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Paper EA1 Energy Auditor Set A Solutions

NATIONAL CERTIFICATION EXAMINATION 2004FOR

ENERGY AUDITORS

PAPER EA1: GENERAL ASPECTS OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT & ENERGY AUDITDate: 22.05.2004 Timings: 0930-1230 HRS Duration: 3 HRS Max. Marks: 150

General instructions:

o Please check that this question paper contains 7printed pages

o Please check that this question paper contains 65questions

o The question paper is divided into three sections

o All questions in all three sections are compulsory

o All parts of a question should be answered at one place

Section I: OBJECTIVE TYPE Marks: 50 x 1 = 50

(i) Answer all 50 questions(ii) Each question carries one mark(iii) Put a () tick mark in the appropriate box in the answer book

1. Indias share of the worlds total primary energy consumption in 2002 was

a) 2.1% b) 3.5% c) 5.4% d) 10.6%2. The second major commercial energy consuming sector in the country is

a) Industry b) Agriculture c) Residential d) Transport

3. Non-commercial energy is

a) not available in the market b) no definite price set c) always traded for freed) always ignored in energy accounting

4. If Rs. 1 Crore = US$ 200,000, then the annual current oil import bill of India is around

a) 1.6 Billion US$ b) 12 Billion US$ c) 16 Billion US$ d) 4 Billion US$

5. If the total installed power capacity in India was 100,000 MW at the beginning of2001 and is increased annually by 7%, then the installed capacity requirement10 years later will be

a) 215,804 MW b) 183,846 MW c) 210,485 MW d) 196,715 MW

6. A person can do the following with solar energy

a) destroy it b) convert it c) create it d) burn it

7. Select the source of stored mechanical energy

a) compressed spring b) electricity c) water stored in reservoir d) coal

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8. The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 o C isknown as

a) sensible heat b) specific heat c) heat capacity d) latent heat

9. A three phase induction motor is drawing 12 Ampere at 440 Volts. If the operatingpower factor of the motor is 0.85 and the motor efficiency is 96%, then themechanical shaft power output of the motor is

a) 7.46 kW b) 7.77 kW c) 5.3 kW d) 23.4 kW

10. The term missing in the following equation: Active Power = 1.732 x V x I x ?

a) sin phi b) cos phi c) efficiency d) a constant

11. Electrical resistance is defined as

a) Current/Voltage b) Voltage x Current c) Ohm x Voltage d) Voltage/Current

12. Energy management involves

a) combination of technical and managerial skills b) managerial skillsc) technical skills d) energy audit skills

13. Water flow in pipes is measured by

a) pitot tube b) x-rays c) doppler effect d) electric fields

14. The benchmark for energy performance parameter for air conditioning equipment is

a) kW/kg of refrigerant handled b) kW/ton of refrigerationc) kcal/m3 of chilled water d) kWh/ton of refrigeration

15. One kWh of electricity is equivalent to how many heat units in Btu ?

a) 860 b) 3412 c) 746 d) 12000

16. Matching energy usage to requirement means providing

a) just theoretical energy needed b) just the design needsc) energy with minimum losses d) less than what is needed

17. In a chemical process two reactants A (200 kg) and B (200 kg) are used. Ifconversion is 50% and A and B react in equal proportions, the mass of the productformed is

a) 300 kg b) 150 kg c) 400 kg d) 200 kg

18. Diagrammatic representation of input and output energy streams of an equipment orsystem is know as

a) mollier diagram b) sankey diagram c) psychrometric chartd) balance diagram

19. Coal with 30% ash is fired in a boiler. Coal consumption is 50 tonnes on a specificday. Clinker is formed by 1% of the ash sticking to boiler tubes. How many tonnes ofash are going out of the boiler on this day.

a) 14.85 b) 15 c) 15.15 d) 13.5

20. An oil fired boiler operates at an excess air of 15%. If the stochiometric air to fuelratio is 14 and oil consumption is 1000 kg per hour and 50% of the flue gas isdiverted to a dryer, then the mass of flue gas leaving the boiler chimney in kg/ hourwould be

a) 3,990 b) 14,010 c) 8,050 (8,550) d) 7,650

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21. In a force field analysis one of the indicators below is not considered a positive force

a) high price of energy b) energy efficient technology availablec) salary of staff d) lack of awareness

22. Which of the following is least important of a good energy information system

a) data accuracy b) data relevance c) data volume d) data validation

23. The first vital step in an energy management programme is

a) top management commitment b) measurements c) setting goals

d) energy audit

24. A public expression of an organizations commitment on energy conservation is

a) energy balance b) energy policy c) energy audit d) energy savings

25. What is not the duty of an energy manager

a) conduct an energy audit b) prepare an annual activity planc) report to BEE and state level designated agency once a yeard) prepare a scheme for efficient use of energy

26. The factor that reflects best on the risk of the project while evaluating the presentvalue of the expected future cash flow is

a) life of project b) fuel cost inflation c) loan interest rate d) discountrate

27. A sensitivity analysis is an assessment of

a) cash flows b) risks due to assumptions c) capital investment

d) best financing source

28. The Return of Investment, ROI, is expressed as

a) (first cost/first year benefits) x100 b) NPV/ IRRc) annual costs/capital cost d) (annual net cash flow/capital cost) x100

29. The Net Present Value of a project at a discount rate of 16% with an investment ofRs 50,000 at the beginning of the first year, and savings of Rs 23,000 and Rs 36,000at the end of the first and second year, respectively is

a) 6,581 b) -246 c) 862 d) 3,419 (-3419)

30. A sum of Rs 10,000 is deposited in a bank at the beginning of a year. The bank pays6% interest annually. How much money is in the bank account at the end of the fifth

year, if no money is withdrawn?a) 13,382 b) 12,625 c) 13,000 d) 10,937

31. A contract in which the costs are paid from all or part of the energy cost savings iscalled

a) performance contract b) traditional contractc) extended technical guarantee contractd) guaranteed savings performance contract

32. A path is characterized by 4 parameters such as ES = earliest start time, EF= earliestfinish time, LF = latest finish time, LS = latest start time. A path is critical if

a) ES=EF or EF=LF b) ES=LS and EF=LF

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c) ES=LS or EF=LF d) LF=EF and EF=LS

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33. The annual electricity bill for a plant is Rs 10 lakhs and accounts for 38% of the totalenergy bill. Furthermore the total energy bill increases by 5% each year. How high isthe plants annual energy bill at the end of the third year?

a) Rs 30.46 lakhs b) Rs 26.32 lakhs c) Rs 38.42 lakhs d) none of the above

34. In Project Management the critical path in the network is

a) the quickest path b) the shortest path c) the path from start to finishd) the path where no activities have slack

35. CPM in project management refers to

a) critical periodic management b) critical project monitoringc) critical path method d) cost project management

36. The major difference between CPM and PERT is

a) CPM provides graphic and PERT does notb) CPM uses fixed time estimates while PERT uses several time estimates c) CPM is an expansion of PERT

d) PERT is an expansion of CPM

37. The calorific value of coal is 4000 kCal/ kg. Find out the oil equivalent of 100 kg ofcoal if the calorific value of oil is 41,870 kJ/ kg

a) 40 kg b) 56 kg c) 52 kg d) None of the above

38. Fixed energy consumption can be determined from a

a) bar chart b) vertical line chart c) pie chart d) X Y coordinate system

39. Energy consumed for the period is given as 110 kWh for 10 tons and 200 kWh for 20tons of production. The fixed energy consumption in kWh is (No graph is needed toarrive at correct answer).

a) 10 b) 40 c) 20 d) None of the above

40. Large scattering on production versus energy consumption trend line indicates

a) poor process control b) many forced outagesc) poor process monitoring d) none of the above

41. The ratio of energy consumption to corresponding production is called

a) energy intensity b) specific energy consumptionc) production energy ratio d) specific production ratio

42. In a cumulative sum chart, if the graph is horizontal, then

a) nothing can be said b) energy consumption is reducedc) specific energy consumption is increasingd) actual and calculated energy consumption are the same

43. A firm substitutes (replaces) expensive oil and starts firing wood in a boiler. Thefollowing scenario is most likely

a) higher fuel cost b) better boiler efficiencyc) higher energy consumption d) less smoke in the stack

44. Assume project A has an IRR of 85% and NPV of Rs 15,000 and project B has anIRR of 25% and NPV of 200,000. Which project would you implement first if financingis available and project technical life is the same?

a) B b) A c) cannot be decided d) question does not make sense

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45. Which of the following is not a part of energy consumption monitoring

a) data recording b) data analysisc) data reporting d) energy costing

46. The commitment period for emission reductions of industrialized countries as perKyoto protocol is

a) since 2001 b) 2008 2012 c) there is none d) 2012 -2022

47. Global warming is mostly caused by emission of

a) sulfur dioxide b) carbon monoxide c) carbon dioxide d) methane

48. Under the Kyoto Protocol India has to cut emissions by

a) 0% b) + 8% c) -8% d) 12%

49. The process under the Kyoto Protocol by which industrialized countries may investinto or buy certified emission reductions is called.

a) cleaner development mechanism b) clean development mechanismc) prototype carbon trading d) none of the above

50. The ozone depletion process is due to

a) Carbon Dioxide b) UV light breaking the ozonec) Nitrogen d) chlorine atoms destroying ozone molecules

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Solution Key for Objective Type

Question Auditor A Question Auditor A1 b 26 b, d2 d 27 b3 b 28 d4 c 29 ALL5 d 30 a6 b 31 d7 a 32 b8 c 33 a9 a 34 d10 b 35 c11 d 36 b12 a 37 a13 c 38 d14 b 39 c15 b 40 a

16 c 41 b17 d 42 d18 b 43 c19 a 44 a20 ALL1 45 d21 d 46 b22 c 47 c23 a 48 a24 b 49 b25 a 50 d

-------- End of Section - I ---------

1ALL = One mark was awarded to all the examinees who have marked an answer for Question 20 & 29and for Q26 one mark was awarded to examines who marked answer either b or d

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Section - II: SHORT DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS Marks: 10 x 5 = 50

(i) Answer all Ten questions(ii) Each question carries Five marks

S-1 Classify the types of energy available on earth.

a) primary and secondary energyb) commercial and non commercialc) renewable and non-renewable

S-2 List five forms of energy with examples.

a) chemical energy (coal and oil)b) nuclear energy (uranium atom)c) stored mechanical energy( rubber band, compressed springs)

d) gravitational energy (water reservoir)e) kinetic energy ( all moving objects).f) radiant energy (solar energy, radio waves)g) electrical energy (movement of electrons)

S-3 A 10 kW rated motor has a full load efficiency of 85%. Actual inputmeasurement at a particular loading shows 415 Volt, 10 Amps, and PF of0.68. Find out the motor loading in percentage.

Solution

Active power consumption at a particular loading = 3 kV x I x cos = 3 x 0.415 x 10 x 0.68= 4.89 kW

10 kW means rated output power of the motor. When evaluating the load this has tobe corrected to input condition by dividing this by efficiency.

Full rated input power = 10 /0.85

= 11.76 kW

Hence the motor loading = 4.89/11.76

= 41.58 %

S-4 Explain the difference between specific heat and heat capacity.

(i) Specific heat of a substance is the energy supplied to raise the temperatureof 1 kg of the substance by 1 C, while

(ii) The heat capacity of a substance is the energy required to raise thetemperature of the entire mass of the substance by 1 C.

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S-5 Give any five bench marking parameters followed for either equipment orindustrial production.

a) kWh/ton of refrigeration (air conditioner)b) % thermal efficiency (steam boiler)c) kWh/liter (oil fired furnace or diesel generator)d) kWh/ m3n( compressed air)e) kWh/ton of clinker (cement industry)f) kcal/kWh (gross heat rate in power plants)g) kWh/kg (yarn in textile industry)

S-6 State definition of energy audit as defined in the Energy Conservation Act2001.

Energy audit means the verification, monitoring and analysis of use of energyincluding submission of technical report containing recommendations for

improving energy efficiency with cost benefit analysis and action plan to reduceenergy consumption

S-7 Calculate the net present value over a period of 3 years for a project with oneinvestment of Rs 50,000 at the beginning of the first year and a secondinvestment of Rs 30,000 at the beginning of the second year and fuel costsavings of Rs 40,000 each in the second and third year. The discount rate is16%.

NPV =

= - 50,000 25,862 + 29,727 + 25,626 = - Rs. 20,509

S-8 In a heat exchanger steam is used to heat 40 kg/ hour of furnace oil from 30o Cto 90o C. The specific heat of furnace oil is 0.22 kcal/ kgo C. How much steamper hour is needed? Latent heat of steam is 540 kcal/ kg.

Heat required to raise temperature of furnace oil = m cp t= 40 x 0.22 x (90-30)= 528 kcal/hour

Steam requirements

S-9 Explain briefly PERT.

The Programme Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) is a network modelthat allows for randomness in activity completion times. PERT uses three timeestimates, optimistic, most likely and pessimistic. This helps in establishing the

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Bureau of Energy Efficiency

- 50,000 -30,000

+40,000

+40,000

1.16 1.162 1.163

=528

= 0.98 kg/hr540

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probability of completing a project within a specified time and take calculatedrisks before commencing a project. PERT has the potential to reduce both thetime and cost required to complete a project.

S-10 List at least 5 steps involved in CUSUM analysis.

a) Plot the energy versus production graph for several monthsb) Draw the best fit straight linec) Derive the equation for the lined) Calculate the expected energy consumption based on the equatione) Calculate the difference between calculated and actual energy consumptionf) Compute CUSUMg) Plot the CUSUM graphh) Estimate the savings accumulated

-------- End of Section - II---------

Section - III: LONG DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS Marks: 5 x 10 = 50

(i) Answer all Five questions(ii) Each question carries Ten marks

L-1 Explain the difference between energy conservation and energy efficiency,and state one example where energy costs are reduced but energy

consumption goes up.

Energy conservation and energy efficiency are separate but related concepts.Energy conservation is achieved when growth of energy consumption isreduced, measured in physical terms such as barrels of oil or tons of coal, etc.Energy conservation can therefore be the result of several developments suchas annual production goes down, or technological progress such asmodernization.

Energy efficiency is achieved when energy intensity or specific energyconsumption is reduced in a process, area or production line without affectingoutput or comfort level. Energy efficiency will therefore contribute to energyconservation.

Example: Fuel switching from a high cost, gaseous or liquid fuel, to a low costsolid fuel in a boiler will usually reduce energy cost per unit (=specific energyconsumption) but as well increase energy consumption due to reduced energyefficiency of the process.

In general any example of fuel switching to a cheaper fuel in Rs/kcal where combustionof the new fuel is less efficient will increase energy consumption but save energy costs.

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L-2 A plant is using 4 tonnes/day of coal to generate steam. The calorific value ofthe coal is 4000 kcal/ kg. The cost of coal is Rs. 2,000/tonne. The plantsubstitutes coal with rice husks, as a boiler fuel, which has a calorific value of3000 kcal/ kg and cost Rs. 700/tonne. Calculate the annual cost savings at300 days of operation, assuming that the boiler efficiency decreases from 78%on coal to 72% on rice husks.

Coal energy used to generate to steam per day:4,000 kg/day X 4,000 kcal/kg x 0.78 = 12,480,000 kcal/day

To generate same amount of steam with rice husks12,480,000 = kg/day X 3,000 kcal X 0.72, and solve for kg/day = 5.777tonnes/day

Annual savings are 4 x 300 x 2,000 5.77778 x 300 x 700 = Rs 1,186,667

Short cut is 4 x 300 x 2,000 - 4 x (4,000/3,000) x (0.78/0.72) x 300 x 700 = Rs 1,186,667

L-3 In a pumping system the motor operating efficiency is 90% and pumpoperating efficiency is 80%. The pump discharge flow is throttled causing 20%loss; moreover 28% are lost through friction in pipe fittings. The three phasemotor operates at a power factor of 0.85, 440 Volt and 17 Ampere.

(I) Calculate the water power available at the end of the piping system.(II) Calculate the overall system efficiency.

i) Power drawn by electric motor = 1.732 x 0.440 kV x 17 x 0.85 = 11.0 kWPower available on water is then 11.0 x 0.90 x 0.80 x (1- 0.2) x (1- 0.28) = 4.56 kW

ii) System efficiency = 0.90 x 0.8 x (1 0.2) x (1 0.28)= (0.9 x 0.8 x 0.8 x 0.72) x 100= 41.47%

L-4 An investment of Rs 1 Lakh is made for a variable speed drive at thebeginning of the year, which is also the date of first operation. Savingsexpected over 4 years are Rs. 10,000, Rs. 20,000, Rs. 30,000 and Rs. 35,000respectively. Find out the Net Present Value at the end of the 4 th year, if thediscount rate is 18%. Would you invest in this measure? Explain your decision.

NPV == - 100,00 + 8,475 + 14,364 + 18,259 + 18,053

= - Rs 40,849

One should not invest in this measure; NPV is highly negative even after 4years.

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= -1,00,000 +10,000

+20,000

+30,000

+35,000

1.18 (1.18)2 (1.18)3 (1.18)4

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L-5 Use CUMSUM technique to develop a table and to calculate energy savingsfor a 6 months period. For calculating total energy saving, average productioncan be taken as 4000 MT per month. Refer to field data given in table below.

Negative savings i.e additional energy consumption over a period of sixmonths are 29 x 4000 = 116,00 kWh

. End of Section - III ---------

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Month Actual SEC,

kWh/MT

Predicted SEC, kWh/MT

Jan 252 265Feb 238 265Mar 287 300Apr 287 265May 359 310Jun 276 265

Month Actual SEC

kWh/MT

Predicted SEC

kWh/MT

Diff

(+ = sav)

CUMSUM

(- = sav)Jan 252 265 13 -13Feb 238 265 27 -40Mar 287 300 13 -53Apr 287 265 -22 -31May 359 310 -49 18Jun 276 265 -11 29

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