Elektronicko i Mobilno Poslovanje u Zdravstvenom Turizmu

7/23/2019 Elektronicko i Mobilno Poslovanje u Zdravstvenom Turizmu

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\veuċhchŤte Bnshpd Burbd \trnsskdyerd u Nshbegu

Egnmnksgh adguctet u Nshbegu

Zre``hpcnksgh stu`hb

RdvrŤmh rd` hz gnceihbd

HMAN_KDPHGD

Mdscnv rd`d2

ECEGP_NMHăGN H KNOHCMN ZN\CNQDMBE

U R@_DQ\PQEMNK PU_HRKU

Kemtnr2 \tuèmt2

Zrna-`r-sl- Kdrhbdmd Reghĉ+\uŤdl _noertn Znsdvel

Nshbeg# srpdmb ?:4?-



+ 4 +

\d`rŽdb

4- Uvn` ?

?- Npĉemhtn n z`rdvstvemnk turhzku <

<- Hmanrkdthċgd pn`rŤgd u z`rdvstvemnk turhzku 0

0- Zrezemtdlhbd uscuid putek weo kbestd 1

0-4- N`dohr LK\ sustdvd 9

0-?- N`dohr `hzdbmd 6

0-<- Hmstdcdlhbd h pnèŤdvdmbe 8

0-0- @n`dvdmbe sd`rŽdbd 8

0-5- Npthkhzdlhbd zd trdŽhchle “ \EN 44

0-1- \hiurmnst 4?

5- Gnkumhgdlhbd s pdlhbemthkd 4<5-4- Adleonng 40

5-?- \gype 45

5-<- Chve Lfdt 41

5-0- E+kdhc 49

1- Hmtermet kdrgethmi 48

1-4- KeĔumdrn`mh ̀ hregtnrhbh z`rdvstvemhf ustdmnvd ?:

1-?- Adleonng nicdŤdvdmbe ?4

1-<- Innice nicdŤdvdmbe ??1-0- \chè\fdre ?0

1-5- XnuPuoe ?5

1-1- Pwhtter ?5

9- Uprdvcbdmbe pn`dlhkd ?9

9-4- Gnrhsmhċgh prnahch pdlhbemdtd ?9

9-?- @hihtdchzdlhbd h prhbemns ke`hlhmsge `ngukemtdlhbe ?6

9-<- EF_ sustdv “ ecegtrnmhċgd odzd pdlhbemdtd ?8

9-0- APZ rdċumh h prhbemns pn`dtdgd <?6- Zrhkber z`rdvstvemni turhzkd u Frvdtsgnb “ Gchmhgd zd oncesth grdcbeŤmhle Qerteorhs <0

6-4- NicdŤdvdmbe <5

6-?- @ruŤtveme kreŽe <8

6-<- Uprdvcbdmbe pn`dlhkd 0<

8- Rdgcbuċdg 05

4:- Chterdturd 01



+ ? +

4- UQN@

U `dmdŤmbek knèrmnk `nou# teŤgn be zdkhschth ohcn gnbu vrstu pnscnvdmbd oez odrek

nsmnvme hmanrkdthċge pn`rŤge- Hstn vrhbe`h h zd z`rdvstvemh turhzdk# nozhrnk `d be u vechgnbveĉhmh scuċdbevd vechgd u`dcbemnst hzkeĔu pdlhbemtd h ustdmnve u gnbnb pcdmhrd nstvdrhth megu

n` uscuid z`rdvstvemni turhzkd- Uprdvn zoni tnid gnmlept e+pnscnvdmbd be gcbuċdm zoni tnid

Ťtn se pretpnstdvcbd `d ĉe pntemlhbdcmh gchbemth veĉhmu svnbhf `hcekd# uphtd# hstrdŽhvdmbd#

rezervdlhbe skbeŤtdbd hch chbeċembd nodvhth uprdvn putek Hmtermetd-

Zrekd hstrdŽhvdmbu Eurnpedm Prdvec Knmhtnr+d# md putnvdmbd gnbd su knthvhrdmd z`rdvcbek

`dmds ntpd`d ngn 45% ugupmni eurnpsgni keĔumdrn`mni turhsthċgni prnketd- Zrekd meghk

prnlbemdkd# skdtrd se gdgn ĉe z`rdvstvemh turhzdk u svhk mbeinvhk nochlhkd h `dcbe rdsth te

pnstdth be`mdgn vdŽdm gdn Ťtn su tn zhksgh hch inca+turhzdk- Megh n` `ruŤtvemn+egnmnksghf

trem`nvd gnbh ugdzubu md vechgu h rdstuĉu pntrdŽmbu zd nvnk vrstnk uscuid su mpr-

z`rdvstvemn sve nordznvdmhbe stdmnvmhŤtvn# stdrembe pnpucdlhbe h ùcbh Žhvntmh vhbeg# stdrembe

odoy+onnk iemerdlhbe# skdmbembe vechċhme `nkdĉhmstdvd# prnkbeme Žhvntmni sthcd h sustdvd

vrhbe`mnsth# kdmbe scnon`mni vrekemd# mdicdsdg zd z`rdvcbe h `nodr hzice`# nskhŤcbemh h lhcbdmh

prnirdkh prhvcdċembd pdlhbemdtd# sve uċestdchbe rezervdlhbe Hmtermetnk# ht`- &Gumst h `r-# ?:44(-

Uprdvn vezd Hmtermetd# ecegtrnmhċgni h knohcmni pnscnvdmbd te z`rdvstvemni turhzkd be

gcbuċmd zd gvdchtetmu prezemtdlhbu uscuid h kniuĉmnsth n`reĔeme èsthmdlhbe z`rdvstvemni

turhzkd# te orzu h tnċmu gnkumhgdlhbu s pntemlhbdcmhk gchbemthkd n`mnsmn pdlhbemthkd-

Mdgnm Ťtn se nobdsme pnbknvh z`rdvstvemni turhzkd te hmanrkdthċge pn`rŤge# u rdù se `dcbe

nobdŤmbdvd prnles rdzvnbd Hmtermet pcdtanrke zd prezemtdlhbu uscuid h n`mnse s pdlhbemthkd Ťtn

ugcbuċube rdzkbemu pn`dtdgd &ke`hlhmsge `ngukemtdlhbe( h gnkumhgdlhbu &e+kdhc# \gype#

Chve Lfdt# ht`-(# Hmtermet kdrgethmi gdn be`mhk n` mdbuċhmgnvhthbhf thpnvd kdrgethmid te ĉe md

grdbu ohth prhgdzdm prhkber uspbeŤme Hmtermet pcdtanrke zd n`mnse s pdlhbemthkd-



+ < +

?- NZāEMHPN N R@_DQ\PQEMNK PU_HRKU

R`rdvstvemh turhzdk be`dm be n` mdbstdrhbhf# dch h mdborŽe rdstuĉhf spelhahċmhf nochgd turhzkd-

Nmn pre`stdvcbd shtudlhbu gd`d se nsnod n`cuċh md putnvdmbe u megh `ruih ird`# reihbu hch`rŽdvu zoni ohcn gnbe vrste z`rdvstvemni tretkdmd- @hbech se md weccmess turhzdk# z`rdvstvemh

turhzdk# cbeċhchŤmh turhzdk te oncmhċgh hch ke`hlhmsgh turhzdk- Yeccmess turhzdk pn`rdzukhbevd

pnmuù pnstupdgd zd pnsthzdmbe npthkdcme tbecesme h ùfnvme `nornohth pnbe`hmdld# te se th

pnstuplh kniu redchzhrdth h oez chbeċmhċgni md`znrd- R`rdvstvemh turhzdk skdtrd se dgthvmnŤĉu

u gnbnb be vdŽdm struċmh md`znr chbeċmhgd hch mpr- ahzhnterdpeutd prhchgnk rdzmhf ahzhċghf

dgthvmnsth h ahzhgdcmhf terdphbd- CbeċhchŤmh turhzdk èahmhrd se gdn vrstd scnŽeme z`rdvstvemn+

turhsthċge dgthvmnsth gnbd se prnvn`h u prhrn`mhk cbeċhchŤthkd pn` md`znrnk struċmhf nsnod-

Oncmhċgh hch ke`hlhmsgh turhzdk be pnseomd gdteinrhbd gnbd pre`stdvcbd pnbe`hmle gnbh su

sprekmh md putnvdmbe rd`mh nodvcbdmbd n`reĔemhf ke`hlhmsghf zdfvdtd- &Gumst h `r-# ?:44(-

Mdbprnahtdohcmhbd te mdbprhvcdċmhbd zd hmvesthlhbe hdgn vbernbdtmn mdbkdmbe zdstupcbemd irdmd

z`rdvstvemni turhzkd be uprdvn oncmhċgh hch ke`hlhmsgh turhzdk- Znbe`hmlh se n`cuċubu md

tdgvd putnvdmbd rd`h oncbe reputdlhbe chbeċmhgd md n`reĔemnb èsthmdlhbh# hch zoni me `nstupmnsth

n`reĔemni ke`hlhmsgni zdfvdtd md pn`ruċbu mbhfnvni stdmnvdmbd-

Zrekd meghk hstrdŽhvdmbhkd# vechċhmd trŽhŤtd z`rdvstvemni turhzkd be ngn 45 khchbdr`h

dkerhċghf `ncdrd# md nsmnvu ngn 5 khchbumd pdlhbemdtd gnbh putubu zoni z`rdvcbd h pntrnŤe u

prnsbegu < thsuĉe dkerhċghf `ncdrd pn zdfvdtu- Zrnlbembube se `d ngn 5::-::: Dkerhgdmdld te

ngn ? khchbumd nstdchf putube u hmnzekstvn rd`h chbeċembd svdge in`hme-

&hmtermdthnmdcchvhmi-lnk# ?:4:(-

Mege n` icdvmhf èsthmdlhbd zd z`rdvstvemh turhzdk su KdĔdrsgd# Hm`hbd# Kegshgn# Pdbcdm`#

BuŽmd Gnrebd h Pursgd- Mdornbdme zekcbe su tn pnsthice ucdidmbhkd u z`rdvstvemu

hmardstrugturu# nstvdrembek keĔumdrn`mhf dgre`htdlhbd# gnmguremtmnk lhbemnk# cdgnĉnk

prhstupd turhsthċgnb hmardstrugturh# struċmnŤĉu h `nstupmnŤĉu chbeċmhgd te uċhmgnvhthk

dgthvmnsthkd md Hmtermetu- &pdthemtsoeynmònrèrs-lnk# ?:4:(

Icdvme spelhbdcmnsth zoni gnbhf se cbu`h n`cuċubu md putnvdmbe zoni z`rdvcbd su gnzkethċgd#

èmtdcmd h nrtnpe`sgd h meurn ghrurihbd-



+ 0 +

<- HMAN_KDPHăGD ZN@_ŪGD U R@_DQ\PQEMNK PU_HRKU

U svdgnk nzohcbmnk pnscnvdmbu pd tdgn h z`rdvstvemnk turhzku hmanrkdthċgd pn`rŤgd

zduzhkd vdŽmu ucniu ber nkniuĉdvd zmdtmn orŽe h trdmspdremtmhbe pnscnvdmbe te n`mnse s pntemlhbdcmhk gchbemthkd-

Hmanrkdthċgd pn`rŤgd nkniuĉube sve n` prezemtdlhbe uscuid# kdrgethmid# vnĔembd evhèmlhbe

n pdlhbemthkd# trdmsaerd ke h̀lhmsge `ngukemtdlhbe# hmanrkhrdmbd h eùgdlhbe pdlhbemdtd#

pruŽdmbd tzv- `ruini khŤcbembd putek Hmtermetd pd sve `n pcdĉdmbd uscuid &ZdyZdc# gre`htme

gdrthle( h anccnw+up+d mdgnm n`reĔemni zdfvdtd-

Ūtn se sdkni prnlesd gnkumhgdlhbe s pdlhbemthkd n` prvni gnmtdgtd# hmanrkdthċgd pn`rŤgd

mdk nkniuĉdvd prezemtdlhbu uscuid putek weo kbestd# grehrdmbe prnahcd pdlhbemdtd# n`dohr

oncmhld hz odze# n`dohr pdgetd uscuid gnbe pdlhbemt Žech# gnkumhgdlhbu s pre`stdvmhgnk

pdlhbemdtd &knèrdtnrnk(# pcdĉdmbe# spdbdmbe pdlhbemtd s oncmhlnk# te pntnk sdkn putnvdmbe h

chbeċembe-

\chgd 4- Zrnles z`rdvstvemni turhzkd &fttp2..www-l`dlknfdch-hm.Z^Ke`hldcPnurhsk-dspx(

http://www.cdacmohali.in/P_MedicalTourism.aspx

http://www.cdacmohali.in/P_MedicalTourism.aspx



+ 5 +

Mege n` pre`mnsth tdgvni prnlesd u z`rdvstvemnk turhzku su2

Kdmbe be vrekemsgh zdftbevdm &gnrhsmn u scuċdbevhkd fhtmhf h grhthċmhf nperdlhbd#

trdmspcdmtdlhbd nridmd h schċmn(

Znvncbmd lhbemd &hz perspegthve pdlhbemtd(

Hm`hvhùdcdm prhstup svdgnk pdlhbemtu

Kdmbe pdphrncnihbe zd `ngtnrd h pdlhbemtd

Iemerhrd `ruie rdzme pnvncbme uċhmge

_dzvnb vrfumsge ke`hlhmsge hmardstrugture

Nplhbd gnkohmhrdmbd weccmess+d h turhzkd-

&www-l`dlknfdch-hm.Z^Ke`hldcPnurhsk-dspx# ?:4?(



+ 1 +

0- Z_EREMPDLHBD U\CUID ZUPEK YEO KBE\PD

Nsmnvmn sre`stvn prezemthrdmbd kniuĉmnsth cngdcmni trŽhŤtd# lbemnvme gnmguremtmnsth#

struċmnsth n r̀eĔeme oncmhle hch chbeċmhgd h sc- be uprdvn weo kbestn gnbhk sve vnèĉe svbetsgez`rdvstveme ustdmnve prezemthrdbu svnbe uscuie ke`hlhmsghk turhsthkd `hcbek svhbetd-

Ugnchgn se invnrh n weo kbestu n`reĔeme oncmhle# gcbuċmn be megnchgn stvdrh2

4- @nord `nkemd gnbd ĉe grdtgn h bdsmn reĉh n ċeku se tnċmn rd`h# te u gnbnb zekcbh- Md

prhkber www-sphme+suriery+lrndthd-lnk

?- Be`mnstdvdm h ukberem hzice` “ pdlhbemt se meĉe n`cuċhth zoni dtrdgthvmni hzice`d weo

kbestd + ke`hlhmsgh turhsth ice`dbu ̀ ruie gdrdgterhsthge

<- Be`hmstvem sd`rŽdb be gcbuċdm zd pnzhlhnmhrdmbe md trdŽhchldkd te vbern`nstnbmnst keĔu

pntemlhbdcmhk gchbemthkd

0- Be`mnstdvdm sd`rŽdb “ `hbdimnzu h zdfvdte pntreomn be nobdsmhth md Ťtn be`mnstdvmhbh mdċhm

rdzukcbhv pdlhbemthkd

5- Npthkhzdlhbd zd trdŽhchle “ gvdchtetmnk npthkhzdlhbnk weo kbestd kniu se uŤte`beth h

preuskberhth zmdtmd sre`stvd gnbd oh se hmdċe utrnŤhcd u Hmtermet prnknlhbu

1- Be`mnstdvmd mdvhidlhbd sd Ťtn kdmbe gchgnvd “ ugnchgn pnsbethtecb n`mnsmn pdlhbemt knrd

utrnŤhth prevhŤe vrekemd zd `ncdzdg `n gvdchtetmhf hmanrkdlhbd# vechgd be vbernbdtmnst `d ĉe

uscuiu n`dordth md gvdchtetmhbe mdprdvcbemnk weo kbestu gn` gnmguremlhbe

9- _e`nvhtn n`rŽdvdmbe be be`md n` vdŽmhf stvdrh- Mdgnm svdgni uspbeŤmni tretkdmd

ke`hlhmsgni turhstd# pntreomn be nobdvhth tzv- svbe`nċdmstvn pdlhbemdtd pnprdĉemn vhèn

smhkgdkd h schgdkd gdgn oh se pn`hicn pnvberembe gn` nstdchf pntemlhbdcmhf gchbemdtd h

pntdgcn hf md n`dohr n`reĔeme z`rdvstveme ustdmnve

6- Hmteirdlhbd s `ruŤtvemhk kreŽdkd be tdgnĔer ohtmd# pnseohle kniuĉmnst `hbecbembd weo

kbestd md mdbpnpucdrmhbhk kreŽdkd pnput Pwhtter+d# Adleonng+d# h Innice Zcus+d



+ 9 +

0-4- N@DOH_ LK\ \U\PDQD

N`dohr sustdvd zd uprdvcbdmbe sd r̀Ždbek pre`stdvcbd hzdznv zd vn h̀tecbd prnbegtd ber n`dohr

mdboncbei rbeŤembd zd snonk mnsh h `ruie uċhmge pnput cdgnĉe hmstdcdlhbe h kdmbhf trnŤgnvdn`rŽdvdmbd# kdmbnk pntreonk zd `n`dtmhk prnirdkersghk rd`nk u ouùĉmnsth# veĉe

irdahċge h strugturdcme acegshohcmnsth h shiurmnsth sustdvd-

\chgd ?- Uspnreòd LK\+d &fed`stdm`ke`hd-lnk# ?:44(

Md nsmnvu inre nobdvcbeme uspnreòe# te md nsmnvu bnŤ meghf hstrdŽhvdmbd h uspnreòh#

mdbgvdchtetmhbh hzonr oh ohn Ynr`Zress gnbh be prvntmn zdkhŤcbem gdn ocni dcdt# keĔuthk ornbmd

uspbeŤmd weo kbestd su redchzhrdmd uprdvn md Ynr`Zress sustdvu- Ynr̀ Zress nkniuĉdvd

pnprhchċmn be`mnstdvmu hmstdcdlhbu# pnèŤdvdmbd# `n`dvdmbe mnvhf `hzdbmersghf pre`cnŽdgd h

tekd# hmstdcdlhbu `n`dtdgd te uprdvcbdmbe gnrhsmhċghk rdċumhkd h sd`rŽdbek-



+ 6 +

\chgd <- Zrhkber weo kbestd u z`rdvstvemnk turhzku odzhrdme

md Ynr`Zress sustdvu &nrtfnpe`hl+suriery+lrndthd-lnk# ?:4?(

0-?- N@DOH_ @HRDBMD

QdŽmd be ċhmbemhld `d se pdlhbemth meĉe n`cuċhth zd chbeċembe u n`reĔemnb gchmhlh hch zekcbh zoni

cbepnte h dtrdgthvmnsth Hmtermet prezemtdlhbe- Pn me zmdċh `d hzice` weo kbestd mhbe vdŽdm-

Zntreomn be dmidŽhrdth struċmbdgd gnbh knŽe mdprdvhth gvdchtetdm `hzdbm nvhsmn n LK\ sustdvu

gnbh be n`dordm- @n`dtmd be kniuĉmnst gupmbd intnvni pre`cnŤgd md megnb n` mege uice`me

`hzdbmersge guĉe-

\chgd 0- N`dohr ̀ hzdbmersgni pre`cnŤgd &wnntfekes-lnk# ?:4?(



+ 8 +

0-<- HM\PDCDLHBD H ZN@EŪDQDMBE

Mdgnm Ťtn be n`dordm sustdv zd uprdvcbdmbe sd`rŽdbek &LK\( te prhgcd`dm `hzdbm# md re`

`ncdzh hmstdcdlhbd h pnèŤdvdmbe sustdvd te odze pn`dtdgd- Nsmnvmh gnrdlh2 Rdgup Yhm`nws.Chmux pnscuŽhtecbd# nvhsmn n LK\ sustdvu gnbei skn n`dordch

Zreuzhkdmbe zd`mbe hmdċhle LK\ sustdvd te pn`hzdmbe md pnscuŽhtecb putek APZ prntngncd

Grehrdmbe odze pn`dtdgd# gnrhsmhgd# te `n`dvdmbe gnrhsmhgd u odzu &\TC# ZfpKyD`khm(

Hmstdcdlhbd LK\ sustdv h pnèŤdvdmbe prekd zdftbevhkd prnbegtd

\chgd 5- Be`dm n` gnrdgd hmstdcdlhbe Ynr`Zress sustdvd &slreemsfnt(

0-0- @N@DQDMBE \D@_ŻDBD

Be`md n` mdbvdŽmhbhf stdvgh gvdchtetmni weo kbestd be uprdvn mbeinv sd`rŽdb- Be h̀mn gvdchtetd#

pnuz`dm# dch h be`mnstdvdm sd`rŽdb zd`rŽdth ĉe pntemlhbdcme gchbemte &u nvnk scuċdbu

ke`hlhmsge putmhge( md weo kbestu- D`khmhstrdlhbd prhkberhle Ynr`Zress sustdvd be vrcn

be`mnstdvmd h hmtuhthvmd# te ĉe h kdmbe hsgusmh gnrhsmhlh rdċumdcd h Hmtermetd oez vechghf mdpnrd

cdgn `n`dvdth mnve ċcdmge sd schgdkd- Mdpre`mhbe aumglhbe pnput `n`dvdmbd mnvhf gdteinrhbd#

`n`dtdgd h whìet +d treod prepusthth hsgusmhbhk h vhŤe rdmihrdmhk gnrhsmhlhkd

&d`khmhstrdtnrhkd(-



+ 4: +

\chgd 1- @n`dvdmbe sd`rŽdbd Ynr`Zress sustdvnk &sphme+suriery+lrndthd-lnk# ?:4?(

\vdgd nzohcbmd nridmhzdlhbd gnbd se odvh z`rdvstvemhk turhzknk knrd hkdth n`reĔeme

sd`rŽdbe gdgn oh se knicd `nstnbmn mnshth s gnmguremlhbnk h prhvcdċhth hmteres mnvhf

pntemlhbdcmhf gchbemdtd tb- pdlhbemdtd- Ph sd`rŽdbh se kniu rdzvrstdth u megnchgn gdteinrhbd2

Qhbesth

Pretkdmh &zdfvdth(

Oncesth

\vbe`nċdmstvd pdlhbemdtd

Dmhkdlhbe h smhkge nperdthvmhf h `ruihf zdfvdtd

Gnmtdgt hmanrkdlhbe

Znvhbest ustdmnve s mdbvdŽmhbhk ċhmbemhldkd

Dgre`htdlhbe gchmhge h lerthahgdth chbeċmhgd

\chgd 9- Zrhkber weo kbestd u z`rdvstvemnk turhzku odzhrdmemd Ynr`Zress sustdvu &sphme+suriery+lrndthd-lnk# ?:4?(



+ 44 +

0-5- NZPHKHRDLHBD RD P_DŻHCHLE

Npthkhzdlhbd zd trdŽhchle &emi- sedrlf emihme npthkhzdthnm “ \EN( be prnles umdpreĔembd

vh c̀bhvnsth weo kbestd md prhrn`mhk n`mnsmn mepcdĉemhk rezuctdthkd pretrdŽhvdmbd-Iemerdcmn# vhŤe rdmihrdmn weo kbestn ĉe `nohth vhŤe pnsbethtecbd s pretrdŽhvdċd- Npthkhzdlhbd

zd trdŽhchle knŽe se n`vhbdth zd vhŤe thpnvd sd`rŽdbd “ schge# vhèn smhkge# dgdèksge ċcdmge#

vhbesth# ht`- Gdn strdteihbd Hmtermet kdrgethmid# npthkhzdlhbd zd trdŽhchle prnuċdvd gdgn rdè

pretrdŽhvdċh te Ťtn cbu`h pretrdŽubu- Npthkhzdlhbd weo kbestd knŽe ugcbuċhvdth prnkbemu

sd`rŽdbd# FPKC+d h `ruihf gn`nvd gdgn oh se pnveĉdcd recevdmtmnst prekd spelhahċmhk

gcbuċmhk rhbeċhkd te gdgn oh se ugcnmhce odrhbere h meprdvhcmnsth gn` hmègshrdmbd weo kbestd

md pretrdŽhvdċhkd- &fttp2..em-whghpe`hd-nri.whgh.\edrlfêmihme^npthkhzdthnm# ?:4?(

Zreùvbeth zd `noru h gnmstdmtmu pnzhlhbu md trdŽhchldkd su gvdchtetdm h umhgdtdm sd`rŽdb#

re`nvhtn n r̀Ždvdmbe h nsvbeŽdvdmbe weo kbestd mnvhk sd`rŽdbhkd te sekdmthċgh hsprdvdm h

strugturhrdm gð`- &fttp2..khgeordmsgh-lnk.ocni.gey+pnhmts+tn+oetter+sen.# ?:44(

Zrnles npthkhzdlhbe zd trdŽhchle sdstnbh se n` 4: gnrdgd2 hmhlhbdcmd dmdchzd# hstrdŽhvdmbe h

dmdchzd gcbuċmhf rhbeċh# dmdchzd gnmguremlhbe# `n`dvdmbe kdpe weo kbestd h _\\ aee` +d#

`n`dvdmbe weo kbestd md pretrdŽhvdċe h `hregtnrhbe# `n`dvdmbe md r̀uŤtveme kreŽe# grehrdmbe

ocni +nvd h hzvbeŤĉd zd ke`hbe# `n`dvdmbe ċcdmdgd# hstrdŽhvdmbe pnpucdrmnsth chmgnvd# hzvbeŤtdb n

pnzhlhbh md pretrdŽhvdċhkd &emi- sedrlf emihme rdmg pnshthnm “ \E_Z(-

\chgd 6- Zrnles npthkhzdlhbe zd trdŽhchle &senlnmsuctdmts-lnk-si# ?:4?(



+ 4? +

0-1- \HIU_MN\P

\hiurmnst pn`dtdgd# ke`hlhmsge `ngukemtdlhbe h gnrespnmèmlhbe s pdlhbemthkd be pnseomn

vdŽmd u z`rdvstvemnk turhzku ber se intnvn uvhbeg rd`h n nsbetcbhvhk h prhvdtmhk pn`dlhkd

svdgni pdlhbemtd- \dkn be`dm cnŤ pntez hch ”prnvdcd– u sustdv `nvesth ĉe `n pd`d gre`hohchtetd h

pnvberembd u z`rdvstvemu ustdmnvu-

\ nozhrnk `d be Ynr`Zress# dch h veĉhmd `ruihf pnpucdrmhf LK\ sustdvd# hzmhkmn rdŤhrem

sustdv te `d zd mbeid pnstnbh bdgn pumn mescuŽoemhf `n`dtdgd# pntreomn be nshiurdth n`reĔeme

uvbete gdgn oh se zdŤththn sustdv h pnvbercbhvh pn`dlh pdlhbemdtd2

Nsnomn rdċumdcn d`khmhstrdtnrd knrd ohth ”ċhstn– h shiurmn Zrepnruċcbhvn gnrhŤtembe shiurme veze gd` in` be kniuĉe &\\C te sAPZ(

Gnrhsthth pnuz`dmni fnsthmi prnvhèrd

Gnrhsthth pnuz`dme ̀ hzdbmersge pre`cnŤge

Gnrhsthth pnuz`dme `n`dtge & pcuihm+e(

Gnmstdmtmn rd`hth md`nird`mbe LK\ sustdvd# ̀ n`dtdgd h `hzdbmersghf pre`cnŽdgd

_e`nvhtn rd`hth odlgup ahcenve h odzd

&fttp2..htfekes-lnk.?:4?.:0.?1.cnlg`nwm+wnr`press+selurhty+thps+arnk+tfe+prns+weohmdr+repcdy.# ?:4?(



+ 4< +

5- GNKUMHGDLHBD \ ZDLHBEMPHKD

Orzd# dch pnmdbprhbe gvdchtetmd gnkumhgdlhbd gcbuċ be uspbefd h gnmverzhbe uphtd pdlhbemtd u

stvdrmh z`rdvstvemh tretkdm- ZnŽecbmn be ohth `nstupdm n`kdf# h tn md vhŤe rdzchċhthf gdmdcd pnput `ruŤtvemhf kreŽd# \K\ pnrugd# teceanmsghf pnzhvd# \gype pnzhvd te pn`rŤge uŽhvn md

weo kbestu &emi- Chve lfdt (-

U gnkumhgdlhbh s pdlhbemthkd nodvezmn be ohth tnċdm# gnmzhstemtdm h pnuz`dm- Ugnchgn se u

vhŤe mdvrdtd pdlhbemthkd pruŽe rdzchċhte hmanrkdlhbd zd hsth upht# `nĉh ĉe `n pd`d gre`hohchtetd h

pnvberembd hzkeĔu pdlhbemtd h ustdmnve-

Nvhsmn n lhcbdmhk trŽhŤthkd# pntreomn be hkdth nperdtere hch diemte gnbh prhċdbu bezhg prhsutdm

md n`reĔemhk trŽhŤthkd n`mnsmn zekcbdkd- Ugnchgn pdlhbemt me prhċd emicesghk bezhgnk#

pntreomn be nshiurdth pnuz`dmni prevn`htecbd thbegnk prenperdthvmni h pnstnperdthvmni

preice`d-

\chgd 8- Zrnles gnmverzhbe hz uphtd pdlhbemtd u z`rdvstvemh tretkdm- &DccKe`hldcPnurhsk-lnk#

?:44(-



+ 40 +

5-4- ADLEONNG

Adleonng gdn mdbveĉd `ruŤtvemd kreŽd `dmdŤmbhle pruŽd vechge kniuĉmnsth oespcdtmni

kdrgethmid te gnkumhgdlhbe s pntemlhbdcmhk gchbemthkd n`mnsmn pdlhbemthkd- Zrvh be gnrdg grehrdmbe Adleonng adm strdmhle md gnbu se pntnk `n`dbu nsmnvme hmanrkdlhbe n ustdmnvh

pnput gnmtdgt pn`dtdgd# d`rese weo kbestd h schċmn- \chbeèĉh gnrdg be premnŤembe svhf

hmanrkdlhbd s weo kbestd md Adleonng adm strdmhlu# Ťtn ugcbuċube grehrdmbe idcerhbd h

`n`dvdmbe schge# `n`dvdmbe vhèn smhkgh# chmgnvd md svbe`nċdmstvd pdlhbemdtd te md mege n`

mdbpnpucdrmhbhf ċcdmdgd s weo kbestd-

Mdbveĉh be hzdznv gdgn md Adleonng strdmhlu ustdmnve prhvuĉh pntemlhbdcme pdlhbemte te sdkhkthke hsgnrhsthth Adleonng zd oespcdtmh kdrgethmi- MdbcdgŤh su mdċhmh2

@n`dvdmbe chmgd md Adleonng strdmhlu u e+kdhc pntphs

Mdprdvhth ocni pnst hch ċcdmdg md weo kbestu s nodvhbeŤĉu n ntvdrdmbu Adleonng strdmhle

Nzmdċdvdmbe `ruihf# pnsbeĉemhbhf# Adleonng strdmhld u mnvhk pnstnvhkd

@n`dvdmbe Adleonng whìet +d md scuŽoemn weo kbestn hch ocni

@n`dvdmbe nzmdgd md XnuPuoe vhèn smhkge

@n`dvdmbe pnvezmhle md nsnomh Adleonng prnahc&fttp2..www-snlhdcke h̀dexdkhmer-lnk.?:+wdys+tn+prnknte+ynur+adleonng+adm+pdie.# ?:44(

\chgd 4:- Zrhkber uspbeŤme Adleonng strdmhle zd z r̀dvstvemh turhzdk &adleonng-lnk# ?:4?(



+ 45 +

Kniuĉmnsth Adleonng adm strdmhle u skhscu hmterdglhbe s pnsbethtecbhkd h pntemlhbdcmhk

pdlhbemthkd2

Nobdve vhèn svbe`nċdmstvd pdlhbemdtd

Nobdve idcerhbe schgd

@hbecbembe pnvezmhld md ċcdmge s weo kbestd

@hregtmd gnkumhgdlhbd s Adleonng gnrhsmhlhkd putek pnrugd

Nobdvd svhf vrstd mnvnsth hz z`rdvstveme ustdmnve

5-?- \GXZE

\gype vrcn gnrhstdm dcdt zd gnkumhgdlhbu nozhrnk `d be oespcdtdm hch vrcn beathm# te se knŽe

gnrhsthth s pdketmhf teceanmd# nsnomhf h prhbemnsmhf rdċumdcd- Mege n` gdrdgterhsthgd \gype+d2

Kniuĉmnst pnèŤdvdmbd segretdrhle

Kniuĉmnst vhèn rdzinvnrd

Kniuĉmnst grehrdmbd irupd

Qrcn pnvncbmd hch oespcdtmd gnkumhgdlhbd

_dŤhremnst

\chgd 44- \gype icdvmh prnznr s gnmtdgthkd h prnahcnk & slreemsfnt (



+ 41 +

5-<- CHQE LFDP

Zn`rŤgd uŽhvn &emi- chve lfdt ( md weo kbestu z`rdvstveme ustdmnve be nplhbd gnbd zdshiurmn

knŽe pnknĉh u rbeŤdvdmbu me`nukhld pdlhbemdtd te pnveĉdmbu pnstntgd gnmverzhbd uphtd

pdlhbemdtd u stvdrme z`rdvstveme tretkdme- Zre`mnst pn`rŤge uŽhvn be u tnke Ťtn bnb gnrhsmhg

prhstupd hzrdvmn s weo kbestd ustdmnve# mdbċeŤĉe nm`d gd`d se mdĔe u me`nukhlh hch gd`d hkd

prnocekd s odrdtdmbek ke`hlhmsghk terkhmhkd Ťtn nkniuĉdvd tremutdċmn rbeŤdvdmbe svhf

`hcekd h me`nukhld pdlhbemdtd- Zrnkptmd gnkumhgdlhbd s pdlhbemtnk putek pn`rŤge uŽhvn se

be pngdzdcd gdn hzrdzhtn uċhmgnvhtd ketn`d gnkumhgdlhbe-

Gchbemt n`mnsmn pdlhbemt pn`rŤlh uŽhvn prhstupd putek nzmdge md weo kbestu &ugnchgn benperdter prhsutdm(# te se hspumbdvdmbek nsmnvmhf pn`dtdgd &hke h e+kdhc( pnvezubu gchbemt h

nperdter- Nperdter md svnk knohcmnk teceanmu &Dm r̀nh` h hN\ sustdv(# prhbemnsmnk hch

nsnomnk rdċumdcu knrd hkdth hmstdchrdmu dpchgdlhbu gdgn oh knidn prhkhth h nìnvnrhth md upht

pdlhbemtd- Hmstdcdlhbd be be`mnstdvmd# pntreomn be sghmuth hzvrŤmu hmstdcdlhbsgu `dtntegu sd

scuŽoeme weo kbestd Chve Lfdt prnirdkd# n`mnsmn s Dm`rnh` kdrget +d hch Dppce Dpp\tnre+d-

\chgd 4?- Gnrespnmèmlhbd pdlhbemtd h nperdterd putek pn`rŤge uŽhvn md weo kbestu &sphme+

suriery+lrndthd-lnk# ?:4?(-



+ 49 +

Ugnchgn nperdter mhbe prhsutdm md vcdsthtnk rdċumdcu hch knohcmnk teceanmu# kniuĉd be prhbdvd

h md weo suċecbe pn`rŤge uŽhvn i`be s ohcn gnbei rdċumdcd knŽe gnkumhlhrdth s gchbemthkd#

pnice`dth drfhvu gnkumhgdlhbe zdbe`mn s HZ d r̀esdkd# h sc-

\chgd 4<- Yeo suċecbe dpchgdlhbe zd pn`rŤgu uŽhvn &weoshtelfdt-met# ?:4?(

5-0- E+KDHC

Ecegtrnmhċgd pnŤtd &emi- e+kdhc( be mdbċeŤĉh mdċhm gnkumhgdlhbe s gchbemthkd u z`rdvstvemnk

turhzku-

\kbermhle zd gvdchtetmu h pnuz`dmu gnkumhgdlhbu s pdlhbemthkd2

Zrvh nìnvnr md upht knrd ohth u rngu <: khmutd

Nìnvnr knrd ohth oncbh h gvdchtetmhbh n` gnmguremlhbe te persnmdchzhrdm

Me gnrhsthth e+kdhcnve odzhrdme md stdm`dr`mhk pre`cnŤlhkd

Me trdŽhth ke`hlhmsgu ̀ ngukemtdlhbu prerdmn

Gnrhsthth gvdchtetdm emicesgh bezhg oez ireŤdgd

Nodvezmn gnrhsthth scuŽoemh e+kdhc# mpr- hke^`ngtnrdJhke^gchmhge-lnk# mhgdgn Jikdhc h

schċme d`rese

&DccKe`hldcPnurhsk-lnk# ?:44(-



+ 46 +

Gcbuċme tnċge zd gvdchtetdm e+kdhc nìnvnr pdlhbemtu2

Bdsdm pre`ket pnruge

Uvn`

Zre`stdvcbdmbe diemtd h ustdmnve Ūtn ustdmnvu ċhmh be`hmstvemnk h oncbnk

@ninvnrhth teceanmsgh rdzinvnr

Bdsmh gnmtdgt pn`dlh u pntphsu

\chgd 40- Gvdchtetmn mdphsdm nìnvnr md upht pdlhbemtd &DccKe`hldcPnurhsk-lnk# ?:44(-



+ 48 +

1- HMPE_MEP KD_GEPHMI

Hmtermet kdrgethmi# weo kdrgethmi hch nmchme kdrgethmi pre`stdvcbd pnbdk prnknlhbe

prnhzvn`d hch uscuid putek Hmtermetd- Hmtermet kdrgethmi se skdtrd Ťhrnghk pnbknk s nozhrnk`d ugcbuċube kdrgethmi md Hmtermetu# dch h e+kdhc kdrgethmi te kdrgethmi md ecegtrnmsghk

ke`hbhkd- Rdbe`mn pnvezube gredthvme h tefmhċge dspegte Hmtermetd ugcbuċubuĉh `hzdbm# rdzvnb#

nicdŤdvdmbe h prn`dbu-

Mdbzdstupcbemhbh thpnvh Hmtermet kdrgethmid2

\chgnvmn nicdŤdvdmbe “ odmmerh

Pegstudcmn nicdŤdvdmbe “ chmgnvh Kdrgethmi md pretrdŽhvdċhkd &mpr- Innice nicdsh(

Npthkhzdlhbd zd pretrdŽhvdċe

Kdrgethmi md ̀ ruŤtvemhk kreŽdkd &mpr- Adleonng nicdsh(

E+kdhc kdrgethmi

&fttp2..em-whghpe`hd-nri.whgh.Hmtermet^kdrgethmi# ?:4?(

Zre`mnsth Hmtermet kdrgethmid2 Lhbemd nicdŤdvdmbd md Hmtermetu be pnvncbmhbd mein u nstdchk ke`hbhkd

NicdŤdvdmbek md Hmtermetu cdgŤe se ̀ ncdzh ̀ n lhcbdme puochge

QdŤd regcdkd vh`cbhvd be ?0 sdtd `mevmn

Uċhmlh regcdke su vh`cbhvh n`kdf

Orzhmd “gdkpdmbu md Hmtermetu kniuĉe be nskhschth h redchzhrdth u vrcn grdtgnk rngu

Aeeòdlg “ Hmtermet puochgd redihrd md sd`rŽdbe weo kbestd

Gupdl knŽe ètdcbmn vh`beth h hzdordth vdŤe prnhzvnè `ng be u `ruihk ke`hbhkdnirdmhċem prnstnrnk h vrekemnk

&knmhtnr-fr kdrgethmi ornŤurd# ?:4:(



+ ?: +

1-4- KEĚUMD_N@MH @H_EGPN_HBH R@_DQ\PQEMHF U\PDMNQD

Be`dm n` mdċhmd Hmtermet kdrgethmid be ċcdmstvn u keĔumdrn`mhk `hregtnrhbhkd z`rdvstvemhf

ustdmnvd- Znstnbe oespcdtmh h pcdĉemh `hregtnrhbh- Uċcdmbembek u mdveème `hregtnrhbe `nohvd se be`hmstvemn gnrhsmhċgn hke h cnzhmgd gnbhkd se prhstupd nmchme d`khmhstrdlhbh i`be skn u

kniuĉmnsth pnpumhth prnahce gchmhgd h chbeċmhgd# `n`dth idcerhbd schgd# vhèn smhkge# chmgnve md

weo kbestd h schċmn-

Mdbpnpucdrmhbh keĔumdrn`mh `hregtnrhbh z`rdvstvemhf ustdmnvd2

PretkemtDornd` “ www-tredtkemtdornd -̀lnk

YfereHsKy@nltnr “ www-wferehsky`nltnr-lnk YfdtLchmhl “ www-wfdtlchmhl-lnk

Zcdlh`Ydy “ www-pcdlh`wdy-lnk

Zdthemts Oeynm` Onrèrs “ www-pdthemtsoeynmònrèrs-lnk

Pfe Lchmhl Ahmèr “ www-tfelchmhlahmèr-lnk

NrohLchmhl “ www-nrohlchmhl-lnk

\chgd 45- Gnkpcetmn pnpumbem prnahc u NrohLchmhl `hregtnrhbu &nrohlchmhl-lnk# ?:4?(



+ ?4 +

1-?- ADLEONNG NICDŪDQDMBE

Adleonng tremutmn hkd ngn 8:: khchbumd gnrhsmhgd Ťtn pre`stdvcbd nirnkmn trŽhŤte zd

nicdŤdvdmbe- ZnèŤdvdmbe gdkpdmbd h nicdsd be vrcn be`mnstdvmn te mu`h kmnin kniuĉmnsth

lhcbdmbd puochge- Mege n` kniuĉmnsth prhcdinĔdvdmbd prhgdzd nicdsd# gnbhkd se prelhzhrd

prhgdzhvdmbe nicdsd hsgcbuċhvn lhcbdmnb puochlh2

N`dohr ̀ rŽdve.reihbe.ird`d.pnŤtdmsgni ornbd

N`dohr ̀ nome gdteinrhbe

N`dohr spncd

N`dohr gnrhsmhgd sd spelhahċmhk hmtereshkd

N`dohr gdteinrhbd

\chgd 41- Zrhgdz ̀ etdcbd Adleonng gdkpdmbe &fttp2..krkhlfdectulger-lnk.adleonng+d`s+

kdmdier+iets+d+adlechat.# ?:44(



+ ?? +

Adleonng nicdŤdvdmbe nkniuĉube pcdĉdmbe nicdŤdvdmbd prekd prhgdzu h prekd gchgu &emi-

pdy+per+lchlg# pdy+per+hkpresshnm(- Me`dvmd hstrdŽhvdmbd `nkdĉhf struċmbdgd `nvnè u

phtdmbe prnahtdohcmnst h hspcdthvnst Adleonng nicdŤdvdmbd- Mdhke# nmn be intnvn ùpcn sgupcbe

mein gnmtegstudcmn nicdŤdvdmbe md meghk `ruihk servhshkd pnput Innice D`Ynr`s+d-

&sen-fr# Ūdrhĉ# ?::6(-

\chgd 49- Zrhkber Adleonng nicdsd s ̀ esme strdme egrdmd &adleonng-lnk# ?:4?(

1-<- INNICE NICDŪDQDMBE

Innice D`Ynr`s be uscuid Hmtermet kdrgethmid gnbd nkniuĉube prhvcdċembe npthkdcme

gnchċhme prnketd md weo kbestd- Aumglhnmhrd tdgn `d se uz n`reĔeme nplhbe pnmuè gcbuċmerhbeċh gnbe se zdthk hstdgmutn prhgdzubu md vrfu rezuctdtd pretrdie te md pdrtmersghk weo

kbesthkd Innice+d- Innice nkniuĉue nicdŤdvdmbe pcdĉemn pn gchgu hch pn thsuĉu prhgdzd

nicdsd &emi- pdy+per+lchlg# lnst+per+tfnusdm`(-

Nicdsh se kniu prhgdzhvdth pn rdzmhk pdrdketrhkd# n` cngdlhbe gnrhsmhgd# bezhgd gnbei gnrhsth#

pd sve `n rdzmhf èknirdasghf nplhbd-



+ ?< +

\chgd 46- Zrhgdz d`khmhstrdlhbe Innice nicdŤhvdċge gdkpdmbe &d`wnr`s-innice-lnk# ?:4?(

Mege ċhmbemhle n Innice nicdŤdvdmbu2

4::% lhcbdmn nicdŤdvdmbe

@nsei `n 6:% gnrhsmhgd hmtermetd

Hzvrsmd dmdchzd rezuctdtd

Qechge kniuĉmnsth prhcdinĔdvdmbd prhgdzhvdmbd nicdsd

&fttp2..www-npthkus:4-ln-zd.d`wnr`s+stdts+dm`+adlts-ftkc# ?:4?(

\chgd 48- Zrhkber Innice nicdsd hzmd` h s èsme strdme stdm`dr`mhf rezuctdtd pretrdŽhvdmbd&innice-ln-ug# ?:4?(



+ ?0 +

1-0- \CH@E\FD_E

\chè\fdre be mdbveĉd svbetsgd kreŽd zd `hbecbembe prezemtdlhbd putek Hmtermetd- \ pregn 1:

khchbumd pnsbethtecbd h 4<: khchbumd prhgdzd strdmhld kbeseċmn# uordbd se u ?:: mdbpnsbeċemhbhf

svbetsghf weo kbestd- Znre` prezemtdlhbd# \chè\fdre pn`rŽdvd `hbecbembe `ngukemdtd# Z@A

`ngukemdtd# vhèn smhkgh h weohmdrd-

Kniuĉmnsth \chè\fdre u z`rdvstvemnk turhzku2

@hbecbembe prhvdtmhf h bdvmhf prezemtdlhbd n nperdlhbdkd h h̀bdimnzdkd

Zreuzhkdmbe prezemtdlhbd

@hbecbembe prezemtdlhbd md ocninvhkd# weo kbesthkd h ̀ ruŤtvemhk kreŽdkd gchmhgd

\hmgrnmhzhrdmbe kp< du`hn smhkgh s prezemtdlhbdkd s lhcbek grehrdmbd weohmdrd zd

eùgdlhbu pdlhbemdtd

\chè\fdre be mdbbe`mnstdvmhbh mdċhm `hbecbembd prezemtdlhbd sd svhk gnrhsmhlhkd Hmtermetd-

Znin`dm be zd prnknvhrdmbe prnhzvn`d h uscuid md svhk bezhlhkd u vrcn grdtgnk rngu-

\chgd ?:- Zrhgdz prezemtdlhbe n z`rdvstvemnk turhzku &\chè\fdre-lnk# ?:4?(



+ ?5 +

1-5- XNUPUOE

XnuPuoe servhs zd rdzkbemu vhèn `dtntegd be hzvrstdm mdċhm prnknlhbe uscuid h prnhzvn`d u

z`rdvstvemnk turhzku- Grehrdmbek XnuPuoe rdċumd h gdmdcd# u kniuĉmnsth skn premhbeth

vhèn smhkge zdfvdtd h rdzmhf `hbdimnzd te svbe`nċdmstvd pdlhbemdtd md XnuPuoe pnscuŽhtecbe-

Pe hste vhèn smhkge skn pntnk u kniuĉmnsth pn`hbechth md sve nstdce `ruŤtveme kreŽe pnput

Pwhtter+d h Adleonng+d# te hf uird`hth &emi- ekoe` ( md veĉ pnstnbeĉe weo kbestn-

Zutek XnuPuoe gdmdcd# kniuĉe be prdthth stdthsthge prhgdzd vhèn smhkgh te gnkumhlhrdth s

pntemlhbdcmhk gchbemthkd putek gnkemtdrd h pnrugd-

\chgd ?4- XnuPuoe gdmdc gchmhge zd oncesth grdcbeŽmhle &ynutuoe-lnk# ?:4?(

1-1- PYHPPE_

Pwhtter be `ruŤtvemd kreŽd odzhrdmd md rdzkbemh stdtusd &tzv- tweetnvd( ùŽhme `n 40:

zmdgnvd- Premutmn Pwhtter gnrhsth pregn 4:: khchbumd gnrhsmhgd- Pwhtter nkniuĉdvd

hmanrkhrdmbe gnrhsmhgd gnbh prdte prnahc gchmhge hch ustdmnve n mnvnsthkd# chbeċembu mnvhf pdlhbemdtd# struċmhk hzcdidmbhkd chbeċmhgd md gnmireshkd-



+ ?1 +

PdgnĔer# kniuĉe prhcnŽhth schgu# vhèn smhkgu hch pnvezmhlu md ocni nobdvu# te gnkumhlhrdth s

gchbemthkd h pdrtmerhkd putek `hregtmhf pnrugd-

\chgd ??- Pwhtter prnahc gchmhge zd oncesth grdcbeŽmhle &twhtter-lnk# ?:4?(

\kbermhle zd uspbeŤmhbe gnrhŤtembe Pwhtter+d zd prnknvhrdmbe uscuid u z`rdvstvemnk turhzku2

Grehrdmbe Pwhtter rdċumd s d`resnk recevdmtmnk pnscu gnbhk se odvhkn “ mpr-

www-twhtter-lnk.\phme\urieryLrn

GnrhŤtembe schge prnahcd h npthkhzdlhbe hste oespcdtmhk Pwhtter dcdthkd

@n`dvdmbe weo d`rese z`rdvstveme ustdmnve

Zrnknvhrdth prhsustvn md Pwhtteru `n`dvdmbek chmgnvd md weo kbestd# e+kdhc pntphse#

irupme pnruge ecegtrnmhċge pnŤte &emi- mewscetter (

Gnrhsteĉh Innice dcdt zd gcbuċme rhbeċh prnmdĉh gcbuċme rhbeċh vezdme uz `becdtmnst ustdmnve

te hf `n`dvdth u tvhtnve gnrhsteĉh ”,– shkonc hspre` gcbuċme rhbeċh

Gcbuċme rhbeċh gnrhsthth u prvhf <: zmdgnvd tvhtd rd`h orŽei prdĉembd n` strdme Innice+d

Znstdvcbdth tvhtnve s chmgnvhkd# hmanrkdlhbd# schgdkd h vhèn smhkgdkd vezdmhkd zd

`becdtmnst z`rdvstveme ustdmnve

ZruŽdth pnseome pnin`mnsth pdlhbemthkd gnbh prdte z`rdvstvemu ustdmnvh md Pwhtter+u

&fttp2..weodpprdter-lnk.drthlces.?:+twhtter+prnknthnm+hèds+anr+ynur+oushmess-ftkc# ?:44(



+ ?9 +

9- UZ_DQCBDMBE ZN@DLHKD

Zn` uprdvcbdmbek pn`dlhkd u z`rdvstvemnk turhzku pn`rdzukhbevd se trdmsaer# prhfvdĉdmbe h

drfhvhrdmbe ke`hlhmsghf h pnvbercbhvhf pn`dtdgd pdlhbemdtd- Zn`dtge s pdlhbemthkd kniuĉe berdzkbembhvdth putek ecegtrnmhċge pnŤte# rdzmhk servhshkd zd `hbecbembe `ngukemdtd pnput

@rnpOnx+d# APZ+d &emi- ahce trdmsaer prntnlnc ( hch pnseomn grehrdme dpchgdlhbd zd uprdvcbdmbe

prnahchkd pdlhbemdtd-

9-4- GN_H\MHăGH Z_NAHCH ZDLHBEMDPD

Gnrhsmhċgh prnahc pdlhbemtd grehrd sdk pdlhbemt mdgnm reihstrdlhbe h n`norembd gnrhsmhċgni

rdċumd n` strdme d`khmhstrdtnrd- Zutek gnrhsmhċgni prnahcd# sgrdĉube se vrhbeke gnkumhgdlhbe

h trnŤembe resursd- Dpchgdlhbd be odzhrdmd md Hmtermetu h gnrhsth se pregn weo preice`mhgd-

Zdlhbemt be u kniuĉmnsth sdknstdcmn nìnvnrhth md svd phtdmbd gnbd oh ku pnstdvhn h chbeċmhg

prhchgnk stvdrmni gchmhċgni preice`d- Mdgnm Ťtn pdlhbemt pntpumn pnpumh prnahc# chbeċmhg

preice`dvd nìnvnre md umdprhbe` èahmhrdmd phtdmbd te ke`hlhmsgu `ngukemtdlhbu gdgn oh

pdlhbemtu pruŽhn tzv- `ruin khŤcbembe md nsmnvu gnbeid se pdlhbemt n`cuċube md chbeċembe-

\chgd ?<- Gnrhsmhċgh prnahc pdlhbemtd md servhsu Icnodc Zdthemt Metwnrg

&icnodcpdthemtservhles-lnk# ?:4?(



+ ?6 +

9-?- @HIHPDCHRDLHBD H Z_HBEMN\ KE@HLHM\GE @NGUKEMPDLHBE

Hmanrkdthċgd pn`rŤgd nkniuĉdvd zmdtme uŤteè thbegnk `hihtdchzdlhbe h prhbemnsd ke`hlhmsge

`ngukemtdlhbe n` pdlhbemtd `n z`rdvstveme ustdmnve- Gnmvemlhnmdcme ketnè ugcbuċubuùpchlhrdmbe tzv- ahcknvd &schgd( u gchmhgdkd# antngnphrdmbe mdcdzd# gnphrdmbe L@ ke`hbd te

scdmbe pnŤtnk- Meidthvme gdrdgterhsthge tdgvhf ketn`d su iuohtdg vrekemd# veĉh trnŤgnvh u

n`mnsu md ecegtrnmhċgu rdzkbemu ke`hlhmsge `ngukemtdlhbe te kniuĉmnst mestdmgd pdgetd-

Gnrdlh gn` prhbemnsd ke`hlhmsge `ngukemtdlhbe ecegtrnmhċghk putek2

Zrhgupcbdmbe phsdme ̀ ngukemtdlhbe h schgnvmhf pretrdid

@hihtdchzdlhbd ̀ ngukemtdlhben tzv- ”ahcknvh– “ prhscdmbdmbe md hzvnr svbetcnsth te pntnk schgdmbe `hihtdcmhk

antndpdrdtnk- Rdmhkcbhvd ketn`d be h̀ihtdchzdlhbd uz pnknĉ rdċumdcmni knmhtnrd-

Zntreomn be sdgrhth hgnme rd`me pnvrŤhme# pnveĉdth svbetchmu h gnmtrdst zdscnmd te

pntnk ”ahcknve– prhscnmhth md knmhtnr h schgdth `hihtdcmhk antndpdrdtnk- Ketn`d#

hdgn zvuċh prhkhthvmn# be hzrdzhtn uċhmgnvhtd-

n L@ ke`hbh “ L@ ke`hbe be pntreomn ”ruċmn– ntvnrhth putek Yhm`nws Expcnrer+d te

sdv sd`rŽdb ke`hbd ”zdpdghrdth– u _D_ hch RHZ anrkdt-n Zhsdmh mdcdzh “ sgemhrdmbe mdcdzd hch schgdmbe ̀ hihtdcmhk antndpdrdtnk-

Zrhbemns md u`dcbemh pnscuŽhtecb kniuĉ be putek FPPZ prntngncd md megh n` oespcdtmhf

servhsd pnput @rnpOnx+d hch putek APZ prntngncd md pnscuŽhtecb z`rdvstveme ustdmnve-

\chgd ?0- Zrhbemns ke`hlhmsge ̀ ngukemtdlhbe &upcnd`hmi-lnk# ?:4?(



+ ?8 +

9-<- EF_ \U\PDQ “ ECEGP_NMHăGD ODRD ZDLHBEMDPD

Nvhsmn n noubku pdlhbemdtd# pnŽecbmn be evhèmlhbu vn`hth grnz megh n` EK_ &emi- eceltrnmhl

ke`hldc relnr`s( hch EF_ &emi- eceltrnmhl fedctf relnr`s( sustdv- Gdn prhkber gvdchtetmni hvrcn rdŤhremni EF_ sustdvd hsthċe se ”Zrdlthle aushnm– hmtuhthvmd weo odzhrdmd dpchgdlhbd gnbu

gnrhsth pregn 45: thsuĉd gnrhsmhgd &z`rdvstvemhf ustdmnvd# u`ruid# h schċmn( te mu`h ornbme

aumglhbe u svdgn`mevmnk pnscnvdmbu s pdlhbemthkd n` ecegtrnmhċghf gdrtnmd# relepdtd#

pnrugd# mdcdzd# uinvdrdmbd terkhmd pd `n pcdĉdmbd zd z`rdvstvemhf uscuid-

”Zrdlthle aushnm– be rdzvhbem gdn EF_ sustdv mdbcdgŤh md gnrhŤtembe- _dzvhbem be s mdkbernk

uŤteè vrekemd u prnlesu mdvhgdvdmbd md sustdv te uŤteè mnvld- Rd sdkn pet khmutd kniuĉe be reihstrhrdth z`rdvstvemu ustdmnvu te pnċeth gnrhsthth snatver- \ustdv be rdzvhbem u surd`mbh s

`ngtnrhkd# ke`hlhmsghk sestrdkd h ċcdmnvhkd thkd z`rdvstvemhf ustdmnvd gdgn oh se

hkpcekemthrdce sve pntreome kniuĉmnsth h pre`vh`bech svh kniuĉh prnocekh gn` gnrhŤtembd-

Nshiurdmd be pn`rŤgd gnbd pnkdŽe mnvhk gnrhsmhlhkd u prnlesu hkpcekemtdlhbe EF_ sustdvd

te be kniuĉe oez trnŤgnvd prhsustvnvdth tremhmzhkd h nougdkd zd rd`- Nvdb EF_ sustdv

tdgnĔer nkniuĉube hkpcekemtdlhbu pn knùchkd# stnid mhbe pntreomn nsnocbe z`rdvstveme

ustdmnve nptereĉhvdth mepntreomhk knùchkd u sdknk pnċetgu rd`d-

&fttp2..www-prdlthleaushnm-lnk.pdies.edsy^tnûseÊF_-ftkc# ?:4?(

\chgd ?5- Yeo suċecbe EF_ snatverd “ prhgdz gdrtnmd pdlhbemdtd &prdlthleaushnm-lnk# ?:4?(



+ <: +

Aumglhbe ”Zrdlthle aushnm– EF_ sustdvd2

Hz`dvdmbe ecegtrnmhċghf relepdtd

Ecegtrnmhċgh gdrtnmh pdlhbemdtd

@ninvdrdmbe terkhmd preice`d hch zdfvdtd Hz`dvdmbe ecegtrnmhċghf uputmhld

\urd`mbd s cngdcmhk cdonrdtnrhbhkd

Odzd pn`dtdgd svhf pdlhbemdtd

\urd`mbd h rdzkbemd pdlhbemdtd s `ruihk ustdmnvdkd

Znfrdmd ke h̀lhmsge `ngukemtdlhbe u rdzmhk anrkdthkd &pà# bpi# iha# thaa h `ruih-(

Knohcmd upntreod md tdocethkd h pdketmhk teceanmhkd

Mdpcdtd z`rdvstvemhf uscuid \uċecbe zd pdlhbemte

\chgd ?1- @n`dvdmbe mnvni pdlhbemtd u sustdvu ”Zrdlthle aushnm– & slreemsfnt # ?:4?(



+ <4 +

Zre`mnsth gnrhŤtembd ”Zrdlthle aushnm– EF_ sustdvd2

Zntpumn be oespcdtdm “ mekd sgrhvemhf trnŤgnvd n`rŽdvdmbd h pn`rŤge

Yeo odzhrdm “ mekd pntreoe zd hmstdcdlhbnk hch n`rŽdvdmbek snatverd

”Chve hm ahve– “ pntreomn be sdkn 5 khmutd zd reihstrdlhbu h pnċetdg gnrhŤtembd \hiurmnst “ shiurmnst be prhnrhtet te se snatver hzvn`h u vrcn shiurmnk ngruŽembu

Znuz`dm “ snatver be ̀ hzdbmhrdm tdgn `d be `nstupdm u svdgnk tremutgu

&fttp2..www-prdlthleaushnm-lnk.pdies.areeêfr-ftkc# ?:4?(

\chgd ?9- Uspnreòd EF_ sustdvd

&fttp2..www-prdlthleaushnm-lnk.pdies.efr^vem`nrs^lnkpdre-ftkc# ?:4?(

”Zrdlthle aushnm– be sustdv odzhrdm md weo+u# Ťtn zmdċh `d be pntreomd vezd md Hmtermet te se

prnirdku prhstupd putek weo preice`mhgd- Nozhrnk `d be sustdv odzhrdm md weo+u# knŽe ku

se prhstuphth s ohcn gnbei nsnomni rdċumdcd# prhbemnsmni rdċumdcd hch pdketmni teceanmd#menvhsmn gnbh weo preice`mhg se gnrhsth-



+ <? +

9-0- APZ _DăUMH H Z_HBEMN\ ZN@DPDGD

Ugnchgn z`rdvstvemd ustdmnvd hmzhsthrd `d se ke`hlhmsgd `ngukemtdlhbd premnsh md mbhfnve

pnscuŽhtecbe# hèdcmd ketn`d be prhbemns putek prntngncd zd prhbemns `dtntegd+d &emi- ahce

trdmsaer prntnlnc + APZ (- Zrntngnc zd prhbemns `dtntegd unohċdbem be mdzhv zd mdbstdrhbu h vrcn

vdŽmu uscuiu md Hmtermetu gnbd scuŽh zd prhbemns pn`dtdgd hzkeĔu rdċumdcd- Pe se `dtntege

ċuvdbu md n`reĔemhk kreŽmhk rdċumdchkd &pnscuŽhtecbhkd( gnbh su `nstupmh svhk hch sdkn

n`reĔemhk gnrhsmhlhkd- &fttp2..fr-whghpe`hd-nri.whgh.APZ# ?:4?(

Gdgn oh pdlhbemth knich premnshth pn`dtge putek APZ prntngncd# pntreomn be ntvnrhth

gnrhsmhċgh rdċum zd spdbdmbe- ZnŽecbmn be zd svdgnid pdlhbemtd grehrdth be`hmstvemh gnrhsmhċghrdċum gdgn me oh `nŤcn `n gnkprnkhtdlhbe prhvdtmhf pn`dtdgd `ruihf pdlhbemdtd- Gnrhsmhċgh

rdċum be be`mnstdvmn grehrdth putek uprdvcbdċge pcnċe pnscuŽhtecbd-

\chgd ?6- Grehrdmbe APZ rdċumd zd pdlhbemte &sphme+suriery+lrndthd-lnk.lpdmec# ?:4?(

APZ prntngnc h kniuĉmnst trdmsaerd be hmteirhrdmd u mdbrdŤhremhbe nperdthvme sustdve pnput

Yhm`nws VZ+d# Qhstd+e h 9- Rd sdkn megnchgn segum`h kniuĉe be spdbdmbe md u`dcbemh

pnscuŽhtecb prntngncd zd prhbemns `dtntegd te prhbemns `hihtdchzhrdme ke`hlhmsge `ngukemtdlhbe-

Mdpre`mhbh gnrhsmhlh kniu `ngukemtdlhbu premhbeth meghk n` APZ gchbemt prnirdkd pnput

LuteAPZ+d-



+ << +

Gnrdlh zd prhbemns `ngukemtdlhbe Yhm`nws nperdthvmhk sustdvnk2

Zrhprekd ̀ hihtdchzhrdme ke`hlhmsge ̀ ngukemtdlhbe

Ntvdrdmbe Yhm`nws Expcnrer+d# uphshvdmbek APZ d`rese u gnkdmù chmhbu te umnŤembek

gnrhsmhċgni hkemd h cnzhmge

Zrhbemns ̀ dtntegd ketn`nk gnphrdb+zdchbeph &emi- lnpy+pdste( hch `rdi ! `rnp-

\chgd ?8- \pdbdmbe md APZ pnscuŽhtecb Yhm`nws Expcnrer+nk & slreemsfnt # ?:4?(

Gnrdlh zd prhbemns `ngukemtdlhbe APZ gchbemtnk2

Zrhprekd ̀ hihtdchzhrdme ke`hlhmsge ̀ ngukemtdlhbe

Ntvdrdmbe APZ gchbemt prnirdkd &mpr- LuteAPZ( te spdbdmbe md pnscuŽhtecb umnŤembek

gnrhsmhċgni hkemd h cnzhmge

Zrhbemns ̀ dtntegd ketn`nk gnphrdb+zdchbeph &emi- lnpy+pdste( hch `rdi ! `rnp-

\chgd <:- Zrhbemns `dtntegd APZ gchbemtnk & slreemsfnt # ?:4?(



+ <0 +

6- Z_HKBE_ R@_DQ\PQEMNI PU_HRKD U F_QDP\GNB “

GCHMHGD RD ONCE\PH G_DCBEŪMHLE QE_PEO_H\

U _epuochlh Frvdtsgnb pnstnbh megnchgn `norhf prhkberd z`rdvstvemhf ustdmnvd nrbemthrdmhf mdz`rdvstvemh turhzdk h ke`hlhmsge turhste- Be`dm n` thp prhkberd be gchmhgd zd oncesth grdcbeŤmhle

Qerteorhs gnbd be`hmd u nvnke `hbecu Eurnpe pruŽd mdbknèrmhbe h mdbhmnvdthvmhbe khmhkdcmn+

hmvdzhvme ketnè nperhrdmbd grdcbeŤmhle-

Gnkpdrdthvme pre`mnsth u n`mnsu md z`rdvstveme ustdmnve hz reihbe h svhbetd2

Mekd chsth ċegdmbd

Gvdchtetmh h kcd`h `ngtnrh @ruin khŤcbembe h `hbdimnsthgd putek Hmtermetd

Zrdĉembe npnrdvgd pdlhbemtd putek Hmtermetd

@n 5:% pnvncbmhbe mein u `ruihk zekcbdkd-

Orzhmd gnkumhgdlhbe

\chgd <4- Yeo kbestn gchmhge zd oncesth grdcbeŤmhle &sphme+suriery+lrndthd-lnk# ?:4?(

Znscnvdmbe s pdlhbemthkd hz hmnzekstvd be pntpumn `hihtdchzhrdmn n` prvni gnmtdgtd pd sve `n

`ncdsgd u Frvdtsgu- Gnrhste se mdbknèrmhbe tefmhge gnkumhgdlhbe s pdlhbemthkd te Hmtermet

prnknlhbe- @n sd`d su uspbeŤmn trethrdmh pdlhbemth hz lhbece Eurnpsge Umhbe# Gdmdè# \D@+d h

Darhge-



+ <5 +

Mdċhmh e+gnkumhgdlhbe s pdlhbemthkd2

E+kdhc

\gype

Zn`rŤgd uŽhvn md weo kbestu Adleonng

Pwhtter

XnuPuoe

Uscuie su `nstupme u svdgnk tremutgu# h tn md 6 bezhgd “ frvdtsgnk# emicesgnk# mbekdċgnk#

tdchbdmsgnk# Ťve`sgnk# rukumbsgnk# scnvdċgnk te ċeŤgnk h tn putek svhf gdmdcd

gnkumhgdlhbe “ ecegtrnmhċgnk pnŤtnk# teceanmsgh# \gype+nk# pn`rŤgnk uŽhvn- &sphme+

suriery+lrndthd-lnk# ?:4?(

\chgd <?- @nstupmnst pn r̀Ťge md weo kbestu gchmhge Qerteorhs &sphme+suriery+lrndthd-lnk#

?:4?(

6-4- NICDŪDQDMBE

U gchmhlh zd oncesth grdcbeŤmhle Qerteorhs gnrhsth se megnchgn thpnvd nicdŤdvdmbd# h svh su

odzhrdmh md Hmtermetu- Gn` pcdĉemni nicdŤdvdmbd# mdboncbe rezuctdte tb- nkber ucnŽemni h

`nohvemni pnsthimut be Innice nicdŤdvdmbek-



+ <1 +

Nsmnvmh gnrdlh zd prhgdzhvdmbe Innice nicdsd2

4- _eihstrdlhbd md Innice D`Ynr`s servhsu

?- Upcdtd sre`stdvd

<- Grehrdmbe h pnèŤdvdmbe nicdŤhvdċge gdkpdmbe &n`reĔhvdmbe ou`Žetd# kdgshkdcme

lhbeme pn gchgu# zekdcbd h bezhgd i`be ĉe se nicdsh prhgdzhvdth# ureĔdbd md gnbhkd ĉe se

nicdsh prhgdzhvdth# ht`-(

0- Grehrdmbe nicdsd &mdscnvd# prve nphsme chmhbe# `ruie nphsme chmhbe# h weo d r̀ese(

5- @n`dvdmbe gcbuċmhf rhbeċh

Mdgnm mdveèmhf gnrdgd# nicdsh ĉe se pnċeth prhgdzhvdth gnrhsmhlhkd md nsmnvu umdprhbe`

n`reĔemhf nplhbd pnput cngdlhbe hch bezhgd gnrhsmhgd-

\chgd <<- Nplhbe Innice nicdŤhvdċge gdkpdmbe &d`wnr`s-innice-lnk# ?:4?(



+ <9 +

Zrhkberh nicdŤdvdmbd2

4- KeĔumdrn`mhbh `hregtnrhbh z r̀dvstvemhf ustdmnvd “ ċcdmstvn u mdveèmhk `hregtnrhbhkd

gnrhsth se zd pnveĉdmbe pnpucdrmnsth z`rdvstveme ustdmnve te pnveĉdmbe vh`cbhvnsth md

pretrdŽhvdċhkd-

\chgd <0- Zrhkber pnpumbemni prnahcd &wferehsky`nltnr-lnk# ?:4?(

?- Innice nicdŤdvdmbe “ gnrhsth se zd prnknlhbu weo kbestd md Innice+u te Innice

pdrtmersghk weo kbesthkd- Zngdzdn se gdn mdboncbh mdċhm pcdĉemni nicdŤdvdmbd s

mdboncbhk nkbernk ucnŽemn+`nohvemn-

\chgd <5- Zrhkber Innice nicdsd hzmd` rezuctdtd pretrdie &d`wnr`s-innice-lnk# ?:4?(



+ <6 +

<- Khlrnsnat nicdŤdvdmbe “ gnrhsth se zd prnknlhbu weo kbestd md Khlrnsnat h Xdfnn

rezuctdthkd pretrdie# nozhrnk `d su Khlrnsnat h Xdfnn n`me`dvmn pdrtmerh- Nozhrnk

md cnŤe rezuctdte nicdŤdvdmbd Khlrnsnatnk servhsu# gchmhgd be n` mbeid uorzn nùstdcd-

&fttp2..www-reuters-lnk.drthlce.?:44.44.:6.us+khlrnsnat+dnc+ydfnn+

hÙ\P_E9D99FZ?:4444:6# ?:44(

\chgd <1- Zrhkber Khlrnsnat nicdsd &d`lemter-khlrnsnat-lnk# ?:4?(

0- Adleonng nicdŤdvdmbe “ gnrhsth se zd prnknlhbu weo kbestd hch Adleonng adm strdmhlekeĔu gnrhsmhlhkd Adleonng `ruŤtveme kreŽe- \ nozhrnk md hsgustvd gchmhge# dch h

hstrdŽhvdmbd gnbd pngdzubu cnŤe rezuctdte Adleonng nicdŤdvdmbd# n` mdveème ketnè

se nùstdcn- &Ūdrhĉ# sen-fr.ocni.08?.adleonng+nicdsdvdmbe+ods+h+mhbe+beathmn# ?::6-

Leccdm+Bnmes# ool-ln-ug.mews.telfmncniy+4664<?<9# ?:4?(

\chgd <9- Zrhkber Adleonng nicdsd &adleonng-lnk# ?:4?(



+ <8 +

6-?- @_UŪPQEME K_EŻE

Zrdteĉh knèrme trem`nve# pdrtmere# dch h gnmguremlhbu hz lhbecnid svhbetd# u gchmhlh zd oncesth

grdcbeŤmhle spnzmdch su vechge kniuĉmnsth hmterdglhbe s gnrhsmhlhkd h oespcdtme prnknlhbe putek `ruŤtvemhf kreŽd md gnbhkd s re`nvhtn pnvezubu s pntemlhbdcmhk pdrtmerhkd &Ke`hldc

Pnurhsk Lhty h Icnodc Fedctf Ldre Metwnrg( h pdlhbemthkd &Adleonng h Pwhtter(# prnknvhrdbu

svnbe uscuie# nobdvcbubu vhèn smhkge# idcerhbe h pnvezmhle md zdmhkcbhvd weo kbestd-

Zrhkberh prnahcd md `ruŤtvemhk kreŽdkd2

4- Adleonng prnahc “ gnrhsth se zd rdzkbemu pn`dtdgd# gnkumhgdlhbu s pdlhbemthkd h

gchbemthkd te oespcdtmu prnknlhbu- Nobdvcbubu se schge# vhèn smhkge# pnvezmhle te mnvnsthhz gchmhge- @nsei `n vhŤe gnrhsmhgd Adleonng+d kniuĉ be nicdŤdvdmbek Adleonng strdmhle#

`n`dvdmbek whìet +d md weo kbestn gchmhge# `n`dvdmbek chmgd u e+kdhc pntphs#

`n`dvdmbek chmgd md weo kbestn gchmhge# ht`-

\chgd <6- Adleonng prnahc gchmhge &adleonng-lnk# ?:4?(



+ 0: +

?- Pwhtter prnahc “ nozhrnk `d be Pwhtter `ruŤtvemd kreŽd odzhrdmd md grdtghk stdtushkd#

nobdvcbubu se sdŽete nodvhbesth n èŤdvdmbhkd u gchmhlh te chmgnvh md weo kbestd hch

XnuPuoe nobdŤmbembd meghf nperdthvmhf zdfvdtd h `hbdimnzd- U scuċdbu nobdve nodvhbesth

gnbe sd`rŽe ùŽe pnvezmhle# prepnruċcbhvn be gnrhŤtembe megni n` servhsd zd sgrdċhvdmbe

ùŽhme pnvezmhld# mpr- ohtcy-lnk-

\chgd <8- Pwhtter prnahc gchmhge &twhtter-lnk# ?:4?(

<- Ke h̀ldc Pnurhsk Lhty “ @ruŤtvemd kreŽd mdkhbembemd hmterdglhbh hzkeĔu z`rdvstvemhf

`becdtmhgd h pnsre`mhgd u z`rdvstvemnk turhzku- @nodr mdċhm oespcdtme prnknlhbe h

`nseid `n `ruihf z`rdvstvemhf ustdmnvd `hcbek svhbetd s lhcbek rdzkbeme hsgustdvd# zmdmbd

h pdlhbemdtd-

\chgd 0:- Ke`hldc Pnurhsk Lhty prnahc gchmhge &ke`hldctnurhsklhty-lnk# ?:4?(



+ 04 +

0- Icnodc Fedctfldre Metwnrg “ Intnvn hèmthċmd pretfn`mn nphsdmnb `ruŤtvemnb kreŽh#

gnrhsmd u hmterdglhbh hzkeĔu z`rdvstvemhf `becdtmhgd h pnsre`mhgd u z`rdvstvemnk turhzku-

@nodr mdċhm oespcdtme prnknlhbe h `nseid `n `ruihf z`rdvstvemhf ustdmnvd `hcbek svhbetd

s lhcbek rdzkbeme hsgustdvd# zmdmbd h pdlhbemdtd-

\chgd 04- Icnodc Fedctfldre Metwnrg prnahc gchmhge &icnodcfedctfldremetwnrg-lnk# ?:4?(

5- Innice Zcus “ @ruŤtvemd kreŽd s ngn 4:: khchbumd gnrhsmhgd# icdsmn mdbdvcbemd# dch s vrcn

scdohk rezuctdthkd- Nkniuĉube rdzkbemu svhf vrstd pn`dtdgd s gnrhsmhlhkd kreŽe “ vhèn

smhkge# idcerhbe schgd# pnvezmhle h schċmn- Mdbmnvhbe hstrdŽhvdmbe ugdzube `d be Innice Zcus

`ruŤtvemd kreŽd zdprdvn ”ird` ùfnvd–- Zrnsbeċmd nobdvd `nohvd kdmbe n` be`mni /'4/#

egvhvdcemtu /chge/ md Adleonngu# te kdmbe n` be`mni gnkemtdrd- \d`rŽdbh se bdvmn `hbece

keĔu gnrhsmhlhkd u prnsbegu sdkn :#49 putd pn nobdvh-

&hman-rbketrhls-lnk.ocni.oh`.514?<.Mew+Innice+Zcus+@dtd+\fnws+Yedg+User+

Emidiekemt# ?:4?(

\chgd 0?- Innice Zcus prnahc gchmhge &pcus-innice-lnk# ?:4?(



+ 0? +

Zrepnruċcbhvn be zd uprdvcbdmbe prnahchkd md `ruŤtvemhk kreŽdkd gnrhsthth dcdt Fnnt\uhte

gnbh nkniuĉube d`khmhstrdlhbu svhf veĉhf `ruŤtvemhf kreŽd hz be`mni suċecbd-

Fnntsuhte dcdt nkniuĉube be`hmstvemn uprdvcbdmbe2

Zrnahchkd “ Pwhtter# Adleonng# Chmge`Hm# Innice Zcus# Anursqudre# Ky\pdle#

Yn`press# Khxh# Achlgr# XnuPuoe

\tdtdthsthgdkd + Adleonng Hmshifts# Innice Dmdcythls# Pwhtter prnahce stdts# Innice

Zcus dmdcythls

Phknvhkd

Znrugdkd

Knohcmhk dpchgdlhbdkd

\hiurmnsmhk nplhbdkd

&fnntsuhte-lnk.aedtures# ?:4?(

\chgd 0<- Uprdvcbdmbe prnahchkd `ruŤtvemhf kreŽd dcdtnk Fnnt\uhte

&fttp2..www-oush-kum-ld.idr`hmerlemtre.:?prnirdks.45^d`vdmle`^snlhdcke`hd.diireidtn

r^fnntsuhte-ftkc# ?:4?(



+ 0< +

6-<- UZ_DQCBDMBE ZN@DLHKD

Rd uprdvcbdmbe pn`dlhkd h `ngukemthkd te premnŤembe hsthf# gnrhste se u nvnk rdù veĉ

nphsdme ketnè `hihtdchzdlhbe h premnŤembd ke`hlhmsge `ngukemtdlhbe pdlhbemdtd- Rd vnĔembeevhèmlhbe n pdlhbemthkd# hz`dvdmbe h drfhvhrdmbe mdcdzd h `ngukemtdlhbe gnrhste se Khlrnsnat

Naahle dcdth Ynr` h Exlec-

\chgd 00- Drfhvd pdlhbemdtd u Yhm`nws nperdthvmnk sustdvu & slreemsfnt # ?:4?(

Zdlhbemth ke`hlhmsgu `ngukemtdlhbu mdbċeŤĉe premnse putek prntngncd zd prhbemns `dtntegd

&emi- ahce trdmsaer prntnlnc ( gnrhsteĉh gnrhsmhċge pn`dtge gnbe su `nohch n` gchmhge-

\chgd 05- Ntvnremh rdċumh prhbemns `dtntegd &sphme+suriery+lrndthd-lnk.lpdmec# ?:4?(



+ 00 +

Mdgnm Ťtn se premese ke`hlhmsgd `ngukemtdlhbd# nsnocbe bnb prhstupd putek APZ gchbemtd te hf

sprekd md cngdcmn rdċumdcn rd`h preice`d-

\chgd 01- @dtntege premeseme md pnscuŽhtecb n` strdme pdlhbemdtd &Lute APZ slreemsfnt # ?:4?(

Rd uprdvcbdmbe keĔumdrn`mhk pdlhbemthkd gchmhgd zd sd`d se me gnrhsth EF_ sustdv# mn pcdm be

u sgnrhbnb ouùĉmnsth hkpcekemthrdth nphsdmh ”Zrdlthle aushnm– EF_-



+ 05 +

8- RDGCBUăDG

R`rdvstvemh turhzdk pntpnknimut hmanrkdthċgnk pn`rŤgnk h hmteirdlhbnk ecegtrnmhċgni h

knohcmni pnscnvdmbd be vechgh pntemlhbdc zd ornbme z`rdvstveme ustdmnve u gnmthmemtdcmnbFrvdtsgnb te md Bd`rdmu# te pruŽd kniuĉmnst prnùŽembd turhsthċge seznme md lhbecu in`hmu- U

kniuĉmnsth skn pnmu`hth hzvrsmu gchku# gvdchtetme skbeŤtdbme gdpdlhtete# spelhbdchzhrdme

chbeċmhge nouċeme u vnèĉhk svbetsghk lemtrhkd# gvdchtetmu ke`hlhmsgh hmardstrugturu te

zmdtmn pnvncbmhbe lhbeme ke`hlhmsghf tretkdmd n` veĉhme gnmguremtsghf zekdcbd- Nvdb rd` be

gnrhstdm zd sve ustdmnve gnbe hkdbu gdpdlhtete h kniuĉmnsth# dch h `dcbe `vnbe `d ch `hn svnbhf

dgthvmnsth uskberhth md hmnzekmd trŽhŤtd u skhscu prhvcdċembd ke h̀lhmsghf turhstd- Md

mdbbe`mnstdvmhbh mdċhm nobdŤmbemn be gdgn uz Ťtn kdmbd ucdidmbd hmteirhrdth n`reĔeme vh`nveecegtrnmhċgni h knohcmni pnscnvdmbd u z`rdvstveme ustdmnve- @dcbmbh rdzvnb hmanrkdthge# dch h

pnveĉdmbe pnvberembd pntemlhbdcmhf pdlhbemdtd u kniuĉmnsth _epuochge Frvdtsge zmdtmn ĉe

`nprhmhbeth pnveĉdmbu prhfn`d n` z`rdvstvemni turhzkd zd lhbech z`rdvstvemn+turhsthċgh segtnr-



+ 01 +

4:- CHPE_DPU_D

W4[ Gumst H-# Pnkcbemnvhĉ _-7 Ucnid z`rdvstvemni turhzkd u bdċdmbu gnmguremtmnsth rurdcmhf

pn`ruċbd _F# Rdireo# ?:44W?[ hmtermdthnmdcchvhmi-lnk# ?:4:

W<[ pdthemtsoeynmònrèrs-lnk# ?:4:

W0[ l`dlknfdch-hm.Z^Ke`hldcPnurhsk-dspx# ?:4?

W5[ em-whghpe`hd-nri.whgh.\edrlfêmihme^npthkhzdthnm# ?:4?

W1[ khgeordmsgh-lnk.ocni.gey+pnhmts+tn+oetter+sen# ?:44

W9[ senlnmsuctdmts-lnk-si# ?:4?

W6[ htfekes-lnk.?:4?.:0.?1.cnlg`nwm+wnr`press+selurhty+thps+arnk+tfe+prns+weohmdr+repcdy# ?:4?

W8[ snlhdcke`hdexdkhmer-lnk.?:+wdys+tn+prnknte+ynur+adleonng+adm+pdie.# ?:44

W4:[ adleonng-lnk# ?:4?

W44[ weoshtelfdt-met# ?:4?

W4?[ DccKe`hldcPnurhsk-lnk# ?:44

W4<[ em-whghpe`hd-nri.whgh.Hmtermet^kdrgethmi# ?:4?

W40[ knmhtnr-fr.kdrgethmi# ?:4:

W45[ sen-fr# ?::6

W41[ npthkus:4-ln-zd.d`wnr`s+stdts+dm`+adlts-ftkc# ?:4?

W49[ \chè\fdre-lnk# ?:4?

W46[ Xnutuoe-lnk# ?:4?

W48[ twhtter-lnk# ?:4?

W?:[ weodpprdter-lnk.drthlces.?:+twhtter+prnknthnm+hèds+anr+ynur+oushmess-ftkc# ?:44

W?4[ icnodcpdthemtservhles-lnk# ?:4?

W??[ prdlthleaushnm-lnk.pdies.edsy^tnûseÊF_-ftkc# ?:4?

W?<[ prdlthleaushnm-lnk.pdies.areeêfr-ftkc# ?:4?

W?0[ fr-whghpe`hd-nri.whgh.APZ# ?:4?

W?5[ sphme+suriery+lrndthd-lnk# ?:4?

W?1[ d`wnr`s-innice-lnk# ?:4?

W?9[ wferehsky`nltnr-lnk# ?:4?

W?6[ d`lemter-khlrnsnat-lnk# ?:4?

W?8[ ke`hldctnurhsklhty-lnk# ?:4?



W<:[ icnodcfedctfldremetwnrg-lnk# ?:4?

W<4[ hman-rbketrhls-lnk.ocni.oh`.514?<.Mew+Innice+Zcus+@dtd+\fnws+Yedg+User

emidiekemt# ?:4?

W<?[ pcus-innice-lnk# ?:4?

W<<[ fnntsuhte-lnk.aedtures# ?:4?

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