Eia_785krc Eia Study Report

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Environmental Impact Assessment Report. October, 2011.

Conducted By Eco Plan Managem ent Limited P.O Box 45897-00100-Nairobi. i

ENVIROMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT DETAILED STUDY REPORTFORTHE PROPOSED, BOUND ARY WALL, STOREY UNITS, MARKET STALLS, BRIDGESAND FOOTPATHS IN MUKURU AN D KIBERA IN KENYA RAILWAY RESERVE

This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Project Report is submitted toKenya National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA) in conformitywith the requirements of the Environmental Management and CoordinationAct, 1999 and the Environmental (Impact Assessment and Audit) Regulations,2003

PROPONENT: SUBMITTED BY

KENYA RAILWAYS CORPORATION

ECO PLAN MANAGEMEN T LTD.Environmental&Planning Services,P.O B ox 45897-00100-Nairobi,Kenya,Cell 0722-740803/0735-689954.Email: [email protected]:www.ecoplanmanagement.com


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DOCUMENT AUTHENTICATIONThis project report on Environmental Impact Assessment has been prepared by Eco PlanManagement Co. Ltd consultants lead by registered and licensed EIA /EA lead Expert IreneC. Keino. We the undersigned, certify that the particulars in this report are correct andrighteous to the best of our knowledge.

EIA/EA LEAD EXPERT:Signature ....

Date

Irene Cheptoo. KeinoEIA/ EA Expert (Reg. No. 0447)PROPONENT:Kenya Railways Corporation (Representative)Designation..

Name

Signature .

Date


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTThe EIA/Audit Experts are grateful to the project proponent - Kenya Railways Corporation,for commissioning us to conduct this Environment Impact Assessment in respect of the

proposed Project. We would like to further acknowledge with great appreciation all thoseneighbors who participated in the public consultation process for their cooperationthroughout the exercise.

We further acknowledge the support, either direct or indirect, from the various parties whoassisted the EIA/EA experts team towards the successful completion of this report.


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ABBREVIATIONSEIA Environmental Impact AssessmentCPP Consultation and Public ParticipationEHS Environment, Occupational Health and SafetyEA Environmental AuditEMCA Environmental Management and Coordination Act, 1999EMS Environmental Management SystemISO International Standards OrganizationsNEMA National Environment Management AuthorityPSP Private Sector ParticipationTOR Terms of ReferenceNEAP National Environmental Action PlanKPLC Kenya Power and Lighting Company

BS British StandardsCC County CouncilWSC Water and Sewerage CompanySEM Sustainable Environmental ManagementERP Emergency Response PlansVAT Value Added TaxesRAP Relocation Action PlanPAPS Project Affected Persons


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYBackgroundThe Government of Kenya is expecting to receive funds from World Bank to finance theconstruction of Boundary Wall, Storey Units, Market Stalls, Bridges and Footpaths inMukuru and Kibera in Kenya Railwayline Reserve.

The proposed Kenya railways corporation projects in Mukuru and Kibera will improverailway safety and operation. Therefore this Environmental Impact Assessment study hasbeen commissioned in line with the requirements of the World Bank environmental andsocial policies, guidelines and assessment procedures in addition to those of NationalEnvironment and Management Authority (NEMA) as stated in The EnvironmentalManagement and Coordination Act (EMCA) 1999 and stipulated in the Environmental(Impact Assessment and Audit) Regulations 2003 Legal Notice No. 101, beforecommencement of the project.

The Kenya Railways Corporation was established by an Act of Parliament (Cap 397) of theLaws of Kenya, which was enacted on January 20th, 1978. The Act was amended throughThe Kenya Railways (Amendment) Act 2005 to make it possible for the Board of Directors toenter into concession agreements or other forms of agreements for the provision of railtransport services.

The Kenya Railways Corporation (KRC) contracted its railway operation services to Rift

Valley Railways (RVR), a private company, in April 2006. RVR commenced railwayoperations on November 1, 2006 and will operate freight and passenger services for 25 and 5years respectively in Kenya and Uganda.

RVR operates a total rail network of 1920 kilometers. The main line runs from Mombasa atthe coast to Malaba in the west. Typically, the railway line has an exclusive corridor(referred to as a reserve) 60.6 meters wide throughout the network except at station yardsand major depots where a larger railway reserve is provided. Despite the requirement to havea railway reserve free for railway operations and safety, parts of the railway reserve havebeen encroached upon. The railway reserve in both Kibera and Mukuru within the city of

Nairobi is particularly encroached by large numbers of people who reside and/or carry outbusiness within it. At several places on the railway reserve, markets have been established oneither sides of the railway line. The line is used in these areas as a path for accessing themarket stalls and by pedestrians moving to and from the city centre and the industrial area.

The human encroachment on the reserve has several serious consequences, among them: Risk to human safety due to proximity to active railway traffic;


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Risk to property in the event of accidents or derailments; Dumping of waste onto the railway track which impedes track drainage and

compromises track stability; Exposure of maintenance personnel to unhygienic working conditions and disease

due to disposal of faecal and other waste on the track; Slow train speeds which cause inordinate delay; Limited profitability for the concessionaire due to inability to increase freight

carriage by an increase in operational speeds.

In light of the above factors, it is essential that a clear corridor of operation is established inKibera and Mukuru to improve railway safety and operation. The Kenya railwayscorporation therefore proposes to construct a boundary wall, storey units, market stalls,bridges and footpaths so as to implement the relocation of people residing, undertakingbusiness, or otherwise occupying the reserve (the 60-metre railway operation corridor).

The Kenya Railways Corporations vision is to be a world class provider of rail and inlandwaterways transport. Its mission is to manage railway assets and services in the most efficientand innovative way to maximize performance.

The economic recovery strategy for wealth and employment creation on the other hand aimsat giving Kenyans a better deal in their lives and in their struggle to build a modern andprosperous nation. It aims to empower Kenyans and to provide them with a democraticpolitical atmosphere under which all citizens can be free to work hard and engage inproductive activities to improve their standards of living.

Justification of the P roposed ProjectIn recent times, real property sector has achieved a significant growth owing to the fact thatmany people are currently putting up domestic buildings to meet rising demand for suchfacilities in Kenya. Besides, the project will ensure that a clear corridor of operation isestablished in Kibera and Mukuru to improve railway safety and operation now and in thefuture.

The central government will benefit in the form of Value Added Taxes (VAT) imposed onconstruction materials and various fees charged by different government institutions

More importantly, the design of the project is well thought out and has taken intoconsideration all the necessary interventions needed to take care for mitigation of negativeimpacts on the environment and safeguard safety of construction workers.

Project and Environmental Impact Assessment Objectives


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The project objective is to build a Boundary wall, Housing Units, Market Stalls, bridges andpavement footpaths, to provide decent and modern housing units with rooms for residentialpurposes. Currently, there is an encroachment of the railway line reserve by the Kibera andMukuru residents due to shortage of buildings and at low cost in both areas for suchfunctions. On the other hand the EIA study objectives for the proposed project were:

To identify environmental economic, social and health impacts, To solicit views/opinion of the public and neighbors on the impacts of the project,

and Develop an Environmental Management Plan for the project.

MethodologyReview of documentsThe consultant reviewed relevant documents relating to the assignments to have in-depth

understanding and to gain sufficient background information regarding the project. A reviewof architectural drawing, various policies, regulatory and relevant legal documents was alsocarried out.

Site Visits and Public P articipation .Field visits were meant for physical inspections of the project site in order to gatherinformation on the state of environment. Several photos of the project site were taken forinclusion in this report. The study also sought public opinion/views through Consultationand Public Participation (CPP) exercise. Questionnaires were administered to the public and

interviews held with neighbors. The questionnaires have been included in this report.

Proposed Project CostThe total calculated project cost is approximately KES 2 ,568 ,979 ,480 Million (USD32,518,728). This value is exclusive of duties and taxes, wayleave costs and contingency. Adetailed breakdown of costs associated with compensation for lost assets of project affectedpeople is given in the RAP Report. Environmental Management and monitoring plan costestimates are given in chapter 9 of this Report.

Relevant Legislative and Legal FrameworkThe project will comply with World Bank (WB) Environmental Guidelines on Projects andEIA Studies. There exist also a number of local legislations and regulations that the projectshall have to comply with. The Environmental Management and Coordination Act, 1999 andregulations 2003 provide overall guidelines to project implementation. Together with several


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other local laws mentioned in Chapter Two of this report, these local legislations shall haveto be complied with throughout the project life.

Kenya is also a signatory to several international conventions, protocols and treaties and istherefore bound by the requirements of these conventions and protocols. Some of therelevant global policies include:

The convention on biodiversity Convention on the conservation of migratory species The Ramsar Convention on wetlands Various World Bank Operational Policies United nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

This Environmental Impact Assessment examined the potential positive and negative impactsof the project on the immediate surroundings with due regard to all the phases from

construction, occupation and decommissioning. It encompassed all aspects pertaining to thephysical, ecological, socio-cultural, health and safety conditions at the site and its environsduring and after construction.

Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) section addresses environmental, health and safetyconcerns during projects cycle. The main objective of the EHS on the proposed project is todevelop guidelines for protecting, managing and responding, processes, situations/conditionsthat might compromise health, safety and security of workers and ecological wellbeing.

To avoid or reduce negative environmental impacts, mitigation measures were proposed and

an environmental management plan (EMP) formulated. The proponent is also expected toobserve recommendations in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and carry outannual environmental audits once the project is in operation. Some of the recommendationsput forward include the following;

All construction materials and especially sand, gravel, hardcore and wood must besourced/procured from legalized dealers.

Construction activities must be undertaken only during the day i.e. between 0700hours to 1900 hours. This will minimize disturbance to the general public withinthe proximity of the site/project especially the residential estates.

Traffic on the access road to the site should be controlled and informed duringconstruction and especially when heavy trucks are turning in and out of the site.This will ensure that no accidents are caused by the sites activities.

The development must be approved by the relevant Government Departments i.e.Physical planning, Ministry of Lands and Housing, health etc. the proponentshould therefore follow the guidelines as set by the departments to safeguard and


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envisage environmental management principles during construction andoperation phases of the proposed development.

It is important that warning/informative signs (bill boards) be erected at the site.These should indicate the operation hours and when works are likely to be startedand completed.

All solid waste materials and debris resulting from construction activities must bedisposed off at approved dumpsites. The wastes should be properly segregated andseparated to encourage recycling of some useful waste materials; i.e. someexcavated stone materials can be used as backfills.

During construction, all loose soils must be compacted to prevent any erosion bywind or water. Other appropriate soil erosion control measures can be adapted.Any stockpiles of earth should be enclosed, covered or sprinkled with waterduring dry or windy conditions to minimize generation of rust particles into theair.

Once earthworks have been done, restoration of the worked areas should becarried out immediately by backfilling, professional landscaping/leveling andplanting of low grass in open areas), flowers and suitable tree species.

Water is a setback in Kibera and Mukuru in general area and therefore the projectproponent should look into modalities aimed at enhancing water supply to theproposed scheme and also give a hand in upgrading water supply systems in theneighborhood. NCC water supply system should be upgraded and water sourcedfrom reliable sources; say from uplands. Rainwater harvesting systems should beprovided as well as standard storage systems to every office floor unit; to enhancecollection of the runoff generated from the roof catchments.

Drains will be properly designed, installed and regularly maintained to preventstorm water (run-off) from accumulating within the site spreading to theneighborhood. These must effectively drain the storm water from the premise intothe existing public drainage system to be developed along the access road.

Proper and regular maintenance of construction machinery and equipment willreduce emission of hazardous fumes and noise resulting from friction of rubbingmetal bodies.

Heavy construction activities should be limited (or avoided) during the rainyseason to minimize the chances of soil degradation (soil erosion).

Maintenance activities must be carried out in service bay to reduce chances of oilsor grease or other maintenance materials, from coming into contact withenvironment (water or soil). Wastewater from such areas must be refrained fromcoming into contact with solid mass or water bodies as it contains oil/grease spills.

Used and new oils must be handled and stored appropriately to avoid oil leaks andspills on the site.

Sewerage system must be properly designed within the site/office and effectivelyconnected to the public sewer system. Design specifications must be followed


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during installation. Standard cleanliness and waste disposal facilities atconstruction site and during occupation must be maintained.

Workers should be provided with complete personal protective equipment (PPE)and safety gear. They should have working boots, complete overalls, helmets,gloves, earmuffs, nose masks, goggles etc. A fully equipped first aid kit must beprovided within the site.

The contractor must have workmens compensation cover; the contractor isrequired to comply with workmens compensation Act as well as other relevantordinance, regulations and Union Agreement. The contractor must provideadequate security during the construction period and especially during the nightwhen there are no construction activities.

A complete fire fighting system must be provided after completion of the project.The equipment is clearly provided in the design plan, and in the report. This mustbe installed or provided at strategic points.

Relocation Action Plan (RAP)Some persons will be displaced to have a railway reserve free for railway operations andsafety. A compensation and relocation plan (CRP) has been prepared for project affectedpersons who will be relocated as a result of the intervention. This covers all costs of loss ofshelter, trading stalls, loss of structure to house the business.

ConclusionAn Environmental Management Plan (EMP) outline has been developed to ensuresustainability of the site activities from construction through operation to decommissioning.

The plan provides a general outlay of the activities, associated impacts, mitigation actionplans and appropriate indicators for monitoring. Implementation timeframes andresponsibilities are defined, and where practicable, the cost estimates for recommendedmeasures are provided. There are also guidelines for addressing environmental health andsafety. This project is recommendable for approval by the National EnvironmentManagement Authority (NEMA) for issuance of an EIA license subject to annualenvironmental audits after operating for one year. This will be in compliance with theEnvironmental Management and Coordination Act of 1999 and the Environmental ImpactAssessment and Audit regulations, 2003.


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TABLE OF CONTENTSDOCUMENT AUTHENTICATION ............................................................................................. iiACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................................................iiiABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................................ ivEXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................ .............................................. vCHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 11.1 Project Background............................................................................................................ 11.2 Justification of the Proposed Project. ............................................................................... 21.3 Project and Environmental Impact Assessment Objectives. ........................................... 31.4 Scope of the EIA Study. ..................................................................................................... 31.5 Terms of Reference............................................................................................................ 31.6 Methodology. ..................................................................................................................... 4

1.6.1 Environmental Screening............................................................................................... 4

1.6.2 Environmental Scoping. ................................................................................................. 41.6.3 Desktop Study. ................................................................................................................ 61.6.4 Site Visits and Public Participation. .............................................................................. 61.6.5 Reporting......................................................................................................................... 6CHAPTER TW O: PROJECT DESCRIPTION .............................................................................. 7

2.1 Site Location....................................................................................................................... 72.2 Description of the Project ................................................................................................. 7

2.2.1 The Wall.......................................................................................................................... 72.2.2 Relocation Units.............................................................................................................. 72.2.3 Traders Stalls .................................................................................................................. 8

2.2.4 Foot Bridges..................................................................................................................... 82.2.5 Water and Sewer Connections....................................................................................... 8

2.3 Project Justification............................................................................................................ 92.4 Construction activities Outline....................................................................................... 102.5 Construction Inputs/ Raw Materials............................................................................... 112.6 Technology and Activities............................................................................................... 112.7 Description of the Projects Construction Activities. .................................................... 11

2.7.1 Excavation / Earthworks. ............................................................................................. 112.7.2 Foundation and Masonry. ............................................................................................ 112.7.3 Electrical Works. .......................................................................................................... 122.7.4 Plumbing. ...................................................................................................................... 12

2.8 Staff Amenities:................................................................................................................ 122.8.1 Site Office...................................................................................................................... 122.8.2 Site Workers Toilets: ................................................................................................... 122.8.3 Material Storage and Handling: ................................................................................... 122.8.4 Non-Hazardous Materials............................................................................................. 122.8.5 Hazardous Materials ..................................................................................................... 13


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2.8.6 Bulk Construction Materials ........................................................................................ 132.8.7 Environmental, Health and Safety............................................................................... 132.8.8 Potential Environmental Impacts ................................................................................ 132.8.9 Proposed Mitigation Measures..................................................................................... 14

2.9 Description of the Projects Operational Activities. ...................................................... 142.10 Projects Decommissioning Activities. ........................................................................... 142.11 Responsibilities ................................................................................................................ 15

2.11.1 Proponents Responsibilities. ....................................................................................... 152.11.2 Contractors Responsibilities........................................................................................ 15

2.12 Infrastructural Services:................................................................................................... 162.12.1 Roads and Accessibility ................................................................................................ 162.12.2 Sewage Disposal: ........................................................................................................... 162.12.3 Water Supply: ............................................................................................................... 162.12.4 Power Supply: ............................................................................................................... 17

2.12.5 Project Budget............................................................................................................... 17CHAPTER THREE: BASELINE INFORMA TION OF THE STUDY AREA ............................ 183.1 Location of the Project Area ........................................................................................... 183.1 Climate ............................................................................................................................. 183.2 Topography ...................................................................................................................... 193.3 Physiography and Geology.............................................................................................. 193.4 Surface Water Resources ................................................................................................. 193.5 Environmental and Socio- Economic of Kibera and Mukuru....................................... 19

3.5.1 Kibera ............................................................................................................................ 193.5.1.1 The Area Ecology and Vegetation .................................................................................. 20

3.5.1.2 Water.................................................................................................................................... 203.5.1.3 Sanitation, Liquid Waste and Drainage .........................................................................203.5.1.4 Solid Waste Management ................................................................................................. 213.5.1.5 Socio- Economic activities................................................................................................ 21

3.5.2 Mukuru Slum ................................................................................................................ 223.6 Transport .......................................................................................................................... 223.7 Energy Supply .................................................................................................................. 23CHAPTER 4: RELEVANT LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY FRAM EWO RKS ............... 244.1 World Bank Safeguard Policies ....................................................................................... 24

4.1.1 Environmental Assessment: OP/BP 4.01..................................................................... 244.1.2 Natural Habitats: OP/BP 4.04....................................................................................... 244.1.3 Forests: OP/BP 4.36 ...................................................................................................... 254.1.4 Physical Cultural Resources: OP/BP 4.11.................................................................... 254.1.5 Indigenous Peoples: OP/BP 4.10.................................................................................. 264.1.6 Involuntary Resettlement: OP/BP 4.12 ....................................................................... 264.1.7 Projects in International Waters: OP 7.50 .................................................................. 274.1.8 Projects in Disputed Areas: OP 7.60 ............................................................................ 28


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4.2 Kenyas Environmental Legal Framework ..................................................................... 284.2.1 The Environment Management and Co-ordination Act, 1999.................................. 284.2.2 Kenya Railways Corporation Act (Cap. 397, 1979)..................................................... 294.2.3 Public Health Act (Cap. 242) ....................................................................................... 304.2.4 Local Authority Act (Cap. 265).................................................................................... 304.2.5 Waste Management Standards (Legal Notice 121: The Environmental Management

.324.2.6 Waste Management Standards (Legal Notice 120: The Environmental Management

.324.2.7 Waste Management Standards (Legal Notice 61: The Environmental Management....334.2.8 Physical Planning Act, 1996 ........................................................................................ 334.2.9 Land Planning Act (Cap. 303) ...................................................................................... 354.2.10 Water Act, 2002............................................................................................................ 35

4.2.11 Electricity Power Act (No. 11 of 1997) ....................................................................... 364.2.12 Building Code 1968....................................................................................................... 364.2.13 Penal Code Act (Cap.63)............................................................................................... 364.2.14 Wildlife Conservation and Management Act, Cap 376 .............................................. 374.2.15 The Lakes and Rivers Act Chapter 409 Laws of Kenya: ............................................. 374.2.16 Forestry Services Act, 2005 .......................................................................................... 374.2.17 Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA), 2007 ................................................... 38

4.2.17.1 Health ................................................................................................................................. 384.2.17.2 Safety .................................................................................................................................. 384.2.17.3 Welfare............................................................................................................................... 38

4.2.18 The Traffic Act Chapter 403 Laws of Kenya ............................................................... 394.2.19 Food Drugs and chemicals substances Act (Cap 254) ................................................. 394.2.20 The Way leaves Act Cap 292........................................................................................ 394.2.21 The Registration of Titles Act Cap 281 ........................................................................ 404.2.22 The Land Titles Act Cap 282 ........................................................................................ 404.2.23 The Land Acquisition Act Chapter 295 Laws of Kenya.............................................. 404.2.24 Environmental Vibration Pollution (Control) Regulations, 2009 ............................. 41

4.3 Relevant Policies .............................................................................................................. 434.3.1 Draft National Wetlands Conservation and Management 2003 ................................ 434.3.2 Draft Environmental Policy 1999................................................................................ 444.3.3 Waste Management ...................................................................................................... 444.3.4 Environmental Challenges ........................................................................................... 44

4.4 Relevant International Conventions and Treaties ......................................................... 45CHAPTER FIVE: CONSULTATION AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION .................................. 465.1 Sources of Information .................................................................................................... 465.2 Major Environmental Concerns /Opinions.................................................................... 46

5.2.1 Noise and Vibration...................................................................................................... 46


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5.2.2 Water Shortage ............................................................................................................. 465.2.3 Dust Generation............................................................................................................ 465.2.4 Transport Trucks........................................................................................................... 465.2.5 Environmental Aesthetics ............................................................................................ 475.2.6 Employment Opportunities ......................................................................................... 475.2.7 Social and Economic Effects......................................................................................... 47

5.3 Other Concerns................................................................................................................ 475.4 Positive Comments about the Project from the Participants ........................................ 485.5 Suggestions Made By the Participants ............................................................................ 485.6 Community and Stakeholder Engagement..................................................................... 48CHAPTER SIX: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES OF THE PROJECT ................................... 506.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 506.3 Proposed construction alternative.................................................................................. 506.4 No Project Alternative..................................................................................................... 51

6.5 Analysis of Alternative Construction Materials and Technology................................. 516.6 Solid waste management alternatives............................................................................. 526.7 Uncertainties in the Project Cycle .................................................................................. 52CHAPTER SEVEN: IMPACTS OF THE PROPO SED PROJECT .............................................. 537.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 537.2 Positive Impacts during Construction Phase ................................................................. 53

7.2.1 Employment Opportunities ......................................................................................... 537.2.2 Gains in the Local and National Economy.................................................................. 537.2.3 Provision of Market for Supply of Building Materials................................................ 547.2.4 Informal Sectors Benefits ............................................................................................. 54

7.2.5 Environmental Benefits................................................................................................ 547.2.6 Improved Security ........................................................................................................ 54

7.3 Negative Impacts during Construction Phase ................................................................ 547.3.1 Increased Soil Erosion................................................................................................... 547.3.2 Vegetation clearing....................................................................................................... 557.3.3 Extraction and use of raw materials............................................................................. 557.3.4 Exhaust Emissions......................................................................................................... 557.3.5 Noise and Vibration...................................................................................................... 567.3.6 Storage of materials....................................................................................................... 567.3.7 Dust emissions............................................................................................................... 567.3.8 Water Use...................................................................................................................... 567.3.9 Drainage ........................................................................................................................ 567.3.10 Storm water runoff ....................................................................................................... 567.3.11 Liquid waste generation (grey water).......................................................................... 577.3.12 Liquid waste generation (black water) ........................................................................ 577.3.13 Solid Waste Generation................................................................................................ 577.3.14 Energy Consumption.................................................................................................... 57


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7.3.15 Risks of Accidents and Injuries to Workers ................................................................ 587.3.16 Clearance of Temporary Shades................................................................................... 58

7.4 Positive impacts of Operational activities ...................................................................... 597.4.1 Provision of business facilities ..................................................................................... 597.4.2 Employment Opportunities ......................................................................................... 597.4.3 Revenue to National and Local Governments ............................................................ 597.4.4 Improved Security ........................................................................................................ 597.4.5 Water and Sanitation.................................................................................................... 607.4.6 Drainage ........................................................................................................................ 607.4.7 Track maintenance improvement................................................................................ 607.4.8 Infrastructure Growth .................................................................................................. 607.4.9 Pedestrian Traffic.......................................................................................................... 607.4.10 Improvement of Commuter Service ............................................................................ 607.4.11 Improved Livelihood .................................................................................................... 60

7.5 Negative Impacts of Operational Activities ................................................................... 617.5.1 Solid Waste Generation................................................................................................ 617.5.2 Water Use...................................................................................................................... 617.5.3 Waste Waters/ Effluence.............................................................................................. 617.5.4 Increased Demand for Sanitation................................................................................. 617.5.5 Increased Storm Water Flow. ...................................................................................... 617.5.6 Energy Consumption.................................................................................................... 617.5.7 Loss of Social Networks ................................................................................................ 627.5.8 Loss of Business and Property ...................................................................................... 627.5.9 Energy Consumption.................................................................................................... 62

7.6 Positive Impacts of Decommissioning Activities ........................................................... 627.6.1 Rehabilitation................................................................................................................ 627.6.2 Employment Opportunities ......................................................................................... 627.7.1 Solid Waste.................................................................................................................... 627.7.2 Dust................................................................................................................................ 637.7.3 Noise and Vibration...................................................................................................... 637.8 IM PA CTS M ITIG ATIO N AN D MO NITO RIN G ........................................................... 637.8.1 Mitigation of Construction Phase Impacts .................................................................. 63

7.8.1.1 Efficient Sourcing and Use of Raw Materials ...............................................................637.8.1.2Earth works ..........................................................................................................................647.8.1.3 Minimization of Vegetation Disturbance...................................................................... 647.8.1.4 Minimization of Storm Water Run-off and Soil Erosion ...........................................657.8.1.5 Minimization of Construction Waste ............................................................................ 657.8.1.6 Reduction of Dust Generation and Emission ...............................................................677.8.1.7 Particulate emissions ........................................................................................................ 677.8.1.8 Minimization of Exhaust Emissions .............................................................................. 677.8.1.9 Minimization of Noise and Vibration ............................................................................ 67


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7.8.1.10 Liquid waste generation.................................................................................................. 687.8.1.11 Controlling Oil Spills during Construction Phase .....................................................687.8.1.12 Minimization of Water Use ........................................................................................... 68

7.8.2 Reduction of Risks of Accidents and Injuries to Workers ......................................... 687.8.2.1 Emergency preparedness & evacuation procedures ................................................... 68

7.8.2.2 Fire hazards .........................................................................................................................687.8.2.3 Electrical safety................................................................................................................... 697.8.2.4 Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) .........................................................................697.8.2.5 Workers Welfare................................................................................................................ 697.8.2.6 Reduction of Energy Consumption ................................................................................ 707.8.2.7 Ergonomics ..........................................................................................................................707.8.2.8 Machinery / equipment safety .........................................................................................70

7.8.3 Site Organization ......................................................................................................... 717.8.3.1 Personal health ................................................................................................................... 71

7.8.3.2 Scavengers and Vermin..................................................................................................... 71

7.8.3.2 Increased Pressure on Infrastructure ............................................................................. 717.9 M IT IG AT IO N OF O PE RA TIO N PH ASE IM PA CT S .................................................... 727.9.1 Ensuring Efficient Solid Waste Management ............................................................. 727.9.2 Minimization of Sewage Release ................................................................................. 727.9.3 Ensure Efficient Energy Consumption ........................................................................ 727.9.4 Ensure Efficient Water Use.......................................................................................... 727.9.5 Encroachment on Privacy ............................................................................................ 727.9.6 Public health ................................................................................................................. 737.9.7 Accidents ....................................................................................................................... 73

7.9.8 Odours ........................................................................................................................... 737.9.9 Scavengers and Vermin ................................................................................................ 73

7.10 Mitigation of Decommissioning Phase Impacts............................................................. 737.10.1 Efficient Solid Waste Management ............................................................................. 737.10.2 Reduction of Dust Concentration................................................................................ 747.10.3 Minimization of Noise and Vibration.......................................................................... 747.10.4 Site Rehabilitation after Decommissioning................................................................. 74

7.11 Matrices ............................................................................................................................ 747.11.1 The anticipated Impacts ............................................................................................... 75CHAPTER EIGHT: ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AN D SAFETY (EHS). ................................. 78

8.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 788.1 Guidelines for EHS. ......................................................................................................... 788.2 Obligations in Environment, Health and Safety............................................................ 78

8.2.1 The Contractor.............................................................................................................. 788.2.2 Drivers. .......................................................................................................................... 798.2.3 Welders. ........................................................................................................................ 79

8.3 Fire Preparedness............................................................................................................. 79


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CHAPTER NINE: ENVIRONMENTA L MANAGEMENT/MO NITORING PLAN. ................ 809.2 Operational Phase EMP................................................................................................... 899.3 Decommissioning Phase EMP......................................................................................... 919.4 Environmental Monitoring. ............................................................................................ 939.6 Organization and Implementation ................................................................................. 98CHAPTER TEN: CONCLUSION AND RECOMM ENDATIONS. .......................................... 10010.1 R ECO MM EN DA TIO NS ................................................................ ................................ 10010.2 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................... 101APPENDICES................................................................ ............................................................. 1031. Approved Architectural Drawings ............................................................................... 1032. Site Plates ....................................................................................................................... 104

LIST OF FIGURESFig: 2.1 Kibera 3 dimensional solutions as proposed................................................................... 7Fig: 2.2 Boundary Wall and relocation unit solution as proposed............................................. 8Fig: 3.1 A map of the project area in kibera .............................................................................. 18Fig: 3.2 Vegetation at Kibera...................................................................................................... 20Fig: 7.1 Trading Stalls ................................................................................................................. 59Fig: 7.2 Kenya Railway Track..................................................................................................... 59Fig: 9.1 Summary of institutional arrangements....................................................................... 99

LIST OF TABLESTable: 2.3 Cost estimates for the entire project......................................................................... 17Table: 4.1 Summary of World Bank Safeguard Policies ........................................................... 28Table: 4.2 Quality Standards for Sources of Domestic Water .................................................. 33Table: 4.3 Maximum Permissible Noise Levels......................................................................... 41Table: 4.4 Maximum Permissible Noise Levels for Construction Sites.................................... 42Table: 9.1 Environmental Management Plan during Construction Phase .............................. 80Table: 9.2 EMP of the Operation Phase..................................................................................... 91Table: 9.3 Environmental Management & Monitoring Plan for Decommissioning Phase .... 92

SITE PLATESPlate 1. EIA public consultation team................................................................ ..................... 104Plate.2 Dumping of solid waste in Kibera ........................................................................... 104Plate.4: Business on the railway operation reserve.............................................................. 105Plate 5 A pipe line running to a railway line ......................................................................... 106Plate 6. Modern agriculture practiced in the railway reserve ................................................. 106


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Conducted By Eco Plan Management Limited P.O Box 45897-00100-Nairobi. 1

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION1.1 Project BackgroundThe Kenya Railways Corporation was established by an Act of Parliament (Cap 397) of theLaws of Kenya, which was enacted on January 20th, 1978. The Act was amended throughThe Kenya Railways (Amendment) Act 2005 to make it possible for the Board of Directors toenter into concession agreements or other forms of agreements for the provision of railtransport services.

The Kenya Railways Corporation (KRC) contracted its railway operation services to RiftValley Railways (RVR), a private company, in April 2006. RVR commenced railwayoperations on November 1, 2006 and will operate freight and passenger services for 25 and 5years respectively in Kenya and Uganda.

RVR operates a total rail network of 1920 kilometers. The main line runs from Mombasa atthe coast to Malaba in the west. Typically, the railway line has an exclusive corridor(referred to as a reserve) 60.6 meters wide throughout the network except at station yardsand major depots where a larger railway reserve is provided.

The Kenya Railways Corporations vision is to be a world class provider of rail and inlandwaterways transport. Its mission is to manage railway assets and services in the most efficientand innovative way to maximize performance.

Despite the requirement to have a railway reserve free for railway operations and safety,parts of the railway reserve have been encroached upon. The railway reserve in both Kiberaand Mukuru within the city of Nairobi is particularly encroached by large numbers of peoplewho reside and/or carry out business within it. At several places on the railway reserve,markets have been established on either sides of the railway line. The line is used in theseareas as a path for accessing the market stalls and by pedestrians moving to and from the citycentre and the industrial area.The human encroachment on the reserve has several serious consequences, among them:

Risk to human safety due to proximity to active railway traffic; Risk to property in the event of accidents or derailments; Dumping of waste onto the railway track which impedes track drainage and

compromises track stability; Exposure of maintenance personnel to unhygienic working conditions and disease

due to disposal of faecal and other waste on the track; Slow train speeds which cause inordinate delay;


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Limited profitability for the concessionaire due to inability to increase freightcarriage by an increase in operational speeds.

In light of the above factors, it is essential that a clear corridor of operation is established inKibera and Mukuru to improve railway safety and operation. The Kenya railwayscorporation therefore proposes to construct a boundary wall, storey units, market stalls,bridges and footpaths so as to implement the relocation of people residing, undertakingbusiness, or otherwise occupying the reserve (the 60-metre railway operation corridor).

The Government of Kenya is expecting to receive funds from World Bank to finance theconstruction of Boundary Wall, Storey Units, Market Stalls, Bridges and Footpaths inMukuru and Kibera in Kenya Railwayline Reserve.The proposed Kenya railways corporation projects in Mukuru and Kibera will improverailway safety and operation. Therefore this Environmental Impact Assessment study has

been commissioned in line with the requirements of the World Bank environmental andsocial policies, guidelines and assessment procedures in addition to those of NationalEnvironment and Management Authority (NEMA) as stated in The EnvironmentalManagement and Coordination Act (EMCA) 1999 and stipulated in the Environmental(Impact Assessment and Audit) Regulations 2003 Legal Notice No. 101, beforecommencement of the project.

The study conducted conformed to the requirements of the World Bank environmental andsocial policies, guidelines and assessment procedures in addition to those of NationalEnvironment and Management Authority (NEMA) as stated in The Environmental

Management and Coordination Act (EMCA) 1999 and stipulated in the Environmental(Impact Assessment and Audit) Regulations 2003 Legal Notice No. 101.

This Environmental Impact Assessment is identify both positive and negative impacts of theproposed project to the environment and propose mitigation measures in the EnvironmentalManagement Plan developed to address potential negative impacts, during the construction,operation and decommissioning phases of the project, for overall environmentalsustainability.

1 .2 Jus ti ficat ion o f the Proposed Pro ject .In recent times, real property sector has achieved a significant growth owing to the fact thatmany people are currently putting up domestic buildings to meet rising demand for suchfacilities in Kenya. Besides, the project will ensure that a clear corridor of operation isestablished in Kibera and Mukuru to improve railway safety and operation now and in thefuture.


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The central government will benefit in the form of Value Added Taxes (VAT) imposed onconstruction materials and various fees charged by different government institutionsMore importantly, the design of the project is well thought out and has taken intoconsideration all the necessary interventions needed to take care for mitigation of negativeimpacts on the environment and safeguard safety of construction workers.

1.3 Project and Environmental Impact Assessment Objectives.The project objective is to build a Boundary wall, Housing Units, Market Stalls, bridges andpavement footpaths, to provide decent and modern housing units with rooms for residentialpurposes. Currently, there is an encroachment of the railway line reserve by the Kibera andMukuru residents due to shortage of buildings and at low cost in both areas for suchfunctions. On the other hand the EIA study objectives for the proposed project were:

To identify environmental economic, social and health impacts,

To solicit views/opinion of the public and neighbors on the impacts of the project,and Develop an Environmental Management Plan for the project.

1.4 Scope of the EIA Study.Arising from above objectives (Project and EIA), the scope of Environmental ImpactAssessment include the following:

The baseline conditions of the project area, Description of the proposed project,

Relevant legislative, policy and administrative frameworks, Views/opinions of the public, Identification of significant adverse impacts to the environment, Mitigation measures to adverse impacts, and An Environmental Management Plan for the proposed project.

1.5 Term s of Reference.In January 2011 the proponent contracted EIA/EA experts to conduct an EnvironmentalImpact Assessment study for the proposed boundary wall residential, housing units, Marketstalls, bridges and pavement footpaths development. Terms of reference, which, definedduties of the expert were as follows:

The proposed location of the project The objectives of the project A concise description of the national environmental legislative and regulatory

framework, baseline information and any other relevant information related tothe project


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The technology, procedures and processes to be used, in the implementation ofthe project

The products, byproducts and waste generated by the project A description of the potentially affected environment The environmental effects of the project including the social and cultural effects

and the direct, indirect, cumulative, irreversible, short term and long term effectsanticipated

Alternative technologies and processes available and reasons for preferring thechosen technology and processes

Analysis of alternatives including project site, design and technologies and thereasons for preferring the proposed site design and technologies

An environmental management plan proposing the measures for eliminating,minimizing or mitigating adverse impacts on the environment, including the cost,time frame and responsibility to implement the measures

Provision of an action plan for the prevention and management of foreseeableaccidents and hazardous activities in the course of carrying out activities or majorindustrial and other development projects

The measures to prevent health hazards and to ensure security in the workingenvironment for the employees and for the management of emergencies

An identification of gaps in knowledge and uncertainties which were encounteredin compiling the information

An economic and social analysis of the project An indication of whether the environment of any other state is likely to be

affected and the available alternatives and mitigating measures and

Such other matters as the authority may require

1.6 M ethodology.1 .6 .1 Environmental Screening.Environmental screening was carried out to determine whether an EIA study is necessary forthis project and at what level of evaluation. This took into consideration the requirements ofthe Environmental Management and Coordination Act (EMCA), 1999, and specifically thesecond schedule of the same act. From the screening process, it was understood that thisproject will cause significant impacts on the environment.

1 .6 .2 Environmenta l Scoping.In scoping, focus was on environmental impacts of great concern. Environmental issues werecategorized into physical, natural/ecological and social, economic and cultural aspects.


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Impacts were also classified as immediate and long-term impacts. This will includeassessment of the proposed project in respect of but not limited to:

Project Background: this will give the brief history of the proposed project site, theparties involved and justification of the project in terms of demand or lack of thesame, the project area, relevant policy and legislation, identification of any associatedproject, or any planned projects including products within the region which maycompete for the same resources; the project including products, byproducts, processesboth at implementation and operational level, resources required for successfulimplementation and operation of the project and the different options considered.The proposed project objectives; both in the short and long run; and how they arelinked to the overall objectives.

Present environmental conditions; description of the project site, ecological zoning as

well as the state of the environment and its surroundings. Attempts will state if it isalready suffering from degradation. If the latter is true, the causes of the originaldegradation will be established and if possible, the state of the environment beforethe observed degradation,

Identification of Environmental Impacts; the report will distinguish betweensignificant positive and negative impacts, direct and indirect impacts and immediateand long term impacts which are unavoidable and / or irreversible,

Analysis of the alternatives to the proposed project; this will involve description of

alternatives and identifying alternatives that would achieve the same objectives.Alternatives will be compared in terms of potential environmental impacts; capitaland operating costs; suitability under local conditions; and institutional training andmonitoring requirements.

Community/ Stakeholder Consultations: these will be undertaken to determine howthe project will affect the local people / various stakeholders.

Cost- Benefit Analysis; to evaluate the economics of the project and establish itsviability in terms of the expected environmental concerns and measures.

Evaluation; an indication of how the information gathered will be evaluated to giveoptimum results;

Development of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP); to mitigate negativeimpacts, recommending feasible and cost effective measures to prevent or reducesignificant negative impacts to acceptable levels,


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Development of a Monitoring Plan; this will be used in monitoring theimplementation of the mitigation measures and the impacts of the project duringconstruction and operational phases, including an estimate of capital and operationalcosts, and Make necessary recommendations pertaining to the proposed development.

1 .6 .3 D esk to p S tu dy .This involved review of project documents, architectural drawings, World Bank safeguardspolicies, revised NEMA guidelines, legal and institutional frameworks. Documentscontaining climatic, demographic and hydrological data for Kibera and Mukuru regions werealso relied upon.

1.6.4 Site Visits and Public Participation.Field visits were meant for physical inspections of the project site in order to gatherinformation on the state of environment. Several photos of the project site were taken forinclusion in this report. The study also sought public opinion/views through Consultationand Public Participation (CPP) exercise. Questionnaires were administered to the public andinterviews held with neighbors. The questionnaires have been included in this report.1.6.5 R ep ortin g.In the entire exercise, the proponent and EIA experts contacted each other on the progress ofthe study and signing of various documents. The proponent will have to submit ten copies of

this report alongside a CD to the National Environment Management Authority for reviewand issuance of an EIA license.

All the materials and workmanship used in the execution of the work shall be of the bestquality and description .Any material condemned by the architect shall be removed from thesite at the contractors cost. Environmental concerns need to be part of the planning anddevelopment process and not an afterthought. It is therefore advisable to avoid land useconflicts with the surrounding area through the implementation of the EnvironmentalManagement Plan (EMP)..


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CHAPTER TW O: PROJECT DESCRIPTION2.1 Site LocationThe project area stretches from the 534/6 km mark to the 539/9 km mark within the Nairobi-Kibera section (5.3 Km) and Likoni Road to Mombasa Road within the Makadara- Embakasisection (7 Km) totaling some 12.3 Kilometers.

2.2 D esc rip tio n o f th e P ro ject2.2.1 The WallThis wall is 20m away from the centre of the railway line and it is 9 meters high. It acts asthe back of the traders stalls and the 2 storey relocation units. The wall is a reinforced

concrete frame with masonry infill. This wall will run all the way from Km. 534.600 to Km.539.900 on both sides of the railway line.

Fig: 2.1 Kibera 3 dimensional solutions as proposed

2 .2 .2 Relo ca tio n UnitsThe basic relocation unit comprises of single room spaces with a total area of 20m2. Thisspace comprises a kitchenette and sleeping area enclosed with a curtain screen. The cookingspace has a worktop incorporated with single drain sink and MDF base cabinet and highlevel cabinet. The floor is screed and the wall is constructed from masonry infill. The unit islinked from the ground floor level with a common staircase. An individual WC and showerare provided. There are 3192 total number of units on 1st and 2nd levels. Each unit is 5.0x4metres. The solution has 18 units per 100m.Each relocation unit is self contained with a wcand shower and has a kitchen sink, a work top and ample storage and 3 public staircases forevery 100m.

The either side wall is 9m highand 20 m from the centre of therailway line. The footbridge is5.2 high. Landscaping andgrowing trees will be done as

shown in the fig 2.1.


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Fig: 2.2 Boundary Wall and relocation unit solution as proposed

2 .2 .3 Traders S ta llsFor purposes of creating business opportunities, business stalls have been designed as part ofthe structure at the ground floor level. The design of the traders stall spaces is based on thesame formal typology as the residential units in order to allow easy adaptation of the spacesinto either the residential units or the institutional function. The 20m2 space has beensubdivided into 3No. Traders' stall of which each space has an area of 6.0 m2 .The floor is

screed and the stalls share a common steel door with a vent.

2.2.4 F oo t B ridg esThe foot bridge links the two footpaths on each side across the wall at strategic points withinthe railway line. These bridges will be 3 in Number and the height of each footbridge is5.2metres as per the Kenya Railways bridge standards.

2 .2 .5 Water and Sewer Connect ionsTo make these relocation units and stalls habitable, a properly designed sanitation in theform of a clean water supply for the occupants domestic consumption and a proper seweragedisposal system. This will be provided by Nairobi Water and Sewerage Company (NWSC)which is the government institution dealing with water and sanitation in Nairobi.(a) Description of Kibera Measures


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This section contains a description of measures proposed with regard to relocations andcreation of a safety corridor along the line through Kibera. The description starts at the roadbridge over the railway at km 534.600, which is the part closest to Nairobi city centre, andends at km539.900 equal to km 5.3. The directions right and left (of the railway) refer toviewing the railway in this direction right is generally north of the rail line, and left issouth of the line.

From the road bridge over the railway at km534.600 to km534.770 to the left, the railwayruns into a cutting. The new 3.0m concrete paving blocks footpath, is situated 24 metersaway from the centre of the rail. 20m away from the rail centre, traders stalls and 2storeyrelocation units and wall are to be done. This footpath starts at an existing road and is one ofthe main entrances into the area. To the right, the same solution applies. It is important toimplement this design solution in order to prevent people from walking in the railwaycutting running parallel to the track.

(b) Relocation Facilities for MukuruA total of 1490 residential and 1539 business relocation units will be constructed in the RoWbetween the Lunga Lunga and Likoni Bridges for resettlement of the Mukuru PAPs. Theproposed relocation area is within the RoW past Makadara Station Km. 525.00 throughLikoni Bridge (Km. 526.500) to behind Makongeni estate Km 527.750 representing a stretchof 2.75 Km on one side for resettlement, leaving 50 meters of the right of way for railwaydevelopment. To maintain the integrity of the existing KRC Master-Plan, construction ofrelocation units will be undertaken only on one side of the track (immediately behindMbotela and Makongeni estates). This will ensure that the opposite side is fully available for

KRCs marshalling yard expansion. A solution similar to what is proposed for Kibera isrecommended. The solution provides a 9 metre concrete wall with relocation facilities onthree levels. This solution is designed within 10 metres at the outer edge of the reserveleaving 20 metres on one side of the track for railway operations, safety and expansion. Theconcrete wall with relocation facilities on one side of the track will prevent furtherencroachment as the PAPs relocated to the facilities along the wall will form a buffer for thewall against vandalism and misuse. The residential and business facilities constructed againstthe wall shall be permanent and shall be of a quality that ensures an acceptable standard ofliving. They shall be provided with adequate infrastructure and services such as water,

sanitation, drainage and electric wiring.2.3 Project JustificationKenya Railways Corporation operates a total rail network of 1920 kilometers. The main lineruns from Mombasa, at the coast to Malaba in the west. Typically, the railway line has an


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exclusive corridor, 60.6 meters wide throughout the network except at station yards andmajor depots where a larger railway reserve is provided.

Despite the requirement to have a railway reserve free for railway operations and safety,parts of the railway reserve have been encroached upon. The railway reserve in both Kiberaand Mukuru, within the city of Nairobi, is particularly encroached by large numbers ofpeople who reside and/or carry out business within it. At several places, markets have beenestablished on both sides of the railway line with the railway line being used as a path notonly for accessing the market stalls, but also for pedestrian traffic moving to and from thecity centre and the industrial area.

The result of this encroachment is extensive human activities with the followingshortcomings:

Risk to human safety during normal train operation due to peoples proximity toactive railway traffic. Exposure to unacceptable risk and danger to the people, structures and property

within the reserve in the event of accidents or derailments. Trains can only move through the area at low speed, which causes inordinate

delays. Excessive human traffic and businesses operated in the area results in waste and

rubbish being dumped on to the railway tracks, which impedes track drainage andcompromises the stability of the track.

As a result of solid waste disposal (including faecal matter) on the track,

maintenance personnel are exposed to very unhygienic working conditions. In addition, since the concessionaire expects to improve freight carriage, it will be

essential that it increases operational speeds throughout the railway system.

The above factors make it necessary to establish a clear corridor of operation in Kibera andMukuru to improve railway safety and operation. It is therefore proposed to constructhousing units, boundary wall and paved footpaths to implement the relocation of peopleresiding, undertaking business, or otherwise occupying the reserve within the entire 60-metre railway operation corridor.

2 .4 C on stru ctio n a ctiv itie s Outlin eConstruction activities will involve the following:

i. Site preparation (clearance of existing vegetation, preparation of a site office andstores, fencing to avoid intrusion),

ii. Disposal of excavation and site clearance wastes,


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iii. Landscaping, earth moving and fillingiv. Procurement of construction materials and delivery of the same to the site,v. Civil, mechanical, and electrical works,

vi. Building works, trampling and removal of construction wastes,vii. Storage and utilization of materials,viii. Solid waste collection and commissioning of the project.

2 .5 C on stru ctio n In pu ts/ Raw M a terials.The construction and operation phases of this project will utilize a lot of inputs and rawmaterials. The proponent and contractor are expected to procure building materials fromNEMA licensed dealers. Besides, they must meet both local and international safety andquality standards.

Main inputs during construction include building bocks, sand, gravel, hand cut constructionstones, timber for making structural formwork and interior design, and floor tiles. Others areconcrete blocks, pre-cast units for drains, PVC pipes for sewer and water reticulation, roofingtiles, water tanks and concrete gutters. Window casement and glasses, earthmovers, spadesand other hand held tools are also to be used during construction.

2.6 T ec hn olo gy an d A ctivitie s.The contractor shall employ modern and best building technologies. They should not beinferior to locally and internationally established building standards. Construction of these

units will involve ground excavations; making foundations; building courses; and roofing.This will be followed by fixing water pipes, connection to the city council sewer system andfurnishing the building.

2.7 Description of the Project s Construction Activi ties .2 .7 .1 Excavation / Earthworks .In order to prepare the site for construction of the boundary wall, housing units, Marketstalls and Bridges a lot of excavations will be carried out. In this regard, heavy earthmoving

machinery and human labor will be relied upon. Debris and excavate materials fromearthworks, especially soil and stones will be used in various construction activities whilethose of no use will be dumped in sites approved by the Council. A section of site used to e aquarry some time back and therefore some area is partly excavated prematurely.

2 .7 .2 Foundation and Masonry .


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Completion of excavations will be followed with setting a foundation for the boundary wall,housing unit and bridges. Thereafter masonry which entails building courses, floors,pavements, drainage systems will take place. Other masonry activities include stone carvings,concrete mixing, and plastering, slab construction, reinforcing walls/lintels and curing ofwalls.

2 .7 .3 Electrica l Works.Electrical work during will involve installation of electrical gadgets and appliances includingelectrical cables, lighting apparatus, sockets etc. In addition, there will be other activitiesinvolving the use of electricity such as welding and metal cutting.

2.7.4 Plum bing.Plumbing will entail fixing pipes water pipes and conduits to the Nairobi City Council sewersystem. Likewise, storm water will be channeled to a peripheral storm water drainagesystem. Plumbing activities include metal and plastic cutting, the use of adhesives, metalgrinding and wall drilling among others.

2.8 Staff Am enities:2.8.1 S ite O ffic eThe proposal is to construct a modest site office and a sample materials store with iron sheet

walls and timber framing and concrete floor. The roof will be made using iron sheetswhereas the ceiling board will be constructed using soft board on timber framing.

2 .8 .2 S ite W o rk ers T oile ts:The developer will put up water borne toilets adjacent to the office to be used by theconstruction staff. The foul water drainage will be connected to the Nairobi City Councilsewerage system on site.

2.8 .3 Mater ial Storage and Handling:All materials to be used shall conform to the Kenya Bureau of standards requirements forquality or equal and approved.

2 .8 .4 Non-Hazardous Material sThe store for non-hazardous materials will be accommodated within the site office.


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Materials to be stored in this store shall include samples for review by consultants andinspectors.

2 .8 .5 Hazardous Material sHazardous materials shall include paints, oil, grease and fuel. The store for these materialsshall have iron sheet walling and roof and a waterproof concrete floor to contain spills.Storage and handling of all Hazardous chemicals shall be in accordance with manufacturersinstructions as outlined on the material safety data sheets.

2.8 .6 Bulk Construction MaterialsThe bulk materials to be stored on site include: sand, ballast, stones, cement, quarry chipsand timber. These materials will be sourced from eastern and Nairobi provinces.

However, to avoid material accumulation with potential for obstructing site activities,inducing safety hazards and creating a nuisance in the neighborhood, the main contractorintends to have materials delivered in small quantities.

Timber will be used mainly for roofing, formwork, ceiling, joinery and other carpentryneeds. Most joinery works will be fixed at a workshop located outside the site before beingdelivered ready for installation. Formwork timber will be fixed at the site.

Consideration will be given to the working area and material storage requirements to ensure

there is no conflict with the movement of the workers.

2.8 .7 Environmental, Health and SafetyIssues Associated with Material Handling & Storage.

Spills of materials Direct contact Fire Smelly emissions Stockpiling of bulk material

2.8 .8 Potential Environmental Impacts Adverse human health Loss of life and/or property Nuisance to neighbors and staff Obstruction to movement


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Surface water pollution through storm water runoff Underground water pollution through leaching

2.8 .9 Proposed Mitigation Measures Provide workers with personal protective gear including gloves, respirators, safety

boots and coveralls Maintain a file on material safety data sheets Storage of flammable materials shall be in appropriately bundled and secured

containers and in compliance with standards of fire safety regulations Use drip trays to collect waste oil and lubricants from stationery plant such as

concrete mixers and during servicing Provide adequate number of fire fighting equipment Train staff on spill response and management

Maintain an inventory of all materials used at the site Provide adequate number of chemical spill control kits Document and display on site chemical spill response standard operating

procedure

2.9 Description of the Projects Operational Activities.Completion of construction activities will be followed by occupation of the units by Kiberaand Mukuru project affected persons (PAP)/tenants. Both solid and liquid wastes will beproduced during this phase of the project. To manage solid wastes (domestic), the PAPs will

be advised on clean management strategies for solid and liquid waste, thus contribute andpurchase litterbins.

Effluent from toilets and washrooms will be discharged into Nairobi City Council sewersystem located near the project site. On the other hand, storm water will be conveyed to thecouncils storm water drainage system.

Carpenters and plumbers among others will be contracted to carry out repairs and maintainthese flats during the operational phase of the project. Also ground man will be hired to dorepairs, painting and landscaping open spaces.

The activities to be carried out during the operation phase of the proposed project include:Living, cooking, washing, cleaning and storage of various household items.

2.10 Projects Decommiss ioning Activit ies.


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During decommissioning, buildings, pavements, drainage systems, parking areas andperimeter fence will be demolished in order to restore land to its original state. Differentkind of workers and equipments will be deployed to carry out these tasks. This will producea lot of solid waste, which will be reused for other construction works or if not reusable,disposed of appropriately by a licensed waste disposal company.Electrical installations, sewerage system, furniture, pipes and sinks among others will bedismantled during decommissioning of the project. The proponent is expected to recovermost materials for sale or future use.

Those that are obsolete or greatly damaged shall be disposed in authorized dumping sites andincinerate some to reduce their volume in the environment.

Demolition of buildings is a common phenomenon in many urban areas and basically thegeneral procedure is to demolish buildings, collect debris from site and use it as a base

material in the new construction work or dump it in the NEMA approved dumpsite.

Decommissioning will also entail restoring the project area to its original state. Activitiesduring restoration include removal of debris, landscaping, planting of trees and removal ofbarriers among others. It will be upon the proponent and the contractor to ensure restorationis done in an orderly manner.

2.11 R esp on sibilitie s2.11.1 Proponents Responsibilities.

The Kenya Railways Corporation (KR) will have to ensure that all legal provisionsand standardization benc