Gio trnh AutoCad

11.1

GII THIU AUTOCADGii thiu

AutoCad l phn mm dng to cc bn v k thut trong ngnh c kh, kin trc, xy dng. Cch chy chng trnh: Start / All Programs / Autodesk/ AutoCad 2004/ AutoCad 2004

1.2

Cu trc mn hnh ha

Sau khi chy chng trnh trn mn hnh xut hin ca s AutoCad theo dng sau:

Cross-hair Cursor

UCSIcon Command line Ta ca Cursor Nu di chuyn mouse khng thy thay i th nhn phm F6 Status line

K hiu hai si tc theo phng trc X v trc Y ca cursor. Con tr mouse. Biu tng h trc ta ca ngi s dng. Dng trng thi dng hin th cc trng thi nh SNAP, GRID, ORTHO, tt/m mt trng thi,nhp trc tip vo tn trng thi. Ta ca Cursor : Khi khng thc hin cc lnh, th ta hin ra l ta tuyt i. S u tin l Honh (trc X), s th hai l Tung (trc Y). Command Line : Dng lnh dng hin cc lnh chn hoc cho ngi s dng nhp trc tip bng bn phm. Cross-hair : Cursor : UCS Icon : Status Line : Chnh sa kch thc ca Cross-hair: o Chnh lnh Tools \ Options o Chn th Display o Ti mc Cross hair size, ko r con trt thay i kch thc ca hai si tc 1

Chnh sa kch thc ca Cursor: o Chnh lnh Tools \ Options o Chn th Selection o Ti mc Pickbox Size, ko r con trt thay i kch thc ca cursor. Tt/M UCS Icon: View \ Display \ UCS Icon \ On

1.3

Dng lnh (Command Line):

Trong AutoCad, ngi s dng c hai cch ra lnh: Chn lnh t h thng lnh (menu bar) hoc nhp lnh trc tip trn dng lnh. Ngoi ra, c mt s lnh khi thi hnh, AutoCad cn yu cu nhp thm d liu v ngi s dng s nhp chng trc tip trn dng lnh ny. ra lnh bng cch nhp lnh trc tip, t bn phm nhp ni dung lnh ri ENTER. Ty theo lnh, lnh ny c th c thi hnh ngay hoc ch i ngi s dng nhp thm d liu. kt thc lnh, nhn ENTER hoc SPACEBAR. Ngi s dng cng c th yu cu thi hnh li lnh va dng bng cch nhn ENTER m khng cn nhp li ni dung lnh ny. Th d: xc nh gii hnh ca bn v, c th chn lnh Format \ Drawing Limits hoc nhp trc tip t kha LIMITS vo dng lnh ri Enter. Lc ny trn dng lnh xut hin ln lt cc thng bo yu cu nhp thm ta gc tri di v gc phi trn ca bn v. Nhp d liu c yu cu ri Enter. Lnh c thi hnh.

1.4

Thanh cng c (Toolbar)

C 2 thanh cng c thng dng l Standard v Draw. Cc thanh cng c cn li khi cn dng mi hin ra bng lnh View \ Toolbars.

1.5

Screen menu

Ngoi cch chn lnh t thanh lnh (menu bar), c th chn lnh t Screen menu. hin Screen Menu, thc hin cc thao tc sau: Chn lnh Tools \ Options. Chn th Display. nh du mc Display sreen menu.

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Gio trnh AutoCad

22.1

THIT LP BN VQun l tp tinTo bn v miBc 1: Chnh lnh New o Cch 1: Chnh lnh File \ New o Cch 2: Nhn t hp phm CTRL + N o Cch 3: Chn nt New Bc 2: Trong hp thoi Select Template, thc hin mt trong cc la chn nh sau: o Cch 1: To bn v mi theo mt mu c sn: chn mu c sn t danh sch Template ri chn Open. o Cch 2: To bn v trng khng theo mu c sn bng cch chn t danh sch ca nt Open mt trong hai gi tr sau:

2.1.1

Open with no Template Imperial: m bn v mi c n v kch thc l Inches. Open with no Template Metric: m bn v mi c n v kch thc l Milimeters. o Kch thc bn v theo cc gi tr mc nh ca AutoCad.

2.1.2

Lu bn v

Tp tin bn v c tn m rng l DWG. lu bn v mi, thc hin cc bc sau: Bc 1: Chn ln Save: o Cch 1: Chn lnh File \ Save o Cch 2: Nhn t hp phm CTRL + S o Cch 3: Chn nt Save Bc 2: Trong hp thoi Save As: o Save in: chn ni cha tp tin. o File Name: nhp tn cho tp tin o Nhn phm Enter hoc chn nt Save

2.1.3

M tp tin

Bc 1: Chn ln Open: o Cch 1: Chn lnh File \ Open o Cch 2: Nhn t hp phm CTRL + O o Cch 3: Chn nt Open

Bc 2: Trong hp thoi Open: o Look in: chn ni cha tp tin. o Nhp p vo tp tin mun m.

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2.1.4

ng tp tin

Bc 1: Lu bn v Bc 2: Chn lnh File \ Close.

2.2

Cc kh giy dung trong bn v k thutA0: 810 mm x 1188 mm A1: 594 mm x 840 mm A2: 420 mm x 594 mm A3: 297 mm x 420 mm

A4: 210 mm x 297 mm2.3 Thit lp bn vKhi to cc bn v k thut, vic u tin cn lm l chn mt loi bn v ph hp vi cc hnh v cn trnh by trn bn v . Thng thng, bn v k thut c cc kch thc l A0, A1, A2, A3, A4 v c th gia gim cc kch thc ny theo ng qui nh v bn v k thut.

2.3.1

Cc bc c bn

thit lp mt bn v, thc hin cc bc sau: Bc 1: To bn v mi. Bc 2: Xc nh t l v kch thc bn v. Bc 3: Xc nh gii hn cho bn v. Bc 4: Xc nh n v s dng v. Bc 5: Thay i trng thi lm vic cho ph hp: SNAP, GRID,

2.3.2

Lnh MVSETUP:

Lnh MVSETUP dng xc nh t l v kch thc bn v. thc hin, gm cc bc sau: Bc 1: Nhp lnh MVSETUP. Bc 2: X l cc thng bo o Enable paper space? [No/Yes] : Nhp N o Enter units type [Scientific / Decimal / Engineering / Architectural / Metric]: Nhp M o Enter the scale factor: Nhp t l bn v theo ng qui c o Enter the paper width: Nhp chiu rng bn v o Enter the paper height: Nhp chiu cao bn v

2.3.3

nh gii hn bn v:Menu lnh Format \ Drawing Limits Lnh Limits

Bc 1: Nhp lnh LIMITS Bc 2: X l cc thng bo: o ON / OFF / Nhp ta gc tri di ca bn v, ri Enter.

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Gio trnh AutoCad o Nhp ta gc phi trn ca bn v, ri Enter. o Cc la chn khc: ON : khng cho php v ra ngoi vng gii hn. Nu v ra ngoi vng gii hn se c thng bo Outside Limits. OFF : cho php v ra ngoi vng gii hn Sau khi nh gii hn cho bn v, thc hin lnh Zoom \ All xem ton b bn v. Trong lc v hnh c th chn cc lnh Zoom \ In phng to hoc Zoom \ Out thu nh bn v theo yu cu. Cng c th dng nt gia ca chut phng to / thu nh bn v.

2.3.4

nh n v bn v:Menu lnh Format \ Units Lnh UNITS hoc DDUNITS

Bc 1: Nhp lnh UNITS Bc 2: Trong hp thoi, thc hin cc la chn ph hp. ngha ca cc la chn nh sau: Length o Type: Chn loi kch thc o Precision: Qui nh chnh xc (s l) Angle o Type: Chn loi o gc o Precision: Qui nh chnh xc (s l) Units to scale : Chn n v kch thc Direction: Chn hng ng chun xc nh gc.

2.3.5

Cc lnh Snap, Grid

Lnh Snap dng iu khin bc nhy ca con tr khi di chuyn n trong bn v. tt / m ch iu khin, dng phm F9 hoc nhp trc tip k hiu SNAP trn dng trng thi. Lnh Grid dng tt / m li ta trn bn v. thc hin, dng phm F7 hoc nhp trc tip k hiu GRID trn dng trng thi. iu chnh bc nhy ca con tr v ln ca cc mc li ta , thc hin cc bc: Bc 1: Chn lnh Tools \ Drafting Settings, hp thoi xut hin. Bc 2: Trong hp thoi: o Snap X spacing, Snap Y spacing: iu chnh khong cch bc nhy con tr theo chiu ngang (X), dc (Y) o Grid X spacing, Grid Y spacing: iu chnh ln li theo chiu ngang (X), dc (Y) o OK

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33.1

V HNHGii thiu

Cc hnh v trong bn v k thut thng l s kt hp bi nhiu hnh c bn nh ng thng, hnh trn, cung, Cc hnh v thng c kch thc chnh xc. Nh vy, khi v hnh, vic xc nh ta cc im c trng trn hnh v l quan trng.

3.2

Cc phng php nhp ta

Khi v hnh, c th dng thao tc ko r mouse v hnh. Nh do cc hnh v thng c kch thc c th, nn i hi vic v hnh phi chnh xc, nht l cc hnh v ca ngnh c kh. v chnh xc mt hnh, cn xc nh ta cc im c trng ca hnh v. AutoCad cho php ngi s dng nhp cc ta im trong khi v hnh. C cc phng php nhp ta im nh sau:

3.2.1

Ta tuyt ix,y Trong x l honh v y l tung ca im ang v theo gc ta (0,0)

Nhp ta tuyt i ca im theo dng

3.2.2

Ta cc:D