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NG NG V B CHA
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CHNG I TNG QUAN V BN CHA DU KH1. Gii thiuTrong cng nghip ha du
!"c c# c$c ho%! &'ng (#n )u"! *un *$n !+n !r, &-u .i/n
0uan &1n 2h3u *+n *4 ch5a6B+n *4 ch5a !i1p nh7n ngu89n .iu
!r5:c 2hi &;a n r"! ! L @'! (F 2ho .In
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Ch>?"4 2THI@T K@ BN CHA
B+n ch5a !rong ng=nh du 2h ch 81u dung &4 ch5a c$c (#n ph@
nhi9n .iu nh; 2h)_ng ^e i hji
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8/10/2019 ng ng V B Cha
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Bu!an w a! Bupro y| a!i hji !a ph#i c c$cph;:ng $n *#o
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. C5( "h h>W"4 th #3( X" &'" (h)*.1 Y6 7u8t # :i( (3( %i=
$p (u"! .In nh"! cho php !%i &nh ca *+n ch5a L
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^o 2ho#ng ch1! !r/n n9n *4 2hng &;Ec ch5a &8 n1u 0u$
&Mnh @5c !hY (s &;Ec *$o&'ng *Li &kn *$o &'ng L
@5c high ./
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Ch>?"4 9THI C[NG BN CHA
y6 TZ"4 \u*" thi ("4 &'" (h)*
N-n *+n ch5a ph#i &;Ec !hi1! 21 nh; @'! ch3n &] dSo
dai
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2.2 Ki] tJ* 8tNg;Qi !a !h;Qng d{ng ph;:ng php !hR &' !h"@
hYnh nn ca ^u!ch ^CT( nhn,g .K
2hoan !ha8 !h1 ha8 php !hR &' !h"@ !i9u chun XT (s &;Ec
ch"p nh7n n1u nh,ng php!hR ^CT( 2hng 2h# !hi6 Nh,nh php !hR !rong
ph>ng !h nghi@ !r9n nh,ng .K 2hoan (s)$c &Mnh !nh ch"!
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HKn hEp *i!u@/c$! c !h4 &;Ec r#i *\ng !a8 nh;ng phn .In !hi
cng &-u (R dng !hi1!*M chu89n dng6 B- d=8 hKn hEp !h;Qng d{ng
.= b@@6
HKn hEp c$! ph#i dW d=ng .i9n 21! i hji giIi
h%n c"p &' do hKn hEp &;Ec !r'n ! nhi-u ngu+n c$! c c"p
&' r'ng6 Tu8 nhi9n hKn hEp@ong @uFn n9n ! |yb &i 0ua r38
bb@/(h6
Bi!u@/ .= @'! ph3n &o%n 2/ro(/n &P! *i! &q &;Ec
pha ch1 (n
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8/10/2019 ng ng V B Cha
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N-n &9 ch5a ch"! )Fp r cao ha8 c$c ?"4 6h56 thi ("4 &'"
(h)*Fi
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8/10/2019 ng ng V B Cha
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h;:ng ph$p n=8 $p dng cho c$c .o%i *4 ni6 Trong giai &o%n
&u 0u$ !rYnh &;Ec !i1nh=nh !;:ng !J nh; ph;:ng ph$p h=n
ho=n !hin
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8/10/2019 ng ng V B Cha
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Tr;Ic 2hi h=n c$c !"@ !hp .%i n !a8
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8/10/2019 ng ng V B Cha
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n6 B+n &;Ec .=@ ni &;Ec &8 .9n &1n n-n @ng
&q chun *M !%i
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Ch>?"4 ng 2h6
Th3n
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V*" &>MVan *;I@ .= ng ch#8 ng;Ec6 .= d%ng
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8/10/2019 ng ng V B Cha
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9. Dp"4 (p $Trong c$c *4 ch5a du !h )o CPp nhi! &in Nhi! 21
&in !rLChi"t k 7n# kimC: ch1 ho%! &'ng ca .o%i nhi! 21
.;]ng 2i@ &;Ec !%o *\ng c$ch nung ch#8 cho hai
!hanh 2i@ .o%i dnh a !_ng .9n6 XJ !_ng $p (u"! n=8 !$c &'ng
.9n Fng )oln ru'! g=.=@ ho n giqn ra .=@ chu84n &'ng 2i@ ch
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8/10/2019 ng ng V B Cha
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E5p nhi"t i"n:u &i4@ .In nh"! ca cPp nhi! &' (ang !n hiu
&in ! & c$c 2 (; c !h4 dW d=ng )R
. !n hiu n=8 !rong d38 chu8-n !J &'ng ha n &4 )$c
&Mnh .uong 2h ha .on@g| !rong *+n6P! d{ c$c *+n &-u c
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h%n (;
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h;:ng ph$p !i1p )Dc ch 81u &;Ec d{ng cho *+n ch5a c$c h%!
rln !u8 nhi9n c !h4d{ng cho *+n ch"! .jng6 V- @P! ngu89n !lc !hY
2hng c gY 2h$c *i! 2hi !ha8 &i .o%i ng &in &Joc ghi
nh7n nhQ c#@ *i1n cho *i1! ch"! .jng &q d3ng &1n @Jc 0ui
&Mnh ha8ch;a6 BF !r &u d> L nhi-u a ca ch"! .jng6 Nh;
(ng (i9u 3@ &;Ec nFi
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!h=nh nh,ng chK n5! g38 ra *9n !rong !hp6 Nh,ng n chua nh; phn
!r9n6
X#n ph@ ! 0u$ !rYnh _n @>n !hp !h;Qng r"! nhi-u n &in ha
.= @'! hin !;Eng ha h?c c .i9n 0uan chP! chs &1n 2i@ .o%i 0u$
!rYnh
_n @>n )#8 ra !rong @i !r;Qng &in .8 !5c .= c (J hin din
ca n;Ic nh; nhZ !;:ng dun;Ic @uFiO _n @>n &in ha ch )#8 ra
ch 81u !%i *- @P! *9n ngo=i ca &;Qng Fng6
T%i 2hu Anod 2i@ .o%i (l! f/ nh;Qng /./c!ron (s &;Ec &P!
L nlp *+n6 ng
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24/59
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8/10/2019 ng ng V B Cha
25/59
9.< C5( thiXt & hR tJv -h5(C$c !hi1! *M n=8 giDp 2i4@ !ra
*+n c$c !hng (F 2 !hu7! ca *+n6 C$c !hR nghi@ n=8
&-u !h/o !i9u chun A6 C$c !hi1! *M &o chi-u cao ca *+n
&' .Dn ca n-n 2i4@ (o$! chu
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8/10/2019 ng ng V B Cha
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ch$8 (s !h/o n;Ic phun
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8/10/2019 ng ng V B Cha
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h," 2Kw THUxT yzNG {NG
CHNG PTHI@T K@ H| TH{NG yzNG {NG
1. TZ"4 \u*"c !i9u chnh ca !hi1! 21 .= !hu !h7p (F .iu hYnh
!h=nh c$c !;Lng chnh .a ch?nph;:ng ph$p !hch hEp cung c"p c: (L
!hng !in &4 !hJc hin !hi1! 21 chi !i1!6
C$c 0u$ !rYnh !hi1! 21 cho c$c &;Qng Fng &"! .i-n
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Ngo=i ra c$c @5c &' !r$ch nhi@ &Fi
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ngha ca nghi9n c5u &' gn nhau !rong !hi1! 21 2h$i ni@ ca
&;Qng Fng &"! .i-n .=ch ra c$c
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chMu #nh h;Lng ph5c !%p ca d>ng ch#8 &$8 *i4n 21! hEp r !
c$c &;Qng Fng .= &i-u 2hng !h4 ch"p nh7n c#
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du 2h6 C$c !i9u chun 2 !hu7! cng ngh )$c &Mnh c$c 89u cu 2
!h3! !rong 0u$ !rYnh!hi1! 21 @ua *$n
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Vic $p dng *- d=8 cho php _n @>n c !h4 &;Ec !nh &1n
n1u c (J hin din c$c ch"!_n @>n c{ng n ng?! HX _n @>n chua
e_n @>n o)i ha *\ng o)i
5c &' _n @>n &;Ec 2i4@ (o$! *Li c$ *i1n cF ng
ch#8Ngo=i ra &' _n @>n chMu !$c dng ph nh; TrYnh &' c$n
!hp C$c .o%i 5ng (u"! cF &Mnh n !Fc &' !h"p c !h4 &;Ec
)R . *\ng *- d=8 * (ung cho php _n @>n6Tr;Qng hEp _n @>n !Fc
&' cao h:n c !h4 &;Ec )R . *\ng c$ch (R dng c$c ch"! 5c ch1
_n@>n hoPc (R dng n @%nh ca c$c &i-u 2in _n @>n ! &"!
hoPc n;Ic *i4n6C$c h !hFng .Ip ph &;Qng Fng !h;Qng &;Ec (R
dng .= C$c .Ip ph *\ng nhJa &;Qng &;Ec !_ng c;Qng c: !nh
*\ng (Ei !h8 !inh hoPc nhJa
!han &$6 o.8/n!h8./n/ C$c .Ip ph /po)8 .i9n 21! *\ng ph;:ng
ph$p nng ch#82. F3* (h$" #6 (5(h "hitTrong 0u$ !rYnh !hi1! 21 2h$i
ni@ n9n )/@ )! &1n c$c 89u cu
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du8 !rY nhi! &' hoPc !hng !h;Qng nh"! .= d{ng !hoi c%o
&;Qng Fng pig6 C$c 2 !hu7! gi$n&o%n 2h$c c !h4 &;Ec (R
dng nh; ng3@ rRa &;Qng Fng *\ng )8./n/ hoPc !hi (%ch Fng*\ng 2h
c$c *in ph$p n=8 cZng c nh;Ec &i4@ .In .= !h"! !ho$! (#n ph@
!rong 0aD !rYnhng;ng ho%! &'ng nh= @$8 2hi c$c !hi1! *M can
!hip ng ch#8 *\ng c$ch (R dng .Ip c$ch nhi!
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^in !ch *- @P! ca c$c anod/ ph#i & .In &4 cung c"p &
c;Qng &' d>ng &in &4 *#o
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!rong & chi !i1! ha c$c 89u cu .Mch !rYnh ca !"! c# c$c ho%!
&'ng diWn ra !rong !hQi giand=i6
C$c ! . !hQi gian !rong n c c$c 5ng (u"! g38 ra *Li (J !ha8
&i nhi! &'6
;Qng Fng c !h4 chMu !#i !r?ng *9n ngo=i ch~ng h%n Fng d;Ii *i4n
!#i !r?ng .=
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Cng !h5c &:n gi#n nh"! &4 !nh 5ng (u"! (H g38 ra *Li $p
(u"! !rong ph;:ng !rYnh*ar.o
VIi p .= $p (u"! !rong^ .= &;Qng 2nh FngT .= *- d=8 FngCng
!h5c n=8 2hng c &' chnh )$c !F!6 1! 0u# !nh ! ph;:ng !rYnh n=8
!h;Qng cao
h:n 5ng (u"! !Fi &a do
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!h4 )#8 ra !u8 nhi9n (J ph$ h8 Fng *Li &=n h+i .un )#8 ra
&u !i9n ngo%i !r
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CHNG QUY TnNH F yzNG {NG
mu$ !rYnh )38 .lp &;Qng Fng &"! .i-n &>i hji (J
chun *M cn !h7n
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&1n &' (3u ca rqnh .= 89u cu (ao cho &;Qng Fng (ao
cho &;Qng Fng 2hng *M )3@ ph%@*Li c$c ho%! &'ng nng nghip6
' (3u !Fi !hi4u !hng !h;Qng !hja @qn cho 89u cu n=8 .=bw @ !rong
!r;Qng hEp &P! *i! c !h4 !_ng &' (3u n=8 .9n y @6
T%i c$c
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C$c &o%n Fng &:n hoPc Fng &i &;Ec r#i d?c !u81n
Fng *\ng c$c ph;:ng !in chu89n chL&Pc *i!
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nhanh c=ng !F! (ao cho nhi! &' ca Fng 2hng *M gi#@ !h"p 0u$
(au 2hi n .%i &;Ec !hJc hin *\ng c$c &'i h=n ri9ng *i!
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C$c )/ 2o cn cu hng n3ng c$c &;Qng Fng c .Ip ph &;Ec
!rang *M c$c gi=n &] c*$nh 0ua8 &4 &;Qng Fng c !h4
&;Ec &;a ng &in !h/ochu n=8 (R dng@'! &in $p
cao
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S6 Thi ("4 t%i (5( : tJ (bt "4*"4 E"4 \u* (5( -hu :3( q(
&itC$c chK cl! nhau 0ua (ng &;Qng (l! &;Qng *' .=
c$c
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C$c &o%n Fng &;Ec (R dng .=@ Fng nFi &;Ec cl! chnh
)$c
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n @>n do (ing n &in ha61.2 Th/$ h="h th5i " " th"4
th>}"4 r"! hi1@ gPp !rong !hJc !1 .o%i n=8 r"! dW &o &%!
n r"! !hng !h;Qng n .= 0u$ !rYnh _n @>n diWn ra do
nh,ng *i1n &i ca &i-u 2in @i !r;Qng6 mu$ !rYnh n=8 dW
2hFng ch1 n @L r'ng r"! ngu8 hi4@
c !h4 h%n ch1
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i vi h du - nc:hi ! . n;Ic !rong du ! n !h"p!hp (s !%o .Ip
cac*ona! 2h$c &4 !ha8 !h16 Tu8 nhi9n 2hi n cao .Ip cac*ona!!ha8
!h1 2hng hYnh !h=nh 2Mp !hQi 0u$ !rYnh _n @>n )#8 ra hin !;Eng
n=8 g?i .= _n @>n)i @>n6
T nh,ng 2inh nghi@ !hJc !1 ng ch#8 c !h4 &%! &1n b@z(
!r9n @5c n=8@Ii *l! &u ngu8 hi4@ !u8 nhi9n c>n ph !hu'c n6
Fi ng ch#8 cho !r;Ic h; hjng !h"8 r nh"! !%i nh,ng n do(unic g38 ra
c nh,ng d%ng (au
n @>n .K ! (J .lng &?ng ca ca!od a)i! rln6 n @>n .K
!%i nh,ng
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Trong @i !r;Qng chua nh .Ip i.@ &;Ec !%o !h=nh ! hKn hEp
(id/ri!/ n XXCC hYnh !h=nh do !$c &'ng .=@ d>n c5ng 2i@ .o%i
ca h8dro n 21! hEp !$c &'ngca 5ng (u"! n6
Mn mDn Lo nc t*on# Nn# %n#:N;Ic !h;Qng &;Ec *:@ n chnh
!rongn;Ic *i4n .= e)ig/n n1u (R dng n;Ic ng@ !hY 2hng c e)ig/n !u8
nhi9n c !h4 c CehoPc HX n ng?! ha8 _n @>n chua nh; L phn
!r9n6
X#n ph@ ! 0u$ !rYnh _n @>n !hp !h;Qng r"! nhi-u
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&;Ec *:@ n c$c chu89n gia 2hu89n r\ng n9n !Y@ 2i1@ !r;Ic 2hi
.Ja ch?n2 !hu7! )$c &Mnh _n @>n n nhi-u2inh nghi@6 XR dng
c$c ph;:ng ph$p 2i4@ !ra 2h$c nhau .un @ang .%i 21! 0u# !F!
h:n6
Vic gi,i .%i 21! 0u# 2i4@ !ra _n @>n r"! cn !hi1! cho
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VM !r &P! Coupon chD r\ng n n nh; _n @>n .K cn @'! n
&;Ec )$c &Mnh nh; (au
@@zn_@t+,
m
66
|b6
VIi @ .= 2hFi .;Eng 2i@ .o%i *M @"!A !i1! din *- @P! c@
2hFi .;Eng ri9ng ca 2i@ .o%i gzc@|
! !hQi gian ng=8Gi$ !rM !Fc &' _n @>n &;Ec !nh !
.;Eng 2i@ .o%i *M @"! n6 '! (F !r;Qng hEp !Fc &' _n @>n!nh
&;Ec L !rong 2ho#ng gi$ !rM c !h4 ch"p nh7n !u8 nhi9n &i-u
n=8 2hng !h4 21! .u7n &Fin .K nh;ng .K n=8 !i1p !c 2hoan
(3u
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bpo
=
=
i
+ol di
d-.
hi c;Qng &' d>ng &in *\ng b &in !h1 *\ng n6Gi,a
&in !rL ph3n cJc ng &in _n @>n c 0uan h nh; (au
( )az cmm,.
/
+olco##0 =
T &Mnh .u7! farada8 !Fc &' _n @>n *\ng yy6 co##i @@z
n_@H\ng (F B ph !hu'c n ng &in c .i9n 0uan &1n !nh _n
@>n ca @i !r;Qng6 Trong @i !r;Qng c !nh _n @>ngi$ !rM d>ng
!hu &;Ec r"! nhj c>n !rong @i !r;Qng c !nh _n @>n cao
d>ng &o &;Ec r"!.In6h;:ng ph$p n=8 (R dng ch c !nh
&Mnh !nh !rong
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u ."8 ph#i &%i din cho !o=n *' .;u ch"! 2hi @uFn )$c
&Mnh !%i @'! &i4@ n=o & ph#i."8 @u c=ng gn &i4@
& c=ng !F!6
ThQi gian ho%! &'ng ca @j 21! 0u# ph3n !ch cho @'! @j @Ii
ho%! &'ng n!h;Qng *M *i1n &i
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n (u8gi#@6 Gi$ !h=nh g"p .n !hp car*on !hng !h;Qng 2h$ dW h=n6
Tu8 nhi9n cn !r$nh hin!;Eng car*on ho$ L @Fi h=n
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= ph;:ng ph$p chFng _n @>n h,u hiu nh"! hin na8 !hng !h;Qng
(R dng 21! hEp
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8/10/2019 ng ng V B Cha
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nng &;Ec 2o ph .9n *- @P! &q &JEc .=@ (%ch
-
8/10/2019 ng ng V B Cha
56/59
1h 34ng 36t 7/ ho8c 36t 1 ThJc hin *\ng c$ch .=@ (%ch *- @P! *9n
ngo=i gianhi! cho &;Qng Fng (au & phun .Ip fB hoPc (R dng
dung dMch ca chDng cuFi c{ng&;Ec *?c *9n ngo=i *Li .Ip *_ng nh;
&q ni !r9n6
/ng cold-++li$d Ch 81u &;Ec (R dng cho &;Qng Fng ngo=i
2h:i 0u"n 0uanh c$c@Fi h=n (au & &;Ec ph .9n *\ng @'! .Ip
a(pha.! @a(!ic nng6
Up ph b4 m5t bn t*on# ca Nn# %n#:Ip ph *9n !rong nh\@ @c &ch
!%o ra @'! r=o ng_n c$ch gi,a .;u ch"! n ca nh,ng (#n ph@ c !nh _n
@>n6 Ip ph *9n!rong !h;Qng .= .Ip (:n /po)8 ngo=i n6 N &;Ec
cho
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Nh,ng .Ip i.@ !h;Qng *M *c
-
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Fi ng @'! chi-u 0ua @'! !hi1! *M g?i .= Tz6
Fi
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