Gavareski

8/3/2019 Gavareski

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/gavareski 1/7

Summary of Urinary System Function and Fluid/Electrolyte Balance

Concept Map

By: Carol A. Gavareski, MS

Bellingham Technical College3028 Lindbergh Ave

Bellingham, WA 98225360-752-8431; [email protected]

Objective: Review processes of urine formation and fluid and electrolyte balance, and show how

they inter-relate.

Directions to student:

You will work in groups of 2-4 students, without using books or notes. Your instructor will be

available for input as needed. After you have submitted your concept map for instructor review,you may consult your notes (no textbook) to correct errors and complete the map.

Most of the terms and phrases you will need are listed in the following table. You may select

from these, or use your own words. Where appropriate, add your own wording to furtherdescribe something. Some terms and phrases will be used more than once, and possibly some not

at all. Numbers in ( ) following some terms and phrases suggest how many times they may be

used.

Steps:1. Fill in the boxes under NEPHRON STRUCTURES with the names of the various

nephron parts and urinary structures (see Table- column 1).

2. Fill in the blanks numbered 1-3 with the 3 steps of urine formation.

3. Fill in the blanks under DESCRIPTIONS/FUNCTIONS with the proper substancesinvolved (see Table- column 2) and/or phrases that further describe that structure or

explain a process (see table column 3).

4. In the column under REGULATION/HOMEOSTASIS, fill in the proper terms orphrases that describe how that particular process is controlled (see Table- columns 2-

3).

5. When you have finished step 4 above, add the following titles to the various sections

you completed in step 4:A id b b l

8/3/2019 Gavareski


Structures Solutes, fluids,

hormones, other

substances

Descriptions/functions

Afferent arteriole

Efferent arteriole

Glomerulus

Bowman’s capsule

Distal convoluted tubule

Proximal convoluted

tubule

Collecting duct

Loop of Henle

Peritubular capillaries (2)

Venule

Renal artery

Renal vein

Principal cells

Intercalated cells

Juxtaglomerular cells

Baroreceptors (intra-

renal)

Renal pelvis

Ureter

Urinary bladder

Urethra

Adrenal cortex (2)

Posterior pituitary

Water (4)

Small solutes

RBC’s

Protein

Glucose

Urea

Na+ (2)

K+ (2)

Ca++

H+ (3)

HCO3- (2)

Cl-

ADH (3)

Aldosterone (3)

PTH

Renin

Angiotensinogen

Angiotensin I

Angiotensin II

Angiotensin-converting

enzyme

Filtrate

Tubular fluid

Glomerular filtration (2)

Tubular reabsorption (2)

Tubular secretion (2)

Return of substances from tubular fluid to blood

Movement of substances from blood into tubular fluid

Uses counter-current exchange to establish osmotic

gradient in kidney medulla

Glomerular blood pressure (2)

Blood plasma osmotic pressure

Capsular hydrostatic pressure

Kidney “self-regulation” of glomerular blood flow tomaintain relatively constant GFR

Vasoconstriction of afferent arteriole to reduce GFR

(Hypertonic or hypotonic?) blood plasma

(Too high or too low?) blood Ca++

(Too high or too low?) blood pressure

(Too high or too low?) blood K+

(Increases or decreases?) K+ secretion

(Increases or decreases?) Na+ reabsorption

Water follows Na+ by osmosis (2)

(Increases or decreases?) Ca++ reabsorption

(Increases or decreases?) water permeability of collecting

duct cells

(Increases or decreases?) water reabsorption by osmosis

8/3/2019 Gavareski


Blood enters kidney by way of

_________________ (vessel)

NEPHRONSTRUCTURES

DESCRIPTIONS/ FUNCTIONS

REGULATION/ HOMEOSTASIS

Blood enters nephron via

__afferent arteriole___

__________________

__________________

__________________

Fluid flows into renal

tubule system__________________

(1) Process:

______________________

Fluid called: _____________Consists of: ______________

and ____________________

Does not contain: _________

and __________

Fluid now called:

____________________

Exchange between blood in____________________ and

fluid in renal tubules is “2-way”

NFP determined by 3 forces:

_________________________minus ____________________

minus ____________________

GFR normally regulated by alterations

of ____________________ (one of the

forces listed above).

Alterations accomplished in 2 ways:

Autoregulation: _________________________________________________

Sympathetic stim: ________________

_______________________________

(1)

(2)

(3)

© 2007 Carol Gavareski

8/3/2019 Gavareski


(2) Process:_________________________

Describe: _________________

_________________________

(3) Process:_________________________

Describe: _________________

_________________________

Consist of these regions:

__________________

__________________

__________________

Reabsorption:1. _______ 6. ____________

2. _______ 7. (metabolic waste) ______

3. _______ 8. other ions4. _______ 9. _____ follows by osmosis

5. _______

Secretion:

1. _______

Function:

_________________________

Reabsorption:

1. Ca++

2. Na+ and other ions3. ______ follows by osmosis

Secretion:1. ______

2. ______

Regulated by: ______________

(hormone)

Secreted by ________________in response to ______________

(stimulus)

Has this effect:

_________________________,which in turn helps to

_________________________.


8/3/2019 Gavareski


__________________

Consist of 2 cell types:(1) _____________________

(2) _____________________

Reabsorption of ____________

Stimulus:

_________________________Receptors are ______________

located ___________________

Stimulates secretion of:

_____________ by juxtaglomerular cells of the

kidney.

Mediates conversion of:

_________________ (plasmaprotein produced by the liver) to

____________________

Converted to:

_____________________in presence of ______________

located in endothelium of

pulmonary capillaries.

Stimulates _________________

to produce ________________

(hormone)

Regulated by: ______________

(hormone)

Has this effect:_________________________

which in turn causes _________

which helps to _____________

And this causes:__________________


8/3/2019 Gavareski


Reabsorption of ____________

Secretion of _______________

Secrete either:

_____ if plasma pH <7.4; or_____ if plasma pH > 7.4

Secreted by ________________

in response to ______________

(stimulus)

Regulated by: ______________

(hormone)

Has this effect:

_________________________

which in turn helps to

_________________________

Regulated by: ______________

(hormone)

Has this effect on CD cells:

_________________________which results in:

_________________________Which in turn helps to

Secreted by ________________

in response to ______________

(stimulus)

Has this effect: helps to

_________________________


8/3/2019 Gavareski


Fluid is now at the end of the

nephron tubule system.

It flows next into the_______________ (central

collecting portion) of the kidney.

Eliminated from body through

other urinary structures:________________________

________________________

________________________

Blood, its contents altered bythese processes, now flows

away from the nephron by way

of _____________ (vessel type)

Blood leaves kidney by way of

_________________ (vessel) to

re-enter general circulation into

the inferior vena cava.

Consists of water and solutes added by

processes of:_______________________ and_______________________ minus

water and solutes removed by process

of: ________________________.

Concentration is:_____________________ in presence

of _________

(hormone)Or __________________ in absence of

__________.

(hormone)

It is now _________ in its final form.


Documents

Gavareski