ĐTM gạch Tuynel ngay 4.12

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

MC LCMC LC.........................................................................................................1 DANH MC CC BNG.................................................................................6 DANH MC CC HNH.................................................................................8 DANH MC CC CH VIT TT................................................................9 M U.........................................................................................................10 1. XUT X CA D N..............................................................................10 2. CN C PHP LUT V K THUT THC HIN NH GI TC NG MI TRNG (TM)............................................................................11 2.1. Cn c php lut......................................................................................11 2.1.1 C s php l tin hnh nh gi tc ng mi trng..............................11 2.2. C s k thut...........................................................................................12 2.2.1. Ngun d liu d n lp................................................................................12 2.2.2. Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho..................................................................12 2.2.3. Cc tiu chun, quy chun mi trng Vit Nam p dng.............................13 2.3. K thut v phng php p dng trong qu trnh thc hin TM........14 3. T CHC THC HIN XY DNG BO CO TM..........................14 CHNG 1.....................................................................................................17 M T TM TT D N............................................................................17 1.1. TN D N..............................................................................................17 1.2. CH U T..........................................................................................17 1.3. V TR A L CA D N..................................................................17 1.4. NI DUNG CH YU CA D N.......................................................18 1.4.1. Hin trng s dng khu t....................................................................18 1.4.2. Mc tiu, tnh cht ca d n.................................................................18 1.4.2.1. Mc tiu ca D n.............................................................................18 1.4.2,2 C s la chn phng n u t........................................................18 1.4.2.3 Phng n u t.................................................................................18 1.4.3. Cng sut v chng loi sn phm..........................................................19 1.4.3.1 Cng sut d n...................................................................................19 1.4.3.2 Chng loi sn phm............................................................................19 1.4.4. Nhu cu nguyn liu, in, nc, nhin liu...........................................19 1.4.4.1 Nhu cu nguyn liu.............................................................................19n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM 1


1.4.4.2. Nhu cu cung cp nc..............................................................................20 1.4.4.2. Ngun tip nhn nc ma v nc thi sinh hot.....................................20 1.4.4.4. Thit k cp in........................................................................................20 1.4.4.5 Nhu cu nhin liu................................................................................21 1.5 QUY TRNH CNG NGH V THIT B CA D N.........................21 1.5.1 Quy trnh cng ngh................................................................................21 1.5.1.1. Khai thc v d tr nguyn liu..................................................................23 1.5.1.2 Gia cng nguyn liu v to hnh sn phm ..............................................23 1.5.1.3. Phi sn phm mc .................................................................................23 1.5.1.4 Sy nung sn phm trong l nung tuynel ..................................................24 1.5.1.5. Ra l, phn loi sn phm .......................................................................24 1.5.2 Thit b, hng mc sn xut.....................................................................24 1.5.2.1 Thit b phc v cho d n...........................................................................24 1.5.2.2 Cc hng mc xy dng cng trnh..............................................................26 1.6 NHU CU LAO NG CHO D N...................................................27 1.7 NHU CU VN CHO D N................................................................27 1.8.TIN THC HIN D N..............................................................27 CHNG 2.....................................................................................................28 IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T - X HI KHU VC CA D N................................................................................................28 2.1. IU KIN T NHIN V MI TRNG.........................................31 2.1.1.iu kin a l a cht..............................................................................28 2.1.1.1. a hnh......................................................................................................28 2.1.1.2. a cht......................................................................................................28 2.1.2. iu kin v kh tng thy vn...........................................................29 2.1.2.1. c im kh tng....................................................................................29 2.1.3. iu kin thy vn........................................................................................29 2.1.4 Hin trng mi trng v ti nguyn khu vc d n.......................................29 2.1.4.1. Hin trng mi trng khng kh ting n...............................................29 2.1.4.2 Hin trng cht lng nc mt..................................................................31 2.1.4.3 Cht lng nc ngm................................................................................32 2.1.4.4. Hin trng cht lng mi trng t.................................................32 2.2. IU KIN KINH T X HI.........................................................33 2.2.1. Thc trng pht trin kinh t..........................................................................33 2.2.1.1 Tnh hnh pht trin chung...........................................................................33n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM 2


2.2.2 Tnh hnh vn ha, x hi...............................................................................34 2.2.2.1 Trong lnh vc gio dc........................................................................34 2.2.2.2 Cng tc y t................................................................................................34 CHNG 3.....................................................................................................35 NH GI TC NG MI TRNG......................................................35 3.1. NGUN TC NG.............................................................................35 3.1.1. Cc ngun gy tc ng trong giai on san lp mt bng v xy dng cng trnh..............................................................................................................35 3.1.1.1.Cc ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi.....................................35 3.1.1.2. Cc ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi..............................36 3.1.2. Cc ngun gy tc ng trong giai on hot ng.................................37 3.1.2.1. Cc ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi....................................37 3.1.2.2. Cc ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi..............................39 3.1.3. S c mi trng....................................................................................39 3.1.3.1. Nhng ri ro trong giai on thi cng xy dng.........................................39 3.1.3.2. Nhng ri ro trong giai on hot ng.....................................................40 3.2. I TNG, QUY M B TC NG.............................................40 3.2.1. i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on thi cng xy dng..........40 3.2.2. i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on vn hnh hot ng.......43 3.3. NH GI TC NG MI TRNG............................................43 3.3.1. nh gi tc ng mi trng trong giai on xy dng.........................43 3.3.1.1. Tc ng ca cc ngun gy nhim mi trng khng kh................42 3.3.1.2 Tc ng ca cc ngun gy nhim mi trng nc........................49 3.3.1.3 Tc ng ca cc ngun gy nhim mi trng t...........................53 3.3.1.4 Cc tc ng khc................................................................................55 3.3.1.5 Tc ng v kinh t x hi....................................................................55 3.3.1.6 nh gi tng hp cc tc ng mi trng do cc hot ng trong giai on thi cng xy dng d n................................................................................56 3.3.2. nh gi tc ng mi trng trong giai on hot ng........................57 3.3.2.1 Tc ng ca cc ngun gy nhim mi trng khng kh, ting n. .57 3.3.2.2 Tc ng ca cc ngun gy nhim mi trng nc........................62 3.3.2.3 Tc ng ca cc ngun pht sinh cht thi rn...................................66 3.3.2.4 Tc ng v kinh t - x hi..................................................................67 3.3.2.5 nh gi s c mi trng khi d n i vo hot ng........................68 3.3.2.6 nh gi tng hp cc tc ng mi trng trong giai on hot ng ca d n...............................................................................................................69 3.4 NH GI V PHNG PHP S DNG TRONG BO CO.....69 3.4.1. Cc phng php s dng nh gi tc ng mi trng...................69n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM 3


3.4.2. nh gi tin cy ca cc phng php...............................................70 CHNG 4.....................................................................................................72 BIN PHP GIM THIU NHNG TC NG C HI, PHNG NGA V NG PH S C MI TRNG..................................................72 4.1. KHNG CH V GIM THIU NHIM TRONG GIAI ON XY DNG.........................................................................................................72 4.1.1.Khng ch v gim thiu tc ng do san lp mt bng v xy dng cng trnh 72 4.1.2 Khng ch v gim thiu tc ng do vn chuyn nguyn vt liu, thit b.....72 4.1.3 Khng ch v gim thiu tc ng do hot ng d tr v bo qun nguyn nhin liu......................................................................................................................73 4.1.4 Khng ch v gim thiu tc ng do sinh hot ca cng nhn ti cng trnh..73 4.1.5 Cc bin php an ton lao ng......................................................................73 4.2.CC BIN PHP KHNG CH V GIM THIU NHNG TC NG C HI TRONG GIAI ON HOT NG...........................................74 4.2.1 Khng ch nhim khng kh........................................................................74 4.2.1.1 Khng ch bi khu vc nh my...............................................................74 4.1.1.2 Khng ch nhim khng kh trong qu trnh vn chuyn sn phm...........75 4.2.1.3 Khng ch nhim khng kh trong qu trnh sn xut gch................76 4.2.2.Cc bin php khng ch v gim thiu nhim mi trng nc.................80 4.2.2.1 Nc ma chy trn....................................................................................80 4.2.2.2 Nc thi sinh hot.....................................................................................80 4.2.2.3.Nc thi sn xut.......................................................................................82 4.2.3 Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng do cht thi rn................................82 4.3. CC BIN PHP PHNG NGA V NG PH S C MI TRNG.............................................................................................................83 4.3.1 Cc bin php v an ton lao ng...........................................................83 4.3.2 Phng nga v ng ph s c chy n.....................................................84 4.3.3 Phng chng st.......................................................................................85 4.3.4 Phng chng r r nguyn nhin liu........................................................85 CHNG 5.....................................................................................................86 CC CNG TRNH X L MI TRNG,CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG....................................................................86n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM 4


5.1. DANH MC CC CNG TRNH X L MI TRNG..............86 5.1.1. Trong giai on xy dng.......................................................................86 5.1.2 Trong giai on hot ng..............................................................................86 5.2. CHNG TRNH QUN L MI TRNG..........................................86 5.2.1 Chng trnh qun l mi trng...................................................................86 5.2.2 Kinh ph d kin cho phng chng v x l nhim......................................87 5.2.3. Kinh ph d kin cho cng tc gim st cht lng mi trng..............88 5.3. CHNG TRNH GIM ST MI TRNG........................................88 5.3.1. Gim st kh thi............................................................................................88 5.3.2. Gim st kh xung quanh...............................................................................88 5.3.3. Gim st nc thi.........................................................................................88 5.3.4. Gim st cht lng nc mt.......................................................................88 5.3.5.Gim st cht lng nc ngm.....................................................................89 CHNG 6.....................................................................................................90 THAM VN KIN CNG NG.............................................................90 6.1 KIN CA Y BAN NHN DN CP X......................................90 6.2 KIN CA I DIN CNG NG DN C...............................90 6.3 GII TRNH CA CH U T.........................................................91 KT LUN, KIN NGH V CAM KT.....................................................92 1. KT LUN.................................................................................................92 2. KIN NGH................................................................................................92 3. CAM KT..................................................................................................92 3.1 CAM KT THC HIN CC BIN PHP GIM THIU CC TC NG XU.........................................................................................................92 3.2. CAM KT THC HIN TT C CC BIN PHP, QUY NH CHUNG V BO V MI TRNG C LIN QUAN N D N........95 PH LC..............................................................................................................96

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM 5


DANH MC CC BNGBng 1.1. Danh mc cc my mc thit b ca d n.........................................24 Bng 2.1: K hiu v tr ly mu.........................................................................30 Bng 2.2: Kt qu phn tch cht lng khng kh ti khu vc D n...............30 Bng 2.3: V tr cc im ly mu nc mt v iu kin ly mu....................31 Bng 2.4: Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc mt ca khu vc d n................31 Bng 2.5: V tr ly mu nc ngm...................................................................32 Bng 2.6: Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc ngm khu vc D n..................32 Bng 2.7: V tr ly mu t khu vc d n........................................................33 Bng 2.8: Cht lng t ti khu vc d n........................................................33 Bng 3.1. Cc hot ng v ngun gy tc ng mi trng trong giai on xy dng..........................................................................................................................35 Bng 3.2. Cc ngun gy tc ng mi trng khng lin quan n cht thi trong giai on xy dng...........................................................................................36 Bng 3.3. Cc ngun gy tc ng mi trng khng lin quan n cht thi trong giai on hot ng..........................................................................................39 Bng 3.4. i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on thi cng xy dng....42 Bng 3.5. i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on hot ng.................42 Bng 3.6. H s pht thi v nng bi c tnh pht sinh trong qu trnh san lp..............................................................................................................................44 Bng 3.7. Ti lng cc cht nhim trong kh thi sinh ra t cc phng tin vn chuyn t thi cng............................................................................................46 Bng 3.8. Mc n sinh ra t hot ng ca cc thit b thi cng trn cng trng 47 Bng 3.9. Mc n ca cc loi xe c gii...........................................................48 Bng 3.10. Tc ng ca cc cht gy nhim khng kh.................................49 Bng 3.11. H s nhim do mi ngi hng ngy sinh hot a vo mi trng (nc thi sinh hot cha qua x l).............................................................50 Bng 3.12. Ti lng cht nhim sinh ra t nc thi sinh hot (cha qua x l) trong giai on thi cng xy dng d n.............................................................51 Bng 3.13. Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot........................51



Bng 3.14. Tc ng ca cc cht nhim cha trong nc thi sinh hot cng nhn v nc ma chy trn.....................................................................................52 Bng 3.15. nh gi tng hp cc tc ng mi trng trong qu trnh xy dng d n..........................................................................................................................56 Bng 3.16. Ti lng nhim khng kh do phng tin giao thng trong giai on hot ng ca d n.........................................................................................58 Bng 3.17. Ti lng nhim kh thi i vi l t.........................................59 Bng 3.18. Nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi l t cp nhit................60 Bng 3.19. Ti lng cc cht nhim kh t kh thi my pht in................61 Bng 3.20. Nng ca kh thi my pht in.................................................61 Bng 3.21. Ti lng cc cht nhim sinh ra t nc thi sinh hot (cha qua x l) trong d n......................................................................................................63 Bng 3.22. Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot........................64 Bng 3.23. Tm tt cc tc ng mi trng tng hp trong giai on hot ng lu di ca d n.......................................................................................................69 Bng 3.24. tin cy ca cc phng php TM.............................................70 Bng 4.1. Nng cc cht nhim d kin sau khi qua khi h thng x l... 78 Bng 5.1. Kinh ph d kin cho cng tc phng chng v x l nhim...........87



DANH MC CC HNHHnh 1.1 S cng ngh sn xut ca nh my............................................22 Hnh 4.1. S h thng x l kh thi l t...................................................77 Hnh 4.2: Cu to b t hoi x l nc thi sinh hot.......................................81 Hnh 4.3. S nguyn l x l CTR ca d n................................................83



DANH MC T VIT TTBOD5 BVMT CBCNV CHXHCN COD CTCC CTR CTNH DO T TM MPN sinh). NGTK PCCC Pt-Co QL SS THC UBND VOC XD KHKT TCVN TNHH WB WHO Nhu cu oxy sinh ho o 200C - o trong 5 ngy Bo v mi trng Cn b cng nhn vin Cng ha X hi Ch ngha Nhu cu oxy ha hc Cng trnh cng cng Cht thi rn Cht thi nguy hi xy ha tan ng tnh nh gi tc ng mi trng. S ln nht c th m c (phng php xc nh vi Nin gim thng k Phng chy cha chy n v o mu (thang mu Pt Co) Quc l Cht rn l lng Tng hydrocacbon y Ban Nhn Dn Cht hu c bay hi Xy dng Khoa hc k thut Tiu chun Vit Nam Trch nhim hu hn Ngn hng th gii T chc Y t Th gii



M U1. XUT X CA D N Cng ty TNHH MTV SX TM Hong Thin c thnh lp theo giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh s 4404000029 do S k hoch v u t tnh Bnh Phc cp ngy 26/9/2007 v ng k thay i ln 1 ngy 21/4/2009 vi ngnh ngh kinh doanh chuyn sn xut gch inh, gch ng, kinh doanh vt liu xy dng v.v Tnh Bnh Phc l tnh thuc khu vc min ng Nam B c ti lp nm 1997. Hin nay tnh nm trong vng vnh ai khu kin t trng im pha Nam, do c tc tng trng dn c ln, ch yu t cc tnh khu vc pha Bc v min Trung v sinh sng v tm kim vic lm, nn nhu cu xy dng c bn (XDCB) rt ln, c bit l cc tr s ca cc doanh nghip, cc cng trnh thuc ngun vn ngn sch dng cho xy dng cc cng trnh phc v nhu cu x hi ha, nhu cu xy dng nh ca dn chng. Trc thc trng trn v c s khuyn khch ca UBND tnh, UBND huyn, Cng ty TNHH MTV-SXTM Hong Thin c thnh lp, vi mc tiu chnh sn xut gch inh v gch ng, kinh doanh xut nhp khu vt liu xy dng ti huyn Lc Ninh, nhm gii quyt c nhu cu xy dng ngy cng cao tnh nh v cc vng ln cn nh huyn Ph Gio, Bn Ct, tnh Bnh Dng, ng thi mang li vic lm cho cc lao ng a phng. Mt khc, Cng ty c a im kinh doanh, v tr a l ht sc thun tin, c th cung cp sn phm i cc a bn dc theo Quc l 13 n Lc Ninh, B p hoc theo hng ngc li Bnh Long Chn Thnh, huyn Bn Ct, Ph Gio, TX. Th Du Mt, tnh Binh Dng. Theo Quc l 14 n TX. ng Xoi, Phc Long, B ng c ngun nguyn liu t st di do, m bo sn xut lu di. Theo s liu thng k th kh nng sn xut ti ch cc loi nguyn vt liu xy dng nh gch, ngi ch p ng c 10% nhu cu, phn cn li do cc doanh nghip ngoi tnh cung cp. p ng nhu cu ngy cng cao trong xy dng ti thi im hin ti v tng lai. Cng ty tin hnh u t xy dng nh my sn xut gch Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm. Thc hin Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 ca Th tng Chnh ph v hng dn thi hnh lut bo v mi trng, Ngh nh 21/2008/CP ngy 28/02/2008 ca Th tng Chnh ph v chnh sa, b sung mt s iu Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP, Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/12/2008 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, nhm tng cng cng tc qun l v bo v mi trng trong pht trin kinh t x hi, Cng ty TNHH MTV SX TM Hong Thin phi hp vi Cng ty C phn u t pht trin cng ngh mi trng Thi Bnh Dng t chc lp Bo co nh gi Tc ng Mi trng (TM) cho D n Xy dng nh my sn xut gch Tuynen cng sut 50 triu vin gch/nm do S Tin v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM 10


nguyn v Mi trng tnh Bnh Phc ch tr. Ni dung v trnh t cc bc thc hin TM c tun th theo cc quy nh ca php lut v mi trng v cc hng dn ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v lp TM cho cc d n u t. nh gi nhng tc ng tim tng, tch cc v tiu cc, trc tip v gin tip, ngn hn v di hn t cc hot ng ca d n gy ra cho mi trng. Trn c s nhng d bo v nh gi ny, xut nhng bin php gim thiu (bao gm qun l v k thut) nhm pht huy nhng tc ng tch cc v gim nh ti mc c th nhng tc ng tiu cc ti mi trng xung quanh. 2. CN C PHP LUT V K THUT CA VIC THC HIN TM 2.1. Cn c php lut 2.1.1 C s php l tin hnh nh gi tc ng mi trng Lut Ti nguyn nc c Quc hi nc CHXHCN Vit Nam thng qua ngy 20/05/1998; Lut Bo v mi trng c Quc hi nc CHXHCN Vit Nam thng qua ngy 29/11/2005 v Ch tch nc k lnh cng b ngy 12 thng 12 nm 2005; Ngh nh s 149/2004/N-CP ngy 27/07/2004 ca Chnh ph quy nh vic cp php thm d, khai thc, s dng ti nguyn nc, x nc thi vo ngun nc; Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v mi trng; Ngh nh s 21/2006/N-CP ngy 28/02/2008 ca Chnh ph v chnh sa, b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP; Ngh nh s 117/2009/N-CP ngy 31/12/2009 ca Chnh ph v x pht vi phm php lut trong lnh vc bo v mi trng; Thng t s 02/2005/TT-BTNMT ngy 24/06/2005 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v Hng dn thc hin Ngh nh s 149/2004/N-CP ngy 27/07/2004 ca Chnh ph quy nh vic cp php thm d, khai thc, s dng ti nguyn nc, x nc thi vo ngun nc; Thng t s 05/2009/TT-BYT ca B Y T ngy 17/06/2009 ban hnh quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi sinh hot; Thng t s 12/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v/v hng dn iu kin hnh ngh v th tc lp h s ng k, cp php hnh ngh, m s qun l cht thi nguy hi; Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/12/2008 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v Hng dn nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng;n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM 11


Thng t 25/2009/BTNMT, ngy 16 thng 11 nm 2009 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v vic ban hnh 8 Quy chun k thut Quc gia v mi trng; Quyt nh s 22/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 18/12/2006 ca B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v vic bt buc p dng Tiu chun Vit Nam v mi trng; Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v vic ban hnh danh mc Cht thi nguy hi; Quyt nh s 04/2008/BTNMT ngy 18/7/2008; Quyt nh s 16/2008/BTNMT ngy 31/12/2008; Quyt nh 16/2008/BTNMT ngy 7/10/2009/BTNMT ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng Ban hnh Quy chun k thut Quc gia v Mi trng. Cn c Quyt nh s 06/Q-UB ngy 13 thng 01 nm 1998 ca UBND tnh Bnh Phc, v vic quy hoch tng th kinh t x hi tnh Bnh Phc t nm 1996-2010. 2.2. C s k thut 2.2.1. Ngun d liu d n lp Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n: Xy dng nh my sn xut gch Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm, x Lc Hng, huyn Lc Ninh, tnh Bnh Phc. Do Cng ty TNHH MTV SX TM Hong Thin lm ch u t. 2.2.2. Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho Alexander P. Economopoulos. Assessment of Sources of Air, Water, and Land Pollution. Part 1: Rapid Inventory Techniques in Environmental Pollution, WHO, Geneva, 1993 . Alexander P. Economopoulos. Assessment of Sources of Air, Water, and Land Pollution. Part 2: Approaches for Consideration in formulating Environmental Control Strategies, WHO, Geneva , 1993. World Health Organization. Assessment of Sources of Air, Water, and Land Pollution. A guide to rapid source inventory techniques and their use in formulating Environmental Control Strategies, Geneva, 1993. Roger Batstone, James E. Smith, Jr., and David Wilson, editors. The Safe Disposal of Hazardous Wastes. The Special Needs and Problems of Developing Countries. Volume I, II, 3. WHO, 1989. WHO, 1976, offset publication N0 69. GEMS: Global Environmental Monitoring System. Estimating Human Exposure to Air pollution. Geneva. WHO, 1976, offset publication N024. Selected Methods of Measuring Air Pollutants, Geneva. APTI. Correspondence Course 437 Site Selection for the Monitoring of CO and Photochemical pollutants in Ambient Air. Guidebook. 1982.n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM 12

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm WHO, 1979, Sulphur oxides and suspended particulate matter. Environmental Health Criteria Document N08. World Health Organization. Geneva. Switzerland. Arceivala, Wastewater Treatment for Pollution Control, Tata Mc Graw -Hill Publishing House Co. Ltd. New Delhi. Alaerts. Wastewater Treatment Process, IHE Delft, 1987. Standard Methods for Water and Wastewater examination. New York, 1989. n thuyt minh d n : u t Nh my sn xut gch tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm ca Cng Ty TNHH MTV SX TM Hong Thin, 2010 Ti liu thng k v tnh hnh kh tng, thy vn, a hnh th nhng ca khu vc thc hin D n. Cc s liu iu tra v o c thc t ti hin trng khu vc thc hin D n. Cc ti liu iu tra v kinh t x hi trong khu vc. Cc ti liu k thut ca T chc Y t th gii (WHO) v Ngn hng Th gii (WB) v xy dng bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng

Cc ti liu tham kho nghin cu Cc bn v quy hoch, cc ti liu k thut ca D n. Cc ti liu iu tra v kinh t x hi trong khu vc D n. Ti liu thng k v tnh hnh thy vn, kh tng khu vc D n. Cc s liu iu tra, o c thc t ti hin trng khu vc D n. Cc ti liu k thut ca T chc Y t th gii (WHO) v Ngn hng Th gii (WB) v xy dng bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng. Cc ti liu v cng ngh x l cht thi. 2.2.3. Cc tiu chun, quy chun mi trng Vit Nam p dng TCVN 5949 1998: m hc - Ting n khu vc cng cng v dn c; Tiu chun v sinh lao ng ca B Y t (Quyt nh 3733/2002/Q-BYT ngy 10/10/2002 ca B trng B Y t v vic ban hnh 21 tiu chun v sinh lao ng, 05 nguyn tc v 07 thng s v sinh lao ng) QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut Quc gia v cht lng khng kh xung quanh; QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT : Quy chun k thut Quc gia v mt s cht c hi trong khng kh xung quanh; QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v gii hn cho php ca kim loi nng trong t; QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc mt;n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM 13


QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc ngm. QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut Quc gia v bi v kh thi cng nghip. QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut Quc gia v nc thi sinh hot. 2.3. K thut v phng php p dng trong qu trnh thc hin TM Cc phng php sau c dng nh gi tc ng mi trng: Phng php thng k, lp bng s liu: S dng thu thp, phn tch v x l mt cch h thng cc ngun s liu v iu kin t nhin, mi trng v kinh t - x hi ti khu vc d n v ln cn, cng nh cc ngun s liu phc v cho nh gi tc ng v xut cc bin php khng ch, gim thiu tc ng mi trng ca d n. Phng php ly mu ngoi hin trng v phn tch trong phng th nghim: S dng thu mu, phn tch v o c cc thng s thc t v hin trng cht lng mi trng t nhin (t, khng kh, n, vi kh hu) ti khu vc d n v ln cn phc v cho vic nh gi tc ng mi trng, xy dng cc chng trnh qun l v gim st mi trng ca d n. Phng php nh gi nhanh nhim theo cc h s nhim do T chc Y t Th gii (WHO) v Cc bo v mi trng M (US-EPA) thit lp: S dng c tnh nhanh ti lng, lu lng v nh gi nng ca cc cht gy nhim t cc hot ng khc nhau ca d n, phc v cho vic nh gi tc ng mi trng, ng thi s dng nh gi v hiu qu ca cc bin php khng ch, gim thiu tc ng mi trng theo cc ch dn k thut ca WHO a ra. Phng php ma trn tc ng: S dng thit lp v phn tch mi quan h nh tnh gia cc hot ng v quy m, mc tc ng mi trng ca d n, ng thi chn lc v nh gi cc tc ng mi trng quan trng ch yu ca d n. Phng php so snh vi tiu chun, quy chun mi trng: S dng nh gi mc tc ng mi trng ca d n trn c s so snh vi cc mc gii hn quy nh trong cc tiu chun, quy chun mi trng Vit Nam ban hnh p dng (so snh vi ngng chu ti v cc tnh cht vt l, ha hc v sinh hc ca mi trng). Phng php chuyn gia: S dng tham kho cc kinh nghim nh gi tc ng mi trng ca cc d n u t tng t nhm sng lc, loi b cc phng n nh gi tc ng t kh thi, cng nh xut cc bin php khng ch, gim thiu cc tc ng mi trng quan trng ca d n mt cch kh thi v hiu qu. Phng php tham kho kt qu nghin cu trong nc: S dng nh gi tc ng mi trng v nh gi hiu qu ca cc bin php khng ch, gimn v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM 14


thiu cc tc ng chnh hoc cc tc ng c tnh cht c th ring ca d n sao cho ph hp vi cc iu kin nghin cu nh gi thc t trong nc. 3. T CHC THC HIN XY DNG BO CO TM Bo co TM cho d n Xy dng nh my sn xut gch Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm ti p 2, x Lc Hng, huyn Lc Ninh, tnh Bnh Phc do Cng ty TNHH MTV SX TM Hong Thin ch tr thc hin vi s t vn ca Cng ty C phn u t pht trin cng ngh mi trng Thi Bnh Dng. n v t vn thc hin Cng ty C phn u t pht trin cng ngh mi trng Thi Bnh Dng nh sau: a ch: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. H Ch Minh. i din: Hong Kim Thng. Chc v: Ph giam c in thoi: 083.9899719 Fax: 083.9899720 Phng thc thc hin Trong qu trnh lp bo co TM cho d n ny, Chng ti s dng cc phng php TM chnh sau y: Nhng thnh vin tham d thc hin Danh sch cc thnh vin chnh tham gia thc hin bo co TM ny bao gm: Stt H v tn Chc danh n v cng tc Cng ty TNHH MTV SX 1 Hong nh Trung Gim c TM Hong Thin Cng ty CP T PT CN MT 2 KS. Hong Kim Thng Ph gim c Thi Bnh Dng Chuyn vin mi Cng ty CP T PT CN MT 3 CN. Phm Minh Hng trng Thi Bnh Dng Chuyn vin mi Cng ty CP T PT CN MT 4 KS. inh Nguyn Phong trng Thi Bnh Dng Chuyn vin mi Cng ty CP T PT CN MT 5 CN. Ha Quang Trng trng Thi Bnh Dng Chuyn vin mi Cng ty CP T PT CN MT 6 ThS. ng Th Ngc Thu trng Thi Bnh Dng



CHNG 1 M T TM TT D N1.1. TN D N XY DNG NH MY SN XUT GCH TUYNEL CNG SUT 50 TRIU VIN/NM 1.2. CH D N Ch u t: CNG TY TNHH MTV SX TM HONG THIN. a ch tr s chnh: p 2, x Lc Hng, huyn Lc Ninh, tnh Bnh Phc. in thoi: 0945.183.333. i din: ng Hong nh Trung. Chc v: Gim c. Giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh s: 4404000029 do S k hoch v u t tnh Bnh Phc cp ngy 26/09/2007 v ng k thay i ln th 1 ngy 21/04/2009, thay i ln 2 giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh s 3800381656 ngy 07/09/2010. Ngnh, ngh kinh doanh: sn xut gch inh, gch ng, kinh doanh vt liu xy dng v.v a im thc hin: p 2, x Lc Hng, huyn Lc Ninh, tnh Bnh Phc. Hin nay, Cng ty ang tin hnh u t xy dng nh my sn xut gch Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm. V th, chng ti tin hnh nh gi tc ng mi trng cho d n u t xy dng nh my sn xut gch Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm. 1.3. V TR A L CA D N D n u t xy dng nh my sn xut gch Tuynen cng sut 50 triu vin/nm c tin hnh xy dng ti p 2, x Lc Hng, huyn Lc Ninh, tnh Bnh Phc nm cnh quc l 13, cch trung tm huyn Lc Ninh khong 10 km v hng Ty Bc. Khu t xy dng Nh my cch m st Bu A5 11 km ti p Ch L, x Lc Thnh, Huyn Lc Ninh, Tnh Bnh Phc. V gii hn khng gian, khu t cng trnh c tng din tch l 26.057,7 m2 c gii hn bi: Pha Bc : gip vi ng quy hoch 18m; Pha Nam : ng quy hoch 12m v cng ty Tn Trng;n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM 16


Pha ng : gip vi ng quy hoch 14m; Pha Ty : gip quc l 13 1.4. NI DUNG CH YU CA D N 1.4.1. Hin trng s dng khu t Ton b khu t D n c din tch 26.057,7 m2 v hin trng khu t hin nay ang l t vn cy ca ch u t. 1.4.2. Mc tiu, tnh cht ca d n 1.4.2.1. Mc tiu ca D n p ng nhu cu th trng i vi sn phm gch xy dng cht lng cao t nay n nm 2015 v 2020 trn a bn tnh v mt s khu vc ln cn. Ph hp vi quy hoch pht trin ngnh, quy hoch chung ca tnh, mt bng hin trng, kh nng v ngun vn. Dy chuyn thit b m bo tnh ng b v hiu qu cao. 1.4.2.2. C s la chn phng n u t. Cn c vo mc tiu D n cng nh qu trnh nghin cu, kho st thc t ti cc Nh my u t dy chuyn sn xut gch theo cng ngh l nung tuynel lin hp trn c nc. Cn c vo kt qu kho st v kt qu xut th mu t st nguyn liu phc v cho d n. Cn c vo kt qu nghin cu v d bo nhu cu th trng tiu th gch xy dng trn a bn tnh v cc khu vc ln cn. Cn c vo mt bng hin trng khu t v nng lc ca Ch u t. 1.4.2.3. Phng n u t. u t mi ng b cc thit b gia cng nguyn liu, to hnh, sy, nung Tuynel lin hp, cng ngh sn xut t mc tin tin so vi nc ta hin nay, cho php thc hin cc tuyn cng ngh thun li, rt ngn c cc cng on trung chuyn trong cc khu sn xut, ph hp vi iu kin thi tit ca khu vc, mt bng hin trng khu t, th hin nhng u im sau: Cc thit b ch to hnh th h mi cho php hot ng vi tnh n nh cao, c kh nng a dng ha chng loi sn phm, t l ph phm thp, tit kim chi ph in nng. Hm sy Tuynel c thit k trn c s tn dng ti a kh nng t vng lm ngui v kh thi ca l nung to iu kin sy du, c kh nng sy tt vin v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM 17


gch mc c m ti a ti 14-16% (cao hn so vi 10-14% nh trc y), gim thi gian phi trn sn ct, gim nhn cng phi gch mc cung cp cho l nung hot ng ht cng sut trong mi iu kin thi tit. L nung c thit k ci tin cho php chnh lch nhit trn mt ct ngang ca l mc thp nht, sn phm ra l m bo cht lng ng u ti mi v tr trn xe gong. Cc knh dn kh nng thu hi t l nung sang hm sy c thit k nm trong khi xy trn nc l cho php gim thp thot nhit, gim chi ph vt liu cch nhit cho knh dn cng tng nhit dc theo chiu di l nung v hm sy s truyn tn hiu v to iu kin trung tm, sn sng can thip iu chnh khi cn thit. 1.4.3. Cng sut v chng loi sn phm 1.4.3.1. Cng sut d n p ng nhu cu xy dng cho tnh v cc khu vc ln cn, ch u t s la chn u t dy chuyn sn xut gch Tuynel vi cng sut thit k: 50 triu vin/nm. 1.4.3.2. Chng loi sn phm Chng loi sn phm ca d n: Tp trung vo hai loi sn phm chnh ang tiu thu mnh trn a bn khu vc l gch xy rng c 4 l, gch inh. Sn lng chi tit cc sn phm nh sau: Gch 4 l 80x80x180 : 35.000.000 vin/nm; Gch inh 40x80x180: 15.000.000 vin/nm; 1.4.4. Nhu cu nguyn liu, in, nc, nhin liu 1.4.4.1. Nhu cu nguyn liu m bo sn xut v p ng c cng sut ca thit k ca d n, nhu cu nguyn liu ca d n l cc loi t st khong 50.000 m3/nm. Hin nay doanh nghip c ngun nguyn liu st gch l 30 ha v c UBND tnh cp php khai thc l 9ha, ti Bu A5, p Ch L, x Lc Thnh, Lc Ninh Bnh Phc cch nh my 11 km thun tin cho hot ng ca nh my, chi ph vn chuyn nguyn liu khng qu ln cng nh gim c cc nh hng xu c th xy ra trn ng vn chuyn nguyn liu phc v cho hot ng ca d n. Phn din tch khai thc vng nguyn liu sn xut s c d n lp bo co bo con v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM 18


nh gi tc ng mi trng ring v trong qu trnh khai thc s tin hnh khai thc theo phng n c c quan qun l nh nc ph duyt. Nguyn liu t gch l than.Cc yu t u vo ca d n hon ton thun li do ngun cung ng ch yu l t st th doanh nghip c ch trng ca UBND tnh cp cho 9ha lm nguyn liu sn xut u vo. 1.4.4.2. Nhu cu cung cp nc: (1). Cp nc sn xut Nhu cu cung cp nc sn xut cho nh my ch yu cung cp cho ngm t, cng on ch bin to hnh, lng nc s dng vo khong 20 - 30 m3/ngy. Ngun nc dng cho sn xut s ly t ngun nc ging khoan qua h thng x l. Lu lng yu cu khong 3 m3/h. (2). Cp nc sinh hot Nhu cu cung cp nc cho hot ng git v sinh hot ca 100 cn b cng nhn. Nhu cu nc phc v cho sinh hot: 7,0 m3 (theo tiu chun 33:2006 ca B Xy Dng: nhu cu nc phc v cho cng nhn hot ng trong cc phn xng ta nhit l 45 l/ngi.ngy, nhu cu nc trn ba n l 25 l/ngi.ngy; s lng cng nhn l 100 ngi). 1.4.4.3.Ngun tip nhn nc ma v nc thi sinh hot Ngun tip nhn nc ma Nc ma c thu gom bng mng dn nc ma c tm an qua cc h ga c song chn rc, h ga nh k no vt loi b rc, cn lng v h lng nc ma ti bi t nhm lng cn m nc ma cun theo trn mt bng ca d n sau thi trc tip xung sui nh cach nha may 1700m phia ty, su khoang 2m. Ngun tip nhn nc thi sinh hot Nc thi sinh hot c thu gom bng h thng ng ng ring, tch bit vi h thng thot nc ma. Nc thi sinh hot thu gom c x l s b bng cc b t hoi 3 ngn. Sau , thi ra ngun tip nhn. 1.4.4.4.Thit k cp in



Theo tnh ton, lng in tiu th trong 1 nm l 16.800 kW/h ( 1.400 kwh/thng) . Ngoi ra, m bo n nh li in cho hot ng sn xut ca nh my, ch u t s u t mt my pht in d phng vi cng sut 250KVA. 1.4.4.5. Nhu cu nhin liu Cng ty s s dng du DO v than t nng l nung, lng du DO mi nm l 28,1 tn/nm v lng than cm l 3.400 Tn/nm. 1.5. QUY TRNH CNG NGH V THIT B CA D N 1.5.1. Quy trnh cng ngh S cng ngh sn xut ca d n c trnh by c th trong hnh 1.1 nh sau: Thuyt minh quy trnh sn xut gch: Quy trnh sn xut sn phm gch qua cc cng on sau:



Bui, CTR

Bi ngm t st

Kho cha t st qua ngm My cp liu thng My nghin xa lun My cn th

My nghin sng than

Ting n

Bi, CTR Ting n Ting n Ting n Bi, CTR

My cn mnBi, CTR

My nho lc My nho n chn khng My ct gch Khu vc phi sy t nhin H thng l nung hm sy Sn thnh phm Vn chuyn tiu th sn phm

Ting n Ting n, CTR

Khi thai San phm h

Hnh 1.1 S cng ngh sn xut ca nh my Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut:n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM 21

Bui, CTR


1.5.1.1. Khai thc v d tr nguyn liu t st sau khi khai thc c tp kt v bi cha, ti y t c ngm , phong ha t nht 3 thng. Qu trnh ny c tng cng nh cc bin php nh ti nc, o trn bng phng tin c gii. Do vy, cc ht st c iu kin ngm nc, trng n, lm tng tnh do, ng u v m v hm lng ca t. Dng my i gom nhng l t c phong ha, m vo nh kho lun c tr lng cho sn xut trong nhng ngy ma ko di. 1.5.1.2. Gia cng nguyn liu v to hnh sn phm t st sau khi ngm thi gian phong ha c cho ln bng ti vo my cp liu thng. Nhim v ca my cp liu thng l phn b t ti, u ln bng ti n nh v lng yu cu. ng thi c th pha trn, phi hp cc loi t khc nhau m phn cp ca sn phm quyt nh. My cp liu thng c t trong nh cha thun tin vic a t vo, ng thi gim din tch nh ch bin to hnh. Gch cc loi c pha than vo nguyn liu sn xut khi ch bin to hnh nhm nng cao cc tnh nng ca sn phm v hiu qu lm vic ca l nung. Phn than theo bng ti a thng vo my nho hai trc c li lc. m bo nng sut l v gim bt lng tro khi sn phm ra l, nht thit cc loi sn phm phi thc hin pha than vo t vi lng trn 2890 tn/nm Than trc khi em pha vo t c nghin nh, sng b cc tp cht m bo qu trnh chy xy ra trit khi a vo l nung. t t cp liu thng qua bng ti n my cn th, phi liu sau khi qua my cn mn v c nghin n mn thch hp ri a xung my nho lc v c nho trn k. Sau khi ra khi my nho trn phi liu c chuyn ln my nho n lin hp c ht chn khng. Ty theo yu cu ca sn phm, nguyn liu c th c phi trn thm ph gia. Ti my nho phi liu c pha thm lng nc cn thit t c m to hnh cn thit trong khong 20 22%. Phi liu c my nho hai trc lm tng thm do v ng nht trc khi a vo bung ht chn khng. Ti my nho n lin hp ht chn khng v cng ban u, gim c qu trnh bin dng trong qu trnh vn chuyn phi, sy ng thi tng cng ca sn phm khi nung. 1.5.1.3. Phi sn phm mc



Gch mc sau khi to hnh c m t 20 22%, c phi t 8 10 ngy ty theo thi tit. Di tc ng ca nhit v tc gi, m ca gch mc gim 12 16%. Vic xp cng v phi o gch trn sn phi tun th ng quy trnh gim ti thiu thi gian phi trn sn cng nh ph phm khu ny. Sn phm mc sau khi phi c vn chuyn v xp ln xe goong chun b a vo l sy nung tuynel. 1.5.1.4. Sy nung sn phm trong l nung tuynel Sn phm mc sau khi xp ln xe goong c a vo hm sy nung tuynel nh kch thy lc t u l. Tc nhn sy ch yu l kh nng thu hi t l nung. Vic sy gch mc c thc hin theo nguyn l sy du nhm trnh ph phm sau khi sy. Cc sn phm sau khi qua l sy s c a sang l nung nh xe ph v kch y vi chu k 14 23 gi (phi qua vng sy ca tuynel nung ri qua vng nung v vng lm ngui). Sn phm c nung chn vng nung c nhit ti a l 10500C. Nhit c cp b sung nung chn sn phm l than cm. Than sau khi nghin mn c vn chuyn ln nc l v cp qua cc l tra than theo ng yu cu cng ngh, m bo nung chn sn phm. 1.5.1.5. Ra l, phn loi sn phm Sn phm sau khi ra khi l nung c lm ngui cui l nh h thng thu hi kh nng v lng khng kh cp vo l phc v cho qu trnh chy. Sn phm sau khi ra l c cng nhn d khi xp, phn loi theo tiu chun k thut v tp kt v kho thnh phm. Cn tro x ca than chy em chn lp hoc cho vo thng cha c np y em thu gom chung vi rc sinh hot. 1.5.2. Thit b, hng mc sn xut 1.5.2.1. Thit b phc v cho d n Thit b, hng mc sn xut ca d n c trnh by c th trong bng 1.1.

Bng 1.1. Danh mc cc my mc thit b ca d n Thit b n S Nc

Nm

Tnh trng



Stt A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

v Thit b ch to hnh My cp liu thng CLT 1.4 My cp liu thng CLT 3.2 My nghin xa lun My cn th CTT 1000x600 My cn mn CTM 1000x800 My nho lc thy lc NLTL 500 My nho n chn khng ng b NCK 450 (gm c my nn kh, t iu khin kh nn ct ly hp, bm chn khng ly hp). Bng ti chuyn liu Bng ti gch mc Bng ti hi liu B500 Bng ti pha than B500 Ci Ci Ci Ci Ci Ci Ci

lng sn xut 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i Loan i Loan i Loan i Loan i Loan i Loan i Loan i Loan i Loan i Loan i Loan i Loan i Loan i Loan Vit Nam Vit Nam i Loan i

sn xut 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009

thit b mi (%) 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Ci

1

2009

100%

8 9 10 11

Ci Ci Ci Ci Ci Ci Ci Ci Ci Ci

50 20 5 1 1 1 1 20 1 1

2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010

100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%24

12 My nghin than NB 3.0 13 My mi qu cn MQC 14 15 16 B My ct gch CT 1200 Xe bn ch gch mc Vn chuyn thit b Thit b l nung hm

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Loan Vit Ci 3 2010 100% Nam Vit Qut ht tun hon Ci 2 2010 100% Nam Vit Qut khuy hm sy Ci 1 2010 100% Nam Vit Qut thu hi kh nng Ci 2 2010 100% Nam Vit Qut cp kh cui l Ci 2 2010 100% Nam Ca ko bng ti TK i Ci 3 2010 100% 500 Loan Kch thy lc l nung i Ci 1 2009 100% 60T/1500 Loan Kch thy lc hm sy i Ci 1 2009 100% 40T/1500 Loan i Ti ko goong TK 2000 Ci 2 2009 100% Loan i Xe ph in XPD 16 6 Ci 2 2009 100% Loan My nng than TK i Ci 1 209 100% 750 Loan Khung thp xe goong Vit Ci 60 2005 100% bnh gang XG 2.6x2.6 Nam Vit Qut ht kh thi l sy Ci 1 2009 100% Nam Xe thng ch gch i Vit Ci 6 2009 100% tiu th Nam Vit H thng van Ci 1 2009 100% Nam Vit Vn chuyn thit b Ci 1 2009 100% Nam Xe nng Ci 2 Nht 2005 100% Trung Xe ben Ci 2 2005 100% quc Trung Xe cuc Ci 2 2005 100% quc Ngun: Cng ty TNHH MTV SX TM Hong Thin, 2010 1.5.2.2. Cc hng mc xy dng cng trnh

sy Qut ht kh thi l nung



Tng din tch ca cng ty l 26.057,70 m2 . Trong din tch s dng l 17.920 m2, vi cc hng mc nh sau: + Nh xng sn xut: 15.852 m2 + Nh bo v: 30 m2 + Nh v sinh cng nhn: 100 m2 + B cha nc PCCC: 100m2 + Nh cng nhn: 500 m2 Din tch cn li trong tng s 26.057,70 m2 hin ti ca cng ty ch u t tin hnh trng cy xanh 5211,54 m2. 1.6. NHU CU LAO NG CHO D N m bo hot ng sn xut ca d n th tng s lao ng ca ton Nh my m bo nh sau: Lao ng qun l: 5 ngi Lao ng hnh chnh s nghip: 15 ngi Cn b nghip v thng mi: 10 ngi Cng nhn sn xut: 70 ngi 1.7. NHU CU VN CHO D N Tng vn u t cho d n d kin l 65.134.741.940 ng, trong : Vn t c: 25.134.741.940 ng Vn vay: 40.000.000.000 ng 1.8. TIN THC HIN D N Qu trnh thc hin xy dng v hot ng ca D n nh sau: Hon tt cc th tc: t thng 7/2010 11/2010. Khi cng xy dng: t thng 12/2010 04/2011. Hot ng: 05/2011 Sau khi cc giai on ca cng tc xy lp v lp t cc thit b hon chnh, vic a dy chuyn vo hot ng thc hin theo chng trnh sau: Vn hnh chy th cc thit b ch bin to hnh. Vn hnh chy th thit b l nung, hm sy. Sn xut th khu ch to hnh. Sy v l nung Tuynel. a Nh my vo vn hnh ng b.



CHNG 2 IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T - X HI TI KHU VC THC HIN D N2.1. IU KIN T NHIN V MI TRNG 2.1.1. iu kin a l a cht1 2.1.1.1. a hnh a hnh vng lnh th tnh Bnh Phc c th xp vo loi cao nguyn pha Bc v ng Bc, a dng a hnh, l i ni, thp dn t pha ng Bc v pha Ty v Ty Nam do l vng chuyn tip t cao nguyn vi ng bng. Pha ng Bc l i ni, c cao trung bnh 450-500m so vi mt nc bin, cao nht l ni B R 733m, pha Ty Bc gm nhng dy ni thp v i ln song vi cao ph bin 20-30m, cn li l t bng phng. a hnh khu vc trin khai d n tng i bng phng, tuy nhin do ng Quc l 13 cao hn khu t bnh qun 30cm, nn khi xy dng bt buc phi san lp mt bng sao cho cao bng hoc cao hn Quc l 13, nhm m bo thot nc, trnh ngp ng v thun li cho vic lu thong ra vo cng ty. 2.1.1.2. a cht (1). a tng: t Feralit vng xm, pht trin trn nn t ph sa c, t hi cht, thnh phn c gii tht pha ct, t l ct 50-70%, t l ln b mt < 10%, kh nng chu lc theo kt qu kho st ton vng ca S Xy Dng l t 2.93.5kgN/cm2. Nh vy, vi iu kin a cht nh trn hon ton m bo cho vic xy dng nh cng nghip, khng phi gia c nn mng cng trnh. (2). a cht cng trnh: Tham kho kt qu phn tch ca d n m t st, khu vc d n c a cht cng trnh gm cc lp nh sau: Lp 1: bt st t ct mu xm trng, trng thi do cng, b dy trung bnh l 0,9m. Lp 2: st ln kt vn laterit mu xm, loang l nu , trng thi na cng, b dy t 0,5 1,9m.1

Nim gim thng k tnh Bnh Phc nm 2009



Lp st: st, st b mu xm, loang l nu , xm trng, trng thi do cng, b dy thay i t 8 12,0m. 2.1.2. iu kin kh tng thy vn D n nm trong khu vc c iu kin kh hu c trng ca kh hu nhit i gi ma ca min ng Nam B Vit Nam, kh hu tng i n ha v n nh vi 2 ma ma, nng r rt. Ma nng t thng 12 n thng 4 nm sau, ma ma ko di t thng 5 n thng 11. Khu vc u t d n b nh hng ca kh hu nhit i gi ma, c 2 ma, ma kh v ma ma, ma ma ko di t thng 5 n thng 11, lng ma chim 90% c nm, ma nhiu nht tp trung vo 3 thng: 7, 8 v 9 trong nm, cc s liu thng k nh sau: Lng ma trung bnh trong nm: 2.068mm Lng ma cao nht trong nm: 2.846mm Lng ma thp nht trong nm: 1.637mm S ngy ma: 112-145 ngy Nhit trung bnh vo ma ma: 26oC 27oC Nhit cao nht vo thng 4 l: 38oC Nhit thp nht vo thng 1 l: 18oC Ma kh ko di t thng 12 n thng 4 nm sau, trong thi gian ny lng ma ch chim khong 10% lng ma trong nm v nh sang chiu sng t 7h 9h mt ngy. m bnh qun nm l 76.6%, cao tuyt i vo thng 9 l khong 83% 85%, thp tuyt i vo thng 3, 4 hng nm c th xung ti 45.6%. Hng gi thnh hnh l Bc ng Bc vo cc thng 11, 12, 1, 2 trong nm, ring thng 10 thng thay i hng gi. Cc thng cn li hng gi thnh hnh l Nam ng Nam. Tc gi trung bnh l 3.15m/s. Lng nc bc hi hng nm thay i t 1.200mm 1.400mm, lng nc bc hi cao nht hng nm vo thng 3 l 1.533mm v thp nht vo thng 7 l 700mm. c im l khng sng gi v bi. Nh vy, khi tin hnh xy dng, chng ta ch c th tp trung chnh vo ma kh. 2.1.3. iu kin thy vn Xung quanh khu t cch khu t 1700m v pha ty c mt sui nh chy v cu Cn L c lu lng trung bnh 23,5m3/s,ngun nc s dng cho d n s l nc ngm. Theo kt qu kho st ca lin on a cht s 8 ngun nc ngm khu vc ny nm tng i su so vi mt t t nhin, qua kho st mt s ging



o c su t 15-30m v ging khoan trong c su t 40 70m mi c mc nc m bo cho phc v nhu cu ca d n. Lu lng ging khoan t 4-6m3/h. 2.1.4. Hin trng mi trng v ti nguyn khu vc d n 2.1.4.1. Hin trng mi trng khng kh ting n nh gi hin trng cht lng khng kh, ngy 19/09/2010, Cng ty TNHH MTV SX TM Hong Thin kt hp vi Trung tm mi trng v sinh thi ng dng tin hnh ly 3 mu khng kh ti khu vc d n. Kt qu phn tch cht lng khng kh khu vc D n c trnh by trong bng 2.1. Bng 2.1: K hiu v tr ly mu Stt K hiu V tr 1 K01 Khu vc xy dng xng 1 2 K02 Khu vc xy dng xng 2 3 K03 Cng nh my gn ng Quc l 13 Bng 2.2: Kt qu phn tch cht lng khng kh ti khu vc D n Stt QCVN, Ch tiu phn tch K01 K02 K03 TCVN 0 1 Nhit (t C) 32,2 32,5 32,4 2 m (%) 63,8 62,8 63,1 3 Tc gi (m/s) 1,2-1,5 1,2 1,4 1,3 1,5 4 Bi (mg/m3) 0,18 0,21 0,25 0,3 (**) 5 SO2 (mg/m3) 0,074 0,067 0,072 0,35(**) 6 NO2 (mg/m3) 0,063 0,076 0,046 0,35(**) 3 7 CO (mg/m ) 4,58 4,32 4,12 30(**) 8 Ting n (dBA) 71,2 65,8 66,4 75(*) Ngun: Trung tm mi trng v sinh thi ng dng, 2010. Ghi ch : (*) TCVN 5949-1998: m hc- Ting n khu vc cng cng v dn cmc n ti a cho php . (**) QCVN 05: 2009/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut Quc gia v cht lng khng kh xung quanh. Phng php ly mu, phn tch, tnh ton xc nh tng thng s c th c quy nh trong cc Tiu chun Vit Nam tng ng. Nhn xt : So snh cc kt qu phn tch c vi cc Quy chun, tiu chun cht lng mi trng khng kh xung quanh QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT v TCVN



5949-1998 cho thy: Tt c cc ch tiu u nm trong tiu chun cho php. Mi trng khng kh ca khu vc cn tng i sch. 2.1.4.2. Hin trng cht lng nc mt nh gi hin trng cht lng nc mt ti khu vc D n, Cng ty TNHH MTV SX TM Hong Thin v Cng ty CP T PT Cng ngh Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng phi hp vi Trung tm mi trng v sinh thi ng dng ly mu v phn tch nc mt ti khu vc D n vo thng 09/2010 trong iu kin tri nng. V tr cc im ly mu v iu kin ly mu xem Bng 2.3. Bng 2.3: V tr cc im ly mu nc mt v iu kin ly mu Stt Mu V tr quan trc v iu kin ly mu 1 NM01 Sui nh, cch nh my 1.700m v pha Ty

Kt qu o c v phn tch cht lng nc mt c trnh by trong bng 2.4 sau: Bng 2.4: Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc mt khu vc d n K hiu mu v QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT Stt Thng s n v kt qu NM01 B1 B2 1 pH 6,5 5,5 - 9 5,5 - 9 2 BOD5 mg/l 3,2 15 25 3 COD mg/l 6,1 30 50 4 DO mg/l 4,2 4 2 5 TSS mg/l 18 50 100 6 NO3 mg/l 0,03 10 15 7 NO2mg/l 0,45 0,04 0,05 8 NH4+ mg/l 0,09 0,5 1 9 Cu mg/l 0,15 0,5 1 10 Fe mg/l KPH 1,5 2 11 Pb mg/l KPH 0,05 0,05 Tng MPN/100 7.500 10.000 12 392 Coliform ml Ngun: Trung tm mi trng v sinh thi ng dng,thng 9/2010.



Nhn xt: Kt qu o c v phn tch trn cho thy nc mt khu vc d n hin cn kh tt. Cc thng s o c v thu mu, phn tch u nm trong gii hn cho php ca Quy chun k thut Quc gia v nc mt - QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT, ct B1. 2.1.4.3. Cht lng nc ngm nh gi hin trng cht lng nc ngm ti khu vc D n, Cng ty TNHH MTV SX- TM Hong Thin v Cng ty CP T PT Cng ngh Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng Xanh phi hp vi Trung tm mi trng v sinh thi ng dng ly v phn tch mu nc ngm ti khu vc D n vo thng 09/2010 trong iu kin tri nng. V tr cc im ly mu v iu kin ly mu c trnh by trong Bng 2.5. Bng 2.5: V tr ly mu nc ngm Stt Mu V tr quan trc v iu kin ly mu 1 NN01 Ging khoan cng ty Kt qu o c v phn tch cht lng nc ngm c trnh by trong bng sau: Bng 2.6: Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc ngm khu vc d n Stt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ch tiu n v Kt qu QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT

pH 6,8 5,5 8,5 cng mg/l 219 500 TDS mg/l 429 1.500 COD mg/l 1,5 4 Amoni mg/l 0,03 0,1 Nitrit mg/l 0,43 1,0 Nitrat mg/l 3,67 15 Asen mg/l KPH 0,05 Mangan mg/l 0,21 0,5 Tng MPN/100m KPH 3 Coliform l Ngun: Trung tm mi trng v sinh thi ng dng, thng 09/2010

Nhn xt: So snh kt qu phn tch vi Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc ngm - QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT cho thyCc ch tiu kim loi u t tiu chun cho php. Nc ngm c s dng trong sinh hot, n ung.n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM 31


2.1.4.4. Hin trng cht lng mi trng t nh gi hin trng cht lng t ti khu vc D n, Cng ty TNHH MTV SX TM Hong Thin v Cng ty Cng ty CP T PT Cng ngh Mi trngThi Bnh Dng phi hp vi Trung tm mi trng v sinh thi ng dng o c v ly mu t ti khu vc D n vo thng 09/2010 trong iu kin tri nng nh. V tr cc im ly mu v iu kin ly mu Bng 2.7. Bng 2.7: V tr ly mu t khu vc d n Stt Mu M t v tr v iu kin ly mu 1 D01 Khu vc thc hin d n Kt qu o c v phn tch cht lng t c trnh by nh sau: Bng 2.8: Cht lng t ti khu vc d n Stt 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ch tiu Mn Pb As Cu Zn Cd n v Kt qu mu D01 QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT

% 2,17 mg/kg t kh 1,05 120 mg/kg t kh 0,03 12 mg/kg t kh 10,9 70 mg/kg t kh 0,27 200 mg/kg t kh 0,05 5 Ngun: Trung tm mi trng v sinh thi ng dng, thng 09/2010.

Nhn xt: Tt c cc ch tiu kim loi trong t u t Quy chun k thut Quc gia v gii hn cho php ca kim loi nng trong t QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT vi loi t dn sinh. 2.2. IU KIN KINH T X HI2 2.2.1. Thc trng pht trin kinh t 2.2.1.1. Tnh hnh pht trin chung C cu gi tr sn xut ngnh nng - lm - ng nghip t nm 2000 n nm 2006 cho ta thy gi tr sn xut nng nghip ca huyn lun chim t trng cao (982

Ngun Nim gim thng k Tnh Bnh Phc nm 2009.



99%). Gi tr sn xut lm nghip v ng nghip mc d c chiu hng tng dn qua cc nm v gia tr tuyt i, tuy nhin ch chim mt t trng nh trong sn xut nng - lm - ng nghip ca huyn sut t nm 2000 n nm 2006. Nm 2006 gi tr tng thm ca nn kinh t huyn t 552.800 triu trong ngnh nng lm nghip t 389.755 triu (gi 1994), vi tc tng bnh qun thi k 2001-2005 l 13,13%/nm, trong ngnh nng lm nghip t 10,4%, ng gp vo tng trng thi k 2001-2005 ca ngnh sn xut nng - lm ng nghip l 8,01%. Nn kinh t ca Lc Ninh da ch yu vo nng nghip. Lc Ninh cng pht trin cc loi cy cng nghip nh cao su, c ph, iu, tiu v cc loi cy n qu lu nm. Lc Ninh l vng t ph nhiu, t y ch yu l t bazan. Ton b khu vc l vng dn c tha tht, nhn dn ch yu sng bng ngh nng, mt s cha n nh v c trnh vn ha thp, do ngh nghip c tnh cht thi v nn khi ht v a s ngi dn u khng c vic lm, rt cn cng vic khi ht v thu hoch. y chnh l iu kin thun li cho cc doanh nghip trong vic tuyn dng cng nhn, nht l i vi ngnh sn xut ht iu vi cng vic n gin, th cng l chnh, khng i hi trnh cao, mt no to cng n, vic lm cng nh to iu h tr nhn dn, xa i gim ngho. 2.2.2. Tnh hnh vn ha, x hi 2.2.2.1. Trong lnh vc gio dc H thng trng lp v c s vt cht ca cc cp hc m bo cho vic dy v hc, tng bc c kin c ha. Tng kt 2008 2009 nhn chung cht lng dy v hc ca cc trng c chuyn bin tch cc c v s lng ln cht lng. Trong : Trng mu gio: c 295 chu/9 lp cao hn s vi cng k 71 chu, kt qu nm hc ca cc chu t B khe b ngoan cp trng t 47 chu, cp huyn 39 chu, cp tnh 18 chu v 01 chu t gii khuyn khch cp huyn trong hi thi ngi cng dn t hon. Trng tiu hc: T l hc sinh ln lp thng t 95,9% cao hn so vi cng k 1,5%. Hc sinh gii kh 199 chu. Trng Trung hc c s: Tng s hc sinh nm hc 2008-2009 l 593HS/15 lp. Hc sinh ln lp thng 533 em t 88,7%, hc sinh gii tin tin 235 em t 39,1%. Cng tc khuyn hc: tip tc duy tr cc chi hi khuyn hc cc khu dn c. Chi hi c tng s 776 hi vin tham gia tt c cc chi hi trn ton x. 2.2.2.2. Cng tc y tn v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM 33


T chc khm cha bnh cho 11.415 lt ngi. Trong , khm bo him cho ngi ln, bo him tr em 1916 lt. T chc iu tr ngoi tr 90 ngi, ngoi tr 16 ngi, chuyn tuyn 22 ngi, phi hp khm ngha v qun s cho 40 thanh nin phc v cng tc tuyn qun nm 2009.



CHNG 3 NH GI TC NG MI TRNG3.1. NGUN TC NG 3.1.1. Cc ngun gy tc ng trong giai on san lp mt bng v xy dng cng trnh 3.1.1.1. Cc ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi Giai on chun b xy dng, san lp mt bng, xy dng h thng giao thng trong ni b, cc cng trnh d n, h thng cung cp in, nc, thng tin lin lc, xy dng h thng cp thot nc, bn bi, h thng thu gom rc thi, trng cy xanh, thm c. Cc hot ng v ngun gy tc ng mi trng trong giai on xy dng c trnh by trong bng 3.1. Bng 3.1. Cc hot ng v ngun gy tc ng mi trng trong giai on xy dng S Cc hot ng Ngun gy tc ng Tc nhn gy tc Stt ng 1 Gii ta, san lp - Xe ti vn chuyn vt liu xy - Pht sinh kh thi mt bng dng, ct, , st thp, ng nh SO2, NOx, CO, cng, ct in, ng dy, THC, bi v ting trm bin in, thit b my n. mc - Cc my mc phc v thi cng xy dng: ba my, cn - Pht sinh kh thi nh SO2, NOx, CO, cu, - Qu trnh thi cng c gia THC, bi v ting n. nhit: ct, hn, t nng chy - Nhit, CO2, tia la in, 2 Xy dng h - Xe ti vn chuyn vt liu - Pht sinh kh thi thng cp thot XD, t, ct, , nh SO2, NOx, CO, nc, thu gom THC, bi v ting cht thi rn, - Qu trnh thi cng c gia n. cc cng trnh nhit: ct, hn, t nng chy. - Nhit, CO2, tia la phc v d n in, 3 Vn chuyn - Xe ti vn chuyn vt liu - Pht sinh kh thi nguyn vt liu, XD, t, ct, , nh SO2, NOx, CO, thit b phc v THC, bi v ting d n. n.n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM 35


4 Hot ng d - Cc thng cha xng, du. - Cht thi rn l tr, bo qun thng cha, hi xng nhin nguyn du r r, vt liu phc v cng trnh 5 Sinh hot ca - Sinh hot ca 100 cng nhn - Nc thi c cha cng nhn ti vin trn cng trng BOD cao, cht dinh cng trng dng (N,P), v vi sinh cao. - CTR sinh hot cha nhiu cht hu c. Nhn xt: ngun gy tc ng trong giai on xy dng l kh nhiu, cn c nh gi c th c phng n d phng, khc phc tt nht. Chng ti s nh gi chi tit ti lng, nng , hm lng v mc tc ng trong nhng phn sau ca chng ny. 3.1.1.2. Cc ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi Cc ngun gy tc ng mi trng khng lin quan n cht thi trong giai on xy dng c trnh by trong bng 3.2. Bng 3.2. Cc ngun gy tc ng mi trng khng lin quan n cht thi trong giai on xy dng Stt Ngun gy tc ng Tc ng 1 San i mt bng, o t,... Gy xi t, ngp nc cc b, nh hng nn mng a cht khu vc, gy bin i vi kh hu,... 2 Hot ng thi cng, my mc, Bin i a cht, gy bin i vi kh hu san i mt bng 3 S tp trung lng ln cng Gy ra xo trn i sng x hi a nhn phng, mt an ninh trt t, v c th pht sinh nhng t nn khc. Nhn xt: c t ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi, tuy nhin nhng tc ng dng tim tng, kh d on v lc xy ra s c tc hi rt ln. Chng ti s thc cng tc nh gi trong nhng phn sau ca chng ny.

3.1.2. Cc ngun gy tc ng trong giai on hot ngn v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM 36


3.1.2.1. Cc ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi Ngun pht sinh cht thi trong qu trnh hot ng ca d n c nu c th nh sau: (1). Cc ngun gy nhim mi trng khng kh Kh thi pht sinh trong qu trnh hot ng ca d n c ngun gc pht sinh t dy chuyn cng ngh sn xut ca nh my, cc my mc thit b t nhin liu, cc hot ng giao thng vn ti,... T cc ngun gy nhim nh nu trn, kh thi c th phn loi theo tng loi ngun pht thi nh sau: a). Kh thi t dy chuyn cng ngh Trong qu trnh hot ng ca d n, dy chuyn cng ngh sn xut ca d n c nhiu cng on khc nhau v mi cng on c th pht sinh cc cht gy nhim mi trng khng kh xung quanh, lm nh hng n sc khe ca cn b cng nhn vin lm vic trong nh my. Cc cng on c th pht sinh cc cht nhim nh l: Qu trnh i, nghin, cn nguyn liu v than c th pht sinh bi, ting n; Qu trnh phi trn, vn chuyn v lu tr nguyn, nhin liu sn phm pht sinh ra bi, ting n. Kh thi t cc my mc thit b phc v d n c th pht sinh cc cht nhim mi trng khng kh nh : COx, NOx, SOx,... Kh thi do qu trnh nung gch c pht sinh kh thi HF. b). Kh thi t ngun t nhin liu ca my mc thit b Cc loi my mc thit b ca d n nh my pht in d phng, my i, l sy,... t nhin liu lm pht sinh kh thi vi thnh phn ch yu l bi, SO2, NOx, CO, THC, ... quy m pht thi rt ng k, gy nh hng tc ng tiu cc ti mi trng khng kh. Do , cc ngun kh thi ny cn c nh gi tc ng mi trng c th. c). Kh thi t hot ng giao thng vn ti Trong qu trnh hot ng, hng ngy ti khu vc d n s c cc hot ng giao thng, vn ti chuyn ch cc loi nguyn nhin vt liu v sn phm ra von v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM 37


nh my. Cc loi xe giao thng v cc loi xe vn ti chuyn ch cc loi nguyn nhin vt liu v sn phm ra vo khu vc d n s lm pht sinh kh thi t cc phng tin giao thng vn ti bao gm bi, SOx, NOx, CO, THC, ... cn c nh gi tc ng mi trng c th, nht l i vi kh NOx. Ti lng cc cht nhim cha trong kh thi ph thuc vo s lng xe lu thng, loi nhin liu s dng, tnh trng k thut ca phng tin giao thng v cht lng ng giao thng. d). Kh thi t cc hot ng khc Cc hot ng khc nh thu gom rc thi, v sinh nh xng sn xut, nht l ti cc ni thu gom, tn tr, vn chuyn rc thi, sinh ra cc kh nhim nh: NH3, H2S, CH4, mercaptan, bi, CO, NOx, SOx, ... do qu trnh phn hy sinh hc. e). Ngun gy tc ng trong qu trnh t nhin liu DO Vic s dng cc cng on gia nhit trong thi cng cng c kh nng gy ra chy + Cc ngun nhin liu (du FO, DO) thng c cha trong phm vi cng trng l mt ngun gy chy n quan trng. c bit l khi cc kho (bi) cha ny nm gn cc ni c gia nhit, hoc cc ni c ngun d gy chy nh l cy, bi cy kh; + S c chy n khc na c th pht sinh l t cc s c v in. Khu vc khai hoang, c rt nhiu cc loi cy, bi kh pht quang, qu trnh chy n s trong khu vc d n s lm gia tng nguy c chy lan ra cc khu rng ln cn nu khng co bin phap bao v. (2). Cc ngun gy nhim mi trng nc a). Nc thi sn xut Do tnh cht ca cng ngh sn xut gch ngi t st nung, nhu cu s dng nc cho sn xut rt t, ch ch yu dng ngm v pha thm vo nguyn liu trong qu trnh ch bin nn lng nc thi t sn xut ra mi trng gn nh khng c. Nc thi sn xut ca l mt lng nc nh t h thng lc bi m. b). Nc thi sinh hot Ngun nc thi sinh hot pht sinh do hot ng ca ton b CBCNV lm vic trong nh my c thnh phn kh n nh, gm cc cht cn b, cc cht rn l lng, cc cht dinh dng, cht hu c, vi sinh, ... nu khng c x l s gy nhim mi trng.n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM 38


(3). Cc ngun pht sinh cht thi rn Cht thi rn pht sinh trong d n bao gm cc cht thi rn sn xut v rc thi sinh hot, gy tc ng nhim mi trng t, nc v khng kh (do kh v cc loi ho cht, nc rc r r, vi sinh gy bnh, rui mui, mi hi khng kh, ). a). Cht thi rn sn xut Cht thi rn sn xut pht sinh t cc hot ng ca d n bao gm vn t, ct, bi t sa lng, cc vt liu tr trong qu trnh sn xut. Du cn, bn thi t h thng lc bi m; Tro t t than b sung qua l trn nc l: 3.400 tn/nm x 1/3 = 1133 tn/nm (94,4tn/thng). b). Cht thi rn sinh hot Cht thi rn sinh hot ca CBCNV lm vic trong nh my bao gm: Hp giy, bao nylon, giy vn, thy tinh, thc n tha, ... 3.1.2.2. Cc ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi Cc ngun gy tc ng mi trng khng lin quan n cht thi trong giai on vn hnh c trnh by trong bng 3.3. Bng 3.3. Cc ngun gy tc ng mi trng khng lin quan n cht thi trong giai on hot ng Stt Ngun gy tc ng 1 Nc ma chy trn qua ton b mt bng d n 2 Xi mn, bi lng cc sng, knh rch trong khu vc d n 3 S tp trung lng ln cng nhn gy ra xo trn i sng x hi a phng 3.1.3. S c mi trng 3.1.3.1. Nhng ri ro trong giai on thi cng xy dng (1). S c tai nn lao ng



Nhn chung, s c tai nn lao ng c th xy ra trong bt k mt cng on thi cng xy dng d n. Nguyn nhn ca cc trng hp xy ra s c tai nn lao ng trn cng trng xy dng c xc nh ch yu bao gm : nhim mi trng xy ra trong qu trnh thi cng lm nh hng xu ti sc khe ca cng nhn. Mt vi loi nhim cp tnh ty thuc theo thi gian v mc tc dng c kh nng gy mt mi, chong vng hay ngt cho cng nhn trong khi lao ng; Cng vic lp rp, thi cng v qu trnh vn chuyn nguyn vt liu vi mt xe, ting n, rung cao c th gy ra cc tai nn lao ng, tai nn giao thng, ... Do tnh bt cn trong lao ng, thiu trang b bo h lao ng, hoc do thiu thc tun th nghim chnh v ni quy an ton lao ng ca cng nhn thi cng. Vi cc nh gi tc ng nhim do bi, kh thi trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng d n trnh by bn di, th nguy c xy ra nhim mi trng c nh hng xu n sc khe ngi lao ng c nh gi l cao trong iu kin thi cng nng nng v ng gi. Do vy, Ch u t p dng cc bin php bo m an ton lao ng ph hp trong trng hp ny v khi thy cn thit c th tm hon qu trnh thi cng, hoc cho cng nhn c ngh ngi di hn bo m an ton lao ng. Trong hai trng hp cn li, Ch u t bo m k thut v k hoch thi cng, iu ng my mc, xe c, thit b k thut mt cch khoa hc v bo m ni quy an ton lao ng cho lc lng cng nhn thi cng trn cng trng. (2). S c chy n S c chy n c th xy ra trong trng hp vn chuyn v tn cha nhin liu, hoc do s thiu an ton v h thng cp in tm thi, gy nn cc thit hi v ngi v ca trong qu trnh thi cng. C th xc nh cc nguyn nhn c th nh sau : Cc kho cha nguyn nhin liu tm thi phc v cho thi cng, my mc, thit b k thut (xng, du DO, du FO...) l cc ngun gy chy n. Khi s c xy ra c th gy ra thit hi nghim trng v ngi, kinh t v mi trng; H thng cp in tm thi cho cc my mc, thit b thi cng c th gy ra s c git, chp, chy n, , gy thit hi v kinh t hay tai nn lao ng cho cng nhn; Vic s dng cc thit b gia nhit trong thi cng (un, ri nha ng, ...) c th gy ra chy, bng hay tai nn lao ng nu nh khng c cc bin php phng nga.n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM 40


Do cc trng hp s c ny c th xy ra bt k lc no, nn Ch u t bo m p dng cc bin php phng chng, khng ch hiu qu nhm hn ch ti a cc tc ng tiu cc ny. (3). S c tai nn giao thng S c tai nn giao thng c th xy ra bt k lc no trong qu trnh thi cng, gy thit hi v ti sn v tnh mng. Nguyn nhn c th do phng tin vn chuyn khng m bo k thut hoc do cng nhn iu khin khng ch hoc khng tun th cc nguyn tc an ton giao thng. S c ny hon ton phng trnh c bng cch kim tra tnh trng k thut cc phng tin vn ti m bo an ton giao thng, tuyn truyn nng cao thc chp hnh lut l giao thng cho cng nhn iu khin. 3.1.3.2. Nhng ri ro trong giai on hot ng (1). S c tai nn lao ng Tai nn lao ng c th xy ra khi cc nh my ang hot ng. Nguyn nhn ch yu l bao gm: Bt cn ca cng nhn trong vn hnh my mc, thit b; Tnh trng sc kho ca cng nhn khng tt: ng gt trong lc lm vic, lm vic qu sc gy chong, (2). S c r r nhin liu S c r r nhin liu dng lng hay kh khi xy ra s gy ra nhng tc hi ln (nht l r r cc hp cht dng kh) nh gy c cho con ngi, ng thc vt, gy chy, n, ... Cc s c loi ny c th dn ti thit hi ln v kinh t - x hi cng nh h sinh thi trong khu vc v cc vng ln cn. (3). S c chy n S c chy n c th xy ra trong trng hp vn chuyn v tn cha nhin liu, h thng cp in gp s c, gy nn cc thit hi v ngi v ca trong qu trnh thi cng. C th xc nh cc nguyn nhn c th nh sau: Cc kho cha nguyn nhin liu (xng, du DO, du FO, ...) l cc ngun gy chy n. Khi s c xy ra c th gy ra thit hi c v ngi, kinh t v mi trng; H thng cp in cho cc nh my c th gy ra s c git, chp, chy n, gy thit hi v kinh t hay tai nn lao ng cho cng nhn;n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM 41


Do cc trng hp s c ny c th xy ra bt k lc no, nn Ch u t bo m p dng cc bin php phng chng, khng ch hiu qu nhm hn ch ti a cc tc ng tiu cc ny. 3.2. I TNG, QUY M B TC NG 3.2.1. i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on thi cng xy dng i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on xy dng c trnh by trong bng 3.4. Bng 3.4. i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on thi cng xy dng. Stt i tng b tc ng Quy m b tc ng 1 Thm thc vt Ton b thm thc vt trong din tch 17.920 ha ca khu t d n. 2 t ai Ton b t ai trong khu vc d n. 3 ng giao thng Khong hn 30 km quc l 13 v ng giao thng quy hoch. 4 Bu kh quyn khu vc Bn knh nh hng khong 3 km tnh t tm d n khu t d n. 5 Knh rch gn khu vc Sui nh cch nh xng 1.700 m v pha ty d n 6 Cng nhn Ton b cng nhn trn cng trng. 7 Nhn dn a phng Cc h dn gn khu vc d n. 3.2.2. i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on vn hnh hot ng i tng v quy m b tc ng trong giai on hot ng ca d n c a ra trong bng 3.5. Bng 3.5. i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on hot ng Stt i tng b tc ng Quy m b tc ng 1 Mi trng khng kh khu vc Bn knh nh hng khong 3km tnh t tm khu vc d n 2 Knh, rch gn khu vc thc hin Sui nh tip nhn mt lng ln d n nc ma chy trn qua khu vc d n cng nh nc thi sinh hot ca cn b cng nhn vin trong khu vc d n. 3 ng giao thng Cc ng giao thng quy hoch trong khu vc d n; Cc ng giaon v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM 42


4 Cng nhn 5 C dn a phng

thng trong tuyn vn chuyn nhin vt liu, sn phm. Tuyn ng quc l 13 Ton b cng nhn lm vic trong nh my Cc h dn sng gn khu vc d n

3.3. NH GI TC NG MI TRNG 3.3.1. nh gi tc ng mi trng trong giai on xy dng 3.3.1.1. Tc ng ca cc ngun gy nhim mi trng khng kh Cc hot ng v ngun gy tc ng trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng d n nh c trnh by trong bng 3.1 trn sinh ra cc tc nhn gy nhim mi trng khng kh nh sau: Bi do o p t ct san lp mt bng; Bi pht sinh do qu trnh vn chuyn v bc d: + Khi lng thc vt do pht quang mt bng; + Ct, t phc v cng tc san lp mt bng; + Nguyn vt liu phc v xy dng (, ct, xi mng, st, vv..); + Thit b my mc phc v xy dng cc cng trnh ca nh my; Bi, hi xng du pht sinh trong qu trnh tp kt, lu tr nhin, nguyn, vt liu; Bi than v cc cht kh SO2, NO2, CO, THC do khi thi ca xe ti vn chuyn t ct san lp, khi thi xe c gii vn chuyn cy ci, ct, t, , vt liu, thit b, nhin liu..., khi thi ca cc thit b my mc phc v xy dng (ba my, xe cu,...); Nhin, nguyn vt liu ri vi (ct, , xi mng, xng du, sn,); Bc x nhit t cc qu trnh thi cng c gia nhit, khi hn (nh qu trnh ct, hn st thp; ct, hn lp rp thit b; t nng chy Bitum tri nha ng ...); Ting n, rung do cc phng tin giao thng vn chuyn, cc my mc thit b; Mi hi pht sinh t khu v sinh tm ca cng nhn, t ni tp trung cht thi sinh hot ca cng nhn. Cc tc nhn trn gy nhiu tc ng, nh hng n mi trng v sc khe cng nhn. Trong , tc ng do bi, kh thi phng tin giao thng vn chuynn v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM 43


v ting n l ba tc ng ch yu nht ca qu trnh thi cng xy dng. Cc tc ng ny s c nh gi chi tit nh sau: (1). nhim do bi trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng a). nhim do bi trong qu trnh gii phng mt bng Trong qu trnh gii phng mt bng, bi pht sinh trn khu vc d n do vic pht quang. Tuy nhin, bi pht sinh c tnh cht cc b, di ng, rt gin on v pht tn trn din tch 17.920 m2 rng v trng cy xanh, rt thong ( trn tng din tch 26.500 m2 ca cng ty) , nn mc nhim khng kh do bi trong trng hp ny c nh hng hon ton khng ng k ti sc khe cng nhn v dn c sng ti khu vc xung quanh. b). nhim do bi pht sinh t vn chuyn t san lp mt bng Trong san lp mt bng d n, th cc hot ng o, p v vn chuyn t san lp s lm pht sinh ra bi (bi l lng v bi lng). Theo nh c tnh mt bng ca ton khu phi c san lp ln trung bnh khong 0,4 m, tuy nhin ch u t san lp trc khong 9.000 m2 nn trong giai on ny ch tin hnh nng nn pha sau ln. Do vy d n cn lng t san lp tng ng l 3.600 m3 khi lng t. Ti trng t trung bnh l 1,45 tn/m3, nn tng khi lng t s c o p l khong 5.220 tn. Vi h s nhim bi trung bnh l 0,134 kg/tn t san lp, th tng ti lng bi pht sinh trung bnh do vic o, p trong thi gian san lp mt bng l khong 699,48 kg. Bi pht sinh bao gm bi l lng v bi lng, cho nn vic xc nh ring nng bi l lng l rt kh khn do hin nay cn thiu cc phng php nh gi v cc kt qu nghin cu trnh din v xc nh hm lng bi l lng ph bin trong cc trng hp ny. V vy, y ch c tnh s b h s pht thi bi b mt v nng bi trong th tch tc ng b mt i vi con ngi theo phng php nh gi s b ca T chc Y t Th gii (WHO). Kt qu c trnh by trong bng 3.6. Bng 3.6. H s pht thi v nng bi c tnh pht sinh trong qu trnh san lp Ti lng * H s pht thi bi b mt ** Nng bi trung bnh *** 2 (kg/ngy) (g/m /ngy) (mg/m3) 34,974 3,24 4,8575 Ngun: Cng ty CP T PT CN MT Thi Bnh Dng, 2010 Ghi ch:



* : Ti lng (kg/ngy) = Tng ti lng bi (kg)/ S ngy thi cng (ngy) S ngy thi cng san lp mt bng l 20 ngy; ** : H s ti lng bi b mt (g/m2/ngy )= Ti lng (kg/ngy) x 103 / Din tch (m2) Din tch mt bng d n cn san lp l 9000 m2; *** : Nng trung bnh (mg/m3) = Ti lng (kg/ngy) x 106 / 24 / V 3 (m ) Th tch tc ng trn mt bng d n V = S x H vi S = 30.000 m2 v H = 10 m (v chiu cao o cc thng s kh tng l 10 m) ; Theo bng 3.6, h s pht thi bi b mt v nng bi trung bnh c gi tr rt cao (3,24 g/m2/ngy v 4,8575 mg/m3). Nu so snh vi QCVN 05-2009 (trung bnh 0,3 mg/m3) th nng bi trung bnh pht sinh trn khu vc d n trong qu trnh chun b mt bng xy dng vt rt xa so vi tiu chun cho php. Tuy nhin, trong thc t nng bi l lng cc i trn khu vc d n s thp rt hn nhiu do lng bi lng s nhanh chng lng t trn b mt din tch d n. Bn cnh do b mt thong rng vi gi thi u, tc ng nh hng nhim do bi s gim mnh theo bn knh pht tn bi (khong 3.000 m) v nm trong mc tiu chun cho php. c). nhim do bi t cc cng on thi cng xy dng khc Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng, bi cn pht sinh do qu trnh vn chuyn v bc d t ct, nguyn nhin vt liu, thit b my mc thi cng xy dng. Ngoi ra bi cn pht sinh trong qu trnh tp kt, lu tr nhin, nguyn, vt liu. Tuy nhin, do phn ln khi lng t ct, thit b my mc c vn chuyn bng ng b v trn nhng on ng t dn c nn lng bi pht sinh trong qu trnh vn chuyn khng gy nh hng nhiu n dn c. Tc ng ca bi ch nh hng cc b ti ni bc d, pht sinh gin on v pht tn trn din tch rng 17.920 m2 nn tc ng khng ln. Ngoi ra, Ch u t s p dng cc bin php gim thiu bi v trang b y phng tin bo h lao ng cho cng nhn nn tc ng s cng c gim nh. Tm li, tc ng nh hng do bi trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng l mc cho php. Song, v y l dng bi lng trn b mt v s pht tn mnh khi c gi lc, dng git, nn Ch u t p dng cc bin php gim thiu bi v bo m y trang b bo h lao ng cho cng nhn nhm bo v an ton sc khe v nng lc lm vic ca cng nhn thi cng.



i vi khu dn c xung quanh, th tc ng nhim do bi l khng ng k do nm kh xa khu vc thi cng, din tch t cn li ch u t trng cy xanh v khng chu nh hng tc ng trc tip. (2). nhim do kh thi t cc phng tin vn chuyn v t cc thit b my mc thi cng xy dng Cc ngun tc ng trn gy nhim do s dng cc loi nhin liu t chy (xng, du DO,) lm pht sinh kh thi gy tc ng trc tip n cng nhn thi cng v mi trng khng kh xung quanh. a). nhim do kh thi t cc phng tin vn chuyn t san lp Khi lng t phi vn chuyn san lp mt bng d n nh c tnh trn l 3.600 m3 tc khong 5.220 tn. Khi lng t ny s c vn chuyn bng xe ti c ti trng 10 tn dng du DO (hm lng lu hunh 0,5%). Nh th s lt xe vo cn thit vn chuyn lng t trn l khong 522 lt xe. S lt xe ra khng ti (xe khng ti c ti trng < 3,5 tn) quy i thnh loi xe c trng ti 10 tn s l : 522 / 2,9 = 180 lt xe. Vy, tng s lt xe (trng ti 10 tn) vo ra cn thit vn chuyn lng t ct trn l khong (522 + 180) = 702 lt xe vo ra khu vc d n. Khi lng t san lp l tng i ln ln v vy s lng xe cng kh ln, tuy nhin qung ng vn chuyn li rt ngn, ch khong 1km v t san lp c ly t t bc b mt ca khu t nm cnh d n. Trn c s nh gi nhanh ca T chc Y t th gii (WHO) thit lp i vi loi xe vn ti s dng du DO c ti trng 3,5 - 16,0 tn, th tng ti lng cc cht nhim trong kh thi t cc phng tin vn chuyn t thi cng c c tnh nh trong bng 3.7. Bng 3.7. Ti lng cc cht nhim trong kh thi sinh ra t cc phng tin vn chuyn t thi cng. H s Tng ti Ti lng Tng chiu di Cht nhim lng (kg/thi trung bnh Stt tnh ton nhim (kg/1.000 gian thi cng) ngy (1.000 km) km) (kg/ngy) 01 Bi 0,9 5,04 4,54 0,227 02 SO2 4,15 S 5,04 10,50 0,525 03 NOx 14,4 5,04 72,58 3.629 04 CO 2,9 5,04 14,62 0,731 05 THC 0,8 5,04 4,03 0,202n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM 46


Ngun: Cng ty CP T PT CN MT Thi Bnh Dng, 2010 Ghi ch : S l hm lng lu hunh (%) trong du DO, vi S = 0,5; Thi gian thi cng l 20 ngy. b). nhim do kh thi t cc phng tin giao thng, vn chuyn nguyn nhin vt liu, my mc thit b v t cc my mc, thit b thi cng xy dng Tc ng nhim do kh thi t cc phng tin giao thng, vn chuyn nguyn nhin vt liu, my mc thit b trong cc hot ng thi cng xy dng khc ca d n, hoc do hot ng ca cc my mc, thit b thi cng xy dng l rt kh d bo c th do thiu cc s liu tnh ton tin cy, nht l do thiu cc s liu c th v tng khi lng nguyn nhin vt liu, thit b, my mc cn thit vn chuyn hoc v s lng v cng sut ca cc my mc, thit b thi cng hot ng c pht thi kh thi trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng d n. (3). nhim do ting n t cc phng tin giao thng, thit b thi cng nc ta cha c tiu chun quy nh c th v mc ting n cho cng tc thi cng xy dng ni chung. Tuy nhin, theo tiu chun ban hnh v mc cho php ting n ti khu vc lao ng (TCVN 3985-1985) v gii hn ti a cho php ting n khu vc cng cng v dn c (TCVN 5949-1998), th mc n ln nht cho php l 85 dBA trong khu vc sn xut v mc n thp nht l 40 dBA ti cc bnh vin, th vin, nh iu dng, trng hc t 22 gi n 6 gi sng. i vi khu dn c, mc n ti a cho php (TCVN 5949-1995) khng c vt qu 75 dBA. Nh vy, vi mc n pht ra t hot ng ca cc thit b thi cng trn cng trng nh trnh by trong bng 3.9 di y, th mc n cc i do cc thit b thi cng gy ra u vt qu tiu chun cho php i vi khu dn c. Tuy nhin, khu vc thi cng d n nm rng v thong, nn tc ng ny l khng ng k. Bng 3.8. Mc n sinh ra t hot ng ca cc thit b thi cng trn cng trng. Stt Thit b Mc n (dBA), cch ngun n 15 m 01 My i 93,0 02 My khoan 87,0 03 My m nn (xe lu) 72,0 - 74,0 04 My xc gu trc 72,0 - 84,0 05 Gu ngc 72,0 - 93,0 06 My ko 77,0 - 96,0 07 My cp t 80,0 - 93,0 09 My lt ng 87,0 - 88,5 10 Xe ti 82,0 - 94,0n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM 47


My trn b tng 75,0 - 88,0 Bm b tng 80,0 - 83,0 My p b tng 85,0 Cn trc di ng 76,0 - 87,0 My pht in 72,0 - 82,5 My nn 75,0 - 87,0 Ba chn v my khoan 81,0 - 98,0 My ng cc 95,0 - 106,0 Ngun: Cng ty CP T PT CN MT Thi Bnh Dng, 2010 Trong khi , mc n cc i ca cc loi xe c gii c tng hp theo cc ti liu k thut v trnh by nh trong bng 3.10 di y. Bng 3.9. Mc n ca cc loi xe c gii. Stt Loi xe Mc n (dBA) 01 Xe du lch 77 02 Xe mini bus 84 03 Xe vn ti 93 04 Xe m t 4 th 94 05 Xe m t 2 th 80 Ngun: Cng ty CP T PT CN MT Thi Bnh Dng, 2010 Theo bng ny, th n cc i ca cc loi xe vn ti (93 dBA) cng vt qu tiu chun cho php i vi khu dn c. Do , Ch u t p dng cc bin php khng ch nhim ting n do cc phng tin giao thng vn ti, nht l khi i ngang qua khu vc dn c, gim thiu tc ng nhim do ting n ca cc xe vn ti i vi khu vc dn c trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng d n. (4). nh gi tc ng ca cc cht gy nhim khng kh Cc tc ng xu ti cht lng mi trng khng kh trn khu vc d n do hot ng thi cng khai hoang, xy dng Bi sinh ra do hot ng pht quang, n h cy rng, san i ph hu thm thc vt xy dng nh kho, nh ngh cng nhn, gy nhim cc b mi trng khng kh trn khu vc d n. Kh thi sinh ra do hot ng thu gom, vn chuyn cy, gc, cnh v l cy ra khi khu vc d n, a v a im tp kt thi b quy nh v my pht in. Mi hi do qu trnh x l t bng vi bt, thuc tr c, tr su hoc do phn hy nc thi sinh hot, rc thi sn xut v sinh hot cng nhn. Ting n pht sinh do cc hot ng khai hoang mt bng, x l t, xy dng nh kho, nh ngh cng nhn v my pht in trn khu vc d n.n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM 48

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18


Tc ng ca cc cht gy nhim khng kh c th hin qua bng 3.10 di y. Bng 3.10. Tc ng ca cc cht gy nhim khng kh. Stt Cht gy nhim Tc ng 1 Bi - Kch thch h hp, x ho phi, ung th phi - Gy tn thng da, gic mc mt, bnh ng tiu ho 2 Kh axt - Gy nh hng h h hp, phn tn vo mu (SOx, NOx) - SO2 c th nhim c qua da, lm gim d tr kim trong mu - To ma axt nh hng xu ti s pht trin thm thc vt v cy trng - Tng cng qu trnh n mn kim loi, ph hy vt liu b tng v cc cng trnh nh ca - nh hng xu n kh hu, h sinh thi v tng zon 3 Oxyt cacbon (CO) - Gim kh nng vn chuyn xy ca mu n cc t chc, t bo do CO kt hp vi hemoglobin v bin thnh cacboxyhemoglobin 4 Kh cacbonic (CO2) - Gy ri lon h hp phi - Gy hiu ng nh knh - Tc hi n h sinh thi 5 Tng hydrocarbons - Gy nhim c cp tnh : suy nhc, chng mt, (THC) nhc u, ri lon gic quan c khi gy t vong Ngun: Cng ty CP T PT CN MT Thi Bnh Dng, 2010 3.3.1.2. Tc ng ca cc ngun gy nhim mi trng nc Cc tc nhn gy nhim mi trng nc trong giai on xy dng d n l: Nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn nhn s gy nhim cc b ngun nc mt v nc ngm trn khu vc d n. Nc ma chy trn qua ton b khu t d n cun theo t ct, rc ri xung ngun nc mt, lm tng t bin c v gy nhim cc b cht lng ngun nc mt Bi, t, ct, , nguyn nhin vt liu nh xi mng, xng du, sn, ri vi, r r. khng thu gom ng quy nh gy nhim cc b ngun t, nc mt v nc ngm trn khu vc d n do qu trnh phn hu v cun tri theo nc ma, (1). nhim do nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn thi cng xy dng



Tc ng n mi trng nc do qu trnh thi cng xy dng d n ch yu do nc thi sinh hot ca cc cng nhn xy dng. Thnh phn cc cht nhim ch yu trong nc thi sinh hot gm: Cc cht cn b, cc cht l lng (SS), cc hp cht hu c (BOD/COD), cc cht dinh dng (N, P) v vi sinh gy bnh (Coliform, E.Coli). Nc thi sinh hot cha nhiu cht hu c d phn hy, cha lng ln cc khun Coli v cc vi khun gy bnh khc nn c th gy nhim ngun nc mt v nc ngm nu khng c x l. Do c tnh sinh hot vng nng thn l s dng ngun nc mt, nc ngm tng nng cha qua giai on x l nn kh nng lan truyn bnh l rt ln. Lu lng nc thi sinh hot c tnh ton trn c s nh mc nc thi v s lng cng nhn. Theo tiu chun xy dng, nh mc nc cp sinh hot l 120 lt/ngi.ngy. nh mc pht sinh nc thi sinh hot l 96 lt/ngi/ngy.m (tng ng khong 80% nc cp). Theo c tnh trung bnh mi ngy c 100 cng nhn lao ng trn cng trng d n. Nh vy, tng lu lng nc thi sinh hot pht sinh trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng d n l khong 9,6 m3/ngy. Theo tnh ton thng k, i vi nhng quc gia ang pht trin th h s nhim do mi ngi hng ngy a vo mi trng (khi nc thi sinh hot cha qua x l) nh c trnh by trong bng 3.11. Bng 3.11. H s nhim do mi ngi hng ngy sinh hot a vo mi trng (nc thi sinh hot cha qua x l). Stt Cht nhim H s (g/ngi/ngy) 01 BOD5 45 54 02 COD 72 102 03 Cht rn l lng (SS) 70 145 04 Du m phi khong 10 30 05 Tng nit (N) 6 12 06 Amoni (N-NH4) 2,4 4,8 07 Tng photpho (P) 0,8 4,0 Ngun: Rapid Environmental Assessment, WHO, 1995. Cn c vo cc h s nhim tnh ton nhanh nu trn, c th d bo ti lng cc cht nhim sinh ra t nc thi sinh hot trong giai on thi cng xy dng d n nh c trnh by trong bng 3.12. Bng 3.12. Ti lng cht nhim sinh ra t nc thi sinh hot (cha qua x l) trong giai on thi cng xy dng d n.n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM 50


Cht nhim Ti lng (kg/ngy) BOD5 9,0 10,8 COD 14,4 20,4 Cht rn l lng (SS) 14,0 29,0 Du m 2,0 6,0 Tng nit (N) 1,2 2,4 Amoni (N-NH4) 0,48 0,96 Tng photpho (P) 0,16 0,8 Ngun: Cng ty CP T PT CN MT Thi Bnh Dng, 2010 Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot c tnh ton da trn ti lng nhim, lu lng nc thi v hiu sut x l ca b t hoi (2 ngn), kt qu c trnh by trong bng 3.13. Bng 3.13. Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot. Nng cc cht nhim (mg/l) X l bng QCVN Stt Cht nhim Khng qua b t hoi (2 14:2008/BTNMT X l ngn) (ct B) 01 pH 59 02 BOD5 468 562 188 225 50 03 COD 750 1.062 300 425 80 04 Cht rn l lng (SS) 729 1.510 292 604 100 05 Du m 104,2 312,5 41,7 125,0 20 06 Tng nit (N) 62,5 125,0 25,0 50,0 10 07 Amoni (N-NH4) 25 50 10 20 30 08 Tng photpho (P) 8,33 41,66 3,33 16,67 6 Tng coliform 09 106 109 108 5.000 (MPN/100ml) Ngun: Cng ty CP T PT CN MT Thi Bnh Dng, 2010 Ghi ch : Quy chun p dng : QCVN 14 : 2008 quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi sinh hot Nhn xt: So snh vi tiu chun c th thy rng, khi nc thi cha qua x l hoc a qua x l s b bng b t hoi (2 ngn), th cc ch tiu nhim u vt tiu chun cho php. Tuy nhin, do iu kin thi cng trong thi gian ngn, iu kin mt bng c kh khn v phc tp trn cng trng, nn Ch d n ch thc hin bin php khng ch nhim nc thi sinh hot bng cch s dng cc b t hoi hai ngn t thm. iu ny c th chp nhn c v lu lng v ti lng nhim trongn v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM 51

Stt 01 02 03 04 05 06 07


nc thi trong giai on xy dng l khng nhiu. Vn n

Documents

ĐTM gạch Tuynel ngay 4.12