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Burns of eye and adenexa
Conjunctivitis
Corneal abrasion
Foreign body
Inflammation of eye lid
Iritis
Retinal detachment
Hyphema
Thermal burns:
Occur when a patient is burned in the face during a
fire.
Bright light:
Generally not painful.
May result in permanent damage.
Chemicals:
According to the substance and its concentration.
Superficial burns of the eye:
• May not be painful initially
• Symptoms include:
Conjunctivitis.
Redness.
Swelling.
Excessive tear production.
Assessment and management:
Assess for and treat life-threats.
May be difficult if eyes are closed
o Open the eye and irrigate with sterile water or
sterile saline solution.
o Pain may have to be managed before assessment.
Cover an eye burned by ultraviolet light with:
o Sterile, moist pad
o Eye shield
Transport in a supine position.
Chemical burns require immediate irrigation.
o Direct as much fluid as possible.
o Do not allow contaminated fluid to enter the eye.
o Irrigate for at least five minutes.
Use of the Morgan lens (eye irrigation device):
Administer a topical anesthetic.
Connect the lens to the IV bag, and let it
drip.
Slide the Morgan lens under the eyelids.
Run the fluid at the desired rate.
To remove a hard lens, use a small suction cup.
To remove soft lens, pinch between thumb and index
finger and lift off eye.
How to deal with contact lens?
Conjunctivitis
Conjunctiva becomes inflamed and red.
Often starts in one eye and spreads to the other eye.
Often caused by bacteria, viruses, allergies, or
foreign bodies.
Assessment and management:
Perform general assessment of vision.
Viral conjunctivitis resolves on its own.
Bacterial conjunctivitis: topical antibiotic.
Allergic conjunctivitis: topical antihistamine.
Corneal Abrasion
Painful.
Due to superficial trauma to
the cornea.
If discomfort does not resolve,
patient should be seen in the
emergency department.
Management:
Invert the eyelids to expose the source.
Look for a foreign body in the eye.
A topical anesthetic may relieve symptoms.
If movement of the eye causes discomfort, cover
both eyes.
Assessment and management
Evaluate the entire eye using a light.
Examine the undersurface of the upper eyelid.
• If you spot a foreign object on the surface,
attempt to remove it with a moist, cotton-tipped
applicator.
To assist with dislodging:
• Irrigate the eye with a sterile saline solution.
• Transport the patient to the hospital.
Do not remove an impaled foreign body.
Stabilize in place.
Cover with a moist, sterile dressing.
Place a protective barrier over the object.
Cover unaffected eye.
Transport promptly.
Inflammation of the Eyelid (Chalazion and Hordeolum)
Oil glands and oil ducts may
become blocked, causing:
• Chalazion: swollen bump on the
external eyelid.
• Hordeolum (stye): red tender
lump in the eyelid or the lid
margin because of inflammation
of the lash root.
Assessment and management:
Often painful especially if stye.
Treat inflammation with a warm washcloth.
Transport to the emergency department.
Iritis:
Inflammation of the iris
Acute causes include:
• Trauma.
• Irritants.
• Infection.
Chronic causes include:
• Autoimmune diseases.
Assessment and management
Red area surrounding the iris, cloudy vision, or an
unusually shaped pupil.
Focus on history.
Acute iritis: may respond to topical
corticosteroids.
Chronic iritis: should be referred to a specialist.
Retinal Detachment and Defect
Potential result of blunt eye trauma
Assessment and management:
• Generally painless
• Produces:
Flashing lights
Specks
“Floaters”
• Requires immediate medical attention.
Hyphema
Bleeding into the anterior
chamber of the eye
◦ Obscures vision
◦ Blood clotting is a concern.
◦ Can cause a rise in
intraocular pressure
Assessment and management:
Pain and blurred vision is likely.
Blood may be visible.
If rupture of the globe is suspected, take
spinal motion restriction precautions.
If no contraindications, transport upright.
Other medications with antiplatelet
effects should be avoided.
An anxiolytic may facilitate transport.