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Design of Efficient Millimeter Wave Planar

Antennas for 5G Communication Systems

Mohammed H. Abu Saada

Supervised by

Dr. Talal F. Skaik

Assistant prof. of Electrical Engineering

Dr. Ramadan A. Alhalabi

Assistant prof. of Electrical Engineering

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment

of the requirements for the degree of

Master of Electrical Engineering Communication Systems Engineering

April/2017

The Islamic UniversityGaza

Research and Postgraduate Affairs

Faculty of Engineering

Master of Electrical Engineering

Communication Systems

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:

Design of Efficient Millimeter Wave Planar Antennas

for 5G Communication Systems

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Declaration

I hereby certify that this submission is the result of my own work, except

where otherwise acknowledged, and that this thesis (or any part of it)

has not been submitted for a higher degree or quantification to any other

university or institution. All copyrights are reserves toIslamic University

Gaza strip paiestine

:Student's name :

:Signature :

:Date 12/5/1122 :

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Abstract

Fifth generation (5G) is the next major phase of mobile telecommunications standards beyond the

current 4G, which will operate at millimeter-wave frequency band. In any wireless device, the

performance of radio communications depends on the design of an efficient antenna. This thesis

presents designs for microstrip antennas (single element and arrays at 28 GHz), where 28GHz is

one of the standard frequencies of the 5G communications.

A parametric study to select the best single element design to use it in the array has been performed.

The study included investigation on the impact of feeding technique, substrate dielectric constant,

substrate thickness and substrate loss tangent on the antenna parameters. Different feeding

techniques are studied, and gap-coupled feeder has been found the best in terms of bandwidth that

is greater than 1 GHz.

Based on the best optimized single element patch, several microstrip antenna array designs at 28

GHz are proposed with number of elements up to 16 and those designs meet the requirements of

5G antennas. Commercial simulation software (CST) and (ADS) were utilized to design single

element, linear and planar arrays.

Furthermore, dual polarized Linear and planar arrays were designed for handset mobiles and base

stations respectively, with good isolation between vertical and horizontal ports (better than 20 dB).

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30 . 2020

. 28

)

...( )

1 .

17 16

.

(CST) .(ADS)

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DEDICATION

To

My Parents Hassan & Enayat

My Wife Islam

My children

Enayat, Anas, Tala, Leen

and

My Family

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and the foremost, I would like to thank Almighty Allah for bestowing His blessings upon me

and giving me the strength to carry out and complete this work.

I am extremely grateful to my supervisors Dr. Ramadan Alhalabi and Dr. Talal Skaik for their

valuable advice, guidance, beneficial discussions and encouragement throughout my research.

Apart from their valuable academic advice and guidelines, they have been extremely kind,

friendly, and helpful. I am also very grateful to my thesis committee members, Dr. Tamer Abu

Foul and Dr. Fady El-Nahal for their care, cooperation and constructive advices.

Special thanks to my colleagues and friends especially Eng. Belal A. Alsaati, Eng. Mohammed A.

Matar, Eng. Mohammed A. Tubail, and Eng. Mohammed J. Hannona for their encouragements

and various help that they provided throughout my graduate studies.

Special thanks to my friends Ahmed R. Qarrot, Abdallah H. Abu Saada, Zakaria A. Alshaghnouby,

,Mohammed Kh. Abu Salem, Mohammed Z. Aldahshan, Mohammed F. Kullab and Khalil

Eslayyeh.

Also, I want to thank my Indian friend Sudipta Maity for his valuable advice and guidance.

I would like to give my special thanks to my parents, brothers, sister and my wife for their support,

patience and love. Without their encouragement, motivation and understanding, it would have been

impossible for me to complete this work. Finally, my sincere thanks are due to all people who

supported me to complete this work.

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Contents Abstract II

Abstract in Arabic III

Declaration IV

Acknowledgment V

Table of Contents VI

List of Tables . VIII

List of Figures IX

1 Chapter 1 : Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1

1. 1 5G Communications ......................................................................................................... 1

1. 2 Background ...................................................................................................................... 2

1. 3 planar Antennas at mm-Wave Frequencies ...................................................................... 2

1. 4 Why at 28 GHz? ............................................................................................................... 3

1. 5 Literature review .............................................................................................................. 4

1. 6 Thesis motivation ............................................................................................................. 6

1. 7 Thesis overview................................................................................................................ 6

2 Chapter 2: Antenna Theory ..................................................................................................... 8

2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 8

2.2 Maxwells equations ........................................................................................................ 9

2.3 Antenna Parameters........................................................................................................ 10

2.3. 1 Radiation Pattern ..................................................................................................... 10

2.3. 2 Directivity ............................................................................................................... 11

2.3. 3 Antenna Efficiency ................................................................................................. 12

2.3. 4 Antenna radiation efficiency ................................................................................... 13

2.3. 5 Antenna Gain .......................................................................................................... 14

2.3. 6 Bandwidth ............................................................................................................... 14

2.3. 7 Input Impedance...................................................................................................... 15

2.3. 8 Polarization ............................................................................................................. 16

2.4 Microstrip Antennas ....................................................................................................... 16

2.4.1 Basic Characteristics ............................................................................................... 17

VII

2.4.2 Feeding techniques: ................................................................................................ 18

2.4.3 Designing Rectangular Microstrip Antenna ........................................................... 24

3 Chapter 3: Single Element Design ........................................................................................ 27

3.1 Antenna Substrate: ......................................................................................................... 27

3.1.1 Substrate Thickness: ............................................................................................... 28

3.1.2 Dielectric Constant (r ):......................................................................................... 32

3.1.3 Substrate Loss Tangent: .......................................................................................... 33

3.1.4 Copper cladding depth selection: ............................................................................ 35

3.2 Feeding techniques: ........................................................................................................ 36

3.3 single element patch antenna design .............................................................................. 40

4 Chapter 4 : Antenna Array: .................................................................................................... 44

4. 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 45

4. 2 The Array Factor for Linear Arrays ............................................................................... 45

4. 3 Antenna Array feeding Configuration................