Free electron laser activities at Shanghai...Free electron laser activities at Shanghai Haixiao Deng (鄧海嘯), On behalf of FEL team Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SINAP)

Free electron laser activities at Shanghai

Haixiao Deng (鄧海嘯), On behalf of FEL team Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SINAP)

KEK, Japan 2014.03.06

About SINAP

Past, Present and Plan of SDUV-FEL

future FEL facilities at Shanghai

1. About SINAP

Introduction of SINAP

1. About SINAP

Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SINAP)

National institute affiliated Chinese Academy of Science

About 1200 staff and 350 graduated students

Two campus: SINAP (old) and SSRF (new)


2014/3/6

Advanced Photon

Science Center

based on SSRF

Research Center

based on Nuclear

Energy & Nuclear

Technology

Jiading

Zhangjiang

1. About SINAP


Type Beam energy Status

SSRF User facility 3.5GeV In operation

THz User facility 20~30MeV In operation

SPTF User facility 70~250MeV Under construction

SDUV-FEL Test facility 130~183MeV In operation

SXFEL Test/User facility 0.84~1.3GeV Under construction

HXFEL User facility 6GeV Proposal

1. About SINAP

Accelerators in SINAP

LCLS@SLAC

First lasing 2009

European XFEL Facility

SACLA@Spring-8

First lasing 2011

PAL X-ray FEL Facility

Worldwide hard X-ray FEL facilities (SASE)

2. Free electron lasers

LCLS@SLAC

Self-seeding

Seeded FEL facilities

sFLASH@DESY

HHG direct-seeding

FERMI@elettra

HGHG

Cascaded HGHG

SCSS@spring-8

HHG direct-seeding

SPARC@LNF

HHG seeding

NLCTA@SLAC

EEHG

SDUV@sinap

HGHG

EEHG

Cascaded HGHG

DELTA@TU

CHG


Soft X-ray FEL

SDUV-FEL Test Facility

Hard X-ray FEL

2011 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2014 2010

Roadmap of Shanghai FELs

EEHG HGHG Crossed Undulator

Desi. Operation

R&Ds Operation

100

10

0.1

nm

Cons. Comm. Beamline

Construction Comm.


Why FEL R&D?

Seeded FELs with Full Coherence are the next Frontier

Narrower bandwidth, stable pulse form

FEL efficiency is greatly enhanced with a tapered undulator

Smaller, cheaper

Harmonic lasing scheme

Advanced cathodes and guns

Emittance exchange/conditioning

C/X band structure, LPA based TTFEL, Seeding……

Ultrafast techniques and instrumentations to fully utilize XFELs

Average brightness enhancement

Special source and polarization are highly designable

……


HGHG & cascaded HGHG

Phys. Rev. ST-AB

16, 020704 (2013)

Crossed-undulator demonstration

Phys. Rev. ST-AB

17, 020704 (2014)

First lasing of EEHG-FEL

Nature Photonics

6, 360 (2012)

FEL Physics & Novel ideas

Phys. Rev. Lett.

111, 084801 (2013)

SDUV-FEL

DCLS、SXFEL、XFEL


SDUV-FEL Program

Shanghai Deep-UltraViolet Free-Electron Laser (SDUV-FEL)

started as an 262 nm SASE / 88 nm HGHG FEL test setup

around 2000.

Funding partially supported by

Chinese Academy of Sciences / CAS

Ministry of Science and Technology of China / MOST

National Natural Science Foundation of China / NSFC

Collaborating between USTC, IHEP, THUB and SINAP

Be a test bed for the key technologies for XFELs

3. About SDUV-FEL

SDUV-FEL Experiment Hall

SDUV-FEL

3. About SDUV-FEL

100~150MeV

4~5mm.mrad

200pC……

LINAC commissioning of SDUV-FEL

3. About SDUV-FEL

• Laser pulse: 8ps (FWHM)

• Electron beam: ~10ps

• Timing jitter is NOT an issue

• Injection with small angle is OK.

Beam and laser overlap at SDUV-FEL

3. About SDUV-FEL

History of SDUV-FEL experiments

2009.04-08: Linac commissioning after energy upgrade

2009.09-12: SASE lasing

2010.01-03: Seeded FEL Installations

2010.05.17: HGHG signal

2010.05.22: Echo signal (`double-peak’)

2010.12: HGHG saturation

2011.04: EEHG-FEL lasing

2011.07-08: Cascaded HGHG experiments begin

2011.12: HGHG tunability

2012.04: Cascaded HGHG signal

2013.05-06: Installation for high harmonics EEHG and polarization control

2013.08: EEHG@10th harmonic

2013.11: Crossed–planar undulator polarization control

3. About SDUV-FEL

3. About SDUV-FEL

First stage of SDUV

4. Past results of SDUV-FEL

HGHG

EEHG

Crossed-undulator

HGHG experiments @SDUV-FEL


HGHG radiation at 347nm Gain curve

Experimental S2E simulation

HGHG saturation@3rd harmonic of the seed (2010.12)


Tunable HGHG (2012.01)

Variable undulator gap

Longitudinal coherence measurement


B. Liu, W. B. Li, Z. T. Zhao*, et al. Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 16, 020704 (2013).

First demonstration of cascaded HGHG (2012.04)


B. Liu, W. B. Li, Z. T. Zhao*, et al. Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 16, 020704 (2013).

EEHG experiments @SDUV-FEL


Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation


G. Stupakov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 074801 (2009).

FEL profile

Gain curves

Spectrum Experiments

Simulation

First EEHG lasing (2011.04)


Z. T. Zhao et al, Nature Photonics 6, 360 (2012).

Upgrade SDUV-FEL for Echo-10

Beam: 165-175MeV, ~200 pC, 3~8ps

Seed laser 1: 523 nm, 8.7 ps (FWHM), 60 J

Seed laser 2: 2500 nm, ~100 fs (FWHM), 40 J

Radiator: 40mm*80 periods, with variable gap.

Output wavelength: 800 nm-200nm.

The echo signal occurs at the wave number:

kEEHG=nk1+mk2

n and m are integers.


ADC40 (new radiator)

40mm*80 periods, with variable gap


Ti: Sapphire laser system for the 2nd seed laser of EEHG

Coherent, Legend

Wavelength:750~860nm

Repetition: 1kHz

Power: 3.5W

Pulse Width: 35fs,130fs,1ps

OPA: 1160nm~2600nm,

70mW~80mW


Echo-10@SDUV-FEL (2013.08)

The central wavelength of HGHG and EEHG will be different because wavelengths

of two seed lasers are different:

1 2

1523 , 2500 , 15 10.2s snm nm a

K

HGHG

EEHG

10th

10th (EEHG) Z.T. Zhao, FEL2013


Polarization control via crossed-planar undulators

@SDUV-FEL


Y. Ding, Z. Huang, K. J. Kim, Y. H. Li, B. Faatz, W. Decking, H. Geng et al

T. Zhang, H. X. Deng et al

Crossed-planar undulators


T. Zhang, H. X. Deng* et al. Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 680 (2012) 112-116


Polarization Switching at SDUV-FEL

Crossed undulator line at SDUV-FEL

2013.10.20

分振幅single-shot偏振测量仪


Polarization Switching Demonstration


H. X. Deng, T. Zhang, L. Feng et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 17, 020704 (2014).

Future plans：2014-2015

Chirped Pulse Amplifier (CPA) of FEL

Corrugated structure enhancement for FEL

PEHG-15

EEHG-20

Longitudinal Space Charge Amplifier (LSCA)

Double-bunch cascaded HGHG

FEL with Orbital Angular Momentum

etc.

5. Plan of SDUV-FEL

Chirped Pulse Amplification in HGHG

5. Plan of SDUV-FEL

CPA technique

There are technical challenges to extend the wavelength to below 200

nm in standard CPA lasers, because of the strong absorption of the

materials used in conventional laser amplifiers.

Schematic diagram of a CPA laser FROG images

5. Plan of SDUV-FEL

CPA in seeded FELs

CPA seed laser

chirped electron beam

FEL pulse compression

Proof-of -principle experiment

didn’t finish at BNL

SDUV is a suitable platform for

this experiment

CPA-HGHG (proposed by L.H. Yu, 1994)

resonance condition

2( ) 1 / 2 ,2 ( )

r

s

ns K

s

,

2 2

sFEL

w wcb cb n

FEL pulse length

5. Plan of SDUV-FEL

Major Parameters for CPA-HGHG experiment

Energy spread measurement

Parameters Measurement

Beam energy 160MeV

Beam energy spread

(projected)

0.1~0.2%

Normalized emittance 4~5mm-mrad

Bunch charge 100~200pC

Seed laser wavelength 1600 nm (Ti:Sa)

Seed laser pulse length

(FWHM)

83fs (Ti:Sa)

Modulator (PMU50 with

variable gap)

10*5cm

R56 of dispersion section 1~10mm (4.2A)

Radiator (ADC40) 2*40*40 cm Normalized emittance measurement

5. Plan of SDUV-FEL

S2E simulations for CPA-HGHG

Before stretch After stretch Electron beam After HGHG After compression

5. Plan of SDUV-FEL

1600nm

800nm


5. Plan of SDUV-FEL

Wakefield of Corrugated pipes

Potential applications

Dechirper for FEL LINAC

Linearizer for FEL LINAC

Stabilizer for FEL LINAC

THz emitter

43


It demonstrates the feasibility to

employ a dechirper for precise

control of the beam phase space

in next generation FELs.

------ Paul Emma

K. L. F. Bane and G. Stupakov, SLAC-PUB-14925, 2012

S. Antipov, C. Jing, M. Fedurin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 144801 (2012)

P. Emma, M. Venturini, K. L. F. Bane, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 034801 (2014)

5. Plan of SDUV-FEL

SDUV-FEL proposal

UN

PR

F0

UN

PR

F1

PM

U50

B3 B3

Seed

-2 Slit-2

B15~B18

UD

R1

CP

MU

50

PS

UN

PR

F3 Dechirper

So far, only dechirper experiment was carried out at BNL and

PAL, & they are just beam experiments.

In SDUV proposal, we will fight for the first beam linearizer

and the first beam dechirper, in a real FEL facility.

SDUV-method: observing the spectrum of a seeded FEL.

5. Plan of SDUV-FEL

Corrugated plane as beam linearizer

D Modulator Radiator

1047nm, 8ps

seed

laser

uncompressed

beam

Linearizer

523.5nm, 8ps

Before modulator After linearizer After modulator

5. Plan of SDUV-FEL

FEL spectrum with corrugated linearizer

Seed laser: 1MW

simulation

Seed laser: 10MW

simulation

5. Plan of SDUV-FEL

Corrugated structure vacuum chamber

5. Plan of SDUV-FEL

e-beam e-beam

e-beam

Phase-merging Enhanced Harmonic Generation

(PEHG) FEL

5. Plan of SDUV-FEL

Phase-merging Enhanced Harmonic Generation

H. X. Deng*, and C. Feng, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 (2013) 084801.

C. Feng, H. X. Deng* et al., New Journal of Physics, (2014) revised.

Coherence

HGHG PEHG

5. Plan of SDUV-FEL

PEHG-15 proposal at SDUV-FEL

Parameter Value

beam energy 200MeV

Slice energy spread 20keV

Slice emittance 2 mm-mrad

Peak current 100A

Seed pulse length 100 fs (FWHM)

Dispersion 2 m

Transverse gradient 24 m-1

Radiation wavelength 167 nm

5. Plan of SDUV-FEL

Experiment proposal at SDUV-FEL (PEHG-15)

TGU & field dependence

Chamfer 45°

5. Plan of SDUV-FEL

Waiting magnetic field measurement

IR FEL

THz FEL

DCLS

SDUV-FEL

SXFEL

Free Electron Lasers in China

IR FEL

Dalian Coherent Light Source (DCLS)

6. Future FELs at SINAP

Funded by NSFC, December, 2011

Carried out jointly by Dalian Inst. of Chemical Physics(DICP)

(beam-line, experimental stations) and Shanghai Inst. of

Applied Physics(SINAP) (Free Electron Laser )

Seeded FEL(HGHG), 50-150nm tunable, 50Hz rep rate.

Full coherence, fs-ps pulse lengths, 100MW peak power

Scheduled for 2012-2015, in parallel to SXFEL.


Dalian Coherent Light Source (DCLS)

Shanghai soft x-ray FEL (SXFEL)


Ground break this summer

SXFEL Performance

Parameters HGHG Upgrade Unit

Output Wavelength 9 1.5-4 nm

Bunch charge 0.5~1 0.5~1 nC

Energy 0.84 1.3~2 GeV

Energy spread 0.1~0.15% 0.15%

Energy spread (sliced) 0.02% 0.03%

Normalized emittance 2.0~2.5 2.0~2.5 mm.mrad

Pulse length (FWHM) 1. 0.03 -1 ps

Peak current ~0.5 0.5 kA

Rep. rate 1~10 50 Hz


R&Ds for X-ray FEL


Conclusions

SDUV-FEL is one of the most competitive test facilities for

FEL principles and technologies

4 years’ machine operation

Several advanced FEL experiments have been accomplished, including

EEHG-FEL lasing, continuous HGHG wavelength tuning, and crossed-

planar undulator, etc.

new experiments (CPA-HGHG, PEHG) are coming soon.

So far, All three high-gain FELs in China, i.e., SDUV-FEL,

DCLS and SXFEL, was and are being built by SINAP.

Principally and technically, SINAP is ready for China’s first

hard X-ray FEL user facility.

Hard x-ray FEL strategy

Accelerator tunnel: from 300m to 550m

Beam energy: from 1GeV to 6.4GeV

Long undulator

Beam line and FEL user stations

Thanks for your attentions

Documents

Free electron laser activities at Shanghai...Free electron laser activities at Shanghai Haixiao Deng (鄧海嘯), On behalf of FEL team Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SINAP)