8/10/2019 Genel Kimya - Yldz Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr. Mahmure zgr (Elektrokimya) Ders Notlar

1/14

: k k

k

k 5 ~

k

@ JQYLJKMT

N`njtrljkmyebkb ob`j yesebtkmkzae iyuj ikr pretkjbnmk verakr.

Sk``nr`n e`kseb tm e`nt`nr, pk``k reayl`er, pk``k lyubhej`er, pk``k

tres mejkbe`erkgnp n`njtrljkmyekkkKkob`j geyete uyou`ebmks snj`kakr

`nr. Ltlmlik` pere`erk, meae`ylb`er okik iezk nsye`erk aege ozn`,ae

ge per`ej orbm` yepeik`mnj vn jlrrlzyebaeb jlrumej kkb iezk mnte`

`nr`n jep`emebkb ikr ,yl`u ae ykbn n`njtrljkmyese` ikr ks`nm l`eb n`njt

rl`kzakr. Jkmye zetnb iesteb iese n`njtrkjsn`akr. Etlm`erkb njkranokbk

sereb n`njtrlb`er`e etlm njkranok ereskbaejk njkm anbonsk, etlm`erkb

n`~jtK lkkvnrnrnj jetylb`erkb, n`njtK eb e`erej ae ebylb`erkb l`usumu,eb-

ylb y~jetylb`erkb ikrikrkbk njmnsk gnp n`njtrkjsn`akr. y`nysn itb

jkmyeye n`njtrejkmye anrsnj yeb`ks l`mez. Qerkd l`erej

k6knjtrljkb`t~ ~

n`njtrk~\nb-=-rDs~ rntnb vnye.n`njtrkj nbn6kf~sky`6y ,~y~~ yjsn`tonbmn

\\\\\ b

kbakronbmn (rnaejs) rnejskylb`erkbkb tmb kkbn e`eb ik`km aekwkr.

5?;5 an @.Oekvebk~ jnsk`mks ikr jurie~eyk ikr n`njtrkj mejkbnsk ye

bkbe jlyauoubae n`njtrkj anserfk skreskbae jurie~e jeskbkb tktrnstknkbk

oz`nynrnj tnseadnb n`njtrkj ejkmkbk jnsdntt k,:L zemeb`er iube geyveb.,

se` n`njtrkj eak.bk vnrak. Iu l`ey onrnjtn eb`k lroebkzmeae rntk`nb

n`njtrkj-, ikyln`njtrljkmye l`erej znrkbanerestkrme`er yepk`eb ikr jl..

buaur. Oe`vebkanb slbre Tl`te vn Dereaey`e n`njtrejkmye on`ksmks vn

k`j prnbskp`nrk lrteye jlbu`m~stur.

r

8/10/2019 Genel Kimya - Yldz Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr. Mahmure zgr (Elektrokimya) Ders Notlar

2/14

88>

N`k66.~,~6.~jkmyekr eb`emae n`njtrkj ejkmk~kb jkmye~e` rnejsk[3b.ker`e

---

-~.-

-

------

. , .

-

-- -- --,

~

.---\. --

k`ksjkskbk ekj`er. Ikr n`njtrljkmyese` l`ey mugejjej gkr rnaljs rnejsk-

yl~~aur-~--vnnk~jtrkj rntkr vnye n`njt~kj e-j~m~-:er~kmky`e r~~jsk~lb onr

~jkns-~~6Qknr.

rn-al ts

, ,ne.jskylb

a~--

kbak~o~~~- yer~~-:~:j~kylbu' :~':~jsn`t-

-- - -- \\ l. \.~ ~ .\ . --

onbmn yerkm rnejskylbu l`mej znrn kj~ yerkm rnejskylbaeb kiernttkr.

(Jlbu `@ 51 . Ikr kbjl mnte`k pereskbkb

HuXLk`

zn`tkskbn etk`mesky`e

jkrmkzk rnbj`k iejkr mnte`k perehkj`erkbkb l`usmesk rnejskylbubu kbhn`k

yn`km.

`9.`

Iu rnaljs rnejskylbubub yerkm rnejskylb`erk sy`nakr.

9+

Vb~Vb + 9n

(yjsnjsn`tonbmn)

(kbakronbmn)

K`@k6:

iesje rnaljsrnejskylburkae

?+ 8+ 9+ 1+

Xb +9dn ~9Dn +Xb

yerkm rnejskylb`er sy`nakr6

9+ 1+ 9 .. )

b :.Xb

+

n yujsn`tonbmn

59.9

8+ 9+

Dn +n --+Dn

(kbakronbmn)

Jkmyese` rHk.,jskylb`er2aejk`njtrkj ejkmk ikr gngnrkkban rnejskylb

onrnj`nstkrk`akrkban oz`nbnmnz. rbnokb kbjlpere`erkbk ikr gngnr

kkban iu`ubeb HuX31 zn`tkskbn ettkokmkzae rnejskylb ikrje aejkje kkb

an temem`ebkr vn jkrmkzk rnrFak iejkr pere`erk l`usur. Eme ikr n`njtrkj

ejkmk oz`nbnmnz. N`njtrkj ejkmk. ikr mnte`kj k`ntjnb vn ikr n`njtrl`kt

k`ntjnb yerakmky`e lrteye kjerk`kr. N`njtrkj ejkmk rntnb vnye n`njtrkj

ejkmk ye.rakmky`e onrnj`nsnb ikr skstnmn vnye hkgeze

n `\~jtrljkmyese 5 pk 5

---.\----

~. ..

--.---\.

eak vnrk`kr. Ikr pk`an kylb ejkmkbkb seo`ebakok zn`tkyn n`njtrl`kt, iu

zn`tkyn `)etkrk`mks l`eb vn n`njtrlb ejkmkbkb seo`ebakok mnte` vnye ore

dkt uiuj`ere n`njtrlt eak vnrk`kr.

``nrtr` n`njtrljkmyese` pk`an yjsnt`onbmn yerkm rnejskylbubub l`

auou n`njtrlae

ebet.

kkkh5kronbmnyerkm rnejskylbubub.,l`aI^ n`njtrlae ae

jetlt eak vnrk`kr. Nonr kbnrt n`njtrla`er ju``ebk`memksse eblt mnte`k

8/10/2019 Genel Kimya - Yldz Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr. Mahmure zgr (Elektrokimya) Ders Notlar

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884

zbr, jetlt mnte`k znrkban ikrkjmn l`ur. N`njtrljkmyese` pk``nr, `)

~kve~j p`k vnye vl`te pk`k rnejskylb srnskbhn n`njtrkj ejkmk rntnb

pk``nr~ 9) N`njtrl`ktkj pk`,a~~erkaeb vnr~`nb n`njtrkj ejkmk yerakmky`e

ikr rnejskylbu (n`njtrl`kz) onrnj`nstkrnb pk``nr l`mej znrn kjk tr`

ar`nr.

59.5. N`njtrljkmyese` Sk``nr,

e) Tl`te Sk`k (Oe`vebkj Sk`)

E

. ~teF733

yk`kbae ststn jlyauou 0:kbjl vn oms p`eje`erk ereskbe

tuz`u suye ae`akrk`mks jumes pere`erk jlyerej n`njtrkj rntnb k`j pk`k

yepmkstkr. Jnbak eakbe kzedntnb iu pk`n vl`te pk`k eak vnrk`mkstkr.

N`njtrljkmyebkb k`j tnmn`kbk eteb`eraeb @.;

8/10/2019 Genel Kimya - Yldz Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr. Mahmure zgr (Elektrokimya) Ders Notlar

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88?

zn`tksk

+

Vb uiuj

.k~

-'5z~9t

+

(e)

i

(er

k`j ebae Vb mnte`k VbX31 zn`tkskbn Vb9+jetylb`erk

zn`tk + yj dez`e`kokbe segkp l`urjnb kbjl uiuj eyrk`eb

vnrk`kr.

gnr kbjl

jetylk`^ gelkK`06` kjk n`njtr'K5 dez`e`kokbe, segkp l`ur yebk (-)

ykkjGk

l`ur.

i)HuXL zn`tksk kkbn ietkrk`mks l`eb iejkr uiuj aurumubae

zn` t(~nb Hu~+jetyl`k`erk iejkr uiuj k kbn okrnr vn uiuou

(+)

yj` ye

per. zn`tk ksn gnr iejkr jetylbubub ikrej~ko\k\s~ ~ \ebyl~~ \~e\~~~-)

yj de?.5e`kokbe segkp l`ur.

Mnte` uiuj`er`e zn`tk`nr ereskbae gnmnb anbon juru`auou kkb kb

jlbub Vb9+ se`kvnrmnsk k`n iejkrkb zn`tkanb Hu9+ekmesk l`ey`erk anvem

ntmnz. Eb~ej kb~~ ~~jtejk\~~~j[~

8/10/2019 Genel Kimya - Yldz Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr. Mahmure zgr (Elektrokimya) Ders Notlar

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887

Iureae bnanb kbjl zbylr. yjsn`ton~k[()r y6~bnhknb ik`j~6K6'\ \~r.kh6`~ron

bkylr slrusube hnvep l`eN

8/10/2019 Genel Kimya - Yldz Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr. Mahmure zgr (Elektrokimya) Ders Notlar

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88;

Gnr kjk tr pk` kkb n`njtrlt rnejskylb`erkbk tlp`uhe sy`n skre`eyeik`k-

rkz.

'Ekklt

[jsn`tonbkkkn

Ebylb`er' eIlh`eolnr

N`nj`rlb vnrkr

Oe`vekkkj pk``nran bnoetkdtkr

59.< `'erkka.ky Jk_^K`K 6

Jetlt

kbakronbmn

Jetylb`er jetlae onr

N`njtrlb e`kr

N`njtrl`ktkj pk``nran bnoetkdtkr

5788 an M`'ereaey n`njtrljkmyese` pk``nran (oe`vebkj vn n`njtrl`ktkj)

eblt`e zkk`knb vnye Jetltte ikrkjnb meaan mkjterkbkb onnb n`njtrkj ejkmk

k`n lrebtk`k l`auoubu iu`mustur. Dereaey Jebubu6 ]8~. 6-. 'ylbkjzn`tkanb ikr

-- '. ,\, \.\----=---. \\ ~- - -' - \\. -'----,..-,.,--. ' . ,~~.,.,..,.....,.,..6.6...-6', ...

' .,h. .\ .\

nsanonr orem meaanyk ikrkjtkrmnj vnye ebltteb zn`tkyn onkrmnj kkb ;4>33

\. l'. ~\~ .\,.\ .,. \ ,, .\,\ \ ,.'. , , \.H. ~.-

~',,,,,. '662 .-,,,..''''''''''''-\\='''' , --

~..-.~-n1.~,.0.-,\-=r- -..,::\l6~2, . ,-,- ','56', , - 2- . ,' ,. \ . .'06 -'-'h.66::6: \\ .~\ ,~,.,\

Hlu`lrbi (H) n`njtrkj yj onrnjkr. ;4>33 H=`D (Dereaey) l`erej ostnrk`kr.

. \.\ \~ \ .\ ,. \. \ \. . . ' -~ --- '~ '- - \ \ . .- ~. \~ \, \ . .' \. ~\ \ . .. .. .. .. -. -, ,. .. . '= ,- -, ,= \, ~, ,\ ., .,

@- \

Ikr ml` n`njtrlbu6ksegkp l\`auoun`njtrkjyjbanb gnsep`ebkr. } \n`njtrlbub

yj 5.4x`L-5;-h 6-k0 ml` n`njtrlbub~:j = 4.39x`398 W k.4xkl-`;~6;4171.>4 K

~~~ '. '-'- -

... '

.

ml` = ;4>33H kbl`6 6yrkhe j`eskj dkzkjtn in`kr`k ikr srn ejkm ontkokban

~ \ \, \\ ~\@ \\ ,

n`an nak`nb n`nj trk j\

W~`0~

q

~ \\ \\ r

(Ejkm skaantk

K t~Vemeb

5 = .'

( (/P -..(`P)X0k``k[H(X)

mrkhk.' .

hlu`lkkki( H) .

ieokkktFsk k`n vnrk`kr. Eyrkhe k vl`t (T)

Klu`n (F)

=

Hlu`lrbi (H)

59 8

vn n`hj KQ.kj606F

ks

G

juvvnt) .

- r6.;. `)eokbtkskbk ae getkr`eye`km. HK66 n`njtrlmltlr

pkknj 55 5 Akr n`njtrl`kz ghrnskban jetlt znrkban 74.8 o jrlmu Hr8+

zn`tk~8kkkanb ikrkj tkrrbnj kkb 433 E `kj ejkmk je seet srny`n onkrmn`k

akr9/8 = 5?~8 o/nsa~ akr~

8/10/2019 Genel Kimya - Yldz Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr. Mahmure zgr (Elektrokimya) Ders Notlar

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74.8

o

Hr-1

74.8

o

5?.8 o/nsa

813

=

>.3 nsa iu`ubur.

>.3 nsa jOt`n Hr kkb >x;4>33 H 66679>33 H n`njtrkj yOjO onrnjkr.

433 E`kj ejkm`e iu n`njtrkj yOjbO je seettn n`an nanhnokmkzk 59.8 ie

okbtkskbaeb iu`ubuz.

q

=

`t.

t

179>33

433

=

731.9

s

t

=

731.9 s = 58.1 aj = 3.99 seet

H~~~~`s.-6k8F)33 E kkj ikr ejkm 93 seet sOrny`n Hu9+ zn`tkskbanb on

krk`akokban jetltte je o iejkr ikrkjkr

9

= 85.?> o/nsa

= 1?8?.7 o iejkr ikrkjtkrkkr.

;4>33 H

5.1`~x`L ?H

W 666

85.?> o .Hu ikrkjkrsn

x o Hu ikrkjtkrkr

?

5.11 x 53 x 85.?>

;4>33

= 5+.?

jo Hu .

....... .. ~.~ -~,

Aanv6)`> aejkje sOrny`n UL`>E ejkm Orntnb ikr vl`te pk`kban bn jeeer

f - ---\ ..

L

kbjl yjsn5tonbkr < Hnvep61.; mo Vb

59.8. pk@ Ostnrkm`nrk vn N`N :jtrltnskt`nrk

~.. ..6:,-\ .. . ~ -- - ~.,2l.,..\..

Oe5vekkkj pk``nr kb 5

8/10/2019 Genel Kimya - Yldz Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr. Mahmure zgr (Elektrokimya) Ders Notlar

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817

zk`m6

N = NL -

3.3>;9 `lo U

b

9+ 9+

Hu +Vb j ~ Vb + Hu j

e`kbeb vnye vnrk`nb n`njtrlb seyksk b-9 akr.

U -

=

3.5>

3,9>

- 3.4

N = 5.538 -

3.LX;9

9

`lo 3.4

N = 5.533 T

~-~6 Mb35d+ Ikt+ Xn

2

Mb.9P

15d5 T yerkm pk`kbkb

.\/ +. -9 9+-X

ZMbL ] = L.59ml`/@ Zk` ] = 5.Xx`L - ml``@ vn ZMb ] =9.>x`L ml``@

1

l`auou zemebpk`kb

nrbj skbk iu`ubuz. Xtebaert sert`ere orn aege juv-

vnt`k vnye aege zeykd yjsn`tonykhk l`up l`meakokbk sy`nykbkz.

Hnv6 N=5.5; T.

aege zey2d [js,6o6b~= h`) i\ur Hd` ~k

Bnrbst ieokbtkskbae rnaljs rnejskylbubub anbon ge`kbk a~~;9

b

`lo J

59.7

n`an nak`kr. Iy`nhn NL kb 4Ol vn J k`n k`ksjk`nrkbk urteye jlymus~

l`auj.

rbnj 59.596 Ikr kbjl-iejkr pGkbkb Nl,k = 5.53 T 9XlH an anbon

pk

seiktkbk gnsep`eykbkz.

(rk = 9)

3.3>;9

9+ 9+

Vbnj) +X6\`F ~ Hu(j) + Vb

b NL

@lo J

zm6

@lo J =

9 x 5.53

3.3>;9

Z 9+

J= Vb ]

ZHu9+] =

k.

;xk38?

8/10/2019 Genel Kimya - Yldz Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr. Mahmure zgr (Elektrokimya) Ders Notlar

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815

Jete`6

9+ .,.^ (H9)

t

Hu

-

dez tnmesk

9+ k

b' (hk)

/

tuz jprs

Ekkl K'

Vb

.---/'

dez tnmesk

Iureae

vn X9j{)``snbtrkesylb`H`Sk~()~tnrkr: Nonr mbsnbtresylb`er,``5. ks.n

,.. ,~.~.l ~--.h6..0-,-= ,, \

jLd`snrkNkDhksyl P`95rko{)otnrmnyn.o~rnj. je`mez

A~o.k,s:k,tht~-F:,a.~a~:t~j :'.()560s6k.s--t~`KP-

''-\.-6~6~~:'~~--~6-''~'

-'~~~-~'6~.-'~'.

'--

,

`hpk pk``nK'k`klWus-tbru`kbeskbae ju``ebk`eik`kr .. A6t ieskt n`nYtrlP66 skstn-

~~6,~ ,.2 - \''''\~ ~'''''6'\''\- .~ .\ . ~.' ..6l,.-Ph\. ~-,kg,~..-k6 :,,,,0 ~: . .\,\,: . - ,- : H2 . . .:.,.

mkbk sy`n skre`eyeik k56'kz.

(' ~r)---Mne` uiuj`mnte` jetylbubu knrnb n`njtrl`k tn ae`akrk`mkst kr.

M

M `Mb+

(rbnj.6 VbPVb9t

9) Oe/'.(~`ar'lt vh'

p/`?,a0555

l`usmus kylb knrnb n`njtrl`kt.

K`ntjnb`kok seo`emej kkb rnejskylbe okrnmnynb St.Sa okik kbnrt ikr

''--'-~'-''

..',.~. ----,

k`ntjnb ju@`ebk`kr.

M

x ~

T mlk n

'bknj 59.>6 N`njtrkjsn` ks _66-Nq k`n vnrk`kr. 5.53 T plgmskyn`n se

gkp ikr 'ghk'n 4>3

n

n`njtrkj yj vn`'akok zemeb pk`kb yeptkok n`njtrkjsn`

ksk gnsep`eykbkz.

zm6 _ =-N q = -(5.53 T) (4>3 H) = -?5>

vn

w =-?5> F

(kvn =

`F)

N`n~~rlmltlr ~P`y~=\ :,~\n.t[~~ ~~~Nfkokgk j~~3H, k etm,` Ml`er)

59.>

ieokbtksk n`an nak`kr .

Jnbak`kokbanb l`eb ikr rN (jF

kv

ml`

n)

@k

(v)

= -

959.8 jF

8/10/2019 Genel Kimya - Yldz Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr. Mahmure zgr (Elektrokimya) Ders Notlar

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Xtepqert kpakronbmn Sltebskyn``nrk

Ikr pk`~~ gnr ikr yerkm rnejskylbub n`njtrlt pl~e~~,,~~k=`k`U6`nik`kr.

^`us`ereresF ikr ostnrkm l`erej yerkm rnejskylb`er kkb pltebskyn``nrkb

kbakronbmn pltebskyn`k l`erej vnrk`mnsk znrkban eb`esk`mkstkr. 5 etm,

5 ml`er vn 9XlHan ``nb iu anonr`nr

ebk`kr. Xt~kertkbakronbmn plteb-

'---\.~.... ,~.. ... . ... \,.---.~, ~. -.,..,.-- ...~

skynkknrk kjk~hk ikr yerkm pk` (yerkm ghrn) k`n ikr pk` tnsjk` nak`nrnj

\~.... .. . , .~\2 ~\~^\ , \. . \. \ - . ., . .- -u -- -, ,- . . '- . . - , 5',,,--- .. ,.,'.'\\ ' ' '. .\h, . ., . ,. , h : ,, \ .

^u ''''''

,,', ''' \-'- ~- \'''''''' \\' -l' .. .,. .,',K':.:.6::~'~'-, .\\~ .,. h .. . ., ., .. ,. - - ,. -, ,-6 k K ~k ., H- '~ ., . \\, \\

``r. Iu kjkbhk pn6dn6r'ebs [krkmghrnbkbstebah66,~,6p()ter`skyn k\s?,d:K'X:k

Gkarlfnb n`njtrlaubub

9XlH

an stebaer~'p~tebskyn`k 3.33 T aur.

N = L.LALT

Yndnrebs gkarlfnb n`njtrlauikr oez n5njtrlaaur,.Kbnrt St mnte` u-

, ' .'2LH S \ .' . .~ ~ \ ,.6h..' -h.. \h-. .u.~:h6r:h: ~., .,- .,,--,.,'- ...-\\ ~ '. $, ':' ''' .,,,,~', ,-

i~ ~\~5@~u~u~.on.bnpk`nb',l-

\ a \ - -\l' --~0-26-6:'::0'6'666.F~,, 6'~k66.~:6-66.-:'.6.:::P ,~:.:--6'6~:.P666,-,- . ,6:,, :6\:k6m6~, k- . :.~:' , , ,, , ,. , ~. ~ ':-'k.1'`,'.'6' -.'066'6 \666\\, ,. ~

zkt kd ksernt`k l`eb`er aejnbak`ko:krranb kdk0`kronbnik`nb mhkaqn`nrt.6kr Iyttkj

\\\.' \' '..... \\,. .~ k' .

Mut`ej anonrn n iyj bnoetkd~~h6~`erkb yjsn~56o~pm~N6eik`kyntk aege iyj.

p~zktkd anonrk iyj ~keb`erkbkbakronbmn jeik`kyntk aege iyjtr.

rrrk7j'59.?. @k+K@k, Mo9+KMo ,Si9+KSi yerkm pk``nrkbkb yjsn`t

onbmn jeik`kynt`nrkbk jersk`estkrkbkz.

zm6 @k+t@k

9+5

'-5o Mo

NL = -8.31> T

NL = -9.848 T

Si9 KSi

NL = - 3.594 T

Iube orn @k+P @k) Mo9+PMo) Si9+KSi

k -.k-` ')+5 9+5 +P

anv6 d9(o)

kD.

`ko' Eo ,Hu@ Hu, Dn Dn, Be Be

kbakronbmn pltebskyn``nrkbn iejerej (Qei`l 59.5) yjsn`tonbnik`mnohbn

..

orn skre`eykbkz.

8+

59.53. E` E@

kkb rnejskylb besk` yezk`krse yezk`skb

(5) 5/8 E`8~ n ---'.`25/8E` (j)

K5Ol= 543.1 jF

E@(j)

5Ol

=

175.

9 jF

ostnrkbkz.

8/10/2019 Genel Kimya - Yldz Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr. Mahmure zgr (Elektrokimya) Ders Notlar

13/14

814

zQKm6 ~Ol

=

-lDNl ieokbtksk ju``ebk`erej k)ieokbtkskbae b=`,

~5k)

geokkktFskbae 55=8 e`kbkr vn gnr kjk ge` kkb an eybk NL anonrk

iu`ubur.

meaan`nrkb ml` seyk`erkbaeb

,..,. .,.~ ,,~~~ ..,.. .... ,-- .~,.- -- ~~r ~ \ - ..-\.-, g .~ r ~~ : :- \- .~

K5Nrnejskylbube okrnb meaan`nrf.b m()~.,}eyk`erkbe ieo-

NL

=

-K5Ol

-543.1 jF

=

-k.

>.49 T

D

(5 ml` n)(;417> jF)/T ml`n

,

-557

-175.9 jF = -5.449 T

D

(8 ml`n )(;417> jF)/T me` n)

/

ure` 59'65.

.~

..

`k l`erej ~~okskr.

-.~ e62\ . ,~, , .: ,

326 3~5~J6t=6X.;mler juv .6nt

. .....-~.~\ ~ 6 E..\ ~- :-,. ,.,,. .6\6 .,,.:,,,.:6..),..\ .. ~~\. . ~.. .

. Iubub kkb vnrk~~ 5 W~6k:6'k~pk` kbakronbmn SOtebskyn``n-

~ . 6 :.,- ,~~,,,, ,,\.::6 . 602.,, ~ ~:'~ \ ~,~ .. : - - ~ - - - - -,- ',-.. - --l ,h - - .. ~ ,\~~.. ... :' 6 FFg'~l(': - -'~ ''\'~\kr'\''-'''6'66~2--'

k~ : ,6 6.\2 . - . \ . :

,rk~rQeikl 59.5) ju``ebk`kr. K~~k~on~~~~~b l`

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