Exercise Physiology Exercise Physiology

Huang Wen Ying

黄文英

Institute of Physiology

Physical education school of JXNU

Email: wenying@jxnu.edu.cn

ExordiumExordium Section 1 The fundamental characteristics of lifeSection 1 The fundamental characteristics of life

Section2 Physiological function regulation of human body

Section3 The control of physiological function regulation of human body

Section4 Basic research method

Section5 history and present research situation

Section6 development trend

PhysiologyPhysiology：： A branch of life science that study the rule A branch of life science that study the rule

of human activity and an important basic method of medof human activity and an important basic method of med

icineicine

Exercise Physiology:A branch of physiology that forcus Exercise Physiology:A branch of physiology that forcus

on exercise capacity and its reaction and adaptation. on exercise capacity and its reaction and adaptation.

Task:Review:Regulation and mechanism of theSports iTask:Review:Regulation and mechanism of theSports i

mpaction on the human body functionsmpaction on the human body functions

elucidation the physiological principle in Sports training, elucidation the physiological principle in Sports training,

physical education . Guidance improve the quality of huphysical education . Guidance improve the quality of hu

men life. men life. 。。

Section I The basic Section I The basic features of lifefeatures of life

1, metabolism1, metabolism

2, excitability

3, stress

4, adaptability

5, reproduction

First, metabolismFirst, metabolism conceptionconception ： ：

The process that body exThe process that body exchange material with the outside world and energchange material with the outside world and energy conversion continuously.y conversion continuously.

Assimilation process: Assimilation process: the process that the organism uptake of useful mathe process that the organism uptake of useful material from the environment , complete its synthesiterial from the environment , complete its synthesis, and transform material into their own body s, and transform material into their own body

Alienation process:Alienation process: the process that organisms decomposed the bodthe process that organisms decomposed the bod

y's own substances, and discharged the decompoy's own substances, and discharged the decomposition production out of the body continuously, ansition production out of the body continuously, and release energy that supply to the requires of the d release energy that supply to the requires of the bodybody..

Second, ExcitabilitySecond, Excitability

Excitability :Excitability : The The featuresfeatures that that excitement organizations In the excitement organizations In the

body can feel stimulation and create Excitement body can feel stimulation and create Excitement EExcitingxciting Organizations : Organizations : nerve, muscle and certain glandsnerve, muscle and certain glands Excitement: Excitement: these organizations will be excited by the these organizations will be excited by the

stimulation of electricity in physiology.stimulation of electricity in physiology.

Physical activity performance:Physical activity performance: excitement and inhibitionexcitement and inhibition

Third, stress Third, stress

Stress:Stress:

the ability or character that organization of the bodthe ability or character that organization of the bod

y response to the change of surrounding environmey response to the change of surrounding environme

nt. nt.

The forms of Organization stress :The forms of Organization stress :

Biological activity, changes in cell metabolism Biological activity, changes in cell metabolism

4, adaptability4, adaptability Adaptability: Adaptability:

the ability for organisms to adapt to a particular the ability for organisms to adapt to a particular

environment. environment.

For example, the residents who live in the plateau region for a For example, the residents who live in the plateau region for a

long time, the number of long time, the number of erythrocyteserythrocytes in the blood is in the blood is

far more than the residents in the plain area. far more than the residents in the plain area.

The strength and size of muscle can increase after long-term The strength and size of muscle can increase after long-term

muscle strength training in Athletes; It can improved muscle muscle strength training in Athletes; It can improved muscle

endurance, heart ,lung function and so on after a long-term endurance, heart ,lung function and so on after a long-term

endurance training, these are the results of human body adapt endurance training, these are the results of human body adapt

to environmental changes.to environmental changes.

ReproductionReproduction Biological life is limited and must be carried Biological life is limited and must be carried

out through the reproductive process to out through the reproductive process to

continue the life. continue the life.

Reproduction is the basic life activities. Reproduction is the basic life activities.

However, in recent years due to the However, in recent years due to the

development of biotechnology, life can be development of biotechnology, life can be

copied through the cloning technology, the copied through the cloning technology, the

traditional reproductive theory and concepts traditional reproductive theory and concepts

are being challengedare being challenged

Section II of the regulation of Section II of the regulation of human physiologyhuman physiology

neuroregulationneuroregulation

humoralegulation

autoregulation

biological rhythm

First, nerve-conditioning First, nerve-conditioning

Neural adjustment: regulating the activities from the nervous system of phNeural adjustment: regulating the activities from the nervous system of ph

ysiological function of ways. ysiological function of ways.

    

    Regulation characteristics: rapid, short, precise Regulation characteristics: rapid, short, precise

    

    Adjust the basic method: Reflection Adjust the basic method: Reflection

      

Structural adjustment based on: reflex arc Structural adjustment based on: reflex arc

       

Reflex arc components:Reflex arc components:

efferent fibrescentral nerve

afferent fibers effectorreceptor

Second, humoral regulation

humoral regulation : The regulation methods of the body-conditioning physiological functions throgh some special chemical substances throgh blood transport

Regulation characteristics: slow, broad, lasting

Regulation:Hormone        remote secretion: → endocrine glands →hormone① → blood transport → physiological effects.        ② para secretion : localized humoral regulation without a blood hormone transportion.          neurosecretion③ : nerve cell secretion of hormones released into the blood of the body.

33, autoregulation, autoregulation   

autoregulationautoregulation :: self-adaptive process of organizations andself-adaptive process of organizations andcells don’t response to the stimulate which do not rely oncells don’t response to the stimulate which do not rely onexternal regulation of body fluids or circumstances, external regulation of body fluids or circumstances,

Regulation characteristics: smalle scope ,not very sensitiveRegulation characteristics: smalle scope ,not very sensitive

4, biological rhythms 4, biological rhythms      Organisms in the process of life-sustaining activities, in addition      Organisms in the process of life-sustaining activities, in addition to the need for nerve regulation, regulation and self-regulating body to the need for nerve regulation, regulation and self-regulating body fluids, the activities of various physiological functions will be a certafluids, the activities of various physiological functions will be a certain amount of time in order of cyclical changes in physiological functiin amount of time in order of cyclical changes in physiological function activities such cyclical changes, known as Of the time structure, on activities such cyclical changes, known as Of the time structure, or the biological rhythm. According to their biological rhythm of the or the biological rhythm. According to their biological rhythm of the frequency divided into approximate level of circadian rhythm, the rhfrequency divided into approximate level of circadian rhythm, the rhythm-and ultra-day rhythm of three categories.ythm-and ultra-day rhythm of three categories.

Section III the control regulatiSection III the control regulation of human physiological fuon of human physiological fu

nctionnction

1, non-automatic control system1, non-automatic control system

2, feedback control system

3. Feedforward control system

First, non-automatic control system First, non-automatic control system        In the control system, control pa       In the control system, control part not impact by feedback activities. rt not impact by feedback activities.

                          

Control: unidirectivityControl: unidirectivity

Second, feedback control system Second, feedback control system      In the control system, control part impact by      In the control system, control part impact by feedback activities. feedback activities.      Control:       Control:  two directivitytwo directivity (sub: positive feedbac (sub: positive feedback, negative feedback) k, negative feedback)        Feedback control system is divided into, co       Feedback control system is divided into, control and controlled part, three main linksntrol and controlled part, three main links

3. Feedforward control system 3. Feedforward control system     In the training control system, it will interfered by the i    In the training control system, it will interfered by the information in the controlled part, at the same time, it alsnformation in the controlled part, at the same time, it also controled directly through by such interfere informatio controled directly through by such interfere information with the direct control on with the direct control

Features: Features: dual-pathdual-path

Section IV The basic research methods of exercise physiology Section IV The basic research methods of exercise physiology

First, the level of research First, the level of research in vivoin vivo     

Methods: Methods: The research on the human body in certain environmental conditThe research on the human body in certain environmental condit

ions during exercise in vivoions during exercise in vivo , the relationship between the sys, the relationship between the system and, the system of campaign process of adaptation. tem and, the system of campaign process of adaptation.    Organ,system level study    Organ,system level study   

    Methods: isolated tissueMethods: isolated tissue , organs experiment method, organs experiment method    

Cells, the molecular level research Cells, the molecular level research     

Method: isolated cells, molecular experimentMethod: isolated cells, molecular experiment

Second, research methods Second, research methods (A) animal test (A) animal test    Animal experiments generally conclude, chronic    Animal experiments generally conclude, chronic and acute experiment, two types of experiments. and acute experiment, two types of experiments. (B) human experiment (B) human experiment

  The experimental method commonly used in The experimental method commonly used in

human testing is a human testing is a field tests field tests and laboratory and laboratory tests in the study of exercise physiologytests in the study of exercise physiology

Section V Research StatusSection V Research Status

Second,current thesearch focus Second,current thesearch focus (1) VO2max (1) VO2max (2) the Recognition of oxygen debt theory (2) the Recognition of oxygen debt theory (3) Lactic acid threshold of the individual (3) Lactic acid threshold of the individual (4) Fatigue (4) Fatigue (5) free radicals(5) free radicals

(6)muscle contraction and protein metabo(6)muscle contraction and protein metabolismlism

(7) The research of muscle fiber types (7) The research of muscle fiber types (8) The impact of exercise on heart function(8) The impact of exercise on heart function

(9) Exercise and weight control (9) Exercise and weight control (10) Movement and the Immune Function(10) Movement and the Immune Function

1, More micro-level study1, More micro-level study

2, More macro-level study 2, More macro-level study

3, innovative research methods 3, innovative research methods

4,The attention of applied research 4,The attention of applied research

5, Field expanding5, Field expanding

Section VI The development trend of exercise physiologySection VI The development trend of exercise physiology

[Think] [Think] 1.What is task of Exercise physiology research? 1.What is task of Exercise physiology research? 2.What is the basic characteristic of Life? 2.What is the basic characteristic of Life? 3.How to regulate the Human physiology ? 3.How to regulate the Human physiology ? 4.How to control the regulation of the body's 4.How to control the regulation of the body's physiological function? physiological function? 5.How many methods does Exercise physiology 5.How many methods does Exercise physiology research have? research have? 6.Which are the major Current research hot spots 6.Which are the major Current research hot spots in exercise physiology?in exercise physiology?