TRENY KOCHANOWSKIEGO

Renaissance in Poland16th 16th 16th 16th centurycenturycenturycentury was was was was calledcalledcalledcalled „„„„thethethetheGoldenGoldenGoldenGoldenCenturyCenturyCenturyCentury””””....

The Jagiellon Era- the union ofPoland andLithuania under the

Jagiellon Dynasty.

Poland was the biggest country inEurope at that time with the land of990.000km2 and 11 million people.

Poland was the strongcountry in the 16th

century with the gentrydemocracy, whereas therewas absolutism in otherEuropean countries.

Time of theReformationmovement in thechurch which led to Calvinism, Lutheranism

and Anglicanism.

Poland was very tolerantwith many people offoreign origin. That iswhy, there was a high number of foreigners.

NicolausNicolausNicolausNicolausCopernicusCopernicusCopernicusCopernicus

The most famousastronomer from Toruń

lived 1473-1543.

He formulatedheliocentric theory of the

solar system.

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Jan Kochanowski 1530Jan Kochanowski 1530Jan Kochanowski 1530Jan Kochanowski 1530----1584158415841584

TheTheTheThe famousfamousfamousfamousPolishPolishPolishPolishpoetpoetpoetpoet....

Kochanowski Kochanowski Kochanowski Kochanowski

graduatedgraduatedgraduatedgraduated fromfromfromfrom

AcademyAcademyAcademyAcademy ofofofof CracovCracovCracovCracov. . . .

He He He He gotgotgotgot

a a a a degreedegreedegreedegree inininin artartartart as as as as

wellwellwellwell as Greek as Greek as Greek as Greek andandandand

LatinLatinLatinLatin....

He He He He developeddevelopeddevelopeddeveloped inininin

philologyphilologyphilologyphilology andandandand

humanistichumanistichumanistichumanistic fieldfieldfieldfield.

He was He was He was He was consideringconsideringconsideringconsidering becomingbecomingbecomingbecoming a a a a priestpriestpriestpriest....

He He He He travelledtravelledtravelledtravelled a lot a lot a lot a lot andandandand lovedlovedlovedloved chesschesschesschess....

In 1574 Kochanowski In 1574 Kochanowski In 1574 Kochanowski In 1574 Kochanowski settledsettledsettledsettled down down down down ininininCzarnolas Czarnolas Czarnolas Czarnolas wherewherewherewhere hehehehe marriedmarriedmarriedmarried Dorota Dorota Dorota Dorota

PodlodowskaPodlodowskaPodlodowskaPodlodowska. . . . TheyTheyTheyThey werewerewerewere

happilyhappilyhappilyhappily marriedmarriedmarriedmarried andandandand hadhadhadhad

6 6 6 6 daughtersdaughtersdaughtersdaughters andandandand 1 son.1 son.1 son.1 son.

DueDueDueDue to his to his to his to his badbadbadbad healthhealthhealthhealth Kochanowski was Kochanowski was Kochanowski was Kochanowski was writingwritingwritingwriting

less less less less andandandand less. He less. He less. He less. He diddiddiddid not not not not taketaketaketake pleasurepleasurepleasurepleasure inininin

literatureliteratureliteratureliterature anyanyanyany moremoremoremore....

TheTheTheThe mainmainmainmain reasonsreasonsreasonsreasons ofofofof

thisthisthisthis situationsituationsituationsituation werewerewerewere

deathsdeathsdeathsdeaths ofofofof his his his his twotwotwotwo

daughtersdaughtersdaughtersdaughters....

His His His His masterpiecesmasterpiecesmasterpiecesmasterpieces includeincludeincludeinclude Treny (Treny (Treny (Treny (ThrenodinesThrenodinesThrenodinesThrenodines; ; ; ;

LamentsLamentsLamentsLaments))))---- a a a a seriesseriesseriesseries ofofofof 19 19 19 19 elegieselegieselegieselegies uponuponuponupon thethethethe

deathdeathdeathdeath his his his his belovedbelovedbelovedbeloved twotwotwotwo----andandandand----aaaa----halfhalfhalfhalf yearyearyearyear oldoldoldold

daughterdaughterdaughterdaughter Urszula;Urszula;Urszula;Urszula;

Odprawa PosOdprawa PosOdprawa PosOdprawa Posłłłłóóóów Greckich (w Greckich (w Greckich (w Greckich (thethethethe DismissalDismissalDismissalDismissal ofofofof

thethethethe GrecianGrecianGrecianGrecian EnvoysEnvoysEnvoysEnvoys))))---- a blank a blank a blank a blank wersewersewersewerse tragedytragedytragedytragedy

basedbasedbasedbased on on on on thethethethe incidentincidentincidentincident thatthatthatthat ledledledled to to to to thethethethe Trojan Trojan Trojan Trojan

war.war.war.war.

FurthermoreFurthermoreFurthermoreFurthermore, Kochanowski , Kochanowski , Kochanowski , Kochanowski wrotewrotewrotewrote Fraszki Fraszki Fraszki Fraszki

((((EpigramsEpigramsEpigramsEpigrams 1584), Pie1584), Pie1584), Pie1584), Pieśśśśni (ni (ni (ni (SongsSongsSongsSongs 1586), 1586), 1586), 1586), longlonglonglong

politicalpoliticalpoliticalpolitical poempoempoempoem Satyr (Satyr (Satyr (Satyr (TheTheTheThe Satyr 1564), Satyr 1564), Satyr 1564), Satyr 1564),

Zgoda (Zgoda (Zgoda (Zgoda (ConcordConcordConcordConcord 1564) as 1564) as 1564) as 1564) as wellwellwellwell as as as as

translationtranslationtranslationtranslation ofofofof thethethethe PsalmsPsalmsPsalmsPsalms....

Kochanowski Kochanowski Kochanowski Kochanowski dieddieddieddied ofofofof heartheartheartheart attackattackattackattack inininin

1584 on his 1584 on his 1584 on his 1584 on his waywaywayway fromfromfromfrom CracovCracovCracovCracov to to to to

Lublin Lublin Lublin Lublin inininin thethethethe southsouthsouthsouth ofofofof PolandPolandPolandPoland....

TheTheTheThe LamentsLamentsLamentsLaments arearearearea a a a seriesseriesseriesseries ofofofof 19 19 19 19 elegieselegieselegieselegies

writtenwrittenwrittenwritteninininin PolishPolishPolishPolish andandandandpublishedpublishedpublishedpublished inininin 1580. 1580. 1580. 1580. TheyTheyTheyThey areareareare a a a a highlighthighlighthighlighthighlight

ofofofof PolishPolishPolishPolishRenaissanceRenaissanceRenaissanceRenaissanceliteratureliteratureliteratureliterature....

Kochanowski Kochanowski Kochanowski Kochanowski losesloseslosesloses his his his his daughterdaughterdaughterdaughter andandandand writeswriteswriteswrites cyclecyclecyclecycleofofofof threnodiesthrenodiesthrenodiesthrenodies honouringhonouringhonouringhonouringthethethethe deathdeathdeathdeathofofofof Urszulka, Urszulka, Urszulka, Urszulka, whowhowhowho was was was was onlyonlyonlyonly twotwotwotwo andandandanda a a a halfhalfhalfhalf yearsyearsyearsyears oldoldoldold....

The poet feels defeated in his hopes.He protests against the mortality of the

individual. He quarrels with God, with fate

and death. He sees the world as an unfair place, full of evil,

anger and without love.

TheTheTheThe poempoempoempoem expressesexpressesexpressesexpresses Kochanowski'sKochanowski'sKochanowski'sKochanowski'sboundlessboundlessboundlessboundless griefgriefgriefgrief inininin contrastcontrastcontrastcontrast to his to his to his to his previouspreviouspreviousprevious worksworksworksworks whichwhichwhichwhich advocatedadvocatedadvocatedadvocatedstoicismstoicismstoicismstoicism andandandand emotionalemotionalemotionalemotional balancebalancebalancebalance. . . .

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rererere----evaluateevaluateevaluateevaluate his his his his formerformerformerformer humanistichumanistichumanistichumanisticphilosophyphilosophyphilosophyphilosophy ofofofof lifelifelifelife andandandand faithfaithfaithfaith inininin

GodGodGodGod....

Many Polish people know 8th Threnody by heart and the work is required for allschool-children. It is unclear why theThrenodies have had to wait so long for a German version. The Baroque period sawthe translation of lyrics from Latin, French, then Italian, Spanish and English.

YouYouYouYou flightflightflightflight, my , my , my , my dearestdearestdearestdearest, , , , causedcausedcausedcausedThisThisThisThis vastvastvastvast emptinessemptinessemptinessemptiness inininin my my my my househousehousehouse....We We We We areareareare a a a a crowdcrowdcrowdcrowd yetyetyetyet no no no no one'sone'sone'sone's herehereherehere::::One One One One tinytinytinytiny soul soul soul soul andandandand sosososo much much much much isisisis gonegonegonegone....YouYouYouYou spokespokespokespoke andandandand sangsangsangsang for for for for allallallall alonealonealonealone,,,,

SkippedSkippedSkippedSkipped aroundaroundaroundaround inininin everyeveryeveryevery cornercornercornercorner ofofofof thethethethehousehousehousehouse....

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barebarebarebare,,,,There'sThere'sThere'sThere's no no no no laughterlaughterlaughterlaughter, song , song , song , song orororor joyjoyjoyjoy....

FromFromFromFrom everyeveryeveryevery cornercornercornercorner staresstaresstaresstares remorselessremorselessremorselessremorselessgriefgriefgriefgrief

As As As As gnawinggnawinggnawinggnawing heartacheheartacheheartacheheartache vainlyvainlyvainlyvainly seeksseeksseeksseeksrelief.relief.relief.relief.

ZespZespZespZespóóóółłłł SzkSzkSzkSzkóóóółłłł im. Jana III Sobieskiego, im. Jana III Sobieskiego, im. Jana III Sobieskiego, im. Jana III Sobieskiego, GorzGorzGorzGorzóóóów w w w WlkpWlkpWlkpWlkp....

in Polandin Polandin Polandin Poland....

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