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Art. 151. Resistance and disobedience to a person in authority or the

agents of such person. The penalty of arresto mayor and a ne not exceeding

500 pesos shall be imposed upon any person who not being included in the

provisions of the preceding articles shall resist or seriously disobey any person in

authority, or the agents of such person, while engaged in the performance of ocial

duties.

hen the disobedience to an agent of a person in authority is not of a serious

nature, the penalty of arresto menor or a ne ranging from !0 to "!00 pesos shall

be imposed upon the o#ender.

Elements par 1:

!. That a person in authority or his agent is engaged in the performance of

ocial duty or gives lawful order to the o#ender.$. That the o#ender resists or seriously disobeys such persons in authority or

his agent.%. That the act of the o#ender is not included in the provision of &rt !'(, !'),

!50.

Elements par 2:

!. That the agent of a person in authority is engaged in the performance of the

ocial duty or gives lawful order to the o#ender.$. That the o#ender disobeys such agent of a person in authority.%. That such disobedience is not serious in nature.

Art. 152. Persons in authority and agents of persons in authority; Who

shall be deemed as such. *n applying the provisions of the preceding and otherarticles of this +ode, any person directly vested with urisdiction, whether as an

individual or as a member of some court or governmental corporation, board, or

commission, shall be deemed a person in authority. & barrio captain and a barangay

chairman shall also be deemed a person in authority.

& person who, by direct provision of law or by election or by appointment by

competent authority, is charged with the maintenance of public order and the

protection and security of life and property, such as a barrio councilman, barrio

policeman and barangay leader and any person who comes to the aid of persons in

authority, shall be deemed an agent of a person in authority.

*n applying the provisions of &rticles !'( and !5! of this +ode, teachers,

professors and persons charged with the supervision of public or duly recogni-ed

private schools, colleges and universities, and lawyers in the actual performance of

their professional duties or on the occasion of such performance, shall be deemed

persons in authority. &s amended by "/ o. $)), 1ept. !), !)2% and 3atas

"ambansa 3lg. (2%, 4une !$, !)(5.

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Are teachers! professors etc! persons in authority for purposes of Art 1"#$

The %rdparagrapsh of &rt !5$ states that 6in applying the provisions of &rts

!'( and !5! of this +ode7, they persons in authority. 3ut such statement is not

exclusive of &rt !') for it merely emphasi-es the application of &rts !'( and !5!.

+hapter 8ive

"93:*+ /*1;e a disturbance of the public order.

The penalty of arresto menor and a ne not to exceed "$00 pesos shall be

imposed upon these persons who in violation of the provisions contained in the last

clause of &rticle (5, shall bury with pomp the body of a person who has been legally

executed.

What are tumults and other disturbances of public order$

!. +ausing any serious disturbance in a public place, oce or establishment$. *nterrupting or disturbing performances, functions or gatherings, or peaceful

meetings, if the act is not included in &rt !%! and !%$.%. ?a>ing any outcry tending to incite rebellion or sedition in any meeting,

association or public place.'. /isplaying placards or emblems which provo>e a disturbance of public order

in such place.5. 3urying with pomp the body of a person who has been legally executed.

Public disorder distinguished from sedition or rebellion

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*f the outcry is more or less unconscious outburst which, although rebellious

or seditious in nature, is not intentionally calculated to induce others to commit

rebellion or sedition, it is only public disorder.

'rimes resulting from acts resulting from causing a disturbance are not

absorbed in this article

Art. 15". (nla)ful use of means of publication and unla)ful utterances.

The penalty of arresto mayor and a ne ranging from "$00 to "!,000 pesos shall be

imposed upon@

!. &ny person who by means of printing, lithography, or any other means of

publication shall publish or cause to be published as news any false news which

may endanger the public order, or cause damage to the interest or credit of the

1tateA

$. &ny person who by the same means, or by words, utterances or speeches shall

encourage disobedience to the law or to the constituted authorities or praise,

ustify, or extol any act punished by lawA

%. &ny person who shall maliciously publish or cause to be published any ocial

resolution or document without proper authority, or before they have been

published ociallyA or

'. &ny person who shall print, publish, or distribute or cause to be printed,

published, or distributed boo>s, pamphlets, periodicals, or leaBets which do not bear

the real printerCs name, or which are classied as anonymous.

Actual public disorder or actual damage to the credit of the *tate is notnecessary. &he mere possibility of causing the danger is su+cient.

&he o,ender must -no) that the ne)s if false.

Art. 155. Alarms and scandals. &he penalty of arresto menor or a ne

not e/ceeding P200 pesos shall be imposed upon:

!. &ny person who within any town or public place, shall discharge any rearm,

roc>et, recrac>er, or other explosives calculated to cause alarm or dangerA

$. &ny person who shall instigate or ta>e an active part in any charivari or other

disorderly meeting o#ensive to another or preudicial to public tranDuilityA

%. &ny person who, while wandering about at night or while engaged in any other

nocturnal amusements, shall disturb the public peaceA or

'. &ny person who, while intoxicated or otherwise, shall cause any disturbance or

scandal in public places, provided that the circumstances of the case shall not ma>e

the provisions of &rticle !5% applicable.

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&he discharge of rearm should not be aimed at a person; other)ise the

o,ense )ould fall under Art 25"! punishing discharge of rearm.

'alculated to cause alarm or danger should be )hich produces alarm

or danger

'hari3ari 4 includes medley of discordant voices, a moc> serenade of discordant

noises made on >ettles, tins, horns, etc., designed to annoy and insult.

Art. 15. 6eli3ery of prisoners from 7ails. The penalty of arresto mayor in its

maximum period of prision correccional in its minimum period shall be imposed

upon any person who shall remove from any ail or penal establishment any person

conned therein or shall help the escape of such person, by means of violence,

intimidation, or bribery. *f other means are used, the penalty of arresto mayor shall

be imposed.

*f the escape of the prisoner shall ta>e place outside of said establishments

by ta>ing the guards by surprise, the same penalties shall be imposed in their

minimum period.

Elements:

!. That there is a person conned in a ail or penal establishment.$. That the o#ender removes therefrom such person, or helps the escape of

such person.

Prisoner may be a mere detention prisoner or prisoner by nal 7udgment.

8ribery 9ualies the crime but is not necessary.

iability of the prisoner )ho escapes

!. *f detention prisoner, not criminally liable$. *f prisoner by nal udgment, criminally liable under evasion of the service of

his sentence.

'hapter *i/

EA* =? *ER

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Art. 15@. E3asion of ser3ice of sentence. The penalty of prision correccional

in its medium and maximum periods shall be imposed upon any convict who shall

evade service of his sentence by escaping during the term of his imprisonment by

reason of nal udgment. Eowever, if such evasion or escape shall have ta>en place

by means of unlawful entry, by brea>ing doors, windows, gates, walls, roofs, or

Boors, or by using pic>loc>s, false >eys, deceit, violence or intimidation, or throughconnivance with other convicts or employees of the penal institution, the penalty

shall be prision correccional in its maximum period.

Elements:

!. That the o#ender is a convict by nal udgment$. That he is serving his sentence which consists in deprivation of liberty.%. That he evades the service of his sentence by escaping during the term of his

sentence.

&he sentence must be by reason of nal 7udgment

Applicable to sentence of destierro

6estierro is a deprivation of partial liberty.

'ircumstances 9ualifying the o,ense.

*f such evasion or escape ta>es place F

!. 3y mean of unlawful entry$. 3y brea>ing doors, windows, gates, walls, roofs or BoorsA%. 3y using pic>loc>s, false >eys, disguise, deceit, violence or intimidationA

'. Through connivance with other convicts or employees of the penal institution.

Art. 15. E3asion of ser3ice of sentence on the occasion of disorder!

conBagrations! earth9ua-es! or other calamities. & convict who shall evade

the service of his sentence, by leaving the penal institution where he shall have

been conned, on the occasion of disorder resulting from a conBagration,

earthDua>e, explosion, or similar catastrophe, or during a mutiny in which he has

not participated, shall su#er an increase of oneGfth of the time still remaining to be

served under the original sentence, which in no case shall exceed six months, if he

shall fail to give himself up to the authorities within fortyGeight hours following the

issuance of a proclamation by the +hief =xecutive announcing the passing away of

such calamity.

+onvicts who, under the circumstances mentioned in the preceding

paragraph, shall give themselves up to the authorities within the above mentioned

period of '( hours, shall be entitled to the deduction provided in &rticle )(.

Elements:

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!. That the o#ender is a convict by nal udgment, who is conned in a penal

institution.$. That there is disorder, resulting from F

a. +onBagration,b. =arthDua>e,c. =xplosion,d. 1imilar catastrophe, ore. ?utiny in which he has not participated

%. That the o#ender evades the service of this sentence by leaving the penal

institution where he is conned, on the occasion of such disorder or during

the mutiny.'. That the o#ender fails to give himself up to the authorities within '( hrs

following the issuance of a proclamation by the +hief =xecutive announcing

the passing away of such calamity.

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!. "rision correccional in its medium period F if the penalty remitted does not

exceed I years.$. The unexpired portion of his original sentence F if the penalty remitted is

higher than I years.

=,ender must be found guilty of subse9uent o,ense before he can be

prosecute under Art 15#.

'hapter *e3en

'=DD=&ER 'R

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&itle ?our

'R

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$. "rision correccional in its minimum and medium periods and a ne of not

to exceed "$,000 pesos, if the counterfeited coins be any of the minor coinage of

the "hilippines or of the +entral 3an> of the "hilippines below tenGcentavo

denomination.

%. "rision correccional in its minimum period and a ne not to exceed "!,000pesos, if the counterfeited coin be currency of a foreign country. &s amended by

nowingly, although without the connivance mentioned in the precedingarticles, shall possess false or mutilated coin with intent to utter the same, or shall

actually utter such coin, shall su#er a penalty lower by one degree than that

prescribed in said articles.

Acts punished under Art 15:

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!. "ossession of coin, counterfeited or mutilated by another person, with intent

to utter the same >nowing that it is false or mutilated.$. &ctually uttering such false or mutilated coin, >nowing the same to be false

or mutilated.

*ection &hree. ?orging treasury or ban- notes! obligations and

securities; importing and uttering false or forged notes! obligations and

securities.

Art. 1. ?orging treasury or ban- notes on other documents payable to

bearer; importing! and uttering such false or forged notes and documents.

The forging or falsication of treasury or ban> notes or certicates or other

obligations and securities payable to bearer and the importation and uttering in

connivance with forgers or importers of such false or forged obligations or notes,

shall be punished as follows@

!. 3y reclusion temporal in its minimum period and a ne not to exceed "!0,000

pesos, if the document which has been falsied, counterfeited, or altered, is an

obligations or security of the 9nited 1tates or of the "hilippines *slands.

The word Lobligation or security of the 9nited 1tates or of the "hilippine *slandsL

shall be held to mean all bonds, certicates of indebtedness, national ban> notes,

fractional notes, certicates of deposit, bills, chec>s, or drafts for money, drawn by

or upon authori-ed ocers of the 9nited 1tates or of the "hilippine *slands, and

other representatives of value, of whatever denomination, which have been or may

be issued under any act of the +ongress of the 9nited 1tates or of the "hilippine

:egislature.

$. 3y prision mayor in its maximum period and a ne not to exceed "5,000 pesos, if

the falsied or altered document is a circulating note issued by any ban>ing

association duly authori-ed by law to issue the same.

%. 3y prision mayor in its medium period and a ne not to exceed "5,000 pesos, if

the falsied or counterfeited document was issued by a foreign government.

'. 3y prision mayor in its minimum period and a ne not to exceed "$,000 pesos,

when the forged or altered document is a circulating note or bill issued by a foreign

ban> duly authori-ed therefor.

% acts penaliJed under Art 1:

!. 8orging of falsication of treasury or ban> notes or other documents payable

to bearer.$. *mportation of such false or forged obligations or notes.%. 9ttering of such false or forged obligations or notes in the connivance with

the forgers or importance.

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obligation or security shall mean 4

!. 3onds$. +erticates of indebtedness%. ational ban> notes'. +oupons

5. Treasury notesI. +oupons2. 8ractional notes(. +erticates of deposits). 3ills!0.+hec>s!!./rafts for money!$.&nd other representatives of value issued under any &ct of +ongress

Art. 1@. 'ounterfeiting! importing and uttering instruments not payable

to bearer. &ny person who shall forge, import or utter, in connivance with the

forgers or importers, any instrument payable to order or other document of credit

not payable to bearer, shall su#er the penalties of prision correccional in its medium

and maximum periods and a ne not exceeding "I,000 pesos.

Elements:

!. That there be an instrument payable to order or other document of credit not

payable to bearer$. That the o#ender either forged, imported or uttered such instrument%. That in case of uttering, he connived with the forger or importer.

Art. 1. nowingly use or

have in his possession, with intent to use any of the false or falsied instruments

referred to in this section, shall su#er the penalty next lower in degree than that

prescribed in said articles.

Elements:

!. That any treasury or ban> note or certicate or other obligation and securitypayable to bearer, or any instrument payable to order or other document

payable to bearer is forged or falsied by another person.$. That the o#ender >nows that any of those instruments is forged or falsied.%. That he performs any of these acts F

a. 9sing any of such forged or falsied instrumentsA orb. "ossessing with intent to use any of such forged or falsied

instruments.

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Art. 1#. o) forgery is committed. The forgery referred to in this section

may be committed by any of the following means@

!. 3y giving to a treasury or ban> note or any instrument, payable to bearer or order

mentioned therein, the appearance of a true genuine document.

$. 3y erasing, substituting, counterfeiting or altering by any means the gures,

letters, words or signs contained therein.

1ection 8our. 8alsication of legislative, public, commercial, and

privatedocuments, and wireless, telegraph, and telephone message.

Art. 1@0. ?alsication of legislati3e documents. The penalty of prision

correccional in its maximum period and a ne not exceeding "I,000 pesos shall be

imposed upon any person who, without proper authority therefor alters any bill,

resolution, or ordinance enacted or approved or pending approval by either Eouseof the :egislature or any provincial board or municipal council.

Elements:

!. That there be a bill, resolution or ordinance enacted or approved or pending

approval by either Eouse of the :egislature or any provincial board or

municipal council.$. That the o#ender alters the same.%. That he has no proper authority therefor.'. That the alteration has changed the meaning of the document.

MMThe words 6municipal council7 should include the city council or municipal board.

Art. 1@1. ?alsication by public o+cer! employee or notary or ecclesiastic

minister. The penalty of prision mayor and a ne not to exceed "5,000 pesos

shall be imposed upon any public ocer, employee, or notary who, ta>ing

advantage of his ocial position, shall falsify a document by committing any of the

following acts@

!. +ounterfeiting or imitating any handwriting, signature or rubricA

$. +ausing it to appear that persons have participated in any act or proceeding

when they did not in fact so participateA

%. &ttributing to persons who have participated in an act or proceeding statements

other than those in fact made by themA

'. ?a>ing untruthful statements in a narration of factsA

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5. &ltering true datesA

I. ?a>ing any alteration or intercalation in a genuine document which changes its

meaningA

2. *ssuing in an authenticated form a document purporting to be a copy of an

original document when no such original exists, or including in such a copy a

statement contrary to, or di#erent from, that of the genuine originalA or

(. *ntercalating any instrument or note relative to the issuance thereof in a protocol,

registry, or ocial boo>.

The same penalty shall be imposed upon any ecclesiastical minister who shall

commit any of the o#enses enumerated in the preceding paragraphs of this article,

with respect to any record or document of such character that its falsication may

a#ect the civil status of persons.

Elements:

!. That the o#ender is a public ocer, employee or notary public.$. That he ta>es advantage of hi ocial position.%. That he falsies a document by committing any of the following acts@

a. +ounterfeiting or imitating any handwriting, signature or rubricAb. +ausing it to appear that persons have participated in any act or

proceeding when they did not in fact so participateAc. &ttributing to persons who have participated in an act or proceeding

statements other than those in fact made by themAd. ?a>ing untruthful statements in a narration of factsAe. &ltering true datesA

f. ?a>ing any alteration or intercalation in a genuine document whichchanges its meaningA

g. *ssuing in an authenticated form a document purporting to be a copy of

an original document when no such original exists, or including in such

a copy a statement contrary to, or di#erent from, that of the genuine

originalA orh. *ntercalating any instrument or note relative to the issuance thereof in

a protocol, registry, or ocial boo>.'. *n case the o#ender is an ecclesiastical minister, the act of falsication is

committed with respect to any record or document of such character that its

falsication may a#ect civil status of a person.

Art. 1@2. ?alsication by pri3ate indi3idual and use of falsied documents.

The penalty of prision correccional in its medium and maximum periods and a

ne of not more than "5,000 pesos shall be imposed upon@

!. &ny private individual who shall commit any of the falsications

enumerated in the next preceding article in any public or ocial document or letter

of exchange or any other >ind of commercial documentA and

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$. &ny person who, to the damage of a third party, or with the intent to cause

such damage, shall in any private document commit any of the acts of falsication

enumerated in the next preceding article.

&ny person who shall >nowingly introduce in evidence in any udicial

proceeding or to the damage of another or who, with the intent to cause suchdamage, shall use any of the false documents embraced in the next preceding

article, or in any of the foregoing subdivisions of this article, shall be punished by

the penalty next lower in degree.

% acts punished under Art. 1@2

!. 8alsication of public, ocial or commercial document by private individual

par !$. 8alsication of private document by any person par $%. 9se of falsied document last par

?alsication under par 1 of Art 1@2

=lements of falsication of public, ocial, or commercial document by a private

individual@

!. That the o#ender is a private individual or a public ocer or employee who

did not ta>e advantage of his ocial position.$. That he committed any of the acts of falsication enumerated in &rt !2!.%. That the falsication was committed in a public or ocial or commercial

document.

" Kinds of 6ocument

!. Public document 4 any instrument authori-ed by a notary public or a

competent public ocial, with the solemnities reDuired by law.$. =+cial document 4 a document which is issued by a public ocial in the

exercise of the functions of his oce.%. Pri3ate document 4a deed or document executed by a private person with

the intervention of a notary public or other person legally authori-ed, by

which document some disposition or agreement is proved, evidenced or set

forth.'. 'ommercial document 4 any document dened and regulated by the +ode

of +ommerce or any other commercial law.

Elements of falsication under par 2 of Art 1@2

!. That the o#ender committed any of the acts of falsication, except those in

par 2, enumerated in &rt !2!.$. That the falsication was committed in any private document.3. That the falsication caused damage to %rdparty or at least the falsication

was committed with intent to cause damage

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Estafa through falsication of public document

&heft through falsication of o+cial document

Elements of falsied document Llast par of Art 1@2M

new that a document was falsied by another person.$. That the false document is embraced in &rt !2! or in any subdivisions of o.

! or $ of &rt !2$%. That he introduced said document in evidence in any udicial proceeding.

(se of falsied document in proceeding not 7udicial! re9uires at least

intent to cause damage.

&he user of the falsied document is deemed the author of the falsication

if 4

!. The use was so closely connected in time with the falsication, and$. The user had the capacity of falsifying the document.

Art. 1@%. ?alsication of )ireless! cable! telegraph and telephone

messages! and use of said falsied messages. The penalty of prision

correccional in its medium and maximum periods shall be imposed upon ocer or

employee of the Jovernment or of any private corporation or concern engaged in

the service of sending or receiving wireless, cable or telephone message who utters

a ctitious wireless, telegraph or telephone message of any system or falsies the

same.

&ny person who shall use such falsied dispatch to the preudice of a third party or

with the intent of cause such preudice, shall su#er the penalty next lower in

degree.

% Acts punishable under Art 1@%:

!. 9ttering ctitious wireless, telegraph or telephone message.Elements:a. That the o#ender is an ocer or employee of the JovKt or an ocer or

employee of a private corporation, engaged in the service of sending or

receiving wireless, cable or telephone message.b. That the o#ender commits any of the following acts@i. 9ttering ctitious wireless, cable, telegraph or telephone

messageA orii. 8alsifying wireless, cable, telegraph, or telephone message.

$. 8alsifying wireless, telegraph or telephone message.

Elements:

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a. That the accused >new that wireless, cable, telegraph, or telephone

message was falsied by any of the persons specied in the rst

paragraph of &rt !2%.b. That the accused used such falsied dispatch.c. That the use of the falsied dispatch resulted in the preudice of a % rd

party, or that the use thereof was with intent to cause such preudice.

%. 9sing such falsied message.

*ection ?i3e. ?alsication of medical certicates!

certicates of merit or ser3ices and the li-e.

Art. 1@". ?alse medical certicates! false certicates of merits or ser3ice!

etc. The penalties of arresto mayor in its maximum period to prision correccional

in its minimum period and a ne not to exceed "!,000 pesos shall be imposed upon@

!. &ny physician or surgeon who, in connection, with the practice of his

profession, shall issue a false certicateA and

$. &ny public ocer who shall issue a false certicate of merit of service,

good conduct or similar circumstances.

The penalty of arresto mayor shall be imposed upon any private person who

shall falsify a certicate falling within the classes mentioned in the two preceding

subdivisions.

'erticate 4 any writing by which testimony is given that a fact has or has not

ta>en place

Persons liable for falsication of certicates

!. "hysician or surgeon who, in connection with the practice of his profession,

issued a false certicate.$. "ublic ocer who issued a false certicate of merit of service, good conduct

or similar circumstances.%. "rivate individual who falsied a certicate falling in the classes mentioned in

os. ! and $.

Art. 1@5. (sing false certicates. The penalty of arresto menor shall be

imposed upon any one who shall >nowingly use any of the false certicates

mentioned in the next preceding article.

Elements:

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!. That a physician or surgeon has issued a false medical certicate or a public

ocer has issued a false certicate of merit or service, good conduct, or

similar circumstances, or a private person has falsied any of said

certicates.$. That the o#ender >new that the certicate was false.

%. The he used the same.

MMhen any of the false certicates mentioned in &rt !2' is used in the

udicial proceeding, &rt !2$ does not apply, because the use of false document

in udicial proceeding under &rt !2$ is limited to those false documents

embraced in &rts. !2! and !2$.

*ection *i/. Danufacturing! importing and possession of instruments

or implements intended for the commission of falsication.

Art. 1@. Danufacturing and possession of instruments or implements forfalsication. The penalty of prision correccional in its medium and maximum

periods and a ne not to exceed "!0,000 pesos shall be imposed upon any person

who shall ma>e or introduce into the "hilippine *slands any stamps, dies, mar>s, or

other instruments or implements intended to be used in the commission of the

o#enses of counterfeiting or falsication mentioned in the preceding sections of this

+hapter.

&ny person who, with the intention of using them, shall have in his possession

any of the instruments or implements mentioned in the preceding paragraphs, shall

su#er the penalty next lower in degree than that provided therein.

Acts punished under Art 1@

!. ?a>ing or introducing into the "hilippine *slands any stamps, dies, mar>s, or

other instruments or implements intended to be used in the commission of the

o#enses of counterfeiting or falsication

$. "ossessing with intent to use the instruments or implements for counterfeiting or

falsication made in or introduced into the "hilippines by another person.

'hapter &)o

=&ER ?A*

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Art. 1@@. (surpation of authority or o+cial functions. &ny person who shall

>nowingly and falsely represent himself to be an ocer, agent or representative of

any department or agency of the "hilippine Jovernment or of any foreign

government, or who, under pretense of ocial position, shall perform any act

pertaining to any person in authority or public ocer of the "hilippine Jovernment

or any foreign government, or any agency thereof, without being lawfully entitled todo so, shall su#er the penalty of prision correccional in its minimum and medium

periods.

2 )ays of committing crime under Art 1@@

!. 3y >nowingly and falsely representing oneself to be an ocer, agent or

representative of any department or agency of the "hilippine JovKt or any foreign

govKt.

MM*n usurpation of authority, the mere act of >nowingly and falsely

representing oneself to be an ocer is sucient.

$. 3y performing any act pertaining to any person in authority or public ocer of

the "hilippine JovKt or of the "hilippine JovKt or of a foreign govKt or any agency

thereof, under pretense of ocial position, and without being lawfully entitled to do

so.

MM*n usurpation of ocial functions, it is essential that the o#ender should

have performed an act pertaining to a person in authority or public ocer, in

addition to other reDuirements.

Elements Lusing ctitious nameM

!. That the o#ender uses a name other than his real name$. That he uses ctitious name publicly%. That the purpose of the o#ender is F

a. to conceal a crimeb. to evade the execution of a udgmentA orc. to cause damage to public interest

?ictitious name 4 any other name which a person publicly applies to himselfwithout authority of law

'ausing damage must be to public interest*f the purpose is causing damage, it must be damage to public interest. *f it is

damage to private interest, the crime will be estafa under &rt %!5, subdivision $,par a.

Elements Lconcealing true nameM!. That the o#ender conceals his true name and all other personal circumstances.$. That the purpose is only to conceal his identity.

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Art. 1@. (sing ctitious name and concealing true name. The penalty of

arresto mayor and a ne not to exceed 500 pesos shall be imposed upon any

person who shall publicly use a ctitious name for the purpose of concealing a

crime, evading the execution of a udgment or causing damage.

&ny person who conceals his true name and other personal circumstances shall bepunished by arresto menor or a ne not to exceed $00 pesos.

Art. 1@#. e use of

insignia, uniforms or dress pertaining to an oce not held by such person or to a

class of persons of which he is not a member.

Elements:

!. That the o#ender ma>es use of insignia, uniform or dress

$. That the insignia, uniform or dress pertains to an oce not held by the o#enderor to a class of persons of which he is not a member.

%. That the said insignia, uniform or dress is used publicly and improperly.

**This article pertains to a public oce.

*ection &)o. ?alse testimony

Art. 10. ?alse testimony against a defendant. &ny person who shall give

false testimony against the defendant in any criminal case shall su#er@

!. The penalty of reclusion temporal, if the defendant in said case shall have beensentenced to deathA

$. The penalty of prision mayor, if the defendant shall have been sentenced to

reclusion temporal or reclusion perpetuaA

%. The penalty of prision correccional, if the defendant shall have been sentenced to

any other aNictive penaltyA and

'. The penalty of arresto mayor, if the defendant shall have been sentenced to a

correctional penalty or a ne, or shall have been acDuitted.

*n cases provided in subdivisions % and ' of this article the o#ender shall further

su#er a ne not to exceed !,000 pesos.

Elements:

!. That there be a criminal proceeding.

$. That the o#ender testies falsely under oath against the defendant therein.

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%. That the o#ender who gives false testimony >nows that it is false.

'. That the defendant against whom the false testimony is given is either acDuitted

or convicted in a nal udgment.

Art. 11. ?alse testimony fa3orable to the defendants. &ny person who

shall give false testimony in favor of the defendant in a criminal case, shall su#er

the penalties of arresto mayor in its maximum period to prision correccional in its

minimum period a ne not to exceed !,000 pesos, if the prosecution is for a felony

punishable by an aNictive penalty, and the penalty of arresto mayor in any other

case.

?alse testimony fa3orable to the defendant is e9ually repugnant to the

orderly administration of 7ustice.

>ot applicable for crimes punishable by arresto menor or lo)er.

Art. 12. ?alse testimony in ci3il cases. &ny person found guilty of falsetestimony in a civil case shall su#er the penalty of prision correccional in its

minimum period and a ne not to exceed I,000 pesos, if the amount in controversy

shall exceed 5,000 pesos, and the penalty of arresto mayor in its maximum period

to prision correccional in its minimum period and a ne not to exceed !,000 pesos,

if the amount in controversy shall not exceed said amount or cannot be estimated.

Elements:

!. That the testimony must be given in a civil case.

$. The testimony must relate to the issues presented in said case.

%. That the testimony must be false.

'. That the false testimony must be given by the defendant >nowing the same to be

false.

5. That the testimony must be malicious and given with an intent to a#ect the

issues presented in said civil case.

Art. 1%. ?alse testimony in other cases and per7ury in solemn a+rmation.

The penalty of arresto mayor in its maximum period to prision correccional in its

minimum period shall be imposed upon any person, who >nowingly ma>esuntruthful statements and not being included in the provisions of the next preceding

articles, shall testify under oath, or ma>e an adavit, upon any material matter

before a competent person authori-ed to administer an oath in cases in which the

law so reDuires.

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&ny person who, in case of a solemn armation made in lieu of an oath, shall

commit any of the falsehoods mentioned in this and the three preceding articles of

this section, shall su#er the respective penalties provided therein.

2 )ays of committing per7ury

!. 3y falsely testifying under oathA and

$. 3y ma>ing a false adavit.

**Falsely testifying under oath should not be in a judicial proceeding.

Elements of per7ury:

!. That the accused made a statement under oath or executed an adavit upon a

material matter.

$. That the statement or adavit was made before a competent ocer, authori-ed

to receive and administer oath.

%. That in that statement or adavit, the accused made a willful and deliberate

assertion of a falsehoodA and

'. That the sworn statement or adavit containing the falsity is reDuired by law.

=ath 4 any form of attestation by which a person signies that he is bound in

conscience to perform and act faithfully and truthfully.

A+da3it 4 a sworn statement in writingA a declaration in writing, made upon oath

before an authori-ed magistrate or ocer.

Daterial matter 4 main fact which is the subect of the inDuiry or any

circumstance which tends to prove that fact, or any fact or circumstance which

tends to corroborate or strengthen the testimony relative to the subect of inDuiry,

or which legitimately a#ects the credit of any witness who testies.

Daterial 4 directed to prove a fact in issue

Rele3ant 4 when it tends in any reasonable degree to establish the probability or

improbability of a fact in issue.

Pertinent 4 when it concerns collateral matters which ma>e more or less probablethe proposition at issue.

Art. 1". =,ering false testimony in e3idence. &ny person who shall

>nowingly o#er in evidence a false witness or testimony in any udicial or ocial

proceeding shall be punished as guilty of false testimony and shall su#er the

respective penalties provided in this section.

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*ubordination to per7ury 4 is committed by a person who >nowingly and willfully

procures another to swear falsely and the witness suborned does testify under

circumstances rendering him guilty of perury.

Elements

!. That the o#ender o#ered in evidence a false witness or false testimony.

$. That he >new the witness or the testimony was false.

%. That the o#er was made in a udicial or ocial proceeding.

Art 1#0I1#" Repealed by RA 2"5 L6angerous 6rugs Act of 1#@2M )hich

)as repealed by RA #15 L'omprehensi3e 6angerous 6rugs Act of 2002M

Acts punished are:

!. *mportation of dangerous andHor controlled precursors and essential chemicalsA

$. 1ale, trading, administration, dispensation, delivery, distribution and

transportation of dangerous drugs andHor controlled precursors and essential

chemicalsA

%. ?aintenance of a dangerous drug den, dive or resortA

'. 3eing employee or visitors of a dangerous drug den, dive, resortA

5. ?anufacture of dangerous drugs andHor controlled precursors and essential

chemicalsA

I. *llegal chemical diversion of controlled precursors and essential chemicalsA

2. ?anufacture or delivery of eDuipment, instrument, apparatus and other

paraphernalia for dangerous drugs andHor controlled precursors and essential

chemicalsA

(. "ossession of dangerous drugsA

). "ossession of eDuipment, instrument, apparatus and other paraphernalia for

dangerous drugsA

!0. "ossession of dangerous drugs during parties, social gatherings or meetingsA

!!. "ossession of eDuipment, instrument, apparatus and other paraphernalia for

dangerous drugs during parties, social gatherings or meetingsA

!$. 9se of drugsA

!%. +ultivation or culture of plants classied as dangerous drugs or are sources

thereofA

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!'. 8ailure to maintain and >eep original records of transactions or dangerous drugs

andHor controlled precursors and essential chemicalsA

!5. 9nnecessary prescription of dangerous drugsA and

!I. 9nlawful prescription of dangerous drugs.