gia công phay

8/2/2019 gia cng phay

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CC PHNG PHP GIA CNG TRN MY PHAY

I.M u

Hin nay phay l mt phng php gia cng ph bin, c kh nng cng ngh kh

rng ri. Phay khng nhng gia cng c mt phng m cn c th gia cng c nhiumt nh hnh khc nhau. Thng my phay chim khong 20% trong tng s cc mycng c. Phay c thc hin trn cc kiu my phay nh my phay vn nng nm nganghoc ng. Trong sn xut hng lot ln cong thc hin trn my phay nhiu trc, myphay c bn quay, my phay chuyn dng.

II. Nguyn l v kh nng cng ngh

1. Nguyn lPhay l phng php gia cng ct gt dng dng c nhiu li ct l dao phay gia

cng cc mt phng v cc mt nh hnh khc. Phay c thc hin trn cc loi myphay. Hai loi my c s dng ph bin l ma phay ngang v my phay ng. Khidng thm g lp c th thc hin mt s cng vic phay trn my tin, my khoan...

ng hc c bn khi phay l: Hnh 1- Chuyn ng chnh n (chuyn ng ct): l chuyn ng quay trn ca dao phay.- Chuyn ng chy dao s : l chuyn ng tnh tin ca phi(bn my).- Chuyn ng ph: vo ra ca phi so vi dao phay, chuyn ng phn

Hnh 1 Cc chuyn ng khi phay2.Kh nng cng ngh: Hnh 2

Phay l phng php gia cng rt ph bin, c kh nng cng ngh rt rng ri.Phay dng ph bin gia cng mt phng, cc loi rnh phng v cong, cc dng

mt nh hnh, bnh rng cc loi, ct t, phay ren..Phay l phng php gia cng t nng sut cao, t c chnh xc v bng

b mt xp x khi gia cng tin.Khi phay c th t chnh xc cp 11 9, bng t Rz 20Ra2,5. Trn my

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phay chnh xc cao v dng dao phay chnh xc, c th t chnh xc, bng caohn.Trn my phay c th:

+ Phay mt phng bng dao phay tr Hnh 2a+ Phay mt phng bng dao phay mt u Hnh 2 b,c

+ Phay rnh bng dao phay ngn Hnh 2 d+ Phay rnh bng dao phay a Hnh 2e+ Phay cc rnh nh hnh Hnh 2g+ Phay cc mt nh hnh Hnh 2k

Hnh 2 Kh nng cng ngh ca phay3. My phay

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a) b) Hnh 3 Cc loi my phayCc loi my phay vn nng:

+ My phay ng (c trc dao thng ng) Hnh 3 a+ My phay ngang (c trc dao nm ngang) Hnh 3 b

Cc loi my phay chuyn dng:`+ My phay ln rng

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+ My phay chp hnh..Cc loi my phay t ng:4. Cc trang b g t phi trn my phay

1) t song hnh Hnh 4.1

Dng g t cc loi phi dng khi hp2) u phn vn nng Hnh 4.2Dng g cc chi tit dng trc, g khi phay bnh rng, rnh then...3) Vu kp Hnh 4.3Phi hp vi bulng v ai c kp phi trn bn my hoc khi V

Hnh 4.1 t Hnh 4.2 phn

Hnh 4.3 Cc lai vu kp .

5. Dao phay

Dao phay c rt nhiu loi v phn loi nh sau:

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1) Theo hnh dng dao: dao phay tr (rng thng, rng nghing), dao phay a, dao phayngn, dao phay mt u (rng lin hoc rng ghp).

2) Theo dng rng dao: dao phay rng nhn, dao ht lng.3) Theo cng dng:

+ Dao phay mt phng:- Dao phay tr (rng thng, rng nghing) Hnh 5.1a- Dao phay mt u.Hnh 5.1 b,c- Dao phay chp (c mnh ct quay) Hnh 5.1 h

+ Dao phay rnh (phay cc loi rnh):- Dao phay ngn Hnh 5.1 d- Dao phay a Hnh 5.1 e- Dao phay rnh nh hnh Hnh 5.1 g

+ Dao phay mt nh hnh: gia cng mt nh hnh. Hnh 5.1 k

Hnh 5.1 Cc loi dao phay6 Phng php phay

C hai phng php phay da theo chiu quay ca dao v hng tnh tin ca phi.-Phay thun

L phng php phay m chiu quay ca dao v hng tnh tin ca phi ti imtip xc l thun chiu. Hnh 6.1

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Hnh 6.1 Phay thun Hnh 6.2 Phay nghch

* u im:- Chiu dy ct thay i t amax amin . Do ti thi im rng dao bt u ct khng

xy ra s trt gia li ct v b mt gia cng , nn dao mn v tui bn dao tng.- C thnh phn lc ct P phi xung bn my, tng kh nng kp cht phi, gim

rung ng.* Nhc im:- Lc rng dao chm vo phi, v a = amax nn xy ra s va p lm rng dao d m v

tng rung ng.- Thnh phn lc ct Pn y phi theo phng chy dao, nn s tip xc gia rng vt

me ko bn my v ai c bn my c th khng lin tc lm my chuyn ng git cc,gy rung ng.

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- Phay nghch: L phng php phay m chiu quay ca dao v hng tnh tin ca phi ti imtip xc l ngc chiu.

* u im:- Chiu dy ct tng t amin n amax, lc ct cng tng dn t P 0 n Pmax nn trnh

c rung ng do va p.- Thnh phn lc Pn y phi ngc phng chy dao tng cng s tip xc n khpren vt me v ai c , trnh c d v do trnh c rung ng khu ny.

* Nhc im:- Ti thi im li ct tip xc vi phi th a = 0 nn xy ra s trt gia li ct v

b mt gia cng. Do bng gia cng gim v li ct chng mn.- Thnh phn lc ct thng ng P c xu hng nng phi ln, gy ra rung ng v

lm cho c cu kp phc tp hn.* S dng: Do nhng c im trn, phng php phay nghch thng dng khi gia

cng th.7 Cc nguyn cng phay c bn:

7.1 Chun v g t khi phay: Chun nh v khi phay thng l cc mt phng, hoc mt phng kt hp vi ccl nh v.

Khi phay cc chi tit dng trc, phi c th c nh v trn cc l tm hoc bngcc b mt trc ngoi trn khi V bt cht trn bn my hoc g.

Khi phay c phn , phi c truyn ng phn nh mm cp 3 chu ( c nhv trung bnh ) hoc nh tc kp.

7.2 Phay mt phng: a) Cc bin php phay:

* Dng dao phay tr ( rng thng hoc rng nghing) (hnh 7.1). Dng cc phng php phay thun v phay nghch tin hnh phay mt phng .Khi ct th b mt phi c v cng th dng phay nghch . Khi ct tinh vi lng phay nhhoc ct kim loi mm th dng phay thun c hiu qu hn.

* Dng dao phay mt u: ( hnh 7.2) dng c hiu qu trong sn xut ln.

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Hnh 7.1 Phay bng dao phay tr Hnh 7.2 Phay bng dao phay mtu

8. Phay rnh+ Cc rnh vung hoc ch nht c phay bng dao phay a 3 mt (Hnh 8.1)+ Cc rnh nh hnh(mang c, ui n..)c phay bng dao nh hnh (Hnh

8.2)

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Hnh 8.1 Phay rnh vung Hnh 8.2 Phay rnh mang c

9. Phay rnh then

Cc rnh then trn trc (then bng, then bn nguyt, then hoa...) thng c phay sau khitin hoc mi

- Phay bng dao phay a 3 mt:: dng phay then bng, then bn nguyt, then hoa.(Hnh 9.1)

Phng php ny t nng sut cao, nhng chnh xc km v chiu rng rnh thenthng b rng do trc g dao khng cng vng g dao khng thng gc tm trc, mi daokhng chnh xc.thng dng phay then hoa, then bn nguyt

- Phay rnh then bng dao phay ngn: phay then bng, then hoa (Hnh 9.2)+ Dng dao phay ngn thng thng: dao khng c li ct mt u nn khng tin

dao dc trc dao c. V vy cn khoan mi trc mt l c ng knh bng chiu rng

rnh then.+ Dng dao phay ngn chuyn dng ( dao ui c ) ( Hnh 9.3): Dao c li ct mtu, do khng phi khoan mi trc.

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Hnh 9.1 Phay rnh bng dao 3 mt Hnh 9.2 Phay rnh bng dao ui n

Hnh 9.3 Phay rnh bng dao phay ngn

Phay then hoa

* Trong iu kin sn xut thng thng, c th phay theo 2 bc sau- Phay 2 mt bn bng dao phay a 3 mt.

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- Phay phn mt tr trong.* Trong iu kin sn xut loi ln: c th phay theo 1 trong 2 phng n sau:

- Phay ng thi hai mt bn v hnh tr trong bng dao phay nh hnh thit kcho phay then hoa.

- Phay ln then hoa: dng dao phay ln then hoa gia cng theo nguyn l bao

hnh. 10. Phay bnh rng thanh rng

* Trong iu kin sn xut thng thng ( n chic, lot nh v khng yu cu chnh xc cao ): dng dao phay mun c li ct dng rnh rng ( Hnh 10.1 ).Ct tngrnh rng, sau phn mt gc 360o /z ri ct cho n ht.

* Trong iu kin sn xut lot ln: Dng phng php phay ln rng theo nguyn lbao hnh. C s ca phng php ny l nhc li s n khp truyn ng cng bc theokiu cc b truyn bnh rng bnh rng hoc bnh rng thanh rng m trong mtng vai tr ca dao mt ng vai tr ca phi.

Phay cc mt nh hnhDng dao phay nh hnh phay (Hnh 10.2)Cc mt nh hnh cn c chnh xc v bng b mt cao c gia cng trn cc

my NC hoc CNC

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Hnh 3.14 Phay bnh rng Hnh 3.15 Phay cc mt nh hnh

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