ĐỒ ÁN 19

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N 19

Thit k v tnh ton h thng kh thi trong xng sn xut b tngct thp.

V tr cc thit b

Th t Thit b 1 Thit b 2 Thit b 3 Thit b 4 Thit b 5 Thit b 6 Thit b 7

19 My mi

Khu lmkhun

Kw hacht

My tinphi

L hi L sythan

Kw hacht

Thng tin cn thit cho qu trnh tnh ton :

- My mi : c nng bi pht sinh 700 mg/m3 (bi c ng knh 100 m) .- My tin phi : c nng bi kim loi pht sinh 600 mg/m3 (bi c ng knh 120m).

- 2 KW ha cht c cc dung mi hu c bay hi (VOC, acetone, benzene,toluene) gynguy hi cho sc khe ngi lao ng, cn ht v x l.

- Khu lm khun pht sinh bi mn (

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Chng I : Tnh lu lng

1. Thit bmy mi : C nng bi pht sinh 700 mg/m3 (bi c ng knh100m)

Tit din hnh ch nht ca chp ht : 1500mm X 500mm. cao 1m so vi mt t

Din tch mt bng F = 0,75 m2Lu lng chp ht : L = Vh.F =1,8.0,75 = 1,35m

3/s.

2. Khu lm khun : Khu lm khun pht sinh bi mn (

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3. Kw ha cht : 2 KW ha cht c cc dung mi hu c bay hi (VOC, acetone,benzene,toluene) gy nguy hi cho sc khe ngi lao ng, cn ht v x l.

i vi KW ho cht c din tch mt bng l hnh thang cn th chng ta st t htl hnh ch nht vi chiu di l y ln ca hnh thang +20mm v chiu rng l chiucao ca hnh thang +20mm.

i vi din tch mt bng l hnh trn th t ht s c dng hnh vung vi cnh lng knh hnh trn +20mm.

- Tht t cch sn 1m, cao 2m , chp ht cao 0,5 m v vn tc ti ca ht l 0,2 m/s.

Din tch mt bnDin tch t ht

Din tch mt bng Din tch t ht

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T ht cho KW ho cht ti vtr 3 trn s bn vmt bng:Tit din ch nht ca t ht l: (3250+40) X (2000 +40)mm =6711600 mm2 = 6,712m2Th tch lm vic ca t ht l: (3250+40) X (2000 +40)X 2000 mm = 13,424m3.Lu lng ca chp ht:L = vF = 0,2 X 6,712 = 1,342 m3/s ( vn tc ti ca ht v =0,2m/s ).

T ht cho KW ho cht ti vtr 7 trn s mt bng:Tit din ch nht ca t ht l: (4000+40) x (4000+40) mm = 16,322 m2

Th tch lm vic ca t ht l: (4000+40) x (4000+40) x 2000 mm =32,643 m3.

Lu lng ca chp ht:

L = vF = 0.2 x 16,322 = 3,264 m3/s

4. My tin phi: c nng bi kim loi pht sinh 600 mg/m3 (bi c ng knh120m).

Tit din hnh ch nht ca chp ht : 1500mm X 500mm. cao 1m so vi mt tDin tch mt bng F = 0,75 m2

Lu lng chp ht : L = Vh.F =1,8.0,75 = 1,35m3/s.

5. L hi (du FO) :

Nhit nng ca nhin liu theo cng thc Mendeleev (12.7) :

Qp = 81 *65 + 246 *4.15 26 * (2.79 - 0.9) 6 * 8= 6188,76 kcal/kgNL

My tin

hi

kh

1000 mm

0

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TT i lng tnh ton Khiu

Cng thc tnh ton Gi tr n v

1 Lng khng kh khl thuyt cn cho qutrnh chy

V0 V0=0,089Cp+0,264Hp-0,0333(Op-Sp)

7,761 M3chun/kgNL

2 Lng khng kkh ml thuyt cn cho qutrnh chy ( t=300C,=65%d=17g/kg)

Va Va=(1+0,0016d)V0 7,972 nt

3 Lng khng kh mthc t vi h s thakhng kh =1,4

Vt Vt=Va

=1,4. 7,97211,161 nt

4 Lng SO2trong snphm chy

VSO2 VSO2=0,683.10-2Sp 1,78.10

-2 nt

5 Lng kh CO trongSPC vi h s chykhng hon ton v hahc v c hc =0,025

VCO VCO=1,865.10-2Cp 0.0365 nt

6 Lng kh CO2 trongSPC

VCO2 VCO2=1,865.10-2(1-)Cp 1,424 nt

7 Lng hi nc trongSPC

VH2O VH2O=0,111HP+0,0124WP+0,0016dVt

0,728 nt

8 Lng kh N2 trog SPC VN2 VN2=0,8.10-2NP+0,79Vt 8,834 nt

9 Lng kh O2 trongkhng kh tha

VO2 VO2=0,21(-1)Va 0,67 nt

10 Lng SPC tng cng VSPC VSPC= VSO2+ VCO+VCO2+ VH2O+ VN2+VN2

11,71 nt

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Tnh ton nng cht nhim ti ming ng khi


Cng thc Gi tr nv

1 Lng khi (SPC)iu kinchun t=00C;P=760mmHg

LC LC=VSPC.B/3600 2,114 M3/s

2 Lng khi (SPC)iu kinthc t tkhi

0CLT LT=LC(273+tkhi)/273 3,121 M

3/s

3 Lng kh SO2 viSO2=2,926kg/m

3chunMSO2 MSO2=(10

3VSO2.B.SO2)/3600 9,404 g/s

4 Lng kh CO viCO=1,25kg/m3chun M

CO MCO=(103

VCO.B.CO)/3600 8,238 g/s

5 Lng kh CO2 viCO2=1,977kg/m

3chunMCO2 MCO2=(10

3VCO2B.CO2)/3600 508,308 g/s

6 Lng tro bi vi h s trobay theo khi =0,5

Mbi Mbi=10..AP.B/3600 3,611 g/s

7 Lng kh NOx MNOx MNox =1,723.103.B1.18 /3600 998.207 mg/s

CmaxNOx=MNox/LT =319.836 mg/m3

CmaxSO2=MSO2/LT=9,404/3,121= 3,013g/m3 =3013 mg/ m3

CmaxCO=MCO/LT= 8,238/3,121= 2,64 g/m3=2640 mg/ m3

CmaxCO2=MCO2/LT=508,308/3,121=162,867 g/m3=162867 mg/ m3

Cmaxbui=Mbi/LT=3,611/3,121=1,157 g/m3=1157 mg/ m3

- So snh nng Cmax cc cht S02, C0, C02, bi vi QCVN 19/2009-BTNMT (y taso snh vi ct B).

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TTLoi cht

thi

Cmax

(mg/m3

)

Gii hn cho php mg/m3i vi loi c ssn xut

A B

1 Kh SO2 3013 1500 500

2 Kh CO 2640 1000 1000

3 Kh CO2 162867Khng quy nh trong tiuchun

Khng quy nh trong tiuchun

4 Bi khi 1157 400 200

6. L sy than (than cm):Nhit nng ca nhin liu theo cng thc Mendeleev (12.7):

Qp = 81 *65 + 246 *4.15 26 * (2.79 - 0.9) 6 * 8= 6188,76 kcal/kgNL


Cng thc tnh ton Gi tr n v

1 Lng khng kh kh l thuytcn cho qu trnh chy

V0 V0=0,089Cp+0,264Hp-0,0333(Op-Sp)

6,818 M3chun/kgNL

2 Lng khng kkh m lthuyt cn cho qu trnh chy(t=300C, =65%d=17g/kg)

Va Va=(1+0,0016d)V0 7,003 nt

3 Lng khng kh m thc t

vi h s tha khng kh =1,4

Vt Vt=Va 9,804 nt

4 Lng SO2trong sn phmchy

VSO2 VSO2=0,683.10-2Sp 6,147.1

0-3nt

5 Lng kh CO trong SPC vih s chy khng hon ton v

VCO VCO=1,865.10-2Cp 0,03 nt

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ha hc v c hc =0,025

6 Lng kh CO2 trong SPC VCO2 VCO2=1,865.10-2(1-)Cp 1,212 nt

7 Lng hi nc trong SPC VH2O VH2O=0,111HP+0,0124WP

+0,0016dVt0,827 nt

8 Lng kh N2 trog SPC VN2 VN2=0,8.10-2NP+0,79Vt 7,77 nt

9 Lng kh O2 trong khng khtha w

VO2 VO2=0,21(-1)Va 0,588 nt

10 Lng SPC tng cng VSPC VSPC= VSO2+ VCO+ VCO2+VH2O+ VN2+VN2

10,488 nt

Tnh ton nng cht nhim ti ming ng khi

tt i lng tnh ton Khiu

Cng thc Gi tr nv

1 Lng khi (SPC) iu

kin chunt=00C;P=760mmHg

LC LC=VSPC.B/3600 1,894 M3/s

2 Lng khi (SPC) iukin thc t tkhi

0CLT LT=LC(273+tkhi)/273 2,796 M

3/s

3 Lng kh SO2 viSO2=2,926kg/m

3chunMSO2 MSO2=(10

3VSO2.B.SO2)/3600 3,247 g/s

4 Lng kh CO viCO=1,25kg/m

3chunMCO MCO=(10

3VCO.B.CO)/3600 6,771 g/s

5 Lng kh CO2 viCO2=1,977kg/m

3chunMCO2 MCO2=(103VCO2B.CO2)/3600 432,634 g/s

6 Lng tro bi vi h s trobay theo khi =0,5

Mbi Mbi=10..AP.B/3600 14,444 g/s

7 Lng kh NOx MNOx MNox=3,953.10-2.Q1,18 /3600 0,327 mg/s

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CmaxNOx=MNox/LT =0,117 mg/m3

CmaxSO2=MSO2/LT= 1161mg/ m3

CmaxCO=MCO/LT= 2422mg/ m3

CmaxCO2=MCO2/LT= 154733mg/ m3

Cmaxbui=Mbi/LT= 5165mg/ m3

TTLoi chtthi

Cmax

(mg/m3)

Gii hn cho php mg/m3i viloi c ssn xut

A B

1 Kh SO2 1161 1500 500

2 Kh CO 2422 1000 1000

3 Kh CO2 154733Khng quy nhtrong tiu chun

Khng quy nh trongtiu chun

4 Bi khi 5165 400 200

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Chng II : Vch tuyn ng

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Chng III: Tnh Ton Thy Lc

1. Khu vc my mi (mt bng s 1) :Cc thng s cn thit cho qu trnh tnh ton :(da vo phc lc 3 )

Lu lng L=1,35m3/s=4860m3/hVn tc trong ng :V=10-12m/s

Ming ht : =1.05Ta c hai ngot 90o :R/D =2, vy =0,35*2=0,7

STTL(m3/h)

l (m)v(m/s)

d(mm)

R(kG/m3)

R x l (v2x )/

(2 g)

Pcb(kG/m2)

P

1 4860 11,572 12 400 0,383 4,432 1,75 8,81 15,42 19,85

2. Khu vc lm khun :Cc thng s cn thit cho qu trnh tnh ton :

phc lc 3 sch K thut thng gi_GS. Trn Ngc Chn_NXB Xy dng H Ni 1998

Da vo bng ph lc 3,tnh cd=383mm v R=0,383kg/m3,vy tachn d=400mm, v=12m/s

(v2x )/ (2 g) =8,81

=0,35

=0,35

l2=10,572m

l1=1m

=1,75

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Lu lng L=1,25m3/s =4500m3/h

Vn tc trong ng :V=10-12m/s

Ming ht : =1.05Ta c bn ngot 90o :R/D =2, vy =0,35*4=1,4

STT L (m3 /h) l (m) v (m/s)d(m

m)

R(kG/m

3)

R x l (v2x )/

(2 g)

Pcb(kG/m2)

P

1 4500 20,533 11,8 355 0,413 8,48 2,45 8,52 20,874 29,354

3. Khu vc ha cht :Cc thng s cn thit cho qu trnh tnh ton :

a. Khu vc ha cht 3 :Lu l

ng L=1,342 m3/s

=4831m

3

/hVn tc trong ng :V=10-12m/s

b. Khu vc ha cht 7 :

=2,45

L4=1m

L3=6mL1=9m

L2=4,533

=0,35

=0,35

=0,35

=0,35

Da vo bng ph lc 3 ,tnh cd=383mm v R=0,383kg/m3,vy ta

chn d=400mm, v=12m/s

(v2x )/ (2 g) =8,81

Da vo bng ph lc 3 ,tnh cd=346mm v R=0,413kg/m3,vy tachn d=355mm, v=12m/s

(v2x )/ (2 g) =8,52

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Lu lng L=3,264 m3/s =11750m3/h


ng ng chung cho hai khu ha cht c :

Lu lng L=16581m3/h


L0/Lt =4831/11750 =0,7F0/Ft =630/710 = 0,9

STT Tn chi tit Slng Ghi ch

on 1-2 Chp ht 1 = 1.05 1-2=1,45

Ngoc 900 (tit din trn nhiu t) 1 = 0.4

on 2a-2 Chp ht 1 = 1.05 2a-2=1,45


on 2-3 Chc 3 300 1 = 0.16 2-3=0,56


l=6,5m

l=8m2

2a

3


(v2x )/ (2 g) =7,4

Da vo bng ph lc 3 ,tnh cd=699mm v R=0,163kg/m3,vyta chn d=710mm, v=11,7m/s

(v2x )/ (2 g) =8,37

l=6,5m

l=1m

l=3m

l=10m

l=2m

Khu 7 Khu 3

Tra bng ph lc 4

= 0.16

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onL,m3/h

l,m

v,m/s

d,mm

R,

kG/m2.m

R.l (v2x )/

(2 g)

PcbkG/m2

P= R.l+Pcb,kG/m2

1 - 2 4831 14,5 12 400 0,388 5,63 1.45 8.81 12,77 18,4

2a - 2 11750 6,5 11 630 0,177 1,15 1.45 7,4 10,73 11,88

2 - 3 16581 15 11,7 710 0,163 2,45 0,56 8.37 4,69 7,14

P =37,44

4. Khu vc my tin phi :

Lu lng L=1,35m3/s=4860m3/hVn tc trong ng :V=10-12m/s

STTL(m3/h)

l (m) v (m/s) d (mm)R(kG/m3)

R x l (v2x )/

(2 g)

Pcb(kG/m2)

P

1 4860 12 12 400 0,383 4,96 1,75 8,81 15,42 20,38

5. Khu vc l hi v l sy than:a. L sy than :

cc thng s cn cho qu trnh tnh ton :

=0,35

=0,35

l2=11m

l1=1m


(v2x )/ (2 g) =8,81

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Lu lng L=2,796m3/s=10065,5m3/hVn tc trong ng :V=10-12m/s

b. L hi (du FO) :

Lu lng L=3,121m3/s=11235,5m3/hVn tc trong ng :V=10-12m/s

ng ng chung cho hai thit b trn :

Lu lng L=21301m3/hVn tc trong ng :V=10-12m/s

L0/Lt =10065/11235=0,9F0/Ft =630/800 = 0,8

Tra bng ph lc 4

= 0.22


(v2x )/ (2 g) =7,4


(v2x )/ (2 g) =7,4

Da vo bng ph lc 3 ,tnh cd=792mm v R=0,151 kg/m3,vyta chn d=800mm, v=12m/s

(v2x )/ (2 g) =8,81

l=22,5m

l=6m

l=10m2

2a

3

l=9m

L hi

l=6m

l=2m

L sy

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STT Tn chi tit Slng Ghi ch

on 1-2 Chp ht 1 = 1.05 1-2=1,85

Ngoc 900 (tit din trn nhiu t) 2 = 0.4*2

on 2a-2 Chp ht 1 = 1.05 2a-2=1,45Ngoc 900 (tit din trn nhiu t) 1 = 0.4

on 2-3 Chc 3 300 1 = 0.22 2-3=0,66


Da vo s liu thu thp trn, ta lp bng tnh tn tht p lc nh sau:

Chng IV: Chn Qut V Cc Thit B XLCc trm xl :

Trm 1 : bao gm khu vc mi .Tm 2 : khu lm khun.

Trm 3: khu ha cht (mt bng 3 +mt bng 4).Trm 4 :khu mi .Trm 5 : khu l hi 5 + l than 6.

1. Trm 1 (khu vc my mi ):My mi pht sinh bi th (100m), vi lu lng 4860 m3/h v nng bi 700mg/m3

onL,m3/h

l,m

v,m/s

d,mm

R,

kG/m2.m

R.l (v2x )/

(2 g)

PcbkG/m2

P= R.l+Pcb,kG/m2

1 - 2 10065,5 30,5 11 630 1,77 53,99 1,85 7,4 13,7 67,7

2a - 2 11235,5 15 11 630 1,77 26,55 1,45 7,4 10,7 37,3

2 - 3 21301 12 12 800 1,51 18,12 0,56 8,81 4,9 23

P =128 kG/m2

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- i chiu vi Quy chun k thut Quc gia v kh thi cng nghip i vi bi v cc chtv c QCVN 19/2009-BTNMT:

Theo gi thuyt v tnh ton ta c Kv = 1, Kp = 1.

Cmax = C * Kv * Kp

Vy gii hn ti a cho php ca bi v cc cht v c trong kh thi cng nghip (loi B):

Bi

B 200Nh my, c sthuc loi B c nng pht thi bi vt qu tiu chun l khang 3,5 ln.

- Yu cu ca h thng x l l (700-200)/700 = 71,43%.

Quy trnh cng ngh :

Xyclon li-ot lc bi tay o qut ht ng khi

Chn qut :

= + +

Tn tht p lc on ng :19,85 kG/m2 Tn tht p lc thit b xyclon liot : 50 kG/m2 Tn tht p lc thit b lc bi tay o : 75 kG/m2

Cng sut qut:

Nq =... =

.,,, = 3,8kW

Ph thng= 19,85+ 50+75 =144,8 kG/m2

Lu l n L=4860m3/h.

Tra bng ph lc 5

Loi qut ly tm .7-40 N 5

Hiu sut qut : = 0,55%.S vng quay: 1600 vng/phtVn tc quay : 41,9 m/s

tn tht on ngni thit b vi

Tn tht p sutton h thng

tn tht p lc onng

tn tht p lcthit b

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Trong :

K: h s d tr :

i vi qut li tm c cnh un cong ra trc th c th ly K = 1.1-1.15i vi qut li tm c cnh un cong ra sau v qut trc : K = 1.05-1.1

: hiu sut ca ng cTnh ton thitb :

Chn xiclon : chn xiclon liot

Lu lng L =4860m3 /h v vn tc v=12m/s

Tra bng .Suy ra

ng knh ng dn kh vo: d= 0,345m

ng knh ng vcyclone c tra l D= 3,24 x d = 1,1178 m

ng knh ng thot kh ra: d= 0,345m

ng knh x bi ( ng knh ng y) : Dd= 0.4 x d =0,138 m

Chiu cao thn cyclone (Chiu cao ng v): Lb= 5d = 1,725m

Chiu cao phu (Chiu cao phn nn): Lc = 4d = 1,38m

ng knh ng xoy: Dx = 1.9 x d = 0,66m

Chiu di dng xoy (Chiu cao ng ra): S = 5d =1,725 m.

Bng 1 _ph lc

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Lc bi ti vi :Chn vi len c nng sut lc cao, bin ng sch n nh, d phc hi bn khong67 thng hot ng lin tc.

T l chiu di v ng knh ti vi:

K = 16 : 1 (TCVN 16 20/1 )

Chiu di lc ti thch hp: l =2000 - 3500mm

Do iu kin khng gian m ta chn l, y l =2000mm.

ng knh ti vi: D =l/K =2000/16 = 125mm (TCVN: D=200-400 mm )Chn D=200mm

Din tch b mt lc ca mi ti vi:F1 = . D . l = 3.14 X 0.2 X 2= 1,256m

2.

Din tch b mt lc yu cu cn xl lng bi :F = L/v.h

Trong :

L =4860 m3/h (Lu lng u vo) v: Cng lc bi : v =15 - 200 m3/m2.h. Do yu cu ca loi vi v

khnng x l m chn v khc nhau, chn v =150 m3/m2.h. h: Hiu sut lm vic ca b mt lc, thng ly h =85% .

T, suy ra:

F =4860/(150 X 0.85) = 38,1m2.

Sng tay o dng l: n = F / F1 =38,1/1,256 = 30 ng. Chn chiu di 6 ng, chiu rng 5 ng.

Tnh ton v la chn kch thc thit b:

Chiu rng thit b:L = n1 X D + l1 X (n1 +1) = 5 X 0.2 +0.08 X 6 = 1,48m

Vi l1: khong cch gia 2 ti lin tip. Chn l1 = 80mm

Chiu di thit b:B = n2 X D + l1 X (n2+1) = 6 X 0.2 + 0.08 X 7= 1,76m

Chiu cao thng lc:h =H + H1 + H2

Trong :

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H: Chiu cao b phn lc:H = l = 2 m .

H1: Chiu cao to b phn chn ng trn ti vi, thng ly H1= 0.5 m. H2: Chiu cao b phn thu hi bi ,tutheo lng bi v thi gian cn thu

hi, thng

Ly H2 = 0 1.5 m, chn H2 =1 m.Vy, Chiu cao thng lc: h = 2m + 0.5m + 1m = 3.5 m.

2. Trm 2 ( khu lm khun ) :Khu lm khun pht sinh bi mn (10m), vi lu lng 4500 m3/h c nng bi pht sinh

700mg/m3.

- i chiu vi Quy chun k thut Quc gia v kh thi cng nghip i vi bi v cc chtv c QCVN 19/2009-BTNMT:


Cmax = C * Kv * Kp

Vy gii hn ti a cho php ca bi v cc cht v c trong kh thi cng nghip (loi B):

Bi

B 200Nh my, c sthuc loi B c nng pht thi bi vt qu tiu chun l khang 3,5 ln.

Quy trnh cng ngh :Xyclon li-ot lc bi tay o qut ht ng khi

Chn qut :

= + +

Tn tht p lc on ng :29,354 kG/m2

Tn tht p lc thit b xyclon liot : 50 kG/m2

Tn tht p lc thit b lc bi tay o : 75 kG/m2



tn tht p lc onng

tn tht p lcthit b

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Cng sut mi qut:

Nq =... =

.,,, = 3,8kW

Trong :

K: h s d tri vi qut li tm c cnh un cong ra trc th c th ly K = 1.1-1.15i vi qut li tm c cnh un cong ra sau v qut trc : K = 1.05-1.1

: hiu sut ca ng c

Tnh ton thit b

Chn xiclon : chn xiclon liot (tnh ton v hnh v nh thit b my mi )Lu lng L =4500m3 /h v vn tc v=12m/s

Tra bng.Suy ra


ng knh ng vcyclone c tra l D= 3,24 x d = 1,1178 m




Chiu cao phu (Chiu cao phn nn): Lc = 4d = 1,38m

ng knh ng xoy: Dx = 1.9 x d = 0,66m


Lc bi ti vi :

Bng 1_ ph lc

Ph thng= 29,354 + 50+75 =154,4 kG/m2

Lu lng L=4500m3/h.

Tra bng ph lc 5

Chn qut ly tm .7-40 N 5

Hiu sut qut : = 0,55%.S vng quay: 1600 vng/pht

Vn tc quay : 41,9 m/s

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Chn vi len c nng sut lc cao, bin ng sch n nh, d phc hi bn khong67 thng hot ng lin tc.


K = 16 : 1 (TCVN 16 20/1 )





2.

Din tch b mt lc yu cu cn xl lng bi :F = L/v.h =4500/(150x0,85) =35,3m3

Trong :

L =4500m3/h (Lu lng u vo) v: Cng lc bi : v =15 - 200 m3/m2.h. Do yu cu ca loi vi v kh

nng x l m chn v khc nhau, chn v =150 m3/m2.h. h: Hiu sut lm vic ca b mt lc, thng ly h =85% .

T, suy ra:

F =4500/(150x0,85) =35,3m3.

Sng tay o dng l: n = F / F1 =35,3/1,256 = 28,1 ng. chn n =30 ng Chn chiu di 6 ng, chiu rng 5 ng.


Chiu rng thit b:L = n1 X D + l1 X (n1 +1) = 5 X 0.2 +0.08 X 6 = 1,48m




Trong :

H: Chiu cao b phn lc: H = l = 2 m .

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H1: Chiu cao to b phn chn ng trn ti vi, thng ly H1= 0.5 m. H2: Chiu cao b phn thu hi bi ,tutheo lng bi v thi gian cn thu hi,

thngLy H2 = 0 1.5 m, chn H2 =1 m.

Vy, Chiu cao thng lc: h = 2m + 0.5m + 1m = 3.5 m.

3. Trm 3 ( khu vc ha cht ) :Kh thi t khu vc ha cht c cc dung mi hu c bay hi (VOC, acetone, benzen,

toluen) gy nguy hi n sc khe ngi lao ng.

T tnh cht ca dng kh pht sinh t Khu ha cht nh trn, ta ra bin php xl, chnh l s dng thp hp ph vi vt liu hp ph l than hot tnh.

Trc ht cn hiu r bn cht ca qu trnh hp ph. Hp ph l mt qu trnh phnly kh da trn i lc ca mt s cht rn i vi mt s loi kh c mt trong hn hp kh nichung v trong kh thi ni ring, trong qu trnh th cc phn t cht kh nhim trong

kh thi b gi li trn b mt ca vt liu rn,

Quan trng nht trong qu trnh ny chnh l vic chn la vt liu hp ph cho phhp, vt liu hp ph cn phi p ng cc yu cu sau:

1. C kh nng hp ph cao tc ht c mt lng ln kh cn kh t phakh.

2. Phm vi tc dng rng khc nhiu loi kh khc nhau.3. C bn c hc cn thit4. C khnng hon nguyn d dng.5. Gi thnh r.

T tnh cht ca kh thi l nhng cht hydrocacbon, mch vngta chn than hot tnh cng knh mao qun l 0.005m c th hp ph tt cc kh c, rt nguy him i visc khe con ngi, v than hot tnh c i lc mnh i vi cc hydrocacbonMt khc ncn p ng c nhiu vn khc nh: Gi thnh tng i r, c khnng hon nguyn, bn c hc cn thit.

xut cng ngh xl:

Chn qut :

= + +

Thp hp ph bng

than hot tnh

Kh thi

Qut ht ng khi



tn tht p lc onng

tn tht p lcthit b

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Tn tht p lc on ng : 37,5kG/m2

Tn tht p lc thit b thp hp th :80kG/m2

Cng sut mi qut:

Nq =... =

.,,, = 14,6kW

Thit b xl :

Lu lng kh u vo: 16581m3/h =4,6 m3/s.Kh u vo c vn tc l v= 12 m/s

Vn tc kh qua tit din ngang l 0.8 m/s Tit din ngang ca thp: S = Lv = 4,6/0.8 = 5,75 m

2

ng knh ca thp: d =4S = 2,7m

Thp hp phc c im nh sau :

C 2 lp than hot tnh, mi lp c b dy d1 = 0.15m Khong cch gi 2 than hot tnh: d2 = 0.9m Khong cch ty thp n y lp than hot tnh th nht d3 = 0.8m

Khong cch t

m

t l

p than th

2

n mt trn c

a thp d4 = 0.3m Vy tng chiu cao ca thp hp ph l

h = 2.d1 + d2 + d3 + d4 = 2 x 0.15 + 0.9 + 0.8 + 0.3 = 2.3m

Th tch thp hp ph V = S x h = 5,75x 2.3 =13,225 m3/s

Qu trnh hon nguyn than hot tnh

Ph thng= 37,5+80=117,5kG/m2

Tra bng ph lc 5

Chn qut ly tm : 7 - 40 N 8

Hiu sut qut : = 0,4 %.S vng quay: 1000 vng/pht

Vn tc quay : 41,9m/s

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Vi nng cht nhim u vo lng than hot tnh ban u v cc iu kin lam vickhc, lp than hot tnh u c thi gian lm vic ring. Khi thi gian hp phvt qu thigian lm vic ca than hot tnh th lc cn tin hnh hon nguyn than hot tnh.

Than hot tnh c hon nguyn nhkhng kh nng. ng dn khng kh nng c b trnh hnh v. Hn hp kh sau khi hon nguyn sc dn n h thng thu hi. Nh ta

thu hi c cc ha cht v ti s dng chng.

4. Trm 4 ( khu tin phi ):Khu tin phi pht sinh bi th (100m), vi lu lng 4860 m3/h v nng bi 600mg/m3

- i chiu vi Quy chun k thut Quc gia v kh thi cng nghip i vi bi vcc cht v c QCVN 19/2009-BTNMT:


Cmax = C * Kv * Kp

Vy gii hn ti a cho php ca bi v cc cht v c trong kh thi cng nghip (loiB):

Bi

B 200Nh my, c sthuc loi B c nng pht thi bi vt qu tiu chun l khang 3,5

ln.

- Yu cu ca h thng x l l (600-200)/600 = 66,7%.

Quy trnh cng ngh :

Xyclon li-ot lc bi tay o qut ht ng khi

Chn qut :

= + +

Tn tht p lc on ng :19,85 kG/m2 Tn tht p lc thit b xyclon liot : 50 kG/m2 Tn tht p lc thit b lc bi tay o : 75 kG/m2



tn tht p lc onng

tn tht p lcthit b

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Cng sut mi qut:

Nq =... =

.,,, = 3,8kW

Trong :

K: h s d tr

i vi qut li tm c cnh un cong ra trc th c th ly K = 1.1-1.15i vi qut li tm c cnh un cong ra sau v qut trc : K = 1.05-1.1

: hiu sut ca ng c

Tnh ton thit b :

Chn xiclon : chn xiclon liot

Lu lng L =4860m3 /h v vn tc v=12m/s

Tra bng .Suy ra


ng knh ng v cyclone l D= 3,24 x d = 1,1178 m

Bng 1_ phc lc

Ph thng= 19,85+ 50+75 =144,8 kG/m2

Lu lng L=4860m3/h.

Tra bng ph lc 5

Loi qut ly tm : 7- 40 N 5

Hiu sut qut : = 0,55%.S vng quay: 1600 vng/pht

Vn tc quay : 41,9 m/s

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Chiu cao phu (Chiu cao phn nn): Lc = 4d = 1,38mng knh ng xoy: Dx = 1.9 x d = 0,66m


Lc bi ti vi :Chn vi len c nng sut lc cao, bin ng sch n nh, d phc hi bn khong67 thng hot ng lin tc.


K = 16 : 1 (TCVN 16 20/1 )





2.

Din tch b mt lc yu cu cn xl lng bi :F = L/v.h

Trong :

L =4860 m3/h (Lu lng u vo) v: Cng lc bi : v =15 - 200 m3/m2.h. Do yu cu ca loi vi v kh

nng x l m chn v khc nhau, chn v =150 m3/m2.h. h: Hiu sut lm vic ca b mt lc, thng ly h =85% .

T, suy ra:

F =4860/(150 X 0.85) = 38,1m2.

Sng tay o dng l: n = F / F1 =38,1/1,256 = 30 ng. Chn chiu di 6 ng, chiu rng 5 ng.


Chiu rng thit b:

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L = n1 X D + l1 X (n1 +1) = 5 X 0.2 +0.08 X 6 = 1,48m




Trong :

H: Chiu cao b phn lc:H = l = 2 m .

H1: Chiu cao to b phn chn ng trn ti vi, thng ly H1= 0.5 m. H2: Chiu cao b phn thu hi bi ,tutheo lng bi v thi gian cn thu

hi, thngLy H2 = 0 1.5 m, chn H2 =1 m.

Vy, Chiu cao thng lc: h = 2m + 0.5m + 1m = 3.5 m.

5. Trm 5 ( khu l hi v l than ):Kh thi ra t l hi t du FO, c nhng tnh cht v thnh phn sau y:

-Nhit khi thi: 1300C.

-Di y l bng lit k cc loi kh thi cn phi x l theo qui nh ca QCVN19/2008 BTNMT

i vi l t du FO: lu lng L =3,121m3/h

TTLoi cht thi Cmax (mg/m

3) QCVN loi B

1 Kh SO2 3013 500

2 Kh CO 640 1000

3 Kh CO2 162867Khng quy nh trong tiu

chun

4 Bi khi 1157 200

i vi l sy than cm:lu lng L=2,796m3/h

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3) QCVN loi B

1 Kh SO2 1161 500

2 Kh CO 422 1000


4 Bi khi 5165 200

Khi trn chung kh thi t l sy than v l t du FO, ta c nng cc kh thi nhbng sau:

S dng cng thc : Cmax = =


3) QCVN loi B

1 Kh SO2 2138 500

2 Kh CO 2537 1000


4 Bi khi 3051 200

Cc loi kh thi cn phi x l bao gm: Kh SO2, Kh CO, Bi khi.Quy trnh cng ngh :

Chn qut :Tn tht p sut ca tan b bung t v thit b lm mt l: P = 80kG/m2.( Trlc cathp gii nhit l 30 mmH2O = 30 (Kg/m

2)

Kh thi

Bung t Thp gii

nhit

Cyclone

Li-ot

Thp hp

th

ng

khi

Qut

ht

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Tn tht p sutca xiclonliot l: P 70kG/m2.

Tn tht p sut ca thp hp th l: P = 50kG/m2.

(Cho rng tn tht ng ng ni cc thit b so vi ton h thng l khng ng k).

Vy tn tht p sut trn ton h thng x l (h thng ng ng + thit b x l):P =128 + 80 + 70 + 50 = 328(kG/m2).

V lu lng kh thi ln nn ta chn hai qut mc song song nhau

Cng sut mi qut:

Nq =... =

.,, = 46,5kW

L tChn bung t hnh tr nm ngang.

Bung t ch yu x l CO nn nhit lm vic trong khong 680 800oC.

Thi gian lu trong bung t l 2s.

Lu lng u vo l 5,91m3/s.

Th tch bung t l: V = 2*5,91= 11,8(m3).

Chn t l L/D = 2.5, ta c V = /4*D2L = 2.5/4*D3 = 11.8.

Vy D = 1,82m; L = 4,55m.

Chiu dy thit b khang 2cm.

Thit b lm mt: ty vo thc t m la chn phng thc lm mt. Xyclon liot :Lu lng L =21301m3 /h v vn tc v=12m/s

Ph thng =128 + 80 + 70 + 50 =328(kG/m2).

Lu lng L/2=21301/2=10650,5m3/h.

Tra bng ph lc 5.

Chn qut ly tm : .7-40 N 6

Hiu sut qut : = 0,55 %.

S vng quay: 2000 vng/pht

Vn tc quay : 62,8m/s

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V lu lng ln nn ta chn hai xyclon lm vic song song nhau.

L =21301/2 =10650,5 m3/h =2,95m3/s =3m3/s.

Tra bng,Suy ra :ng knh ng dn kh vo: d= 0,545 m

ng knh ng vcyclone c tra l D= 3,24 x d = 1,77mng knh ng thot kh ra: d= 0,545mng knh x bi ( ng knh ng y) : Dd= 0.4 x d =0,218mChiu cao thn cyclone (Chiu cao ng v): Lb= 5d = 2,73mChiu cao phu (Chiu cao phn nn): Lc = 4d = 0,218mng knh ng xoy: Dx = 1.9 x d = 1,04mChiu di dng xoy (Chiu cao ng ra): S = 5d =2,73m Thp hp thChn thit b hp th dng m, c dung dch hp thu l NaOH.

Lu lng u vo l 21301m3/h (5,92m3/s).

Chn vn tc dng kh trong thp hp thu l: v = 1m/s.

ng knh thp hp th l: D = =2,75m.Cc thng s khc ly theo thc nghim nh sau:

Vt liu rng l cc ht vi c kch thc l 10 x 20mm.

Chiu cao lp vt liu tch m: 300mm.

Chiu cao lp vt liu m: 100mm.

Khang cch tli vt liu tch m n h thng phn phi nc th 1: 400mm.

Khang cch t h thng phn phi nc th1 n tm c l to si bt: 400mm.

Khang cch t tm c l to si bt n h thng phn phi nc th 2: 400mm.

Khang cch t h thng phn phi nc th2 n lp vt liu m: 400mm.

Chiu cao phn nh thp theo thc nghim: 500 mm.

Chiu cao phn y thp theo thc nghim: 1000 mm.

Chiu cao ca thp hp th: h = 300 + 100 + 400 + 400 + 400 + 400 + 500 + 1000 =3500 (mm)

ng knh ng dn kh vo thp hp thu: d = 1000mm.

ng knh ng dn kh sch thi ra mi trng: d = 1000mm.

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Thit b hp th c hiu sut x l l 80%.

Ngoi ra, ta c th trng thm cy xanh xung quanh xng lm vic va to v mquang va c kh nng gi bi v gim ting n. y ti xin xut nn trng thm cyhong nam (tn khoa hc l Polyalthia longifolia ) vi c tnh thn ct, l di tn dycho tnh nng gi bi v m thanh tt.

Chng V : Bo co, nh gi tnh kh thi cah thng.

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PH LC

Bng 1:Thng s k thut ca xyclon liot

N0ng knh

ng tr

D[mm]

ng knhng vo

d[mm]

Lu lng [m3/h]Vn tc vo

v [m/s]

Tn tht p

lc P

[Kg/m2]

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

89

10

325

456

570

655

730

780

845

9401035

1110

170

245

300

345

385

410

445

495545

585

1000 - 1500

2000 - 3000

3000 - 4500

4000 - 6000

5000 - 7500

5670 - 8500

6670 - 10.000

8830 - 12.50010000 - 15000

12000 - 17500

12 18

12 18

12 18

12 18

12 18

12 18

12 18

12 18

12 18

20 - 50

- v -

- v -

- v -

- v -

- v -

- v -

- v -- v -

- v -

Bng 2: Nng C ca bi v cc cht v c lm c stnh nng ti a cho php trong

kh thi cng nghip

QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT

TT Thng s

Nng C (mg/Nm3)

A B

1 Bi tng 400 200

2 Bi cha silic 50 50

3 Amoniac v cc hp cht amoni 76 50

4 Antimon v hp cht, tnh theo Sb 20 10

5 Asen v cc hp cht, tnh theo As 20 10

6 Cadmi v hp cht, tnh theo Cd 20 5

7 Ch v hp cht, tnh theo Pb 10 5

8 Cacbon oxit, CO 1000 1000

9 Clo 32 10

10 ng v hp cht, tnh theo Cu 20 10

11 Km v hp cht, tnh theo Zn 30 30

12 Axit clohydric, HCl 200 50

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13 Flo, HF, hoc cc hp cht v c ca Flo, tnh theo HF 50 20

14 Hydro sunphua, H2S 7,5 7,5

15 Lu hunh ioxit, SO2 1500 500

16 Nit oxit, NOx (tnh theo NO2) 1000 850

17 Nit oxit, NOx(c ssn xut ha cht), tnh theo NO2 2000 100018 Hi H2SO4 hoc SO3, tnh theo SO3 100 50

19 Hi HNO3 (cc ngun khc), tnh theo NO2 1000 500

PH LC HNH V

Hnh 1 : Chp ht

Hnh 2 : chc 3, 300

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Hnh 3:Qut ht ly tm

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Ti liu tham kho

1.Trn Ngc Chn, K thut thng gi, Nh xut bn Xy dng H Ni, 1998.

2.Trn Ng c Chn, nhim khng kh v x l kh thi tp 1-2-3, NXB Khoa hc v K

thut, 2001.

3.Hong ThHin, Hng dn thit k n mn hc v n tt nghip Thng gi nhcng nghip, NXB Xy dng H Ni, 2002.

4.Hong ThHin, Thit k thng gi cng nghip, NXB Xy dng H Ni, 2000.

5. QCVN 19/2009-BTNMT.

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