖ 8º hi`

Fgmhmhigh k D{im` H}{hb



Kvf b̀h Vkf{imèsgh mk Ckih|ki}k

Us`lkvv`s: J`hx{gd Dhms{nh $ FKL ‖ ]gu` 3" iä|kb GG $ Fgmhmhigh k D{im` H}{hb ‖ 8º Hi` Uèngih 8;<

Mgdkivæ ̀V`fghb k F{b}{shb

!F`duìki}k mk L`sdhîæ` V`fg`f{b}{shb'

Döm{b̀ F3: Mgvfsgdgihîæ ̀k Shfgvd :̀

]`m`v Mglkski}kv" ]`m`v Gn{hgv




Us`lkvv`s: J`hx{gd Dhms{nh $ FKL ‖ ]gu` 3" iä|kb GG $ Fgmhmhigh k D{im` H}{hb ‖ 8º Hi` Uèngih 8;>

Hi}öig` Nkmkæ`




Us`lkvv`s: J`hx{gd Dhms{nh $ FKL ‖ ]gu` 3" iä|kb GG $ Fgmhmhigh k D{im` H}{hb ‖ 8º Hi` Uèngih 8;1

Shfgvd`

@ shfgvd` ç h }kimêifgh m` ukivhdki}` kd x{k vk mè nshimk gdu`s}ãifgh å i`îæ` mh kqgv}êifgh mk

shîhv a{dhihv mgv}gi}hv k v{uksg`skv {dhv åv `{}shv) @imk kqgv}k h fì|gfîæ` mk x{k hbn{iv gimg|äm{`v

k v{h skbhîæ` ki}sk fhshf}ksäv}gfhv lävgfhv akskmg}èsghv" k mk}ksdgihm`v }shî`v mk fhsèf}ks k gi}kbgnêifgh

`{ dhiglkv}hîûkv f{b}{shgv" væ` v{uksg`skv h `{}s`v) @ shfgvd` iæ` ç {dh }k`sgh fgki}älgfh" dhv {d

fìj{i}` mk ùgigûkv usç fìfkcgmhv ìmk h usgifguhb l{iîæ` ç |hb`sgzhs hv mglkskiîhv cg`böngfhv ki}sk

`v vkskv a{dhi`v" kd x{k hbn{iv hfskmg}hd vks v{uksg`skv h`v `{}s`v mk hf`sm` f`d v{h dh}sgz shfghb)H fskiîh mh kqgv}êifgh mk shîhv v{uksg`skv k gilksg`skv l`g {}gbgzhmh d{g}hv |kzkv uhsh j{v}glgfhs h

kvfsh|gmæ`" ` m`däig` mk mk}ksdgihm`v u`|`v u`s `{}s`v" k `v nki`fämg`v x{k `f`sskshd m{shi}k }`mh h

agv}ösgh mh a{dhigmhmk)Lì}k: ^goguçmgh

U`s `{}shv uhbh|shv:@ shfgvd` ç {dh fskiîh kd x{k d{g}hv ukvv`hv

hfskmg}hd x{k hv fhuhfgmhmkv a{dhihv væ`

mk}ksdgihmhv ukbh shîh `{ ukb` ns{u` ç}igf` f`d` ç `

fhv` m` u`|` fgnhi`) Ç kquskvvhm` v`csk h l`sdh mk

{dh hlgsdhîæ` mk v{uksg`sgmhmk mk {d ns{u` v`fghb

v`csk `{}s`) U`mk dhiglkv}hs$vk mk |èsghv dhikgshv"

vkim` hv dhgv f`d{iv h mgvfsgdgihîæ`" h |g`bêifgh k `

hc{v` |kschb)




Us`lkvv`s: J`hx{gd Dhms{nh $ FKL ‖ ]gu` 3" iä|kb GG $ Fgmhmhigh k D{im` H}{hb ‖ 8º Hi` Uèngih 8;7

F`d` v{sng{ ` shfgvd` 0

@ shfgvd` }kd `sgnkd ih f{b}{sh `fgmki}hb k kv}è bgnhm` åv fìfkîûkv

x{k hv ukvv`hv kbhc`sh|hd v`csk h ih}{skzh a{dhih) Kv}k lhf}` mh|h

`sgnkd å mkvfsgdgihîæ` m`v vkskv a{dhi`v" }kim` kd |gv}h h v{h

kqub`shîæ`)Kqgv}kd |èsg`v uksä`m`v mh agv}ösgh x{k i`v huì}hd uhsh ` lkiödki`

m` shfgvd`)

Ih gmhmk dçmgh h mkvfsgdgihîæ` ksh lkg}h f`d chvk ih f{b}{sh k ih

fìmgîæ` v`fghb" b`n` x{kd l`vvk dki`v vècg` `{ }g|kvvk dki`v

sgx{kzh ksh f`dubk}hdki}k mkvfsgdgihm`) Jè `v nskn`v u`s kqkdub`" vki}ghd$vk dhgv f{b}`v x{k `v

`{}s`v u`|`v)

@v i`cskv S`dhi`v }giahd usg|gbçng`v aksmhm`v `{ h}sgc{äm`v u`s skgv" ` x{k lhzgh f`d x{k a`{|kvvk

{dh gmkgh mk v{uksg`sgmhmk kd skbhîæ` h` u`|` s`dhi`

F`v}{dh$vk bgnhs ` shfgvd` å kvfsh|h}{sh" dhv kv}k lhf}` ç d{g}` skbh}g|` u`sx{k ih hi}gn{gmhmk }hi}`

{dh ukvv`h cshifh f`d` iknsh u`mgh vks |kimgmh f`d` kvfsh|h)

I{dh uksvuk}g|h dhgv h|hiîhmh ` shfgvd` f`dkîh h gi}kivglgfhs$vk) H shîh iknsh f`dkîh h vks

fìvgmkshmh h dhgv gilksg`s kix{hi}` h cshifh ç hvv{dgmh f`d` v{uksg`s) Mku`gv v{snk h gmkgh mk {dh

shîh ukslkg}h) H shîh hsghih)




Us`lkvv`s: J`hx{gd Dhms{nh $ FKL ‖ ]gu` 3" iä|kb GG $ Fgmhmhigh k D{im` H}{hb ‖ 8º Hi` Uèngih 8<5

Hm`bl Ag}bks" ` }kdä|kb mg}hm`s hbkdæ`" kvfsh|gz`{" mkvfsgdgi`{ k kq}ksdgi`{ hv shîhv x{k vkn{im` kbk

kshd lshfhv) Mkvmk J{mk{v" Èshckv" ikns`v" fgnhi`v" mklgfgki}kv `{ a`d`vvkq{hgv l`shd

f`dubk}hdki}k hsshvhm`v ukb` mgub`dh}h hbkdæ`)

Hm`bl Ag}bks l`g {d mg}hm`s hbkdæ`" x{k ihvfk{ kd 8117 ih È{v}sgh" lgba` mk Hb`gv Ag}bks k ObhshU`kzb) Ag}bks ih v{h gilãifgh }giah mglgf{bmhmkv kfìödgfhv" iæ` }ks fìvkn{gim` }ksdgihs ` bgfk{"

mk|gm` h kvvhv mglgf{bmhmkv)

Uhvvhm` hbn{d }kdu` fhimgmh}`{$vk å kvf`bh mk Ckbhv Hs}kv mk \gkih" ih x{hb iæ` l`g hfkg}k u`s hbknh

lhb}h mk }hbki}`)

Uksdhikfk{ ih fgmhmk mk \gkih h}ç 8786" |g|kim` hukihv m`v vk{v mkvkia`v k mh ukivæ` uhsh `v

öslæ`v) M{shi}k kv}kv hi`v Ag}bks" }`d`{ {d nshimk fìakfgdki}` bg}úsngf`" hfhchim` u`s fìakfks h

u`bä}gfh hi}gmkd`fsh}h)X{him` f`dkî`{ h 8ª N{kssh D{imghb" Ag}bks fhimgmh}`{$vk uhsh ` kqçsfg}` Cè|hs`v" i` x{hb fakn`{ h

vks fhc`) M{shi}k h n{kssh" skfkck{ |èsghv dkmhbahv mk|gm` å v{h csh|{sh k f`shnkd)

Mku`gv mh mkss`}h hbkdæ kd 8781" sknskvv`{ h D{igx{k" dhi}kim`$vk i` kqçsfg}` h}ç 8735) Kd 8787"

j{i}`{$vk h` Uhs}gm` Ihfgìhb V`fghb m`v ]shchbahm`skv Hbkdækv !Ihzg" kd hbkdæ`

Ih}gìhbv`zghbgv}gvfak Mk{}vfak Hsckg}ksuhs}k'" vkim` kd 8738 kbkg}` f`d` uskvgmki}k m` n`|ksi`

!L{asks'" fìvkn{gim` ikv}k d`dki}` }`dhs }`mhv hv mkfgvûkv m` uhs}gm` v`zgia`)

H uhs}gs mh mh}h kd x{k l`g kbkg}` f`d` uskvgmki}k m` uhs}gm` Ihzg" uhvv`{ h h}kss`sgzhs `v `{}s`vuhs}gm`v f`d hîûkv |g`bki}hv" fìvkn{gim` hvvgd mhs h fìakfks hv v{hv gmkghv ihfgìhbgv}hv k shfgv}hv)

Kv}hv gmkghv kshd hu`ghmhv u`s d{g}`v dgbg}hskv m` kqçsfg}` Cè|hs` k u`s hbn{iv gim{v}sghgv) Kd 8736 h

Hbkdhiah kv}h|h dksn{bahmh i{d fh`v us`l{im`" }kim` u`s gvv` Ag}bks `snhigzhm` {d n`buk mk





kv}hm`" }kim` ` x{hb lshfhvvhm`" u`gv iæ` }giah hu`g` m` kqçsfg}`) Ag}bks u`s vks ` faklk mkv}h

dhiglkv}hîæ`" l`g fìmkihm` h fgif` hi`v mk usgvæ`)

M{shi}k ` kv}k uksä`m` kvfsk|k{ ` vk{ lhd`v` mkvhchl` Dkgi Ohdul !H dgiah b{}h'" ih x{hb kbk fì}h

h v{h u`vgîæ` kd skbhîæ` å u`bä}gfh) Kd 8737 fì}gi{h|h ih dkvdh fsgvk" dhv h gs uhsh ug`s" u`gv `

mkvkduskn` v{cgh f`d` i{ifh)

Ikv}h hb}{sh Ag}bks |ê h v{h u`s}h i` d{im` u`bä}gf` h hcsgs$vk" k vkd kvukshs dhgv kbk }ki}h hcsgs h

u`s}h" lhzkim` usùhnhimh åv v{hv gmkghv uhsh hfhchs f`d h fsgvk" vkim` kbhv hv vkn{gi}kv:

$ Hi{bhîæ` m` ]sh}hm` mk \ksvhbakv?

$ Kbgdgihîæ` m`v J{mk{v?

$ Hi{bhîæ` mhv mä|gmhv m`v hnsgf{b}`skv)

Nshîhv h kv}hv dkmgmhv k hbn{dh skuskvvæ`" u`s uhs}k m` uhs}gm` Ihzg" kv}k nhia`{ d{g}`v hu`ghi}kv k

u`s v{h |kz |`}`v" l`g {d hi` mk fskvfgdki}` i` uhs}gm`)

Kd 8763" mk|gm` h }hi}h gi}gdgmhîæ` k lsh{mk ` uhs}gm` Ihzg" fìvkn{k nhiahs hv kbkgîûkv k Ag}bks

uhvvh h }ks ` fhsn` mk fahifkbks hbkdæ`) Kd 8766 væ` fsghm`v `v usgdkgs`v fhdu`v mk fìfki}shîæ`"

ìmk vk kifì}sh|hd j{mk{v `{ x{hbx{ks `{}sh shîh" k}igh" `{ dkvd` mklgfgki}kv k a`d`vvkq{hgv)

I`v hi`v vkn{gi}kv Ag}bks hfhc`{ f`d `v uhs}gm`v mh ù`vgîæ` uhsh `v }æ` }kdgm`v fhdu`v mk

fìfki}shîæ`)F`d }hi}h |g`bêifgh" `v hbkdækv f`dkîhshd h hu`ghs Ag}bks" u`gv }giahd dkm` mk gskd

uhshs h`v fhdu`v mk fìfki}shîæ`)





Kd 876=" ` uskvgmki}k hbkdæ`" Agimkic{sn" d`ssk k Ag}bks uhvvh h hvv{dgs `v m`gv fhsn`v" mk

fahifkbks k uskvgmki}k" `{ vkjh uhvvh h }ks }`m` ` u`mks mh Hbkdhiah)

Kd 8761" j{i}h h È{v}sgh å Hbkdhiah k gi|hmk h Fakf`vb`|èx{gh) Kd 8767 gi|hmk h U`böigh" f`d `

`cjk}g|` h mk j{i}hs å Hbkdhiah" vkim` ikv}k uskfgv` d`dki}` x{k vk gigfgh h 3ª N{kssh D{imghb" ih

x{hb gsæ` uksmks h |gmh ;5 dgbaûkv mk ukvv`hv)

Mku`gv mk }hi}hv d`s}kv faknh h |kz mk kbk

usöusg` d`ssks" dhv ikv}k fhv` igin{çd `dh}h? kbk v{gfgmh$vk kd 87=;" Cksbgd)

@ shfgvd` k `v mgskg}`v a{dhi`v

H mkfbhshîæ` m` mgskg}` m` a`dkd" fìvhnsh h gmkgh mk gn{hbmhmk mk }`m`v `v

vkskv a{dhi`v gimkukimki}kdki}k mh v{h shîh) Skbgngæ`" ihfgìhbgmhmk" gmhmk

`{ vkq`) D{g}`v uhävkv jè `ckmkfkd h kv}kv usgifäug`v" ` x{k iæ` x{ks mgzks

x{k }`m`v ` skvukg}kd) A`jk kd mgh ` vks a{dhi`" hgimh ç d{g}`mgvfsgdgihm`) U`sx{k0 Hv shzûkv væ` mgläfkgv mk kqubgfhs dhv l{imhdki}hd$

vk ih gmkgh mk ukvv`hv }kskd aècg}`v mk |gmh mglkski}kv k {dh f{b}{sh

mglkski}k {iv m`v `{}s`v) @ dkba`s kqkdub` mkv}h vg}{hîæ` ç mhm` ukb`v

Kv}hm`v [igm`v mh Hdçsgfh" ìmk hukihv i`v hi`v <5 m` vçf{b` QQ" hfhchshd hv mglkskiîhv v`fghgv k

bknhgv mk mgskg}`v ki}sk ikns`v k cshif`v" ` x{k iæ` gdukmg{ x{k hv mkvgn{hbmhmkv fì}gi{hvvkd)

Skfki}kdki}k Chshfo @chdh l`g kbkg}` ` i`|` uskvgmki}k m` uhäv) [d Hls` ‖ Hdksgfhi` h fìm{zgs `

‒Vìa` hdksgfhi`—( Vksè x{k ` shfgvd` |hg fìakfks i`|hv uksvuk}g|hv0 \kskd`v i` l{}{s`)





Qki`l`cgh

H qki`l`cgh ç {d dkm` kqfkvvg|`" mkvfì}s`bhm` k kqhnkshm` kd skbhîæ` h ukvv`hv kv}shiahv" f`d hv

x{hgv iöv ahcg}{hbdki}k iæ` fì}hf}hd`v) @ dkm` ç {dh skvu`v}h i`sdhb h` uksgn` `{ hdkhîh) H

gi}kivgmhmk mkvvh skvu`v}h |hsgh mk hf`sm` f`d hv mglkski}kv vg}{hîûkv k hv mglkski}kv ukvv`hv) Kv}h

m`kiîh gifb{gs$vk i` ns{u` mhv uks}{schîûkv löcgfhv k ç fìvgmkshmh {dh l`cgh kvukfälgfh) Kv}hv l`cghv

væ` fhshf}ksgzhmhv u`s hivgkmhmk us`|`fhmh ukbh kqu`vgîæ` h {dh vg}{hîæ` `{ `cjk}` }kdgm`" x{k

lskx{ki}kdki}k fìm{z h {d f`du`s}hdki}` mk k|g}hdki}`) Hv ukvv`hv x{k huskvki}hd kv}k dkm`

uksvgv}ki}k" gsshfgìhb" kqfkvvg|` k skfìakfgm` f`d` }hb" }kimkd h k|g}hs ` fì}hf}` f`d kv}shia`v

{dh |kz x{k kv}h vg}{hîæ` bakv us`|`fh kq}skdh hin{v}gh" hivgkmhmk" h{dki}` mh }kivæ` hs}ksghb k mh

lskx{êifgh fhsmähfh) I`v fhv`v dhgv nsh|kv u`mkd" gifb{vg|k" }ks {d h}hx{k mk uãigf`) @ k|g}hdki}`"hi}kfguhîæ` hivg`vh `{ dhb$kv}hs kd skbhîæ` å vg}{hîæ` }kdgmh" gi}kslksk vgniglgfh}g|hdki}k f`d hv

s`}gihv i`sdhgv mh ukvv`h" l{ifgìhdki}` `f{uhfgìhb" skbhfgìhdki}`v k h}g|gmhmkv v`fghgv

mkvki|`b|gmhv)




Us`lkvv`s: J`hx{gd Dhms{nh $ FKL ‖ ]gu` 3" iä|kb GG $ Fgmhmhigh k D{im` H}{hb ‖ 8º Hi` Uèngih 8<=

Mgvfsgdgihîæ` shfghb

@ x{k vk ki}kimk u`s mgvfsgdgihîæ` shfghb0

Ki}kimk$vk u`s mgvfsgdgihîæ` shfghb x{hbx{ks mgv}giîæ`" kqfb{væ`" skv}sgîæ` `{ usklksêifgh kd l{iîæ`mh shîh" f`s" hvfkimêifgh" `sgnkd ihfgìhb `{ ç}igfh" x{k }kiah u`s `cjk}g|` `{ us`m{zh f`d`

skv{b}hm` h hi{bhîæ` `{ skv}sgîæ` m` skfìakfgdki}`" ls{gîæ` `{ kqksfäfg`" kd fìmgîûkv mk gn{hbmhmk"

mk mgskg}`v" bgcksmhmkv k nhshi}ghv `{ mk mgskg}`v kfìödgf`v" v`fghgv k f{b}{shgv)

‒H mgvfsgdgihîæ` ki}sk vkskv a{dhi`v f`d chvk kd shîh" f`s `{ `sgnkd ç}igfh ç {dh `lkivh å

mgnigmhmk a{dhih k vksè fìmkihmh f`d` {dh iknhîæ` m`v usgifäug`v mh Fhs}h mhv Ihîûkv [igmhv"

f`d` {dh |g`bhîæ` m`v mgskg}`v a{dhi`v k bgcksmhmkv l{imhdki}hgv us`fbhdhm`v ih Mkfbhshîæ`

[ig|ksvhb mk Mgskg}`v A{dhi`v" f`d` {d `cv}èf{b` uhsh skbhîûkv hdgnè|kgv k uhfälgfhv ki}sk hv

ihîûkv" k f`d` {d lh}` fhuhz mk uks}{schs h uhz k h vkn{shiîh ki}sk `v u`|`v)—

! Mkfbhshîæ` v`csk h kbgdgihîæ` mk }`mhv hv l`sdhv mk mgvfsgdgihîæ` shfghb" @I[" 87<6)'

H}{hbdki}k ` Mgh Gi}ksihfgìhb Fì}sh h Mgvfsgdgihîæ` Shfghb ç f`dkd`shm` }`m`v `v hi`v) H

mh}h l`g giv}g}{ämh ukbh @I[ mk|gm` h` Dhvvhfsk mk Vahsuk|gbbk" `f`ssgm` ih fgmhmk mk dkvd` i`dk"

ih Èlsgfh m` V{b" kd 87<5) Kvvk dhvvhfsk `f`ssk{ ih fgmhmk mk Vahsuk|gbbk" ih us`|äifgh mk Nh{}kin"ih Èlsgfh m` V{b" {d us`}kv}`" skhbgzhm` ukb` Fìnskvv` Uhi$Hlsgfhi` !UHF') @ us`}kv}` usknh|h

fì}sh h Bkg m` Uhvvk" x{k `csgnh|h `v ikns`v mh Èlsgfh m` V{b h {vhskd {d fhs}æ`" i` x{hb kv}h|h

kvfsg}` h ìmk kbkv u`mghd k mk|ghd gs) Fksfh mk fgif` dgb dhiglkv}hi}kv sk{igshd$vk kd Vahsuk|gbbk"

{dh fgmhmk iknsh i`v hsskm`skv mk Jàhiikvc{sn" k dhsfahshd fhbdhdki}k" i{d us`}kv}` uhfälgf`) H

u`bäfgh v{b$hlsgfhih fì}k|k ` us`}kv}` f`d shjhmhv mk dk}shbahm`sh) D`sskshd <7 ikns`v" k fksfh mk

815 lgfhshd lksgm`v) Huöv kvvk mgh" h ùgigæ` uúcbgfh d{imghb l`f`{ v{h h}kiîæ` ukbh usgdkgsh |kz ih

x{kv}æ` m` Huhs}akgm" k h`v a`ss`skv x{k kv}h|hd vkim` skhbgzhm`v ih Èlsgfh m` V{b" i` mgh 38 mk




Us`lkvv`s: J`hx{gd Dhms{nh $ FKL ‖ ]gu` 3" iä|kb GG $ Fgmhmhigh k D{im` H}{hb ‖ 8º Hi` Uèngih 8<;

I`|kdcs` mk 87<7" h @I[ gdubkdki}`{ ` Mgh Gi}ksihfgìhb Fì}sh h Mgvfsgdgihîæ` Shfghb" x{k

uhvv`{ h vks f`dkd`shm` }`m` mgh 38 mk Dhsî`)

#Igin{çd ihvfk `mghim` `{}sh ukvv`h ukbh f`s mk v{h ukbk" `{ u`s v{h `sgnkd" `{ v{h skbgngæ`)

Uhsh `mghs" hv ukvv`hv uskfgvhd huskimks" k vk kbhv u`mkd huskimks h `mghs" u`mkd vkskivgihmhv h hdhs" u`gv ` hd`s faknh dhgv ih}{shbdki}k h` f`shîæ` a{dhi` m` x{k ` ù`v}`) H

cìmhmk ½ a{dhih ç {dh fahdh x{k u`mk vks `f{b}h" jhdhgv kq}gi}h)#

Ikbvì Dhimkbh

FHV@ SKHB:

Kv}h fkih hfì}kfk{ i{d |`` mh Csg}gva Hgs~hwv ki}sk Jàhiikvc{sn` !Èlsgfh m` V{b' k

Bìmskv)

[dh d{baks !cshifh'" mk hus`qgdhmhdki}k ;5 hi`v" fakn`{ h` vk{ b{nhs kd fbhvvk kfìödgfh k |g{

x{k kv}h|h h` bhm` mk {d uhvvhnkgs` ikns`)

\gvg|kbdki}k uks}{schmh" fahd`{ h f`dgvvèsgh mk c`sm`)#X{hb ` us`cbkdh" vkia`sh#0 $ uksn{i}`{ h f`dgvvèsgh)

#Iæ` kv}è h |ks0 $ skvuìmk{ h vkia`sh $ #|`fêv f`b`fhshd$dk h` bhm` mk {d ikns`) Iæ` u`vv` lgfhs

hx{g) ]kd mk dk mhs `{}s` b{nhs(#)

#U`s lh|`s" hfhbdk$vk— $ mgvvk h a`vukmkgsh $ #gilkbgzdki}k" }`m`v `v b{nhskv kv}æ` `f{uhm`v)

U`sçd" |`{ |ks vk hgimh }kd`v hbn{d mgvuìä|kb#)

H f`dgvvèsgh hlhv}h$vk k |`b}h hbn{iv dgi{}`v mku`gv)

#Vkia`sh" f`d` k{ mgvvk" iæ` aè ikia{d `{}s` b{nhs bg|sk kd fbhvvk kfìödgfh) Lhbkg f`d `f`dhimhi}k k kbk fìlgsd`{ x{k iæ` }kd`v dhgv ikia{d b{nhs) ]kd`v hukihv {d b{nhs ih usgdkgsh

fbhvvk#)

K" hi}kv x{k h d{baks lgzkvvk hbn{d f`dki}èsg`" h f`dgvvèsgh fì}gi{h:

#\kjh" ç gif`d{d x{k h i`vvh f`duhiagh uksdg}h x{k {d uhvvhnkgs` mh fbhvvk kfìödgfh vk vki}k ih

usgdkgsh fbhvvk) U`sçd" }kim` kd |gv}h hv fgsf{iv}ãifghv" ` f`dhimhi}k ukivh x{k vksgh kvfhimhb`v`

`csgnhs {d uhvvhnkgs` h |ghjhs h` bhm` mk {dh ukvv`h mkvhnshmè|kb#)

K" mgsgngim`$vk h` vkia`s ikns`" h f`dgvvèsgh us`vvkn{g{: #U`s}hi}`" vkia`s" fhv` x{kgsh" u`s lh|`s"ukn{k ih v{h chnhnkd mk dæ`" u`gv skvks|hd`v uhsh vg {d b{nhs ih usgdkgsh fbhvvk)))#




Us`lkvv`s: J`hx{gd Dhms{nh $ FKL ‖ ]gu` 3" iä|kb GG $ Fgmhmhigh k D{im` H}{hb ‖ 8º Hi` Uèngih 8<<

K ]@M@V @V UHVVHNKGS@V USÖQGD@V" X[K" KV][UKLHF]@V" HVVGV]GHD Å FKIH"

F@DKÎHSHD H HUBH[MGS" HBN[IV MK UÇ(

@ HI@ K[S@UK[ MH GN[HBMHMK MK @U@S][IGMHMKV UHSH ]@M@V !HKG@]'

@ Hi` K{sùk{ uhsh h Gn{hbmhmk mk @u`s}{igmhmkv uhsh ]`m`v 355> usk}kimk" f`d` `cjk}g|` nkshb"vkivgcgbgzhs h uù{bhîæ` uhsh `v ckikläfg`v mk {dh v`fgkmhmk dhgv j{v}h k v`bgmèsgh" h}sh|çv mh

us`d`îæ` mh gn{hbmhmk k mh iæ` mgvfsgdgihîæ`)

US@D@\KS [DH KLK]G\H GN[HBMHMK MK @U@S][IGMHMKV

@ Hi` K{sùk{ mh Gn{hbmhmk mk @u`s}{igmhmkv uhsh ]`m`v ç {dh ù`s}{igmhmk äduhs"

uhsh us`d`|ks h mgdkivæ` mh mg|ksvgmhmk a{dhih k ` skvukg}` ukb`v mgskg}`v l{imhdki}hgv mk }`m`v `vfgmhmæ`v gimkukimki}kdki}k m` vkq`" `sgnkd ç}igfh `{ shfghb"

skbgngæ` `{ fskiîh" mklgfgêifgh" gmhmk `{ `sgki}hîæ` vkq{hb) I` fhv` kvukfälgf` mh mgvfsgdgihîæ` x{k `v

fgmhmæ`v kilski}hd kd shzæ` mh Mklgfgêifgh" ` Hi` K{sùk{ fsgh$i`v" {dh |kz dhgv" i`|hv

ù`s}{igmhmkv) Kv}è bhiîhm` ` mkvhlg` uhsh x{k" kd fìj{i}`" skl`sfkd`v h hubgfhîæ` mhv dkmgmhv

bkngvbh}g|hv x{k nhshi}kd `v vk{v mgskg}`v k h v{h gi}knshîæ`)

@V K[S@UK[V K HV MGVFSGDGIHÎÛKV

Vkn{im` ` gix{çsg}`" skhbgzhm` uhsh uskuhshs ` Hi` K{sùk{" dhgv mk dk}hmk m`v K{sùk{v !;8+'

ukivhd x{k iæ` vk kv}è h lhzks ` v{lgfgki}k uhsh f`dch}ks h mgvfsgdgihîæ` i`v skvuk}g|`v uhävkv) [dh

nshimk dhg`sgh m`v gix{gsgm`v ç mh ùgigæ` x{k h mgvfsgdgihîæ` ç d{g}` f`d{d !<=+') Kd nkshb" `v

skv{b}hm`v fìlgsdhd x{k `v k{sùk{v kv}æ` usì}`v uhsh h d{mhiîh" f`d {dh hdubh dhg`sgh h lh|`s

mh hm`îæ` mk dkmgmhv mkv}gihmhv h us`d`|ks h gn{hbmhmk mk ù`s}{igmhmkv uhsh }`m`v `v m`däig`v m`

kduskn`)




Us`lkvv`s: J`hx{gd Dhms{nh $ FKL ‖ ]gu` 3" iä|kb GG $ Fgmhmhigh k D{im` H}{hb ‖ 8º Hi` Uèngih 8<>

X{hgv væ` hv usè}gfhv fìvgmkshmhv mgvfsgdgih}ösghv0

Fìvgmkshd$vk usè}gfhv mgvfsgdgih}ösghv hv hîûkv `{ `dgvvûkv x{k" kd shzæ` mh uks}kiîh mk x{hbx{ks

ukvv`h h mk}ksdgihmh shîh" f`s" ihfgìhbgmhmk `{ `sgnkd ç}igfh" |g`bkd ` usgifgug` mh gn{hbmhmk"

mkvgnihmhdki}k:

h' H hm`îæ` mk us`fkmgdki}`" dkmgmh `{ fsg}çsg`" mgsk}hdki}k ukbh ki}gmhmk kdusknhm`sh `{ h}sh|çv

mk giv}s{îûkv mhmhv h`v vk{v }shchbahm`skv `{ h hnêifgh mk kduskn`" x{k v{c`smgik h lh}`skv mk

ih}{skzh shfghb h `lks}h mk kduskn`" h fkvvhîæ` mk fì}sh}` mk }shchba` `{ h skf{vh mk fì}sh}hîæ`?

c' H us`m{îæ` `{ mgl{væ` mk hiúifg`v mk `lks}hv mk kduskn`" `{ `{}shv l`sdhv mk u{cbgfgmhmk bgnhmh å

usç$vkbkîæ` `{ h` skfs{}hdki}`" x{k fì}kiahd" mgsk}h `{ gimgsk}hdki}k" x{hbx{ks kvukfglgfhîæ` `{usklksêifgh chvkhmh kd lh}`skv mk mgvfsgdgihîæ` shfghb?

f' H skf{vh mk l`sikfgdki}` `{ gdukmgdki}` mk ls{gîæ` mk ckiv `{ vks|gî`v" u`s uhs}k mk x{hbx{ks

ukvv`h vgin{bhs `{ f`bk}g|h?

m' @ gdukmgdki}` `{ bgdg}hîæ` h` hfkvv` k kqksfäfg` i`sdhb mk {dh h}g|gmhmk kfìödgfh u`s x{hbx{ks

ukvv`h vgin{bhs `{ f`bk}g|h?

k' H skf{vh `{ fìmgfgìhdki}` mk |kimh" hsskimhdki}` `{ v{chsskimhdki}` mk gdö|kgv?

l' H skf{vh mk hfkvv` h b`fhgv uúcbgf`v `{ hcks}`v h` uúcbgf`"

n' H skf{vh `{ bgdg}hîæ` mk hfkvv` h`v f{gmhm`v mk vhúmk uskv}hm`v kd kv}hckbkfgdki}`v mk vhúmk

uúcbgf`v `{ usg|hm`v?

a' H skf{vh `{ bgdg}hîæ` mk hfkvv` h kv}hckbkfgdki}` mk kivgi` uúcbgf` `{ usg|hm`?

g' H fìv}g}{gîæ` mk }{sdhv `{ h hm`îæ` mk `{}shv dkmgmhv mk `snhigzhîæ` gi}ksih i`v

kv}hckbkfgdki}`v mk kivgi` uúcbgf` `{ usg|hm`" vkn{im` fsg}çsg`v mk mgvfsgdgihîæ` shfghb" vhb|` vk

}hgv fsg}çsg`v l`skd j{v}glgfhm`v ukb`v `cjk}g|`v sklksgm`v ih bkg?

j' H hm`îæ` mk usè}gfh `{ dkmgmh u`s uhs}k mk x{hbx{ks ösnæ`" l{ifgìèsg̀ `{ hnki}k mh hmdgigv}shîæ`

mgsk}h `{ gimgsk}h m` Kv}hm`" mhv Skngûkv H{}öi`dhv `{ mhv h{}hsx{ghv b`fhgv" x{k fìmgfgìk `{

bgdg}k h usè}gfh m` kqksfäfg` mk x{hbx{ks mgskg}`?





b' H hm`îæ` u`s ki}gmhmk kdusknhm`sh mk usè}gfh x{k i` ãdcg}` mh skbhîæ` bhc`shb mgvfsgdgik {d

}shchbahm`s h` vk{ vks|gî`?

d' H hm`îæ` mk h}` kd x{k" u{cbgfhdki}k `{ f`d gi}kiîæ` mk hdubh mg|{bnhîæ`" ukvv`h vgin{bhs `{

f`bk}g|h kdg}h {dh mkfbhshîæ` `{ }shivdg}h {dh gil`sdhîæ` kd |gs}{mk mh x{hb {d ns{u` mk

ukvv`hv vkjh hdkhîhm`" giv{b}hm` `{ h|gb}hm` u`s d`}g|`v mk mgvfsgdgihîæ` shfghb)

Ç us`gcgm` mkvukmgs" hubgfhs vhiîûkv `{ uskj{mgfhs u`s x{hbx{ks `{}s` dkg` ` }shchbahm`s u`s d`}g|`

m` kqksfäfg` mk mgskg}` `{ mk hîæ` j{mgfghb fì}sh usè}gfh mgvfsgdgih}ösgh)

@ Huhs}akgm ih Èlsgfh m` V{b

Jè `{|gv}k lhbhs kd Huhs}akgm0

Vhckv ` x{k vgniglgfh0

#@ huhs}akgm l`g {d m`v skngdkv mk mgvfsgdgihîæ` dhgv fs{çgv mk x{k vk }kd i`}äfgh i` d{im`) Kbk

|gn`s`{ ih Èlsgfh m` V{b mk 87=1 h}ç 8775 k m{shi}k }`m` kvvk }kdu` kv}k|k bgnhm` å u`bä}gfh m` uhäv)

H hi}gnh Fìv}g}{gîæ` v{b$hlsgfhih gifb{äh hs}gn`v ìmk ksh fbhsh h mgvfsgdgihîæ` shfghb ki}sk `v

fgmhmæ`v" dkvd` `v ikns`v vkim` dhg`sgh ih uù{bhîæ`)

Ginbkvkv k hlsgfãimksv" uhsh dgigdgzhs h gilksg`sgmhmk i{dçsgfh" lkfahshd kd 8788 ` usgdkgs` hf`sm`

uhsh h hus`|hîæ` mk bkgv vknsknhfgìgv}hv fì}sh h uù{bhîæ` iknsh) H u`bä}gfh mk vknsknhîæ` shfghb

vksgh `lgfghbgzhmh kd 87=1" f`d h faknhmh h` u`mks m` Uhs}gm` Ihfgìhb) @ fhimgmh}` Mhigkb Dhbhi"

vgduh}gzhi}k mh gmk`b`ngh ihzgv}h" kbknk{$vk {vhim` ih fhduhiah h uhbh|sh #huhs}akgm." x{k kd

hlsgfãiks vgniglgfh vkuhshîæ`)





Huhs}akgm" ‒|gmh vkuhshmh—" ç {dh uhbh|sh mk `sgnkd hlsgfhih hm`}hmh bknhbdki}k kd 87=1 ih Èlsgfhm` V{b) L`g {d m`v skngdkv dhgv fs{çgv x{k jè kqgv}g{) ]k|k `sgnkd i` gigfg` m` vçf) Q\GG" hb}{sh kd

x{k d{g}`v uhävkv f`bìgzhshd h Èlsgfh" f`d` h A`bhimh" h Lshiîh k h Hbkdhiah) Kv}kv x{ksghd fsghs

{dh shîh ukslkg}h" vö mk cshif`v) Hfah|hd x{k l`shd kvf`bagm`v u`s Mk{v" mkv}h l`sdh u{vkshd kd

usè}gfh ih Èlsgfh m` V{b h vkuhshîæ` mk ikns`v k cshif`v)

@ Huhs}akgm sklbk}gh$vk ih ahcg}hîæ`" i` kduskn`" i`v vks|gî`v uúcbgf`v…" u`gv `v ikns`v iæ` u`mghd

vks usùsgk}èsg`v mk }ksshv" kshd kqfb{äm`v m` n`|ksi` ihfgìhb k mk mg|ksv`v kduskn`v !i`sdhbdki}k

}shchbah|hd ihv dgihv k kshd kdusknhm`v vkd mgskg}`v m`v cshif`v') Kshd `csgnhm`v h |g|ks kdzìhv skvgmkifghgv vkuhshmhv mhv m`v cshif`v" v`cskb`}hmhv k vkd ` däigd` mk fìmgîûkv"

i`dkhmhdki}k lhb}h mk kbk}sgfgmhmk" vhikhdki}` k èn{h u`}è|kb)

Hv usùsgkmhmkv m`v ikns`v l`shd$bakv

fìlgvfhmhv)

Ih vhúmk" h mgvfsgdgihîæ` }hdcçd vk vki}gh:

a`vug}hgv uhsh cshif`v" ckd kx{guhm`v k vkd lhb}hmk dçmgf`v k kilksdkgs`v) A`vug}hgv uhsh ikns`v

dhb kx{guhm`v k f`d lhb}h mk ukvv`hb) [dh

hdc{bãifgh cshifh iæ` bk|hsgh {d ikns`)

H km{fhîæ` mk fhmh fsghiîh iknsh f{v}h|h h`

kv}hm` hukihv 8/85 mk fhmh fsghiîh cshifh) Hv

u`{fhv {ig|ksvgmhmkv mk hb}h x{hbgmhmk kshd

skvks|hmhv h`v cshif`v) !Ki}shmh mk {d D{vk{: u`s}hv uhsh cshif`vk u`s}hv uhsh ikns`v'




Us`lkvv`s: J`hx{gd Dhms{nh $ FKL ‖ ]gu` 3" iä|kb GG $ Fgmhmhigh k D{im` H}{hb ‖ 8º Hi` Uèngih 8>5

Hv bkgv kshd ckd dhgv sgn`s`vhv uhsh `v ikns`v" h }ä}{b` mk kqkdub`: ` vkq` gi}ks$shfghb ksh us`gcgm`" `

ikns` x{k |g`bhvvk {dh cshifh lgfh|h v{jkg}` å ukih mk d`s}k" dhv {d cshif` x{k |g`bhvvk {dh iknsh

uhnh|h {dh d{b}h `{ ikd gvv`)

Uhsh b{}hs fì}sh kvvhv gij{v}gîhv `v ikns`v {igshd$vk k fsghshd ` Fìnskvv` Ihfgìhb Hlsgfhi` ‖FIH" {dh `snhigzhîæ` fbhimkv}gih" f{j` bämks l`g Ikbvì Dhimkbh" x{k fakn`{ h vks uskv`" kd 87<3 k

fìmkihm` å usgvæ` uksuç}{h huöv ` FIH }ks ù}hm` ukbh b{}h hsdhmh mku`gv mk {d nshimk dhvvhfsk

kd Vahsuk|gbbk) Kd 87>6 h Hvvkdcbkgh Nkshb mh @I[ !@snhigzhîæ` mhv Ihîûkv [igmhv' fìmki`{ hv

h}g}{mkv x{k `f`sskshd ih Èlsgfh m` V{b k fbhvvglgf`{$hv f`d` fsgdk)

Ih mçfhmh mk 15" Lskmksgo mk Obkso fakn`{ h uskvgmki}k) Kd 3 mk Lk|kskgs` mk 8775" ih hcks}{sh m`

Uhsbhdki}`" mk Obkso mkfbhs`{ x{k ` Huhs}akgm ah|gh lshfhvvhm` k x{k hv us`gcgîûkv h`v uhs}gm`v u`s

uhs}k m`v ikns`v k }hdcçd ` kdchsn` kfìödgf` gdubhi}hm` ukb` n`|ksi` I`s}k$hdksgfhi` kd 871<

l`shd mkfgvg|`v uhsh h hc`bgîæ` m` Huhs}akgm) Ikbvì Dhimkbh l`g bgcks}hm` dhv h kq}giîæ` mhx{kbk

skngdk vö `f`ssk{ skhbdki}k x{him` Ikbvì Dhimkbh hbfhiî`{ h uskvgmêifgh" huöv kbkgîûkv kd x{k

ukbh usgdkgsh |kz `v ikns`v |`}hshd)

!Kv}h ubhfh ç chv}hi}k kb{fgmh}g|h mkv}k skngdk) Ikbh u`mk$vk bks {d h|gv` uhsh }`m`v `v ih}g|`v" äimg`v

`{ dkv}gî`v) Kbkv væ` h|gvhm`v x{k" vk ki}shskd ikv}hv giv}hbhîûkv m{shi}k h i`g}k" vksæ` hb|kjhm`v u`s

n{hsmhv k u`v}ksg`sdki}k mk|`shm`v u`s fækv" `{ vkjh" vksæ` mhm`v f`d` mkvhuhskfgm`v) Kv}h ç {dh mhv

d{g}hv ubhfhv mk vgihbgzhîæ` mk uksgn` mkv}gihmhv h }`mhv hv ukvv`hv x{k iæ` l`vvkd mk ‒shîh cshifh—')





DHS]GI B[]AKS OGIN

X{kd v`d`v iöv0 V`d`v mkvfkimki}kv mk kvfsh|`v) V`d`v h us`bk mk a`dkiv k d{bakskv mgni`v

x{k l`shd hsshifhm`v mk vk{v bhskv k hf`sski}hm`v kd ih|g`v f`d` higdhgv) V`d`v `v aksmkgs`v

mk {d nshimk k kqub`shm` fì}giki}k fìakfgm` f`d` Èlsgfh) V`d`v `v aksmkgs`v mk {d uhvvhm`

mk a{dgbahîæ`" l`n` k hvvhvvgih}`)

K{ ukvv`hbdki}k iæ` dk ki|ksnìa` mkvvk uhvvhm`) Ki|ksnìa`$dk" vgd" mhx{kbkv x{k vk

}`sihshd mkv{dhi`v h uì}` mk }`s}{shs$i`v mkvvk d`m`)

!Dhs}gi B{}aks Ogin')

@v Kv}hm`v [igm`v" }kssh mh bgcksmhmk" huskn`hm` h`v x{h}s` fhi}`v m` d{im` f`d` ` uhäv mhv

ù`s}{igmhmkv" mklkiv`s mh mkd`fshfgh k m`v mgskg}`v gimg|gm{hgv }kd ih v{h agv}ösgh {dh }kssä|kb

agv}ösgh mk m`s k v`lsgdki}` skbhfgìhmh å v{h f`d{igmhmk iknsh) Mkvmk h bgcks}hîæ` m` uhäv m` j{n`

f`bìghb ginbêv" i` lgihb m` vçf{b` Q\GGG" i{d m`v dhgv fçbkcskv d`dki}`v mk b{}h ukbh gimkukimêifgh

mk x{k vk }kd i`}äfgh i` d{im`" h uè}sgh mk Nk`snk ^hvagin}ì |g{$vk mg|gmgmh ki}sk m`gv u`b`v

x{hi}` å x{kv}æ` shfghb: ah|gh hx{kbkv x{k hduhsh|hd ` vknsknhfgìgvd` k d{g}`v `{}s`v x{k vk

gimgnih|hd f`d ` shfgvd`)

@v shfgv}hv kvfìmghd$vk mkchgq` mk bkiîögv k hvvhvvgih|hd f`|hsmkdki}k h fsghiîhv" hm{b}`v k gm`v`v

ikns`v vgdubkvdki}k kd |gs}{mk mk v{hv `sgnkiv ç}igfhv k shfghgv)

Fhvhv kshd x{kgdhmhv" ukvv`hv kshd hscg}shsghdki}k uskvhv k kvuhifhmhv" sk{igûkv mk

ikns`v kshd us`gcgmhv k mgvuksvhmhv f`d cs{}hbgmhmk)

Mgzkd x{k hbn{iv mk iöv v`d`v hng}hm`skv))) K{ kv}`{ hx{g u`sx{k hd` `v cshif`v)

Kix{hi}` `v ikns`v iæ` l`skd bg|skv" `v cshif`v iæ` vksæ` bg|skv))) K{ kv}`{ hx{g u`sx{k hd`

` dk{ uhäv) \`{ |g|ks hx{g i`v Kv}hm`v [igm`v ukb` skv}` mk dgiah |gmh)

Iæ` v`{ {d l`shv}kgs`) X{hbx{ks ukvv`h x{k |g|k i`v Kv}hm`v [igm`v iæ` ç {d l`shv}kgs` i`v

Kv}hm`v [igm`v)

!Dhs}gi B{}aks Ogin'

H B{}h mk Dhs}gi B{}aks Ogin

Dhs}gi B{}aks Ogin ihvfk{ h 8; mk Jhikgs` mk 8737 i`v Kv}hm`v [igm`v mh Hdçsgfh) B{}aks Ogin" ih

v{h gilãifgh k hm`bkvfêifgh ksh {d c`d hb{i`" }kim` bgfkifghm` kd ]k`b`ngh ih Ukivgb|ãigh" kd 87;8"





}kim` mku`gv vkn{gm` uhsh h {ig|ksvgmhmk mk C`v}ì uhsh lhzks ` vk{ m`{}`shdki}`" ` x{hb hfhc`{ kd

87;;)

Ikv}h çu`fh `v ikns`v kshd mgvfsgdgihm`v" faknhim` h |g|ks kd chgss`v mglkski}kv m`v cshif`v k h iæ`

u{mkskd himhs i`v dkvd`v }shivu`s}kv m`v cshif`v) Mk|gm` h kv}h mgvfsgdgihîæ`" S`vh Uhsov" vkia`sh

uks}kifki}k å uhsöx{gh ìmk Dhs}gi B{}aks Ogin l`g dgigv}s` ch}gv}h" l`g uskvh u`s iæ` }ks fkmgm` ` vk{

b{nhs i` h{}`fhss` h {d cshif`) L`g ikv}k d`dki}` x{k v{sngshd nshimkv us`}kv}`v mh f`d{igmhmk

hls`$hdksgfhih" faknhim` kv}h h skf{vhs$vk h {}gbgzhs `v }shivu`s}kv uúcbgf`v kix{hi}` kv}h

mgvfsgdgihîæ` fì}gi{hvvk" Dhs}gi f`d` x{hbx{ks `{}s` ikns` j{i}`{$vk h kv}kv us`}kv}`v faknhim` hvks kbk dkvd` h f`dhimhs `v us`}kv}`v) Uhvvhm` {d hi` ` v{uskd` }sgc{ihb Hdksgfhi`" mkfbhsh

gifìv}g}{fgìhb x{k i`v }shivu`s}kv uúcbgf`v kqgv}gvvk vknsknhîæ`) Vkim` hx{g k ikv}k d`dki}` x{k

f`dkîh h nshimk |ghnkd mk Dhs}gi B{}aks Ogin" }kim` kv}h f`dkîhmh d{g}` ckd f`d {dh |g}ösgh uhsh

h f`d{igmhmk iknsh) Kd 87;1 Dhs}gi B{}aks Ogin v`csk|g|k h {d h}ki}hm` kd I`|h G`sx{k)





Kd 87<5 d{mh$vk uhsh H}bhi}h" uhsh }shchbahs h }kdu` gi}kgs` ih V`{}aksi Fasgv}ghi Bkhmks$vagu

Fìlkskifk" h x{hb l`g hj{mhmh h l{imhs u`s Dhs}gi) Hx{g kbk lhzgh |èsghv dhiglkv}hîûkv kd us`b mh

bgcksmhmk" vkim` u`s fh{vh mgvv` x{k Dhs}gi B{}aks Ogin l`g uskv` |èsghv |kzkv) Kd 87<6 Dhs}gi

kvfsk|k{ {dh fhs}h" hn`sh d{g}` fìakfgmh" å gnskjh h ukmgs hu`g` uhsh b{}hs fì}sh ` shfgvd`" vkim`

kv}h fhs}h mki`dgihmh ‒Fhs}h mh Usgvæ` mk Cgsdginahd—)

Kd 87<6" i` dêv mk Hn`v}`" i{dh dhiglkv}hîæ` fì}sh ` shfgvd` x{k fì}h|h f`d fksfh mk 3;5 555

dhiglkv}hi}kv" vkim` ;5 555 mkvvkv cshif`v) Kd ^hvagin}ì ikvvk dkvd` mgh" ukshi}k h kd`îæ` m`v

uskvki}kv ç x{k Dhs}gi usì{ifg̀ { h v{h fçbkcsk lshvk ¯G ah|k h Mskhd¿) H uhs}gs mkv}h mh}h `v ikns`v

nhiahshd ` hu`g` mh ùgigæ` uúcbgfh" f`d` m` n`|ksi` lkmkshb k h uhs}gs mhx{g l`shd fìvkn{gim` x{k

`v vk{v mgskg}`v l`vvkd skfìakfgm`v)

F`d }hi}hv |g}ösghv u`s uhs}k m` Dhs}gi B{}aks Ogin" kd 87<= l`g skfìakfgm` gi}ksihfgìhbdki}k"

}kim` nhia` ` usçdg` I`ckb mh Uhz) Dhs}gi hgimh x{kskim` fì}gi{hs ` vk{ }shchba`" `snhigz`{ h

‒Fhduhiah m`v U`cskv— x{k }giah f`d` `cjk}g|` j{i}hs }`m`v `v u`cskv i{dh dhiglkv}hîæ` fì}sh h

u`cskzh) Kd Hcsgb mk 87<1 l`g hvvhvvgihm` kd Dkduagv" ]kikvvkk" u`s {d cshif` x{k ah|gh kvfhuhm`

mh usgvæ`)

@ vk{ bknhm` }`si`{$vk {dh mhv dhgv gdu`s}hi}kv

fì}sgc{gîûkv å uhz" h bgcksmhmk k h gn{hbmhmk mh

a{dhigmhmk)




Us`lkvv`s: J`hx{gd Dhms{nh $ FKL ‖ ]gu` 3" iä|kb GG $ Fgmhmhigh k D{im` H}{hb ‖ 8º Hi` Uèngih 8>=

V@V Shfgvd`

Kv}h hvv`fghîæ` mk hu`g` h |ä}gdhv mk shfgvd` kqgv}k

mkvmk 8775) Kv}h hvv`fghîæ` vkd lgiv b{fsh}g|`v" }kd

f`d` `cjk}g|` iæ` vö hu`ghs h |ä}gdhv mk shfgvd`"

f`d` b{}hs uhsh fìvkn{gs {dh v`fgkmhmk dhgv j{v}h"

ih x{hb x{hbx{ks ukvv`h mk x{hbx{ks shîh" }kiah `v

dkvd`v mgskg}`v mk `{}sh x{hbx{ks) Kd 877< kv}h

hvv`fghîæ` skfkck{ ` kv}h}{}` mk {}gbgmhmk uúcbgfh)

H V@V Shfgvd` }shchbah f`d `{}shv hvv`fghîûkv k{sùkghv fì}sh ` shfgvd` mk l`sdh h x{k ` shfgvd`

vkjh f`dch}gm` kd }`mh h K{sùh)

Kv}h hvv`fghîæ` uhsh lhzks f`d x{k kv}h mglkskiîh mgdgi{h fì}sgc{ä f`d:

$ Gilshkv}s{}{shv mk hu`g` h dgi`sghv ç}igfhv k h uù{bhîûkv mk gdgnshi}kv?

$ F`ùkshîæ` i` mkvki|`b|gdki}` mk {dh j{v}gîh x{k fìmkih$vk `v f`du`s}hdki}`v shfgv}hv `{

qkiöl`c`v?

$ Hbks}hd hv mg|ksvhv k}ighv k gdgnshi}kv uhsh `v vk{v mgskg}`v)




Us`lkvv`s: J`hx{gd Dhms{nh $ FKL ‖ ]gu` 3" iä|kb GG $ Fgmhmhigh k D{im` H}{hb ‖ 8º Hi` Uèngih 8>;

Kqgv}kd |èsghv hvv`fghîûkv mk hu`g` åv |ä}gdhv" hukvhs mk vö lhbhsd`v mkv}h) Ih v`fgkmhmk mk a`jk" jè

igin{çd" `{ x{hvk igin{çd ç h lh|`s m` shfgvd`" u`s gvv` fsghd$vk kv}hv hvv`fghîûkv mk hu`g` å

|ä}gdh)

H gdgnshîæ` kd U`s}{nhb

@ us`fkvv` mk gdgnshîæ` kd U`s}{nhb }k|k |èsg`v d`dki}`v)

I`v mghv mk a`jk" f`d h gdgnshîæ` us`|kigki}k mhv v{hv kq$

f`böighv" mh K{sùh mk Bkv}k" `{" h}ç dkvd`" h gdgnshîæ`

vçig`s mk b{q` us`|kigki}k mk `{}s`v uhävkv mh [igæ` K{sùkgh"

x{k mk|gm` å fsghîæ` mkvvk kvuhî` f`d{d k h` mkvkj` m`v

k{sùk{v m` I`s}k mh K{sùh vk lgqhskd i`v uhävkv m` V{b uhsh

uhvvhskd ` skv}` mhv v{hv |gmhv" mku`gv mk {dh |gmh mk

}shchba`) U`s}{nhb" }hb f`d` h Kvuhiah" uhvv`{ mk {d uhäv mk

kdgnshîæ` uhsh {d uhäv mk gdgnshîæ`" `{ vkjh" h ki}shmh mk

ukvv`hv ç v{uksg`s å vhämh)

Hv dhg`skv f`d{igmhmkv gdgnshi}kv bknhgv kd U`s}{nhb !kd 355;' l`shd `v cshvgbkgs`v"

{fshighi`v" fhc`$|ksmghi`v k hin`bhi`v) I` ki}hi}`" }`mhv kv}hv f`d{igmhmkv l`shd hv dhg`skv

kd mglkski}kv hi`v" x{k l`g vkim` shugmhdki}k v{ubhi}hmh u`s `{}shv us`|kigki}kv mk ìmhv

dgnsh}ösghv dhgv skfki}kv)

@ V@V SHFGVD@ usk}kimk fì}sgc{gs uhsh bhiîhs `v hbgfksfkv mk {d |ksmhmkgs` mkch}k

v`csk h gdgnshîæ` kd U`s}{nhb k ih K{sùh)




Us`lkvv`s: J`hx{gd Dhms{nh $ FKL ‖ ]gu` 3" iä|kb GG $ Fgmhmhigh k D{im` H}{hb ‖ 8º Hi` Uèngih 8><

Fgmhmæ`v Kv}shinkgs`v Skvgmki}kv kd ]kssg}ösg` Ihfgìhb" 8715$355;

@sgnkd m`v Gdgnshi}kv kd U`s}{nhb




Us`lkvv`s: J`hx{gd Dhms{nh $ FKL ‖ ]gu` 3" iä|kb GG $ Fgmhmhigh k D{im` H}{hb ‖ 8º Hi` Uèngih 8>>

@ nshimk v{s}` mh gdgnshîæ` kd U`s}{nhb" mk{$vk i`v hi`v 75" kd |gs}{mk mk {dh vçsgk mk klkg}`v

fìj{nhm`v:

8) H us`l{imh fsgvk kd x{k dksn{ba`{ ` fì}giki}k hlsgfhi` k h Hdçsgfh Bh}gih) @ fskvfgdki}`

mkvgn{hb mh sgx{kzh h iä|kb d{imghb }`si`{ `v sgf`v dhgv sgf`v k `v u`cskv fhmh |kz dhgv

kimg|gmhm`v?

3) H mkss`fhmh mh kq$[igæ` V`|gç}gfh" h uhs}gs mk 8717" ki}sk `{}shv fìvkx{êifghv }k|k h mk kins`vvhs

` fì}ginki}k mk gdgnshi}kv å kvfhbh d{imghb?

6) @ mkvki|`b|gdki}` kfìödgf` x{k vk skngv}h kd U`s}{nhb" mku`gv mh hmkvæ` å FKK" kd 871<"

}s`{qk fìvgn` ` fskvfgdki}` kquìkifghb mhv `cshv uúcbgfhv x{k iæ` }hsmhshd h h}shgs dgbahskv mk

gdgnshi}kv)

H us`|kigêifgh m`v gdgnshi}kv mg|ksvglgfh$vk" k kv}kv kvuhbahd$vk u`s }`m` ` uhäv) A`jk ihv hbmkghv

dhgv skfýimg}hv ç u`vvä|kb kifì}shs gdgnshi}kv) Lhf}` x{k vö u`s vg fìv}g}{ä {dh f`dubk}h i`|gmhmk)

@ X{hms` Ikns` m` Hf`bagdki}`

H uskvkiîh m`v gdgnshi}kv mkvuks}h vkdusk vki}gdki}`v k skhîûkv fì}shmg}ösghv" dkvd` x{hi}` kv}kv

|êd v{usgdgs skf{sv`v a{dhi`v x{k kvfhvvkghd" k x{k vk uksvuk}g|h x{k vk |kiahd h hnsh|hs hgimh

dhgv i` l{}{s`)

Å vkdkbahiîh m` x{k `f`ssk kd }`m`v `v lb{q`v kdgnsh}ösg`v" skuk}kd$vk kd U`s}{nhb `v dkvd`v

us`cbkdhv k mshdhv a{dhi`v: Vkskv a{dhi`v |g`bki}hm`v i`v vk{v mgskg}`v dhgv cèvgf`v) ]sh}h$vk {dh

mgdkivæ` mk gdgnshîæ` kqu`v}h k kqub`shmh x{`}gmghihdki}k ukbh gduskivh) Gdu`s}h hn`sh mkv}hfhs

hbn{iv m`v vk{v hvuk}`v)

Ki}skn{kv å v{h v`s}k" kd }kssh hdgnh dhv kv}shiah" vk iæ` ih bäin{h" ukb` dki`v ih f{b}{sh" aècg}`v k

f`v}{dkv" kv}kv gdgnshi}kv v`lskd mk }sêv }kssä|kgv dhbkv: h uskfhsgmhmk mk fìmgîæ`" h v`bgmæ` k

lhb}h mk gi}ksusk}kv lgè|kgv f`d h skhbgmhmk kd x{k |g|kd)

@ usgdkgs` m` dhbkv dhsfh mkvmk b`n` ` gdgnshi}k" skdk}kim`$` uhsh `v ug`skv }shchba`v k fìmgîûkv

vhbhsghgv) @ gdgnshi}k lhz ` x{k `v ih}{shgv vk skf{vhd h lhzks" hv v{hv kvf`bahv væ` däigdhv) U`s dhgv

x{hbglgfhm` k us`m{}g|` x{k vkjh kv}è" kd nkshb" ‒fìmkihm`— h skfkcks d{g}` dki`v ukb` vk{ }shchba`)

Ikv}k fhv` }hdcçd hx{g }shchba` gn{hb iæ` vgniglgfh vhbèsg` gn{hb)





@ vkn{im` dhb $ h v`bgmæ` $" us`m{z lskx{ki}kdki}k h }kimêifgh uhsh `v f`du`s}hdki}`v

h{}`mkv}s{}g|`v !v{gfämg`" hbf``bgvd`" k}f)') ]sh}h$vk mk {d mshdh |g|gm` gi}gdhdki}k ukbh dhg`sgh m`v

gdgnshi}kv x{k u`s |kzkv fìakfk {d mkvlkfa` }sèngf`)

@ }ksfkgs` mkf`ssk mhv mglgf{bmhmkv mk f`d{igfhîæ`) \g|kim` {dh vg}{hîæ` mk ki`sdk lshngbgmhmk" `v

gdgnshi}kv us`f{shd ki}sk `v vk{v uhskv h vkn{shiîh k l`sîh gimgvukivè|kb uhsh kilski}hskd hv mg|ksvhv

vg}{hîûkv) Vk h v{h f`d{igmhmk |g|k kd hb`jhdki}`v uskfèsg`v" vksè us`|h|kbdki}k ikv}kv hdcgki}kv

mknshmhm`v x{k vk lhsè h v{h gi}knshîæ` v`fghb) Kv}h gi}knshîæ` }`sih$vk mkv}k d`m` i` usgdkgs` uhvv`

uhsh {d bìn` us`fkvv` mk h{}`$vknsknhîæ` x{k `v gsè gdukmgs mk vk hlgsdhskd ih v`fgkmhmk x{k `v

hf`bak)

Dhgv }hsmk" kv}hv vg}{hîûkv x{k l`shd hfkg}kv f`d` ‒ih}{shgv—" vksæ` |g|gmhv ukb`v vk{v lgba`v f`dà{dgbahi}kv k mgvfsgdgih}ösghv)

Ç ikv}k fì}kq}` x{k h x{kv}æ` `v vk{v mgskg}`v" kv}è x{hvk vkdusk i` lgd mk {dh bình fhmkgh mk

hvugshîûkv k mkvkj`v" ìmk å fhckîh kv}æ` usk`f{uhîûkv dhgv gdkmgh}hv f`d` h v`csk|g|êifgh" `

}shchba`" ` hb`jhdki}`" h bknhbgzhîæ`" ` u`s}{n{êv f`d bäin{h mk f`d{igfhîæ`" h lhdäbgh" k}f) Kv}k ç

{d m`v uì}`v l{imhdki}hgv x{k fìmgfgìh h hlgsdhîæ` k gi}knshîæ` m`v gdgnshi}kv ih v`fgkmhmk k `v

bk|h h hfkg}hskd" u`s |kzkv" vg}{hîûkv skfìakfgmhdki}k mknshmhi}kv)

Uhsh h uù{bhîæ` x{k `v skfkck" h |gimh mk kv}shinkgs`v uhsh vk lgqhskd k }shchbahskd i` vk{ uhäv" ç

ki}sk `{}s`v hvuk}`v dhsfhmh ukbh mgdkivæ` m` vk{ iúdks`) U`{f`v uhvvhd mkvuksfkcgm`v k v`csk}{m`

væ` lhfgbdki}k gi}knsè|kgv) Dhv x{him` væ` chv}hi}k vgniglgfh}g|`v" f`d` ç ` fhv` h}{hb kd U`s}{nhb"

iæ` mkgqhd mk mkvuks}hs skhîûkv x{k vk u`mkd }shm{zgs kd vki}gdki}`v mk hdkhîh) Hdkhîh u`s {dh

u`vvä|kb mgdgi{gîæ` m`v kduskn`v mgvuìä|kgv" dhv }hdcçd ukb` dkm` {dh uksfh mh gmki}gmhmk

f{b}{shb) Ç ikv}k }ksski` d`|kmgî`" ìmk vk hbgdki}h ` shfgvd` k qki`l`cgh" x{k d{g}`v h}ki}hm`v

fì}sh `v mgskg}`v a{dhi`v væ` f`dk}gm`v) Ikd vkdusk kv}hv skhîûkv vk dhiglkv}hd mk l`sdh

lbhnshi}k" lskx{ki}kdki}k hvv{dkd {dh mgdkivæ` giv}g}{fgìhb) Hv kv}h}äv}gfhv mkdìv}shd x{k h

us`chcgbgmhmk mk vk vks uskv` k vk|kshdki}k u{igm` ç d{g}` dhg`s uhsh `v gdgnshi}kv m` x{k uhsh `v

u`s}{n{kvkv" kqfk}` vk kv}kv l`skd ikns`v)

Skfìakfgdki}` mh Mgnigmhmk k m`v Mgskg}`v

H x{kv}æ` mh gdgnshîæ` iæ` u`mk vks vkuhshmh mh x{kv}æ` dhgv |hv}h m`v mgskg}`v a{dhi`v) Ç uskfgv`

kd usgdkgs` b{nhs uýs lgd å böngfh {}gbg}hsgv}h m`dgihi}k" ìmk `v vkskv a{dhi`v væ` kifhshm`v f`d`

dksh dksfhm`sgh)





I` h}{hb fì}kq}` u`s}{n{êv" i` x{hms` mk {d us`jk}` a{dhigv}h hvvki}k ih fì|gfîæ` x{k ç u`vvä|kb

fìv}s{gsd`v {d d{im` mk vkskv a{dhi`v bg|skv k gn{hgv kd mgskg}`v k mgnigmhmk" mkv}hfhd`v hbn{iv

`cjk}g|`v d`cgbgzhm`skv:

8) H us`d`îæ` mk u`bä}gfhv mk gi}knshîæ` x{k nhshi}hd h }`m`v `v }shchbahm`skv gdgnshi}kv {d

}sh}hdki}` gn{hb h }`m`v `v }shchbahm`skv ihfgìhgv" k hvvkn{sk h }`m`v kbkv" bknhgv `{ gbknhgv" `

skvukg}` ukb`v mgskg}`v a{dhi`v) F`d` h kquksgêifgh mkdìv}sh kv}h ç h l`sdh dhgv fìvkx{ki}k

uhsh hfhchs f`d ` }sèlgf` k h kvfsh|h}{sh mk vkskv a{dhi`v)

3) H us`d`îæ` m` fìakfgdki}` mh bäin{h u`s}{n{kvh ki}sk `v gdgnshi}kv) Vkd h hx{gvgîæ` mkv}k

giv}s{dki}` cèvgf` mk f`d{igfhîæ` ç vhcgm` x{k `v gdgnshi}kv vk }`sihd uskvh lèfgb m`v dhgv

‒|hsghm`v gi}ksusk}kv b`fhgv mh skhbgmhmk—" i`dkhmhdki}k mk skmkv dhlg`vhv)

6) H us`d`îæ` m` fìakfgdki}` mh gmki}gmhmk f{b}{shb m`v |èsg`v ns{u`v mk gdgnshi}kv" mk l`sdh hu`vvgcgbg}hs ` vk{ klk}g|` skfìakfgdki}` f`d` vkskv a{dhi`v" {b}shuhvvhim` h v{h a{dgbahi}k

gmki}glgfhîæ` f`d` dks`v giv}s{dki}`v mk }shchba`) Ih |ksmhmk vö vk kv}è mgvuìä|kb uhsh hfkg}hs

f`d` gn{hb hx{gb` x{k vk fìakfk)

=) @ kdukia` klk}g|` m` Kv}hm` ih v`b{îæ` mhv x{kv}ûkv skbhfgìhmhv f`d h gdgnshîæ` fbhimkv}gih"

i`dkhmhdki}k h}sh|çv mk hf`sm`v cgbh}kshgv ki}sk `v uhävkv mk k/gdgnshîæ`" us`jk}`v mk f`ùkshîæ`

kvukfälgf`v k ù`s}{igmhmkv dhgv hdubhv mk `c}kiîæ` mh uksdhiêifgh bknhb i` uhgv)

;) H l`sdhîæ` m`v hnki}kv mh Hmdgigv}shîæ` Uúcbgfh v`csk h skhbgmhmk mh gdgnshîæ`" ` skvukg}` ukbh mgnigmhmk

mk fhmh ukvv`h" gimkukimki}kdki}k mk v{h `sgnkd)

<) mkiúifgh k ` f`dch}k h` }sèlgf` mk vkskv a{dhi`v)

Ç uskfgv`" u`s úb}gd`" us`d`|ks {dh fìfkîæ` u`vg}g|h mh gdgnshîæ` h uhs}gs mhx{gb` x{k h agv}ösgh i`v

d`v}sh) H gdgnshîæ` iæ` fìv}g}{g {dh hdkhîh å gmki}gmhmk f{b}{shb m`v u`|`v" dhv ukb` fì}sèsg`

skuskvki}h {dh ki`sdk ù`s}{igmhmk uhsh x{k kv}kv vk kisgx{kîhd f`d i`|hv kquksgêifghv k vhckskv

hbhsnhim`$bakv `v a`sgzì}kv)

[DH \GV]H MK @BA@V U@S FKS]HV MKLGIGÎÛKV K F@IFKG]@V

‒@ shfgvd` f`dkîh x{him` h mglkskiîh" skhb `{ gdhngièsgh" ç {vhmh uhsh j{v}glgfhs {dh hnskvvæ`) [dh

hnskvvæ` x{k hvvki}h ih gifhuhfgmhmk uhsh f`duskkimks ` `{}s`" uhsh hfkg}hs hv mglkskiîhv k uhsh vk

kdukiahs i` mgèb`n`—)

Dèsg` V`hskv" hi}gn` uskvgmki}k mk U`s}{nhb




Us`lkvv`s: J`hx{gd Dhms{nh $ FKL ‖ ]gu` 3" iä|kb GG $ Fgmhmhigh k D{im` H}{hb ‖ 8º Hi` Uèngih 815

‒@ shfgvd` fìvgv}k kd fsks x{k fks}hv ukvv`hv væ` v{uksg`skv h `{}shv mk|gm` h uks}kifks h {dh shîh

kvukfälgfh) @v shfgv}hv mklgikd {dh shîh f`d` vkim` {d ns{u` mk ukvv`hv x{k }êd h dkvdh

hvfkimêifgh) Mglkskifghd hv shîhv f`d chvk kd fhshf}ksäv}gfhv lävgfhv f`d` h f`s mk ukbk k ` hvukf}`

m` fhckb`) Gi|kv}gnhîûkv skfki}kv us`|hd x{k h !shîh' ç {d fìfkg}` gi|ki}hm`) H i`îæ` mk !shîh' iæ`

u`vv{g x{hbx{ks l{imhdki}` cg`böngfh) H uhbh|sh !shfgvd`' ç gn{hbdki}k {vhmh uhsh mkvfsk|ks {d

f`du`s}hdki}` hc{vg|` `{ hnskvvg|` uhsh f`d `v dkdcs`v mk {dh !shîh gilksg`s') @ shfgvd` sk|kv}k$

vk mk |èsghv l`sdhv i`v mg|ksv`v uhävkv" fìv`hi}k h v{h agv}ösgh" f{b}{sh k `{}s`v lhf}`skv v`fghgv) [dh

l`sdh skbh}g|hdki}k skfki}k mk shfgvd`" u`s |kzkv mki`dgihmh !mglkskifghîæ` ç}igfh `{ f{b}{shb'"

mklkimk x{k }`mhv hv shîhv k f{b}{shv væ` gn{hgv" dhv iæ` vk mk|ghd dgv}{shs" mk dhikgsh h fìvks|hs h

v{h `sgngihbgmhmk) Iæ` kqgv}k ikia{dh us`|h fgki}älgfh mh kqgv}êifgh mk shîhv mglkski}kv) H cg`b`ngh vö

gmki}glgf`{ {dh shîh: h shîh a{dhih)

¯H K{sùh ç {dh v`fgkmhmk d{b}gf{b}{shb k d{b}gihfgìhb x{k vk kisgx{kfk f`d kv}h |hsgkmhmk) I`

ki}hi}`" h fìv}hi}k uskvkiîh m` shfgvd` ih i`vvh v`fgkmhmk iæ` u`mk vks gni`shmh) @ shfgvd` }`fh

}`mh h nki}k) Mknshmh hv i`vvhv f`d{igmhmkv k nksh givkn{shiîh k dkm`)¿

Uèmshgn Lbwii" F`dgvvèsg` K{sùk{

¯H fsgh}g|gmhmk vö u`mk }ks `sgnkd ih mglkskiîh)¿

Wka{mg Dki{agi" |g`bgigv}h k mklkiv`s m`v mgskg}`v m` A`dkd

¯@ shfgvd` f`dkîh x{him` h mglkskiîh" skhb `{ gdhngièsgh" ç {vhmh uhsh j{v}glgfhs {dh hnskvvæ`) [dh

hnskvvæ` x{k hvvki}h ih gifhuhfgmhmk uhsh f`duskkimks ` `{}s`" uhsh hfkg}hs hv mglkskiîhv k uhsh vk

kdukiahs i` mgèb`n`)¿

Dèsg` V`hskv" hi}gn` Uskvgmki}k mk U`s}{nhb





¯Uskfìfkg}`: ùgigæ` mkvlh|`sè|kb skbh}g|hdki}k h {dh ukvv`h `{ {d ns{u` l`sdhmh vkd

fìakfgdki}`" shzæ` `{ fh{vh)U`mks: fhuhfgmhmk uhsh lhzks d`|ks hv f`gvhv" hv u`vv{gs k hv

fì}s`bhs)Mglkskiîh ki}sk shfgvd` k uskfìfkg}`: ` uskfìfkg}` u`mk vgniglgfhs ` mkvuskz` u`s hbn{çd

hi}kv dkvd` mk vhcks ` x{k x{ks x{k vkjh v`csk kbk" dhv vkd }ks" ikfkvvhsghdki}k" ` u`mks mk

gilb{kifghs h v{h |gmh iknh}g|hdki}k) X{hi}` h` shfgvd`" kv}è skbhfgìhm` f`d ` l{ifgìhdki}` mk

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u`mks uhsh mgvfsgdgihs k uskj{mgfhs hv ukvv`hvv`c usk}kq}` mk vkskd mglkski}kv)—

Fìvkba` mh J{|ki}{mk Csg}ãigf`

¯@ shfgvd` fìvgv}k kd fsks x{k fks}hv ukvv`hv væ` v{uksg`skv h `{}shv mk|gm` h uks}kifkskd h {dh

shîh kvukfälgfh) @v shfgv}hv mklgikd {dh shîh f`d` vkim` {d ns{u` mk ukvv`hv x{k }êd h dkvdh

hvfkimêifgh) Mglkskifghd hv shîhv f`d chvk kd fhshf}ksäv}gfhv lävgfhv f`d` h f`s mh ukbk k ` hvukf}`

m` fhckb`) Gi|kv}gnhîûkv skfki}kv us`|hd x{k h ‒shîh— ç {d fìfkg}` gi|ki}hm`) H i`îæ` mk ‑—shîh—

iæ` u`vv{g x{hbx{ks l{imhdki}` cg`böngf`) H uhbh|sh shfgvd` ç gn{hbdki}k {vhmh uhsh mkvfsk|ks {d

f`du`s}hdki}` hc{vg|` `{ hnskvvg|` uhsh f`d `v dkdcs`v mk {dh ‒shîh— gilksg`s) @ shfgvd` sk|kv}k$

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l`sdh skbh}g|hdki}k skfki}k mk shfgvd`" u`s |kzkv mki`dgihmh ‒mglkskifghîæ` ç}igfh `{ f{b}{shb—"

mklkimk x{k }`mhv hv shîhv k f{b}{shv væ` gn{hgv" dhv iæ` vk mk|ghd dgv}{shs" mk dhikgsh h fìvks|hs h

v{h `sgngihbgmhmk) Iæ` kqgv}k ikia{dh us`|h fgki}älgfh mh kqgv}êifgh mk shîhv mglkski}kv) H cg`b`ngh vö

gmki}glgf`{ {dh shîh: h shîh a{dhih)

H gi}`bksãifgh ç {dh lhb}h mk skvukg}` ukbhv usè}gfhv k fì|gfîûkv m` `{}s`) Huhskfk x{him` hbn{çd

skf{vh mkgqhs `{}shv ukvv`hv hngskd mk dhikgsh mglkski}k k }kskd ùgigûkv mglkski}kv) H gi}`bksãifgh

u`mk fìm{zgs h` }sh}hdki}` gij{v}` mk fks}hv ukvv`hv kd shzæ` mhv v{hv fì|gfîûkv skbgng`vhv"

vkq{hbgmhmk `{ dkvd` mh v{h dhikgsh mk |kv}gs `{ mk uki}khs) H gi}`bksãifgh iæ` hfkg}h h mglkskiîh)

Kv}è ih chvk m` shfgvd`" m` hi}g$vkdg}gvd`" mh qki`l`cgh k mh mgvfsgdgihîæ` kd nkshb)

Lskx{ki}kdki}k" h gi}`bksãifgh u`mk fìm{zgs å |g`bêifgh)





H gn{hbmhmk ç h fhshf}ksäv}gfh m` x{k ç gn{hb) @ x{k vgniglgfh x{k ikia{dh ukvv`h ç dhgv gdu`s}hi}k

x{k `{}sh" x{hgvx{ks x{k vkjhd `v vk{v uhgv k h v{h fìmgîæ` v`fghb) Ih}{shbdki}k" hv ukvv`hv iæ` }êd`v dkvd`v gi}kskvvkv k hv dkvdhv fhuhfgmhmkv" ikd kv}gb`v mk |gmh gmêi}gf`v)





Fìvkx{ki}kdki}k" h gn{hbmhmk ki}sk hv ukvv`hv vgniglgfh x{k }`m`v }êd `v dkvd`v mgskg}`v k hv

dkvdhv ù`s}{igmhmkv) I` m`däig` mh km{fhîæ` k m` }shchba`" mk|kd mgvu`s mk ù`s}{igmhmkv gn{hgv"

hukihv mkukimki}kv m`v vk{v kvl`sî`v)

H gn{hbmhmkmk vö vk }`sihsè {dh skhbgmhmk x{him` }`m`v }g|kskd" kd }ksd`v gmêi}gf`v" hfkvv` h`

hb`jhdki}`" åvkn{shiîh v`fghb" h`v mgskg}`v fä|gf`v k å fgmhmhigh)

@ gi}ksf{b}{shbgvd` fìvgv}k kd ukivhs x{k iöv i` kisgx{kfkd`v h}sh|çv m` fìakfgdki}` mk `{}shv

f{b}{shv k m`v fì}hf}`v x{k }kd`v f`d kbhv k x{k mkvki|`b|kd`v h i`vvh uksvìhbgmhmk h` kifì}sè$

bhv)

Hv ukvv`hv mglkski}kv mk|ksghd u`mks |g|ks j{i}hv hukvhs mk }kskd f{b}{shv mglkski}kv) @

gi}ksf{b}{shbgvd` ç h hfkg}hîæ` k ` skvukg}` ukbhv mglkskiîhv) Fsks i` gi}ksf{b}{shbgvd` ç fsks x{k vk

u`mk huskimks k kisgx{kfks h}sh|çv m` kifì}s` f`d `{}shv f{b}{shv)¿

[IGM@V uhsh {dh hfîæ` gi}ksf{b}{shb

¯Kqgv}k {d fks}` iúdks` mk k}huhv x{k fìm{zkd å mgvfsgdgihîæ` hf}g|h" å |g`bêifgh k dkvd` å

u{sglgfhîæ` ç}igfh k h` nki`fämg`)

FH]KN@SGZHÎÆ@: lhzks nkikshbgmhmkv k mg|gmgs hv i`vvhv kquksgêifghv kd fh}kn`sghv mk d`m` h

lhfgbg}hs h i`vvh dhikgsh mk nksgs ` d{im` å i`vvh |`b}h) Mg|gmkd$vk k s`}{bhd$vk hv ukvv`hv k `v

ns{u`v)

KV]KSK@]GUHS: x{him` vk s`}{bhd hv ukvv`hv" ç }ki}hm`s lhzks$vk {v` mk kv}kskö}gu`v) @v

kv}kskö}gu`v væ` j{äz`v mk |hb`s f`d chvk kd gil`sdhîæ` giv{lgfgki}k) Aè kv}kskö}gu`v u`vg}g|`v k

iknh}g|`v" dhv hfskmg}hs i{d kv}kskö}gu` iknh}g|` k kqhfkscè$b` u`mk }`sihs$vk uksgn`v` k u`mk

fìm{zgs h`…

USKF@IFKG]@: f`du`v}` u`s gmkghv fsghmhv i{d bkx{k mk kd`îûkv k" mk lhf}`v giv{lgfgki}kv) [d

uskfìfkg}` ç lskx{ki}kdki}k fìv}g}{äm` vkd x{hbx{ks l{imhdki}` k" i` ki}hi}`" ç hfkg}k vkd vks

u`v}` kd fh{vh) Aè u`s |kzkv fì}shv}kv ki}sk iöv k kbkv) @v uskfìfkg}`v u`mkd bk|hs h

f`du`s}hdki}`v a`v}gv kd uskvkiîh m` ns{u` kd x{kv}æ`) Hv skhfîûkv vkn{gi}kv mksg|hd m`

uskfìfkg}`:

K\G]HS: k|g}hs ` ns{u`" iæ` bak lhbhs" iæ` ` x{ksks kifì}shs)




Us`lkvv`s: J`hx{gd Dhms{nh $ FKL ‖ ]gu` 3" iä|kb GG $ Fgmhmhigh k D{im` H}{hb ‖ 8º Hi` Uèngih 81=

#Iæ` uskfgv` }ks hdcgîûkv)Vö }kd {dh f`gvh x{k k{ x{ks` d{g}`:

X{k h a{dhigmhmk |g|h {igmh)))Ikns`v k cshif`v }`m`v j{i}`v)#

C`c Dhsbkw

HC[V@ \KSCHB: lhbhs iknh}g|hdki}k m` ns{u` k h` ns{u`)

MGVFSGDGIHÎÆ@: kix{hi}` ` uskfìfkg}` ç {dh h}g}{mk" h mgvfsgdgihîæ` ç {d f`du`s}hdki}` x{k

mkvuskzh ` ns{u`" ` }sh}h dhb" ` skf`dukivh dki`v x{k `v `{}s`v" ` c`gf`}h" k h}ç dkvd` ` kqfb{g)

HC[V@ \G@BKI]@: n`zhim`" gdu`s}{ihim`" hdkhîhim`" hvvkmghim` `{ uskj{mgfhim` ` uh}sgdöig`

m` ns{u`)

KBGDGIHÎÆ@: gv`bhim`" chigim`" dh}him`" bgifahim`" us`fkmkim` h` nki`fämg` `{ å u{sglgfhîæ`

ç}igfh)¿

H @snhigzhîæ` mhv Ihîûkv [igmhv $ @I[ $ giv}g}{g{ ` mgh 38 mk dhsî` f`d` ` Mgh Gi}ksihfgìhb mkB{}h ukbh Kbgdgihîæ` mh Mgvfsgdgihîæ` Shfghb kd dkdösgh m` Dhvvhfsk mk Vahuks|gbbk) Kd 38 mk

dhsî` mk 87<5" 35)555 ikns`v us`}kv}h|hd fì}sh h bkg m` uhvvk" x{k `v `csgnh|h h u`s}hs fhs}ûkv mk

gmki}glgfhîæ`" kvukfglgfhim` `v b`fhgv u`s ìmk kbkv u`mghd fgsf{bhs) Gvv` hfì}kfk{ ih fgmhmk mk

J`hikvc{sn`" ih Èlsgfh m` V{b) Dkvd` vkim` {dh dhiglkv}hîæ` uhfälgfh" ` kqçsfg}` h}gs`{ v`csk h

d{b}gmæ` k ` vhbm` mh |g`bêifgh l`shd <7 d`s}`v k 81< lksgm`v) @ mgh 38 mk dhsî` dhsfh hgimh `{}shv

fìx{gv}hv mh uù{bhîæ` iknsh i` d{im`: h gimkukimêifgh mh K}göugh" kd 87>;" k mh Ihdäcgh" kd

8775" hdc`v uhävkv hlsgfhi`v)




Us`lkvv`s: J`hx{gd Dhms{nh $ FKL ‖ ]gu` 3" iä|kb GG $ Fgmhmhigh k D{im` H}{hb ‖ 8º Hi` Uèngih 81;

#@v uskfìfkg}`v" dk{ hdgn`" væ` `v skgv m` |{bn`)#

\`b}hgsk




Kv}k giv}s{dki}` ukmhnöngf` vkn{k `v fì}kúm`v mklgigm`v i` us`nsh dh mh m gvfgubgih mk Fgmhmhi gh k D{im` H}{h b)

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