Drept Manual

8/20/2019 Drept Manual

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PROIECT FINANŢAT DE

UNIUNEA EUROPEANĂ

PRIN PROGRAMUL PHARE

Manualul a fost superv!at s e"tatMANUAL"e #atre Dl$ Guseppe Lo%&ar"o' "er"e Proe#t al (tatulu Me%&ru' s "e #atre Dl$ Mass%o Nar"o' Mana)er al UIC' #ua*utorul D+ne ,alera Rovers -UIC.$ Au #ontr&ut

Dl$ N#olae Crau -Me%&ru al Plenulu ONPC(/.' Dl$ Cornel Mol"oveanu-ONPC(/.' Dra$ Laura /anu -ONPC(/.DEs DlIN(TRUIRE$ Pero R##a-UIC.$ PRI,IND

COM/ATEREA (PALARII

/ANILOR

(I A FINANTARII

TERORI(MULUI

Manualul a fost superv!at 0 e"tat "e #1tre Dl$ Guseppe Lo%&ar"o' L"er "eProe#t al (tatulu Me%&ru 0 "e #1re Dl$ Mass%o Nar"o' Mana)er al UIC' #ua*utorul D+ne ,alera Rovers -UIC.$ Au #ontr&ut Dl$ N#olae

Crau -Me%&ru al Plenulu ONPC(/.' Dl$ Cornel Mol"oveanu -ONPC(/.' Dra$ Laura/anu -ONPC(/. 0 Dl$

Pero R##a -UIC.$

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4/152

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5/152

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(o#etatle "e valor%o&lare$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ =6

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3$ (PALAREA /ANILOR (I FINANTAREA TERORI(MULUI$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 4

3$4 FENOMENUL FINANTARII TERORI(MULUI$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 4

3$7 RELATIA DINTRE (PALAREA /ANILOR

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3$; PRINCIPALELE (UR(E DE FINANTARE A TERORI(MULUI$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ;

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446

ADRE(EE/ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

446

Insttut nternatonale %pl#ate n #o%&aterea spalar &anlor s a :nantarterors%ulu $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

446

Untat Natonale "e Anal!a Fnan#ara NatonalaBA)ent "ere)le%entare$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

446

INTRODUCERE

Pre!entul Manual "e Instrure rev!ueste' a#tual!ea!a s etn"e "o#u%entulela&orat n anul 7887' n #a"rul Proe#tulu PHARE RO+I/BH+87$

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In #on#or"anta #u "o#u%entul anteror' a#esta este un Manual "e Instrurespe#al!at' un nstru%ent utl "e #onsultareJ pentru o paleta etnsa "e nsttuts profesonst n "o%enul #o%&ater spalar &anlor s a :nantar terors%ulu"n Ro%ana$ Manualul nu tre&ue per#eput #a avan" un #ara#ter operatonalJ'a"#a un "o#u%ent #are nstruesteJ utl!atorul n le)atura #u %eto"olo)a "e

trann)' #urr#ula et#' pentru #a nu tratea!a operatunle pe #are :e#arensttute este autor!ata sa le efe#tue!e #onfor% le) ro%ane' n pro&le%at#a#o%&ater spalar &anlor s a :nantar terors%ulu s' "e ase%enea' nu epunepro#e"urle pe #are :e#are nsttute le apl#a ntr+o %o"altate propre n"o%enul spalar &anlor s al :nantar terors%ulu$

Manualul "e Instrure a fost #on#eput pentru a spr*n nsttutle pu&l#e'autortatle "e suprave)ere' autortatle responsa&le #u apl#area le) et#$'a#tor #are *oa#a un rol a#tv n #o%&aterea spalar &anlor @ pentru a+s "esfasura a#tvtatea n %o" e:#ent s n #onfor%tate #u le)ea$

(#opul nostru este sa ofer% ee%plul unor polt# stan"ar"' pro#e"ur s%aterale "e nstrure #are sunt "estnate sa a*ute la ntele)erea a#tvtatlornfra#tonale n "o%enu s la a&or"area etapelor ne#esare pentru #o%&aterea sl%tarea efe#telor a#estora$

I"eea pr%e e"t a Manualulu a fost sa ofere un nstru%ent "e lu#ru s%plupentru n#epator$

A% #onvent #a Manualul tre&ue sa a&a o "estnate a&solut pra#t#a' "e vre%e#e va "even pun#tul "e refernta n a#tvtatea "e ! #u ! a fun#tonarlor s

an)a*atlor "n nsttutle #arora l se a"resea!a$A% "e#s' "e#' sa n#lu"e% n a#est Manual' %ateralele estente potrvtepentru a ofer nfor%at n le)atura #u aspe#tele #ele %a relevante pentruprevenrea s #o%&aterea spalar &anlor s a :nantar terors%ulu prn #tareaa#estora$ Materalele au fost puse la "spo!te prn surse o:#ale' provenn" "npartea nsttutlor nternatonale s a or)an!atlor partenere n Proe#tul "e

Tnnn)$ Fe#are sursa este nsotta "e epl#atle #orespun!atoare$

Cons"era% a#est Manual #a pe o #arte "e #apata a pra#t#enlor ofertapra#t#enlor$

Guseppe Lo%&ar"o Du%tru Cs%aru

L"er "e Proe#t al (tatulu Me%&ruL"er "e Proe#t al TarCan""ate

Me%&ru al Plenulu ONPC(/

Repre!entant al P$I$C$C$$

3

4$ CE E(TE (PALAREA /ANILOR5

(ursa9


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GAFI+ Ce nsea%na spalarea "e &an @ E"te

Rev!uta' O#to%&re 788;

Proe#t PHARE RO+I/BH+87 @ Manual "e n+ strure prvn" #o%&aterea spalar

&anlor @ 7887Proe#t PHARE RO87+I/BH+86 @ G"ul "e Tran!a#t (uspe#te @ E"ta Rev!uta'(epte%+ &re 788<

(palarea &anlor este partea :nan#ara "e fa#to a tuturor nfra#tunlor prn #arese o&tne pro:t$ Este pro#esul prn #are nfra#tor n#ear#a sa as#un"a or)nea sposesa reala a venturlor provenn" "n a#tvtatle lor #r%nale$

Da#a este n#ununata #u su##es' a#easta a#tvtate va per%te %entnerea#ontrolulu asupra a#estor ventur s' n ult%a nstanta' va ofer o a#operrele)t%a pentru sursa venturlor lor$

(#opul unu %are nu%ar "e a#tvtat nfra#tonale este )enerarea "e pro:tpentru n"v"ul sau )rupul #are savarseste nfra#tunea$ (palarea &anlorrepre!nta pro#esarea a#estor re!ultate ale nfra#un #u s#opul "e a le as#un"eor)nea le)ala$ A#est pro#es are o %portanta #rt#a' pentru #a oferanfra#torulu pos&ltatea "e a se &u#ura "e pro"usele nfra#tun fara a le"e!valu provenenta$

,an!arle le)ale "e ar%e' #ontra&an"a' s a#tvtatle #r%e or)an!ate' n#lusv'"e ee%plu' tra:#ul "e "ro)ur s retelele "e prosttute' pot )enera su%e urase$

Delap"area' ns"er tra"n)' %ta s s#e%ele "e frau"a pe #o%puter pot' "ease%enea' pro"u#e %ar pro:tur s #rea fa#ltat n #eea #e prveste le)t%area#ast)urlor %ur"are o&tnute prn spalarea &anlor$

Atun# #an" o a#tvtate nfra#tonala )enerea!a pro:tur su&stantale' n"v"ulsau )rupul %pl#at tre&ue sa )aseas#a o #ale "e a #ontrola fon"urle fara aatra)e atenta asupra a#tvtat "n #are provn sau asupra persoanelor %pl#ate$Infra#tor reuses# a#est lu#ru as#un!an" sursele' s#%&an"u+le for%a' sau"re#tonan" fon"urle #atre un lo# un"e este %a putn pos&l #a a#estea saatra)a atenta$

(palarea &anlor este un pro#es prn #are se "a o aparenta "e le)altate unorpro:tur o&tnute le)al "e #atre nfra#tor #are' fara a : #o%pro%s' &ene:#a!aulteror "e su%ele o&tnute$

Este un pro#es "na%#' n tre etape' #are ne#esta n pr%ul ran" + %s#areafon"urlor o&tnute n %o" "re#t "n nfra#tun n al "olea ran" + as#un"ereaur%elor &anlor pentru a se evta or#e tp "e nvest)ate n al trelea ran" +"spon&l!area &anlor pentru nfra#tor' as#un!an"u+se "n nou or)neao#upatonala s )eo)ra:#a a fon"urlor$

A. De:nrea spalar &anlor n le)slata Ro%ane9 Le)ea =B7887' art$ 4 lt$ a.9

Prn spalarea &anlor se ntele)e nfra#tunea preva!uta la Art#olul 7;$


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•Infra#tun preva!ute n art$ 7;9

6

a.s#%&area sau transferul "e &unur' #unos#an" #a provn "n savarsrea "e

nfra#tun' n s#opul as#un"er sau al "s%ular or)n l#te a a#estor &unursau n s#opul "e a a*uta persoana #are a savarst nfra#tunea "n #are provn&unurle sa se sustra)a "e la ur%arre' *u"e#ata sau ee#utarea pe"epse

&.as#un"erea sau "s%ularea a"evarate natur a provenente' a stuar' a"spo!te' a #r#ulate sau a propretat &unurlor or a "repturlor asupraa#estora' #unos#an" #a &unurle provn "n savarsrea "e nfra#tun

#."o&an"rea' "etnerea sau folosrea "e &unur' #unos#an" #a a#estea provn "nsavarsrea "e nfra#tun$

•Persoanele :!#e s *ur"#e preva!ute "e Art#olul 69a.&an#le' su#ursalele &an#lor strane s nsttutle "e #re"t

&.nsttutle :nan#are

#.so#etatle "e as)urar s reas)urar

".a)ent e#ono%# #are "esfasoara a#tvtat "e *o#ur "e noro#' a%anet'van!ar+ #u%parar "e o&e#te "e arta' %etale s petre pretoase' "ealer' turs%'prestar "e serv# s or#e alte a#tvtat s%lare #are %pl#a punerea n#r#ulate a valorlor

e.persoanele :!#e s *ur"#e #are a#or"a asstenta "e spe#altate *ur"#a'notarala' #onta&la' :nan#ar+&an#ara' #u respe#tarea "spo!tlor le)ale prvn"se#retul profesonal

f.persoanele #u atr&ut n pro#esul "e prvat!are

).o:#le postale s persoanele *ur"#e #are prestea!a serv# "e trans%tere "e&an' n le sau n valuta

.a)ent %o&lar

.#asele "e s#%& valutar

*.or#e alta persoana :!#a sau *ur"#a' pentru a#te s fapte savarste n afarasste+ %ulu :nan#ar+&an#ar$

/. De:nrea spalar &anlor n le)slata Unun Europene9 Dre#tvele Conslulu4B;86BEEC "n 48 Iune 44 s 7884B3BEC "n < De#e%&re 78849

(palarea &anlorJ nsea%na ur%atoarea a#tune' atun# #an" este savarsta #untente9

a.transfor%area sau transferarea "e propretate' #unos#an" #a o astfel "epropretate provne "ntr+o a#tvtate nfra#tonala sau "ntr+un a#t "e part#pare


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la o astfel "e a#tvtate' n s#opul as#un"er sau "s%ular or)n l#te apropretat sau n s#opul spr*nr or#are persoane %pl#ate n #o%terea uneastfel "e a#tvtat' pentru a se sustra)e "e la #onse#ntele le)ale ale a#tunlorsale

&.as#un"erea sau "s%ularea natur' surse' a%plasar' "spuner' %s#ar'"rep+ turlor reale #u prvre la propretate sau la posesa a#estea' #unos#an" #ao astfel "e propretate provne "ntr+o a#tvtate nfra#tonala

#."o&an"rea' posesa sau folosrea une propretat' #unos#an"' la "ata pr%r'#a o astfel "e propretate provne "ntr+o a#tvtate nfra#tonala sau "ntr+un a#t"e part#+ pare la o ase%enea a#tvtate

".part#parea' aso#erea' tentatva "e #o%tere s spr*nrea' n#ura*area'nlesnrea' sfaturea n ve"erea #o%ter or#area "ntre a#tunle %entonate nalneatele anteroare$J

7$ ETAPE ALE (PALARII /ANILOR

(ursa9

GAFI @ Cu% sunt spalat &an @ E"te rev!uta o#to%&re 788;

Proe#t PHARE RO+I/BH+87 @ Manual "e nstru+ re prvn" #o%&aterea spalar&anlor @ 7887

Proe#t PHARE RO87+I/BH+86 @ G"ul "e

Tran!a#t (uspe#te @ E"ta Rev!uta (ept 788<

Nu esta o sn)ura %eto"a "e spalare a &anlor$ Meto"ele pot vara "e la#u%pararea s vn"erea unu o&e#t "e lu -"e e$ o %asna sau o &*utere. panala tre#erea &anlorprntr+o retea #o%plea nternatonala' "e afa#er le)ale s prn#o%pan s#o#aJ -#o%pan #are esta nu%a #a persoane *ur"#e fara a "etnea#tvtat #o%er#ale sau a "esfasura afa#er.$ Intal' n #a!ul tra:#ulu "e "ro)ursau altor nfra#tun #u% ar : #ontra&an"a' furtul' santa*ul et#$' fon"urlere!ultate au' n %o" #urent' for%a &anlor l#! #are tre&ue sa :e ntro"us prnor#e %eto"a n sste%ul :nan#ar$

Operatunle &an#are tra"tonale "e #onstture a "epo!telor sau "e transfer al&anlor s sste%ele "e #re"tare ofera un %e#ans% vtal pentru spalarea &anlor'n spe#al' n fa!a ntala "e ntro"u#ere a nu%erarulu n sste%ul :nan#ar$

In #u"a varetat %eto"elor foloste' pro#esul "e spalare a &anlor se real!ea!an tre etape #are pot #uprn"e nu%eroase tran!a#t efe#tuate "e spalator "e&an' tran!a#t #are sunt "e natura sa alerte!e nsttutle :nan#are asupraa#tvtatlor nfra#tonale' respe#tv9

4$ Plasarea9


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Repre!nta s#apareaJ' la propru' "e nu%erar o&tnut "n a#tvtatea le)ala'pentru separarea fon"urlor provente "n surse l#te' #are ar putea :suprave)eate "e or)anele "e apl#are a le)$

In etapa ntala sau "e plasare n spalarea &anlor' nfra#torul ntro"u#e pro:tul

sau le)al n sste%ul :nan#ar$ A#easta se poate fa#e prn %partrea su%elor%ar "e nu%erar n su%e %a %# s %a putn suspe#te #are sunt apo"epo!tate "re#t ntr+un #ont &an#ar sau prn #u%pararea unu nu%ar "enstru%ente :nan#are -#e#ur' &lete la or"n et#. #are sunt apo #ole#tate s"epo!tate n #ontur "ntr+o alta lo#ate$

7$ (trat:#area9

Dupa ntrarea fon"urlor n sste%ul :nan#ar' are lo# a "oua etapa + strat:#area$Repre!nta pro#esul "e %s#are a &anlor ntre "ferte #ontur pentru a leas#un"e or)nea$

In a#easta etapa' spalatorul "e &an ntrerprn"e o sere "e pres#%&ar sau%s#ar ale fon"urlor pentru a le n"eparta "e sursa "n #are provn$ Fon"urlepot : n"reptate #atre #u%pararea s van!area "e nstru%ente "e nvestt' sauspalatorul poate' pur s s%plu' sa tr%ta fon"urle prn transfer ele#tron# ntr+o sere "e #ontur "n "verse &an# "e pe ntre) )lo&ul$ Utl!area a %a %ulte#ontur n"epartate "n pun#t "e ve"ere )eo)ra:#' n s#opul

48

spalar &anlor' este' n spe#al' folosta n a#ele *urs"#t #are nu #ooperea!a n

an#etele pentru #o%&aterea spalar &anlor$ In anu%te stuat' spalator "e&an pot "e)!a transfe+ rurle #a :n" plat pentru &unur s serv#' n a#estfel "an"u+le o aparenta le)t%a$

(epararea venturlor l#te "e sursa lor prn #rearea unor stratur #o%plee "etran+ !a#t :nan#are proe#tate pentru a nsela or)anele "e #ontrol s pentru aas)ura anon%atul$

;$ Inte)rarea9

Dupa #e a tre#ut #u su##es pro"usele nfra#tun prn pr%ele "oua etape ale

pro#esulu "e spalare a &anlor' spalatorul "e &an tre#e apo n a trea etapa@nte)rarea @ n #are fon"urle rentra n #r#utul e#ono%# le)al$ (palatorul poateale)e apo sa nvesteas#a fon"urle pe pata %o&lara' a &unurlor "e lu sau aafa#erlor$

Da#a pro#esul "e strat:#are are su##es' s#e%ele "e nte)rare vor tr%te "nnou re!ultatele spalar n #r#utul e#ono%#' n asa fel n#at ele vor rentra nsste%ul :nan#ar aparan" #a fon"ur nor%ale s #urateJ o&tnute "n a#tvtat#o%er#ale$

Ce tre pas "e &a!a se pot #onsttu n fa!e separate s "stn#te$ E pot aparea

nsa s s%ultan sau' %a o&snut' se pot suprapune$ Felul n #are sunt folost


16/152

pas "e &a!a "epn"e "e %e#ans%ele "e spalare "spon&le s "e #ernteleor)an!atlor #r%nale$

In #a"rul pro#esulu "e spalare a &anlor s+au "ent:#at anu%te pun#tevulnera&le' pun#te ":#l "e evtat "e #atre spalatorul "e &an s' n #onse#nta'

usor "e re#unos#ut' respe#tv9

•plasarea nu%erarulu n sste%ul :nan#ar

•tre#erea nu%erarulu peste frontere

•transferarea nu%erarulu n s "nspre sste%ul :nan#ar$

;$ NECE(ITATEA DE A COM/ATE (PALAREA /ANILOR

(ursa9

Proe#t PHARE RO+I/BH+87 @ Manual "e n+ strure prvn" #o%&aterea spalar&anlor @ 7887

Proe#t PHARE RO87+I/BH+86 @ G"ul "e Tran!a#t (uspe#te @ E"ta Rev!uta(epte%+ &re 788<

GAFI + e& (te + Do#u%ente

Confernta Internatonala "n /u#urest

Co%&aterea spalar &anlor s :nantar terors%ulu9 nte)rarea sste%elor

natonalentr+un #a"ru )lo&al #onsstentJ @ /u#urest'4


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,an!arle le)ale "e ar%e' #ontra&an"a' s a#tvtatle #r%e or)an!ate' n#lusv'"e ee%plu' tra:#ul "e "ro)ur s retelele "e prosttute' pot )enera su%e urase$Delap"area' ns"er tra"n)' %ta s s#e%ele "e frau"a pe #o%puter pot "ease%enea pro"u#e %ar pro:tur s #rea fa#ltat n #eea #e prveste le)t%area#ast)urlor %ur"are o&tnute prn spalarea &anlor$

Atun# #an" o a#tvtate nfra#tonala )enerea!a pro:tur su&stantale' n"v"ulsau )rupul %pl#at tre&ue sa )aseas#a o #ale "e a #ontrola fon"urle fara aatra)e atenta asupra a#tvtat "n #are provn sau asupra persoanelor %pl#ate$Infra#tor tre&ue sa "e)!e!e sursele' sa le s#%&e for%a' sau sa "re#tone!efon"urle #atre un lo# un"e este %a putn pos&l #a a#estea sa atra)a atenta$

A&ltatea "e a spala re!ultatele a#tvtat #r%nale prn sste%ul :nan#ar estevtala pentru su##esul a#tvtatlor nfra#tonale$ Ce %pl#at n astfel "e a#tvtatau nevoe sa eploate!e fa#ltatle oferte "e se#torul :nan#ar %on"al "a#a vorsa &ene:#e!e "e re!ultatele a#tvtatlor lor$

Inte)rarea #res#uta a sste%elor :nan#are %on"ale s n"epartarea &arerelorpuse n fata %s#ar l&ere a #aptalulu au #res#ut usurnta #u #are &an ne)rpot : spalat s #o%pl#a pro#esul "e ur%arre a &anlor$ Ult%ele ten"nte auev"entat faptul #a spalator "e &an s "re#tonea!a "n #e n %a %ulteforturle pentru an)a*area unor nter%e"ar non+ &an#ar s non+:nan#ar$ Astfel' lupta %potrva spalar &anlor s nvesteste n#re"erea n#onstent!area une )a%e lar) "e persoane *ur"#e #are nu sunt nu%a #ele "nse#torul &an#ar sau :nan#ar$

Este nor%al #a spalator "e &an sa n#er#e sa s %ute fon"urle s operatunle"n tar #u le)slate #o%pleta n #entre osore s n tar #u e#ono%e n#penta$E#ono%le n#pente nu nu%a #a nu au "e lo# sau au o le)slate %a sla&"e!voltata n prvnta #o%&ater spalar &anlor n anu%te se#toare' #u% ar :valorle %o&lare sau as)urarle' per%tan" plasarea relatv fa#la a fon"urlor%ur"are' "ar au n %o" o&snut rate nalte "e #restere e#ono%#a "e #arespalator "e &an pot pro:ta$ Ma %ult' a#este e#ono% fa# %ar efortur saatra)a nvestt strane' ar spalator "e &an pot o&tne pro:lul respe#ta&l alnvesttorlor nternatonal s #ar pot &ene:#a "e fa#ltat e#ono%#e$

As)urarea nte)rtat pete

Folosrea sste%elor :nan#ar &an#are n s#opul spalar &anlor #on"u#e lasu&%narea nsttutlor :nan#are n"v"uale s n #ele "n ur%a a ntre)ulusste% :nan#ar$

Afa#er nterne

Da#a nu este #ontrolat' pro#esul "e spalare a &anlor poate su&%na eforturle"epuse pentru estenta unor pete l&ere s #o%pettve' s afe#tea!a"e!voltarea une e#ono% sanatoase$

E#ono%le #u #entre :nan#are n #restere sau n "e!voltare' "ar #u sste%e "e#ontrol nea"e#vate sunt' n %o" spe#al' %a vulnera&le "e#at #entrele


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:nan#are sta&le ale tarlor #are %ple%entea!a polt# e:#ente "e #o%&atere aspalar &anlor$

Dferentele "ntre sste%ele natonale "e #o%&atere a spalar &anlor vor :eploatate "e #atre nfra#tor' #are tn" sa s %ute retelele #atre tar s sste%e

:nan#are #u #ontra%asur sla&e sau ne:#ente$

47

Pe lan)a nte)rtatea afe#tata a nsttute :nan#are n"v"uale' esta s efe#tula"vers asupra nvesttlor strane "re#te atun# #an" se#toarele :nan#are s#o%er#ale ale une tar sunt per#epute #a :n" #ontrolate s nuentate "e #atre#r%naltatea or)an!ata$

(palarea &anlor repre!nta un fa#tor %a*or "e #onta%nare a ntre) e#ono%9a#est feno%en poate ero"a nte)rtatea nsttutlor :nan#are ale une tar prnnuentarea #erer "e nu%erar' nvelulu rate "o&an! s rate "e s#%& valutars' n a#elas t%p' poate )enera nate$

Prn pro#e"eele lor l#te' nfra#tor pot nvest n se#toare ale e#ono%e un"ea#tvele pot : utl!ate ulteror #a %asn "e spalare a &anlor$ In plus' ntr+o e#ono%e n #are tenolo)a avansata s )lo&al!area per%t transferul rap" "efon"ur' lpsa "e #ontrol asupra spalar "e su%e %ar "e &an poate su&%nasta&ltatea :nan#ara$ Ma %ult' ntr+o tara #u o stuate :nan#ara pre#ara's#oaterea a %loane s #ar %lar"e "e "olar anual "n pro#esul nor%al "e

#restere e#ono%#a repre!nta un real per#ol$

(palarea &anlor orentea!a &an "n e#ono%a le)ala s plasea!a' prnnvestt' n e#ono%a le)ala' &a!an"u+se pe #apa#tatea s perfor%antasste%ulu :nan#ar "e a transfera #aptal s a#tve n #anttat %ar s n t%ps#urt$

Reputata

(trate)le "e spalare a &anlor n#lu" tran!a#t #are' prn volu%' sunt foartepro:+ ta&le' s "e# atra#tve pentru nsttutle :nan#are le)ale sau alte

persoane *ur"#e foloste #a nter%e"ar "e #atre persoanele :!#e #are "ores#sa transfor%e fon"urle %ur"areJ n fon"ur #urateJ$

E#ono%le n #urs "e "e!voltare tre&ue sa se prote*e!e %potrva spalar &anloratat "n nteror' #at s "n eteror$ Lupta nterna %potrva spalar &anlornsea%na lupta %po+ trva #orupte' a prvat!ar frau"uloase' a frau"e &an#ares a eva!un :s#ale$ Co%&aterea plasa%entulu fon"urlor spalate la nvelnternatonal a*uta la prote*area afa#erlor nterne s a #etatenlor %potrva#on#urente neloale a spalatorlor "e &an s a or)an!atlor "e :nantare aterors%ulu$ Tarle n #urs "e "e!voltare tre&ue' "e ase%enea' sa evte sa :e

plasate pe lsta


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GAFI a *urs"#tlor ne#ooperanteJ s sa :e supuse san#tunlor e#ono%#e spolt#e$

(u##esul s sta&ltatea pe ter%en lun) a or#are nsttut :nan#are "epn"e "eatra)erea s pastrarea fon"urlor #ast)ate n %o" le)t%$

/an #ast)at n %o" frau"ulos au' nvara&l' o natura tran!tore$ E str#areputata s "es#ura*ea!a pe nvesttorul #nstt$ Insttuta :nan#ara #are se%pl#a ntr+un s#an"al "e spalare a &anlor va rs#a a#u!area n nstanta sper"erea &une reputat pe pata$

Reputata prvn" nte)rtatea este una "n valorle #ele %a %portante ale unensttut :nan#are$ Asa #u% s+a su&lnat "e #atre GAFI4' "a#a fon"urleprovente "n nfra#tun pot : usor pro#esate n #a"rul une nsttut "n se#torulprvat @ :e "n #au!a #a an)a*at sa sau "re#tor au pr%t %ta sau "n #au!a#a nsttuta n#"e o# n fata natur l#te a unor astfel "e fon"ur @ nsttuta

poate : %pl#ata ntr+o #o%pl#tate a#tva #u nfra#tor s poate : parte npropra sa retea #r%nala9 ev"enta une astfel "e #o%pl#tat va avea efe#te"aunatoare asupra attu"n nter%e"arlor :nan#ar s a autortatlor "ere)le%entare' "ar s asupra #lentlor lor o&snut$

Dn pun#tul "e ve"ere al unor eventuale #onse#nte ne)atve la nvel%a#roe#ono%# "atorate unu feno%en "e spalare a &anlor ne#ontrolat' Fon"ulMonetar Internatonal a #tat s#%&ar nepl#a&le a #erer "e %asa %onetara'rs#ur pru"entale fata "e sta&ltatea sste%ulu &an#ar' efe#te "e #onta%narefata "e tran!a#tle :nan#are le)ale s #resterea

4 GAFI este un or)ans% %ult+"s#plnar #are "u#e o polt#a #o%una "e"o%nate a le) s "e %ple%entare le)slatva s :nan#ara "e #atre epertstatelor %e%&re$ Grupul %ontor!ea!a pro)resul n %ple%entarea %asurlor "e#o%&atere a spalar &anlor reevaluea!a s raportea!a evolutle' ten#les #ontra+%asurle prvn" spalarea &anlor pro%ovea!a a"optarea s%ple%entarea stan"ar"elor )lo&ale GAFI prvn" #o%&aterea spalar &anlor$

4;

volatltat uurlor nternatonale "e #aptal s a rate "e s#%& valutar

"atorata nean+ t#par real!ar transferurlor "e &unur peste )ranta$Eperenta a#u%ulata "e retelele #r%e or)an!ate este re"uta&la$ In#onse#nta' se %pune #ola&orarea stransa a or)anelor s or)ans%elor a&ltatesa lupte %potrva a#estora' pentru prevenrea )eneral!ar feno%enulu "espalare a &anlor$ In #a! #ontrar' esta rs#ul' "elo# ne)l*a&l' #a &an spalat sa"evna %otorulJ e#ono%e s sa+s %puna proprle re)ulJ' #eea #e nsea%na"e fapt su&%narea sau #ar "es:ntarea autortat statale s "o%+ naar&trarulu "e tp %a:ot$


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Fon"ul Monetar Internatonal9 I%pl#atle %a#roeno%#e ale spalar &anlor +4

Proe#t PHARE RO+I/BH+87 @ Manual "e nstrure prvn" #o%&aterea spalar&anlor @ 7887

Proe#t PHARE RO87+I/BH+86 @ G"ul "e Tran!a#t (uspe#te @ E"ta Rev!uta'(ep+ te%&re 788<

Nu esta lteratura "e spe#altate n le)atura #u efe#tele %a#roe#ono%#e alespalar &anlor n sne$ Totus' #ateva stu" e%pr#e %preuna #u &ne#unos#utulrol ne)atv al spalar &anlor prn a#tvtat nfra#tonale s le)ale su)erea!ale)atura stransa a "s#utlor a#estor efe#te n stu"le "spon&le asupranfra#tonaltat s e#ono%e su&terane$ Totus' avan" n ve"ere a#este stu"'"s#uta este l%tata s ntr+o oare#are %asura spe#ulatva$

Cateva stu" ntro"u# a#tvtatea su&terana sau le)ala n %o"ele%a#roe#ono%#e s%ple$ Houston -48. "e!volta un %o"el %a#ro teoret# al#r#utulu afa#erlor s al le)atur polt#lor :s#ale s %onetare #u e#ono%asu&

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