godo dRes ar mova ,,qarTuli Teatraluri enciklopedia~

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# 2 (120) 27 Tebervali 2018 weli # 2 (120) 27 Tebervali 2018 weli

saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis TeEatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo universitetis gazeTi #2 (120) 27 Tebervali 2018 weli

gamomcemloba `kentavri~, aRmaSeneblis gamz. 40; tel: 294 37 28; www. tafu.edu.ge

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luba naWyebia

eifmanis qoreo-dramaturgia

giga beqauri

Ramis qvewarmavali

ana kvinikaZe

godo dRes ar mova

nino TaraSvili

kino rogorc kaTarsisi

gv. 9-11

,,qarTuli Teatraluri

enciklopedia~

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# 2 (120) 27 Tebervali 2018 weli # 2 (120) 27 Tebervali 2018 weli# 2 (120) 27 Tebervali 2018 weli # 2 (120) 27 Tebervali 2018 weli

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Tuki odesme gagigoniaT cekvis saubari, moismendiT sxvadasxva ambavs _ sxeuliT moyolils; sxvadasxva gmiris cxovrebas miadevnebdiT Tvalyurs da sxvadasxva qmedebasac SeamCnevdiT _ scenaze momxdars. qoreografiuli dramaturgia aris is, rasac gviyveba cekva. mxatvrobiT moyolil cekvas aRviqvamT, musikiT moyolil cekvas _ vismenT da cekviT moyolil literaturas ki _ SevigrZnobT.

cekva aris qmedeba: winsvla, ukusvla, aRmasvla, daRmasvla, aRmafrena, danarcxeba, kolizia, peripetia. cekva aris qmedeba da, maSasadame, drama. dramisagan warmoiSva dramaturgia, yvelafris: cxovrebis, bunebis, xelovnebis, literaturis, musikis, Teatris, qoreografiis. visTvis samsafexuriani: dasawyisi, ganviTareba, dasasruli; visTvis odnav vrclad: eqspozicia, kvanZis Sekvra, moqmedebis ganviTareba, kulminacia, kvanZis gaxsna... safexurebi misive Semqmnelis cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebaa. yovel cxovrebiseul movlenas, yovel safexurs Tavisi dramaturgia aqvs.

albaT, qmedeba daaswrebda sityvas. qmedeba Tavad moyveboda usityvod ambavs. albaT, pirveli qmedeba iqneboda cekva. magram, es Tavdapirvelad, sityvamde. axla ki sityviT daweril ambavs yveba cekva.

sityvam ki, Tavis mxriv, Seqmna litera-tura. literatura iseTi, TiTqos ar daidgmebao qoreografiulad. magram, gamoCnda adamiani, romelmac SeuZlebeli SesaZleblad aqcia _ XX-XXI saukunis qoreografi boris eifmani.

„Cems SemoqmedebaSi vcdilob gamoviwvio yvelaze Zlieri emociebi. Cemi xelovneba imdenad Rrmad Cadis adamianSi, rom samudamod rCeba masSi. adamianebi Cvens speqtaklze modian, rogorc fsiqo-Terapevtis seansze. Cven vcdilobT davangrioT meoTxe kedeli, romelsac baleti ase daJinebiT aRmarTavda. scenisa da darbazis msgavsi urTierTqmedeba arasodes yofila cekvis samyaroSi“.1

SeiZleba viRacas moswons, an ar moswons, magram, udavod, Cven winaSea ara mxolod

1 ttps://www.culture.ru/materials/126574/baletnaya-vselenna-ya-borisa-eifmana

eifmanis qoreo-dramaturgia


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qoreografi, aramed, rogorc aRiares, qoreograf-filosofosi, fsiqolog-Terapevti. marTlac, rogor SeiZleba darCe gulgrili misi Sedevrebis mimarT?! es ar aris miTologiur siuJetebze an zRaprul legendebze agebuli baletebi, rogorsac Cven miCveuli varT. es ar aris saukunovani istoriis mqone orTodoqsuli sabaleto speqtaklebi, romlebic arasodes icvleba da romlebSic aTwleulebi ar Canan damdgmelTa axali saxeebi. es aris axali baleti! klasikur literaturaze agebuli, romlis araTu qoreografiuli xorcSesxma, aramed wakiTxvac rTulia. „me minda, rom roca adamiani naxavs Cems balets, wavides da waikiTxos wigni!“. 2

qoreografiis sinkretizmi saSualebas gvaZlevs davinaxoT samyaroTa gadakveTis gzebi. es ori didi samyaroa _ literatura da musika. zogjer asec xdeba: „me movismine musika, romelmac provocireba moaxdina Semeqmna qoreografia. me sulSi araferi gamaCnda opoziciuri, mxolod siyvaruli am musikisadmi da survili _ am musikaze damedga baleti“.3 _ anu, jer musikis samyaro iSleba da amiT gamowveuli emocia qmnis cekvas. SeiZleba sxvagvaradac moxdes: trialebs Tema! trialebs, trialebs, meoTxe ganzomilebaSi ukve dabadebulia moZraoba, magram, aklia is emocia, risi gamowvevac ZaluZs musikis yovlisSemZleobas. ici, rasac eZeb, didxans eZeb da adre Tu gvian, aucileblad poulob.

boris eifmanis sabaleto dasi Seiqmna 1977 wels. maSin, rodesac dasavluri musika anti-xelovnebasTan iyo gaigivebuli da mkacrad idevneboda. is ki, riskis, SeiZleba SemoqmedebiTi, sikvdil-sicocxlis fasad, amgvar musikas acocxlebda Tavis speqtaklebSi. imitom rom, misi qoreoena moiTxovda SeuzRudaobas. da isic dgamda iseT balets, romelic dRes axal baletadaa aRiarebuli. diax! wina saukunis 1977 wlis-droindeli eifmaniseuli baleti dRes axali baletia! imitom, rom imTaviTve, im drosve ar hgavda sxvas, akeTebda naxtomebs win. gadaaswro saukuniT da, dReis amas iqiT kidev saukunes, Tu mets ara, gaivlis „axali baletis“ saxeliT.2 https://www.culture.ru/materials/126574/baletnaya-vselennaya-borisa-eifman3 https://www.culture.ru/materials/126574/baletnaya-vselennaya-borisa-eifmana

Tema, musika da moZraoba. samive erTs emorCileba _ eifmaniseul dramaturgias. marTalia, dasSi, rogorc Tavad yveba, Tavidan ar hyavda Tanamoazreebi, magram dRes, es udavoa. SemsrulebelTa idealuri sxeulebis xazebi, maT mier Sesisxlxorcebuli rolebi, Sesrulebis umaRlesi teqnika. am balets ver icekvebs baletis mocekvave. amas icekvebs mxolod eifmanis baletis mocekvave.

kostiumebisa da dekoraciis genialuri minimalizmi. es is dekoraciebi araa, romlebSic ikargeba gmiri, romelTa yofna-aryofna sakiTxavic aRaraa. yvelaferi es maSin. axla ki sivrce. sivrce, romelic ivseba gmirebiT. sivrce, romelSic dekoracias Tavisi sityva eTqmis. mizanscenaSi, sadac Suqi ecema zemodan qvemoT, darbis patara biWi dedis garSemo da TamaSobs elmavaliT... sameuli: deda, Svili, elmavali... baleti „ana karenina“. ra aris amaze metad metyveli? qoreografiuli dramaturgia? ar SeiZleba qoreografiul dramaturgiaze isaubro da ar daiwyo eifmanis SemoqmedebiT da misiTve ar daamTavro. naxazi, moZraoba, mizanscena... naxazi, moZraoba, mizanscena... isev da isev... dramaturgia aq unda movikiTxoT. naxazis dramaturgia? anas matareblis qveS Sevardna mxolod naxazis dramaturgia ki ara, cxovrebis dramaturgiaa. ai is, saidanac daviwyeT...

luba naWyebia

qoreografiuli specialobis magistranti

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godo dRes ar mova

semuel beketi (1906-1989) iyo pirveli absurdisti, romelmac saerTaSoriso dideba moipova piesiT „godos molodinSi“. piesam 1953 wels absurds, rogorc mimdinareobas, pirvelad moutana warmateba, rogorc safrangeTSi, aseve mTel msoflioSi.

warmoSobiT irlandieli beketi, pirvelad parizSi 1920-ian wlebSi Cadis da 1938 wlidan iq saxldeba. wera 1930 wlidan daiwyo, Tumca meore msoflio omamde, arc erTi piesa ar dauweria. beketis personaJebic xom xSirad mogvagoneben im adamianebs, romlebic omiTa da uimedobiT gapartaxebul samyaroSi dasaxldnen, sadac raRac Zala xels uSlis adamianis gadarCenas. mwerali ar ganixilavs adamians, rogorc politikur an socialur arsebas, igi mas drosa da sivrceSi hyavs momwyvdeuli, sadac isini tanjaven da Svebas hgvrian rogorc sakuTar Tavebs, aseve erTmaneTs. isini svamen kiTxvebs, romlebzec pasuxis gacema, praqtikulad, SeuZlebelia da konfliqtSi Sedian samyarosTan, romelic maT dezintegracias axdens. SesaZloa, beketma sxva mwerlebTan SedarebiT, yvelaze ukeT gadmosca omisSemdgomi adamianis yofa dedamiwaze, sadac dro gaCerda.

2001 wels proeqtis _ „beketi filmSi“_ farglebSi, gamovida semuel beketis piesis „godos molodinSi“ ekranizacia. filmis

reJisori gaxlavT maikl linci-hogi (Michael Lindsay-Hogg). garemo, romelSic SevyavarT reJisors, Zalian avtoriseulia: Tavisufali sivrce, burusiT moculi ruxi ca, patara, Tanabrad ruxi namsxvrevebiT Sekowiwebuli mTebi da biliki, romelic migviZRvis Seucvlel da aucilebel dekoraciul elementamde _ xemde. irlandieli msaxiobebi: beri makgoverni, rogorc vladimiri, da joni merfi, rogorc estragoni, kvlav gaiTamaSeben tragikomedias (rogorc beketi uwodebda) mayureblisTvis (oRond amjerad _ kinomayureblisTvis).

pirveli kadri _ fexsacmeli. estragoni (gogo) cdilobs, rogorRac gaiZros fexsacmeli da ise itanjeba am procesSi, rom pirvelive sityvebi, rac aRmoxdeba, gacilebiT Rrma da Sinaarsiania, vidre mocemul situacias Seesabameba: „xsna ar aris!“ (Nothing to be done). es ar aris ubralo Widili estragonsa da Ceqmas Soris, es gacilebiT seriozuli da Zveli konfliqtia adamiansa da samyaros Soris. Semdegi kadri ukve estragonis (didi) fexsacmelebia da Semdeg TviTon igi. didis fexsacmelebi gansxvavdeba gogos fexsacmelebisgan da erTgvar miniSnebas gvaZlevs personaJze. estragoni sivrces


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gahyurebs, rodesac tanjviT daRlili megobari (?) Semobrundeba. is adasturebs, rom nel-nela ijerebs mis mosazrebas,_ SeuZlebelia moqmedeba _ garemo, sadac isini imyofebian, mTlianad statikuria. amis Semdeg vxdebiT monawile im filosofiuri kamaTisa, Cveni mawanwalebi rom iwyeben. isini ZiriTadad zogadi xasiaTis msjelobiT arian dakavebulebi da xandaxan Zalian sevdian, damafiqrebel da mtkivneul azrebsac wamoisvrian. maTi mdgomareoba marTlac sevdiania, uimedo. aq vigebT, rom elian vinme godos, romelic arc ki viciT arsebobs Tu ara, an saerTod uarsebia ki odesme?

pirvelive moqmedebaSi vecnobiT kidev erT wyvils, ukve nacnobi wyvilisgan arsebiTad gansxvavebuls. diqtatori poco bawriT moaTrevs msaxurs, saxelad _ lakis. alan stenfordi pocos roliT qmnis personaJs _ diqtators, batons, romelsac Seucvnia Tavisi Zala da sruliad umweo lakize (stefen brenani) axdens sakuTari Zalis demonstrirebas. Tavidanve gaugebaria am ori personaJis urTierToba. vin arian isini erTmaneTisTvis, an ratom Zaladobs erTi meoreze da ratom aZlevs es ukanaskneli amis uflebas? pirvelsave scenaSi vecnobiT biWsac (sem makgoverni), romelsac informacia moaqvs godos Sesaxeb, is macnea... _ `verc dRes moaxerxebs mosvlas~. yvela logikis Tanaxmad, gmirebma moqmedebis adgili unda datovon _ is xom ar mova. Tumca, Cven absurdis dramaSi varT da amitom „isini adgilidan ar iZvrian“.

scenis sicariele, mwiri da simboloebiT datvirTuli rekviziti (qudebi, Ceqmebi, stafilo, Toki da xe) jamSi saocrad tragikul garemos qmnis ori adamianisTvis, romelTa samoqmedo sivrcec SezRudulia. SezRudulia maTi nebac _ gaakeTon arCevani. filmSi warmosaxviTi da realuri Tanabrad erwymis erTmaneTs. mag., biWis Semosvlis scenebi, _ realuria? Tu es mxolod

estragonis warmosaxvis nawilia, radgan mas xom mxolod estragoni esaubreba. filmis ganmavlobaSi Cven ver vigebT am personaJebis vinaobas, vin arian isini. maTi warsuli da maTi yofa aq aris _ axla, am mocemulobaSi. beketis minimalizmamde dayvanili informacia da gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebi ar gvitovebs sxva gzas garda imisa, rom vifiqroT im pasuxgaucemel kiTxvebze, ase uxvad rom aris mimobneuli mTel piesaSi.

beketma kidev erTxel Segvaxsena, rom RmerTi mkvdaria, adamianis saSveli ar aris, Cven ganwirulebi varT molodinisTvis. filmi naTlad gvaCvenebs adamianis umweobas, mogviTxrobs sisastikeze, romelic aRar ukvirs or msoflio omgamovlil kacobriobas. riTi gaakvirveb mas? pocos sisastikiT? Tumca beketi meore nawilSi ukve sul sxva suraTs gviCvenebs _ dabrmavebul da lakize damokidebul pocos, umweo msxverpli ki Tavis ucvlel ampluaSi rCeba. meored maTi Semosvlis scena friad STambeWdavad aqvs warmodgenili reJisors _ kadri zedxediT da oTxive pesonaJisgan Seqmnili jvarcma. ori jvarcmuli avazaki. wonasworobis idea kidevac gansazRvravs piesis stils _ komikuri da tragikuli, realuri da iluzoruli. reJisorma SeinarCuna is Riaoba, rac piesisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli da misi interpretacia SegviZlia rogorc religiuri (bibliuri), aseve socialur-politikuri xaziTac. gaxunebuli Ceqmebi da uimedo molodini, qudebiT umizno Jonglioroba, TiTqos, amiT rame Seicvleba, TiTqos, isini sxvad iqcevian. sinamdvileSi ki, droSi erTidaimaves gameorebiT klaven dros, romelic ar iZvris, romelsac sikvdilic ki ar moaqvs.

vfiqrob, maikl linci-hogma, ara-Cveulebrivi samsaxiobo duetebiT kidev erTxel dagvafiqra Cveni yofis absurdulobaze da uimedod gvacdevina

godosTvis 2 saaTi, romelic dRes ar mova!

ana kvinikaZeTeatrmcodneobis

specialobis magistranti

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,,qarTuli Teatraluri enciklopedia~gagrZeleba. ix. wina nomrebi (#5, 31.V., #6, 30.VI., #8, 31.X., #9,30.XI., .#10,27.XII.2017;

#1, 30.I.2018)

anTaZe manana akakis as. (28. VIII. 1945, Tbilisi) – mTargmneli, Teatraluri moRvawe. q. domremis (safr.) sapatio moqalaqe (2002), 2009 miiRo kembrijis universitetis sertifikati Ta-namedrove britanul litera-turaSi da Seqspiris Teatr ,,globusisa~ – Seqspiris teqstis interpretaciasa da TargmanSi;

maCablis prem. l-ti (2015).1967 daamTavra Tsu das. evropis enebisa da

lit. f-ti mxat. Targmanis specialobiT. 1981-dan aris m. TumaniSvilis kinomsaxiobTa T-ris lit. nawilis xel-li, agreTve damfuZnebeli ,,STUDIA PRODUCTIONS~-isa r. sturuasa da g. TevzaZesTan erTad (2012).

a-is mier Targmnili piesebi dadges: T. CxeiZem (iujin o’ nilis ,,siyvaruli TelebqveS~, rusTavelis T-ri, 1978), m. TumaniSvilma (molieris ,,don Juani~, TumaniSvilis T-ri, 1981), g. margvelaSvilma (Cexovis ,,alublis baRi~, iqve, 2005), d. doiaSvilma (Seqspiris ,,makbeTi~, Tbil. muskomediis T-ri, 2009), r. sturuam (t. maknelis ,,maria kalasi~, Teatri-fabrika, 2013), q. doliZem (t. uiliamsis ,,tramvai – survili~, TumaniSvilis T-ri, 2015) da sxv.

Txz.: wignebad gamoica a-s Targmanebi: i. stounis ,,wyurvili sicocxlisa~ (1974), h. uelsis ,,ruseTi wyvdiadSi~ (1978), C. p. snous ,,Jami imedisa~ (1980), e. olbis eqsistenciuri intuicia, kr. ,,Tanamedrove dasavluri drama~ (1989), joan roulingis ,,hari poteri da filosofiuri qva~ (2002), Seqspiris ,,makbeTi~ (2009), t. uiliamsis ,,kamino rial~ (2010), t. maknelis ,,master klasi~ (2012), Seqspiris `tragediebi~ tomi I (2017) da sxv.

lit.: S a v o s t y a n o v a M., Georgian translator takes Cambridge by storm, newspaper ,,Georgia Today~, 25. IX. 2005; o C i a u r i l., qarTul Teatrs, siyvaruliT m. TumaniSvilis saxelobis Teatraluri xelovnebis ganviTarebis fondisgan, g. ,,qarTuli Teatris dRe~, 14. I. 2010.

g. d.

aragvispireli (namdvili gvari – dedabriSvili) Sio zaqarias Ze [4 (16). XII. 1867, sof. TandilaanTkari (qaisxevi), axlandeli duSeTis r-ni – 2. I. 1926, Tbilisi], – mwerali.

1883-dan swavlobda Tbil. sas. seminariaSi, 1890 – 95 – varSavis sabeiTlo in-tSi. poloneTSi

yofnisas aqtiurad CaerTo iqaur qarTvel studentTa ,,saqarTvelos ganTavisuflebis ligaSi~, ris gamoc daapatimres, 9 Tve dayo jer varSavis, Semdeg quTaisis cixeSi. 1895 daamTavra instituti da specialobiT, anu, beiTlad daiwyo muSaoba. ,,a-ma qarTul mwerlobaSi Semoitana da daamkvidra prozuli Janris mcire formebi – fsiqol. novela, etiudi, eskizi, suraTi, misi nawarmoebebi axali safexuri iyo qarT. prozaSi ara marto formiT, aramed ideurad da Tematuradac~ (s. Wilaia). a. avtoria agreTve piesebisa (,,koka yovelTvis wyals ver zidavs~, ,,Sio Tavadi~.

a-is nawarmoebebis mixedviT gadaRebulia moklemetraJiani qarT. mxat. f-bi: ,,giuli~ (1927, reJ-bi: n. Sengelaia da l. puSi) da ,,Rvinis qurdebi~ (1975, reJ. v. kvaWaZe).

sakmaod gvian, magram 2005 scenaze mainc gamoCdnen a-is gmirebi – es pativi wilad xvda sruliad axlabeda

reJisors – goga TavaZes (T. CxeiZis sax-no). samefo ubnis T-rSi man sakuTari inscenirebiTa da musikaluri gaformebiTac (mxat. a. kalatoziSvili) didi warmatebiT warmoadgina speqtakli ,,giulihh..!~ (a-is TiTqmis amave sax-bis novelis mixedviT) presaSi gamoiTqva kidec azri, rom ,,dRes, rodesac

reJ. g. TavaZe

`giulihh!..~


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qarTuli sinamdvilidan... saxelmwifo ideologiidan erovnulobis gandevna xdeba, albaT, SemTxveviT araa, rom qarTuli Teatri qarTul klasikas... ubrundeba... scenaze cocxldeba is, rac yovelTvis pirveladi iyo...~ (l. oCiauri). iqve imis ganWvretac moxda, rom es speqtakli albaT, TavisTavadi, araordinaluri gadawyvetilebidan gamomdinare am sezonis Teatralur movlenad iqcevao.

moxda ise, rom speqtaklma marjaniSvilis TeatrSi gadainacvla TiTqmis ucvleli SemadgenlobiT (prem 2. XII. 2010), riTac am niWier dadgmas, damsaxurebisamebr, kidev ufro meti asparezi mieca.

Txz: TxzulebaTa sr. kr., t. 1-2, Tb., 1947.lit: W i l a i a s., uaxloesi qarTuli mwerloba, Tb.,

1972; a r v e l a Z e n., SeWirvebuli wamisyofa, g. ,,Tb~, 10. I. 2006; o C i a u r i l., Ralatis naperwkali ukve gaRvivda, J. ,,Cveni mwerloba~, 3. III. 2006, №5.

l. C.

________________ * * * __________________

ardaziani lavrenti petres Ze [1815, Tbilisi – 1 (13). I. 1870, iqve] – mwerali, kritikuli realizmis erT-erTi fuZemdebeli saqarTveloSi.

1837 daamTavra Tbil. sasuliero seminaria. mravali weli imuSava saxelmw. samsaxurSi. mxolod 43 wlis asakSi Sedga misi lit.

debiuti, roca 1858 Jur. ,,ciskarSi~ gamoaqveyna Seqspiris ,,hamletis~ prozauli Targmani da gaxda kidec am Jurnalis aqtiuri TanamSromeli. a-is kalams mravali saintereso nawarmoebi ekuTvnis, magram, umTavresad, igi cnobilia, rogorc avtori SesaniSnavi romanisa ,,solomon isakiC mejRanuaSvili~ (1861), romelSic ,,damajereblad aisaxa Zveli soc. yofis ngreva da burJuaziuli urTierTobebis damkvidrebis gardauvaloba saqarTveloSi~ (d. gamezardaSvili). swored am udavo RirebulebaTa gamo, es romani araerTxel dadgmula qarTul scenaze (marjaniSvilis T-ri, 1940, reJ. v. tabliaSvili, mT. rolSi – S. RambaSiZe; metexis T-ri, 1990, reJ. s. mrevliSvili, mT. rolSi – g. gegeWkori, saq. TV, reJ. m. imedaZe, mT. rolSi – g. gegeWkori. muskomedia, 1982, komp. v. azaraSvili, reJ. v. nikolaZe, mT. rolSi – g. vasaZe.

lit.: a b u l a Z e g., ,,solomon isakiC mejRanuaSvili~ marjaniSvilis TeatrSi, g. ,,komunisti~, 15. XI. 1940; a s t v a c a g u r o v i (qareliSvili) e., solomon isakiC mejRanuaSvili, g. ,,ls~, 28. XI. 1940; n u c u b i Z e g., ,,solomon isakiC mejRanuaSvili~ marjaniSvilis TeatrSi, J. ,,sx~, 1940, №11; g a m e z a r d a S v i l i d., narkvevebi qarTuli realizmis istoriidan, 1953, Tb., t. 1; m e l u x a d., axali scenuri sicocxle (,,solomon isakiC mejRanuaSvili~ v. abaSiZis sax. mus. TeatrSi), g., ,,Tb~, 14. I. 1983; t a b l i a S v i l i v., reJisoris mogonebebi, Tb., 1976.

l. C.

axvlediani elene dimitris as. [5. (18). IV. 1901, Telavi _ 30. XII. 1975, Tbilisi] _Ffermweri, grafikosi, Teatrisa da kinos mxatvari, saq. sax. mxat. (1960), rusTavelis sax. saxelmw. pr. l-ti (1971).

1922 swavlobda Tsa (prof. g. gabaSvilis jg.). imave wels

sazRvargareT miavlines swavlis gasagrZeleblad (italia, 1922-24, Semdeg parizis kolarosis Tavisufal akademiaSi, 1924-27).

saqarTveloSi dabrunebisTanave (1927) misi yuradReba miipyro k. marjaniSvilma, romlis iniciativiTac daiwyo kidec a-is uaRresad xangrZlivi da nayofieri scenografiuli moRvaweoba. sul marjaniSvilis TeatrSi 1928–63 ganaxorciela 29 speqtakli, maT Soris: 1928–29 w. sezonSi – kalaZis ,,rogor?~ da 1930–31 ,,xatije~, 1929–30 Sengelaias ,,TeTrebi~, 1930–31 kakabaZis ,,yvaryvare TuTaberi~ da oleSas `sami bRenZi~, 1932 – 33 Seqspiris ,,otelo~ da antonovis ,,mzis dabneleba saqarTveloSi~ (yvelas damdgmeli – marjaniSvili), 1939–40 dadianis ,,Catexili xidi~ da 1944 – 45 samsonias ,,bagrationi~ (orives reJ. yuSitaSvili), 1951–51 goldonis ,,sastumros diasaxlisi~ (reJ. g. lorTqifaniZe), 1955–56 Sous ,,pigmalioni~ (reJ. l. ioseliani);

rusTavelis T-rSi: 1944–45 a. ostrovskis – ,,zogjer brZenic Secdeba~ da kalaZis ,,erTi Ramis komedia~ (orives reJ. d. aleqsiZe);

TobT (Tb. opera) 1942–43 faliaSvilis opera ,,abesalom da eTeri~ da 1943–44 ofenbaxis opera ,,hofmanis zRaprebi~ (orives reJ. m. kvaliaSvili);

mozardSi: 1929–30 a. bruSteinis ,,biZia Tomas qoxi~ (reJ. m. vaxi), 1931–32 m. kronis ,,SaSxana~ (reJ. a. TayaiSvili), 1933–34 a. bondis ,,gamomgoneblebi~ (reJ. s. WeliZe);

madli a-is scenografiuli moRvaweobisa saqarTvelos sxva qalaqebsac da ucxoeTsac miswvda: foTi (aq 5 speqtakli ganaxorciela: 1938–39 kakabaZis ,,kolmeurnis qorwineba~, reJ. T.

`sami bRenZi~

8


9 gv.

Ramis qvewarmavali

saxelmwifoSi meoTxe xelisufali Tavisufali mediaa. gansxvavebiT sxva yvela Zalauflebis centrisgan, misi verc monitoringi xorcieldeba didad, verc regulaciebi zRudaven da internetis pirobebSi, diqtaturul reJimebsac ki, ukve Zalian uWirT misi gakontroleba.

satelevizio, beWdviTi da gansakuTrebiT, socialuri mediasaSualebebi kidev da kidev ufro Zlierdebian da scdebian maTTvis dadgenil istoriul, fermkrTal, magram mainc, sazRvrebs. magaliTad, gamoxatvis Tavisufleba rom erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi da fundamenturi uflebaa, amas mec calsaxad veTanxmebi, magram aris Tu ara is adamianebis moraluri Rirsebebis, an personalur monacemTa dacvaze mniSvnelovani, albaT, ubralo adamianebi miviCnevT, rom _ ara. magram aden gilrois „Ramis qvewarmavalSi“ jeik jilenholis personaJi ramdenad aris ubralo adamiani, an saerTod adamiani, es sakiTxavia. Tu adamiania, ueWvelad evoluciis sxva etapze. Tavad filmic adamianuri evoluciis axal etapze gviyveba.

mokled, ̀ Ramis qvewarmavali~ mogviTxrobs samsaxuris maZebari biWis istoriaze, romelic yvelaferze wamsvlelia sakuTari miznis misaRwevad. mravalTa saubedurod, erT-erTi aseTi RamiT xetialisas anu

samsaxuris Zebnisas aRmoaCens profesias „stringeri“. maTi movaleobaa iyvnen mediis jariskacebi frontze. aRmoaCinon da yvelaze male mividnen SemTxvevis adgilze, rom gadaiRon siuJeti da mihyidon sainformacio gamoSvebebs. mTavari gmiri, romelic ufro antagonistia, vidre protagonisti, swraf tempebSi iwyebs bazris aTvisebas. filmis ganmavlobaSi jilenholis personaJs, luiss, axal ̀ levelze~ ahyavs cnobili gamonaTqvami _ `mizani amarTlebs saSualebas~ da filmis dasasrulSi mravali codviT savse, mainc mSvidi da Tavdajerebuli gamometyvelebiT, ucqeris Tavis gamarjvebas.

ai, Tu davfiqrdebiT, jekis gmiri, erTi mxriv, Tanamedrove mediabiznesis saxea _ rogorc yvelaferze wamsvleli, siyalbeze, velur konkurenciasa da sxvis ubedurebaze agebuli Zalauflebis simbolo da, meore mxriv, Tanamedrove adamianis, gabatonebuli onlainteqnologiebis produqtis analogi, romelic sakuTar ocnebas damonebuli cdilobs aaSenos sakuTari imperia, sxvisi ubedurebis xarjze.

filmis vizuali, tempebi, garemo aseve Zalian kargad asaxavs dRevandeli adamianis bunebis am wvrilmanebs. naTlad aris warmoCenili martoobisa da egoizmis samyaro, sadac yvela urTierToba, megobroba, seqsi, siyvaruli da ase Semdeg, saqmian interesebsa da


9


8 gv.

10 gv.

urTierTgamoyenebazea dafuZnebuli. Tavis mxriv, es yvelaferi kapitalizmisa da moTxovna-miwodebis principis cxovrebiseul fundamentad qcevis kritikacaa.

Cemi azriT, luis blumis saxiT, Cven kinos istoriaSi erT-erTi yvelaze seriozulad „SeSlili“ gmiris saxe vixileT, romelic arafriT Camouvardeba Tundac mis reCids `gugulis budidan~ da ganumeorebel emis „gauCinarebuli qalidan“. jeik jilenholis ubadlo Sesruleba yovelive Tqmuls ormag silamazes sZens da sabolood viRebT Zalian daxvewil kinos.

ar minda gamomrCes isev da isev poli-tikuri Sinaarsi, romelzec ara erTi aqcentia filmSi. am yvelafers saukeTesod

warmoaCens “devnis” scena. kriminali, romelsac misdevs policia, rogorc saxelmwifo, da maT orives erTad misdevs mediasaSualeba, romelic ukve ara mxolod afasebs an akvirdeba procesebs, aramed ereva masSi da iseT mimarTulebas aZlevs, rogoric mas surs.

piradad CemTvis, „Ramis qvewarmavali“ mediaze gadaRebuli sakulto filmia. TviTon istoria ki iseTive subieqturi, rogorc Tavad media. amitom, Tqvenzea damokidebuli, rogor aRiqvamT da gaiazrebT zRvars Jurnalistikasa da kriminals Soris.

giga beqauri

kinomceodneobis studenti

mixael hanekes Semoqmedeba adamianTa egos rom ver daamSvidebs, faqtia. piriqiT, igi bolomde aSiSvlebs personaJebs, imdenad, rom am procesis yurebisas, mayurebeli uxerxulad grZnobs Tavs. avstriam ara erTxel Sva iseTi adamianebi, romlebmac sakuTari SemoqmedebiT `mamxileblis~ funqcia swored sakuTar Tavze aiRes _ iqneba es haneke, froidi Tu ielineki. mixail hanekem mayureblis sindisTan saTamaSod ekranuli sivrce airCia. mis filmebSi yovelTvis vxvdebiT maRal socialur fenas, romelTa erTaderT problemas maRaziaSi gasayidad gamotanili arajansaRi sakvebi SeiZleba warmoadgendes. swored aseT sazogadoebaSi aRmocenebuli ànomaliebi“ da maT mier am sazogadoebis struqturis ngreva xdeba hanekes interesis obieqti. rogorc froidi ambobda _ `rac ufro unakloa adamiani garedan, miT ufro meti demonia mis SigniT“.

`benis video“ hanekes adreuli namu-Sevaria. beni mdidari mSoblebis Svilia, romelic maTi yuradRebis naklebobas ganicdis. mSoblebi ki swored im `keTilmowyobili“ fenis wevrebi arian,

kino rogorc kaTarsisimTel Cems SemoqmedebaSi vcdilob Sevqmna dialogi, romliTac `mimRebis“ provocirebas SevZleb, vaiZuleb gamoiyenos warmosaxvis unari. me ar vambob ubralod imas, risi mosmenac `mimRebs“ unda.

ar msurs gavamxnevo misi ego, an davamSvido igi masTan daTanxmebiT. me misi provocireba unda movaxerxo, iseve seriozulad unda aRviqva igi, rogorc sakuTar Tavs aRviqvam.

mixael haneke

romelic zemoT vaxseneT. beni mTel dReebs Tavis oTaxSi videokamerasa da monitorTan atarebs da akviatebiT uyurebs Roris mokvlis videos. mogvianebiT ki Sexvdeba gogonas, romelsac saxlSi dapatiJebs da uCvenebs iaraRs, romliTac Rori mokles. Semdeg ki swored am iaraRiT klavs mas. beni mSoblebisgan adekvatur reaqcias verc maSin iRebs, rodesac mkvlelobis Sesaxeb gaigeben _ isini am àmaRelvebeli istoriis“ dafarvas Seecdebian. mkvlelobis aqti absoluturad ̀ uSedego~ gaxdeboda, rom ara filmis finaluri epizodi _ dasasruls beni Tavisi xeliT gadascems policias videos, sadac gogonas sikvdilis scenaa aRbeWdili. tradiciuli narativis mixedviT, gogonasa da biWs Soris seqsualuri kavSiri ufro bunebrivi da mosalodneli iqneboda, Tan Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rogor gviCvenebs haneke maTi Sexvedris scenas. sinamdvileSi ki beni pirveli seqsualuri gamocdilebis nacvlad, pirveli mkvlelobis gamocdi-lebas iZens. klavs gogos mxolod imitom,

10


11 gv.

rom SeuZlia. seqsualuri aqti ki Semdeg dgeba, roca beni sarkis win SiSvldeba da sxeulze sisxls isvams.

erT-erT statiaSi kritikosi matias frei, hanekes Semoqmedebis ganxilvisas, zemoxsenebul scenas did yuradRebas uTmobs da Jan bodriaris azrTan avlebs paralels, romlis mixedviTac _ `cifruli narcisi anacvlebs samkuTxa oidiposs“. kritikosis azriT, postmodernistul samyaroSi narcisis miTi is wamyvani paradigmaa, romelic ayalibebs gamocdilebas da narativs. marTlac, Tu ki im scenas gavixsenebT, sadac beni gogonas kabas usworebs da mis sxeuls faravs, am mosazrebis marTebulobasac davinaxavT. es cnobismoyvareobis ararseboba kidev ufro aSorebs mas heteroseqsualizmisgan. Tuki oidiposis miTi ganpirobebulia ideiT, rom adamiani realizdeba mxolod sxva adamianTan seqsualuri kavSiris damyarebis Sedegad, bodriariseuli narcisis miTis gadaazreba

saSualebas aZlevs benis, cifru-lad kontrolirebadi ZaladobiT da adamianebTan yovelgvari kavSiris gareSe, WeSmariti gamocdileba miiRos, romelic mis `mes~ realizaciisTvis sWirdeba. beni bavSvobis wlebidan gamodis ara seqsualuri ZaladobiT da dedis figuris CanacvlebiT, aramed potenciuri vnebis obieqtis ganadgurebiT da videosamyaroSi dabrunebiT, sadac mas absoluturi kontroli aqvs.

Zaladobis esTetikaze saubars agrZelebs haneke filmSi `gasarTobi TamaSebi“. Sesabamisad, SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom `benis videos“ mTavari personaJi aqac mkvlelad gvevlineba. Sinaarsi martivi da saSiSia.

mdidari ojaxi dasasveneblad midis tbispira sazafxulo saxlSi. ori axalgazrda, golfis tansacmelSi gamowyobili biWi, kvercxis saTxovnelad modis. Semdeg ki yovelgvari motivis gareSe, klaven _ ZaRls, bavSvs, mamas da dedas. Tumca Zaladoba filmSi bolomde arsadaa naCvenebi. reJisorma igi mianiSna `saundTrekiT“, an mkvlelebisa da

ojaxis wevrebis saxeebis CvenebiT. haneke ufro metad fokusirdeba Sedegze, vidre TviTon aqtze. hanekes es `Cveva“ _ ar aCvenos mayurebels Zaladoba _ sakmaod sainteresoa. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT mis mudmiv brZolas holivudTan, SeiZleba CavTvaloT, rom haneke cdilobs gamoasworos holivudis Secdoma, romelic ase gandidebiT aCvenebs Zaladobas. avstrieli reJisori ufro met yuradRebas aqcevs msxverplis tanjvas da xels uSlis damnaSavis nebismier fsevdofsiqologiur motivacias. igi iyenebs nel temps, raTa mayurebels fiqris saSualeba misces. filmi anti-Trileradac SeiZleba miviCnioT: aravin modis msxverplebis gadasarCenad, ar arsebobs arc SurisZiebis scenari an bednieri dasasruli.

haneke xSirad ambobs aseT frazas _ `gaaupatiuro mayurebeli gaTavisufle-bamde“ da amis misaRwevad sxvadasxva meTods


11


10 gv.

iyenebs: erT-erTi mkvleli kameras Tvals ukravs da mayurebels ekiTxeba _ ramdens dadeben imaze, rom ojaxi meore dilis 9 saaTisTvis mkvdari iqneba. filmi iseve gveTamaSeba, rogorc axalgazrdebi eTamaSebian TavianT msxverplebs. mkvleli poli xsnis kidec, Tu ratom ar SeuZlia Sewyvitos Zaladoba _ `Cven isev srulmetraJiani filmis qronometraJis gavlenis qveS vimyofebiT~, _ ambobs is. mayurebelTan TamaSi kulminacias maSin aRwevs, roca erT-erTi personaJi, movlenebis Sesacvlelad, films gadaaxvevs. haneke erT-erT interviuSi pirdapir ambobs, rom `gasarTobi TamaSebis“ mizani mayureblis provo-cireba iyo da man es mSvenivrad moaxerxa.

`fsiqoanalizis ZiriTadi winamZRvaria fsiqikurSi cnobierisa da aracnobieris gansxvaveba, da mxolod is aZlevs mas SesaZleblobas, gavigoT sulier cxovrebaSi xSiri da mniSvnelovani paTologiuri procesebi da mecnierulad SeviswavloT isini“. froidi amas 1923 wels wers. wlebis Semdeg ki, hanekes ekranze gadmoaqvs es paTologiuri procesebi.

iSviaTia kinoreJisori, romelsac ase siRrmiseulad eqneba gaazrebuli adamianis yvelaze faruli, aracnobierSi daleqili survilebi, motivebi. filosofiisa da fsiqologiis Zireulma codnam hanekes saSualeba misca Seeqmna personaJebi, romelTa nebismieri qcevis ukan ufro didi da saSiSi ram imaleba.

nino TaraSvili

CvenSi imdenive borotebaa, ramdenic sikeTe. Cven ganuwyvetliv damnaSaveni

varT, Tundac boroteba winaswar ganzraxuli ar gvqondes.

mixael haneke

12


7 gv.

gamomcemloba `kentavri~, aRmaSeneblis gamz. 40; tel: 294 37 28; www. tafu.edu.ge

lorTqifaniZe,Eimave sezonSi – meiosa da enekenis ,,biWuna~, reJ. b. gamrekeli), soxumi (1940–41 a. wereTlis ,,patara qoxi~ (reJ. b. svani) da 1942–43 g. gulias ,,gmiris kldekari~, reJ. g. gabunia); Telavi (1948–49 mosaSvilis ,,CaZiruli qvebi~, reJ. g. gabunia da hiugos ,,anjelo~ (reJ. n. xatiskaci);

òtelo~

`bal-maskaradi~

WiaTura (1939–40 a. wereTlis ,,patara kaxi~, reJ. g. gordaZeE); baTumi (1947–48 j. gousa da a. diusos ,,Rrma fesvebi~, reJ. g. mravlaZe); quTaisi (1947–48 i. mosaSvilis ,,sadguris ufrosi~ (reJ. d. anTaZe); moskovi (1957–58 j. pristlis ,,saxifaTo Semobruneba~ da k. arniCesis ,,WeSmariti mamakaci~, orives reJ. s. guSanski; leningradi (1957–58 t. xrenikovis opera ,,deda~, reJ. l. varpaxovski), kievi (1955–56 verdis ,,bal-maskardi~, 1956–57 kasonas ,,xeebi zezeulad kvdebian~, reJ. l. varpaxovski), xarkovi (1956–57 mdivnis ,,samSoblo~, reJ. m. voronovi)...

sul a-is scenografiiT ganxorcielda 72 speqtakli. aseve zustadaa aRricxuli dekoraciaTa eskizebi misi 5 ganuxorcielebeli dadgmisa: bizes ,,karmeni~, kalmanis ,,silva~, m. gogiaSvilisa da g. berZeniSvilis ,,baron oskar branderi~, g. naxucriSvilis ,,lado kecxoveli~ da ,,qariylapias brZanebiT~, romelic reJ. n. marSaks unda daedga Tbilisis Tojinebis rusul TeatrSi.lit: Г у г у ш в и л и Е., Д ж а н е л и д з е Д., Грузинский гос. драм. театр им. К. Марджанишвили, Тб., 1959; ,,ТЭ~, М., 1961, Т. 1; elene axvlediani, katalogi, Tb., 1965; u r u S a Z e n., elene axvlediani TeatrSi. Tb., 1968; misive – ,,elene axvlediani~, Tb., 1970; ,,qse~, 1977, t. 2; enc. ,,saq-lo~, 1997, t. 1.

g. d.

SemCneuli Secdomebis gasworeba – III

,,durujis~ wina nomerSi (gv. 2, sv. I, abz. III) ,,mirangulas~ avtoris gvari unda iyos ara ,,CitiSvili~, aramed – ,,CitaiSvili~, amasTan, pirvelsave gverdze speqtaklebis saxelwodebebi (alublis baRi, ana frankis dRiuri) unda iyos brWyalebSi.

aseve, 10 gv., II sv., II st.: s. axmetelis mamis saxelia ara ,,vardeni~, aramed ,,vasili~, imave svetis boloswina st. ki unda ikiTxebodes – ,,robaqiZis lamara~.

yovelive amis gamo bodiSs vixdiT mkiTxvelis winaSe – red.

statiebis avtorebi:

(inicialebis anbanuri TanmimdevrobiT)

g. d. – gogi doliZe, xelovnebaTmcodneobis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori. l. C. – laSa CxartiSvili, xelovnebaTmcodneobis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori.

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godo dRes ar mova ,,qarTuli Teatraluri enciklopedia~