(gramatikuli analizi, teqstebi, leqsikoni) ena.pdfssss. jajjaajanannaanaSiaSia, romelsac 1937 w-dan Seenacvla qqq. lomlomTaTTaaTaTiTTiiTiZeZZeeZe. q. lomTaTiZem aRzarda afxazuri enis

nanananana mana mana mana maWaWaWaWavavavavaririririaaaanininini

babababaTuTuTuTumel afxazmel afxazmel afxazmel afxazTa meTa meTa meTa metyvetyvetyvetyvelelelelebabababa

(gramatikuli analizi, teqstebi, leqsikoni)

Tbilisi

2010

3

s a r C e v is a r C e v is a r C e v is a r C e v i

Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

samecniero literaturis mimoxilva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

mokle gramatikuli mimoxilva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

fonetika . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

morfologia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

arsebiTi saxeli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

nacvalsaxeli (ganxilulia sintaqsi I-Si) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

zedsarTavi saxeli (ganxilulia sintaqsi I-Si) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

ricxviTi saxeli (ganxilulia sintaqsi I-Si) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

baTumel afxazTa metyvelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebani

arsebiTi saxelis morfologiur-semasiologiuri zogierTi kategoriis

warmoebisas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46

zmna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

piris, klasisa da ricxvis kategoria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

warmoqmnis kategoriebi: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

qcevis kategoria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

potencialisis kategoria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

uneburobis kategoria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

kauzativis kategoria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

saurTierTo kategoria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

saTanado kategoria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88


zmnis morfologiuri zogierTi kategoriis warmoebisas . . . . . . . .

90

4

uRlebis kategoriebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

masdari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

statikuroba-dinamikuroba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

statikuri zmnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

dinamikuri zmnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

zmnis finituri da infinituri formebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

sagaremoebo elementian zmnaTa infinituri warmoeba . . . . . . . . . . . 95

samimarTebo prefiqsiani infinituri warmoeba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

dro-kiloTa sistema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

statikuri zmnis nakvTebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

dinamikuri zmnis nakvTebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

kilos kategoria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

absolutivi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

kiTxviTi forma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

zmnis uaryofiTi formebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

mimReoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112


zmnis uRlebis kategoriaTa warmoebisas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

114

zmnisarTi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Tandebuli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

kavSiri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

nawilaki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Sorisdebuli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

sintaqsi I, saxeluri Sesityvebis (atributuli sintagmis) analizi . . 130

nacvalsaxeli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

5

zedsarTavi saxeli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

ricxviTi saxeli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139


saxeluri Sesityvebis warmoebisas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

145

sintaqsi II, predikatuli sintagma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

teqstebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

leqsikoni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

gamoyenebuli literatura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

7

S e s a v a l iS e s a v a l iS e s a v a l iS e s a v a l i

mTis kavkasiur enebi, romlebic saqarTveloSia gavrcelebuli, iberiul-kavkasi-

ur enaTa ojaxis sxvadasxva jgufs warmoadgenen (maTgan erTi afxazur-adiRur enaTa

jgufs miekuTvneba, ori _ naxur enaTa jgufs, sami _ daRestnur enaTa jgufs). am

enobriv erTeulTa Seswavlis mdgomareoba sxvadasxvagvaria, magram yvela maTganTan

dakavSirebiT ukve damuSavebuli sakiTxebis axleburi gaazrebisa da naklebad Se-

swavlili sakiTxebis kvlevis aucilebloba sagrZnobia, rac naTlad gamoCnda qvemoT

warmodgenili samecniero literaturis kritikuli analizis Sedegad. proeqtis mi-

zanic is aris, rom arsebuli miRwevebis gaTvaliswinebiT da axali masalis moxmobis

safuZvelze, ukeT warmoCndes saanalizo enobriv sistemaTa ZiriTadi Taviseburebani,

amave dros, saTanado metyvelebis fiqsaciac moxdes, raTa momaval Taobebs Semovu-

naxoT saintereso enobrivi masala.

8

sasasasamecmecmecmecninininieeeero liro liro liro liteteteterarararatutututuris ris ris ris mimoxilvamimoxilvamimoxilvamimoxilva

afxazuri ena Sedis iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa afxazur-Cerqezul enaTa ojaxSi.

am jgufSi afxazuris garda gaerTianebulia abazuri, yabardouli, adiReuri da ubi-

xuri enebi.

afxazur enaze molaparake afxazebi cxovroben saqarTveloSi, afxazeTis avto-

nomiur respublikaSi, mcire jgufi cxovrobs aWaraSi (baTumsa da mis mimdebare

soflebSi).

afxazebi cxovroben aseve TurqeTSi, siriaSi, gafantulni arian postsabWoTa

qveynebSi.

afxazuri enis dialeqtebia abJuuri da bzifuri. abJuuri dialeqti gavrcele-

bulia oCamCiris raionSi, bzifuri dialeqti gudauTis raionSi.

afxazuri axaldamwerlobiani enaa. damwerlobis Seqmnis pirveli cda ekuTvnis

rus generals, kavkasiolog pppp. ususususlarslarslarslars (1862).

pirveli saanabno wigni gamoica 1865 w-s TbilisSi es iyo rusuli grafikis sa-

fuZvelze Sedgenili afxazuri anbani.

SemdgomSi afxazurma anbanma ramdenjerme ganicada cvlileba. rusuli grafikis

safuZvelze Sedgenili anbanis ramdenime saxeoba ixmareboda 1926 w-mde. 1926-1938

wlebSi gamoiyeneboda jer akad. nnnn. mamamamarisrisrisris mier Sedgenili e. w. analizuri anbani la-

Tinuri anbanis safuZvelze, xolo Semdeg nnnn. iaiaiaiakovkovkovkovlelelelevisvisvisvis mier laTinur grafikaze

dafuZnebuli anbani. 1938-1954 ww-Si ixmareboda qarTul grafikaze dafuZnebuli an-

bani, xolo 1954 wlidan dRemde moqmedebs isev rusuli grafikis safuZvelze Seqmni-

li anbani (gvancelaZe, 2003, 18-20).

pirveli cda afxazuri sityvebisa da frazebis Cawerisa gvxvdeba Turqi mogzau-

ris evevevevlia Celia Celia Celia Celelelelebbbbisisisis CanawerebSi (XVIII), agreTve frangi mogzauris JanJanJanJan gagagagambasmbasmbasmbas Cana-

werebSi (XIX s.-is I nax.).

afxazuri enis pirveli mokle mecnieruli aRwera mocemulia germaneli enaT-

mecnieris gegegegeorgorgorgorg rorororozezezezenisnisnisnis naSromSi "Ossetische Sprachlehre nebst einer Abhandlung über

9

das Mingrelische, Suanische und Abchasische", romelic berlinSi daibeWda 1846 w.-s.

afxazuri enis pirveli sruli gramatikuli aRwera ekuTvnis petpetpetpetrererere ususususlarslarslarslars,

romelsac didi Rvawli miuZRvis mravali iberiul-kavkasuri enis Seswavlis saqmeSi.

p. uslaris monografia "Этнография Кавказа. Языкознание. Абхазский язык" dRemde

afxazuri enis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes gamokvlevadaa aRiarebuli da jerac ar da-

ukargavs aqtualuroba.

afxazuri enis qarTulTan naTesaobis problemisadmia miZRvnili cnobili qar-

Tveli pedagogisa da mecnieris, petpetpetpetrererere WaWaWaWararararaiiiiasasasas gamokvleva "Об отношении абхазского

языка к яфетическим", peterbugi, 1912.

nnnn. mamamamarisrisrisris "О языке и истории абхазов", М.-Л., 1938 w.

afxazuri enis mokle gramatikuli mimoxilva ekuTvnis cnobil germanel kavkasi-

ologs adolfadolfadolfadolf didididirrrrisisisis: "Einfürung in das Studium der Kaukasischen Sprachen", laifcigi,

1928 w.

afxazuri enis fonetikisa da morfologiis mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs ganixilavda

aaaa. gengengengenkkkkoooo abazur enasTan mimarTebaSi.

warmatebiT ikvlevda afxazuri enis sakiTxebs cnobili istorikosi da enaTmec-

nieri, akad. sisisisimonmonmonmon jajajajananananaSiaSiaSiaSia.

SemdgomSi afxazuri enis Seswavlis saqme ganagrZo cnobilma qarTvelma enaT-

mecnierma, akad. qeqeqeqeTeTeTeTevanvanvanvan lomlomlomlomTaTaTaTaTiTiTiTiZemZemZemZem. afxazuri enis arc erTi cotad Tu bevrad

mniSvnelovani sakiTxi ar darCenila qeTevan lomTaTiZis yuradRebis miRma. is faq-

ti, rom afxazuri ena mTis iberiul-kavkasiur enaTagan erT-erT yvelaze ufro ukeT

Seswavlil enad iTvleba, q. lomTaTiZis mravalricxovan naSromTa Sedegia.

ucxoel mkvlevarTagan sagangebodaa aRsaniSnavi frangi kavkasiologis JorJJorJJorJJorJ

didididiuuuumemememezizizizilislislislis damsaxureba afxazuri enis kvlevis saqmeSi.

afxazur enas didi warmatebiT ikvleven afxazi enaTmecnierebic. afxazuri enis

kvleva afxazeTSi didididimitrmitrmitrmitr gugugugulilililiamamamam daiwyo, man ramdenime sayuradRebo naSromic Seq-

mna am dargSi. afxaz mkvlevarTa naSromebi exeba afxazuri enis fonetika-fonologi-

as, morfologias, sintaqss, leqsikas, leqsikografias, dialeqtologiasa da sxva kar-

dinalur sakiTxebs.

afxazuri enis gamoqveynebuli leqsikonebidan aRsaniSnavia nnnn. mamamamarisrisrisris mokle

10

àfxazur-rusuli leqsikoni", bbbb. jajajajananananaSiSiSiSiasasasas àfxazur-qarTuli leqsikoni", avtorTa

koleqtivis `rusul-afxazuri leqsikoni", àfxazuri enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni"

avtorTa koleqtivisa, romelic am enis pirvel ganmartebiT leqsikons warmoadgens.

afxazuri enis sistemur kvlevas CvenSi Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis da-

arsebisTanave mieqca yuradReba. am mizniT, akad. iviviviv. jajajajavavavavaxiSxiSxiSxiSvilsvilsvilsvils ganzraxuli hqon-

da, moewvia afxazuri enis kursis wasakiTxad p. Waraia, magram igi, samwuxarod,

gardaicvala. 1922-1924 ww-Si Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi am enis kurss ki-

Txulobda dddd. gugugugulialialialia, Semdeg ki 30-iani wlebis meore naxevramde _ akad. ssss. jajajajananananaSiaSiaSiaSia,

romelsac 1937 w-dan Seenacvla qqqq. lomlomlomlomTaTaTaTaTiTiTiTiZeZeZeZe. q. lomTaTiZem aRzarda afxazuri

enis mravali afxazi, qarTveli da ucxoeli specialisti.

ucxoeTSi afxazur enas ikvlevdnen da ikvleven gggg. dedededeeeeetertertertersisisisi, kkkk. bobobobouuuudadadada, vvvv.

alealealealenininini, aaaa. kukukukuiiiiperperperpersisisisi, kkkk. papapapariririri, gggg. SaSaSaSararararaSiSiSiSiZeZeZeZe, jjjj. hihihihiuuuuiiiititititi, aaaa. spruspruspruspruiiiititititi, vvvv. lulululukakakakasesesesenininini da

sxvani.

afxazuri enis ganviTarebis gzisa da istoriis ukeT gasaTvaliswineblad didi

mniSvneloba aqvs afxazuri enis dialeqtTa monacemebis Seswavlas. am TvalsazrisiT

sainteresoa afxazuri metyvelebis gamowulilviT Seswavla afxazeTidan geografiu-

lad mowyvetil arealebSi.

afxazuri enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli fonologiuri, morfologiuri, sintaqsuri

da leqsikuri Taviseburebani garkveulwilad gansxvavebul suraTs iZleva afxazeTs

moSorebul afxazTa metyvelebaSi.

am mxriv sainteresoa aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi mcxovreb afxazTa ena.

amJamad aWaris teritoriaze mcxovrebi afxazebi arian afxaz muhajirTa STamo-

mavlebi. gasul saukuneSi sxvadasxva istoriulma movlenebma ganapiroba maTi afxaze-

Tidan gadasaxleba TurqeTSi.

aWaris teritoriaze afxazebi dasaxldnen sxvadasxva dros, moyolebuli 1862

wlidan.

gadasaxlebul afxazTa garkveuli nawili, romelic afxazeTidan gamovida, da-

saxlda baTumsa da baTumis mimdebare teritoriaze. am faqtze miuTiTebs mravali

saarqivo masala.

afxaz emigrantTa sxva nawili, romelic ganicdida socialur da nacionalur

11

Seviwroebas TurqeTSi, cdilobda ruseTis imperiis teritoriaze dabrunebas ruse-

Tis mTavrobis nebarTvis gareSe. Tavdapirvelad, afxazebi xvdebodnen aWaraSi, rom

Semdeg afxazeTs dabrunebodnen.

XIX s-is 70-80 ww-Si baTumi gaxda gamaSualebeli punqti kavkasiasa da TurqeTs

Soris. yovelgvari nebarTvis gareSe, afxazebi jgufebad brundebodnen TurqeTidan

baTumSi.

bolos da bolos, mravali tanjvisa da Txovnis Semdeg, ruseTis mefis imperiam

afxazebs darTo neba, rom isini dabrunebuliyvnen ara afxazeTSi, aramed aWaraSi.

amis Sedegad aWaris teritoriaze Seiqmna ocze meti sofeli, romlebic dasax-

lebuli iyo afxazebiTa da Cerqezi muhajirebiT. afxazebi saxlebodnen baTumSi da

mis mimdebare teritoriebze: (feria, fezia, qveda sameba, qalTibauri, salibauri,

ijadia, axmedia, stepanovka, Suqria, luftia, qusiadia, urexi, minda, angisa, adlia,

kaxaberi) Woroxis marcxena sanapiro: (Warnali, Txilnari, nusreTi, Cerqezluqi, ya-

raSalvari).

Tavdapirvelad, afxazebi dafuZndnen zRvis piras. TandaTanobiT afxazTa didi

masa SeCerda nurieSi, SemdgomSi afxazTa soflis adgilas Camoyalibda qalaqi. afxa-

zebi qalaqidan daiZrnen da mimdebare teritoriaze dasaxldnen, soflebSi: (urexi,

stepanovka, feria).

baTumel afxazTa raodenobis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva mosazreba arsebobs. mag. vvvv. pppp.

palpalpalpalgegegegerorororovisvisvisvis cnobiT, baTumis mazraSi 1879 wels cxovrobda 9500 afxazi da Cerqezi,

meore gadmosaxlebis Semdeg (1867 w.) 1200.

qvemo aWaraSi, rogorc werda SSSS. vvvv. memememegregregregrelilililiZeZeZeZe, ramdenime sofeli dasaxlebuli

iyo mTlianad afxazebiT. maTi raodenoba muhajirobis dros ar aRematebda 3 aTass.

gggg. iiii. ZiZiZiZiZaZaZaZaririririasasasas cnobiT, afxazTa raodenoba Seadgenda 3000 ojaxs, an 10000 ada-

mians.

XIX s.-is 80-ian wlebSi moxda afxazTa axali emigracia TurqeTSi, ris Sedega-

dac afxazTa ricxvi aWaris teritoriaze Semcirda. 1886 wlis monacemebiT, baTumSi

cxovrobda 1469 adamiani (155 ojaxi). eeee. leleleleoooozizizizinisnisnisnis cnobiT, aq afxazebma `SeinarCunes

adaT-wesebi da ena, zogma icis rusuli, kargad laparakoben qarTulad da Turqu-

lad".

12

1970 wlis sakavSiro aRweriT, aWaraSi mcxovreb afxazTa ricxvi 1361 adamiania,

aqedan 982 mSobliurad afxazurs miiCnevs.

amJamad baTumeli afxazebi cxovroben xelvaCauris raionis soflebSi: urexi,

feria, mnaTobi, salibauri, qveda sameba, Celta, angisa, minda, kaxaberi, adlia, Warna-

li, aseve baTumSi.

baTumel afxazTa ufros Taobas axsovs, rom maTi winaprebi afxazeTis sxvadas-

xva raionidan gadmosaxldnen. rogorc moxucebi hyvebian, im afxazTa winaprebi, rom-

lebic axla angisaSi, mindasa da kaxaberSi cxovroben, gadmosaxldnen ThºHbHn-idan

(es teritoria kelasurisa da drandas samxreT sanapirozea). isini TavianT Tavs so-

xumidan gamosulebs uwodeben (ayºa ~anHwHz), meore nawili baTumeli afxazebisa, ro-

melic cxovrobs soflebSi: feriaSi, urexSi, salibaurSi, qveda samebaSi, adliaSi,

WarnalSi, CeltaSi, gadmosaxlda mdinare bzifisa da adleris mimdebare teritorii-

dan. isini TavianT Tavs axalwHs-idan gamosulebs uwodeben (axalwHs Jºlara).

baTumel afxazTa metyvelebas sagangebo monografia miuZRvna eeee. kkkk. kilkilkilkilbambambambam

"Особенности речи Батумских Абхазов", Tb., 1983.

rogorc mkvlevari RniSnavs, bevr informators im soflebis dasaxelebac ki

SeuZlia, romlebidanac afxazebi aWaraSi gadmosaxldnen (kilba, 1983,7).

ènobrivi monacemebi adasturebs, rom baTumeli afxazebi namdvilad afxazeTis

sxvadasxva raionidan gamovidnen. maTs metyvelebaSi ZiriTadad SenarCunebulia is

enobrivi Taviseburebani, romelic damaxasiaTebelia im adgilobrivTa metyvelebisa-

Tvis, romelsac isini gamoeyvnen.

is enobrivi Taviseburebebi, romlebic afxazTa sxvadasxva raionis metyvelebas

axasiaTebs, baTumel afxazTa enaSicaa asaxuli (kilba, 1983, 8).

e. kilba ganagrZobs: àrsebuli enobrivi Taviseburebebi gvaZlevs safuZvels ba-

Tumel afxazTa metyvelebaSi gamovyoT angisas metyveleba (im afxazTa metyveleba,

romlebic angisasa da mis axlo mdebare soflebSi cxovroben) da ferias metyveleba

(im afxazTa metyveleba, romlebic feriasa da mis axlomdebare soflebSi cxovro-

ben".

àngisas metyvelebis warmomadgenlebi cxovroben: angisaSi, mindaSi, kaxaberSi

da baTumSi. ferias metyvelebis warmomadgenlebi cxovroben: feriaSi, mnaTobSi, sa-

13

libaurSi, qveda samebaSi, CaltaSi, Warnalsa da baTumSi".

e. kilbas dakvirvebiT, angisas metyveleba afxazuri enis abJuur dialeqts uax-

lovdeba, xolo ferias metyveleba ki afxazuri enis bzifur dialeqtsa da abazuri

enis aSxarul dialeqts (kilba, 1983, 8).

mkvlevari aRniSnavs, rom masze adre baTumel afxazTa metyveleba sagangebod

arc erT mecniers ar Seuswavlia. igi dasZens, rom ramdenime fraza baTumel afxaz-

Ta metyvelebis Sesaxeb z. s. bRaJbas naSromSi moiZia (Х. С. Бгажба, Бзыбский диалект

абхазского языка. Тб., 1964, 25).

e. kilbas naSromi aris Sedegi im savele dialeqturi masalis analizisa, rome-

lic man 1976-1983 ww-Si moipova.

`baTumel afxazTa metyveleba xasiaTdeba iseTive TaviseburebebiT, rogoric

gvxvdeba afxazuri da abazuri enis sxva dialeqtebSi. am dialeqtTaSorisi Tavisebu-

rebebis garda, baTumel afxazTa metyvelebas axasiaTebs iseTi enobrivi Tavisebure-

bani, romlebic afxazur enaze molaparake afxazTa mxolod am nawilisaTvisaa dama-

xasiaTebeli.

baTumel afxazTa metyvelebis Taviseburebani gamoiwvia sxvadasxva mizezebma, ro-

melTa Soris unda aRiniSnos (zemoTaRniSnul eTnikur siWrelesTan erTad) afxazur

enaze metyveli masisagan am metyvelebis teritoriuli gamocalkeveba.

garda amisa, enobrivi Taviseburebebis warmoqmnaSi patara roli ar uTamaSia

gansxvavebul enobriv samyaros, romelSic aRmoCnda aRniSnuli, baTumel afxazTa ena

erTze meti saukunis ganmavlobaSi (kilba, 1983, 9).

e. kilba baTumel afxazTa metyvelebis ganxilvisas, ara mxolod udarebs erTi-

meores angisas da ferias metyvelebas, aramed udarebs am Taviseburebebs afxazuri

da abazuri enebis dialeqtTa monacemebsac. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi mouxmobs monaTe-

save da aramonaTesave enaTaTvis damaxasiaTebel enobriv faqtebs.

rogorc cnobilia, cocxal dialeqtTa da TqmaTa monacemebi saimedo wyaroa

enis istoriuli ganviTarebis suraTis aRsadgenad. axaldamwerlobiani afxazuri enis

istoria unda aRdges dialeqtologiisa da monaTesave enebis monacemTa gaTvaliswi-

nebiT, amitom Seuswavleli Tqmebis (kiloebis) gamokvleva aris afxazuri enis Se-

swavlis aqtualuri amocana.

14

im baTumel afxazTa metyveleba, romlebic as welze metia mowyvetilni arian

afxazur dialeqtTa gavrcelebis ZiriTad teritorias, iZleva friad Zvirfas masa-

las afxazuri enis ganviTarebis istoriis SeswavlisaTvis.

cnobilia, rom ena Zalze swrafad icvleba, gansakuTrebiT, rodesac gansxvave-

bul enobriv samyaroSia moxvedrili.

winamdebare naSromis mizania gamoavlinos enobrivi Taviseburebebi, romlebic

baTumel afxazTa metyvelebam 1983 wlidan dRemde ganicada.

e. kilbas naSroms erTvis baTumel afxazTa metyvelebis amsaxveli Zalze mwiri

masala, rac, albaT, naSromis reglamentiTaa gamowveuli.

wignSi warmodgenilia baTumel afxazTa metyveleba ufro farTod. amasTanave

qarTuli `sinqronuli" TargmaniT (beWduri da eleqtronuli versiebi).

naSromSi gaTvaliswinebulia baTumel afxazTa metyvelebisaTvis (fonetika, mo-

rfologia, sintaqsi, leqsika) damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebani.

naSroms erTvis afxazuri enis mokle mimoxilva, da leqsikoni.

15

mokle gram atikuli mimoxilvamokle gram atikuli mimoxilvamokle gram atikuli mimoxilvamokle gram atikuli mimoxilva

fo n eti k afo n eti k afo n eti k afo n eti k a

afxazuri ena fonemaTa siuxviT gamoirCeva.

afxazur saliteraturo enaSi 64646464 fonemaa, bzifur dialeqtSi 9999

damatebiTi fonema dasturdeba. abJuuri dialeqti afxazuri saliteraturo

enis safuZvelia. am dialeqtSi dRemde (ufrosi Taobis metyvelebaSi)

SeiniSneba kbilbagismieri mkveTri † spiranti, romelic amJamad gaqrobis

gzazea da gadasulia ƒƒƒƒ mkveTr xSulSi.

xmovnebixmovnebixmovnebixmovnebi

afxazur saliteraturo enaSi 5 xmovania: aaaa, , , , eeee, , , , nnnn, , , , oooo, , , , uuuu,,,, damatebiT ˆ̂̂̂

ìracionaluri, anu neitraluri~ xmovani. amaTgan ZiriTadia aaaa da ˆ̂̂̂ xmovnebi,

danarCenebi difTonguri warmomavlobisaa: eeee miiReba �a�a�a�a an aaaa��

kompleqsebisagan: ecˆ < �acˆ `guSin~ iiii miiReba ��ˆ̂̂̂ an ˆ̂̂̂�� kompleqsebisagan

�ce�t < �ˆce�t ìsini wavidnen~, oooo miiReba …………aaaa da a…a…a…a… kompleqsebisagan: oxa <

uoxa < uaxa àmaRam~, xolo u miiReba ˆ… an …ˆ kompleqsebisagan: apatu <

apatˆ… `pativiscema~.

afxazuri a xmovani dabali aweulobis viwro xmovania. gvxvdeba sityvis

TavSi, SuaSi, boloSi: an `deda~, anapˆ `xeli~, abarwa àivani~...

aseve sityvis yvela poziciaSi SeiZleba Segvxvdes ori aa xmovani, romlis

amosavlad „a marcvali ivaraudeba: ablaam `balRami~, ay◦raan `yvavi~.

zog SemTxvevaSi mosalodneli sami an oTxi xmovnis nacvlad mudam ori a

xmovani dasturdeba: anda < *a-aanda < *a-„anda `Robe~.

eeee xmovani wina warmoebis saSualo aweulobis fonemaa, gvxvdeba sityvis

nebismier poziciaSi. afxazur sakuTar leqsikur fondSi meoreuli

16

warmoSobisaa. nasesxeb sityvebSi eeee xmovani aaaa xmovniTaa Secvlili: wesi > awas,

Celti > aCalt.

Tu e xmovnis win gamsesxebel enaSi gggg, , , , qqqq, , , , kkkk, , , , RRRR, , , , xxxx, , , , y y y y Tanxmovnebi dgas, maSin

afxazurSi e xmovnis palatalizacia gadaecema Tanxmovans da viRebT gggg½½½½, , , , qqqq½½½½, , , , kkkk½½½½, , , ,

RRRR½½½½, , , , xxxx½½½½, , , , yyyy½½½½ Tanxmovnebs, romelTac aaaa xmovani mosdevs: sarke > asark½a, gemo >

ag½ama...

xmovani iiii wina warmoebis zeda aweulobis fonemaa. martivi saxiT TiTqmis

ar gvxvdeba, difTonguri bunebisaa.

Tu iiii gamsesxebel enaSi gggg, , , , qqqq, , , , kkkk, , , , RRRR, , , , xxxx, , , , yyyy Tanxmovnebs mosdevs, afxazurSi

xdeba am TanxmovanTa palatalizacia. gggg½½½½, , , , kkkk½½½½, , , , qqqq½½½½, , , , gggg½½½½, , , , RRRR½½½½, , , , xxxx½½½½, , , , yyyy½½½½ maTs Semdeg ki

Tavs iCens neitraluri ˆ̂̂̂ xmovani adgili > adg½ˆl, kibe > ak½ˆba...

xmovani oooo saSualo aweulobis ukana warmoebis fonemaa. igi gvxvdeba

sityvis nebismier poziciaSi: oxa àmaRam~, dˆzbo�t `me mas (ad.) vxedav~, ico

ìsini midian ra...~

nasesxeb sityvebSi oooo xmovani daiSleba …a…a…a…a kompleqsad, Tu mis win dgas

labializaciisaken midrekilebis mqone Tanxmovani ………… iqceva wina Tanxmovnis

labializaciis mizezad, aaaa xmovani ki xSirad SenarCundeba: megr.: oxvame >

a…ax◦ama èklesia~... damatebiTi labializaciisaken midrekilebis uqonel

TanxmovanTa Semdeg ki oooo xmovani aaaa xmovniT icvleba: foni > afan...

xmovani uuuu ukana warmoebis zeda aweulobis fonemaa. iiii xmovnis msgavsad

ufrosi Taobis metyvelebaSi isic iSviaTad dasturdeba, raki difTonguri

buneba aqvs. nasesxeb sityvaTa maxviliani uuuu xmovani afxazurSi zogjer

ucvleli rCeba megr. uRu > afxaz. a…R◦ || a…R◦ˆ ùReli~.

nasesxeb sityvebSi uuuu xmovani iwvevs labializaciis midrekilebis mqone

TanxmovanTa labializebas da Semdeg ˆ̂̂̂ xmovnis gaCenas: duqani > ad◦q½an

<*ad◦ˆq½an...

xmovani ˆ̂̂̂ ufro viwroa vidre aaaa. igi TiTqmis ar gvxvdeba sityvis TavSi,

17

xSiria sityvis Sua da bolo poziciaSi: axˆza `sabani~, aZˆ `wyali~. xSirad ˆ̂̂̂

xmovani miRebulia aaaa xmovnisagan: abazuri ƒa _ afxaz. a-xˆ `Tavi~. ˆ̂̂̂

neitraluri xmovani ver Zlebs h Tanxmovnis gverdiT da mas enacvleba aaaa

xmovani.

naxevarxmovnebinaxevarxmovnebinaxevarxmovnebinaxevarxmovnebi

naxevarxmovani �� Suaenismieri fonemaa da dasturdeba nebismier

poziciaSi �ara ìs, igi~ (mk. an arag.), aha�…an `pirutyvi~.

naxevarxmovani ………… wyvilbagismieri bgeraa da isic yvela poziciaSi

dasturdeba …ara `Sen~ (mk.), …aw◦ˆ `xval~, daa�…e�t ìgi (ad.) modis~...

Tanxmovani fonemebiTanxmovani fonemebiTanxmovani fonemebiTanxmovani fonemebi

afxazur saliteratro enaSi sul 56 Tanxmovani fonemaa. isini iyofa

xSulebad, afrikatebad, spirantebad, sonorebad.

xSuli TanxmovnebiaxSuli TanxmovnebiaxSuli TanxmovnebiaxSuli Tanxmovnebia: : : : bbbb, , , , ffff, , , , pppp, , , , dddd, , , , TTTT, , , , tttt, , , , dddd◦, , , , TTTT◦, , , , tttt◦, , , , gggg, , , , qqqq, , , , kkkk, , , , gggg½½½½, , , , qqqq½½½½, , , , ½½½½, , , , gggg◦, , , , qqqq◦, , , ,

kkkk◦,,,, y y y y, , , , yyyy½½½½, , , , yyyy◦....

afrikati Tanxmovnebiaafrikati Tanxmovnebiaafrikati Tanxmovnebiaafrikati Tanxmovnebia: : : : ZZZZ, , , , cccc, , , , wwww, , , , ZZZZ◦, , , , cccc◦, , , , wwww◦, , , , jjjj, , , , CCCC, , , , WWWW, , , , jjjj ´́́́, , , , CCCC ´́́́, , , , WWWW ´́́́....

spiranti Tanxmovnebiaspiranti Tanxmovnebiaspiranti Tanxmovnebiaspiranti Tanxmovnebia: : : : vvvv, , , , ††††, , , , zzzz, , , , ssss, , , , JJJJ, , , , SSSS ´́́́, , , , JJJJ, , , , SSSS, , , , JJJJ◦, , , , SSSS◦, , , , RRRR, , , , xxxx, , , , RRRR½½½½, , , , xxxx½½½½, , , , wwww◦, , , , hhhh◦, , , ,

‚‚‚‚....

sonori Tanxmovnebiasonori Tanxmovnebiasonori Tanxmovnebiasonori Tanxmovnebia: : : : mmmm, , , , nnnn, , , , llll, , , , rrrr....

xSuli da afrikati Tanxmovnebi qmnian sameulTa sistemas, spirantebi

wyvileulTa sistemas, sonorebi caleulTa sistemas.

xSuli, afrikati da spiranti Tanxmovnebi garTulebulia labializaciiT,

palatalizaciiT da velarizaciiT (magari fonemebi).

wyvilbagismieri wyvilbagismieri wyvilbagismieri wyvilbagismieri xSulebi sameulTa erTi rigiTaa warmodgenili. mJReri

bbbb, fSvinvieri ffff, mkveTri pppp. isini gvxvdeba sityvebSi ahara `danaxva~, afra

18

àfra~ a…apa `nabadi~.

enakbilismieri enakbilismieri enakbilismieri enakbilismieri xSulebi xmovanTa ori sameulis rigiT aris

warmodgenili: 1. sada enakbilismieri d T td T td T td T t. es bgerebi aris sityvebSi ada

`ZarRvi~, aTaca `patarZali~, atˆ `bu~... 2. labializebuli enakbilismieri dddd◦, , , ,

TTTT◦, , , , tttt◦ sameuli rTuli bunebis bgerebia. es fonemebi gvxvdeba sityvebSi: ad◦ˆ

`mindori~, aT◦a `Tiva~, at◦ˆ `mona~. am ori rigis TanxmovanTa mJRerebia: dddd, , , ,

dddd◦; fSvinvierebi: TTTT, , , , TTTT◦; mkveTrebi tttt, , , , tttt◦...

ukanaenismier ukanaenismier ukanaenismier ukanaenismier xSulTa sameulebi sam rigs qmnian: 1. sada ukanaenismieri

gggg, , , , qqqq, , , , kkkk. es fonemebi aris sityvebSi agara àkvani~, aqˆTa `sofeli~, akakara

`kakani~.

2. labializebuli ukanaenismieri fonemebia gggg◦, , , , qqqq◦, , , , kkkk◦. es fonemebi aris

sityvebSi: ag◦ˆ `guli~, aq◦a `wvima, ak◦a ùbe~.

3. palatalizebuli ukanaenismieri gggg½½½½, , , , qqqq½½½½, , , , kkkk½½½½. isisni dasturdeba sityvebSi:

acg½a `cudi~, aq½ala `karavi~, ak½ak½a `magari~.

mJRerebia: gggg,,,, g g g g◦, , , , gggg½½½½; fSvinvierebi: qqqq, , , , qqqq◦, , , , qqqq½½½½; mkveTrebi k, k◦, k½...

faringalur faringalur faringalur faringalur xSulTa sistema naklovania. am sistemaSi amJamad Sedis

mxolod sada faringaluri mkveTri yyyy, labializebuli mkveTri yyyy◦ da

palatalizebuli mkveTri yyyy½½½½. am sameulebs aklia fSvinvieri da mJReri

saxeobebi. dasaxelebuli bgerebi aris sityvebSi: ayafS `wiTeli~, ay◦a

`soxumi~, ay½ara `qneva~.

sisina afrikatebisisina afrikatebisisina afrikatebisisina afrikatebi afxazur saliteraturo enaSi sameulTa ori rigis

saxiT aris warmodgenili: 1. sada sisina afrikatebi ZZZZ, , , , cccc, , , , wwww. isini aris

sityvebSi: aZa `nedli~, ac `niskarti~, awa `fskeri~.

19

2. labializebuli sisina afrikatebi ZZZZ◦, , , , cccc◦, , , , wwww◦ specifikuri rTuli

fonemebia. es fonemebi aris sityvebSi: aZ◦ˆ èrTi viRac~, ac◦ `xari~, aw◦a

`vaSli~. dasaxelebulTagan ZZZZ, , , , ZZZZ◦ mJReria, cccc, , , , cccc◦ fSvinvieri, wwww, , , , wwww◦ _ mkveTri.

SiSina afrikatebic SiSina afrikatebic SiSina afrikatebic SiSina afrikatebic ori sameulis saxiT aris warmodgenili. 1. sada

SiSina afrikatebi jjjj, , , , CCCC, , , , WWWW. isini aris sityvebSi aj `muxa~, aCa `puri~, aWk◦ˆn

`biWi~. 2. magari anu intensiuri SiSina afrikatebi jjjj ´́́́, , , , CCCC ´́́́, , , , WWWW ´́́́ specifikuri

fonemebia. es sameuli aris sityvebSi. aj´ˆr `foladi~ aC´ˆ `cxeni~, aW´ˆ `piri~.

dasaxelebul or sameulSi mJRerebia jjjj, , , , jjjj ´́́́; fSvinvierebi _ CCCC, , , , CCCC ´́́́; mkveTrebi _

WWWW, , , , WWWW ´́́́.

kbilbagismier spirkbilbagismier spirkbilbagismier spirkbilbagismier spirantTagan antTagan antTagan antTagan afxazurs moepoveba mJReri vvvv da ††††

fonemaTagan Semdgari wyvileuli. es fonemebi aris sityvebSi: avara `gverdi~,

a†ˆ `Weqa-quxili~.

winaenismieri sada sisina winaenismieri sada sisina winaenismieri sada sisina winaenismieri sada sisina zzzz da ssss wyvileulidan zzzz mJReria, ssss _ yru. es

fonemebi aris sityvebSi: amza `mTvare, Tve~, asas `stumari~.

winaenismieri SiSina spirantebi winaenismieri SiSina spirantebi winaenismieri SiSina spirantebi winaenismieri SiSina spirantebi afxazurSi sami wyvileuliT aris

warmodgenili: 1. sada SiSina JJJJ, , , , SSSS. es fonemebi dasturdeba sityvebSi aJ

`yurZeni~, aSa `sisxli~. 2. intensiuri, SiSina JJJJ ´́́́, , , , SSSS ´́́́ aris sityvebSi aJ´ra

`Txrili~, aSá `mware~... 3. labializebuli SiSina JJJJ◦, , , , SSSS◦ dasturdeba

sityvebSi aJ◦ `Zroxa~, aS◦ `yveli~. dasaxelebul sam wvileulSi mJRerebia: _

JJJJ, , , , JJJJ ´́́́, , , , JJJJ◦, yruebia: _ SSSS, , , , SSSS ´́́́, , , , SSSS◦ fonemebi.

ukanaenismieri spirantebic ukanaenismieri spirantebic ukanaenismieri spirantebic ukanaenismieri spirantebic sami wyvileuliT aris warmodgenli 1. sada

RRRR, , , , xxxx Tanxmovnebi isini gvxvdeba sityvebSi aRa `mteri~, axˆ `Tavi~. 2.

20

labializebuli RRRR◦, , , , xxxx◦. isini dasturdeba sityvebSi: aR◦ˆ `ficari~, ax◦da

`kiseri~. 3. palatalizebul RRRR½½½½, , , , xxxx½½½½ spirantebi gamoiTqmis rogorc erT

fonemad Serwymuli RRRR½½½½, , , , xxxx½½½½ kompleqsebi es fonemebi aris sityvebSi abR½ˆc

`foTli~, ax½ˆ òqro~... dasaxelebuli bgerebidan mJRerebia RRRR, , , , RRRR◦, , , , RRRR½½½½, xolo xxxx, , , ,

xxxx◦, , , , xxxx½½½½ yru fonemebia.

laringaluri laringaluri laringaluri laringaluri spirantebidan afxazurs sami fonema moepoveba: yruebi hhhh

da hhhh◦, mJReri ‚‚‚‚. es fonema aris sityvebSi ah `batoni~. hhhh TanxmovniT

gadmoicema qarTuli xxxx fonema. mag.: orxao > a…arha… `xaliCa~. am fonemas ar

moepoveba Tavisi rigis mJReri laringaluri Sesatyvisi fonema. labializebu-

li hhhh◦ dasturdeba sityvebSi: ah◦ara `Tqma~, ah◦ˆs `xbo~. afxazuri enis

labializebuli laringaluri ‚‚‚‚ fonema specifikuria. igi aris sityvebSi a‚ˆ

`Rvino~, awa‚ˆ `moswavle~.

sonori sonori sonori sonori bgerebidan mmmm bagismier-cxvirismieria, nnnn _ cxvirismieri. isini

arian sityvebSi: amra `mze~, an `deda~... narnara llll, , , , rrrr Tanxmovnebi ufro

intensiuria vidre Sesabamisi qarTuli fonemebi. isini dasturdeba sityvebSi:

al `muryani~, ar `jari~... oTxive sonori mJReri bgeraa.

ZirTa struqturaZirTa struqturaZirTa struqturaZirTa struqtura, , , , marcvali da maxvilimarcvali da maxvilimarcvali da maxvilimarcvali da maxvili

afxazuri sityvis Ziri istoriulad martivi iyo. axlac mravali sakuTriv

afxazuri Ziri Sedgeba cali Tanxmovnisagan, romelsac aaaa an ˆ̂̂̂ xmovnebi axlavs

(CV) zogjer Ziriseuli Tanxmovani uxmovnodac aris warmodgenili C: a-w-a

`fskeri~, a-ga-ra `waReba~ (CV) a-k-ra `Wera~ a-s-ra `cema C. varudoben, rom

afxazurisaTvis amosavali iyo (CV). amJamad (CVC)-c dasturdeba. mag.: a-bˆl-

ra... afxazur ZirTa didi nawili warmoqmnilia kompoziciiT an

21

reduplikaciiT. am dros maxvilis zemoqmedebiT miiReba TanxmovanTkompleqse-

bi. kompleqsTa warmoqmnisas mniSvneloba aqvs mezoblad moxvedril fonemaTa

ragvarobas. afxazurisaTvis SeuTavsebeli kompleqsis dasaZlevad Tanxmovnebs

Soris gaCndeba ˆ xmovani (Cveulebriv, ori Tanxmovnis win an Semdeg). amJamad

enaSi yvelaze gavrcelebulia TanxmovanTa iseTi kompleqsebi, romelTa

pirveli komponentebia bagismieri b f mb f mb f mb f m Tanxmovnebi: bzbzbzbz, , , , bJbJbJbJ, , , , bRbRbRbR, , , , bwbwbwbw, , , , b‚b‚b‚b‚, , , , fsfsfsfs, , , ,

fSfSfSfS, , , , fSfSfSfS ´́́́, , , , fxfxfxfx, , , , fxfxfxfx½½½½, , , , fhfhfhfh, , , , fhfhfhfh◦, , , , fCfCfCfC, , , , fTfTfTfT, , , , frfrfrfr, , , , mzmzmzmz, , , , mRmRmRmR, , , , mpmpmpmp, , , , mJmJmJmJ◦, , , , mrmrmrmr, , , , msmsmsms, , , , mtmtmtmt, , , , mRmRmRmR, , , , mqmqmqmq◦, , , , mSmSmSmS◦, , , ,

mCmCmCmC ´́́́, , , , mcmcmcmc, , , , mZmZmZmZ, , , , mwmwmwmw, , , , mWmWmWmW, , , , mxmxmxmx, , , , m‚m‚m‚m‚............ rac Seexeba wywywywy, , , , WyWyWyWy, , , , tytytyty kompleqsebs, isini

dasturdeba ZiriTadad qarTulidan nasesxeb sityvebSi.

maxvilis Zlieri zemoqmedebis Sedegad fuZe SeiZleba Zalze Seicvalos da

miviRoT ramdenime Tanxmovniani kompleqsic: afsTh◦a `Rrubeli~, alwS◦a

`gamosavali~, sadac xSirad aris spiranti an sonori Tanxmvani.

mmmmaaaaxvili xvili xvili xvili afxazurSi intensiuri da moZravia, igi SeiZleba sityvas

moudiodes nebismier poziciaSi. mravali omonimuri sityva dResdReobiT

TiTqos maxvilis mixedviT gansxvavdeba. mag. öla `Tvali~, alö `ZaRli~, öRa

`saberveli~ da aRö `mteri~, magram istoriulad es sxvadasxva fuZeebia. anu

afxazurSi maxvili sityvaTganmasxvavebeli funqciiT ar aris aRWurvili.

fonetikuri procesebifonetikuri procesebifonetikuri procesebifonetikuri procesebi

fonetikur procesTagan afxazurSi gavrcelebulia asimilacia,

disimilacia, metaTezisi, substitucia da reduqcia. yvelaze xSiria

asimilaciis procesi xmovnebsa da difTongebSi; rogorc progresuli, ise

regresuli; sruli da arasruli, kontaqturi an distanciuri.

progresuli kontaqturi asimilaciis dros winamavali bgeris gavleniT

icvleba momdevno da mTlianad (iSviaTad), an nawilobriv emsgavseba mas. mag.:

�a > �e > e: �ax½a > �ex½a > ex½a `dRes~

22

…a > …o > o: …aw◦ˆ > …◦w◦ˆ > ow◦ˆ `xval~

Sb > Sf: …ˆS´bayo… > …ˆS´fayo…? `rogor xar Sen (mk.)?~

rT > rd: ac◦arTaR◦ˆ > ac◦ardaR◦ˆ `skamlogini~

regresuli kontaqturi asimilaciis dros winamavali bgera momdevno

bgeris zegavleniT emsgavseba mas.

a� > e� sca�t > sce�t `wavedi~

sb > zb afˆsˆba > afh◦ˆzba `qaliSvili~

kontaqturi disimilaciis Sedegad kauzativis mawarmoebeli rrrr- TavsarTis

gavleniT zmnis III piris mravlobiTi ricxvis niSani rrrr- icvleba dddd- niSniT

(ganemsgavseba kauzativis niSans): �rˆryawe�t > �dˆryawe�t `maT mas (mk.)

raRac gaakeTebines~...

distanciuri disimilaciis Sedegad uaryofiT brZanebiTSi uaryofis

prefiqsi m- ganimsgavsebs uaryofisave m- sufiqss: �ûmgam! > �ûmgan! `Sen (mk.)

is ar waiRo!~...

metaTezisis dros bgerebi adgils ucvlian erTmaneTs. mag.: aqlafad >

aqalfad `winda~...

substituciis dros erT bgeras Caenacvleba meore. mag. aSamsia > aCamsia

`qolga~...

reducia Zalze gavrcelebulia. mag.: amaS¥n > amS´ˆn `zRva~. xmovnebi

uCinardebian maxvilis zemoqmedebiT (gvancelaZe, 2003, 25-36).

baTumel afxazTa metyvelebaSi raime gansakuTrebuli, afxazur-abazuri

fonologiuri sistemisagan gansxvavebuli bgerebi ar Cans. aq gvxvdeba

Tanxmovnebi, romlebic axasiaTebs abJuur da bzifur dialeqtebs afxazuri

enisa, aseve aSxaruli dialeqtisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli zogierTi fonema.

mcireodeni gadaxrebi SeimCneva aaaa da ˆ̂̂̂-s xmarebisas feriel afxazTa

metyvelebaSi.

23

sisinsisinsisinsisin----SiSina TanxmovnebiSiSina TanxmovnebiSiSina TanxmovnebiSiSina Tanxmovnebi

Z¶, s¶, w¶, z¶, s¶ ufrosi Taobis metyvelebaSi SeuniSnavs kilbas

sporadulad, angisas mcxovrebTa metyvelebaSi ki es Tanxmovnebi ar gvxvdebao.

sisin-SiSina mJReri afrikati Z¶: aZ¶ˆn `zamTari~, asaZ¶◦aa `saZebi~ (afxazTa

tomis saxelwodeba).

magaliTebi:

mak½ana aZ¶ˆn ag◦Ta abayo… `jer kidev sad aris Sua zamTari~

saZ¶aa ha �ˆyan ìyvnen saZebis magvarni~

lZ¶aa ana‚san hanxon ̀ vcxovrobdiT lZaasTan~...

sisin-SiSina fSvinvieri afrikati c¶: ac¶ara `wasvla~, aTac¶a `patarZali~,

ac¶xˆraara `Svela, mixmareba~

magaliTebi:

…ˆrT …aw◦uˆxoup �anc¶o ìsini xval saRamos wavlen~

ac¶xˆraaraz ag½lasˆmh◦an `me mixmarebaze arafers vambobdi~

sisin-SiSina abruptiuli afrikati w¶: ax◦w¶a `kaci~ aˆw¶ra `xanSi Sesvla~,

aw¶ara `swavla~

magaliTebi:

law¶a sˆnt◦i dˆfsˆ�t `misi qmari am weliwadSi mokvda~

sara xanˆ�J◦a s¶q◦sa `me Teqvsmeti wlis var~...

sisin-SiSina mJReri z¶: a�z¶gara `mogroveba~

spiranti z¶ xSiria zmnur fuZeebSi a) qcevis mawarmoeblad: aZ¶axra

`kerva~, az¶ˆZ¶axra `vinmesTvis Sekerva, ah◦ara `Tqma~, az¶h◦ara `vinmesTvis Tqma~

b) potencialisis mawarmoeblad: isˆz¶lamh◦e�t …ˆ� _ raRacis Tqma misTvis

(q.) ver SevZeli.

magaliTebi:

sah◦Sa …ˆ� d�z¶h◦anˆ dˆnt◦an `rodesac Cemi da daniSnuli iyo~

24

fsˆS◦ala �sˆz¶h◦a àfxazurad miTxari~

sisin-SiSina fSvinvieri spirantis s¶: afs¶nˆ àfxazeTi~, afhˆs¶ `qali~

magaliTebi:

afs¶nˆ �anˆw¶ˆz haup hara `Cven afxazeTidan varT gadmosulebi~

…ˆ� fh◦ˆs¶ k½aWg◦So…p ìs qali dabalia~

feriel afxazTa metyvelebaSi sisin-SiSina Tanxmovnebi fonemebad veRar

CaiTvleba. erTisa da imave piris metyvelebaSi sisin-SiSina TanxmovanTa

gverdiT SeiZleba Segvxvdes Cveulebrivi variantebi: axʥaw¶a/axʥawa, `kaci~

afs¶ra/afsra `sikvdili~.

angliselTa metyvelebaSi, iseve rogorc afxazuri enis abJuur

dialeqtSi specifikuri sisin-SiSina Tanxmovnebi ar aris. maT cvlis Sesabamisi

sisina ZZZZ, , , , cccc, , , , wwww, , , , zzzz, , , , ssss.... angiselTa metyvelebaSi spiranti ssss¶¶¶¶ Secvlilia SiSina SSSS

variantiT. feriaSi gvxvdeba: afs¶nˆ _ angisaSi _ aSˆq◦s/asˆq◦s `weliwadi~.

aseTi ormagi Sesatyvisoba fSvinvieri sisin-SiSina bgerisa aris abJuurSi

da bzifuri dialeqtis aa◦cis TqmaSi (q. lomTaTiZe).

labializebuli sisin-SiSina spirantebi angisasa da feriaSi ar gvxvdeba.

abJuuris msgavsad aq isini Secvlilia labializebuli SiSina z◦ s◦-Ti: aJ◦

`Zroxa~ (Sdr. bzif. az¶◦) J◦ba `cxra~ (Sdr. bzif. z¶◦ba).

xSulTa faringaluri rigixSulTa faringaluri rigixSulTa faringaluri rigixSulTa faringaluri rigi

xSulTa faringaluri rigi sxva iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa msgavsad aqac

defeqturadaa warmodgenili. arc erT dialeqtSi mJReri wevri sameulisa ar

Cans. fSvinvieri xʥ Tavisi labializebuli korelatiT ◦ SenarCunebulia

marto abazur dialeqtebSi. abJuurSi isini daemTxvnen ukanaenismier

spirantebs x, x◦, bzifurSi x xʥ◦-dan Camoyalibda axali faringaluri xʥ x ʥ◦.

baTumel afxazTa metyvelebaSi SenarCunebulia bzifuri vilarul-

25

faringaluri spirantebi ◦, romlebic faringaluri fSvinvieri xSuli x-sa

da misi labialuri x◦-s refleqsebi arian.

: aaw¶a `kaci~; aˆ || aa `Tavi~; a…â ìm RamiT~...

◦: a◦ˆfxa àRzrda~; an◦a `dedamTili~; ab◦a `mamamTili~

magaliTebi:

1) Zˆzlan saanda daa�ˆr lTaxan aa sah◦a anTˆzga dˆsy◦azwnˆ dce�t àls

`wylis qals~ undoda CemTan moaxloeba, magram roca xmali viSiSvle, igi (q.)

wavida, me damtova ra~.

2) an◦e� Tace� �e�bˆrgaa�t _ `dedamTili da rZali waekidnen

erTmaneTs~.

magram es bgerebi xxxx ʤʤ ʤʤ da ◦ ufrosi Taobis ferielTa metyvelebaSia.

angisaSi da feriis axalgazrda Taobis metyvelebaSi x xx xx xx x◦-Sia gadasuli. aseTi

movlena abJuursac axasiaTebs x x x x x x x x◦-s gverdiT SeiZleba xxxx ʥʥ ʥʥ ◦ gaigonoT.

enobrivi movlena yyyy > ‡‡‡‡ afxazur-abazuri dialeqtebisaTvis damaxasiaTebe-

li, baTumel afxazTa feriul metyvelebaSicaa gavrcelebuli. magram aq es

fonetikuri procesi ar aris damTavrebuli, ise rogorc abazuri enis

tapanTur dialeqtSi.

fonetikuri procesebifonetikuri procesebifonetikuri procesebifonetikuri procesebi

delabializaciadelabializaciadelabializaciadelabializacia

delabializaciis procesi baTumel afxazTa metyvelebaSi intensiuria igi

emarTebaT winaenismier xSul dddd◦, , , , TTTT◦, , , , tttt◦-sa da laringalur spirant hhhh◦-s

dafiqsirebulia agreTve ukanaenismier xSulebSi gggg◦, , , , qqqq◦-s gadasla gggg, , , , qqqq-Si.

d◦ > d: adˆq◦lara (< ad◦ˆq◦lara) `gamgzavreba~

adˆlwra (< ad◦ˆlwra) `gamoZroma~

T◦ > T: aTaTara (< aTaT◦ara) `Casxma raimeSi~

aTra (< aT◦ra) àvseba~

26

t◦-s delabializacia abJuursa da bzifurs ar axasiaTebs, aq ki gvxvdeba:

t◦ > t: a†at (< a†at◦) `saWmeli~

atara (< at◦ara) `dajdoma~

iseve rogorc bzifurSi, aqac laringaluri spirantis hhhh◦-s

delabializacia xdeba sityvaSi ah◦ara `Tqma~ da am zmnis ZirSi h◦a > ha `Tqo,

meTqi~-s mniSvnelobiT.

q◦ > q: dˆqutan (< dˆq◦t◦an) ìs (q, mk.) raRacaze ijda~

arˆchaqa (< arˆchaq◦a) `sacodavebi~

ax◦ˆWqa (< ax◦ˆWq◦a) `bavSvebi.

anu delabializacia mosdis mravlobiTobis q◦a sufiqss. [aseTi faqtebi

Cven mier mopovebul masalaSic mravladaa, romelsac darTuli teqstebis

saxiT warmovadgenT].

baTumel afxazTa metyvelebaSi sxva saxis delabializaciac SesamCnevia.

Tu labializebul gggg◦, , , , kkkk◦, , , , xxxx◦, , , , ◦, , , , yyyy◦-s win uswrebs an mosdevs aaaa xmovani, igi

xSir SemTxvevaSi labializebul bgeraTa gavleniT oooo-Si gadadis: ag◦ara >

ag◦ora èzo~ ax◦aSá > ax◦oSá `paraskevi~...

es procesi delabializaciamdec midis: g◦ > g: ag◦ara > ag◦ora > agora

èzo~; ag◦alSap > aguolSap > agolSap `gveleSapi~; k◦ > k: ak◦ara > akuora >

akora `nakaduli~, ak◦ac >akuac > akoc `xorci~; x◦ > x: ax◦aSá > axuoSá >

axoSa `paraskevi~; y◦ > y: ay◦ay◦a > ayuyou > ayoyo `zurgi~; ◦ > x ʥ ab◦a > abuo

> abxo `mamamTili~.

bzifuri dialeqtis msgavsad labializebuli laringaluri spiranti ‚

difTongSi icvleba naxevarxmovani �-Ti; a‚naTa > a�naTa `saxli, ojaxi~,

J◦e�za‚ˆk > J◦e�za�ˆk `TerTmeti kaci~.

feriel afxazTa metyvelebaSi aris sityva auˆra || auˆr `soro, bunagi~,

romelic albaT miRebulia afxazuri aTˆ‚ra-dan, abaz. gvara, miRebulia ‚(<g/v)

laringaluri artikulaciis SesustebiT.

27

magar Tmagar Tmagar Tmagar TanxmovanTa darbilebaanxmovanTa darbilebaanxmovanTa darbilebaanxmovanTa darbileba

baTumel afxazTa metyvelebaSi SeimCneva magar TanxmovanTa darbilebis

tendencia: rbildeba afrikatebi C´, W´, spiranti S´, sonanti l:

C´ > C: aC´ˆ > aCˆ `cxeni~; aCńˆ > aCnˆ ìm dRes~

W´ > W: aWáxha > aWaha `munji; aW´ˆ > aWˆ `piri~

S´ > S: a‚aSá > a‚aSa `samSabaTi~; axS´ > axS `rZe~

es movlena SesaZloa qarTulis gavleniT iyos momxdari, radgan

qarTulSi magari korelatebi aRniSnul Tanxmovnebs ar gaaCnia.

aseve darbilebulad gamoiTqmis l sonanti, magram ara ise rogorc

rusuli ль. mas ukavia TiTqos gardamavali pozicia afxazur l-sa da qarTul

l-s Soris.

l > l¶ dgˆle�t > dgˆl¶e�t ìs (mk.) adga~; aleiS◦a > al¶e�S◦a `Tviseba~.

TanxmovanTa amovardnaTanxmovanTa amovardnaTanxmovanTa amovardnaTanxmovanTa amovardna

TanxmovanTa amovardna (zogjer marcvlisac) gavrcelebulia feriel

afxazTa metyvelebaSi ubaT (< ubarT) ìsini~, aT (< arT) àmaTi~.

substituciasubstituciasubstituciasubstitucia

feriel afxazTa metyvelebaSi gavrcelebulia fonemaTa Secvla: mmmm || nnnn

amac◦kˆs || anac◦kˆs `neki~

afˆmwa || afˆnwa `cxviri~

nnnn || llll

alay◦a || alay◦ || anay◦ `nisli~

28

rrrr || llll

ak◦ak◦al || ak◦ak◦ar `kveri~

bbbb || mmmm

ax◦ˆlmˆC´xa || ax◦ˆlbˆC´xa `saRamos~

yyyy || kkkk

�andû lkˆntik alak◦ �aha�t < �andu lyˆnti

alak◦ �aha�t `bisi (mk.) bebiisagan zRapari moismina~

ZZZZ || zzzz

a�zara || a�Zara `Sekreba~; amˆZ || amˆz `mTvare~

CCCC ´́́́ || SSSS ´́́́

uaxˆ�-Snˆ� || uaxˆ�-Cńˆ� `dRe da Rame~

hhhh/(ahahahah; hahahaha) > aaaaaaaa

pirveli piris mravlobiTi ricxvis mawarmoebeli h a h a h a h a xmovanTan Sexverisas

aaaa-Si gadadis da viRebT or aaaa-s an grZel aaaa-s. es movlena abJuurisaTvisaa

damaxasiaTebeli. baTumel afxazTa metyvelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia ufro

metad:

aC´ˆ‚r Taagalo�t (Sdr. Tahgalo�t) `Cven viRebT mosavals~

hhhh ⇄ xxxx½½½½ ||

hawalaq◦a xarakˆ…p || ½arakˆ…p (fer.) `Cveni xeebi maRalia~ aseTi

gadasvla dafiqsirebulia mxolod sityvaSi `simaRle~ amis gverdiT feriulSi

aris xxxx (< x½) aa `magram~ kavSirSi:

sara �ash◦on, aha (< aa) imaha�t `me vuTxari mas is, magram man (mk.) ver

gaigona~.

zogjer sityvaSi aˆ `Tavi~, -s nacvlad hhhh ismis:

hak uˆfSńˆ S◦hak (< aa) ux½Cˆ! èrTi Tavis (adamianis) gafrTxilebiT ass

gaufrTxildi! (andaza)

29

hhhh◦ || yyyy◦

ay◦asa || ah◦asa (fer.) àluCa~

ay◦ˆzba || ah◦ˆzba (fer.) `dana~

metaTezisimetaTezisimetaTezisimetaTezisi

zˆrnak < || zˆnrak (ang.) _ erTi zamTari

�adrˆs me�rûp (marioup) `mas advili misamarTi aqvs~

ahafSa > || afSah `qvevri~

bgeraTa ganviTareba ubgeraTa ganviTareba ubgeraTa ganviTareba ubgeraTa ganviTareba u----s wina poziciaSis wina poziciaSis wina poziciaSis wina poziciaSi

feriel afxazTa metyvelebaSi gvxvdeba forma aR◦ˆR◦ (< auˆR◦) ùReli~.

feriulSi SemCneulia R-s ganviTareba u-s win am sityvaSi. aqve dafiqsirda gggg-

sa da kkkk-s ganviTareba kidev or sityvaSi: acû†ara `gamocana~ da alˆ‚ || >

al¤ˆ ali~.

sityvaSi acû†ara u-s win gggg viTardeba, acguˆ†ara... `gamocana~

al‚a || alû > alˆku: ag◦lSap amca alˆku a‡anˆ �axatˆ…p _ gveleSapi

cecxlis alTan ijda.

konsonantur kompleqsTa gamartivebakonsonantur kompleqsTa gamartivebakonsonantur kompleqsTa gamartivebakonsonantur kompleqsTa gamartiveba

�amx½aZˆct (Sdr. �amfx½Zact) àr kiTxulobdnen, gaunaTlebelni iyvnen~

rzˆmSáa�t (Sdr. rzˆmfSáa�t `ver mounaxes~

dˆmsˆc (Sdr. dˆmfsˆc) àr kvdeboda~

rogorc zemoT moyvanili magaliTebidan Cans fxfxfxfx½½½½, , , , fSfSfSfS, , , , fsfsfsfs kompleqsTagan

ikargeba ffff sonorTan moxvedrisas (am SemTxvevaSi uaryofiTobis mmmm-sTan!).

30

TanxmovanTa asimilaciaTanxmovanTa asimilaciaTanxmovanTa asimilaciaTanxmovanTa asimilacia

TanxmovanTa asimilacias baTumel afxazTa metyvelebaSi farTo gasaqani

aqvs, iseve rogorc afxazurSi (progresulsac, regresulsac, kontaqtursac,

distanciursac).

feriulSi gvxvdeba iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac 1) mJReri Tanxmovnebis win

ar xdeba yruTa asimilacia: sdarue�t (Sdr. /-�ˆ/zdˆr…e�t) `vici~; ah◦ˆsba

(Sdr. ah◦ˆzba) `dana~; 2) ar xdeba mJReris dayrueba fSvinvieris win:

dag½ˆsTˆwom (Sdr. afx. dag½ˆzTˆw…am) `verc gamoZvreba~; dˆsTaxˆm (Sdr.

dˆzTaxˆm) `visac is ar unda~; sˆSTax½bˆstˆ�? (Sdr. sˆSTax½bˆzt◦e�?) `ratom

dajeqi Cems Semdeg Sen (q)~?

a) aaaa > ˆ̂̂̂ Secvla maxvilian marcvalSi

feriulSi, gansxvavebiT angisurisagan gavrcelebulia aaaa > ˆ̂̂̂ Ria da

daxurul maxvilian marcvalSi. aseTi movlena afxazuris dialeqtebSi xdeba,

magram feriulSi am movlenas sistematuri xasiaTi eZleva: �labˆ (ang. �lba

ikûp) `joxi uWiravs~; anc◦¥ (ang. anc◦a) S◦ˆ�nˆ h◦aa�t! `RmerTma daglocoT!~;

ac◦ˆxˆsTa �c◦ˆ (ang. �c◦a) �amo…p `mas sxeulze iara aqvs~...

b) aaaa > ˆ̂̂̂ Secvla daxurul maxvilian marcvalSi

anx¥ra (ang. anxara) `meurneoba); sˆTˆca (ang. sTaca) `rZali~;

�ˆlbˆzaa�t (ang. �ˆlbazaa�t) ènaxa mas is (q)~.

es movlena bzifurisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli, feriulSi ki ufro

intensiuri xasiaTis aqvs.

31

aaaa----s Senaxva maxvilian marcvalSis Senaxva maxvilian marcvalSis Senaxva maxvilian marcvalSis Senaxva maxvilian marcvalSi

feriulSi aRweril movlenaTa gverdiT xSiria a-s Senaxva iseT

fonetikur garemoSi, rogorSic angisurSi igi ˆ-Si gadadis.

magaliTebi:

�xa-�Wá �ˆZ◦ˆZ◦ˆ�t (Sdr. ixˆ-iW´ˆ) `Tav-saxe daibana~

‚ˆja �eic�ˆ�t a…axa (Sdr. a…ˆxa) ìm Rames tyupebi gaCndnen~

�laSTalt (Sdr. �lˆSTalt) ìsini gaekidnen mas (q.)~

srulxmovnobasrulxmovnobasrulxmovnobasrulxmovnoba

feriulSi xSiria srulxmovnoba, angisurSi ki reduqcia imave masalaSi,

iseve rogorc afxazurSi zogadad.

magaliTebi:

sax½aS´ˆ‚ (Sdr. ang. sˆxS´ˆ‚) `maxsovs~

ak◦atˆJa (Sdr. ang. akutˆJ) `qaTmis xorci~

aZ◦ aS◦a axakˆ (Sdr. ang. axkˆ) �h◦on èrTi mReroda~

aSxaruli dialeqtis msgavsad feriulSi SeimCneva srulxmovnoba

gaormagebul fuZeebSic:

magaliTebi:

dˆCˆCˆ�t (Sdr. ang. dˆCCe�) `man gaicina~

ay◦ˆdˆrSáSá (Sdr. ang. ay◦ˆdˆrS´Sá) `lobios kerZi~

aanda rS´ˆSú�t (Sdr. ang. rS´S´…e�t) ìsini wnaven Robes~.

xmovanTa asimilacia da reduqciaxmovanTa asimilacia da reduqciaxmovanTa asimilacia da reduqciaxmovanTa asimilacia da reduqcia

baTumel afxazTa metyvelebaSi iseve rogorc afxazr-abazur dialeqteb-

Si farTodaa gavrcelebuli xmovanTa asimilacia da reduqcia.

32

Tu angisurSi xmovanTa progresuli da regresuli asimilaciaa

gavrcelebuli, feriulSi ufro gavrcelebulia xmovanTa rogorc sruli,

aseve nawilobrivi asimilacia.

magaliTad, feriulSi sakavSirebel �-sTan -a (fuZis bolo xmovani) ˆ-Si

gadadis:

�arˆ� sarˆ� (< �ara� sara�) ìs (k.) da me~

lfˆ larˆ� (< lfa� lara�) `misi vaJi da is (q.)~

arafc◦ˆ� darˆ� (< arafc◦a� dara�) àrabebi da isini~

xandaxan ˆ̂̂̂�� gvaZlevs i monofTongs:

saSe�habi sari (Sdr. saSe�habe� sarˆ�) `Cemi ufrosi Zma da me~

aaaa-s reduqcias �� win farTo gavrceleba aqvs zmnebSi:

astol �axarat◦ˆ�t (< �axat◦a-�t) ìsini magidas miusxdnen~

angisur metyvelebaSi, iseve rogorc afxazur dialeqtebSi zemoT

moyvanil magaliTebSi xdeba regresuli asimilacia (a-� > e�): …are� sare� (<

…ara� sara�), dce�t (< dca�t)...

sainteresoa `Zmis~ aRmniSvneli leqsema feriulSi a�Sa (ha�Sa zaw◦)

`Cveni erTaderTi Zma~ angisurSi aiaSa (kuTvnilebiT formaSi _ haSa `Cveni

Zma~ � daikarga.

feriulSi kuTvnilebiT formaSi aris: se�Sa `Cemi Zma~, be�Sa `Seni (q.)

Zma~ da a. S.

saerTod, feriulSi xSiria kavSiri i-s dakargva:

aTˆnCra yalaat, abˆSra yalmaat! ìyos mSvidoba, ar iyos omi!~

angisurSi aseTi ram ar dasturdeba.

maxvilimaxvilimaxvilimaxvili

maxvilis mixedviT baTumel afxazTa metyveleba TiTqmis ar sxvaobs

danarCeni afxazuri dialeqtebisagan, magram aris zogi gadaxra:

33

nöndû (Sdr. afx. nand¥u) `bebia~

ö�maa (Sdr. af. bzif. a�möa) `fexsacmeli~

specialur literaturSi aRniSnulia, rom qarTulidan nasesxeb

sityvebSi maxvili meore marcvalzea bolodan. ori maxvilidan: tonuridan da

dinamikuri sustidan afxazi mxolod tonurs irCevs da am ukanasknelis

adgilas svams, xolo dinamikuri maxvili misTvis SeumCneveli rCeba:. am¤Sa

(muSa), amasöla (masala), axasiöT (xasiaTi) da sxv.

asevea es sxva enaTagan nasesxeb masalaSic.

feriulSi maxvili zogjer iwvevs reduqcias fuZis SigniT an boloSi,

angisurSi ki daculia srulxmovnoba, Tumca feriuls ufro axasiaTebs

srulxmovnoba.

magaliTebi:

a) fuZis SigniTa xmovnis reduqcia

afsnˆ hanwˆ� JTe� (ang. afsnˆ hanˆwˆ�JTe�) akˆr wwo�t `didi xania, rac

Cven gadmovsaxldiT afxazeTidan~.

b) fuZis bolo xmovnis reduqcia

har (ang. hara) hauaa aSTax½ �aa�t `Cveni xalxi mogvianebiT movida~ (e.

kilba, baTumeli afxazebis metyvelebis Taviseburebani, Tbilisi, 1982, 10-33).

34

m o r f ol o g i a

baTumel afxazTa metyvelebaSi iseve, rogorc saerTod afxazur enaSi

gamoiyofa metyvelebis aTi nawili: 1. arsebiTi saxeli, 2. zedsarTavi saxe-

li, 3. ricxviTi saxeli, 4. nacvalsaxeli, 5. zmna (masdari, absolutivi, mi-

mReoba), 6. zmnizeda, 7. Tandebuli, 8. kavSiri, 9. nawilaki, 10. Sorisdebuli.

ganvixilavT TiToeul metyvelebis nawils cal-calke. pirvel rigSi

davaxasiaTebT arsebiT saxels zogadad afxazuri enisaTvis damaxasiaTebe-

li morfologiuri maxasiaTeblebiT. Semdeg aRvniSnavT im gansxvavebas, ro-

melic dasturdeba baTumel afxazTa metyvelebaSi arsebiTi saxelis ama Tu

im kategoriis warmoebisas.

1. a r s e b i T i s a x e l i

afxazur enaSi saxelebi, SedarebiT zmnasTan, kategoriaTa simciriT

gamoirCeva. magaliTad am enaSi ar aris brunvaTa sistema. arsebiT saxels

ase gaaCnia bruneba, magram, samagierod am kategoriis uqonloba Sevsebulia

enaSi moqmedi sxvadasxva morfologiuri saSualebebiT da amiT xdeba brun-

vaTa sistemis uqonlobis kompensacia.

is, rac sxva enebSi saxelTa derivaciiT gadmoicema, afxazurSi Tavmoy-

rilia zmnaSi. amiT xdeba enaSi garkveuli balansireba kategoriebiT Rarib

saxelsa da kategoriebiT mdidar zmnas Soris; ris morfologiur gamoxat-

vasac saxeli ver axerxebs, is zmnuri kategoriebiT gadmoicema.

afxazuri enis arsebiTi saxeli ganarCevs 1. zogadobis 2. gansazRvru-

loba-ganusaxRvrelobis, 3. gramatikuli klasis, 4. ricxvis, 5. kuTvnilebis,

6. gardaqceviTobis, 7. instrumentalisis, uqonlobis morfologiur katego-

riebs.

35

1. zogadobis kategoria, saleqsikono forma

gansxvavebiT sxva iberiul-kavkasiur enaTagan afxazurisaTvis specifi-

kuria arsebiTi saxelis zogadi saleqsikono formis arseboba, romelsac a-

prefiqsi awarmoebs. aseTi zogadi formebi arsebiTis garda aqvT agreTve

zedsarTav saxelebs, masdars, erTi tipis mimReobebs, zmnisarTTa garkveul

nawils.

zogadi formis a- prefiqsi daerTvis rogorc Zireul, ise nasesxeb si-

tyvebs. Tu sityvis fuZe iwyeba e, i, o, u xmovnebiT, Á da … naxevarxmovnebiTa

da TanxmovnebiT, maSin a- prefiqsi mudam ucvlelad iqneba warmodgenili: a-

xawa `kaci~, a-Ânˆ `saxli~, a-muCa `muqTaxora~.

Tu sityva fuZiseuli a- xmovniT iwyeba, maSin zogad formaSi xdeba fu-

Ziseuli xmovnisa da prefiqsis Serwyma erT a xmovnad: `*a-Áa-ba >*a-ab > ab

`mama~, *a-Áana >*a-an > an `deda~ da sxv.

ori a xmovnis SemTxvevaSic fuZis TavSi zogadi formis a- prefiqsi Se-

erwymis win mdgoms da sami a-s nacvlad mainc ori a- xmovani darCeba: aanda

`Robe~, aamTa `dro~, aamˆsTa àznauri~.

2. gansazRvruloba-ganusazRvrelobis kategoria.

zogadi formis a- prefiqsiani saxelebi iTavseben gansazRvrulobis

gadmocemis funqciasac da aRniSnaven gansazRvrul, cnobil sagansa Tu mo-

vlenas: aC´ˆ `cxeni~, aw◦a `vaSli~, awkˆ `kaba~...

a- prefiqsi gvxvdeba afxazur gvarsaxelebSic: amarSan `marSanias gva-

ris (es) adamiani~, a-bRaJ◦ba `bRaJ◦bas gvaris (es) adamiani~.

`zogadi qarTveluri warmoSobis gvarSi es a- prefiqsi am gvaris warmo-

madgenelTa gaafxazebis aRsaniSnavad da TiTqosda araqarTuli warmomav-

lobis xazgasasmelad Seerwya fuZes da uprefiqsod TiTqmis aRar ixmareba:

a-jˆnjal < jinjolia, ablˆsk½ˆr < buliskiria~ (gvancelaZe, 2003, 41).

ganusazRvrelobiT kategoriaSi zogad saxels CamoSordeba xsenebuli

a- TavsarTi, Tu igi fuZis kuTvnilebas ar warmoadgens, an: bolos daerTvis

36

-k ganusazRvrelobiTi sufiqsi, romelic akˆ èrTi~ ricxviTi saxelis Ziri-

dan unda momdinareobdes (lomTaTiZe, 1974-1975).

C´ˆk `romeliRac cxeni~, w◦ak `romeliRac vaSli~ wkˆk `romeliRac kaba~,

magram an `deda~- ank `romeliRac deda~, ab `mama~ _ abk `romeliRac mama~,

radgan a- am sityvebSi fuZiseulia.

3. gramatikuli klasis kategoria

sxva iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa msgavsad afxazurSic aris gramatikuli

klasis morfologiuri kategoria, romelsac arsebiTi saxelebis garda

ganarCevs ricxviTi saxeli, nacvalsaxeli da zmna (absolutivi, mimReoba).

arsebiTi saxeli ganarCevs gonierTa (adamianisa) da aragonierTa (niv-

Tis) morfologiur klasebs.

gonierTa (adamianis) klasSi Sedis: 1. adamianis aRmniSvneli sazogado

arsebiTi saxelebi: a…aÂˆ àdamiani~, axawa `kaci~, ag◦ˆla `mezobeli~... 2. sa-

kuTari saxelebi: axra, k◦asTa, agrba... 3. eTnonimebi: afsŸa àfxazi~, aqˆrTŸa

`qarTveli~, aŸrˆs `rusi~... 4. naTesaobis terminebi: an `deda~, ab `mama~, afa

`vaJiSvili~... 5. xelobis saxelebi: aJi `mWedeli~, ax½Ca `mwyemsi~, arwaÂˆ `mas-

wavlebeli~... 6. anTropomorful arsebaTa saxelebi: anc◦a `RmerTi~, aÂˆsTaa

èSmaki~, Zˆzlan àli~... yvela zemoT CamoTvlil saxels daesmis kiTxva da-

rban? `vin? romeli?~.

aragonierTa (nivTTa) klasSi Sedis: yvela danarCeni saxeli, miuxedavad

imisa suliers aRniSnavs Tu usulos: aC´ˆ `cxeni~, aCáda `viri~, amza `mTva-

re~...

yvela zemoT CamoTvlil saxels daesmis kiTxva Áarban? `ra? romeli?~

iseve rogorc sxva iberiul-kavkasiuri enebi, arc afxazuri, gansxvave-

biT indoevropul enaTagan, ar ganarCevs saxelTa gramatikul sqess.

ar aRiniSneba arsebiT saxelebSi arc klasis morfologiuri katego-

ria, igi aq mxolod semasiologiuria.

saxelTa semasiologiuri gramatikuli klasi morfologiurad ganirCe-

37

va mravlobiTobis, kuTvnilebis kategoriebSi, agreTve zmnaTa pir-klasis

aRmniSvneli afiqsebiT.

4. ricxvis kategoria.

mravlobiTis warmoeba afxazurSi nair-nairia. gansxvavebas qmnian nivTi-

sa da adamianis klasebSi gaerTianebuli saxelebi.

nivTis klasis saxelis mravlobiTobis aRsaniSnavad gamoyenebulia -q◦a

sufiqsi: ala `Tvali~, alaq◦a `Tvalebi~. Tu sityvas boloSi moudis maxvi-

li, mas mravlobiTobis sufiqsi gadaizidavs. Tu sityva mTavrdeba neitra-

luri ˆ- naxevarxmovniT, mravlobiTobis sufiqsis darTvisas es ˆ Cavardeba,

radgan maxvils dakargavs: anap¥ `xeli~, anapq◦a `xelebi~, ax¥ `Tavi~, axq◦a

`Tavebi~.

adamianis klasis saxelebis mravlobiToba gamoixateba -c◦a sufiqsiT.

am SemTxvevaSic: Tu sityvis bolo marcvali maxviliania, es maxvili sufiqs-

ze gadainacvlebs: afö `Svili~ afac◦ö `Svilebi~, aWk◦ˆn `biWi~, aWk◦ˆnc◦a `bi-

Webi~, aZRab `gogo~, aZRabc◦a `gogoebi~...

magram am `mama~, abac◦a `mamebi~, an `deda~, anac◦a `dedebi~... fuZiseuli -a

xmovani aRdgeba mravlobiT ricxvSi.

ganusazRvrel formaSi saxels mravlobiT ricxvSic Camoscildeba gan-

sazRvruloba-zogadobis a- niSani, xolo ganusazRvrelobiT -k sufiqsi ki

daerTvis mravlobiTobis aRmniSvneli sufiqsis Semdeg: aC´q◦a `cxenebi~ (zo-

gadi forma), C´q◦ak `romeliRac cxenebi (ganusazRvreli forma).

ganusazRvrelobiT kategoriaSi garkveul Taviseburebas amJRavneben

adamianTa kategoris saxelebi. aq saxeli dairTavs -c◦a adamianTa klasis

mravlobiTobis aRsaniSnav sufiqss da kidev -q◦a nivTTa klasis mravlobi-

Tobis aRmniSvnel sufiqss: astudentc◦a `studentebi~ (zogadi forma), stu-

dentc◦aq◦ak `romeliRac studentebi~ (ganusazRvreli forma), aZRabc◦a `go-

goebi~, ZRabc◦aq◦ak `romeliRac gogoebi~, afac◦a `Svilebi~, fac◦aq◦ak `rome-

liRac Svilebi~.

38

gonierTa klasSi Semavali zogi arsebiTi saxeli dairTavs mxolod

aragonierTa klasis -q◦a sufiqss: ah◦sa-q◦a `qalebi~, ax◦ˆW-q◦a `bavSvebi~.

warmomavlobis saxelTa mravlobiTi ricxvis warmoebisas xSiria oden -

q◦a sufiqsis gamoyeneba -c◦a-s paralelurad: aurˆsq◦a || aursˆsc◦a `rusebi~,

aqˆrTq◦a || aqˆrTc◦a `qarTvelebi~.

arsebiT saxelTa krebiToba gadmoicema -aa sufiqsis meSveobiT, rome-

lic ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba gvarsaxelis, tomis warmomadgenelTa an warmo-

mavlobis saxelTa krebiTi formis sawarmoeblad: abJˆ…-aa àbJuelebi~, ay◦-

aa `soxumelebi~, afsu-aa àfxazebi~...

zog sityvas mravlobiTi Taviseburad aqvs nawarmoebi: a…Âˆ àdamiani~

a…aa àdamianebi~. tapanTurSi: a…Äa, aa < Äa.

aa-krebiTi mravlobiTis mawarmoebeli gvxvdeba afxazuri warmoSobis

gvarebSi simravlis, krebiTobis gamosaxatavad. Tar-ba, del-ba, aS-ba... ba <

fa `Svili~ fuZisagan; axlavs saxels mxolobiT ricxvSi. zogjer ba-s adgi-

las gvxvdeba -fa an -pa: pateÁ-pa `pateÁ-Svili~. mravlobiTobis warmoebisas

xsenebuli -ba, -pa sufiqsi CamoSrdeba gvars da mis agils daiWers -aa sufiq-

si: Tar-ba, Tar-aa, del-ba, del-aa.

krebiTobis mawarmoebelia agreTve rTuli -ra-Äa > ra-aa > raa sufiqsi:

besik-raa `besiki da misianebi~ dad-raa `papa~ (mimarTvisas, gadmonaSTia gva-

rovnuli Temuri wyobilebisa).

cxovel-frinvelTa naSierebis an mcire zomis saganTa -s sufiqsian sa-

xelebs mravlobiTSi -s Camoscildeba da mis adgilas daerTvis -r(a) sufiq-

si: arfˆs `Wabuki~, arfara `Wabukebi~, asˆs `batkani~, asara `batknebi~, ah◦ˆs

xbo~, ah◦ara `xborebi~.

-s deminutivis sufiqsi, q. lomTaTiZis azriT, momdinareobs awˆs `Citi~

sityvisagan (lomTaTiZe, ).

amrigad, afxazurSi mravlobiTobis mawarmoebeli sufiqsebia: -q◦a, -c◦a, -

aa, -ra, -raa < r+aa < a+Äa.

39

5. kuTvnilebis kategoria

rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, afxazurs ar moepoveba brunvaTa sistema, maT

Soris naTesaobiTi brunva. is, rac sxva enebSi gamoixateba naTesaobiT brun-

vaSi dasmuli saxeliT, (e. i. kuTvnileba) afxazurSi gamoixateba kuTvnile-

biTi nacvalsaxelebidan, anu pir-klasis nacvalsaxelebidan momdinare pre-

fiqsebiT.

saxelTa kuTvnilebis kategoria afxazurSi saxelis fuZeze nacvalsaxe-

luri warmoSobis prefiqsTa darTviT iwarmoeba. kuTvnilebis gamomxatveli

nacvalsaxeluri prefiqsebia:

mx. r. mr. r.

I piri s(ˆ)- I piri h(a)-

…(ˆ)- (mk. kl.). II piri S◦(ˆ)-

II piri b(ˆ); (q. kl.)

Á(ˆ)- (mk. kl.) III piri r(ˆ)-

III piri l(ˆ)- (q. kl.)

a- (arag. (nivTis) kl.).

am prefiqsTagan mxolobiTi ricxvis meore da mesame pirTa prefiqsebi

ganarCeven mflobelis gramatikul klass. meore pirSi erTmaneTs upirispir-

deba mamakacisa da qalis qveklasebi, xolo mesame pirSi _ mamakacis, qalisa

da aragonierTa (nivTis) qveklasebi. meore pirSi u(ˆ) preifqsi aRniSnavs

mxolod mdedrobiTi sqesis adamianebs. ufro konkretulia danawileba mesa-

me pirSi: Á(ˆ)- prefiqsiT aRiniSneba mamakaci da mamrobiTi sqesisad gagebu-

li anTropomorfuli arsebani (RmerTi, angelozi, winaswarmetyveli, eSmaki,

qaji, tyis kaci), l(ˆ)- prefiqsiT aRiniSneba qali da mdedrobiTi sqesisad

miCneuli anTropomorfuli arsebani (RvTismSobeli, ali, tyis qali...), xolo

a- prefiqsi aRniSnavs yvela aragonier arsebasa da movlenas, miuxedavad

imisa, sulieria mflobeli, Tu usulo:

40

mx. r. mr. r.

I piri s(ˆ)-S◦y◦ˆ `Cemi wigni~ I piri ha-S◦y◦ˆ `Cveni wigni~

…(ˆ)- S◦y◦ˆ `Seni (mk.) wigni~ II piri S◦ˆ-S◦y◦ˆ `Tqveni wigni~

II piri b(ˆ)-S◦y◦ˆ `Seni (q.) wigni~

Á(ˆ)-S◦y◦ˆ `misi (mk.) wigni~ III piri rˆ-S◦y◦ˆ `maTi wigni~

III piri l(ˆ)-S◦y◦ˆ `misi (q.) wigni~

a-S◦y◦ˆ `misi (arag./nivT.) wigni~

naTesaobiTi brunvis (kuTvnilebis gamomxatveli) prefiqsi mierTvis ara

msazRvrels, aramed sazRvruls prefiqsad: aZRab l-napˆ `gogos xeli~.

Tu sityvas maxvili moudis zogadobis a- prefiqsze, maSin kuTvnilebi-

Ti prefiqsebi ˆ- naxevarxmovniTaa warmodgenili: ala `Tvali~ sˆla `Cemi

Tvali~, magram alö `ZaRli~, sla `Cemi ZaRli~.

6. gardaqceviTobis kategoria

arsebiT saxelTa gardaqceviTobis formebi asrulebs qarTuli enis vi-

TarebiTi brunvis funqcias, Tumca brunva ar aris. igi iwarmoeba zogadobis

a- prefiqsis gareSe warmodgenil fuZeze -s sufiqsis darTviT: a-xawa `mama-

kai~, xawa-s `mamakacad~, a-bjar ìaraRi~, bjar-s ìaraRad~, a…al `vali~,

…al-s `valad~.

7. instrumentalisis kategoria

instrumentalisi iwarmoeba saxelis zogadobis a- prefiqsCamocilebul

formaze -la sufiqsis darTviT. es forma qarTulad viTarebiTi brunviT

gadmoicema: a-wapˆ `xeli~, napˆ-la `xeliT~, aSapˆ `fexi~, Sapˆ-la `fexiT~, a-

C´ˆ `cxeni~, C´ˆ-la `cxeniT~.

mravlobiT ricxvSi mdgar saxelebTan -la `damoukidebel fuZed~ iqce-

41

va da dairTavs mravlobiTi ricxvis kuTvnilebiT rˆ- prefiqss, xolo arse-

biTi saxeli warmodgenilia mravlobiTi ricxvis formiT: anap-q◦a `rˆ-la

`xelebiT~, aSap-q◦a r-ˆla `fexebiT~, aC´-q◦a rˆ-la `cxenebiT~.

aseve formdeba -la elementi nacvalsaxelebTan da sakuTar saxelebTan

erTad xmarebisas: sara sˆ-la `CemiT~, …ara …ˆ-la `SeniT~ (mk.), alias Áˆ-la

àliasis meSveobiT~.

8. uqonlobis kategoria

uqonlobas gamoxatavs -da sufiqsi, romelic saxelis fuZes daerTvis:

axˆ `Tavi~, xˆ-da ùTavo~, aC´ˆ `cxeni~ C´ˆda ùcxeno~, aÂnˆ `saxli~, Ânˆ-da

ùsaxlo~.

uqonlobis kategoriis warmoebisas, iseve rogorc instrumentalisis ka-

tegoriaSi, saxels zogadoba/gansazRvrulobis a- prefiqsi Camoscildeba da

mxolod amis Semdeg formdeba -da uqonlobis sufiqsiT.

amgvar formebs afxazurSi zmnisarTuli mnivSnelobac aqvs.

9. arsebiT saxelTa sityvaTwarmoeba

afxazurSi gvxvdeba odenfuZiani kompoziciiT miRebuli da afiqsaciiT

nawarmoebi arsebiTi saxelebi.

odenfuZiania: aZˆ `wyali~, axˆ `Tavi~, aw◦a `vaSli~ da sxv.

kompoziciiT (fuZeTa SeerTebiT) miRebuli arsebiTi saxelebi afxazur-

Si mravladaa. gvxvdeba or, sam da metkomponentiani kompozitebi.

1) orkomponentiani kompozitebia: abnak◦ˆtˆ `xoxobi~ abna `tye~, ak◦tˆ

`qaTami~, ac◦ˆmw `krazana~, ac◦ `xari, amw `buzi~, amcabz àli~, amc `cecxli~,

abz èna~.

es saxelebi Sedgeba ori arsebiTi saxelisagan, amasTan winamavali ar-

sebiTi saxeli mimarTebiTi zedsarTavis funqciiT gvevlineba, amitomac win

uZRvis sazRvruls, gamodis msazRvrelad.

42

2) orkomponentiani kompozitebi, romlebic Sedgeba arsebiTi da zedsar-

Tavi saxelebis fuZeebisagan: a…aÂafS `wiTuri kaci~, a…aÂˆ `kaci~, afS <

ayafS `wiTuri~, aCéÁq◦a `Savi cxeni~, aC´ˆ `cxeni~, aÁq◦a `Savi, J◦rac◦b½a `sibe-

re cudi~, aJ◦ra `sibere~, ac◦g½a `cudi~.

3) orkomponentiani kompozitebi, romlebic Sedgeba ori arsebiTi saxe-

lisagan da dakavSirebulia erTimeoresTan i- kavSiriT: aCéÁjˆka `pur-mari-

li~, aCa `puri~, ajˆka `marili~, ac◦eÁJ `sxeuli~, ac◦a `kani~, aJˆ `xorci~.

4) orkomponentiani kompozitebi, romlebic Sedgeba ricxviTi saxelis

fuZisa da arsebiTi saxelisagan: a-Âˆ-maa àrfa~, Âba òri~, amaa `xeli~.

5) samkomponentiani kompozitebi, romlebic Sedgeba saxeluri da zmnu-

ri fuZeebisagan: abˆzkaTaha òbobas qseli~, abˆz èna~, akaTa `bade~, ahara

`qsova~, lax½ˆnwac◦g½a ùbeduri~. alax½ `Subli~, a-nwa-ra `dawera~, ac◦ga

`cudi~.

6) orkomponentiani kompozitebi, romlebic Sedgeba saxeluri Zirisa da

zmnuri Zirisagan. aJ◦afya àndaza~, aJ◦a `sityva~, afy-ra `gaWra~, amragˆlara

àRmosavleTi~, amra `mze~, agˆlara àdgoma~.

7) oTxkomponentiani kompozitebi, romlebic Sedgeba saxeluri da zmnu-

ri fuZeebisagan. amaSxulw ìdayvi~, a-ma-pˆ || a-na-pˆ `xeli~, a-Sa-pˆ `fexi~, ax◦a

`moRunuli~, a-lw-ra `gamoZroma~, aC´…afwarS´ `saofle, ToqalTo~, aC´ˆ `cxe-

ni~, a-…apa `nabadi~, wa `qveS~, a-wa-rS◦-ra `qveS dageba~.

kompoziciis (Txzvis) dros zogadobis a- prefiqsi daerTvis mxolod

axali, rTuli sityvis (kompozitis) pirvel rTul wevr fuZes.

43

afiqsacia afxazurSi produqtiulia. afiqsTa erTi nawilis mniSvneloba

gamWvirvalea, isini praqtikulad naxevarafiqsebs warmoadgenen, zogi afiq-

sis warmomavloba ki sagangebodaa sakvlevi:

a) ganyenebul cnebaTa (abstraqtuli saxelebis) mawarmoebeli -ra su-

fiqsi: axawa-ra `vaJkacoba~, afsŸara àfxazoba~

b) profesiis, moqmedis aRmniSvneli -Âˆ̂̂̂ sufiqsi, romelic adamianis aR-

mniSvnel Zirs emTxveva: arwa-Âˆ `maswavlebeli~, awaÂˆ `moswavle~, aZsa-Âˆ

`mocurave~...

g) Tvisebis, Cvevis, maneris an xerxis aRmniSvneli -Sa sufiqsi: a…aÂˆ-Sa

àdamianoba~, ayaz-Sa `Tviseba, xasiaTi~, absa-Sa `curvis xerxi~...

d) samoqmedo sagnis an daniSnulebis -t◦ sufiqsi, romelic emTxveva a-

t◦ˆ `sakuTreba~ sityvis Zirs: a…su-t◦ `samuSao, gasakeTebeli ram~, a†a-t◦

`saWmeli~, aÁTaga-t◦ `saTargmni~

e) moqmedebis iaraRis aRmniSvneli -ga sufiqsi: axˆs-ga `sasroli (iara-

Ri)~, aJˆ-ga `bari~, arwa-ga `saxelmZRvanelo~

v) kninobiT-alersobiTi saxelebis -J◦ sufiqsi, romelic ukavSirdeba aJ◦

`beberi, Zvali~ sityvis fuZes: akaT◦a-J◦ `dedaberi~, alˆga-J◦ `berikaci~, aga-

Za-J◦ `briyvi, suleli~

z) familaruli mimarTvis -xeÁt sufiqsi, romelic mxolod adamianis

sakuTar saxelebs daerTvis: manCa-xeÁt `Cemo manCa~

T) naSierTa an mcire zomis saganTa mawarmoebeli (deminutivis) -s su-

fiqsi: asˆ-s `batkani~, aZˆ-s `Tikani~, ah◦ˆ-s `xbo~

i) erTeulis, calis aRmniSvneli -k sufiqsi, romelic ganusazRvrelo-

basac gamoxatavs: C´ˆ-k èrTi cxeni~, S◦y◦ˆ-k èrTi wigni~ xah◦ˆ-k èrTi qva~

erTeulis calis aRmniSvneli -c sufiqsi: axapˆ-c `cali kbili~, abR½ˆ-c

`cali foToli~, aSxˆ-c èrTi futkari~

k) simciris aRmniSvneli -ba sufiqsi, romelic simcirisave aRmniSvnel -

44

s || > z sufiqss mosdevs: ala-s-ba `lekvi~, arfˆ-z-ba `Wabuki~, afh◦ˆ-z-ba `qa-

liSvili~...

l) eTnonimTa, tomis saxelTa an sadaurobis mawarmoebeli -…………a, sufiqsi,

romelic emTxveva adamianis sadaurobis aRmniSvnel -…a Zirs: afsˆ-…a àfxa-

zi~, aqˆrT-…a `qarTveli~, agrˆ-…a `megreli~...

m) gvarsaxelTa mawarmoeblad Tavdapirvelad a-fa `vaJi, Ze~ sityvis

kuTvnilebis prefiqsiani i-fa `misi (mk.) Ze~ forma daerTvoda ZiriTad sa-

xels. es warmoeba ramdenime gvarsaxels dResac aqvs: inal-ifa ìnalis Ze~,

dadal-ifa `dadalis Ze~ SemdgomSi ifa elementi Seerwya winamaval sakuTar

saxelebs, daikarga kuTvnilebis Á- prefiqsi, xolo f- Tanxmovani gamJRerda.

am gziT miviReT -ba sufiqsi, romelic afxazur gvarsaxelTa umravlesobas

awarmoebs. q½ˆc-ba, w◦ˆj-ba, Sˆnq◦-ba... Tu -ba sufiqsian gvars mosdevs am gva-

ris mamakacis saxeli, maSin -ba sufiqsi uCinardeba:

qalis aRniSvnisas -ba sufiqsis nacvlad -fha àsuli~ fuZe emateba

gvarsaxelis ZiriTad nawils: qaˆc-fha, w◦ˆj-fha...

afxazuri warmoSobis ramdenime gvars awarmoebs krebiTobis -aa sufiq-

sic: aSx◦aw-aa, barmˆS-aa, abgaj-aa... sxva SemTxvevaSi ori a xmovniT gadmoice-

ma qarTveluri warmoSobis gvarsaxelebi, romlebic qarTul saliteraturo

enaSi -va daboloebiT gvxvdeba: WiTanaa < WiTanava, siWinaa < siWinava...

n) adgilis aRmniSvneli -Ta sufiqsi: ag◦-Ta `Sua adgili, Suaguli~,

ag◦ar-Ta `qarTa, saqonlis sadgomi~, bzˆf-Ta `bzifis xeoba~.

adgilis aRmniSvnelia agreTve rTuli -r-Ta, -s-Ta, T-ra sufiqsebi: au-

su-rTa `samuSao adgili~, ac◦arTa `sawoli~ afx½a-rTa `samkiTxvelo~

o) toponimTa mawarmoebeli -rˆ̂̂̂fS sufiqsi, romelic -r Tanxmovani Se-

saZloa kuTvnilebis prefiqsi iyos, xolo -fS elementis warmoSoba gaurkve-

velia: d◦-rˆfS `durifSi~, cand-rˆfS `candrifSi~... toponimebs awarmoebs ag-

reTve rTuli -r-x◦a `maTi gora, maTi borcvi~ naxevarsufiqsi: jˆ-rx◦a `jir-

xva~, blabˆ-rx◦a `blaburxva~... oriode toponimSi dasturdeba agreTve -ˆ̂̂̂n || -

45

nˆ̂̂̂ sufiqsi: afs-nˆ àfxazeTi~, agˆr-nˆ `samegrelo~, bzˆf-ˆn `bzifis afxaze-

Ti~.

p) naSromis, nakeTobis aRmniSvneli -mTa sufiqsi: aÂˆ-mTa `naweri, Txzu-

leba~, ausu-mTa `naSromi~, ayawa-mTa `nakeToba~

J) mamrobiTi sqesis cxovel-frinvelTa aRmniSvneli -R½½½½ naxevarsufiqsi:

arba-R½ `mamali~, ac◦a-R½ `kvercxi~ sityvaSic.

r) sneulebis aRmniSvneli -x½ naxevarsufiqsi, romelic ax½½½½aa `tkivili~

sityvis Zirs ukavSirdeba: ax½ˆ-x `Tavis tkivili, Sakiki~, amRˆ-x½ `muclis

tkivili~, ag◦ˆ-x½ `gulis tkivili~

s) vazis aRmniSvneli naxevarsufiqsi -J, romelic aJ `yurZeni~ sityvas

ukavSirdeba, ah◦ˆh◦ˆ-J `mtredyurZena~ aZnˆ-J `zamTris yurZeni~, aZˆ-J `wyal-

yurZeni~.

46

baTumel afxazTa metyvelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli

Taviseburebani arsebiTi saxelis morfologiur-semasiologiuri

zogierTi kategoriis warmoebisas

a) instrumentalisis kategoria

afxazur enaSi -la sufiqsi, romelic instrumentaliss gamoxatavs iSvi-

aTad gvxvdeba saxelebSi, igi TiTqos calke mdgom damoukidebel sityvadac

aRiqmeba: aC´q◦a rˆ-la d-ceÁt ìgi cxeniT wavida~, zmnaSi mocemuli es afiqsi

Serwymuladaa mocemuli: aC´q◦a d-rˆ-la-ceÁt `cxeni igi miT wavida. es afiqsi

jer kidev ar Serwymia saxels, rogorc es moxda zmnisarTebSi: C´ˆ-la

`mxedr, cxeniT~, napˆ-la `xeliT~, C´ˆn-la dRisiT~.

aseTive viTarebaa baTumel afxazTa metyvelebaSic:

1. S◦Tak a-la afxˆn Áag½zˆyalom èrTi yvaviliT zafxuli ar iqneba~

2. aJ◦a a-la sˆ…SÁt `Sen me sityviT momkali~

3. aZˆ Áˆrro…p C´ˆla `maT wyali cxeniT unda gadaiaron~

amasTan erTad baTumel afxazTa metyvelebaSi (angisas da ferias me-

tyvelebaSi) dasturdeba instrumentalisis -la sufiqsis gansxvavebuli fun-

qciiT gamoyeneba:

a. saTanao kategoriis prefiqsis -c-s funqciiT zmnebSi; amasTan erTad

zmnur formaSi pirTa raodenoba erTiT mcirdeba.

1. lTˆnxa Áˆ-la d-k◦aSon ìgi cekvavda naTesavTan~ (Sdr. afx. lTˆnxa d-

Áˆ-c-k◦aSon)

2. aT a…aa rˆ-la anx¥ra yalom àm adamianebTan erTad cxovreba ar Se-

iZleba~ (Sdr. afx. rˆ-c-ˆnxˆra)

3. seÁSa Áˆ-la d-ceÁt `Cems ZmasTan erTad wavida~ (Sdr. afx. d-Áˆ-c-ceÁt)

b. iribi obieqtis funqciis SeTavseba orpirian gardauval zmnaSi, orpi-

riani zmnis erTpirianad qceva.

1. axac◦a rˆ-la Á-c◦aJ◦on ìsini kacebs elaparakebodnen~ (Sdr. afx. Á-r-

47

ac◦aJ◦on)

2. S◦arT ˆg½ˆrT rˆla S◦eÁbaSˆ `Tqven sxvebTan omobT~ (Sdr. afx. S◦-r-eÁ-

baS)

3. Áˆfh◦ˆs lˆ-la d-ceÁt ìgi Tavis colianad wavida~ (Sdr. afx. d-l-

ceÁt).

msjeloba emyareba (kilba, 1983, 34-38).

g. gamoiyeneba absolutivis nacvlad:

1. ah daa…eÁt Áˆr rˆ-la `mefe jarTan erTad modis~ (Sdr. afx. Áˆr

Áˆmanˆ)

2. aTaca aCara a-la dˆzgoÁt `cols qorwiliT moviyvan~ (Sdr. afx. aCa-

ra yawanˆ)

3. aS◦ abˆsTa a-la Áˆ†a `Wame Romi yveliT~ (Sdr. afx. Áadkˆlanˆ Áˆ†!)

miuxedavad imisa, rom baTumel afxazTa metyvelebaSi -la sufiqsis fun-

qciebi gafarToebulia, igi mainc ver Camoyalibda rogorc brunva (iseve,

rogorc es abazurSia) imdenad, ramdenadac afxazur dialeqtTa msgavsad,

baTumel afxazTa metyvelebaSic -la formdeba rogorc damoukidebeli si-

tyva, romelic dairTavs kuTvnilebis pir-klasis afiqsebs.

`Tanamedrove afxazur-abazur dialeqtebSi -la morfemis paradigmatiza-

ciis procesi mimdinareobs, magram ar aris damTavrebuli, ramdenadac am

afiqss SenarCunebuli aqvs sityvis niSnebi~.

kilba aRniSnavs, rom -la formantis msgavsad baTumel afxazTa metyve-

lebaSi mravalfunqciurobisaken midrekilebas amJRavnebs aseve -ynˆ̂̂̂t◦ Tande-

buli, romlis mniSvnelobacaa `gamosvliTobis~ aRniSvna.

Tandebuli -ynˆt◦, romelic gaformebulia pirklasis afiqsebiT, SeiZle-

ba iTavsebdes:

a. iribi obieqtis aRniSvnas orpirian gardauval zmnaSi, aseve subieqtis

aRniSvnas gardamaval zmnaSi:

1. aTak◦aJ◦c◦a ryent◦ sˆmc◦aJ◦act `me ar velaparakebodi moxuc qalebs~

48

(Sdr. afx. sˆ-r-mac◦aJ◦act)

2. aZˆ ayˆt◦i d-x◦aC´ˆÁt ìgi daixrCo wyalSi~ (Sdr. afx. d-a-x◦aC´ˆ-Át)

amis garda, Tandebuli _ ynˆt◦ SesaZloa Segvxvdes qcevis c◦ prefiqsis

funqciiT zmnebSi:

1. aÁbaSra ayˆnt◦ hS◦rÁt `Cven gveSinia omis~ (Sdr. afx. aÁbaSra

hac◦S◦oÁt)

2. bˆmS◦an sˆfsra ayˆt◦i `Sen ar geSinia Cemi sikvdilis~ (Sdr. afx.

sˆfsra bac◦ˆmS◦an).

kilbas gamoaqvs daskvna, rom -la da -ynˆt◦ formantTa polisemia baTu-

mel afxazTa metyvelebaSi aris mWidro kavSirSi afxazuri zmnis gantvir-

Tvis tendenciasTan. garkveuli gavlena am procesze mouxdenia ucxoenovan

(qarTul da Turqul) gavlenas. es gavlena, eWvgareSea, daaCqara am enaSi sa-

erTo tendenciam _ afxazuri zmnis gamartivebisa saxelis morfologiis ga-

rTulebis xarjze.

b. gardaqceviTobis kategoria

baTumel afxazTa metyvelebaSi, iseve rogorc afxazurSi, gardaqcevi-

Tobis -s sufiqsi erTvis saxelis fuZes da gamoxatavs gardaqceviTobas:

1. x½Âˆs Áxarwari …ˆÁ aWk◦ˆn? `ra daarqves im biWs?~

2. x½Cas dyarweÁt `mwyemsad aqcies~

feriis metyvelebaSi gardaqceviTobis sufiqsi gvevlineba -sa-s saxiTac:

1. uTaxazari mˆh◦sa …yarwˆ…t `Tu ginda siZed gaqcev~

2. aZˆ aaÁg…t padargasa `wyali moaqvs saCuqrad~.

49

zm n a

af x a zur i z m n a morfolog iur k at e gor i aT a s iu x v iT g a mo -

i r C e v a . a m e n a s a r g a a C n i a brun e b i s s i st e m a , a m ito m i s , r ac

s x v a e n e b S i s a x eli s bru n v aT a m e S v eo b iT a i s a x e b a , af x a zurS i

z m n i s s a Su ale b iT g ad moic e m a

p ir i s , kl a s i s a d a ric x v i s k at e gor i a af x a zurS i .

piris, klasisa da ricxvis kategoria afxazurSi pirvelad gamoKo g g g g. . . . rorororo----

zenzenzenzenmamamama.

g. rozenis azriT, afxazurSi subieqtis simravle piris nacvalsaxelur

prefiqsebSi gamoixateba, isini (piris prefiqsebi) droTa mixedviT ar icvleba

piris niSnebi emsgavseba nacvalsaxelebs; nacvalsaxeliT aGniSnuli obieqti,

romelzedac moqmedeba gadadis, zmnaSi CaerTvis, obieqtis prefiqsebi ar gan-

sxvavdeba subieqtisagan. subieqtsa da obieqts arCevs azri da adgilmdebareo-

ba: TavSi dasmuli niSani obieqtisaa, momdevno _ subieqtisa ([196], gv. 77-

80). g. rozens garCeuli ara aqvs gardamavali da gardauvali zmnis gansxvaveba

piris afiqsTa ganlagebis mixedviT.

afxazuri zmnis piris, klasisa da ricxvis kategoriaTa Taobaze

saKuradGebo mosazrebebi aqvs gamoTqmuli pppp. . . . ususususlarslarslarslars: (170).

piris, klasisa (`род~) da ricxvis niSnebi nacvalsaxeluri damaxasiaTeble-

biT aisaxeba zmnaSi ([170], gv. 16).

afxazurSi klasebad daKofa xdeba gonierTa da aragonierTa mixedviT

([170], gv. 17).

piris niSanTa cvla drois cvlilebas ar eqvemdebareba ([170], gv. 22).

50

p. uslars ara marto sworad aqvs aGniSnuli piris, klasisa da ricxvis

niSnebi, aramed aseve sworad aqvs SeniSnuli gardamaval da gardauval zmnebSi

maTi ganlagebis Tavisebureba ([170], gv. 57-59).

d- niSani ixmareba adamianis aGmniSvnelad III piris mxolobiT ricxvSi,

ganurCevlad sqesisa. aragonierTa klasi i- niSniT aGiniSneba ([170], gv. 45). III

piris mxolobiT ricxvSi nivTis klasis gardamavali zmnis subieqti na- pre-

fiqsiT aGiniSneba ([170], gv. 53).

p. uslars ar gamorCenia arc samimarTebo nacvalsaxelTa Semcveli forme-

bi ([170], gv. 50). piris niSanTa gamjGerebisa ([170], gv. 45-47) da fuZis gankve-

Tis SemTxvevebi, magram am ukanasknelis gamomwvevi mizezis dadgena ver mouxer-

xebia ([170], gv. 52).

piris, klasisa da ricxvis kategoriebs afxazuri enis zmnaSi Seexo nnnn. . . . mamamama----

ricricricric ([159], gv. 1-33).

iafeturi enebis msgavsad afxazurSi gvaqvs mimarTebiTi formebi, romle-

bic or mimarTebas gamoxataven erTdroulad: 1. mimarTebas pirdapiri obieq-

tisadmi da 2. mimarTebas iribi obieqtisadmi. am dros prefiqsebi aseTi rigiT

lagdebian: Jer pirdapiri obieqtis niSania, (mag. -i), Semdeg iribi obieqtisa

(mag. -u) da mesame adgilze subieqtisa (mag. -s) ([159], gv. 1-33).

gggg. . . . dedededeeeeetertertertersisisisi afxazurSi piris niSnebs Kofs posesiur da subieqtur niSne-

bad. posesiuria s, ~�, l, (n) a, h(a), S°, r º d, subieqturi _ (z) (1 p.), E, b,

d, (~�), (aa), (j°), (~). amaTgan sqesis niSnebia E, b, l. gonieris aGmniSvnelia

_ ~, l, d, aragonierisa _ (na), (~�), ganusazGvrelia, posesiuri z da subieq-

turi ~ ([187], gv. 293).

qvemoT warmodgenili msJeloba ZiriTadad qqqq. . . . lomlomlomlomTaTaTaTaTiTiTiTiZisZisZisZis debulebebs

emKareba:

afxazuri enis zmnas pirovan-klasovani uGvlileba axasiaTebs, rac klaso-

51

vani uGvlilebis ganviTarebis Sedegia ([101], gv. 51-63; [1], gv. 131; 181).

iseve, rogorc qarTvelur enebSi, afxazurSic zmna polipersonaluria;

igi asaxavs subieqtisa da orive obieqtis pirs. Tu qarTvelur enebSi zmnas

SeuZlia mxolod ori piris da mesamis ricxvis (Zv. qarTulSi) morfologiuri

niSnis Segueba, afxazur zmnas erTsa da imave dros sami da meti morfologi-

uri piris afiqsis asaxva ZaluZs.

piris, klasisa da ricxvis niSnebi afxazur zmnaSi prefiqsebia. erTader-

Ti gamonaklisia nivTTa klasis mravlobiTobis _ q°a sufiqsis gamovlena zmna-

Si, garkveul SemTxvevebSi.

afxazuri zmnis erT-erTi umTavresi kategoriaa adamianisa da nivTTa

klasis kategoria.

gramatikul klasebs zmna ganarCevs mxolobiTi ricxvis II da III pirSi; mxo-

lobiTi ricxvis II pirSi zmna asxvavebs mamakacisa da qalis qveklasebs: mk. qvek-

lasis niSania …-, xolo q. qveklasis niSani aris b-; …-co~t `Sen (mk.) midixar~,

b-co~t `Sen (q.) midixar~...

mxolobiTi ricxvis III pirSi zmna ganarCevs adamianTa klass (mk.-isa da q.-

isas erTad), mk-is qveklass, q.-is qveklass, nivTTa klass. adamianTa (gaudife-

rencireblad) klasis formantia d-, mk-is qveklass aGniSnavs prefiqsi ~-, q-is

qveklass ki l-; nivTis klasis maCveneblebia ~�-, a-, na- prefiqsebi...

aGniSnuli afiqsebi klasis Cvenebis garda, gamoxataven agreTve, subieqti-

sa da obieqtebis pirsa da ricxvs.

afxazurSi gamoKofen pirisa da klasis niSanTa or wKebas:

piris niSanTa is wKeba, romelic III pirSi ganarCevs mk.-isa da q.-is klaseb-

sa (cal-calke) da nivTTa klass, pirobiTad wodebulia `l~-s rigad (q.-is

qveklasis afiqsis l-s mixedviT), xolo meore rigi afiqsebisa, romelic III pir-

Si ganarCevs mk.-is (gaudiferencireblad) klass, adamians (pirovnebas) da

nivTs (sagans) saxeldebulia `d~-s rigad. adamianis (gonieris) klasis afiqs

52

`d~-s mixedviT ([156], gv. 389-392; [138], gv. 76, 77; [151]; [180]; [175]; [137]).

piris, klasisa da ricxvis niSanTa sqema:

`l~ `d~

mx. r. mr. r.

Ip. s/z h(a)-/aa

IIp. …- (mamak. kl.)

b- (qalis kl.)

�- (mamak. kl.)

IIIp. l- (qalis kl.)

�-/a-/na-

(aragon kl.)

mx. r. mr. r.

Ip. s h-/ha

IIp. u- (mamak. kl.)

b- (qalis kl.)

d- (adam. kl)

IIIp. �- (aragon kl.)

imisda mixedviT, Tu romeli piris niSani dgas zmnis Ziris win da rome-

li icvleba pirisa da klasis mixedviT, subieqtisa Tu obieqtisa, piris niSan-

Ta wKoba iqneba subieqturi an obieqturi.

wKoba subieqturia, Tu zmnis Ziris win realuri da gramatikuli subieq-

tis niSani dgas da es niSani pirisa da klasis mixedviT icvleba. subieqturi

wKoba gardamaval zmnebSi gvxvdeba.

wKoba obieqturia, Tu zmnis fuZis win obieqtis niSani dgas da es niSani

pirisa da klasis mixedviT icvleba. obieqturi wKoba gardauval da inversiul

zmnebs axasiaTebs.

afxazuri zmnis formebSi gamohKofen e. w. mimarTebiT nacvalsaxelebs, mi-

marTebiT prefiqsebs. es prefiqsebi ganarCevs `d~-sa da `l~-s rigs; ixmareba

mimGeobur warmoebaSi pir-klasis afiqsTa nacvlad: `d~-s rigis afiqsTa na-

cvlad ixmareba i- samimarTebo prefiqsi, `l~-s rigis afiqsTa nacvlad z- sami-

marTebo prefiqsi: i-l-bo `rasac xedavs~, i-Ka-z-wo `vinc akeTebs~...

piris niSanTagan gansxvavebiT, i- da z- prefiqsebi pirs, klassa da ricxvs

ar ganarCevs... saxeluri mravlobiTobis niSani am warmoebebSic daerTvis zmnas

da ricxvs gamoxatavs. aseTive warmoeba dadasturebulia adiGurSic. es for-

r-/d-

So-/jo-

�-

So-

53

mebi sitKva-winadadebebs warmoadgenen mimGeobis funqciiT ([156]; [124]).

afxazurSi ar aris qarTvelur enaTa msgavsi piris niSanTa diferenciacia

subieqtur da obieqtur niSnebad, magram Canasaxis saxiT aseTi dapirispireba

mainc gvaqvs: (Sdr. na- prefiqsi, romelic mxolod gardamavali zmnis subieqts

aGniSnavs).

pirisa da klasis niSnebi afxazurSi subieqtis aGsaniSnavadac gamoiKeneba

da obieqtis aGsaniSnavadac.

maTi sxvadasxva rolSi gamosvla damokidebulia zmnis gardamavlobaze.

sintaqsuri funqciis mixedviT `d~-s rigis piris niSnebi gamoKenebulia:

a) gardauval zmnaTa subieqtisa da b) gardamaval zmnaTa pirdapiri obieqtis

gamosaxatavad. xolo `l~-s rigis piris niSnebi: a) gardamaval zmnaTa subieq-

tisa, b) iribi obieqtisa da g) garkveuli nawilakis darTviT instrumentalo-

bis gamosaxatavad.

afxazur zmnas pir-klasis niSnebi TavSi moudis. maTi adgili mkacrad

gansazGvrulia:

zmnis mTlian formaSi pirvel adgilas KovelTvis `d~-s rigis afiqsebi

gamodis, maT mosdevs `l~-s rigis afiqsebi.

gardauval zmnaSi pirvel adgilas aris subieqtis niSani `d~-s rigisa, II

adgilas iribi obieqtis niSani `l~-s rigisa: d-bˆ-STalo�t ìgi (gon.) Sen

(dk.) mogsdevs~.

gardamaval orpirian zmnaSi pirvel adgilas aris uaxloesi (pirdapiri)

obieqtis niSani `d~-s rigisa, xolo II adgilas subieqtis niSani `l~-s rigisa.

gardamaval sampirian zmnaSi pirvel adgilas dgas uaxloesi (pirdapiri)

obieqtis niSani `d~-s rigisa, mas mosdevs iribi obieqtis da subieqtis niSnebi

`l~-s rigisa: �~-u-ˆ-s-To�t `me Sen (mk.) gaZlev mas (n)~.

zog zmnas piris niSnebis inversiuli wKoba axasiaTebs. inversiulia

grZnoba-aGqmis, kuTvnilebis gamomxatveli da zogi sxva zmna.

54

inversiul zmnaSi gramatikuli subieqtis piris niSani aGniSnavs realur

obieqts, xolo gramatikuli iribi obieqtis niSniT realuri subieqtia gamo-

xatuli. inversiuli zmnebi gardauvalia, isini statikuric SeiZleba iKos da

dinamikuric. inversiul zmnebSi gardamaval zmnaTa msgavsad, realuri subieq-

ti `l~-s rigis afiqsebiT gamoixateba, magram `l~-s rigis afiqsebiT sinamdvi-

leSi iribi obieqtia gadmocemuli.

Kvela gardamavali zmna zog zmnur kategoriaSi (potencialisi, uneburo-

ba) inversiuli, e. i. gardauvali xdeba ([32]; [154]; [138], gv. 100, 102; [151]).

afxazurSi, rogorc aGvniSneT, pirisa da klasis niSnebi prefiqsebia or-

save ricxvSi. rTulfuZian gardamaval zmnaSi subieqtis piris niSani gankveTs

fuZes da Ziris win aGmoCndeba: i-Ka-s-we~t `me is gavakeTe~, aKawara `keTeba~.

es movlena imdenad sistematuri xasiaTisaa, rom afxazuri zmnis gardamav-

lobis erT-erT niSnadaa miCneuli.

nivTis klasis subieqtis piris niSnad gardamaval gankveTil zmnebSi

gvxvdeba na-formanti: aJma i-Ka-na-we~t _ `Txam gaakeTa~... ([32], gv. 1-27).

saTanado fonetikur garemoSi pirisa da ricxvis niSnebs cvlileba mo-

sdiT:

I subieqturi piris niSans mxolobiTsa da mravlobiTSi da II subieqturi

pirisa da ricxvis niSans: s-, h-, S°- gardamaval zmnaSi mjGeri TanxmovniT

dawKebul fuZeTa win mosdis asimilacia: s>z, h>aa, S°>j°...

rogorc q. lomTaTiZem gaarkvia, piris niSanTa gamjGereba xdeba mxolod

gardamaval zmnebTan. abazur dialeqtebSi aGniSnul movlenas (igulisxmeba pi-

ris niSanTa gamjGereba) adgili aqvs mkveTri TanxmovniT dawKebul zmnaSic.

afxazurSi gamjGerebuli piris niSani zogJer maSinac gvxvdeba, rodesac saami-

so piroba ar arsebobs: dzˆ mbe�t º dsˆ mbe�t ìgi ver (ar) vnaxe~, es faqte-

bi (ukanasknels avtori dadebiT formaTa analogiiT xsnis) q. lomTaTiZes am

movlenis (piris niSanTa gamjGerebis) unifikaciis momaswavleblad miaCnia

55

([32]; [30], $35; [155]; [66], gv. 161-165; [29], gv. 232, 233, 142-143, 146; [150]).

`l~-s rigis III piris mravlobiTobis niSani r-, kauzativis kategoriis ma-

warmoebel r- formantTan Sexvedrisas ganicdis disimilacias: r>d... q. lomTa-

TiZis azriT, am fonetikur movlenas aqvs garkveuli morfologiuri safuZve-

li: _ ès afiqsebi warmoSobiT erTni Cans, Semdgom funqciurad gansxvavebu-

li... kauzativis afiqsic igive mravlobiTobis afiqsi unda KofiliKo... SesaZ-

loa, disimilaciis am faqtiT Semogvenaxa piris niSnis mosalodneli saxeoba

([34], gv. 91).

calke aGniSvnis Girsia afxazurSi mravlobiTobis asaxva zmnaSi -q°a nivT-

Ta klasis mravlobiTobis mawarmoebeli formantiT: iKaswe~t `me is gavakeTe~,

iKaswaq°e~t `me isini gavakeTe~. am sakiTxs specialuri gamokvleva miuZGvna rrrr. . . .

JaJaJaJananananaSiSiSiSiamamamam: ([130]).

-q°a sufiqsi ixmareba afxazurSi Kvelanair zmnasTan. misi xmareba fakul-

taturia, igi daerTvis zmnis fuZes drois mawarmoebelTa win da aGniSnavs: 1)

pirdapiri obieqtis simravles, 2) gardauvali zmnis subieqtis simravles, 3)

gardamavali zmnis subieqtis simravles, 4) iribi obieqtis simravles, 5) moqme-

debis mravalgzisobas.

am SemTxvevebidan afxazurisaTvis Kvelaze niSandoblivia pirdapiri obieq-

tisa da gardauvali zmnis subieqtis simravlis aGniSvna -q°a sufiqsiT; e. i.

`d~-s rigis afiqsebiT gamoxatul pirTa mravlobiToba. Sdr.: Zveli qarTulis

viTareba: -en sufiqsiT pirdapiri obieqtisa da zogJer gardauvali zmnis su-

bieqtis mravlobiTobis asaxva zmnaSi.

r. JanaSias azriT, III pirSi -q°a sufiqsis darTva imiTaa gamowveuli, rom

`d~-s rigis III piris mravlobiToba gamoixateba erTi �- formantiT, roca mxo-

loobiT ricxvSi imave rigSi ori: d- da ~ �- formanti gvaqvs _ erTi adamia-

nisa da meore nivTisaTvis.

`l~-s rigis afiqsebiT gadmocemul pirTa simravlis aGsaniSnavad -q°a su-

56

fiqsis gamoKeneba afxazurisaTvis nakleb damaxasiaTebeli, meoreuli movlenaa

([130], gv. 247-251).

afxazuri zmnisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia agreTve iseTi SemTxvevebi (ganpiro-

bebuli sxvadasxva mizezebiT), rodesac zmnaSi subieqtisa an romelime obieq-

tis piri ar aisaxeba:

subieqtis piri ar Cans gardamaval zmnaSi:

a) absolutivSi,

b) dadebiT brZanebiTSi.

a) absolutivSi zmnis subieqtis niSani ar Cans, momdevno zmnis saSuale-

biT irkveva, romeli piria moqmedi: i-Ka-s-we~t _ `me gavakeTe~ _ piriani for-

maa, i-Kawanˆ s-aa~t _ `keTebiT movedi~ _ absolutivia.

absolutivSi subieqtis piris niSnis uqonloba gardamaval zmnaSi q. lom-

TaTiZes im uZveles movlenad miaCnia, rodesac gardamaval zmnaSi mxolod pir-

dapiri obieqtis piri aGiniSneboda ([28], gv. 4-13).

... calke unda aGiniSnos, rom lokaluri preverbebi irib obieqts Se-

iwKoben konkretuli (gansazGvruli) SinaarsiT gamoKenebisas, xolo uobieq-

tod warmogvidgebian, roca isini ganzogadebulad (ganusazGvreli SinaarsiT)

ixmareba: Sdr.: aS° amaa a-y´ˆ-~-j°e~t _ `karis saxeluri mohgliJa~, alemhaq°a

y´ˆ-ij°e~t _ `Kurebi aagliJa~.

SeiZleba zogJer iribi obieqtis piris niSani morfemiseul xmovanTa

SerwKmis safuZvelze iKos gauCinarebuli; amis niadagze warmoqmnil rTul,

SerwKmul morfemaSi igi uTuod daculad unda CaiTvalos ([35], gv. 60, 61).

piris niSnebi afxazurSi piris nacvalsaxelTagan momdinareobs. es faqti

Jer kidev uslarma aGniSna. samecniero literaturaSi es debuleba gaziarebu-

lia ([170], gv. 15).

piris nacvalsaxelebSi ki Tavkidura TanxmovanTa saxiT klas-kategoriis

zogi formanti Semogvenaxa ([99]).

57

afxazurSi, rogorc aGvniSneT, warmodgenilia uGvlilebis klasovan-pi-

rovani tipi. afxazur enaSi polipersonaluri zmnis warmoqmna xdeboda kla-

sovani uGvlilebis TandaTanobiTi moSlisa da pirovani uGvlilebis TandaTa-

nobiTi CamoKalibebis procesSi ([59], gv. 443).

afxazurma enam klasovani uGvlilebidan klasovan-pirovan uGvlilebaze

gadasasvlelad gamoiKena prefiqsuli gza. `l~-s rigis afiqsebi `d~-s rigis

afiqsTa fonetikur saxesxvaobas warmoadgens; Semdeg moxda maTi gamoKeneba uk-

ve piris niSnebad ([20], gv. 55).

afxazur zmnaSi monopersonalizmis droisaa `d~-s rigis afiqsebi, romle-

bic axla adamianis klass aGniSnavs ([1], 149). istoriulad `d~ afiqsi nivTis

klasis aGmniSvneli unda KofiliKo ([164], gv. 9-12; [59], gv. 443, 447; [7], gv.

66).

afxazurSi klasebad daKofas safuZvlad edo daKofa pirovnebisa da sa-

gnis klasebad ([139], gv. 91-102).

nivTTa klasis afiqsiT Jer qalis, xolo Semdeg saerTod adamianis klasis

aGniSvna iberiul-kavkasiur enaTaTvis damaxasiaTebelia. afxazurSi nivTTa

klasis d- niSani adamianTa kategoriis aGsaniSnavadaa gamoKenebuli; d- niSnis

nivTTa klasis niSnidan momdinareobas adasturebs misi (d- formantis) gamo-

vlena III piris mravlobiTobis niSnad kauzativis kategoriis warmoebaSi ([34]).

xolo saerTo wesis mixedviT, iberiul-kavkasiur enebSi mravlobiTobis niSani

adamianTa kategoriis niSnidan ar miiGeba, e. i. d- nivTisa iKo ([1], gv. 151).

nivTTa klasidan d- niSani adamianTa kategoriaSi gadmovida Jer qalis

klasis aGsaniSnavad da Semdeg ganzogadda adamianis kategoriis niSnad.

b- niSani afxazurSi unda KofiliKo qalis kategoriis saerTo niSani pi-

rebis garCevamde. adiG. f-x°ˆ > b-x°ˆ _ `qali~, Sdr.: x°ˆ _ `mamakaci~, afxa-

zurSi qalis klasi II pirSi gamoixateba b- niSniT, II piris mamakacis v- niSani

geneturad ukavSirdeba saerTo iberiul-kavkasiur v- niSans: xunZ. vugo _

58

`var~, qarTv. var. voreq _ `var~, xvari _ `var~ ([164], gv. 10).

q. lomTaTiZis azriT, absolutivis kategoria win uswrebs drois katego-

rias. drois CamoKalibebasTan erTad, Tavi iCina subieqtis pirmac zmnaSi. am

niadagze erTmaneTs daupirispirda:

absolutivi _ dˆ-ba-n _ ìgi (ad.) naxviT~...

namKo ganusazGvreli _ dˆ-z-ba-n _ `me vnaxe igi~

b) afxazuri gardamavali zmnis dadebiTi brZanebiTis formaSi ar aisaxeba

subieqtis piri:

i-Ka-u-we~t _ `Sen (mk.) gaakeTe is (n.)~

i-Ka-wa! _ `gaakeTe is (n)~...

q. lomTaTiZe uSvebs, rom brZanebiTisa da absolutivis warmoebis prin-

cips Soris garkveuli kavSiri unda iKos subieqtis gamouxatvelobis mxriv; ...

subieqtis piris gaCena gardamaval zmnaSi meoreuli movlenaa. Tavdapirvelad

gardauval zmnaSi gamoixateboda subieqtis piri, gardamavalSi pirdapiri obi-

eqtisa, iseve, rogorc sxva kavkasiur enebSi. e. i. afxazuri gardamavali zmnac

neitraluria gvarTa mixedviT ([28], gv. 12; [150]).

SesaZloa, afxazur zmnaSi gauCinardes nivTis klasis III piris uaxloesi

obieqtis niSani, Tu zmnis formas win uZGvis nacvalsaxeli, an arsebiTi saxe-

li:

aCa (�) …ˆ-s-To�t `me Sen (mk.) purs gaZlev~ Sebrunebul wKobaSi uaxloe-

si (pird.) obieqtis niSani aGdgeba: �-…ˆ-s-To�t aCa _ `gaZlev purs~.

iribi obieqtis niSani SeiZleba ar axldes zog preverbian zmnas. es ima-

zea damokidebuli, Tu rogori SinaarsiT aris preverbi gamoKenebuli zmnaSi:

konkretuliTa Tu ganzogadebuliT.

vvvv. . . . konkonkonkonJaJaJaJaririririasasasas azriT, pirvelad afxazurSi …ara nacvalsaxeliT aGiniSnebo-

da rogorc qali, ise kaci (v- adamians niSnavda saerTod) TandaTan … for-

mantma daiwKo mk. klasis II piris niSnis funqciis Sesruleba ([182], gv. 391,

59

392).

`� (> i), romelic I gramatikul klass, nivTTa klass da aqedan mravlobiT

ricxvs gamoxatavs, erTi da igive odenoba unda iKos istoriulad da nivTTa

klasis r º d-s unda ukavSirdebodes... safiqrebelia, nivTTa klasis na > a

ukavSirdebodes imave *d-s. a-s nivTTa klasis funqcia n-s dakargvis Semdeg un-

da hqondes miGebuli, Tavdapirvelad igi klasis niSnis Tanmdevi Tanxmovani

unda KofiliKo (Sdr. …a, da, la...)~ ([1], gv. 151).

afxazurisaTvis navaraudevia oTxklasiani amosavali sistema:

I v > …

II d > º l

III b(a) º b

IV d º r º n (1)

pirisa da klasis niSanTa warmoSobis Taobaze, rogorc vxedavT, ZiriTa-

dad, erTi azrisani arian mkvlevrebi: pirisa da klasis niSnebi klasis niSan-

Tagan da piris nacvalsaxelTagan momdinareobs.

tapanTurSi pirisa da klasis niSnebi igivea, rac afxazurSi, aqac ori

rigi gamoiKofa pirisa da klasis niSnebisa (imave principiT): `d~-s rigi, `l~-s

rigi.

gardamaval mjGeri TanxmovniT dawKebul zmnasTan, afxazuris msgavsad,

tapanTurSic I subieqturi piris niSani mxolobiTSi da I da II subieqturi pi-

ris niSnebi mravlobiTSi mjGerdeba. tapanTurSi gamjGerebas iwvevs mkveTri

TanxmovniT dawKebuli erTi ak� abara _ `bana~ zmnac ([27]; [150]; [183]).

tapanTurSi daculia is mjGeri _ „ _ spiranti, romlisganac momdinareobs

afxazuri h > aa (I piris niSani mravlobiT ricxvSi): iTa-„-jˆb _ `mas (n) Sig Cavag-

debT~ ([27], $40).

afxazurSi III piris subieqtis niSnad nivTTa klasSi (Tu zmna gardamavali

sampiriania, an orpiriani rTulfuZiani) gvevlineba -na- prefiqsi. danarCen Se-

60

mTxvevebSi aris a-. tapanTurSic asea, magram aq zmnebs ufro axasiaTebT winde-

buliani formebi. piris niSanic aseT SemTxvevaSi eqceva windebulis Semdeg da

rTuli fuZis mqone zmnaTa msgavsad, nivTTa klasis subieqtis piris niSani

warmogvidgeba na-s da ara a-s saxiT: aC´ˆ danaba _ ìs (ad.) cxenma roca daina-

xa~.

na- formanti aaaa.... gen gen gen genkoskoskoskos a- formantisagan miGebulad miaCnia sintagmis

araswori daKofis pirobebSi ([135], gv. 191; [168], gv. 109).

tapanTurSi warmodgenili piris, klasisa da ricxvis gamoxatvis sistema

zmnur formaSi materialuradac da agebulebis principiTac savsebiT emTxveva

afxazurisas.

TiTqmis aseTive viTarebaa aSxarulSic:

1. zogJer aSxarulSi a- klasis niSnis magier i- ixmareba, rac SemTxveviTi

faqtis STabeydilebas axdens: aS◦ iy◦ˆ aa�xt _ ìgi (n) karTan movida~. es Se-

iZleba adiGeuris gavleniT aixsnas.

2. `sxva~ _ sitKva Kvela dialeqtSi xan aCá-s saxiTaa, xan daCá-s saxiT. aS-

xarulSi dasturdeba raCák, rac `d~-s gramatikuli klasis niSnad kvalifika-

cias ueyvels xdis.

3. aSxarulSi I piris niSnis gaumjGerebeli saxeobac dasturdeba mravlo-

biT ricxvSi: ihaz◦ˆp _ `davlevT~...

4. zmnis uarKofiT formaSi, sadac gamjGerebis piroba moxsnilia, xSirad

gvxvdeba piris niSnis gamjGerebuli saxeoba ([30], $35).

tapanTuri da aSxaruli dialeqtebi umniSvnelo gadaxraTa miuxedavad,

mihKveba afxazur enas piris, klasisa da ricxvis kategoriaTa warmoebis saki-

TxSi.

61

warmowarmowarmowarmoqmnis kaqmnis kaqmnis kaqmnis katetetetegogogogoririririeeeebibibibi

pirTa raodenobis zrdasTan erTad, afxazur-adiGur enaTaTvis damaxasia-

Tebel polipersonalur zmnas saSualeba eZleva gamoxatos nairgvari mimarTe-

ba subieqtur da obieqtur, an obieqtur pirebs Soris. zmnaSi morfologiuri

niSniT gamoxatuli, pirebs Soris arsebuli urTierTmimarTeba qmnis iberiul-

kavkasiur enaTa zmnis morfologiur da sitKvawarmoebiT kategoriaTa mraval-

ferovnebas.

afxazur-adiGuri enebis relatiur (da zogJer absolutur zmnasac)

uGlebis kategoriaTa _ piris, klasis, ricxvis) garda moepoveba warmoqmnis

kategoriebi: qcevis, potencialisis, uneburobis, kauzativisa da saurTierTo-

saTanao.

62

qqqq c ec ec ec e v i s k av i s k av i s k av i s k atetetete gogogogori ar i ar i ar i a

afxazuri enis zmnas axasiaTebs qcevis kategoria.

afxazurSi qcevis kategoria ramdenadme gansxvavdeba qarTvelur enaTa

qcevis kategoriisagan.

qqqq. . . . lomlomlomlomTaTaTaTaTiTiTiTiZeZeZeZe afxazur-abazurSi gamoKofs or qcevas: saTaviso (sasubieq-

to) da sasxviso (saobieqto) qcevebs ([40], gv. 411-419; [153]; [152]; [151]).

afxazuri enis gramatikaSi gamoKofilia agreTve qcevis mesame saxeobac,

neitraluri qceva. calkea gamoKofili ukuqceviTobis kategoria ([138], gv.

136-143).

q. lomTaTiZis naSromebSi afxazurSi neitraluri qcevis gamoKofis Se-

mTxvevas ver vxvdebiT; ukuqceviTobis kategorias q. lomTaTiZe saTaviso qce-

vad miiCnevs ([153]).

pppp. . . . ususususlalalalariririri aGniSnuli qcevis saxeobas ukuqceviTs uwodebs, uslari

gamoKofs agreTve zmnaTa ukuqceviT formebs, romlebSic C´- elementi ar mona-

wileobs �ˆ-S°-~-ˆ-wue~t ìs icvams~ da sxv. ([170], gv. 62, 63).

1. saTaviso (sasubieqto) qceva iwarmoeba zmnur formaSi _ refleqsuro-

bis elementis monawileobiT. es elementi mosdevs `l~-s rigis afiqsebs da

aGniSnavs gardamavali zmnis subieqtis mxolod Tavisave Tavze moqmedebas.

afx.: �C´ˆ-~-w°axˆ~t _ `man Tavi daimala~.

C´- refleqsurobis elements q. lomTaTiZe adasturebs tapanTurSic. Tu

afxazurSi refleqsurobis elements kuTvnilebiTi afiqsi mudam win axlavs,

da piris or niSans warmogvidgens: afx. s-C´ˆ-s-Sue~t _ `Tavs viklav~, tapan-

TurSi refleqsuri formebis C´- elements kuTvnilebis gamomxatveli piris

niSnebi aGar erTvis da afxazuri s-C´ˆ-s-Sue~t-is nacvlad tapanTurSi C´ˆsSit

formas vxvdebiT.

tapanTurSi zmna sakuTari Tavisaken mimarTul moqmedebas kauzativis

63

formiTac gamoxatavs: fSátak° ssrˆsˆp _ `cota qars moviqroleb~... ([27], $44;

152).

_ refleqsurobis elementi aSxarulSi TiTqos fuZesaa Sezrdili; es na-

Teli xdeba sagaremoebo afiqsTa warmoebisas: -S´-, -an-..., romlebic rigiT pir-

veli piris afiqsis Semdeg daismis afxazurSi: s-C´-anˆ-s-SEa _ `me Tavs roca

viklav~... aSxarulSi ki C´- elementi sagaremoebo afiqsebis Semdeg moxvedrila:

S´ˆ-C´ˆ-dsˆrdˆrra _ `maT me rogorc Tavi gavacno~...

aGniSnul formaTa warmoebisas aSxarulSi dasturdeba sami safexuri:

1) C´- elements axlavs kuTvnilebiTi afiqsi: uC´ˆrtla `gaixade~, 2) kuTvnile-

biTi afiqsi CamoSorebulia: C´ˆlS~t `Tavi moikla~, 3) kuTvnilebiTi afiqsi

CamoSorebulia da zmnas uCndeba obieqtis niSani.

aSxarulSi, afxazurisagan gansxvavebiT, tapanTuris msgavsad, ukuqceviTi

moqmedeba SeiZleba piris niSnis gaorkecebiTac moxdes: ~aassˆrdˆrp `me Cems

Tavs gavagebineb~ ([30], $38).

2. saTaviso qceva gamoxatavs subieqtis moqmedebas, mimarTuls Tavissave

sxeulis nawilze, romelic konkretul asaxvas poulobs zmnis fuZeSi. mag.,

`tani, sxeuli~ _ afx.-abaz. S°ˆ-, ubix. Ja-; `fexi~ afx.-abaz. Sa-, ubix. l½a _ da

a. S. afxaz.: i-sˆ-Sa-s-wo~t, ubix. a-s-l½a-sˆ-Gan `mas me Cem fexT vicvam~...

([153], gv. 98; [151]; [138], gv. 136-143).

afxazuri zmnis sasxviso qcevas axlavs mimarTulebis aGniSvna da warmo-

dgenilia ori qvesaxeobiT:

a) iribi obieqtisken mimarTuli moqmedeba, romelic aGiniSneba afxazuri

z-, (bzifuri z¶-) afiqsiT ([133]): e. w. iribi obieqtisaTvis sasargeblo qceva:

z- afiqsi gamoxatavs pirdapiri obieqtis gankuTvnebas iribi obieqtisadmi

(gardamaval, sampirian zmnebSi), an subieqtisa da misi moqmedebis gankuTvnebas

iribi obieqtisadmi (gardauval zmnebSi).

z- elementis monawileobiT zmnur formaSi pirTa raodenoba izrdeba er-

64

TiT: sco~t _ `mivdivar~, sizco~t _ `misTvis mivdivar~, iKaswo~t _ `me mas

vakeTeb~, ilzˆKaswo~t _ `me mas misTvis (q) vakeTeb~...

b) iribi obieqtidan mimarTuli moqmedeba, romelic aGiniSneba c°- afiq-

siT.

c°- afiqsi gamoxatavs iribi obiqtisaTvis e. w. saziano, misgan aqeT momar-

Tul moqmedebas.

c°- elementis monawileobiT zmnur formaSi pirTa raodenoba izrdeba

erTiT, rogorc es z-s SemTxvevaSi iKo: st°o~t _ `vJdebi~, sic°t°o~t _ `misi

survilis sawinaaGmdegod vJdebi~, izgo~t _ `me is momaqvs~, ilc°ˆzgo~t _

`me isi misi (q) survilis sawinaaGmdegod momaqvs (varTmev)~.

z-, z¶- elementi q. lomTaTiZis azriT, igivea, rac saxelebSi gamoKenebuli

(a)zˆ _ `Tvis~ Tandebuli. Tu es elementi saxels daerTo, zmnaSi aGar iqneba

warmodgenili da masac erTi, iribi obieqturi piri daakldeba: ax°ˆyˆ izˆ

(~)Kaswo~t _ `bavSvisTvis vakeTeb~, ax°ˆyˆ izˆKaswo~t _ `bavSvs vukeTeb~...

(~)Kaswo~t- orpiriani gardamavali zmnaa, izˆKaswo~t _ sampiriania. sasxviso

qcevaSi zmnas emateba erTi _ irib obietiuri piri ([40], gv. 415; [153]).

zmnaSi z- elementisa da (a)zˆ _ Tandebulis erTianobas p. uslaric Se-

niSnavs: uslari aGniSnul elements kiTxviT formebSic gamoKofs da akavSi-

rebs mas (z- elements) potencialisis kategoriis formantTanac: isˆzˆ‚Eam _

`ver vwer~... p. uslari dasZens, rom z- elements sitKvis mniSvnelobis Se-

cvlac SeuZlia: sˆfS´…e~t _ `vixedebi~, sazˆfS´…e~t _ `velodebi~... ([170],

gv. 63, 64).

c°- elementi didididiuuuumemememezilszilszilszils ubixurad miaCnia ([188], gv. 199).

q. lomTaTiZis azriT, afxazur-ubixuri c°-, rogorc morfologiurad,

ise fonetikurad ukavSirdeba adiGur mkveTr labialur spirants ¬°-s, romli-

saganc momdinareobs Kabardouli †. q. lomTaTiZe c°-s afxazurisave c°ˆr _

`gareT~ windebulidan momdinaredac Tvlis. ac°ˆrwra _ `gareT gamosvla~,

65

ac°ˆrgara _ `gareT gamotana~ ([40], gv. 418).

Cveni azriT, c°- sasxviso qcevis mawarmoebeli afiqsi afxazurSi unda mo-

mdinareobdes ac°a `kani~ leqsemidan: i-l-c°-z-go�t `me raGac misgan (q.) mo-

maqvs), sitKvasitKviTi {warmosaxviTi} mniSvnelobiT: `me misgan kanis mocliT

raGac momaqvs (ix. arn. Ciqobavas sakiTxavebi, IX, Tb., 1998, 28).

sasxviso qcevis z- da c°- prefiqsebi masdarSic Cans. zogJer isini zmnis

fuZesaa Sezrdili: azhara _ `zrda, Tvis mateba~, azwara _ `kleba, Tvis mci-

reba~...

z- da c°- prefiqsebi KovelTvis iribi obieqtis afiqsis Semdeg dgas.

afxazuris z- da c°- prefiqsebiT nawarmoebi sasxviso qceva, qarTulis

`vuklav~ sasxviso qcevis formas, romelic imasac niSnavs, rom `misTvis vklav~

da imasac, rom `misas vklas~, ori gansxvavebuli afiqsiT warmogvidgens ([40],

gv. 418).

orpiriani zmnebi

s a s x v i so ( s a s a r g e blo ) q c e v a

I. akg½ˆ i sz afs a xo m ˆzt _ raimedac CemTvis ar eGireboda ([14], gv. 197).

II. ds ˆ z w a a K a z ar …~�ubas �ah° _ Tu man mikiTxos, ase uTxari ([11], gv.

23).

III. �ara imTa sˆmS´ _ gurG½ara gur‚~araxa �aaszˆKale~t _ misi naCuqari, Cemi

dGis sixaruli, dardad meqca ([11], gv. 25).

IV. anc°a ila TˆnCnˆ aus s z ˆ m a n S °ala xt _ GvTiT wKnarad saqme CemTvis

isev moxerxebuli gaxda ([11], gv. 47).

V. …aaszˆZˆr‚ˆ, wabˆrg …ash°o~t u~� mˆcrada _ momismine, marTals getKvi,

utKuilod ([11], gv. 34).

VI. …szˆfS´ˆ xˆS´q°sa _ melode sam weliwads ([11], gv. 33).

VII. ... d‚agˆlanˆ ubrax½ dizce~t _ adgomiT iq miuvida ([11], gv. 24).

66

sasxviso (sasargeblo) qcevis z- prefiqsi iribi obieqtis niSnis Semdeg

dgas KovelTvis. orpiriani zmna sasxviso qcevis formiT gardauvalia.

s a s x v i so ( s a z i a no ) qc e v a

I. dac ° ˆ m S ° a roE p xawa cg½arak _ kacs ar unda eSinodes siavisa ([11],

gv. 33).

II. apˆrkaz apisar iirbaanZa i c ° ˆ Zt _ sanam mwerals brZanebas aCvenebda,

daekarga ([14], gv. 174).

III. ah°ara d ac ° ˆf x a So n _ Tqmisa rcxvenoda ([14], gv. 175).

IV. a…aa zeg½ˆ feifS´s irˆmoE �arg´ˆ dz ac ° ˆ mct _ rac Kvela adamians

bedad aqvs, isic imas ver gaeqca ([16]).

V. snˆjnˆ ucara s a c °ˆ n x ar ˆ m _ damtoveb ra, Seni wasvla ar damarCens

([11], gv. 34).

VI. kutaG½q° ak sc°ˆf C ´ ˆ ~t _ kvercxebi gamitKda ([14], gv. 174).

VII. ubri arfˆs S°ara iS°ˆ c °c az _ is Kmawvili, Tqven romelic gageqcaT

([11], gv. 28).

VIII. uC´ˆ usg½ˆ isc°ˆf s ~t _ Seni cxeni mainc momikvda ([16]).

IX. ax°ˆyˆ daniba ag°ˆG½ra � c ° û ad a ‚ x e ~t _ bavSvi roca dainaxa

(raGacis) gabedva gauZnelda ([16]).

s aT a v i so ( s a su b i e qto ) qc e v a

saTaviso qcevis forma sampirian zmnaSi SedarebiT iSviaTad gvxvdeba

afxazurSi.

I. us x½anTaZak sa s C ´ a z ˆ s k ˆ ~t _ Zalze mZime saqmes mivuZveni Tavi (moveki-

de) ([11], gv. 35).

II. baSá alaGˆrZ sa s C ´ a s ˆ r g e ~t _ tKuilad cremlebs Tavi movakvlevine

([11], gv. 41).

III. i‚nˆ aSamxˆ a C ´ a n ar g e ~t _ sirbiliT waaKvanina muxls Tavi (gaiqca

67

([14], gv. 176).

IV. sarg½ˆ s C ´ a y ´ a s w a p ih°an _ mec Tavs Sevaymevo Tqva da... ([16]).

V. aZˆ dˆrnˆ ax°ˆyq°a sˆmanˆ aZˆ s C ´ al a s ˆ j ˆ p h °a _ wKlis gadasvliT, bav-

SvebTan erTad Tavs gadavigdebo ([16]).

VI. sne~n wla duk gˆlan s C ´ a v a s k e ~t _ mivedi, didi xe idga, ra mas mive-

kari ([16]).

sampiriani zmnebi

s a s x v i so ( s a s a r g e blo ) q c e v a

I. saS° xa s z a a j °g _ Cemi Kveli me momitaneT ([14], gv. 188).

II. ari aS° xa xazˆ � sz ˆ S ° w ° a x _ es Kveli calke CemTvis SeinaxeT ([14],

gv. 188).

III. apatreT Tˆxnˆ i z ˆ sT i it _ portreti gadaviGe da gavugzavne ([14],

gv. 176).

IV. a a ~z i… a ‚ ivizitt° kartoCka szaaiTiaa~t-h°a Ez a a ic h a ~t _ mo-

sulma kacma savizito baraTi gamomigzavnoso, SemogiTvala man ([14], gv.

176).

V. aS°a lz ˆ s h °o ~t us izzˆsh°ac _ me mas (q.) vumGer, visac vumGerdi

([11], gv. 6).

VI. h°ˆnTqar q°t°arTas ilzdˆrg ˆl az _ mefis saJdom adgilas rac da-

udges ([11], gv. 11).

VII. zˆg½g½ˆ irz ˆlS ´ e ~t w‚a zmam hamTa _ KvelasaTvis gaanawila man (q.)

uTvalavi saCuqari ([11], gv. 12).

VIII. abas s z ˆrE et slax½ˆnwaq°a _ ase miSvrebian Cemi bed-iGblebi ([11], gv.

38).

IX. amxˆ ag°ˆlacia �z ˆrc ° a G ° e ~t _ mas Kana mezoblebma mouxnes ([16]).

X. abri aS°ˆrTra zˆt°E �S°zˆˆmdˆr…azar i s z e �lˆ S ° k a a �h°e~t _ es

68

baGi visac ekuTvnis Tu Tqven ar iciT, gamigeTo, uTxra ([16]).

sampirian zmnebSic qcevis z- formanti irib obieqturi piris niSnis Sem-

deg dgas.

s a s x v i so ( s a z i a no ) qc e v a

I. …a‚ˆ izgart°ˆ iKo… zeg½ˆ sara irc °ˆ z g a p - h °a _ kacisagan wasaGebi

rac aris, Kvelafers me wavarTmevo ([14], gv. 183).

II. alaSára amz ac °ˆlg a n _ qalma sinaTle mTvares waarTva ra ([11], gv.

27).

III. alaGˆrZ alaSára s ˆ c °n ar Zt _ cremlma sinaTle damakargvina ([11],

gv. 40).

IV. imlaSuaz sC´ˆ nasˆmK°wasˆn i sc °a† e ~t _ mSieri cxeni xelSi meca ra,

Semiyama ([14], gv. 174).

V. rabJarq°a rˆxh°a irc °ˆr go n _ maT abJrebs arTmevdnen ([14], gv. 176).

VI. ubri sc °i g a n acenxuras _ es wamarTva mis magivrad... (10).

VII. dac °h a rf x a S a p ubri hara _ SevarcxvenT mas Cven ([14], gv. 24).

VIII. �ani iabi d ˆrc °ˆrG ½ ˆ C… e ~t _ mis dedas da mamas igi mas paravs

([16]).

zmnur formaSi saziano qcevis c°- formanti, z- sasargeblo qcevis for-

mantis msgavsad, KovelTvis iribi obieqtis afiqss mosdevs.

69

pote nc i ali s i s k at e gor i a

afxazur-adiGur enebSi zmnis kategoriaTa Soris gamoiKofa SesaZleblo-

bis (potencialisis) kategoria ([107], gv. 163).

potencialisi ewodeba gramatikul kategorias, romelic ama Tu im moqme-

debis SesaZleblobas gamoxatavs.

potencialisis kategoria dakavSirebulia realur subieqtTan ([138], gv.

132)

potencialisis kategoria morfologiurad aisaxeba zmnaSi.

afxazur zmnas potencialisis kategoria ewarmoeba z- (bzif. z¶-) prefiq-

siT.

afxazur-abazurSi potencialisis niSnis adgili mkacrad lokalizebulia:

kerZod, is KovelTvis dgas realuri subieqtis piris niSnis Semdeg: i-sˆ-z-gom

_ `me mas (n) ver waviGeb~... d-z-com _ ìs ver midis~...

potencialisis niSani rTul zmnebSi iwvevs subieqtis niSnis rTuli fu-

Zidan gadmosmas: i-Ka-s-wo~t _ `me mas (n) vakeTeb~... i-s-zˆ-Kawom `me mas (n) ver

vakeTeb~.

sampirian gardamaval zmnaSi potencialisis warmoebisas irGveva kuTvni-

lebiT afiqsTa Cveulebrivi Tanmimdevroba ([37], gv. 249-255).

rogorc cnobilia, sampirian gardamaval zmnebSi I adgilas dgas pirdapi-

ri (uaxloesi) obieqtis niSani, II adgili iribi obieqturi piris niSans uka-

via, xolo III adgilas gvxvdeba subieqturi piris afiqsi: �~-…-s-To-m `me Sen

(mk.) mas (n.) ar mogcem~. �~-…a-s-h°o-m _ `me Sen (mk.) mas (n.) ar getKvi~.

potencialisis formaSi imave sampirian zmnaSi realuri subieqtis niSans

ukavia II adgili: �~-sˆ-z-…-To-m _ `me Sen (mk.) mas (n.) ver mogcem~, �~-sˆ-z-…a-

h°om _ `me Sen (mk.) mas (n.) ver getKvi~...

potencialisis afiqsi KovelTvis subieqts ukavSirdeba, amitom gardama-

val da gardauval zmnebSi es kategoria erTnairad iwarmoeba.

70

potencialisis afiqsis darTva iwvevs gardamavali zmnis piris niSanTa in-

versias (romelic morfologiur gamoxatulebas poulobs rTulfuZian da sa-

mpirian zmnebSi: gramatikuli subieqti iqceva irib obieqtad da gadmoinac-

vlebs meore, iribi obieqturi piris adgilas:

i-Ka-s-wo~t _ `me mas (n) vakeTeb~

i-Ka-s-wo-m _ `me mas (n) ar vakeTeb~

i-s-zˆ-Kawo-m _ `me mas (n) ver vakeTeb~...

subieqtis niSani gadmosmulia rTuli fuZidan:

i-…-s-To~t _ `me mas (n) Sen (mk.) gaZlev~...

i-…-s-Tom _ `me mas (n) Sen (mk.) ar mogcem~...

i-sˆ-z-…-Tom _ `me mas (n) Sen (mk.) ver mogcem~...

_ subieqtis niSani gadmosmulia iribi obieqtis piris afiqsis adgilas,

xdeba inversia, gardamavali zmna iqceva gardauvlad.

afxazurSi potencialisis kategoria zmnis uarKofiT formebs ufro axa-

siaTebs, dadebiT warmoebaSi ki iSviaTad gvxvdeba ([37], 154).

afxazurSi potencialisis kategoria ewarmoeba zmnas Kvela drosa da ki-

loSi (brZanebiTis garda), kauzatiur warmoebasa da saTanao kategoriaSi

([138], gv. 132).

uarKofiT warmoebaTa gverdiT, potencialisi gvxvdeba zmnis dadebiT _

finitur formebSi: -o~t da -Ep sufiqsianebSi, -h°a nawilakTan erTad, oGond,

unda aGiniSnos, rom momdevno zmna KovelTvis uarKofiTSia: �~-s-zˆ-†ot-h°a

sˆ-Ka-m-ˆzt `me ar megona, Tu Sevyamdi~... �~-s-zˆ-†a-p-h°a sˆ-Ka-mˆ-zt `me ar me-

gona, Sevyam-meTqi~... aseTi warmoeba pirobiT Sinaarss Seicavs.

dadebiT warmoebaSi potencialisi gvxvdeba:

1. kiTxviT formebSi: �zxˆs…o…? `SeuZlia isrolos?~, pirobiT

kiloSi: uzax°azar `Sen (mk.) Tu SegiZlia uSvelo~... 2. natvriT kiloSi:

sˆzcandaz-h°a Œp `netav SeviZlo wasvla~.

71

afxazurSi potencialisi aGweriTadac gadmoicema: alSára `SeZleba~

zmnis saSualebiT. ailkaara sˆlˆmSé~t `ver SeviZel gamego~... Sdr.: potencia-

lisis forma: �~-s-z-e-~-lˆ-m-kaa~t... ìs me (CemTvis) ver gavige~ ([37]; [154]).

afxazurSi adˆrra _ `codna, gageba~ zmnis uarKofiTi formebi potencia-

lisis afiqsis gareSe ar iwarmoeba. igi mudam qarTuli `ver~ nawilakis Sina-

arss atarebs, aSxarulSi ki ig½sˆzdˆram àr vici~ formis gverdiT Cveulebri-

via �g½ˆzdˆram _ àr vici~.

pppp. . . . ususususlalalalariririri potencialisis afiqss ukavSirebda qcevis z- (bzif. z¶-) niSansa

da `Tvis~ Tandebuls. p. uslari aGniSnavda am prefiqsis monawileobas upira-

tesad zmnis uarKofiT formebSi:

�z‚…am _ àr vwer~, isˆz‚…am _ àr SemiZlia wera~... p. uslars isic

hqonda SeniSnuli, rom z- afiqsis gavleniT, subieqturi piris niSani, rTul-

fuZian zmnebSi zmnis fuZis gareT gamodis ([170], gv. 64).

jjjj. . . . didididiuuuumemememezizizizilililili aGniSnavda potencialisis arsebobas zmnis dadebiT warmoe-

bebSi, rogoicaa ìsˆzi† …e~t~ (188, gv. 210).

alalalal. . . . lelelelekikikikiaSaSaSaSvivivivilislislislis mier gamoTqmulia mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom potenci-

alisis kategoriis warmoebisas gardamavalsa da gardauval zmnebSi gansxvave-

buli viTareba dasturdeba. gardauval zmnebSi, iseve rogorc amas fiqrobda

p. uslari, z- (z¶) formanti aGniSnavs daniSnulebas: `Tvis~... sˆzcom _

`raGacisTvis (raGacis gamo) (ar, ver) mivdivar~, xolo rac Seexeba gardamaval

zmnebs, aq potencialisis formebi unda warmoadgendes *idˆr…am, *�aagom da

sxva gardauval, vnebiTi gvaris formaTa qcevian (kuTvnilebis z- `Tvis~ ele-

mentian) saxeobebs. *�aagom àr moitaneba~, magram potencialisi: iszaagom àr

mometaneba~... subieqtis piris gadanacvleba ki (Sdr.: isˆz…Tom `ver mogcem~)

imiTaa gamowveuli, rom z- (z¶-) aq qcevis afiqsia, romelsac zmnis moqmedeba

ganekuTvneba. gardamavali zmnis pirdapiri obieqti ki potencialisis formaSi

subieqtad iqceva ([26], gv. 32-36).

72

qqqq. . . . lomlomlomlomTaTaTaTaTiTiTiTiZesZesZesZes miaCnia, rom al. lekiaSvilis mosazreba afxazuris realur

viTarebas ar asaxavs:

potencialisis SemTxvevaSi gadamwKveti mniSvneloba eniyeba subieqtis niS-

nis adgilmdebareobas: sampirian gardamaval zmnebSi subieqtis niSani daismis

mesame adgilze, rTulfuZian gardamaval zmnebSi subieqtis niSani Caismis

zmnis rTul fuZeSi. es wesi irGveva swored potencialisis kategoriaSi, ri-

Tac gardamavali zmna iqceva gardauvlad. amis gamo, ar aris aucilebloba da-

vuSvaT afxazur enaSi arseboba ararealuri vnebiTi formebisa *idˆr…am, *�aa-

gom...

potencialisis z- afiqsi afxazur-adiGur enebSi mkveTrad gansxvavdeba

qcevis z- afiqsisagan funqciiTac, gamoKenebis wesiTac: qcevis afiqsi erTpiri-

an zmnebSi ar gvxvdeba (Tu zmnas qcevis niSani Sezrdili aqvs, erTpirian for-

maSic iqneba qcevis kategoris niSani); igi gvaqvs oden irib obietur pirTan

(garda kiTxviTi formebisa). qcevis afiqsi dasturdeba rogorc dadebiT, ise

uarKofiT formebSi, potencialisis afiqsi umetesad dasturdeba zmnis

uarKofiTsa da infinitur formebSi da rac damaxasiaTebelia, dakavSirebulia

realur subieqtTan (sul erTia, erTpiriani iqneba zmna, Tu mravalpiriani)

([37], gv. 253).

potencialisis z- prefiqsi erTgvarad ukavSirdeba realur subieqts, ro-

gorc gardamaval, ise gardauval zmnebSi da orsave SemTxvevaSi iwvevs zmnis

inversiul wKobas, romelic Tavis morfologiur gamosaxulebas poulobs

gardamaval zmnaSi, isic garkveul SemTxvevaSi (rTuli fuZis mqone zmnaSi, sa-

mpirian zmnaSi): gramatikuli subieqti iqceva irib obieqtad (daismis meore

adgilas, iribi obieqtis adgilze).

`potencialisis kategoria momdinareobs qcevis kategoriisagan da amde-

nadve damaxasiaTebelia polipersonaluri, kerZod gardamavali zmnisaTvis. un-

da vifiqroT, gardamavali, polipersonaluri zmnidan SemdgomSi igi gavrcel-

73

da gardauval zmnebSi~ ([37], gv. 249-255).

adiGur enebSi potencialisis gamoxatvis oTxi saSualeba arsebobs: pre-

fiqsuli -x° (KabardoulSi) da †- (adiGeurSi); sufiqsuri -† (KabardoulSi)

da -s¶° (adiGeurSi); prefiqsul-sufiqsuri _ x°- _ -†; aGweriTi ([162]; [179];

[177], gv. 3, 4, 6).

adiGur enebSi, iseve, rogorc qarTvelursa da afxazur-abazurSi, poten-

cialisis niSani dakavSirebulia zmnis realur subieqtTan; amasTan, SesaZleb-

lobis kategoria am enebSic ufro metad zmnis uarKofiT warmoebebs axasia-

Tebs.

prefiqsuli potencialisi mxolod gardamaval zmnebs ewarmoeba, igi

cvlis zmnis struqturas: gardamavali zmna iqceva gardauvlad; ar icvleba

zmnis pirTa raodenoba, magram xdeba piris niSanTa inversia: realuri subieq-

ti gamoixateba iribi obieqtis niSniT da realuri obieqti subieqtis niSniT:

s– ar s-S´xˆST–f _ `me ar Sevyam mas~... (orpiriani gardamavali zmna, pir-

dapiri wKoba).

s– ar s-† –-S´xˆ-ST–f _ `me ar SemiZlia imis yama, ar meymeba~...

-s° sufiqsiT nawarmoebi potencialisis forma aqvs Kvela gardamaval da

gardauval dinamikur zmnas. amasTan ar icvleba zmnis struqtura (gardamav-

loba, pirTa raodenoba).

aS ar ˆ…yˆST–f _ ìs ar moklavs mas~ (orpiriani, gardamavali zmna).

aS ar ˆ…yˆ-s¶°-ST–f _ `mas ar SeuZlia moklas igi~ (orpiriani, gardamava-

li zmna).

adiGeurSi potencialisis gamoxatvis kidev ori saSualebaa: prefiqsul-

sufiqsuri da aGweriTi. es ukanaskneli meoreuli, araZiriTadi saSualebaa

([177], gv. 6).

prefiqsul-sufiqsuri: s-x°–-s¶ˆ-†-ˆnuƒ-ˆm `me ar SemiZlia is vakeTo~...

aGweriTi forma iwarmoeba l¶–yˆ-n _ `SeiZleba~ zmniT: ƒ–sS–n sl¶–yaƒˆm _

74

`gageba ver SeviZel~... ([162], gv. 279, 280; [161]; [148]).

ubixur enaSi zmnis gardamavloba-gardauvlobisagan damoukileblad, po-

tencialisi _ †– sufiqsiT gamoixateba ([189], gv. 79; 149).

aqac, adiGur enaTa msgavsad, sufiqsuri potencialisi ar iwvevs zmnis

konstruqciis cvlas.

ubixurisa da adiGuri enebis sufiqsuri potencialisi leqsikur gamoxa-

tulebad unda gavigoT. amitomac ver CamoKalibda igi kategoriad.

qqqq. . . . lomlomlomlomTaTaTaTaTiTiTiTiZeZeZeZe Tvlis, rom ubixursac unda hqonoda prefiqsuli potencia-

lisi, adiGuris msgavsad; magram igi daikarga sufiqsuri, leqsikuri potencia-

lisis gamoKenebis aris gafarToebis gamo.

adiGeuris †– _ da Kabardoulis x°– _ prefiqsiT nawarmoebi potencia-

lisia swored qcevis x°–- º †– prefiqsTa SesatKvisi am enaSi. swored aseTi

prefiqsuli warmoeba potencialisisa dadasturebulia mxolod gardamaval

zmnebSi da iwvevs afxazur-abazuris msgavsad, zmnis struqturis cvlilebas:

gardamavali zmna iqceva gardauval-inversiulad. rogorc damaJereblad daasa-

buTa q. lomTaTiZem, potencialisis warmoebis mxriv. is saerTo da amave dros

gansxvavebulic, rac dasturdeba afxazur-adiGur enebSi naTels hfens am ka-

tegoriis (da masTan gadaJayvuli kategoriebis) ganviTarebis istorias ([154],

gv. 112).

potencialisis kategoria Tavdapirvelad damaxasiaTebeli unda KofiliKo

mxolod gardamaval zmnaTaTvis. aq Caisaxa inversiac. afxazur-abazur gardau-

val zmnebSi igi gavrcelda SemdgomSi. adiGuri da ubixuri enebis sufiqsuri

potencialisi meoreuli unda iKos ([154], gv. 109).

amrigad, afxazur-adiGur enebSi dadasturebulia potencialisis katego-

riis gamoxatvis oTxi saxeoba: prefiqsuli _ afxazur-abazurSi, adiGurSi.

sufiqsuri _ ubixurSi da paralelur saxeobad adiGurSi; prefiqs-sufiqsuri

adiGurSi; aGweriTi _ afxazursa da adiGurSi;

75

potencialisis kategoriis gamoxatvis CamoTvlil saSualebaTagan, Kvelaze

adreul da organul saxeobad miCneulia prefiqsuli gamoxatuleba.

sufiqsuri, prefiqsul-sufiqsuri, aGweriTi gamoxatvis saSualebani miCne-

ulia meoreul movlenad _ potencialisis gamoxatvis leqsikur saSualebebad.

or p ir i a n i z m n e b i :

I. ah dˆc°ama s ˆ zdˆr a m _ mTavarma daiZina Tu ara, ar vici ([14], gv. 175).

II. saj°a ilˆmhay´ i sz ˆ n a m g Z e ~t _ Cemi sitKva mis Kuramde ver mivawvdine

([11], gv. 21).

III. sargˆ S °ˆ sz ˆ mdr ~t _ mec ver gicaniT ([14], gv. 190).

IV. abri aS°ˆrTra zˆt°E � S °ˆ z ˆ mdˆr… az ar isza�lˆS°kaa ~h°e~t _ es

baGi visac ekuTvnis, Tu Tqven ar iciT, (CemTvis) gaigeTo, uTxra ([16]).

V. amc ha i h a z h °om _ tKuils Cven ver getKviT ([11], gv. 18).

VI. u~� iz ˆ m g °a G ~t ac°aj°ara _ ver gabeda masTan saubari ([11], gv. 21).

s a m p ir i a n i z m n e b i :

I. anaamTaz i s z al a m g alt _ Tavis droze me is ver Sevitane ([14], gv.

174).

II. uaj°ˆ i s ˆ zETom _ axla ver mogcem ([14], gv. 177).

III. snapˆ Z°aZ°amˆzt aKˆnt° �Eaxa i sz ˆ… m h °e ~t _ Cemi xeli daubaneli

mqonda, amitom wuxel ver giTxari.

IV. am‚a dnˆq°fS´ˆn, axah° axzara ˆq°ˆfsam, i s ˆ z s ˆd k ˆlo m , ih°an iimTe~t _

gzas daxeda, qva sakmarisad ar aris moKrili da ver miviGebo, Tqva man

ra, ar misca mas (raGac) ([16]).

IV magaliTi sainteresoa; subieqtis piris s- prefiqsi orJer meordeba sa-

Taviso qcevis msgavsad: i-sˆ-z-sˆ-d-kˆlo-m _ me (CemTvis) ver me miviGeb... aq

iseTive viTareba gvaqvs, rogoric C´- elementiT nawarmoeb saTaviso qcevis

formaSi.

76

u n e burob i s k at e gor i a

afxazur-adiGur enebSi zmnis morfologiur kategoriaTa Soris

gamoiKofa uneburobis kategoria, romelic gamoxatavs realuri subieqtis mi-

er Cadenil moqmedebas.

afxazurSi es kategoria iwarmoeba amxa /amaƒa prefiqsiT. es prefiqsi Se-

dgeba ori (a)ma da ƒa nawilisagan. ma- elementi `xelis~ aGmniSvnel Zirad miaC-

nia qqqq. . . . lomlomlomlomTaTaTaTaTiTiTiTiZesZesZesZes ([37]; [154]; [138], gv. 135, 136).

igive ma- elements gamoKofs q. lomTaTiZe e. w. miCnevis (moCvenebis) kate-

goriaSic ([36], gv. 157). abazuri am kategoriis sawarmoeblad iKenebs ˆ-ma pre-

fiqss. adiGuri enebi `gamosvla~ zmnasTan erTad samimarTebo �–- prefiqss an

oden `saziano~ qcevis (†a º ¬°–) prefiqss ([36], gv. 159).

maƒa > mxa prefiqsis damokidebuleba zmnis formasTan iseTivea, rogoric

potencialisis warmoebisas: dc°e�t _ `man (ad.) daiZina~, damxac°e~t _ `mas

(ad.) uneburad CaeZina~...

sampirian gardamaval zmnebsa da rTulfuZian zmnebSi uneburobis katego-

riis prefiqsi iseTsave cvlilebas iwvevs, rogorsac potencialisis prefiqsi:

aqac subieqturi piris niSani zmnis fuZis gareT gamodis da daismis preverbis

win. sampirian gardamaval zmnebSi ki subieqtis niSans uyiravs meore adgili

(e. i. iribi obieqtis adgili), xdeba inversia.

q. lomTaTiZis azriT, potencialisis kategoria uneburobis kategorias-

Tan iseT mimarTebaSi unda iKos, rogor mimarTebaSic aris e. w. sasargeblo

z-, z¶- da e. w. saziano c°- prefiqsebiT nawarmoebi qcevis kategoriebi erTime-

oresTan. z- prefiqsi gamoxatavs mimarTulebas irib obieqturi pirisaken, xo-

lo c°- prefiqsi ki mimarTulebas irib obieqturi piridan: iszaage~t _ `mo-

mitana me man~, isc°ige~t _ `waiGo is Cemgan man~.

c°- saziano qcevis da amxa- uneburobis prefiqsebi dasturdeba kontamini-

77

rebul formebSic: (i)sc°amxa†e~t _ is (n.) Cemgan (me) uneburad Semomeyama...

iszˆKamwe~t _ ìs me ver gavakeTe~, isˆz…amh°e~t _ ìs me Sen ver giTxari~...

aseTi formebi umTavresad uarKofiTi warmoebebisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli,

xolo isamxaKawe~t _ ìs me uneburad gavakeTe~, isamxa…h°e~t _ ìs me Sen

uneburad giTxari~ _ formebi ki dadebiTisaTvis.

potencialisisa da uneburobis kategoriebi kavSirSia zmnis realur su-

bieqtTan.

adiGeur enaSi uneburobis kategoriis mawarmoebelia –y-/–- prefiqsi. es

kategoria aqvT mxolod dinamikur zmnebs.

uneburobis kategoria iwarmoeba rogorc gardamaval, ise gardauval

zmnaTagan.

gardamavali zmnebi uneburobis kategoriaSi gardauvali, inversiuli xde-

ba: s– ar sˆ-uyˆG– _ `me is movkali~, s– ar s-–y–uyaG _ `me is uneburad mo-

vkali~...

erTpiriani gardauvali zmnebi uneburobis kategoriis warmoebisas orpi-

riani xdeba: ar yodˆn _ ìs iGupeba~, aS ar –y–-yod–n _ ìs uneburad iGupe-

ba~ ([162], gv. 281-282).


I. �~-s-amxa-Kawe~t _ ìs (n.) me uneburad gavakeTe~ ([16])

II. �~-s-amxa-wx~t _ ìs (n.) me uneburad gavwele~ ([16])

III. �~-s-amxa-fKe~t _ ìs (n.) me uneburad gavyeri~ ([16])

IV. �~-s-amxa-fCít _ ìs (n.) me uneburad gavtexe~ ([16])


I. �~-s-amxa-lˆ-Te~t _ ìs (n) me mas (q) uneburad miveci~ ([16])

II. �~-s-amxa-l-yáwe~t _ `me mas (q) is (n) uneburad vayame~ ([16])

III. �~-s-amxa-lˆ-r-Kawe~t _ `me mas (q) is (n) uneburad gavakeTebine ([16]).

78

k auz ati v i s k at e gor i a

afxazur-adiGur enebSi zmnis kategoriaTa Soris gamoiKofa kauzativis

kategoria.

kauzativis kategoria afxazur enaSi r- prefiqsiT iwarmoeba.

kauzatiur warmoebaSi zmnas emateba erTi, pird. obieqtis piri, gardauva-

li zmna gardamavali xdeba. gardamaval zmnebSi r- prefiqss Seaqvs Sualobis

Sinaarsi: zmnas uCndeba axali, sxvisi saSualebiT moqmedebis Semsrulebeli

piri:

arakauzatiuri forma

gardauv. zmna

dˆ-gˆlt ìs (ad.) dadga

i-lˆ-‚ˆ~�t `dawera man

(q.)~

kauzatiuri forma

gardam. zmna

dˆ-�-r-gˆlt `man (ad.)

is (ad.) daaKena~

ilˆ-~-r-‚ˆ~t `daawerina

man (k.) is (n.) mas (q.)

sampiriani zmnebidan kauzatiur Sinaarss afxazuri ena aGweriTad gamoxa-

tavs: u-lˆ-r-Tarat°ˆ Ka-s-wap `Sen (k.) igi (q.) maT rom mogcen viqm~.

sampirian zmnaTa fuZeSi nawilakebisa da qcevis afiqsTa monawileobiTa

da kauzativis afiqsiT iwarmoeba kauzativis kategoria: i-u-zˆ-l-sˆ-r-Zaxue~t

`mas (n) SenTvis (k.) me mas (q) vakerineb~, i-u-zˆ-C´ˆh°a-sˆ-r-gˆlap `mas (n) Sen-

Tvis (k.) me davdgam kerasTan~.

kauzativis mniSvneloba SeiZleba gadmoicemodes t°- daniSnulebis afiq-

siT ([34], gv. 89; [138], gv. 131, 132).

kauzativis r- prefiqsi martivfuZian zmnebSi Ziris win dgas, rTulfuZi-

an zmnebSi ki xan fuZis win dgas, xan CarTulia fuZeSi ([34], gv. 89; [138], gv.

128).

79

zmna kauzativis formiT, KovelTvis gardamavalia; Tu kauzativis niSani

gankveTil fuZeSia, subieqtis niSani mis win dgas, Tu kauzativis niSani fuZis

gareT gamodis, subieqtis niSanic mas gadmohKveba.

kauzativis kategoriaSi cvlilebebi xdeba subieqtis mesame piris mravlo-

biTobis niSnisa da iribi obieqtis niSnis Sexvedrisas kauzativis kategoriis

formantTan:

III piris mravlobiTi ricxvis niSania afxazurSi r- prefiqsi; igive r- pre-

fiqsi gamoiKeneba iribi obieqtis niSnadac imave pirsa da ricxvSi... kauzativis

r- prefiqsis gamovlenasTan erTad, zmnaSi III piris mravlobiTis niSani da ima-

ve piris iribi obieqtis r- niSani gadakeTdeba d-d: sˆdˆrt°e~t `me maT da-

msves~, *sˆrˆrt°e~t... �ddˆrbo~t ìsini maT mas anaxveben~, *irˆrbo~t...

kauzativis niSanTan Sexvedrisas III piris mravlobiTi ricxvis r- niSnis

d-d qceva disimilaciur movlenadaa cnobili.

am faqtis Sesaxeb pppp. . . . ususususlalalalari ri ri ri aGniSnavda:

`это как-бы делается для избежания неясности, которая могла бы пройзойти от

присутствия другого р-, характеризующего залог~... ([170], gv. 62).

nnnn. . . . mamamamariririri gamoTqvamda varauds, afxazuris kauzativis r- prefiqsis kavSiris

Sesaxeb baskur da svanur mravlobiTis niSanTan ([193], gv. 246-247).

qqqq. . . . lomlomlomlomTaTaTaTaTiTiTiTiZeZeZeZe Tvlis, rom aGniSnul fonetikur movlenas (r > d) moepove-

ba Tavisi morfologiuri safuZveli, imdenad, ramdenadac afxazuri ena ori

r-s TavmoKras kargad iguebs: arˆrhara `SeSineba~, dˆsˆrˆrha…e~t `me maT vaSi-

neb~... es afiqsebi warmoSobiT erTni Cans, Semdgom funqciurad gansxvavebuli,

e. i. kauzativis afiqsic igive mravlobiTis afiqsi unda KofiliKo. ori er-

Tnairi afiqsis TavmoKram ganapiroba erT-erTis (piris niSnis) disimilacia.

disimilaciis am faqtSi q. lomTaTiZe xedavs piris niSnis mosalodneli

saxeobis Semonaxvis SemTxvevas: swored imitom unda gansxvavebuliKo es ori

afiqsi erTmaneTisagan, rom maT erTi warmoSoba hqondaT; (Sdr. adiG. ir. obi-

80

eqtisa da subieqtis piri niSani �a-... erT-erTi r-d gadadis, roca isini er-

TmaneTs xvdebian).

q. lomTaTiZis azriT, zmnis kauzativis formaSi III piris niSnad gamovle-

nili d- SeiZleba ukavSirdebodes saTanado `dara~ nacvalsaxels, rac TavisTa-

vad imas ar gamoricxavs, rom masTan kavSiri hqondes adamianis klasis d- ni-

Sansac: es movlena afxazurisaTvis araa ucxo: Sdr. …ara-…, sara-s... kavkasiuri

enebidan cnobilia mravlobiTis afiqsiT Jer qalis, xolo Semdeeg saerTod

adamianis klas-kategoriis gaformebac ([34], gv. 93; [164], gv. 9-12).

tapanTurSic kauzativis afiqsi iwvevs III piris mravlobiTi ricxvis niS-

nis d-d cvlas. afxazurSi es movlena sistematuria, rodesac r- afiqsiT III pi-

ris subieqtis mravlobiTobaa gadmocemuli, xolo rodesac r- irib obieqts

gamoxatavs, SesaZloa d-s gverdiT r-c gvqondes: i-d-dˆr-gˆle~t, irdˆrgele~t

_ ìsini maT mas uKeneben~.

tapanTurSi ki r- afiqsi iribi obieqtis rolSiac sistemebr d-Tia

warmodgenili: idderZaxt `maT maT is Seakerines~, iddrˆ†it ìsini maT ayme-

ven mas~...

tapanTurs (adiGeuris gavleniT) erTi Tavisebureba axasiaTebs:

Tu erTpiriani gardauvali zmna kauzativSi sampiriani gaxdeba, ormagad

iqneba masSi gamoxatuli kauzativis Sinaarsi, afxazurisagan gansxvavebiT, zmna-

Si iqneba ori kauzativis afiqsi: ddˆ~rrˆg°az°e~Ta ìs mas maTgan SeeSinebi-

na~, dˆdˆ~rˆrcat `maT igi man gaagzavnina~ ([27], gv. 130).

kauzativis kategoria aSxarulSic sxva dialeqtTa msgavsad iwarmoeba,

oGond aq ufro xSirad gamoiKeneba. rTulfuZian zmnebSi kauzativis r- afiq-

sis fuZeSi, Ziris win warmodgena (da ara mis win, rogorc es afxazurSia)

sistematuradaa gatarebuli aSxarulSi. afxazuris monacemi meoreuli Cans.

aSxarulisaTvis ucxoa kauzativis niSnis ormagi xmareba, rac tapanTurSi

Cveulebrivi movlenaa (adiGeuris gavleniT) ([30], $36).

81

amrigad, afxazur-abazurSi kauzativis kategoriis warmoeba prefiqsulia,

mcireoden gadaxraTa gaTvaliswinebiT, kauzativis warmoebis TvalsazrisiT

afxazuri da abazuri enebis dialeqtTa Soris Tanxvedraa.

afxazurSi gamoiKofa aGweriTi da sitKvawarmoebiTi sufiqsiT nawarmoebi

kauzativic.

afxazursa da abazurSi kauzativis r- prefiqsi genetur kavSirSia amave

enaSi arsebuli mravlobiTi ricxvis aGmniSvnel r- formantTan.

adiGurSic kauzativis kategorias prefiqsi awarmoebs, es aris G–- º Ga-.

afxazuris msgavsad, kauzativis G–- mawarmoebeli subieqtis prefiqsis Semdeg

dgas. kauzativis afiqsi zogJer fuZeSia moqceuli. zmnas kauzatiur warmoeba-

Si emateba erTi, pird. obieqturi piri, gardauvali zmna gardamavali xdeba...

s– ar s-S´–S´T _ `me is mimKavs~

s– ar �a-z-G–-S´–S´T _ `me vaiZuleb mas waiKvanos igi~

adiGeurs axasiaTebs kauzativis ormagi warmoeba ([162], gv. 257).

I. xˆS° maaT-h°a idsˆr K a w e ~t _ samas maneTad gavakeTebineo ([14], gv. 184).

aGniSnul magaliTSi iribi obieqturi piris niSnis disimilaciaa aGsaniS-

navi. disimilaciis piroba TiTqos moxsnilia: kauzativis r- niSansa da iribi

obieqtis maCvenebels Soris s- subieqturi piris niSania moqceuli, magram ma-

inc disimilirebulia iribi obieqtis r-.

II. aj°abj _ salam sa �u s ˆr h al a p _ salmis ambavs me Sen gagagoneb ([11], gv.

31).

III. urTq°a hara …ara �… h m ˆr b e ~t _ isini Cven Tqven ar ganaxvebineT ([11],

gv. 19).

IV. sKama d û m ˆrg a n _ Cemi xanJliT ar daGupo ([14], gv. 176).

V. TaTˆnk s aurx aro…p _ Tambaqo unda momawevino (14. gv. 191).

82

VI ibjˆ G°aG°ala i n ˆ i q °irg e ~t _ xma Zlierad amoaGebina ([16]).

VII. anc°a S°ara S °a q °i m ˆrS °a a ~t _ GmerTi Tqven nu SegaxvedrebT raGacas

([11], gv. 44).

VIII. u~� �dirb e ~t �ara ifsSarTa _ maT uCvena Tavisi mosasvenebeli adgili

([16]).

IX. ... skipˆtr lir k ˆ ~t _ skiptra daakavebina ([11], gv. 11).

s aurTi erTo k at e gor i a

afxazur-adiGur enebSi zmnis kategoriaTa Soris gamoiKofa saurTierTo

kategoria.

saurTierTo kategoria gulisxmobs zmniT aGniSnul moqmedebaSi ori an

meti piris (individis) monawileobas.

afxazurSi zmnis saurTierTo kategoriis arseboba pirvelad SeniSna

pppp. . . . ususususlarlarlarlarmamamama ([170], gv. 64-66).

afxazurSi, adiGursa da ubixurSi saurTierTo kategorias gamoKofs

jjjj. . . . didididiuuuumemememezizizizilililili ([188], gv. 203-206).

zmnis saurTierTo kategorias afxazur-adiGur enebSi ganixilavs qqqq. . . . lomlomlomlom----

TaTaTaTaTiTiTiTiZeZeZeZe ([37]).

saurTierTo kategorias awarmoebs prefiqsebi: afxazur-abazurSi a(~),

a(~)-c, a(~)-ba, adiGeurSi z–, z–-d–, z–-r– (ºza), ubixurSi: z–, z–-Ji, z–(la)...

afxazurSi q. lomTaTiZe gamokveTs a~�- prefiqsis c- da ba- elementebTan

dakavSirebis SemTxvevebs, ris safuZvelzec sayirod miaCnia, zmnis saurTierTo

kategoriaSi gamoiKos saurTierTo-saTanao (-a/e~c-) da saurTierTo-saormxri-

vo (a/e~ba-) qvekategoriebi.

c- saTanaos funqciiT damoukidebladac gvxvdeba: sara lara slˆcu p _

`me mas vaxlavar~, d i c k °a S °o ~t _ ìs (ad.) masTan (k.) cekvavs~...

83

saTanao kategoriiT gamoxatuli gardamavali zmnis forma sampiriania:

ilˆc ˆ s†o ~t _ `mas (n) masTan (q.) erTad vyam~, saurTierTo-saTanao a~c-

prefiqsiT gamoxatul kategoriaSi gardamavali sampiriani zmna gardamaval

orpirian zmnad iqceva: ilˆc ˆ s†o ~t >~ e ~c a h†o ~t _ `Cven mas erTad

vyamT~, e. i. iribi obieqtisa da subieqtis ori gansxvavebuli piris nacvlad

miviGebT mravlobiT ricxvSi dasmul subieqtis pirs ([38], gv. 279).

saurTierTo kategoriis warmoebis principi afxazurSi, adiGursa da

ubixurSi erTnairia.

aGniSnul kategoriaSi zmnis pirTa raodenoba mcirdeba erTiT;

zmnis gardamavloba icvleba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saurTierTo-sa-

ormxrivo prefiqsSi TavmoKrili aGmoCndeba pirdapiri obieqtisa da subieq-

tis pirebi.

afxazurSi saurTierTo-saormxrivo qvekategoriis mawarmoebeli a~ba- pre-

fiqsi rTuli Sedgenilobisaa: a~�- saurTierTo kategorias awarmoebs damou-

kideblad, ba- prefiqsi ki zmnebSi calke ar gvxvdeba.

ba- prefiqss p. uslari adgilis zmnisarTebSi gamovlenil ba- elements

ukavSirebs ([170], gv. 64-66).

jjjj. . . . ddddiiiiuuuumemememezilszilszilszils ba- prefiqsi ricxviT saxelebSi Semaval elementad miaCnia

([188], gv. 203, 206).

zmnur winsarTebSi ganixilavs a~ba- prefiqss aaaa. . . . gengengengenkokokoko ([135], gv. 171).

qqqq. . . . lomlomlomlomTaTaTaTaTiTiTiTiZeZeZeZe gamoTqvams varauds ba- elementis ergativis niSnobaze ([37],

gv. 288).

aGniSnuli mosazrebani erTimeores ar gamoricxavs. unda vifiqroT, rom

ba- elementi adgilis zmnisarTuli warmoSobisaa, Semdeg gamoKenebul iqna ri-

cxviT saxelebSic.

a~ba-/e~ba- prefiqsi, gansxvavebiT a~�-/e~- da a~c-/e~c- prefiqsisagan, mxo-

lod gardamaval zmnebs axasiaTebs.

84

a~�-/e~�- prefiqsi zmnis martiv fuZes uSualod ar erTvis. misi darTva

zmnur formaze qcevis afiqsTa, an windebulTa darTvas iwvevs; a~ba- prefiqsi

Tavisuflad erTvis rTuli da martivi fuZis mqone zmnebs. martiv mznebSi

TiTqos ba- elements aqvs dakisrebuli fuZis gamrTulebis funqcia. es faqti,

SesaZloa, ba- elementis zmnisarTul warmoSobaze miuTiTebdes.

rTul a~ba- prefiqss garkveul SemTxvevaSi (Tuki masSi gaerTianebuli iq-

neba subieqtisa da pirdapiri obieqtis pirebi) SeuZlia zmna gardauvlad aq-

cios.

saurTierTo-saormxrivo qvekategoriis warmoebisas orpirian gardamaval

zmnaTagan miiGeba erTpiriani zmnebi. subieqtisa da pirdapiri obieqitis pire-

bi erTiandeba mravlobiTi ricxviT warmodgenil subieqtis pirSi:

dˆrdˆr…e~t ìsini mas icnoben~, e~badˆr…e~t ìsini erTmaneTs icnoben~...

sampirian zmnaTagan miiGeba orpiriani gardamavali zmna, rodesac:

a) erTiandeba subieqtisa da iribi obieqtis pirebi mravlobiTi ricxviT

warmodgenil subieqtis pirSi: ilash°e~t _ `me mas (q) is vuTxari~,

e~bˆrh°e~t _ `maT is erTmaneTs uTxres~...

b) Tavs iKris iribi da pirdapiri obieqtebi mravlobiTi ricxviT warmo-

dgenil pirdapiri obieqtis pirSi:

dlˆrbo~t _ ìs (q.) mas (ad.) xedavs~, e~barbo~t _ ìsini erTmaneTs xe-

daven~...

saurTierTo kategoriis a~-/e~�- da saurTierTo saTanao qvekategoriis

a~c-/e~c- prefiqsebi damoukideblad imisagan, zmnis fuZe rTulia Tu martivi,

fuZis win daismis. es imiT aris gamowveuli, rom isini dakavSirebulia garda-

uvali zmnis subieqtTan an irib obieqtTan, romlebic afxazurSi mudam fuZis

win gvxvdeba.

a~ba- prefiqsi rTulfuZian zmnebSi fuZeSia Casmuli afxazurSi, xolo

tapanTurSi a~ba º ~ba prefiqsi aseT SemTxvevebSic fuZis win daismis:

85

aTag°ara _ `waJikaveba~, abaTag°ara urTierT waJikaveba ([27], gv. 191).

fuZeSi a~ba- prefiqsi gvxvdeba saxecvlili saxiT: a~ba > e~ba > iiba >

iba...

a~ba- prefiqss mxolod im SemTxvevaSi unda axasiaTebdes infiqsacia, ro-

desac igi Seicavs subieqtsa da pirdapir obieqts, an subieqtsa da irib obieq-

tebs, xolo Tu a~ba- prefiqsi aerTianebs pirdapirsa da irib obieqtebs, igi

veGar unda axerxebdes zmnis fuZis gankveTas.

SesaZloa, a~ba- rTuli prefiqsis ba- elementi ‚ba- òri~ ricxviT saxels

SemohKoloda zmnaSi (‚ dakarguliKo) Sdr. qarT. (erTmaneTi) erTi meore. aqac

ricxviTi saxelebi monawileobs saurTierTo kategoriis aGweriT saxeobaSi.

q. lomTaTiZe a~�- saurTierTo prefiqsis zmnaze darTvis erT-erTi Se-

mTxvevis dros adasturebs à~‚~ elements da varaudobs, rom ‚ SesaZloa

òri~ ricxviTi saxelis _ `‚ba~ Ziri iKos: a~‚dˆrraara _ urTierTgamocnoba

(adˆrra _ `codna~) ([39], gv. 278).

aGniSnulis safuZvelze Cven saSualeba gveZleva afxazuri enis zmnis sa-

urTierTo-saormxrivo kategoriis mawarmoeblad aGvadginoT *akˆ-‚ˆba prefiq-

si, romlisganac SemdgomSi a~ba- prefiqsi unda CamoKalibebuliKo. aGniSnul

*akˆ-‚ˆba-Si pirveli nawili, vvaraudobT, tolfardi unda KofiliKo akˆ _

èrTi~ ricxviTi saxelisa, xolo meore nawili ‚ba _ òri~ ricxviTi saxeli-

sa..., sadac k unda dakarguliKo sitKvis Tavkidur poziciaSi, xolo ‚ bagismie-

ri b- bgeris mezoblobaSi SeiZleboda gauCinarebuliKo.

warmodgenil mosazrebas xels uwKobs qarTveluri da adiGuri enebis mo-

nacemebic. am enebSic saurTierTo Sinaarsis gadmosacemad ena ZiriTadad ricx-

viT saxelebs an iseT afiqsebs iKenebs, romelTa amosavladac ricxviTi saxele-

bi ivaraudeba.

(ix. zmnis saurTierTo kategoriis a~ba- mawarmoeblis warmomavlobisaTvis

afxazurSi, saenaTmecniero Ziebani VIII, Tb., 1999, 209).

86

am mosazrebas xels uSlis ricxviT saxelTa diferenciacia adamianad: ‚ˆJa

_ òri adamiani~, da nivTad: ‚ba _ òri raGac (n.)~, rac SeiZleba gviandeli

warmonaqmni iKos. Tavdapirvelad adamianisTvisac da nivTisTvisac erTi da

igive ricxviT saxeluri forma unda xmarebuliKo, rogorc es qarTulSia:

òri kaci~, òri cxeni~...

adiGurSi saurTierTo-saormxrivo kategoria iwarmoeba rTuli z– _ r–

prefiqsiT, sadac z– = afx. a~�- prefiqss, xolo r– = afx. ba- elements.

iseve, rogorc afxazurSi, adiGeurSic saurTierTo-saormxrivo kategori-

aSi gardamavali zmna garkveul SemTxvevaSi iqceva gardauvlad (Tu erTmaneTs

daukavSirdeba subieqtisa da pirdapiri obieqtis pirebi ([162], gv. 171-177).

ubixurSi saurTierTo-saormxrivo moqmedebis aGsaniSnavad gamoiKeneba

oden z–- prefiqsi, gansxvavebiT afxazuri da adiGuri rTuli Sedgenilobis

a~ba- da z–r–- prefiqsebisagan ([189], gv. 206). d~umezili ubixur za- prefiqss

ukavSirebs ubixur zalazala da afxazur ak-ak-al-as `TiTo-TiTo~. Sdr. agr.

abaz. zakˆ, zaJ°ˆ _ èrTi (n.), (ad.)~.

a ~� > e ~� - pr efi q s iT n a w ar mo e b i

erT p ir i a n i z m n e b i :

I. ugu� ufsˆ� e ~m w a n a r s ˆ n _ Seni guli da suli SeupKria ([11], gv. 29).

II. h a �s a p krˆq°wa `raimeze davnaZlevdeT~ ([11], gv. 15).

III. us …amaS°a rnapˆ e~k ur ´S a n e~Kusrada _ ase saocrad xeliT gars Semo-

wvda ([11], gv. 46).

IV. bˆrlaS´ ua i n e ~lala n _ margaliti iq Sig rom gaeria ([11], gv. 43).

V. uaj°ˆ zˆnZak l e ~ q °S °a Z e ~t _ axla mTlad gaumarTla ([14], gv. 183).

87

orp ir i a n i z m n e b i :

I. sˆlax½ e ~qu s xt sa~izgur‚oz _ `razec vdardobdi, imaze Subli gavixse-

ni~ ([11], gv. 26).

II. ... xuyZak d s e ~fS ú p … ~� avTandil _ cotaTi mgavs is avTandili

([11], gv. 14).

III. u~� iC´kuar d e ~lah a ~t naK ic°îgarcˆ _ is iorGa moewona sxvagan wa-

saKvanad ([11], gv. 43).

IV. amca e ~q °i w e ~t e ~xˆmcala _ cecxli daanTo kvesiT ([11], gv. 41).

V. at°ˆm t°ˆla kˆr n e ~m id e ~t _ mravali ucxo qveKana moiara ([11], gv.

39).


I. blala am‚a …~� i n e ~lirg e ~t _ TvaliT gza iq gaarCevina ([11], gv.

41).

II. Sermadin …a zˆg½ n e ~z i g e ~t _ Sermadinma iq Kvela Seukriba ([11], gv.

37).

a ~c → / e ~c - pr efi q s iT n a w ar mo e b i

or p ir i a n z m n aT a g a n m iG e buli

erT p ir i a n i z m n e b i :

I. …arg½ˆ sarg½ˆ ubrax½ h a ~cc a p _ Senc da mec iq erTad wavideT ([11],

34).

II. j°ox° jag½ˆ e~cn ˆ KEom _ TxuTmeti kurdGelic erTad ar dadis ([16]).

III. xuyq°a S´Tak e ~cTa n xo n _ misi Svilebi erT ezoSi erTad cxovrobdnen

([16]).

IV. imaa�b…a �analaga e ~crˆ w… e ~t , xaz-xazˆ id°ˆq°lo~t _ erTmaneTSi

uTanxmoebas rom daiwKeben, erTmaneTs eKrebian, cal-calke midian ([16]).

88

s aT a n a o k at e gor i a

( c - pr ef i q s iT n a w ar mo e b i )


I. �ara ifak iefS´ d n ac ‚ n al e ~t _ igi misi Svilis msgavsad saxlSi SehKva

([11], gv. 23).

II. ine~gon ikambaSi i cd ˆr g ˆl ar az ˆ _ mihKavdaT misi kameCi, rom masTan

erTad daeKenebinaT ([14], gv. 199).


I. i s ˆc n a z goz us axSára _ Svili Cemi Sesaferi gverdSi vinc amomidgeba

([11], gv. 14).

II. axa aZ°ˆ � a n s ˆ c e ~h °o _ magram viGac roca CemTan erTad ambobs

(mGeris) ([16]).

s aurTi erTo - s aor m xri vo k at e gor i a

( a ~b a _ pr ef i q s iT n a w ar mo e b i )

I. aG½ˆCc°e~� �~are~� e ~b adˆrˆ n _ qurdebi da igi erTmaneTs icnobdnen

([16]).

II. e ~b arw °ˆ u a n urT a‚Jag½ _ erTmaneTs Sestirodnen oriveni ([11], gv.

46).

III. ah ifhe~� ayk°ˆni � g °af x e ~b a S a n lxawe~ � fh°Hsi �e~bage~t _ mefis

89

asulsa da biys erTmaneTi moewonaT da daqorwindnen ([16]).

IV. d‚agˆlan fane~� iare~� � ~a a g °ˆdˆ b a h °al e ~t - f a n a da igi wamodge-

nen da erTmaneTs gadaexvivnen ([16]).

V. fane~� fag°e~� e~Sc°a g°ak½aq°a re~fS´ b z i a e ~b a bo n _ fanas da fa-

gus GviZli ZmebiviT uKvardaT erTmaneTi ([16]).

VI. S °n e ~ b a c , S ° n e ~ b a c , afsEaa rˆy∂k°ˆnc°a! _ erTad gaswiT, afxazTa

Svilebo! ([15], gv. 415).

sainteresoa SemTxvevebi (ix. magaliTi VI), rodesac a~ba- prefiqss èrTad~-

is mniSvneloba aqvs da ara èrTmaneTis~...

zogJer a~ba- prefiqsi `moulodneli~ mniSvnelobiT ixmareba: igE ~eba-

kue~t _ `guli uCuKdeba~ ([16]).

90

baTumel afxazTa mbaTumel afxazTa mbaTumel afxazTa mbaTumel afxazTa metKvelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelietKvelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelietKvelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelietKvelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli

TaTaTaTaviseburebani zmnis morfologiuriviseburebani zmnis morfologiuriviseburebani zmnis morfologiuriviseburebani zmnis morfologiuri

zogierTi kategoriis warmoebisaszogierTi kategoriis warmoebisaszogierTi kategoriis warmoebisaszogierTi kategoriis warmoebisas

zemoT ganxilul zmnur kategoriaTagan baTumel afxazTa metKveleba Ta-

viseburebebs avlens pir-klasis niSnebis xmarebis mxriv, kauzativisa da moCve-

nebiTobis kategoriis warmoebis mxriv. danarCeni kategoriebis warmoebaSi

mniSvnelovani sxvaoba ar SeiniSneba.

qvemoT ganvixilavT baTumel afxazTa metKvelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel Ta-

viseburebebs

pir-klasis niSnebi

cnobilia, rom gardauvali zmnis subieqtisa da gardamavali zmnis pir-

dapiri obieqtis niSani ~- (mesame piris mxolobiTisa da imave piris mravlobi-

Tis niSani) zmnaSi ikargeba, Tu zmna uSualod mosdevs gardauvali zmnis su-

bieqtisa da gardamavali zmnis pirdapiri obieqtis aGmniSvnel sitKvas: sara

aw°a sFo~t ,,me vaSls vyam~ ... es wesi sakvlevi enis metKvelebaSi daculia,

Tumca aGniSnul SemTxvevebSi xSirad SenarCunebulia ~- prefiqsi.

~ETax¥E ~sah° _ rac ginda is miTxari Sdr.: ~ETax¥E sah°a

axmHGa ~S°¥mgHn _ ar SercxveT, zedmiw.: ,,ar aiGoT sircxvili~ Sdr.:

ax~HmZG S°¥mgan

feriel afxazTa metKvelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia ~- prefiqsis gamo-

toveba iq, sadac sxva dialeqtebisaTvis igi aucilebelia:

~laSwe~t, sarg~i saxaSTH~t _ dabnelda da damaviwKda mis Sesaxeb,

Sdr.: ~HsxaSTH~t (kilba,1983,49)

91

kauzativi

baTumel afxazTa metKvelebaSi kauzativis r- prefiqsi gankveTs aKawara

,,keTeba~ zmnis fuZes, iseve, rogorc saliteraturo enaSi, maSin,rodesac dia-

leqtebSi igi mTliani formis winac gvxvdeba:

lara urT d¥KalHrwe~t _ man (q.) maT gaakeTebina, Sdr.: d¥lHrKawe~t.

(kilba,1983,67)

moCvenebiTobis kategoria

,,moCvenebiTobis kategoria~ mxolod abazuri enisaTvisaa damaxasiaTebe-

li. misi mawarmoeelia -H/-ma prefiqsi. (ix. zemoT, gv. 26 feriel afxazTa

metKvelebaSi e. kilba adasturebs am kategoriis arsebobas: ari ak°ac ~Hmabzia-

maxe~t _ es xorci mas kargi ar moeCvena (kilba,1983,67).

92

uuuuGGGGleb i s le b i s le b i s le b i s kkkk at eat eat eat e ggggori e b iori e b iori e b iori e b i

zmna afxazur enaSi gamoirCeva Tavisi rTuli agebulebiT. erTsa da imave

zmnur formaSi Tavi SeiZleba moiKaros aTze metma morfemam, romlebic

warmoqmnisa da uGlebis kategoriebs miekuTvneba.

cnobilia, rom iberiul-kavkasiuri enebis zmna rTuli morfologiiT

xasiaTdeba. am mxriv afxazuri zmna zerTulad SeiZleba daxasiaTdes.

afxazuri zmniT SeiZleba sxva enaTa mTeli winadadebiT gamoxatuli

azris gadmocema. gansakuTrebiT es exeba finitur-infinitur warmoebas zmnisa

(romelsac qvemoT ganvixilavT). es ukanaskneli sxva enaTa mTavari da

damokidebuli winadadebebis funqciebs iTavsebs.

1111. . . . masdarimasdarimasdarimasdari

masdari afxazurSi zmnis sawKisi formaa, romelsac a- TavsarTi da -ra

bolosarTi awarmoebs.

erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdeba dinamikuri da statikuri zmnis masdari.

dinamikuri zmnis masdari zemoT aGniSnuli a- prefiqsisa da -ra sufiqsis

meSveobiT iwarmoeba a-Kawa-ra `keTeba~, a-T-ara `micema~, a-w-ar-a `swavla~...

statikuri zmnis masdars daerTvis -zaa e. w. mdgomareobis xangrZlivobis

aGmniSvneli sufiqsi.

a-ma-zaa-ra `qona, Kola~, a-Ka-zaa-ra `Kofna_arseboba~.

zogJer masdari warmodgenilia zogadobis a-prefiqsis gareSe da

asrulebs miznis garemoebis rols. mag.: x½ˆqracara dce�t `saxelis mosaxveyad

wavida~ (gvancelaZe, 2003, 64).

2222. . . . statikurobastatikurobastatikurobastatikuroba----dinamikurobadinamikurobadinamikurobadinamikuroba

zmnebi afxazurSi or rigad iKofa: statikuri da dinamikuri

statikuroba-dinamikurobas afxazuri zmnis uGlebisaTvis arsebiTi

93

mniSvneloba aqvs.

3333. . . . statikuri zmnebistatikuri zmnebistatikuri zmnebistatikuri zmnebi

statikur zmnebs Taviseburi fuZe aqvT da isini droTa warmoebis

mixedviT Zalze SezGudulia, aqvT awmKo dro -…p sufiqsiT nawarmoebi da

namKo ganusazGvreli dro -n sufiqsiT nawarmoebi:

statikuri zmnis fuZed SeiZleba gamoKenebuli iKos arsebiTi da

zedsarTavi saxelis fuZe (a-prefiqsCamoSorebuli da dro-kiloTa, pir-klasisa

da sxva kategoriaTa niSnebdarTuli: sara sˆbziao…p > sˆbzi…p `me kargi var~,

sara sˆdˆ…p `me didi var~.

-zaa sufiqsiani masdarisagan statikuri zmnis warmoebisas es sufiqsi

Zirs Camoscildeba: a-Ka-zaa-ra `Kofna, arseboba~, sˆ-Ko-…p `me var~, a-ma-zaa-ra

`qona, Kola~, �sˆ-mo-…p ìs me maqvs, mKavs~.

zogJer statikuri zmna dinamikuri zmnis fuZisaganac iwarmoeba, mas

SedegobiTi Sinaarsi eqneba:

i-Ka-s-wo-�t `me raGacas vakeTeb~

i-Ka-wo-up ìgi gakeTebulia~

amgvari warmoebisas dinamikuri gardamavali zmna statikur gardauvlad

iqceva. statikuri zmna KovelTvis gardauvalia.

zogi zmnuri fuZe dinamikur da statikur zmnas erTdroulad awarmoebs.

mag.: a-t◦a-ra `Jdoma~, a-g¥la-ra `dgoma~, a-c◦a-ra `daZineba~, sˆt◦o…p `vzivar~

sˆt◦o�t `vJdebi~, dc◦o…p `sZinavs mas~, dc◦o�t ìZinebs igi~...

4444. . . . dinamikuri zmnebidinamikuri zmnebidinamikuri zmnebidinamikuri zmnebi

dinamikuri zmnebi iwarmoeba sakuTriv dinamikur zmnaTa fuZeebidan: a-ba-

ra `xedva~, a-Ta-ra `wasvla~, a-bˆl-ra `wva~...

garda amisa nasaxelari statikuri zmnuri fuZeebisaganac:

a) nasaxelari statikuri zmna erTvis gardaqceviTobis madinamikurebeli -

94

xa sufiqsi:

a-K◦ˆS´ `ykviani~, statikuri: d-K◦ˆS´-…p ìgi ykviania~ dinamik. d-K◦ˆS´-xe-�t

ìgi daykvianda~.

b) gardamavali nasaxelari dinamikuri zmnis misaGebad gamoiKeneba a-t◦ˆ

`mona, sakuTreba~ sitKvisagan momdinare -t◦ afiqsi, romlis win fuZeSi Cndeba

subieqtis klasovan-pirovani prefiqsebi: abza `cocxali~ _ stat. �-bzi-…p ìgi

(arag.) cocxalia~, dinamik. �-bza-s-t◦-�t `me igi (arag.). gavacocxle~.

g) dinamikuri zmnis sawarmoeblad gamoiKeneba r- kauzativis prefiqsi: a-

�aSá `marTali~, _ stat. �-�aSó-…p ìgi (arag.). marTalia~, _ dinamik. isˆ-r-

iaSé-�t `me igi (arag.) gavamarTle~.

d) gardamavali da gardauvali zmnebis erTi Jgufi iKenebs

gasadinamikureblad damoukidebel saxelTa fuZeebisagan momdinare fuZe-

windebulebze darTul Zir-sufiqsebs: -wa, -x, -la, -w... a-q◦-wa-ra `rameze

dadeba~, aq◦ˆ-x-ra `zedapiridan aGeba~, a-q◦-la-ra `rameze asvla~, a-q◦ˆ-w-ra

`raimedan gamosvla~.

5555. . . . zmnis finituri da infinituri formebizmnis finituri da infinituri formebizmnis finituri da infinituri formebizmnis finituri da infinituri formebi

afxazurs ar moepoveba damokidebuli da mTavari winadadebebi, rogorc

damoukidebeli sintaqsuri kategoria, ara aqvs agreTve damokidebuli

winadadebis kavSirebi. is, rac sxva enebSi sintaqsis sferos ganekuTvneba da

warmodgenilia mTavari da damokidebuli winadadebebis saxiT, afxazurSi

Taviseburadaa asaxuli zmnis dro-kiloTa formebSi.

amis mixedviT afxazurSi gvaqvs droTa warmoebis ori forma. mTavari

winadadebis Sesabamisi droTa finituri warmoeba da finituri warmoebis

zmnuri daboloebebi. es daaxloebiT, mTavari winadadebis rolSi gamodis sxva

enebSi mag.: sara sce�t `me wavedi~.

droTa iseT warmoebas ki, romelic sxva enebis damokidebul winadadebas

Seesabameba, qeTevan lomTaTiZe uwodebs infinitur warmoebas.

95

6666. . . . sagaremosagaremosagaremosagaremoebo elementianebo elementianebo elementianebo elementian zmnaTa infinituri warmoeba zmnaTa infinituri warmoeba zmnaTa infinituri warmoeba zmnaTa infinituri warmoeba

infinituri warmoebis zmna finituri warmoebis zmnisagan imiT

gansxvavdeba, rom mas prefiqsad uCndeba sxvadasxva sagaremoebo elementi:

adgilis, drois, viTarebis, mizezis...

drois _ an `roca~, adgilis -ax½ `sadac~, viTarebis -S´ `rogorc~ mizezis

z- ìmitom, vis, gamo~.

es sagaremoebo elementebi zmnaSi daismis `d~-s rigis afiqsTa Semdeg.

sagaremoebo prefiqsis darTva iwvevs zmnis sufiqsis Secvlasac: finitobis -n

sufiqsi infinituri warmoebaSi -z sufiqsiT Seicvleba:

s-c-o-n `me wavedi~

s-an-co-z `roca wavedi~

s-ax½-co-z `sadac wavedi~

s-S´-co-z `rogorc wavedi~

imisaTvis, rom winadadebas dasrulebuli saxe hqondes, afxazurSi

aucilebelia winadadebaSi erTi finituri warmoebis zmna mainc iKos

(gamonaklisia kiTxviTi winadadeba) mag.: s-ax½-ne-�-…a �-…-a-s-h◦o-m àr getKvi

sad mivdivar~, zedmiwevniT: `sadac mivdivar (imas) Sen (mk.) me ar getKvi~.

zmnis finituroba anu dasrulebuloba sagangebo morfemebiT gamoixateba,

amaTgan zogi mxolod finitobis gamomxatvelia, zogi ki erTdroulad

gadmogvcems finitobasac da drosac:

oden finitobisaa dinamikur zmnaTa -�t º > t, finitobasTan erTad

drosac aGniSnavs -n da stat. zmnaTa -p sufiqsebi.

statikur zmnebsac, iseve, rogorc dinamikurs aqvT droTa infinituri

warmoebac. finitobis -…p sufiqsi awmKo droisa, rTuli monacemia. infinitur

warmoebaSi -p CamoSordeba da darCeba mxolod -…. mag.: danKo… `roca aris~,

dax½Ko… `sadac aris~, dˆS´Ko… `rogorc aris~.

96

7777. . . . samimarTebo prefiqsiani infinituri warmoebasamimarTebo prefiqsiani infinituri warmoebasamimarTebo prefiqsiani infinituri warmoebasamimarTebo prefiqsiani infinituri warmoeba

afxazurs ar moepoveba mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelebi da mimarTebiTi

zmnizedebi: vinc, rac, romelic, rogoric, ranairic... sxva enebis rTul

winadadebaTa wevr-kavSirebi afxazurSi moqceulia infinituri warmoebis

zmnaSi da gamoxatavs sasubieqto da saobieqto mimarTebebs: `wamsvleli _ is

vinc midis~, ìs rac midis~, oGond:

droTa infinitur warmoebaSi gamoiKeneba mimarTebiTi z- prefiqsi

adamianisaTvis (gonierTa klasi) da i _ nivTisaTvis (argonierTa klasi). mag.:

iz†S `vinc yams, myameli~, i�†o `rasac yams, Sesaymeli~.

zmnis formaSi mxolod erTi piri SeiZleba iKos mimarTebiTi �z†a `vinc

Seyama~, �l†a `rac Seyama~, �…sTa `romelic me Sen (mk.) mogeci~, d…zTa `vinc

Sen (mk.) is (ad.) mogca~...

amrigad:

�(ˆ) enacvleba `d~-s rigis piri-klasis afiqsebs, mudam pirvel adgilas

dgas zmnaSi da gamoxatavs: erTpiriani gardauvali zmnis subieqts, orpiriani

gardauvali zmnis irib obieqtsa da gardamavali zmnis pirdapir obieqts:

erTpiriani gardauvali statikuri zmna

finituri warmoeba infinituri warmoeba

saria sˆ-Ko…p `me var~ �(ˆ)-Ko… `vinc, rac aris~

erTpiriani gardauvali dinamikuri zmna

sara sco�t `me mivdivar~ �-co `vinc, rac midis~

orpiriani gardauvali statikuri zmna

saria d-sˆ-mo…p a‚ˆza

`me mKavs megobari~

sara �-sˆ-mo… a‚ˆza

`megobari, romelic me mKavs~

orpiriani gardamavali dinamikuri zmna

97


sara dˆzbo�t ax◦ˆy´ˆ fS´Za

`me vxedav lamaz bavSvs~

sara �zbo ax◦ˆy´ˆ dˆfS´Zo…p

`bavSvi, romelsac me vxedav, lamazia~

msgavsive viTarebaa sampirian gardamaval zmnebSic: �-…-a-s-h◦az `rac me Sen

giTxari is~...

z- gamoiKeneba mxolod orpirian da sampirian zmnebSi da ar ixmareba

erTpirianebSi, radgan igi enacvleba `l~-s rigis pir-klasis prefiqsebs, es

ukanasknelni ki ar gamoiKenebian erT pirian zmnebSi.

samimarTebo z- prefiqsi enacvleba orpiriani gardamavali zmnisa da Kvela

gardamavali zmnis subieqtis, agreTve gardamavali zmnis iribi obieqtis niSnebs:

orpiriani gardamavali zmnebia


�ara sara �zbo�t `me mas vxedav~ sara sˆzbo `vinc, rac me mxedavs, Cemi

damnaxavi~

orpiriani gardauvali zmna

�ara sara �sˆmo…p

`me igi(n) maqvs~

sara sˆzmo…

`visac, rasac me vKavar~

Sdr. agreTve sampiriani gardamavali zmnis formebi. erTi mxriv: �-rˆ-z-

To `vinc, rac maT raGacas aZlevs~ da mere mxriv: �-zˆ-r-To `visac, rasac

isini mas(n) aZleven~.

igive z- prefiqsi gamoiKeneba saxelTa kuTvnilebiT-samimarTebo

formebSic da `l~-s rigis prefiqsebs enacvleba:

sara s-ˆ‚nˆ `Cemi saxli~ zˆ+nˆ `visi, risi saxlic~

am tipis formebTan aucilebelia:

Jer infinituri da Semdeg finituri warmoebis zmnaTa erTdrouli

xmareba:

98

zˆ-‚nˆ(�)-zˆ-z-dˆrgˆlaz axawa daa�t

↑ ↑ inf. fin.

zedmiw: `saxli visac auSenes kaci movida~

8888. . . . zmnis drozmnis drozmnis drozmnis dro----kiloTa sistemakiloTa sistemakiloTa sistemakiloTa sistema

afxazurs aqvs sami gramatikulad gamoxatuli dro: axlandeli, warsuli,

momavali. TiToeul dros ramdenime nakvTi mwkrivi Seesabameba.

rogorc zemoT aGvniSneT, zmnebi afxazurSi or rigad iKofa: statikur

da dinamikur zmnebad. nakvTTa warmoeba statikur da dinamikur zmnebs

sxvadasxvagvari aqvT.

statikur zmnebs Taviseburi fuZe aqvT da isini droTa warmoebis

TvalsazrisiT Zalze SezGudulia, dinamikuri zmna ki ufro mdidaria

nakvTebiT.

statikuri da dinamikuri zmnebis Kvela nakvTis forma ganarCevs finitur

da infinitur warmoebas.

9999. . . . statikuri zmnis nakvTebistatikuri zmnis nakvTebistatikuri zmnis nakvTebistatikuri zmnis nakvTebi

statikur zmnas aqvs finituri awmKo -…p sufiqsiT nawarmoebi da

finituri namKo ganusazGvreli -n sufiqsiT nawarmoebi.

rTuli …p sufiqsi drosa da finitobas erTdroulad gamoxatavs. …-

droisaa, -p finitobis mag.: sˆKo…p `var~, �bzio…p `kargia~, �xaa…p `tkbilia~...

awmKos infinitur formas oden -… sufiqsi awarmoebs. mag.: sax½Ko…

`sadac var~, �Sgbzio… ìs rom kargia~, �xaa… `rac tkbilia~...

namKo ganusazGvrelis finitur formas awarmoebs -n sufiqsi. mag.: sˆKan

`viKavi~, �bzian `kargi iKo~... infinitur formaSi ki -n sufiqsis adgilas -z

sufiqsi Cndeba, fonetikuri cvlileba ar xdeba; mag.: sax½ˆKab `sadac viKavi~,

�S´ bziaz `kargi rom iKo~...

99

zog statikur zmnas erTvis gangrZobiTobis (diuratiulobis) -zaa

sufiqsi, riTac emsgavseba dinamikur zmnas.

10101010. . . . dinamikuri zmnis nakvTebidinamikuri zmnis nakvTebidinamikuri zmnis nakvTebidinamikuri zmnis nakvTebi

1. awmKo, 2. mKofadi I, 3. mKofadi II, 4. namKo usr., 5. namK. ganus., 6. namK.

sruli anu aoristi, 7. namK. ukv., 8. namK. winare warsuli.

1. awmKoawmKoawmKoawmKo

-ua-�t > …e-�t, sadac -…a droisaa, -�t ki finitobisa...

Tu zmnis fuZe a- xmovniT bolovdeba, maSin -…e�t…e�t…e�t…e�t suf. wina xmovanTan

SerwKmiT -o�to�to�to�t saxeobas iZleva: s-ca-…a-�t > s-ca-…e�t > s-co�t `mivdivar~,

l-z-ba-…-�t > �-z-ba-…e�t > �-z-bo�t `vxedav~.

Tu zmnis fuZe bolovdeba nebismieri TanxmovniT, �, … naxevarxmovnebiT an

pa marcvliT, maSin -…e�t suf. ar ganicdis cvlilebas: �-s-Tˆ-s-x-…e�t `me mas

(n) vxatav~, s-ne�-…e�t `mivdivar~ �-…-…e�t `Kmuis~, e�-lˆ-s-kaa-…e�t `mesmis,

vigeb~, s-baha-…e�t `vbarav~...

awmKos infinitur formaSiawmKos infinitur formaSiawmKos infinitur formaSiawmKos infinitur formaSi zmnis fuZes oden drois aGmniSvneli -…a…a…a…a

suf. daerTvis, romelic erwKmis fuZis a- bolo xmovans da iZleva o-s (aaaa----…a…a…a…a >

oooo): s-ax½-ca-…a > s-ax½-co `sadac mivdivar~, �-z-ba-…a > �-z-bo `rasac vxedav~,

sxva SemTxvevebSi -…a ucvleli rCeba: �-Tˆ-s-x-…a `rasac vxatav~, s-ax½-ne-…a

`sadac mivdivar~, �-…-…a `rac Kmuis~, �-e�-lˆ-s-kaa-…a `rac mesmis, vigeb~, d-an-

baha-…a `roca baravs~...

zogJer awmKos formas mKofadis Sinaarsic aqvs, qarTulis msgavsad: …aw◦ˆ

aK◦a sco�t `xval soxumSi mivdivar, waval~.

2. mKofadi ImKofadi ImKofadi ImKofadi I

gamoxatavs im moqmedebas, romelic momavalSi aucileblad unda moxdes.

100

finit. forma iwarmoeba zmnis fuZeze -p suf.-is darTviT. am dros fonet.

cvlilebebi ar xdeba. s-ca-p `waval~, d-ˆ-z-ba-p `mas (ad.) vnaxav~, �-Tˆ-s-xˆ-p

`davxatav~, e�-lˆ-s-kaa-p `gavigeb~

infinitinfinitinfinitinfinit. formaSiformaSiformaSiformaSi -pppp- sufiqss enacvleba -rararara an -laklaklaklak º -lakelakelakelake½ º -laglaglaglag

sufiqsebi: san-ca-ra º s-an-ca-lak º s-an-ca-lak½ º s-an-ca-lag `roca waval~...

3. mKofadi IImKofadi IImKofadi IImKofadi II

axasiaTebs momavlis ufro ganusazGvreli Sinaarsi. finit. formas

awarmoebs rTuli -SSSS ´́́́----tttt < -SSSS ´́́́aaaa-�t�t�t�t, romelSic -SSSS ´́́́aaaa > -SSSS ´́́́ momaval drois

aGmniSvnelia, xolo -�t > t finitobisa. am rTuli suf.-is darTvisas fonet.

cvlilebani ar xdeba: s-ca-S´t `waval~, e�-lˆ-s-kaa-S´t `gavigeb~, mKof. II-is

infin. f. miiGeba oden momavali drois aGmniSvneli -Sá sufiqsis darTviT

zmnis fuZeze. fonet. proc. ar xdeba. s-an-ca-Sá `roca unda wavide~, e�-lˆ-s-

kaa-Sá `rac unda gavigo~.

4. namKo usrulinamKo usrulinamKo usrulinamKo usruli

awarmoebs -…a…a…a…a-nnnn suf, romelic emKareba awmKos nakvTis -…a…a…a…a sufiqsian infi-

nitur fuZes, romelic garTulebulia droisa da finitobis erTdroulad

gamomxatveli -nnnn suf.-iT. (Sdr. stat. zmnaTa namKo ganus. -nnnn suf.).

-…a…a…a…a-nnnn suf. fuZiseul -a xmovanTan SerwKmisas iZleva -onononon daboloebas: s-ca-

…a-n > s-c-on `mivdiodi~, d-ˆ-z-ba-…a-n > dˆzbon `mas (ad.) vxedavdi~...

aqac: TanxmovnebiT, �, … naxevarxmovnebiT, -aa da -ha marcvlebiT

damTavrebul fuZeebSi ucvlelia -…a…a…a…a-nnnn daboloeba: �-Tˆ-s-x-…a-n `vxatavdi~, s-

ne�-…a-n `mivdiodi~, e�-lˆ-s-kaa-…a-n `mesmoda, vigebdi~, s-baha-…a-n `vbaravdi~.

infinituri warmoebisas -…a…a…a…a sufiqss -nnnn sufiqsis nacvlad infiniturobis

-zzzz suf. erTvis: fonet. proc. ki igivea, rac fin. formaTa warmoebisas s-sax½-

ca-…a-z > s-ax½-c-o-z `sadac mivdiodi~, d-anˆ-z-ba-…a-z > d-an-ˆ-z-bo-z `roca mas

101

(ad.) vxedavdi~, �-Tˆ-s-x-…a-z `rasac, visac vxatavdi~, s-ax½-ne�-…a-x `sadac

mivdiodi~, e�lˆ-s-kaa-…a-z `rasac vigebdi, rac mesmoda~, s-an-baha-…a-z `roca

vbasavdi~...

5. namKo ganusazGvrelinamKo ganusazGvrelinamKo ganusazGvrelinamKo ganusazGvreli

-nnnn suf.-iT iwarmoeba. es suf. drosa da fin.-s erTdroulad gamoxatavs.

fonet. cvlil. ar xdeba, mxolod TanxmovanTa Soris -ˆ- xmovani gaCndeba

(neitraluri xmovani!):

s-ca-n `wavedi (da)~..., dˆ-z-ba-n ìgi(ad.) davinaxe (da)~..., �-Tˆ-s-xˆ-n

`davxate (da)...~ s-ne�-n `mivedi (da)...~, e�-�-lˆ-s-kaa-n `gavige (da)...~, s-baha-n

`davbare (da)...~ infintinfintinfintinfint. ffff....----SiSiSiSi -nnnn suf.-s infinit. -is -zzzz suf. enacvleba: s-an-

ca-z `roca wavedi~, d-an-ˆ-z-ba-z `roca igi (ad.). davinaxe~, as-Tˆ-s-x¥-z `rac,

vinc davxate~, s-ax½-ne-�-z `sadac mivedi~, e�-�-lˆ-s-kaa-z `rac gavige~, s-an-bah-a-

z `roca davbare~.

6. namKo srulinamKo srulinamKo srulinamKo sruli, , , , aoristiaoristiaoristiaoristi

-�t�t�t�t finitobis suf.-is darTviT iwarmoeba, es sufiqsi zog Tanxmovanze

daboloebul fuZeebTan marto -tttt-s saxiT SeiZleba Segvxvdes: i-z-dˆr-t

`gavige~, s-xal-t àvedi~ cali a- xmovniT daemTavrebul fuZeebSi -�t suf-is

i-s gavleniT a xmovani icvleba -e xmovniT: s-ca-�t > s-xe-�t `wavedi~, d-¥-z-ba-

�t > dˆ-b-be-�t ìgi (ad.) vnaxe~.

xolo TanxmovnebiT, … fonemiT, aa, ha marcvlebiT dasrulebul fuZeebSi

fonet. cvlilebebi ar xdeba: �-Tˆ-s-x-�t `davxate~, �-z-…-‹q `gavakeTe~,; e�-�l¥-

s-kaa-�t `gavige~, s-baha-�t `davbare~, �- fonemiT damTavrebul fuZeebSi

zogJer erTi ar ikargeba: s-nei-�t > s-ne-�t `mivedi~, s-aai-�t > s-aa-�t

`movedi~.

infin. forma aGar dairTavs droisa da infin. suf.-s, ar xdeba fonet.

102

cvl: s-an-ca `roca wavedi~, d-an-ˆ-z-ba `roca igi (adam.) vnaxe~, �-Tˆ-s-x(•) `rac

davxate~, s-ax½-ne� `sadac mivedi~, e�-�-lˆ-s-kaa `rac gavige~, s-an-bah-a `roca

davbare~.

zogJer, qarTulis msgavsad am formas awmKo mKof.-is mniSvnelobac aqvs: s-

ce�t STa a‚nˆKa `waval (wavedi) _ awi Sin (saxlSi~...

7. namKo ukveobiTinamKo ukveobiTinamKo ukveobiTinamKo ukveobiTi

-x½a-�t > x½e-�t sufiqsi awarmoebs, x½a- ukveobiTobis aGmniSvnelia, -�t ki

finit. s-ca-x½e�t ùkve wavedi~, dˆ-z-ba-x½e�t ùkve vnaxe~, �-Tˆ-s-x-x½e�t ùkve

davxate~, s-ne�-x½e�t ùkve mivedi~ e�-�-lˆ-s-kaa-x½e�t ùkve gavige~.

infinit. formaSi gamoiKeneba ori sufiqsi: ufro gavrcelebulia rTuli

-x½a-… > -x½o-…, sadac -x½a ukveobiTobas aGniSnavs, xolo -… igivea, rac

dasturdeba stat. zmnaTa awmKoSi.

meore ufro iSviaTi xmarebisaa -c suf., romelic ukveobiTobis

aGmniSvnelia: �-Ka-s-wa-x½o… º �-Ka-s-wa-c `rac ukve gamikeTebia~, �-z-ba-x½o… º �-

z-ba-c `rac, vinc ukve minaxavs~, �-Tˆ-s-x-x½o… º �-Tˆ-s-xˆ-c `rac, vinc ukve

damixatavs~...

gavrcelebulia amgvar gamoTqmebSi: iKaswac Kaswo�t ìmasve vakeTeb, rac

mikeTebia~, izuTac iT! `Sen (mk.) visTvisac migicia, (kvlav) mieci!~

8. namKo winare warsulinamKo winare warsulinamKo winare warsulinamKo winare warsuli

-x½a-n sufiqsi awarmoebs, romelSic -x½a ukveobiTobas aGniSnavs, xolo -n

namKo drosa da finit.-as erTdroulad: s-ca-x½an ùkve wasuli viKavi~, dˆ-z-ba-

x½an ùkve menaxa, nanaxi mKavda~, �-Tˆ-s-x-x½an ùkve daxatuli mKavda~, s-ne�-½an

ùkve misuli viKavi~, e�-�-lˆ-s-kaa-x½an ùkve gagebuli mqonda~...

infinitinfinitinfinitinfinit. . . . formaSiformaSiformaSiformaSi ori rTuli sufiqsia: -x½a-z da -cˆ-z. -x½a da -c

ukveobiTobas aGniSnaven, xolo -z namKo drois aGmniSvnelia. aqedan -cˆ-z

103

ufro uarKofiT formebSi dasturdeba: s-an-ca-x½az `roca ukve wasuli

viKavi~, �-z-ba-x½a-z `rac vinc ukve nanaxi mqonda, mKavda~, �-Tˆ-s-x-x½az `rac,

vinc daxatuli mqonda, mKavda~, s-an-ne�-x½az `roca ukve misuli viKavi~, �-e�-

lˆ-s-kaa-x½az `rac ukve gagebuli mqonda~... Sdr. uarK. formebi: s-anˆ-m-ca-cˆz

`roca Jer kidev ar viKavi wasuli~, �-sˆ-m-ba-cˆb `vinc, rac Jer kidev ar

menaxa~, �-T-sˆ-m-x-cˆb `vinc, rac Jer kidev ar damexata~, s-anˆ-m-ne�-cˆz `roca

Jer kidev ar viKavi misuli~, �-e�-l-sˆ-m-kaa-cˆz `rac Jer kidev ar (ver)

gamego~...

kategoriuli mKofadikategoriuli mKofadikategoriuli mKofadikategoriuli mKofadi

iwarmoeba aGweriT -a…p àris~ meSveli zmnis daxmarebiT (gamoKofs zogi

mkvlevari).

am drois zmna warmodgenilia awmKos infin. -…a sufiqsian, an aoristis

infinitur usufiqso formaze damKarebuli pirobiTi kilos -re

mawarmoebliani formiT: i-Ka-s-wa-r a…p ùnda gavakeTo~ (raTa, rom gavakeTo

aris) i-Ka-s-wa-r ak◦ˆn ùnda gamekeTebina~ (`raTa rom gamekeTebina, iKo~).

zogJer ZiriTadi zmnis pirobiTi -r sufiqsis win Cndeba -za suf.,

romelic diuratiulobis, gangrZobiTobisaa: �-dˆr…a-za-r a…p `man (mk.) unda

icodes~...

104

nakvTisa da kilos formas Soris gardamavalianakvTisa da kilos formas Soris gardamavalianakvTisa da kilos formas Soris gardamavalianakvTisa da kilos formas Soris gardamavalia::::

TurmTurmTurmTurmeobiTi IeobiTi IeobiTi IeobiTi I

-zaazaazaazaa----pppp

TurmeobiTi IITurmeobiTi IITurmeobiTi IITurmeobiTi II

-zaazaazaazaa----rˆrˆrˆrˆ----nnnn

iwarmoeba rogorc stat., ise dinamik. zmnaTagan, iKenebs saKrdenad zmnaTa

wminda fuZes; awmKos -…a…a…a…a > oooo daboloebian an ukveobiTis -xxxx½½½½aaaa sufiqsian

fuZeebs: sˆ+Ka-zaa-p `Turme vKofilvar~, d-co-zaa-p `Turme midis~, sˆKa-zaa-rˆ-

n `Turme vKofilvar~, d-ca-zaa-rˆ-n `wasula~, d-ca-x½a-zaa-n `Turme ukve

wasula~, d-ca-x½a-zaa-rˆ-n `Turme ukve wasuliKo~

cxrili

1. awmKo f. -…a-�t > …e-�t (sco�t)

inf. -…a > o (sanco)

2. mK. I f. -p

inf. -ra, -lak º -lak½ º -lag (sancalak½)

3. mK. II f. -Sá-�t > -S´-t (scaS´t)

inf. -Sá (sancaSá)

4. namK. usr. f. -…a-n > on (scon)

inf. -…az (sancoz)

5. namK. ganus. f. -n (scan)

inf. -z (sancaz)

6. namK. sr.,

aoristi

f. -�t > t (sce�t)

inf. -0 (sanca)

7. namK. ukv. f. -x½a-�t > -x½e-�t (scax½e�t)

inf. -x½a-… > -x½o-… (sancax½-o…)

inf. -c (snca-c)

105

8. namK. winar.

wars.

f. -x½a-n (scax½an)

inf. -x½a-z (sancax½az)

inf. -cˆ-z

kategoriuli mKof. -r a…p

-r ak◦ˆn

Turm. I f. -zaa-p

Turm. II f. -zaa-rˆ-n

ifn. formebi ar aqvs!

11. kilos kategoriakilos kategoriakilos kategoriakilos kategoria

afxazurs moepoveba: 1. brZanebiTi, 2. daSvebiTi koniunqtivi, 3. pirobiTi,

4. mizan-pirobiTi, 5.6. kavSirebliTi (I, II), 7. natvriTi da 8. moCvenebiTi

kiloebi, 9. TxrobiT kilos specialuri mwarmoebeli ar gaaCnia, zemoT

ganxiluli nakvTebi TxrobiTi kilosaTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli.

1111. . . . brZanebiTi kilobrZanebiTi kilobrZanebiTi kilobrZanebiTi kilo

Zir. ewarmoeba dinamikur zmnebsdinamikur zmnebsdinamikur zmnebsdinamikur zmnebs II piris orsave ricxvSi. Tu zmna

gardauvalia dairTavs uklebliv Kvela pirisa da klasis niSans: u-ca! `Sen

(mk.). wadi!~, b-ca! `Sen (b.) wadi~, S◦-ca! `wadiT!~ u-i-cxraa! (`Sen (mk.) mas (mk.)

daexmare!~

Tu zmna gardamavalia, maSin mxolobiT ricxvSi sub.-is klasovan-pirovan.

prefiqsebi ase gamoCndeba: Txr. k.: �-Ka-…-wo�t `Sen (mk.) raGacas akeTeb~/�-Ka-

wa! `gaakeTe!~ Txr. k.: d-aa-…-go�t `Sen (mk.) is (gon.) migKavs~, brZ. k.: d-aa-g!

`moiKvane! igi~ mr. r.-Si sub.-is piris niSani iqneba warmodgenili. es imitom,

rom mr. r-is pir-klasis niSnebi pirisa da ricxvs erTdroulad aGniSnavs da

ricxvis `xaTriT~ SenarCunebulia! (q. l.).

106

S◦-ca! `wadiT!~ �-Ka-S◦-wa! `gaakeTeT!~ d-aa-j◦-g! `moiKvaneT!~ (gardauv.-Sic

da gardam.-Sic).

brZ.-is formas xSirad daerTvis kategoriulobis, moTxovnis aGmniSvneli

-i(S) suf.: …-ce-�(S)! àba, wadi!~ …-g¥l-i(S)! àba, erTi adeqi!~, �-Ka-we-�(S)!

àba, gaakeTe!~

statikstatikstatikstatik. . . . zmzmzmzm.... brZ-s Cveulebriv -z suf. awarmoebs: …-Ka-z! ìKavi!~ …-t◦a-z!

ìJeqi!~

2222. . . . koniuqtivikoniuqtivikoniuqtivikoniuqtivi, , , , daSvebiTi kilodaSvebiTi kilodaSvebiTi kilodaSvebiTi kilo

ewarmoeba orsave ricxvsa da samsave pirs mawarmoebelia -aa�t (din. zm.)

da -z-aa�t (stat. zm.) Tu fuZe a-Ti mTavrdeba mosalodneli sami a-s nacvlad

ori a iqneba warmodgenili: *d-ca-aa�t > d-caa�t `dae, wavides!~ Tu fuZe ori

a-Ti mTavrdeba, mosalodneli 4-dan 2 a iqneba warmodgenili: *�e�likaa-aa�t >

�e�likaa�t `de, man is gaigos!~

amgvari ram ar xdeba stat. zmnebSi -xaa�t suf.-is darTvisas: d-g¥la-

zaa�t `dae, idges!~ �-baa-zaa�t! `dae, dalpes~

3333. . . . pirobiTi kilopirobiTi kilopirobiTi kilopirobiTi kilo

-r, -za-r, -z-T-g½ˆ suf.-ebi, aqedan -r suf. ar gamoiKeneba stat. zmnebSi,

xolo din. zmnis pirob. k.-os -zar suf. saKrdenad iKenebs sxvadasxva nakvTis

mza formebs: d-ca-r `Tu wava~, sˆ-Ka-zar `Tu var~, d-aa-�-…a-zar `Tu mova~,

dˆ-Ka-zTg½ˆ `Tu aris kidevac.

4444. . . . mizanmizanmizanmizan----pirobiTi kilopirobiTi kilopirobiTi kilopirobiTi kilo

gamoiKeneba pirob. k.-os -r sufiqsiani forma, romelsac damatebiT

daerTvis gardaqceviTobis -c, -t◦ an -nˆ sufiqsebi. zogJer r(ra) variantis

saxiTacaa warmodgenili. (es ufro Zvelia!) mag.: s-aa�-ranˆ `raTa movide~, �-Ka-

s-wa-ricº�-Ka-s-wa-rt◦º�-Ka-s-wa-ranˆ `ra�a gavakeTo~...

107

amave kilos sawarmoeblad gamoiKeneba agr. -ra suf. f.-xe darTuli aze

`Tvis~ (Tvis) Tandebuli: dˆ-z-ga-ra-zˆ `raTa waviKvano, mis wasaKvanad~...

5555,,,,6666. . . . kavSirebiTi kikavSirebiTi kikavSirebiTi kikavSirebiTi kilolololo

aqvs ori forma: kavSkavSkavSkavS. . . . IIII iKenebs -rararara sufiqsiani pirveli mKofadis formas,

romelsac ekveceba suf.-is aaaa xmovani da daerTvis -nnnn suf. (finitfinitfinitfinit. . . . wwww....) anda -zzzz

suf. (infinfinfinf. . . . wwww....----SiSiSiSi) s-ca-rˆn `wavidodi~, s-an-ca-rˆz `roca wavidodi~ �-Ka-s-wa-

rˆz `rasac gavakeTebdi~ kavSkavSkavSkavS. . . . IIIIIIII emKareba -SSSS ´́́́aaaa suf.-ian II mK.-is formas da

dairTavs imave -nnnn suf.ss (finfinfinfin. . . . wwww....----SiSiSiSi) anda -zzzz suf.ss (infinfinfinf. . . . wwww....----SiSiSiSi): s-ca-Sán

`wavidodi~, s-an-ca-wáz `roca wavidodi~, �-Ka-s-wa-Sán `gavakeTebdi~, �-Ka-s-wa-

Sáz `rasac gavakeTebdi~.

7777. . . . natvriTi kilonatvriTi kilonatvriTi kilonatvriTi kilo

-ndandandanda º -ndazndazndazndaz suf. awarmoebs: momdinareobs qarT. `neitadano~, -zzzz ki namKo

drois inf. suf.-ia: s-¥-Ka-nda(z) `netavi mamKofa!~, s-co-nda(z) `netavi

wavsuliKavi!~, �-Ka-s-wa-nda(z) `netavi gamekeTebina!~ da a. S.

magaliTebi:

1. Txr. …-ce�t `Sen waxvedi~

2. brZ. …-ca! (gardauv.). …t◦az! ìJeqi!~, …-ce�S! àba wadi!~ �-Ka-…-wo�t/i-

Ka-wa!

3. kon (daSv.). d-ca+a�t `dae, wavides!~

4. pirobiTi d-ca-r `Tu wava~, sˆ-Ka-zar, Tu var~

5. miz-pirob. saa�-ranˆ `raTa movide~ iKaswa-r+c º iKaswa-rt◦ºiKaswa-ranˆ

`raTa gavakeTo~

6. kavS. I sca-rˆn `wavidodi~ (fin.).

sanca-rˆz `roca wavidodi~ (inf.).

7. kavS. II sca-Sán `wavidodi~ (fin.)

108

sanca-Sáz `roca wavidodi~ (inf.

8. natvriTi scondaz `netavi wavsuliKavi~

iKaswandaz `netavi gamekeTebina~

9. moCvenebiTi dcaz-Sá `TiTqos wavida~

sˆKoTe-S◦a `TiTqos var~

8888. . . . moCvenebiTobis kilomoCvenebiTobis kilomoCvenebiTobis kilomoCvenebiTobis kilo

es iwarmoeba -S◦a naw.-is darTviT:

�-z-bo-S◦a `TiTqos vxedav~,

d-ca-z-S◦a `TiTqos wavida~,

sˆ-Ko…-S◦a `TiTqos var~...

cxrili

1. TxrobiTi

2. brZanebiTi (kateg. -S!) (stat. -z)

3. koniuqtivi (daSv.) ----aa�taa�taa�taa�t, , , , ----zzzz----aa�taa�taa�taa�t

4. pirobiTi -rdinrdinrdinrdin, -zazazaza-rrrr, -zzzz-TTTT-gggg½½½½ˆ̂̂̂

5. mizan-pirob. -rrrr + cccc, -tttt◦, -nˆnˆnˆnˆ azâzâzâzˆ `Tvis~

6. kavSirebiTi I -rararara (I mK.-is) + nnnn (fin.)

7. kavSirebiTi II emK. -SSSSáaaa (II mK.-s) + nnnn (fin.)

8. natvriTi -ndandandanda º -ndazndazndazndaz

9. moCvenebiTi -SSSS◦aaaa

12. absolutiviabsolutiviabsolutiviabsolutivi

gadmoscems damatebiT moq-s an mdgomareobas, romelic win uswrebs zmniT

(ZiriTadi) gamoxatul moqmedebas.

infinituri formaa garkveulwilad:

109

I zmnis dro-kiloTa suf-is armqonearmqonearmqonearmqone: (iSviaTi) a-ma-zaa-ra > sˆ-ma:

s‚ˆzc◦a s¥-ma saa�t `megobrebTan erTad movedi~

II ufro gavrc.: awmKos infin. -uauauaua > oooo

d-g◦ˆrG½o (< d-g◦ˆrG½a-…a) daa�t ìgi gaxarebuli movida~

III gardaqceviTobis -nˆnˆnˆnˆ suf.:

aurokq◦a Kawanˆ ax◦marra sce�t `gakveTilebi movamzade (da, ra) saTamaSod

wavedi~

IV mxolod uarKofiTi formis absol: -kkkk◦aaaa aw◦a im†ak◦a �kaj�t `vaSli

Seuymelad gadaagdo~...

* gardamavali zmnis fuZisagan nawarmoeb absolutivebSi sub.-is piri,

klasi da ricxvi Cveulebriv ar aGiniSneba.

13. kiTxviTi formakiTxviTi formakiTxviTi formakiTxviTi forma

1. intonaciuri: …ara �Ka…we�t?

2. alternatiuli: ………… Tavsa da boloSi:

dco-…-dˆmco-…?

`wavida Tu ar wasula?~

3. CakiTxvisas: -babababa nawilaki: dce�tba?

kiTxv. sagang. afiqsebi gamoiKeneba Kvela nakvTis formaSi:

ganarCevs adamianisa da aragonierTa klasebs adamiani `darban?~

4. aragon, nivTi ìarban?~

darban > -da suf. daerTvis nakvTis inf. formas:

�co darban? `vinc midis vin aris?~

> �co-da? `vin midis?~

110

�Ksada `vin aris?~, �Kazz-da? `vin gaakeTa? dˆzbada `vin dainaxa?~

5. aragon. kl.: -��, -ze�ze�ze�ze�, -z�z�z�z� suf. -iT: �…ge-�? `ra waiGe?~, �”go-ze� `ra

migaqvs?~, �…go-zi? `ra waiGe?~

-dadadada suf.-iT S irkveva,

-��, -ze�ze�ze�ze�, -zizizizi suf. -iT O...

6. zmniT gamoxatuli moqm.-is an mdgomareobis raoba irkveva -ma suf.-iani

kiTxv. formebiT, iTxoven pirdapir pasuxs: dcoma? `midis?~, dˆKo…ma? àris?~,

�Kawama? `gaakeTa?~

7. specifik: sagaremoebo elementebze: an (drois), ax½ (adgilis), S´

(viTarebis) prefiqsebs erTvis -ba elementi, viGebT anba `rodis?~ ax½ba > axfa

> aba `sad?~, *S´ba > S´fa `rogor?~ ...eseni daerTvis nakvTTa infinitur

fuZeebs:

danbaco? `rodis midis?~

dabaco? `sad midis?~

dˆS´faco? `rogor midis?~

8. zogJer pref.-ss da suf.-ss erTdroulad dairTavs zmna:

danbace�? `rodis wavida?~

9. mizezis aGmniSvneli kiTxv. formebi -�, -ze�, -z� kiTxviTobis suf-s

dairTaven: …zce�? `risTvis, ratom waxvedi?~

14. zmnis uarKofiTi formebizmnis uarKofiTi formebizmnis uarKofiTi formebizmnis uarKofiTi formebi

awarmoebs m xan pref. xan. suf.

statikur zmnebSi, din. finit: awmKo,

mKof. I, mKof. II, namKo usr-Si dgas Ziris Semdeg (sufiqsia!)

stat. fin. din. fin.

awmK. sˆ-Ka-m àra var~ s-co-m àr mivdivar~

111

namK. usr. sˆ Ka-mˆ-z-t àr vKofilvar scomˆzt àr mivdiodi~.

mK. I _ s-ca-rˆ-m àr waval~

mK. II _ s-ca(Sá-m àr waval~.

zmnis Ziris win dgas din. fin: namKo ganus, aorist., namK. ukv., namK. win,

wars, formebsa da imave din, zmnaTa Kvela nak.-is inf. formebSi (prefiqsia!)

dinamik. zmnis fin. warm.

namK. ganus.: sˆ-m-ca-z-t àr wavedi da~

aoristi: sˆ-m-ce-�t àr wavedi~

namK. ukv.: sˆ-m-ca-c-t àr wavsulvar~

namK. win. wars. sˆ-m-ca-cˆ-z-t àr viKavi wasuli~

dinamik. zmnis inf. warm.

awmKo: s-ax½ˆ-m-co `sadac ar mivdivar~

mKof. I: s-ac½ˆ-m-ca-ra `sadac ar waval~

mKof. II: s-ax½ˆ-m-ca-Sá `sadac ar waval~

namK. usr.: s-ax½ˆ-m-co-z `sadac ar mivdiodi~

namK. ganus.: s-ax½ˆ-m-ca-z `sadac ar wavedi da~

aoristi: s-ax½ˆ-mca `sadac ar wavedi~

namK. ukv: s-ax½ˆ-m-ca-c `sadac ar wavsulvar~

namK. uk. win. wars. s-ax½ˆ-m-ca-cˆ-z `sadac ar wavsuliKavi~

uarK. m- pref. din. zmnaTa uarK-kiTx. formebSi, ??-is garda Kvela kilosa

da sitKvaw. kateg.-Si awm. dˆmco� ìs ar midis?~

Taviseb. uarK. brZ-Si dˆm cozi àr midioda?~

�-…-m-ga-m > �-…-m-ga-n! àr waiGo!~

112

…-m-ca-m > …-m-ca-n! àr waxvide!~

dist. disimilaciiT!

gansxvavebiT dadeb. brZ-isagan uarK.-Si Kvela klas-piri afiqsia uklebliv

warmodgenili!

15. mimGeobamimGeobamimGeobamimGeoba

mimGeobis gamosaxatavad afxazurSi Kvelaze produqtiulia samimarTebo

prefiqsiani i(ˆ)- da z-prefiqsiani zmnis infinituri warmoeba.

aris zmnis fuZis saxiT warmodgenili mimGeobebi: a-lala ìrao,

saqoneli~ (Sdr. a-la-la-ria `rameSi Sesvla~), a-m-dˆr ùvici~ (Sdr. a-dˆr-ra

`codna~) a-Tak `pasuxi~ (aTara `micema) a-m-u-Ca `muqTaxorTa~ (Sdr. a-u-ra

`qmna~, a-Ca-ra `yama, puroba~, afxazuri mimGeobas awarmoebs agr. zmnis fuZeze

moqmedimoqmedimoqmedimoqmedi pirispirispirispiris aGmniSvneliaGmniSvneliaGmniSvneliaGmniSvneli -‚ˆ‚ˆ‚ˆ‚ˆ an samoqmedo sagnis aGmniSvneli -tttt◦ suf.-is

darTviT: a-r-wa-ra `swavleba~ > a-r(-wa-‚ˆ `maswavlebeli~, a-wa-ra `swavla~ > a-

wa-‚ˆ `moswavle~, a�ba-S-ra `brZola~ > a�ba-S-‚ˆ `meomari~, a-Ka-wa-t◦ˆ

`gasakeTebeli (Sdr. a-Ka-wa-ra `keTeba~), a-us-u-t◦ `samuSao~ (Sdr. a-u‡ `saqme~,

a-u-ra `qmna~)...

amjamad araproduqtiuli -xxxx½aaaa, -xaxaxaxa, -xxxx sufiqsebiT nawarmoebi mimGeobebi: a-

yá-Ta-x½a àGTqma~, (Sdr. a-y´ˆ `piri~, a-Ta-ra `micema~) a-h◦a-x½a `naTqvami~ (Sdr.

a-h◦a-ra `Tqma~) aa-za-x½a `buTxuza bavSvi~ (Sdr. aa-Za-ra àGzrda~), a-c¥-bl-a-xa

`namwvi~ (Sdr. a-bˆl-ra `wva~), a-Ca-x `kvezuli~ (Sdr. a-Ca-ra `puroba~) a-x-w◦a-

ra `moyra, wakveTa~) a-fw◦a-xa `nagleJi~ (Sdr. a-f-w◦a-ra `mowKveta, mogleJa~)

a-lˆ-fS´-aa-x àmorCeuli, SerCeuli~ (Sdr. a-l-fS´-aa-ra àmorCeva~) a-ka-S◦a-ra-

x `migdebuli bavSvi~ (Sdr. a-ka-w◦a-ra `gadagdeba~), a-S◦a-ra-x `nadiri~ (Sdr. a-

S◦a-ra `nadiroba~)...

zemoT ganxilul zmnur kategoriaTagan baTumel afxazTa metKveleba

Taviseburebebs avlens statikur zmnaTa awmKos nakvTis warmoebisas, finitur

113

da infinitur warmoebaSi, meSveli zmnis xmarebisas, dinamikur zmna infinitur

dadebiT warmoebaSi, namKo usrulSi, aoristSi, namKo ganusazGvrelSi. kilos

TvalsazrisiT: pirobiTi kilos warmoebisas, brZanebiTi kilos warmoebisas,

kiTxviTi formebis warmoebisas, zmnis uarKofiT formaTa warmoebisas.

danarCeni kategoriebis warmoebaSi mniSvnelovani sxvaoba ar SeiniSneba.

114

baTumel afxazTa baTumel afxazTa baTumel afxazTa baTumel afxazTa metKvelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelmetKvelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelmetKvelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelmetKvelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel

TavisebuTavisebuTavisebuTaviseburrrrebebebebani zmnisani zmnisani zmnisani zmnis kategoriaTa warmoebisas kategoriaTa warmoebisas kategoriaTa warmoebisas kategoriaTa warmoebisas....

statikuri zmnis awmKostatikuri zmnis awmKostatikuri zmnis awmKostatikuri zmnis awmKo

afxazur-abazur dialeqtebSi statikuri zmnis awmKos mwkrivi iwarmoeba

rTuli -…p sufiqsiT finituri formebisaTvis da -… sufiqsiT infinituri

formebisaTvis, rogorc zemoT iKo aGniSnuli, -p gamoxatavs finiturobas,

xolo -u axlandeli drois mawarmoebelia.

principuli sxvaoba am mxriv baTumel afxazTa metKvelebaSi ar

SeiniSneba.

1) feriel afxazTa metKvelebaSi aGniSnuli sufiqsebi zmnis fuZes

mierTvis ise, rom fuZis bolo xmovani ikargeba: mag.:

a…ˆsq◦a rac◦ˆ…p, Sdr.: afx. rac◦o…p, rac◦a…p `bevri saqmea~

�¥fxaSarˆ…, Sdr.: afx. �ˆfxaSaro… < �ˆfxaSara… `sircxvilia~

avagzal aKnˆ htˆ…, Sdr.: afx. ht◦o…p < ht◦a…p `Cven vsxedvarT sadgurSi~

2) -ˆ…p º -…ˆp sufiqsTa gverdiT statikur zmnaTa awmKos nakvTi

iwarmoeba -�ˆt º ˆ�t da -uˆt sufiqsebiTac:

a) sufiqsi -�ˆt º -ˆ�t

daara patˆ… rˆqnˆ �ˆKe�t Sdr.: afx. �ˆKo…p ìsini Zlier pativicemul

arian~

�ˆzzˆgaˆ ara �ˆKe�t, Sdr.: afx. �ˆKo…p `Kvelani aq arian~

a‚nˆ xˆy´ˆ dˆ‚ne�t, Sdr.: afx. dˆ‚no…p ìgi patara saxlSi cxovrobs,

zedmiw.: saxlobs~

b) sufiqsi -…ˆt (iSviaTad):

dara …ˆs �t◦ˆ…t, Sdr. afx. �t◦o…p ìsini ase sxedan~

…a afˆnJˆr aKnˆ �ˆkna ha…t, Sdr.: afx. �ˆknaha…p `mgoni is(n) fanJarasTan

kidia~

…ˆrT raj◦a fS´Zˆ…t, Sdr.: afx. fSZo…p `maTi sitKvebi lamazia~

115

-�ˆt, -…ˆt sufiqsTa gamoKeneba -ˆ…p sufiqsTa gverdiT statikur zmnaTa

finitur awmKoSi damaxasiaTebelia aSxaruli dialeqtisaTvis. danarCen

dialeqtebSi aseTi ram ar xdeba (lomTaTiZe, aSxaruli dialeqti, ... 111-120,

tapanTuri dialeqti, ... 143).

damxmare zmnadamxmare zmnadamxmare zmnadamxmare zmna

damxmare zmna àris~ a-k…/a-k◦ < ak◦zaara gamoiKeneba Kvela afxazur-abazur

dialeqtSi. tapanTurSi s-a-k…-ˆ-p, aSxarulis afsuis kilokavSi s-a-k…-ˆ…t,

kuvinskis kilokavSi s-k…-ˆ…p `var~. amis paralelurad aSxarulis kilokavSi

farTod gamoiKeneba imave mniSvnelobiT a-…. aq s-a-k…-ˆ…p da s-a-…-p `var~

Tanasworad gamoiKeneba. es a-… ar axasiaTebs tapanTurs da aSxarulis afsuis

k.k.-s. bzifursa da abjuurSi a-… damxmare zmnad mxolod dadebiTi

warmoebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli.

asevea baTumel afxazTa angisas metKvelebaSic: s-a-…-p `me var~, magram

uarKofiT warmoebaSi: s-a-k…-ˆm `me ar var~, warsul droSi, namKo

ganusazGvrelSi s-k…-ˆn `me viKavi~, mis uarKofiT formaSi s-a-k…-ˆmzt `me ar

viKavi~ da a. S. gamoiKeneba sxva fuZe -ak….

rac Seexeba feriel afxazTa metKvelebas, aq aSxaruli dialeqtis

kuvinskis k.k.-is msgavsad, damxmare zmnad gamoiKeneba ori fuZe: a-… da a-…:

aaaa----… fuZe… fuZe… fuZe… fuZe

1111. . . . awmKoawmKoawmKoawmKo

a) dadebiTi warmoeba

iah◦Sa l-o-…-p ìgi misi (mk.) daa~

b) uarKofiTi warmoeba

�ah◦Sa la-…-Zag ìgi misi (mk.) da araa~

2222. . . . namKo ganusazGvrelinamKo ganusazGvrelinamKo ganusazGvrelinamKo ganusazGvreli

116

a) dadebiTi warmoeba

�ˆzbagaˆ afsuaa ron < ra-uˆ-n ìsini Kvelani afxazebi iKvnen~

b) uarKofiTi warmoeba

dara r-a-…ˆ-mzt ìsini ar iKvnen~


…an l-o-zari, sara sangaˆ lo…p `Tu ki is (q.) dedaSenia, maSin

dedaCemicaa~

4444. . . . zmnis kiTxviTi formazmnis kiTxviTi formazmnis kiTxviTi formazmnis kiTxviTi forma

�ab �aSa �a…zma? ìgi mamamisis Zma iKo?~

5555. . . . daSvebiTi kilodaSvebiTi kilodaSvebiTi kilodaSvebiTi kilo

aZGab la…zaa�t, aTaca la…zaa�t aZ◦ dˆmce�t `gogo iKo Tu rZali iKo

aravin ar wavida~

aaaa----k… fuZek… fuZek… fuZek… fuZe


a…xa SáanZa …ˆ� a-k…p `mTeli Game amaze fiqrobda~

2222. . . . namKo anusazGvrelinamKo anusazGvrelinamKo anusazGvrelinamKo anusazGvreli

afs…ara zmˆrZˆz …ˆrT rak……p `vinc afxazuri etiketi ar dakarga eseni

arian~


…ara …ak…zari …ˆs Ka…wo´ˆzt ès rom Sen KofiliKavi, ase ar moiqceodi~

4444. . . . kiTxviTi formakiTxviTi formakiTxviTi formakiTxviTi forma

bara bak…û lara lak…ˆ… �caranˆ �ˆKo…? Sen (q.) xar Tu igi (q.) vinc iq

unda wavides?

dinamikuri zmnadinamikuri zmnadinamikuri zmnadinamikuri zmna

117


am nakvTis warmoebis mxriv baTumel afxazTa metKvelebaSi principuli

sxvaoba ar SeiniSneba, arc gamoiKeneba -…a sufiqsi infinitur warmoebaSi, -

ˆ…t º -�ˆt sufiqsi finiturSi. aqac xdeba …a-�t-…o-�t, …a-�t-…e-�t, …a-�t-

o�t, ot-ot procesi, romelic zogadad afxazur-abazur dialeqtebs

axasiaTebs.

feriis metKvelebisaTvis -…a sufiqsis a xmovnis reduqciis procesi ufro

damaxasiaTebelia, ris Sedegadac viGebT: mag.:

aJma rSˆ…t `Txas klaven~

uyk sˆccakˆ…t `cota meCqareba~ da a. S.

zmnuri daboloebis xmovani reducirdeba

aaaa) ) ) ) finitur dadebiT warmoebaSifinitur dadebiT warmoebaSifinitur dadebiT warmoebaSifinitur dadebiT warmoebaSi::::

aj◦a sˆS◦Tozari …ˆ�(�ˆq◦nagû) ax'ˆZ sh◦�t `Tu Tqven me sitKvas momcemT,

maSin me Sesaferis saxels vetKvi~

bbbb) ) ) ) uarKofiT finitur warmoebaSiuarKofiT finitur warmoebaSiuarKofiT finitur warmoebaSiuarKofiT finitur warmoebaSi

…ˆ� rze�lkaaZˆ…m `bevrs es ar esmis~

garda zemoT CamoTvlili SemTxvevebisa feriis metKvelebaSi gvxvdeba

SemTxvevebi, rodesac -…e�t daboloebis -… ikargeba. da Sedegad viGebT –e�t

daboloebas:

mag.: a…a‚ˆ bzˆ�a dKale�t, ac◦gaa dKale�t, Sdr. afx. dKalo�t <

dKala…e�t àrian kargi adamianebi, arian cudi adamianebi~

es procesi (-…-s dakargva) ganakuTrebiT gavrcelebulia uarKofiT

warmoebaSi zmnisa (rogorc xmovniT, ise TanxmovniT daboloebul fuZeebSi)

mag.: …aha �ˆszˆCham, Sdr.: afx. �ˆszˆCha…am `meti aGar SemiZlia amis

moTmena~

…ˆ� agaˆ�xaSTam Sdr.: afx. ag½ˆ�xaS…am `mas araferi ar aviwKdeba~

es procesic mxolod aSxarulisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli (lomTaTiZe,

118

aSxaruli … 182-183).

namKo usrulinamKo usrulinamKo usrulinamKo usruli

baTumel afxazTa metKvelebaSi namKo usruli, iseve rogorc danarCen

afxazur-abazur dialeqtebSi iwarmoeba -…a-n sufiqsiT finitur warmoebaSi

da -…a-z sufiqsiT infinitur warmoebaSi, oGond feriis metKvelebisaTvis

fonetikuri procsi (a-s reduqcia da u-s dakargva) damaxasiaTebelia:

a) a- xmovnis reduqcia -…an sufiqsidan:

icun-icˆ…n (< �ca…an) wˆs-xˆsra ìsini midiodnen sanadirod, zedmiw.:

Citis sasrolad~

b) … xmovnis dakargva namKo usrulis uarKofiT formaSi:

iaKanˆ dc◦aj◦aZamˆzt (< dc◦aj◦aZa…amˆzt) ìgi (q.) (rZali) misi

TandaswrebiT ar laparakobda~

aoristiaoristiaoristiaoristi

rodesac zmnis fuZe xmovniT mTavrdeba, aoristis warmoebisas -�ˆt�ˆt�ˆt�ˆt º -

ˆ�tˆ�tˆ�tˆ�t sufiqsis darTvisas xdeba sxvadasxva fonetikuri procesebi.

angisas metKvelebaSi fuZiseuli a a a a ----�ˆt�ˆt�ˆt�ˆt º -ˆ�tˆ�tˆ�tˆ�t sufiqsis darTvisas

gadadis eeee-Si:

�guˆ baafsxan, dˆSTale�t (< dˆSTaldˆSTaldˆSTaldˆSTala�ta�ta�ta�t) ìgi cudad Seiqna da dawva~

feriis metKvelebaSi ki a- aoristis sufiqsis win zogJer ˆ-Si gadadis:

baSá hacˆ�t (< haca�t) `Cven amaod wavediT~

sah◦Sa daanxˆ�t, saSa daanxˆ�t (< daanxa�t) `Cemi da darCa, Cemi

ZmadarCa~...

xmovnis reduqcia damaxasiaTebelia afxazuris bzifuri dialeqtisaTvis

(bGajba ... 163-164) da abazuris aSxaruli dialeqtisaTvis (q. lomTaTiZe,

aSxaruli ... 154-155).

119

namKo ganusazGvrelinamKo ganusazGvrelinamKo ganusazGvrelinamKo ganusazGvreli

namKo ganusazGvreli baTumel afxazTa metKvelebaSi iseve iwarmoeba,

rogorc danarCen afxazur-abazur dialeqtebSi. feriis metKvelebas axasiaTebs

mcireodeni Taviseburebani. aq zmnuri fuZis a- xmovani gadadis ˆ-Si namKo

ganusazGvrelis sufiqsis win, iseve rogorc aoristSi, garda amisa, a namKo

ganusazGvrelis formebi bolo xmovniani da boloTanxmovniani zmnebisa

SeiZleba daemsgavsos erTmaneTs:

se�Sˆ fh◦ˆs daa�gˆn (< daa�gan) `Cemma Zmam coli moiKvana~

a…ˆTra x…yˆk �ˆKahwˆn (< �Kahwan) `Cven gavakeTeT patara bostani~

am SemTxvevaSi a > ˆ procesTan gvaqvs saqme.

kilokilokilokilo

pirobiTi kilopirobiTi kilopirobiTi kilopirobiTi kilo

baTumel afxazTa metKvelebaSi pirobiTi kilos sawarmoeblad, iseve

rogorc sxva afxazur-abazur dialeqtebSi gamoiKeneba -rrrr sufiqsi. amis

paralelurad feriel afxazTa metKvelebaSi gamoiKeneba -ri sufiqsi:

C´¶ˆla hamcari hazlacozi? `Tu cxeniT ara, riT wavalT?~

afxˆZ …ˆmh◦ozari �e�G½…p ùkeTesia sizmars Tu ar itKvi~

rodesac pirobiTi kilos zmnas erTvis -g½ˆ (`c“) nawilaki, maSin

pirobiTi kilos mawarmoeblad iqneba mxolod –r (i-s gareSe):

…a �ue�fS´ˆ… dûbargaˆ soup uh◦oma? `Tu Sen Sen msgavs kacs dainaxav,

etKvi, rom es me var?~

angisas metKvelebaSi (ufrosi Taobis) SeiniSneba -nˆ sufiqsiT

garTulebuli pirobiTi kilos warmoeba, mas uSualod mierTvis –r, -zar, -

zarc...

�ˆrTˆxxarnˆ (Sdr. �ˆrTˆxxar) �Karwo�t `Tu isini moindomeben,

gaakeTeben~

aj◦abj S◦aharcnˆ (Sdr. S◦aharc) S◦ˆKo…p `Tqven kidev gaigonebT siaxles~

120

brZbrZbrZbrZanebiTi kiloanebiTi kiloanebiTi kiloanebiTi kilo

brZanebiTi kilo baTumel afxazTa metKvelebaSi iseve iwarmoeba,

rogorc danarCen dialeqtebSi, sufiqsebis gareSe:

…ˆ‚! `gaiqeci!~, …ca! `wadi!~, S◦ta! `dasxediT!~

amis paralelurad feriis metKvelebaSi xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac

bolo a- xmovani reducirdeba gadadis ˆ-Si:

bnask½ˆ (Sdr.: bnask½a) `miiwie Sen (q.)!~

…a �daS◦wˆ (Sdr.: �KaS◦wa) `datoveT is Tqven iq!~

igive xdeba brZanebiTi kilos uarKofiT formebSi:

�uˆmgˆn (Sdr.: �uˆmgan) àr aiGo!~

�…ˆm†ˆn (Sdr.: �…ˆm†an) àr yamo!~

es procesi a > ˆ bzifursac axasiaTebs.

rodesac a-ze damTavrebul fuZes brZanebiT kiloSi emateba –I sufiqsi,

romelic met kategoriulobas sZens zmnur formas, xdeba sxvadasxva

fonetikuri procesebi:

a) angisas metKvelebaSi aaaa- iiii-s win gadadis eeee-Si (rogorc danarCen

afxazurSi): uce� < uca� àba wadi Sen (mk.)!~

bafx½e� (< bafx½a-�) àba waikiTxe Sen (q.)!~

b) feriis metKvelebaSi ki aaaa, rogorc wesi, mTlianad reducirdeba an

gadadis ˆ̂̂̂-Si:

…aalˆ� (< …aala-�) àba, wavideT {modi} Sen (mk.)!~

bt◦ˆ� (< bt◦a-�) àba, daJeqi Sen (q.)!~

zmnis kiTxvzmnis kiTxvzmnis kiTxvzmnis kiTxviTi formaiTi formaiTi formaiTi forma

zmnis kiTxviTi forma iwarmoeba specialuri sufiqsebiT, garda amisa

garkveuli logikuri maxviliTa da intonaciiT. asea es baTumel afxazTa

metKvelebaSic.

oGond, amasTan erTad baTumel afxazTa metKvelebisaTvis

damaxasiaTebelia erTi Tavisebureba: mxolod intonaciiT kiTxviTobis

121

gadmocema, sufiqsebis gareSe.

ara a‚nˆ dkaha�t (Sdr. dkahama?) ìgi (q.) aq daeca?~

…ara �ue�habû dˆKaZam? (Sdr. dˆKaZami �ue�habˆ…?) àravin aris Senze

ufrosi gana?~

kiTxviT-uarKofiTi warmoebisaTvis gamoiKeneba

uarKofiT-infinituri fuZe, romelsac iiii kiTviTobis elementi emateba:

(ykadua ..., 1970, 241-242).

amaT gverdiT baTumel afxazTa feriis metKvelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebe-

lia -ma sufiqsis gamoKenebac uarKofiT-kiTxviT formebSi, iseve, rogorc es

abazurSia:

…ara ‚ˆnt◦ saKanˆ …maan ha g½ˆ…asˆmhama (Sdr. afx. …maan h◦a …asˆmh◦e�?

`gana me Sen ar geubnebodi, orJer CemTan ar moxvide-meTqi?~

angisas metKvelebaSi, iseve rogorc afxazur-abazuri enis zog k.k.-Si

aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac z (I kiTxviTobis elementis gauCinarebis

SemTxvevaSi, erTdroulad gamodis warsuli droisa da kiTxviTobis

mawarmoeblis rolSi:

�re�mah◦ax½azˆz? (Sdr.: �ere� mh◦ax½azˆ�?) ìs maT imas ar eubneboda gana?~

sxuˆyˆmzˆz (Sdr.: sxuyˆmzˆ�?) …ˆsKan, �ˆsg◦alaS◦aZom `me maSin patara

viKavi da ar maxsovs~

122

zmnis uarKofiTi formazmnis uarKofiTi formazmnis uarKofiTi formazmnis uarKofiTi forma

afxazur-abazur dialeqtTa msgavsad, baTumel afxazTa metKvelebaSi

uarKofa gamoixateba -m- morfemiT. feriis afxazTa metKvelebaSi xdeba

sxvadasxva fonetikuri procesebi: ikargeba axlandeli drois (awmKos nakvTis)

sufiqsi -u:

�…ahaZa…am < �…ahaZam `Sen Cemi ar gesmis?~

KuradGebas iqcevs is faqti, rom finituri zmnis uarKofiT formaSi

gamoiKeneba -g½ˆ afiqsi, romelic abazuri dialeqtebisaTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli

da rogorc aGniSnulia specialur literaturaSi gamoxatavs finiturobas

uarKofiTi warmoebis zmnebSi (q. lomTaTiZe, tapanTuri ... 159-161):

…ˆs g½ˆKalom (Sdr. …ˆs Kalom) àse ar SeiZleba~

…ˆKara g½ˆbjam (Sdr. …ˆ� aKara bjam) àrc ise Sors~ da sxv.

feriis metKvelebaSi aGiniSneba ormagi uarKofa aura

1. `miGeba~, 2. `dabadeba~ zmnaSi.

abileT smamûZe�t (Sdr. �ˆsmauZe�t) `me uer viSove bileTi~

abas Kahwap ha �azhoz dˆ�mamˆ…Ze�t àse rom gagvekeTebina, CvenTvis

mTqmeli aravin ar aGmoCnda, gaCnda~

ormagi uarKofis SemTxveva e. kilbas mxolod erTi 74 wlis

informatoris metKvelebaSi daudasturebia (aSxarulSic aris).

baTumel afxazTa metKvelebaSi (feriasa da angisas metKveleba) aris m-

prefiqsis gadaadgilebis SemTxvevebi zogierT rTulfuZian zmnaSi:

…ˆ� Kalomzaap (Sdr. afx. Kamlozaap) ès ar SeiZleboda gakeTebuliKo~

arˆ�g½ˆ dˆmSTalozaap (Sdr. afx. dˆSTamlozaap) ìs Turme ar wveba~

es albaT am rTulfuZian zmnaTa: aKawara, aKalara, aSTalara erT mTlian

fuZed aGqmis braliao, aGniSnavs kilba. baTumel afxazTa metKvelebaSi

aGniSnuli zmnebi aGiqmeba rogorc erTi mTlianoba (fuZe) da amitom -m dgeba

mis win (an mis Semdeg) da aGar xleCs rTul fuZes, rogorc es sxva

dialeqtTa SemTxvevaSi xdeba.

123

baTumel afxazTa metKvelebaSi zogJer -m uarKofiTobis afiqsis gverdiT

gvxvdeba Turquli enidan nasesxebi -ne�, romelic sxva dialeqtebisaTvis

ucxoa. igi mniSvnelobiT uaxlovdeba rusul ни... нт-s àrc... arc~... da dgeba

uarsaKofi sitKvis win. zmna am dros aris dadebiT formaSi: nawilak –ne�-s

aqvs uarKofiTobis da mtkicebiT-gaZlierebiTobis -gaˆ/gaˆ nawilakis funqcia

(elferi):

ne� sne�x½e�t, ne� dˆzbax½e�t (Sdr. afx. sag½ˆmne�wt, dag½ˆzˆmbact) `me ar

mipovia da ar minaxavs~

ne�arˆ� daa�gˆ�t, ne� anˆ� daa�gˆ�t (Sdr. arˆ�g½ˆ daa�ˆmge�t, anˆ�gaˆ

daa�ˆmge�t àrc es moiKvana, arc is moiKvana~.

124

zmnisarTi

zmnisarTebi afxazurSi sam umTavres jgufSi erTiandebian: 1. adgilis

zmnisarTebia: abra || > ara àq~, ubra || > …a ìq~, abna || > ana `mand~

(romlebic kavSirSia nacvalsaxelebTan: abri || > ari ès~, ubri || > …i ìs,

igi~, abni || > ani èg~, aaig◦a àxlos~, aarc◦ `gamoRma~, nˆrc◦ `gaRma~, aÂada

`maRla, zemoT~, alada `dabla, qvemoT~. zogi adgilis zmnisarTi iwarmoeba

arsebiTi saxelis fuZeze -n sufiqsis darTviT: amÂan `gzad~, aqˆTan

`soflad~.

2. drois zmnisarTebi sxvadasxva gziT aris nawarmoebi: `dRes~, Áax�a || >

ex�a `dRes~, Áacˆ || > ecˆ `guSin~, …axa àmaRam~, …aw◦ˆ `xval~, …aw◦ˆSTax½

`zeg~ (zedmiw.: `xvalis Semdeg~), alSˆq◦sanˆk `mTel weliwads~, esˆmSá

`yoveldRe~, usyan `maSin~, znˆk èrTxel~, aSámTazˆ `ganTiadisas~, wxˆbJon

`SuaRamisas~...

3. viTarebis zmnisarTebi: abas || > as àse, amgvarad, ubas || > us ìse~

abans || > ana ègre~ (es zmnisarTebi adgilis ramdenime zmnisarTis msgavsad

kavSirSia nacvalsaxelebTan: abri || > ari ès~, ubri > ui, ìs, igi~, abni || >

ani èg~. Áaalˆry�anˆ `moulodnelad, uceb~, Áaraznak ùceb~, ÁracÁanˆ

`blomad~, x◦ˆWZak `mcired~, xˆmfada àucileblad~ (gvancelaZe, 2003, 105-106).

baTumel afxazTa metyvelebaSi e. kilba gamoyofs e. w. zmnisarTul

sityvas `g�ene~ `xelaxla~, ìsev~, `Tavidan~, `kidev~ (es sityva Turquli

enidan SeuTvisebiaT baTumel afxazebs. maTs metyvelebaSi gavrcelebulia:

g�ana, g�ˆna, g�ˆne:

g�ene ÁaaJ◦âma? `kidev moitanes is (n)? ara afsuaa ˆyoup g�ˆnˆ `kidev

afxazebi arian aq?~ g�ana xar hamaz `kidev ara gviSavs~ (kilba, 1982, 75).

125

Tandebuli

afxazuri ena gamoirCeva TandebulTa simciriT. afxazurSi TandebulTa

simcire saxelebTan, kompensirebulia windebulTa siuxviT zmnebSi.

ZiriTadi Tandebulebia: -ax�- `ken, -Si~ (aS´kol axa `skolisaken~) _ aW´ˆ-

`Si~ (aqˆTa-W´ `sofelSi~), -ya `-ken; -Si~ (aÂnˆ-ya `saxlSi, Sin, Sinisaken~), -nZa

`-mde~ (aqˆTa-nZa `soflamde~), -yn¥ || -yˆn `-Tan~ (sara s-ynˆ `CemTan~), Sýa `-ken~

(aklub aSýa `klubisaken~), -nt◦ `-dan~ (qarTˆ-nt◦ `Tbilisidan~), amwan `Ziras~

(aw◦awla amwan `vaSlis xis Ziras, qveS~), -zˆ `-Tvis~ (awara-zˆ

`swavlisaTvis~, sara s-zˆ `CemTvis~), -la `-iT~ (Sapˆ-la `fexiT, qveiTad~,

C´ˆ-la `cxeniT~) da sxv. (gvancelaZe, 2003, 106).

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, lokaluri urTierToba/mimarTuleba

afxazurSi ZiriTadad lokaluri preverbebiTa da Zir-sufiqsebiT

gadmoicema, amitom Tandebulebi saxelebTan iSviaTad ixmareba. afxazuri

enis sxva dialeqtebSi SeimCneva -ax�, -ynˆ || -yˆn, -ya Tandebulebis erTi -W´ <

aW´ˆ- `Si~ TandebuliT Secvlis tendencia. asea es aWarel afxazTa

metyvelebaSic. am mxriv raime gansakuTrebuls maTs metyvelebaSi ver

wavawydiT.

126

kavSiri

afxazur enas ar gaaCnia rTuli qvewyobili winadadeba. Sesabamisad,

arc maqvemdebarebeli kavSirebi. is, rac sxva enebSi sintaqsis sferos

ganekuTvneba da warmodgenilia mTavari da damokidebuli winadadebis

saxiT, afxazurSi Taviseburad asaxulia zmnis dro-kiloTa formebSi.

mTavar winadadebas droTa finituri, xolo damokidebuls droTa

infinituri warmoeba Seesabameba (ix. zemoT).

afxazurSi gamoyofen kavSirTa sam mTavar jgufs:

1. maerTebeli kavSirebi, romlebic ufro nawilakuri bunebisaa da

damoukidebel erTeulebs ar warmoadgens. mag.: -i sufiqsi udris qarTulis

`da~ kavSirs da daerTvis winadadebaSi warmodgenil yvela sakavSirebel

sityvas: sar-i, sandu-i, ìliko-i, ilarioni-i, `me bebia (Cemi), iliko da

ilarioni~.

amave wesiT gamoiyeneba agreTve qarTuli -c nawilakis fardi -g�ˆ,

kavSir-nawilaki-: sar-g�¥, …ar-g�ˆ, Áar-g�ˆ `mec, Senca da isic~...

2. macalkevebeli kavSirebia: ia àn~, ma àn~: Áa sara, Áa …ara àn me, an

Sen~, ma aw◦a, ma aha àn vaSli, an msxali~.

3. mapirispirebeli kavSirebia: axa `magram~, amala òRond~, ak◦ˆmzar ||

mamzar || mak◦ˆmzar `Torem~ (gvancelaZe 2003, 107).

CamoTvlil kavSirTa garda aWarel afxazTa metyvelebaSi gamoiyofa

nasesxebi maerTebeli da maqvemdebarebeli kavSirebi: da `da~ nasesxebi

qarTulidan; hem àseve~, nasesxebi Turqulidan.

127

a) ikaJ da baaÁ `gadaagde da modi Sen(q)~

scoÁt ih◦ˆt da dcˆÁt `Tqva wavalo da wavida~

b) hem im sityvis win dadgeba, romelsac miemarTeba (ixmareba wyvilad):

hem apensiax½ dceÁt, hem a…ˆs i…eÁt ìgi (mk) pensiazec gavida da muSaobs

kidec~.

mxolod hem zmnisarTuli funqciiTac ixmareba: hem …anSa-…an laSˆ

Áak◦ˆ…p àmis garda igi (mk) Seni biZaa (Zmaa dedaSenisa).

g) Turqulidanvea Semosuli kavSiri Áa àn~, romelic afxazuri ma

kavSiris paralelurad ixmareba Áa S◦t◦a, Áa S◦ca àn dasxediT, an wadiT~

es kavSiri, iseve rogorc afxazuri ma wyvilad gamoiyeneba

(macalkevebelia).

d) mapirispirebeli ama (Turquli) kavSiri: afsS◦a ÁeÁlˆrkaa…eÁt, ama

ah◦ara Áˆrh◦aZom `maT esmiT afxazuri, magram ver laparakoben~.

(kilba, 1982, 69-71).

rogorc aRvniSneT, afxazurisaTvis rTuli qvewyobili winadadeba

ucxoa; miuxedavad amisa, baTumel afxazTa metyvelebaSi e. kilba

adasturebs TiTqmis maqvemdebarebel qi kavSirs, Semosuls Turqulidan:

sˆxS´ˆÂ ÁˆfnayoÁt qi, a…aÂˆ aSTax½gˆ dˆbziaxoÁt `me vfiqrob (Cems

TavSi), rom kaci yvelaferi momxdaris mere gamoswordeba (gakargdeba)~.

(kilba, 1982, 71-74).

128

nawilaki

afxazuri enas nawilakebic mcire raodenobiT moepoveba. dadasturebiTi

nawilakebia: aa, aaÁ, aieÁ `ho, diax, ki~; uaryofiTi nawilakebia: map, mamou

àra, vera~. dananebas gadmoscems damoukideblad xmarebuli an zmnis

formaSi CarTuli g◦aSa `sawyali~ nawilaki: dˆ˜fs-g◦aSe-Át `mokvda sawyali~.

sxvaTa sityvis nawilakia a-h◦a-ra `Tqma~ zmnis Zirisagan momdinare -h◦a

sufiqs-nawilaki, romelic udris qarTulis -meTqi, -Tqo, -o nawilakebs:

sarg½ˆ scoÁt-h◦a …poh◦e-Át `mec waval-meTqi, giTxari~, sarg½ˆ scoÁt-h◦a

sˆziah◦ `gadaeci (CemTvis uTxari) mas, mec waval-Tqo~ sarg½ˆ scoÁt-h◦a,

seÁh◦eÁt `mec waval, miTxra man~ (gvancelaZe, 2003, 107).

CamoTvlilTa garda baTumel afxazTa metyvelebas axasiaTebs

Turqulidan nasesxebi hele nawilaki, romelic ixmareba zmna-SemasmenelTan

da atarebs mbrZaneblur elfers:

hele, iˆszaaga! àba, momitane is me Sen!~

aseve Turqulidanaa afxazurSi Sesuli: beq½ˆ½ˆ½ˆ½ˆm || beq½ˆ½ˆ½ˆ½ˆ àlbaT~

mniSvnelobis nawilaki. beq½ˆm, Árimbact …ˆÁ `SesaZloa (albaT) maT ar

unaxavT is (n)~.

sanq½ˆ½ˆ½ˆ½ˆ || sanq½ˆ½ˆ½ˆ½ˆs (CakiTxvisas) `gana~

sanq½ˆ …ˆÁ axˆlfa Áˆ…xawaloÁt- `gana am quds Sen ixuravdi?~

hˆlbeT `ra Tqma unda~

helbeT, hax…afS´ˆr hTaxˆ…p `ra Tqma unda, Cven gvinda is (n) vnaxoT~

sahaÁqi `namdvilad~

sahaÁqi ÁabaanageÁ …ˆÁ ÁnapaW´ˆ? `marTla, saidan aRmoCnda is Sens

xelSi?~

xom qarTulidan nasesxebi nawilaki; aniWebs moqmedebas dadasturebiT

elfers: vaJa, xom, dˆbdˆr…eÁt? `vaJas, xom, icnob?~ (kilba, 1983, 74)

129

Sorisdebuli

Sorisdebulebia: gaocebis, mwuxarebis gamomxatveli …nan `vaime, uime,

ui~, dida `dedi!~; gamamxnevebeli ahahaÁt, amarja; gaocebis jˆm-jˆm; ricxvis

gamomxatveli: uut, aaÁt; siwynarisaken momwodebeli siS, aSSˆh◦a `su, Cumad,

wynarad~, mimarTvisas saxmari o, …a, …aa ò, ho, he~ da sxv. (gvancelaZe 107).

SorisdebulTa xmarebis TvalsazrisiT raime gansakuTrebuli

Tavisebureba aWarel afxazTa metyvelebaSi ar SegviniSnavs.

130

s i n t a q s is i n t a q s is i n t a q s is i n t a q s i

I saxeluri SesitKvebis I saxeluri SesitKvebis I saxeluri SesitKvebis I saxeluri SesitKvebis ((((atributuli sintagmisatributuli sintagmisatributuli sintagmisatributuli sintagmis) ) ) ) analizianalizianalizianalizi

zemoT aGiniSna, rom afxazurs brunebis sistema ar gaaCnia; Sesabamisad,

saxeluri SesitKvKebis (atributuli sintagmis) konstruqciac Taviseburadaa

asaxuli am enaSi.

konkretuli sakiTxis ganxilvisaTvis aucileblad migvaCnia nacvalsaxelis,

ricxviTi saxelisa da zedsarTavi saxelis cal-calke ganxilva da maTi ase

vTqvaT, `saqcielis~ gaTvaliswineba arsebiT saxelTan kombinaciaSi:

SesitKvebaSi Semaval komponentTa adgili, SeTanxmeba ricxvisa da klasis

mixedviT da sxv.

nacvalsaxelinacvalsaxelinacvalsaxelinacvalsaxeli

nacvalsaxels gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniyeba afxazur enaSi.

nacvalsaxelis meSveobiT gamoixateba afxazurSi e. w. saxelTa kuTvnilebiTi

kategoria.

rogorc zemoT aGvniSneT, afxazurSi ar aris naTesaobiTi brunva da

saerTod brunvebi. is, rac sxva enebSi gamoixateba naTesaobiT brunvaSi

dasmuli saxeliT (e. i. kuTvnileba) afxazurSi gamoixateba kuTvnilebiTi

Sinaarsis mqone prefiqsebiT, anu piris nacvalsaxelebidan momdinare

formantebiT.

131

klasovanklasovanklasovanklasovan----pirovani nacvalsaxeli dapirovani nacvalsaxeli dapirovani nacvalsaxeli dapirovani nacvalsaxeli da

kuTvnilebiTi nacvalskuTvnilebiTi nacvalskuTvnilebiTi nacvalskuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxelis Sinaarsis gamoxatvaaxelis Sinaarsis gamoxatvaaxelis Sinaarsis gamoxatvaaxelis Sinaarsis gamoxatva

mx. r.

I p. sara _ me _ s(ˆ) `me~

II p. …ara _ Sen (mk.) _ …(ˆ) `Sen~ (mk.)

bara _ Sen _ b(ˆ) `Sen~ (q.)

III p. �ara _ is (mk.) _ �(ˆ) ìs~ (mk.)

lara _ is (q.) _ l(ˆ) ìs~ (q.)

�ara _ is (n., arag.) _ a ìs (n., arag.)~

mr. r.

I p. hara _ h(a) `Cven~

II p. S◦ara _ S◦(ˆ) `Tqven~

III p. dara _ r(ˆ) ìsini~

Kvela klasovan-kpirovani nacvalsaxeli SeiZleba gamoKenebuli iKos ufro

martivi formiTac, ra-s gareSe sa `me~, …a `Sen~ (mk.), ba `Sen~ (q.), �a ìs~ (mk.

da arag.) la ìs~ (q.), ha `Cven~, S◦a `Tqven~, da ìsini~... da saxeoba iSviaTia.

mravlobiTi ricxvis hara `Cven~ da S◦ara `Tqven~ nacvalsaxelebis gverdiT

gamoiKeneba harT `Cven~ da S◦arT `Tqven~.

àfxazuri enis gramatikaSi~ (nawili damuSavebulia x. bGajbas mier)

miTiTebulia, rom hara-s aqvs inkluziuri mniSvneloba: mosaubre rTavs `Cven~-

Si msmenelsac, xolo eqskluziuri mniSvneloba, romelic msmenels

gamoricxavs, miiGeba piris hara `Cven~ nacvalsaxelze -T (har-T) sufiqsis

darTviT (Sdr. abaz. harabaraT `Cven Sen gareSe~. analogiuradi warmoeba

meore piris forma S◦ara `Tqven~, S◦ar-T (Sdr. abaz. S◦arabaraT `Tqven Cem

132

gareSe~ (gv. 35).

qarTuli `studentis xeli~ afxazurSi iqneba astudent �-napˆ...

qarTulis naTesaobiTi brunvis Sesabamisi sufiqsi mierTvis ara msazGvrels,

aramed sazGvruls prefiqsad:

qarT. qaliSvil-is xeli afxazuri: aZGab l-nap¥

Tu sitKvaSi maxvili modis zogadobis a- prefiqsze, maSin kuTvnilebiTi

prefiqsebi ˆ-Tia warmodgenili:

öla _ s¥la `Cemi Tvali~

alö _ sla `Cemi ZaGli~

mag. sara s-ab �-napˆ `mamaCemis xeli~

sara s-an l-Sapˆ `dedaCemis fexi~

…ara …-‚ˆza �-xˆ `Seni (mk.) amxanagis Tavi~

ase miiGeba klasovan-pirovan nacvalsaxelTagan kuTvnilebis Sinaarsis

mqone nacvalsaxeluri prefiqsebi afxazurSi.

afxazurSi damoukidebeli mniSvnelobis kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxelebis

uqonloba Canacvlebulia pir-klasis nacvalsaxelTagan momdinare e. w. `l~-s

rigis prefiqsebiT (ix. zemoT).

nacvalsaxeluri kuTvnilebiTi prefiqsebi emTxveva Sesabamis klasovan-

pirovan nacvalsaxelTa Tavkidur elementebs, garda ori SemTxvevisa:

mesame piris mxolobiTi ricxvis kuTvnilebiTi a- prefiqsi gansxvavdeba

nivTTa (aragonierTa) klasis mesame piris �ara ìs~ klasovan-pirovani

nacvalsaxelis �a- Zirisagan. es a- prefiqsi ikargeba sintagmidan, Tu

sazGvruli sitKvis win uSualod dgas am niSniT gadmosacemi msazGvreli.

KurdGebaa gamaxvilebuli àfxazuri enis gramatikaSi~ (gv. 34) agreTve

mravlobiTi ricxvis III piris kuTvnilebiT r- niSanze, romelic ar emTxveva

Sesabamisi dara ìsini~ nacvalsaxelis Tavkidura element d-s.

133

gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom dara ìsini~ unda momdinareobdes `rara~-

dan da disimilaciis safuZvelzea r- miGebuli. amis sailustraciod

moKvanilia �-d-raS◦o�t º �-r-raS◦o�t ìsini marglaven~.

amrigad pirveladi unda KofiliKo ara dara, armed rara (afx. enis

gramatika, gv. 34).

q. lomTaTiZe ki fiqrobs, rom III p.-is mr.-is niSani d- unda KofiliKo

istoriulad da ara r-. igi d- unda momdinareobdeso dara nacvalsaxelisagan

(lomTaTiZe, , ,).

amrigad saxelur sintagmaSi afxazurSi aseT SemTxvevebSi damatebiT

klasovan-pirovani nacvalsaxelic an mkuTvnelis aGmniSvneli sitKvac unda

iKos gamoKenebuli: la(ra) º afh◦ˆs lˆwkˆ KafS…p `misi º qalis kaba

wiTelia~... am dros nacvalsaxeli SeiZleba warmodgenili iKos rogorc

sruli, ise martivi saxiTac (gvancelaZe, 2003, 60).

afxazurSi kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxelis rolSi xSirad gvevlineba

kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxeluri prefiqsebiT gaformebuli a-t◦ˆ `kuTvnileba,

sakuTreba~ an a-xat◦ˆ `Tavisi, piradi~ fuZeebi, romelTa amosavali

mniSvneloba daCrdilulia.

sa(ra) s-t◦ˆ `Cemi kuTvnili~

…a(ra) …-t◦ˆ `Seni (mk.) kuTvnili~ da a. S.

134

CvenebiTi nacvalsaxeliCvenebiTi nacvalsaxeliCvenebiTi nacvalsaxeliCvenebiTi nacvalsaxeli

CvenebiTi nacvalsaxeli aGniSnavs mosaubresTan axlos an Sors mKofobas.

CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelic SeiZleba Segvxvdes sruli an Semoklebuli saxiT:

mosaubresTan axlos mKofi: abri º ari ès~, abarT º arT èseni~.

mosubresTan moSorebiT mKofi, xiluli: abni º ani èg, is~, abanT º anT

ègeni, isini~.

mosaubresTan Sors mKofi da ukve nacnobi: …bri º …� ìs, igi~, ubarT º

urT ìsini~.

CamoTvlili nacvalsaxelebi xSirad enacvleba III piris klasovan-pirovan

nacvalsaxelebs. SesitKvebaSi Kvela CvenebiTi nacvalsaxeli msazGvrelia d win

uZGvis sazGvruls. mag.: abri º ari a‚nˆ ès saxli~, abni º ani a‚nˆ èg saxli~,

ubri º …� a‚nˆ ìs saxli~, abarT º arT a‚nq◦a ès saxlebi~, abanT º anT a‚nq◦a

èg saxlebi~, ubarT º urT a‚nq◦a ìs saxlebi~ (gvancelaZe, 2003, 59).

kiTxviTi nacvalsaxeliskiTxviTi nacvalsaxeliskiTxviTi nacvalsaxeliskiTxviTi nacvalsaxelis

Sinaarsis gamoxatvaSinaarsis gamoxatvaSinaarsis gamoxatvaSinaarsis gamoxatva

damoukidebeli kiTxviTi nacvalsaxeli afxazurs ar gaaCnia. am

mnSvnelobiT afxazuri iKenebs ba Zirs, `d~-s rigis klasovan-pirovani

nacvalsaxeluri warmoSobis prefiqsebiT gaformebuls:

sarban sara? `me vin, romeli var?~

…arban …ara? ̀ Sen (mk.) vin, romeli xar?~

barban bara `Sen (q.) vin, romeli xar?~

�ara?

darban ìs (adam.) vin, romelia?~

lara?

135

�arban �ara ìs (n., arag.) ra, romelia?~

harban hara `Cven vin, romeli varT?~

S◦arban S◦ara ̀Tqven vin, romeli xarT?~

�arban dara ìsini vin, romeli arian?~

igive -ba Ziria kiTxviT sitKvaSi izban? `ratom~, `risTvis~, es Ziri

nawilakad CarTvis drosac gvxvdeba.

kiTxviT nacvalsaxelebSi diferencirebulia adamianisa da nivTis

(aragonierTa) kategoriebi, darban `vin?~ (adamiani) da �arban `ra?~ (nivTi,

aragon.).

`vin~ nacvalsaxelis mniSvnelobis gadmosacemad gamoiKeneba adamianis

klasis kiTxviTi -da < darban ìgi (adam.) romeli, vin (aris)?~ sufiqsiT

nawarmoebi formebi:

sara sˆzus(Ta)da? `me vin var?~

…ara …zus(Ta)da? `Sen (mk.) vin xar?~

bara bzus(Ta)da? `Sen (q.) vin xar? da a. S.

kiTxviT-kuTvnilebiTi `visi?~ nacvalsaxelis mniSvneloba afxazurSi

gadmoicema sakuTrebis aGmniSvnel t◦ˆ Zirze adamianis klasis kiTxviTi -da

sufiqsis darTviT:

sˆzt◦ˆda? `me visi var?~

…zt◦ˆda? `Sen (mk.) visi xar?~

bˆzt◦ˆda? `Sen (q.) visi xar?~ da a. S.

`vin?~ da `ra?~ nacvalsaxelTa mniSvnelobiT ixmareba agreTve damxmare

ak◦zaara `Kofna~ zmnis kiTxviTi kilos formebi:

sara szak◦ˆ(ze)�? `me vin, ra var?~

…ara …zak◦ˆ(ze)�? `Sen (mk.) vin, ra xar?~

bara bzak◦ˆ(ze)�? `Sen (q.) vin, ra xar?~ da a. S.

136

gansazGvrebiTi nacvalsaxeligansazGvrebiTi nacvalsaxeligansazGvrebiTi nacvalsaxeligansazGvrebiTi nacvalsaxeli

gansazGvrebiTi nacvalsaxelebia: a-xaTa `TviT, TviTon~, romelic icvleba

klasebisa da piris mixedviT

s-xaTa `me TviTon~

…-xaTa `Sen (mk.) TviTon~

b-xaTa `Sen (q.) TviTon~ da a. S.

dasu º dousˆ `Koveli~, zeg½ˆ `Kvela~, izzˆg½ˆ `Kvela~, aCá º daCá `sxva~,

eg½ˆ `sxva, meore~...

ganusazGvrelobiTi nacvalsaxeliganusazGvrelobiTi nacvalsaxeliganusazGvrelobiTi nacvalsaxeliganusazGvrelobiTi nacvalsaxeli

ganusazGvrelobiTi nacvalsaxelebia: akˆ `raGac, rame~ (aragonierTa

klasis ricxviT saxelTagan èrTi~ momdinare), aZ◦ˆ `viGac, vinme (gonierTa

klasis èrTi~ ricxviTi saxelisagan momdinare), akˆr `rame; ramdenime~, Z◦ˆr

`vinme, viGac, fˆTk `ramdenime~ (arag.) fˆT‚ˆk `ramdenime~ (adam.), Joukˆ º

Soukˆ `zogi, vinme~ (gvancelaZe, 2003, 61-63).

137

zedsarTavi saxelizedsarTavi saxelizedsarTavi saxelizedsarTavi saxeli

afxazur enaSi zedsarTavi saxeli metKvelebis nawilTa Soris

gamoKofilia rogorc semantikur-gramatikuli kategoria, romelsac arsebiTi

saxelis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebic aqvs. esenia zogadobis prefiqsi a-,

ganusazGvrelobis -k sufiqsi, mravlobiTobis -q◦a sufiqsi, gardaqceviTobis -s

sufiqsi...

mag.: a-KafS `wiTeli~ (zogadi forma)

KafS-k `romeliGac wiTeli (ganusazGvreli forma)

KafS-q◦a `wiTlebi~

KafS-s `wiTl(ad)~...

zedsarTavi saxeli aris viTarebiTiviTarebiTiviTarebiTiviTarebiTi da mimarTebiTimimarTebiTimimarTebiTimimarTebiTi. atributul

sintagmaSi viTarebiTi zedsarTaviT gamoxatuli msazGvreli mosdevs

sazGvruls: asˆ S´k◦ak◦a `Tovli TeTri~, aC´ˆ dˆ… `cxeni didi~ da sxv.

mravlobiT ricxvSi nivTTa (aragonierTa) kategoriaSi mravlobiTobis

-q◦a sufiqsiT formdeba msazGvreli: aC´ˆ dˆ… `didi cxeni~, aC´ dûq◦a `didi

cxenebi~.

adamianis klasSi (gonierTa kategoriaSi) ki adgili aqvs sxvaobas:

adamianTa kategoriis saxels mravlobiTSi eqneba Tavisi -c◦a sufiqsi, an

romelime sxva sufiqsi, mag.: krebiTobis -ra, -aa... xolo viTarebiTi

zedsarTaviT gamoxatul msazGvrels, romelic agreTve mosdevs sazGvruls,

Tavisi, nivTTa (aragonierTa) kategoriis -q◦a sufiqsi:

axac◦a dûq◦a `didi kacebi~, zedmiw.: `kacebi didebi~...

a‚ˆzc◦a bziaq◦a àmxanagebi kargebi~

ayk◦ˆnc◦a x◦ˆyq◦a `biyebi patarebi~...

afxazurSi viTarebiT zedsarTavs aqvs xarisxis formebic.

viTarebiT zedsarTav saxelTa SedarebiTi xarisxis forma iwarmoeba

138

aGweriT -a�ha `metad~, awkˆs ùfro, vidre~ damoukidebel sitKvaTa

kuTvnilebiTi formis damatebiT. aseT SemTxvevaSi zedsarTavi statikuri

zmnis daboloebas iGebs _ u� axawa e�ha �duup ìs kaci ufro didia~, ari

yk◦ˆn �ara �wk½ˆs �bzio…p ès biyi imaze ufro kargia~...

viTarebiT zedsarTav saxelTa aGmatebiTi xarisxis forma iwarmoeba

intensivobis -Za, -ZZa sufiqsebiT: adˆ… `didi~, du-ZZa ùdidesi~...

aGmatebiTi xarisxi aGweriTadac gamoixateba, amisaTvis gamoKenebulia

daara-Za_ `Zalian~, kˆrZa `bevrad~ sitKvebi, romlebic daerTvis statikuri

zmnis formis mqone viTarebiT zedsarTavs: daara �fSZo-…p `Zalze mSvenieria~

kˆrZa �bzio-…p `Zalian kargia~.

Tvisebis intensiurobis gamomxatvelia agreTve viTarebiT zedsarTav

saxelebs darTuli xmabaZviTi, fuZegaorkecebuli sitKva-sufiqsebi: -k◦ak◦ara, -

KaKara, -w◦aw◦ara, -hahara, -SSˆra..., romlebic SesaZloa -Za sufiqsiTac iKos

warmodgenili: afSZa-k◦ak◦ara `Zalian lamazi~, iKafS-KaKara-Za `Zalze wiTeli~...

viTarebiTi zedsarTavis odnaobiT xarisxs awarmoebs c◦ˆ- prefiqsi. a-c◦ˆ-

KafS `mowiTalo~, a-c◦ˆ-x◦a `monacrisfro~... (amasTan dakavSirebiT Cven mier

gamoTqmulia mosazreba c◦ˆ- prefiqsis warmomavlobis Sesaxeb. ix. Cveni ...).

mimarTebiTi zedsarTaviT gamoxatuli msazGvreli win uswrebs

sazGvruls. aseTi msazGvrel-sazGvruli substantiuri sintagmaa.

mimarTebiTi zedsarTavebi afxazurSi sxva saxelTa fuZidanac SeiZleba

iKos nawarmoebi. kuTvnilebiTobis -t◦ˆ º -t◦i sufiqsiT, romelic a-t◦ˆ

`sakuTreba~ sitKvidan momdinareobs: axah◦-t◦ˆ a‚nˆ `qvis saxli~, amy¾ˆt◦i g◦ara

`xis Gobe~, Tagalant◦i bˆG½ `Semodgomis foToli~...

139

ricxviTi saxeliricxviTi saxeliricxviTi saxeliricxviTi saxeli

afxazurSi ricxviTi saxeli aris raodenobiTi, rigobiTi, krebiTi,

miaxloebiTi, Jerobis, JufTobis...

raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxeli ganasxvavebs klas-kategorias. nivTis (ara-

gonierTa) klasis raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxelis fuZes, oridan moKolebuli,

erTvis -ba an misgan momdinare -fa sufiqsi, adamianis klasSi ki ba-s nacvlad

gvaqvs -‚ˆ, samidan moKolebuli, romelic a…a‚ˆ àdamiani~ sitKvidan

momdinared miaCnia q. lomTaTiZes. amasTan zogadobis a- prefiqsi ricxviT

saxels CamoSordeba. -‚ˆ sufiqss SesaZloa -k ganusazGvrelobis afiqsic

daerTos x-‚ˆ(k) `sami romeliGac adamiani~...da sxv.

mag.: akˆ èrTi~ aZ◦ˆ

‚-ba òri~ ‚ˆJa

x-fa `sami~ x-‚ˆ

fS-ba òTxi~ fS-‚ˆ

x◦-ba `xuTi~ (aragonieri, x◦-‚ˆ (gonieri,

†-ba èqvsi~ nivTi) †-‚ˆ adamiani)

bj-ba `Svidi~ bj-‚ˆ

aa-ba `rva~ aa-‚ˆ

j◦-ba `cxra~ j◦-‚ˆ

j◦a-ba àTi~ j◦a-‚ˆ

gansxvavebas qmnis: èrTi~ ricxviTi saxeli aragonierTa klasSi -akˆ,

adamianTa klasSi aZ◦ˆ.

òri~ aragonierTa klasSi ‚-ba, adamianTa klasSi Jˆ-Ja; ricxvi orsave

SemTxvevaSi aris ‚ òri~, -ba aragonierTa (nivTis), xolo Ja adamianTa klasis

niSania.

x-fa-s fa miGebulia ba-sagan b-s f-d daKruebis Sedegad x-s momdevno

poziciaSi.

TerTmetidan moKolebuli raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxelebi ixmareba

140

nivTis (aragonierTa) kategoriis -ba sufiqsebis gareSe, adamianis (gonierTa)

klasisaTvis ki -‚ˆ SenarCunebulia.

TerTmetidan ricxviTi saxeli miiGeba ase: j◦a àTi~, romelsac erTvis an

kavSiriT -�, an ukavSirod erTeulisave (aTamde) ricxviTi saxelis Ziri -ba-s

gareSe.

aragonierTa nivTTa klasiaragonierTa nivTTa klasiaragonierTa nivTTa klasiaragonierTa nivTTa klasi gonierTagonierTagonierTagonierTa, , , , adamianis klasiadamianis klasiadamianis klasiadamianis klasi

j◦a-�-za > j◦e�za `TerTmeti~ j◦e-�-za-‚ˆ(-k)

j◦a-‚a `Tormeti~ j◦a-‚a-‚ˆ(-k)

j◦a-xa `cameti~ j◦a-xa-‚ˆ(-k)

j◦-i-fS `ToTxmeti~ j◦-�-fS-‚ˆ(-k)

j◦o-x◦ `TxuTmeti~ j◦o-x◦-‚ˆ(-k)

j◦a-† `Teqvsmeti~ j◦a-†-‚ˆ(-k)

j◦-i-bj `Cvidmeti~ j◦-i-bj-‚ˆ(-k)

j◦-aa `Tvrameti~ j◦-aa-‚ˆ(-k)

ze-�-j◦ `cxrameti~ ze-�-j◦-‚ˆ(-k)

ocis Semdgom òcdacxrametis~ CaTvliT ricxviTi saxelebi iwarmoeba

Semdegnairad: aGebulia òcis~ aGmniSvneli ‚aj◦a fuZe da emateba ricxviTi

saxelebi èrTidan~ `cxrametamde~. SuaSi CaerTvis � kavSiri, romelic iwvevs

a� > e� cvlilebas nawilobrivi asimilaciiT da miiGeba:

aragonierTaaragonierTaaragonierTaaragonierTa, , , , nivTTa klanivTTa klanivTTa klanivTTa klasisisisi

‚aj◦(e)� akˆ òcdaerTi~

‚aj◦(e)� ‚ba òcdaori~

‚aj◦(e)� xfa òcdasami~

‚aj◦(e)� fSba òcdaoTxi~

141

‚aj◦(e)� x◦ba òcdaxuTi~

‚aj◦(e)� †ba òcdeqvsi~

‚aj◦(e)� bjba òcdaSvidi~

‚aj◦(e)� aaba òcdarva~

‚aj◦(e)� j◦ba òcdacxra~

‚aj◦(e)� j◦aba òcdaaTi~

‚aj◦(e)� j◦e�za òcdaTerTmeti~

‚aj◦(e)� j◦a‚a òcdaTormeti~

‚aj◦(e)� j◦axa òcdacameti~

‚aj◦(e)� j◦ifS òcdaToTxmeti~

‚aj◦(e)� j◦ox◦ òcdaTxuTmeti~ da a. S.

gonierTagonierTagonierTagonierTa, , , , adamianis klasiadamianis klasiadamianis klasiadamianis klasi

‚aj◦(e)� aZ◦ˆ òcdaerTi~

‚aj◦(e)� ‚aj◦(e)� ‚ˆJa òcdaori~

‚aj◦(e)� x‚ˆ(-k) òcdasami~

‚aj◦(e)� fS‚ˆ(-k) òcdaoTxi~

‚aj◦(e)� x◦‚ˆ(-k) òcdaxuTi~

oceulTa saxelebis warmoeba Semdegnairia: òrmocs~ aGniSnavs ‚ˆ-n-‚aj◦a

ricxviTi saxeli (aragonierTa, nivTTa klasi) an ‚ˆ-n-‚aj◦a-‚ˆ(k) (gonierTa,

adamianTa klasi), `samocs~ aGniSnavs xˆ-n-‚aj◦a, òTxmocs~ fSˆ-n-‚aj◦a... da a. S.

anu sitKvasitKviT: òrJer oci~, òTxJer oci~ da sxv. -n Tanxmovani aGniSnavs

Jerobas.

aseulebs afxazurSi aseTi warmoeba aqvs: S◦kˆ `100~ S◦�akˆ àserTi~, ‚ˆS◦

òrasi~, xˆS◦ `samasi~, j◦S◦ `cxraasi~ da misT.

zˆq½ˆ àTasi~, zˆq½ˆ‚ˆ(k) àTasi adamiani~ (gonierTa, adamianTa klasi)

aTaseulebs Soris Tvla iseve grZeldeba, rogorc aseulebs Soris.

142

rigobiTirigobiTirigobiTirigobiTi ricxviTi saxeli raodenobiT ricxviT saxelze a- prefiqsis da

daniSnulebis -t◦i sufiqsis darTviT miiGeba. a-‚ba-t◦a `meore~, a-xfa-t◦i

`mesame~ da a.S.

rigobiT ricxviT saxelebSi gamoiKeneba -ba sufiqsiani raodenobiTi

ricxiTi saxeli.

pirvelisaTvis gamoiKeneba afx½a `win, wina~ zmnisarTi, romelsac

daniSnulebis -t◦i sufiqsi daerTvis: afx½a-t◦i `pirveli~, an r-afx½a-t◦i

`maTgan upirvelesi~, sadac r- III piris mravlobiTobis niSania. zedmiwevniT:

`maTgan upirvelesi~...

wilobiTiwilobiTiwilobiTiwilobiTi ricxviTi saxeli aGweriTad gadmoicema: ‚ˆJara �Sanˆ x◦Tak

èrTi meoredi~, zedmiw.: òrgan gaKofili erTi nawili~ da sxv.

Tu wiladis mricxveli èrTia~, maSin mniSvnelis rolSi mKof

raodenobiT ricxviT saxels erTvis r-ak `maTgan erTi, erTi maTgani~ xfa-r-ak

èrTi mesamedi~, fSba-r-ak èrTi meoTxedi~... `naxevars~ aGniSnavs sitKva abja:

aw◦a abja `vaSlis naxevari~

krebiTikrebiTikrebiTikrebiTi ricxviTi saxeli iwarmoeba raodenobiT saxelze a- prefiqsis

darTviT a-x◦ba `xuTive~, a-j◦aba àTive~. aseve a- prefiqsisa da -g½ˆ `c~

nawilakis darTviT: a-x◦ba-g½ˆ `xuTive~, a-j◦ba-g½ˆ àTive~...

miaxloebiTimiaxloebiTimiaxloebiTimiaxloebiTi ricxviTi saxeli miiGeba raodenobiT ricxviT saxelze

aKaria `toli, odeni~ sitKvisagan momdinare -Ka sufiqsis darTviT: ‚ba-Ka

òriode ram~, ‚ˆJa-Ka òriode vinme~; an CamoTvliT: ‚ba-xfa òri-sami rame~,

‚ˆJa-x‚ˆk òri-sami vinme~.

JerobisJerobisJerobisJerobis ricxviTi saxeli raodenobiT ricxviT saxelze rTuli -n-t◦

sufiqsis darTviT iwarmoeba, romelSic -n Jerobis sufiqsia, -t◦ ki

daniSnulebis: ‚ˆ-n-t◦ òrJer~, xˆ-n-t◦ `samJer~ da a. S.

èrTi~ ricxviTi saxelisagan Jerobis ricxviTis misaGebad za èrTi

ricxviTi saxelis z elements erTvis -nˆ-k sufiqsebi da viGebT z-nˆ-k

143

èrTxel~ Sinaarss.

JJJJufTobisufTobisufTobisufTobis saxelebi iwarmoeba fuZis gaorkecebiT: ak-aka `TiTo-TiTo

rame~, ‚ba-‚ba òr-ori ram~, ‚ˆJa-‚ˆJa òr-ori vinme~, akakala `TiTo-TiTod~

(aragon, nivTis Sesaxeb) aZ◦aZ◦ala `TiTo-TiTod~ (gonieris, adamianis Sesaxeb) -

ala sufiqsi instrumentalisis mawarmoebelia.

ricxviTi saxeli sricxviTi saxeli sricxviTi saxeli sricxviTi saxeli sintagmaSiintagmaSiintagmaSiintagmaSi

nivTis kategoriis ricxviTi saxeli Cveulebriv win uZGvis sazGvruls.

èrTi~ ricxviTi saxeli gamonaklisia. igi, rogorc zemoT iTqva,

ganusazGvrelobis niSnad -k sufiqsis saxiT erTvis saxels.

ricxviTi saxeli msazGvrelis rolSi adamianis, gonierTa da nivTis,

aragonierTa klass ar ganarCevs.

oridan moKolebuli, arsebiT saxels nivTTa kategoriaSi msazGvrelad

win mierTvis ricxviTi saxelis Ziri:

‚ˆC´ˆk òri romeliGac cxeni~

x◦C´ˆk `xuTi romeliGac cxeni~...

qeTevan lomTaTiZe varaudobs, rom adamianis (gonierTa) klasSic igive

viTareba unda KofiliKo istoriulad, magram amjamad Secvlili Canso. oridan

moKolebuli saxeli Tavisi fuZiT win uZGvis sazGvruls da adamianTa,

gonierTa klasis sufiqssac inarCunebs:

‚ˆJa xac◦a òri kac(eb)i~

ricxviT saxelTa msazGvrelad gamoKenebisas SesaZlebelia Sebrunebuli

(postpoziciuri) wKobac: sazGvruls mosdevs msazGvrelad ricxviTi saxeli.

aseT SemTxvevaSi adamianTa (gonierTa) da nivTTa (aragonierTa) ricxviT

saxelTan erTad sazGvruli arsebiTi saxeli sintagmaSi zogadi formiTaa

warmodgenili, xolo msazGvreli ricxviTi saxeli, mTlianad, fuZis saxiT.

mag.: axac◦a x‚ˆ `kacebi sami~

144

aC´q◦a xfa `cxenebi sami~

Sebrunebuli wKoba ufro gavrcelebulia adamianTa (gonierTa) klasSi.

mag.: sara s‚ˆzc◦a ‚ˆJa `Cemi amxanagebi ori(ad)~

aGsaniSnavia, rom (nivTTa, aragonierTa) kategoriis ricxviT saxels

postpoziciur wKobaSi miaxloebiTi Sinaarsic axlavs.

mag.: aC´q◦a ‚ba `cxenebi oriode~

145

baTumel afxazTa metKvelebisaTvisbaTumel afxazTa metKvelebisaTvisbaTumel afxazTa metKvelebisaTvisbaTumel afxazTa metKvelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli TaviseburebanidamaxasiaTebeli TaviseburebanidamaxasiaTebeli TaviseburebanidamaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebani

saxeluri SesitKvebis warmoebisassaxeluri SesitKvebis warmoebisassaxeluri SesitKvebis warmoebisassaxeluri SesitKvebis warmoebisas

1111. . . . pirpirpirpir----klasisa da kuTvnilebis nacklasisa da kuTvnilebis nacklasisa da kuTvnilebis nacklasisa da kuTvnilebis nacvalsaxelebivalsaxelebivalsaxelebivalsaxelebi

danarCen afxazur dialeqtTa msgavsad pir-klasisa da kuTvnilebiT

nacvalsaxelebs aqvT sruli da mokle formebi. S◦ara `Tqven~, hara `Cven~

paralelurad aq gamoiKeneba maTi mokle variantebi, miTiTebiTi elferis

mqone. S◦arT `Tqven [eseni]~ harT `Cven [eseni]~.

feriel afxazTa metKvelebaSi e. kilbas dadasturebuli aqvs

reducirebuli saxeobebi aGniSnuli navalsaxelebisa.

sara º sar `me~

…ara º …ar `Sen~ (mk.)

bara º bar `Sen~ (q.)

�ara º �ar ìs~ (mk.)

lara º lar ìs~ (q.)

hara º har `Cven~

S◦ara º S◦ar `Tqven~

dara º dar ìsini~

mag.: …ar …aa�t, axara …ahTaa�t `Sen (mk.) moxvedi, gvinaxule Cven,

Soridan~

har ha…aa aSTax½ �aa�t `Cveni xalxi gvian movida~.

2222.... CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi

arT èseni~, anT ìsini~, abri ès~ nacvalsaxelTa gverdiT feriel

afxazTa metKvelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia xsenebul nacvalsaxelTa

srulxmovniani variantebic:

146

anaT º anT �gˆlanˆ ìsini dganan ra~

araT º arT ayárac◦a ès axalgazrdebi~

nacvalsaxelTa aseTi srulxmovnoba axasiaTebs abazur dialeqtebs.

afxazur dialeqtebSi ki aseTi formebi ar gvxvdeba.

sagaremoebo zmnisarTi as àse~ ferielTa metKvelebaSi gvxvdeba aras,

arasa formiT, iseve, rogorc es aSxarulSia:

�S¾ˆKo… arasa akuˆ…p `saqme asea~

aras, aras àse, ase~

CvenebiTi arT, ubarT gvxvdeba sonoris gareSec. aT < arT, ubaT <

ubarT ìsini~; iseve rogorc es aSxarulSia:

nas aT fS‚ˆk Kale�t `mere isini oTxni gaxdnen~

ubaT aj◦lar rafx½a �gˆlo `[isini] xalxi win mdgomi~

3333. . . . gansazGvrebiTi nacvalsaxeligansazGvrebiTi nacvalsaxeligansazGvrebiTi nacvalsaxeligansazGvrebiTi nacvalsaxeli

�ˆzzaga, �ˆzaga, �ˆzzag½ˆ `Koveli, Kvela, mTlianad~ ixmareba danarCeni

dialeqtebis rˆzzag½ (zegˆ, rˆzzag½ˆ, zeg½, rˆzzag½ `Koveli, Kvela, mTlianad~

nacvlad, iseve rogorc es aSxarulSia, tapanTurSi es forma ar gvxvdeba:

�ˆzag½ˆ �Tabup ha �arh◦e�t` Kvelam uTxra madloba~

�ˆzzagaˆ �e�lˆlkaa…e�t ìs (q.) Kvelafers arkvevs~

habdûc◦e� handûc◦e� �ˆzzag½ˆ rdar…an `Cvens babuebs da bebiebs

Kvelaferi gaegebodaT~...

147

4444. . . . ganusazGvrelobiTi nacvalsaxeliganusazGvrelobiTi nacvalsaxeliganusazGvrelobiTi nacvalsaxeliganusazGvrelobiTi nacvalsaxeli

baTumel afxazTa metKvelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia akˆ

ganusazGvrelobis nacvalsaxelis mravlobiTi ricxvis niSanTan -q◦a-sTan erTad

xmareba da -k ganusazGvrelobis nawilakis darTva. viGebT akq◦a (akq◦ak)

formas.

mag.: akq◦ak rˆrTe�t `raGac maT misces maT~

akq◦ak c◦ˆraage�t `raGac Cven gamovfineT~

baTˆm �aa�gˆ�t akq◦a, axa �zakuˆz sg◦alaS◦om

`man raGac Camoitana baTumSi, magram ar maxsovs ra~...

rogorc Cans zemoT CamoTvlili magaliTebidan akq◦a (akq◦ak) anacvlebs -

q◦a formants afxazur zmnaSi. -q◦a formantis mraval mniSvnelobaTagan akq◦ak-s

Seaqvs ganusazGvrelobisa da moqmedebis arasrulobis elferi zmnaSi.

akq◦a/akq◦ak formaTa gamoKeneba -q◦a sufiqsis nacvlad zmnaSi, aris kidev

erTi faqti zmnur formaTa gantvirTvisa baTumel afxazTa metKvelebaSi.

(kilba, 1983, 40-44).

ricxviTi saxeliricxviTi saxeliricxviTi saxeliricxviTi saxeli

ricxviTi saxelis warmoebis principi baTumel afxazTa metKvelebaSi

iseTivea, rogoric danarCen afxazur dialeqtebSi. amasTan, e. kilbas

daudasturebia ricxviT saxelTa zogi Taviseburi formac:

1. feriul metKvelebaSi Cveulebriv ricxviT saxelur formaTa gverdiT

gvxvdeba i kavSiris xmarebis SemTxvevebi rTuli ricxviTi saxelis Semadgenel

Kvela komponentTan.

angisuri metKveleba ki, rogorc sxva danarCeni afxazuri dialeqtebi, i

kavSirs inarCunebs rTuli ricxviTi saxeli mxolod pirvel komponentTan.

Sdr.: feriuli xanˆ�j◦ˆ� †bî (sitKvasitKviT: samoci(da) eqvsi(da), angisuri

148

xane�j◦e� †ba; feriuli _ S◦ˆ� �aj◦ˆ� j◦abˆ� (sitKvasitKviT asi(da) oci(da)

aTi(da)~; angisuri S◦ˆ� �aj◦ˆ� j◦aba...

amis garda feriulSi gvxvdeba rTuli ricxviTi saxelebi �aj◦a j◦aba

tipisa, Kovelgvari makavSirebeli i-s gareSec: �aj◦a j◦aba maaT ro…p �sˆ�Taz

`man momca me mxolod ocdaaTi maneTi~.

amrigad, feriulSi erTdroulad gvxvdeba rTul ricxviT saxelTa

Sedgenis sami saSualeba: a) i kavSiris Kvela komponentTan SenarCuneba:

�aj◦e�‚be�;

b) i kavSiris mxolod pirvel komponentTan xmareba: �aj◦e� ‚ba

g) i kavSiris gareSe warmoeba: �aj◦a j◦aba.

2. ferieli afxazebi àTas~ ricxviT saxels awarmoeben -kˆ sufiqsiT:

zeq½kˆ (zeq½kˆ, zaq½kˆ), àsi~ ricxviTi S◦kˆ-s analogiiT. es faqti uslars

axsnili aqvs imiT, rom aseulebi afxazs warmoudgenia erTeulebad da amitom

erTviso -kˆ. igive viTarebaa aTasebTan mimarTebaSic.

3. specialur literaturaSi aGniSnulia, rom rigobiTi ricxviTi

saxelebi iwarmoeba raodenobiT ricxviT saxelTagan a- prefiqsis darTviT,

romelic warmoSobiT nivTTa kategoriis afiqia. afxazurSi es arqauli

warmoeba adamianTa klasis ricxviTi saxelebisaTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli, xolo

nivTTa klasis ricxviTi saxelebi iKeneben kuTvnilebis -t◦-i sufiqssac: a‚ˆJa

`meore~ (ad.), a‚bat◦i `meore~ (n.)

baTumel afxazTa metKvelebaSi ki es arqauli a- prefiqsiani forma

SenarCunebulia orsave SemTxvevaSi: adamianis da nivTis klasis ricxviT

saxelebSi:

mag.: axfa �guˆbjˆnac◦ala dawxˆ�t `man daumizna mesame, Sua TiTiT~,

sˆyk◦ˆn afS‚ˆ �Có…p …ˆ� ès cxeni Cemi meoTxe vajisaa~

4. angisel afxazTa metKvelebaSi (50-60 wlis informatorebTan)

dafiqsirebulia rigobiT ricxviT saxelTa Taviseburi warmoeba, rodesac

149

kuTvnilebiTi -t◦-i ar daerTvis raodenobiT ricxviT saxels uSualod

(rogorc es danarCen dialeqtebSia), aramed gaformebulia calkeuli sitKvis

saxiT pir-klasis III piris mxolobiTi da mravlobiTi ricxvisa (rogorc

adamianis, ise nivTis klasSi): akˆ -atˆ `pirveli~ (ad., n.) (Sdr.: afx. akt◦i

`pirveli~).

mag.: a‚ba º a‚ba r-tˆ `meore~ (ad., n.) (Sdr.: afx.: a‚bat◦i)

axfa º xfa r-tˆ `mesame~ (ad., n.) (Sdr.: afx.: axfat◦i)

aj◦ba º j◦b r-tˆ `mecxre~ (ad., n.) (Sdr.: afx.: aj◦bat◦i)

5. baTumel afxazTa metKvelebaSi gvxvdeba atributul ricxviT saxelTa

formebi: bjba acaq◦a gˆlan (Sdr.: bjcak gˆlan, an acaq◦a bjba gˆlan `Svidi

beGeli idga~ anu afxazurisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli postpoziciuri wKoba

atributuli sintagmisa, Secvlilia prepoziciuriT, rac SesaZloa qarTuli

enis gavleniT aixsnas.

150

s i nt a q s is i nt a q s is i nt a q s is i nt a q s i I I

predikatuli sintagmapredikatuli sintagmapredikatuli sintagmapredikatuli sintagma

afxazur enaSi winadadebis wevrebi erTmaneTs ukavSirdebian garkveuli

wesiT da iqmneba SesitKvebani anu wKvilebi, romelTa Soris erTi mTavaria,

meore masze damokidebuli.

afxazuri SesitKvebis wevrTa Soris aris sintaqsuri urTierTobis

Semdegi saxeobebi: SeTanxmebaSeTanxmebaSeTanxmebaSeTanxmeba, mirTvamirTvamirTvamirTva, sitKvaTasitKvaTasitKvaTasitKvaTa rigirigirigirigi. afxazurisaTvis marTva

da koordinacia araa damaxasiaTebeli.

SeTanxmebaSeTanxmebaSeTanxmebaSeTanxmeba xdeba saxelebs Soris, an saxelsa da zmnas Soris klasSi,

pirsa da ricxvSi. Sesabamisad aris SeTanxmebis ori saxeoba: 1. saxeli

iTanxmebs zmnas klasSi da aCens masSi saTanado gramatikuli klasis niSans:

`…ara …-xºmar…e�t `Sen (m.) TamaSob~, bara bˆ-xºmar…e�t `Sen (q.) TamaSob~ da

a. S.

2. saxeli iTanxmebs zmnas ricxvSi, Tu saxeli subieqtia an obieqti: sara

sco�t `me movdivar~, hara hco�t `Cven mivdivarT~ da a. S.

mirTvamirTvamirTvamirTva afxazurisaTvis metad gavrcelebuli sintaqsuri urTierTobis

saxeobaa. misi produqtiuloba gamowveulia brunebis sistemis uqonlobiT am

enaSi.

mirTvisas sintagmis wevrebs morfologiurad gamoxatuli gramatikuli

kategoriebi ar axasiaTebs.

erTmaneTs mierTvis: a) zmna da afiqsiani saxeli: Sapˆ-la daa�t `fexiT

movida~

b) zmna da uafiqso sitKva: gagra dce�t `gagraSi

wavida~

g) nasaxelari infinituri statikuri zmna da

uafiqso sitKva zˆnZa �xº̂ yup `Zalian pataraa~...

151

sitKvaTa rigisitKvaTa rigisitKvaTa rigisitKvaTa rigi afxazur SesitKvebaSi am enis gramatikuli struqturis

Taviseburebis gamo xSirad morfologiur-sintiaqsur funqcias asrulebs.

sitKvaTa rigi mKaria, iSviaTad _ SedarebiT Tavisufali. sitKvaTa rigis

sakiTxi atributul sintagmaSi ganxiluli gvaqvs zemoT, aq mxolod

predikatuli sintagmis sitKvaTa rigs SevexebiT.

winadadebaSi realuri subieqtis aGmniSvneli sitKva Cveulebriv pirvel

adgilas dgas, mas mosdevs iribi da pirdapiri obieqtis aGmniSvneli sitKvebi,

maSin rodesac zmnaSi SeiZleba saTanado klasovan-pirovani prefiqsebi imave an

Sebrunebuli wKobiT iKos warmodgenili:

erTpirian zmnasTan: S

↓

S

↓

axº̂ y´ˆ d-wº̂ …o�t `bavSvi tiris~

orpirian zmnasTan: S

↓

O Oir S

↓ ↓ ↓

kama aSºKº̂ i-lˆ-mo…p `kamas wigni aqvs~

sampirian zmnasTan S

↓

Oir Op OpOirS

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

andu adgº̂ r awºa �-�- l-Te�t `bebiam adgurs vaSli

misca~

(gvancelaZe 2003: 118-122).

Tu winadadebaSi aris gardauvali zmna, maSin qvemdebarisa da damatebis

ganlageba emTxveva zmnaSi saTanado afiqsTa ganawilebas, e. i. Jer dgas

subieqti (qvemdebare), Semdeg ki iribi obieqti (iribi damateba).

magaliTad: aykº̂ n sara d-sˆ-c-up

biyi me maxlavs

gardamavali zmnis Semcvel winadadebaSi pirvel adgilas subieqtis

(qvemdebaris) aGmniSvneli saxeli dgas, xolo Semdeg obieqtebisa (sampirian

152

zmnasTan Jer pirdapiri obieqtis saxeli dgas, Semdeg iribi obieqtisa, xolo

zmnis win _ subieqtisa), e. i. saxelTa ganlageba sapirispiroa zmnur formaTa

saTanado afiqsebis ganawilebisa.

magaliTad:

orpiriani _ alxas fhº̂ s d-aa-�-ge�t

àlxasma coli moiKvana~

sampiriani _ sara sˆfha ak �-l-a-shºe�t

`me Cems asuls raGac vuTxari~

Tu zmnaSi pirvel adgilas dgas mxolobiTi ricxvis III piris d-s rigis

aragonierTa klasis �(ˆ) _ prefiqsi an mravlobiTi ricxvis III piris �(ˆ) _

prefiqsi da Sesabamisi saxelic uSualod win uZGvis zmnas, maSin zmnur

formas �(ˆ) niSani CamoSordeba.

gardauvali: axº̂ yqºa (�ˆ) xºmar…e�t `bavSvebi TamaSoben~

gardamavali: sara awºa (�)-s-†e-�t `me vaSli Sevyame~ (gvancelaZe 2003: 73).

baTumel afxazTa metKvelebas predikatuli sintagmis TvalsazrisiT

raime gamokveTili Taviseburebani ar axasiaTebs.

153

te q ste b ite q ste b ite q ste b ite q ste b i

b aTu m el b aTu m el b aTu m el b aTu m el (((( a y arela y arela y arela y arel ) ) ) ) af x azT a m et K v ele b aaf x azT a m et K v ele b aaf x azT a m et K v ele b aaf x azT a m et K v ele b a

1) sarö �axa½ö aS´ˆJ SáanZa

sCgaa�b¥sTan saS¡� söh◦Sei ha�cn¥

öK◦aKa hce�ɴt. am‚an avt£bus högxe�t,

axö zeg½¥ ak£p hamanS◦a _ alaxön

hc¡�t, hne�t harö hamamidaly´¥,

öfsS◦a bah◦e�t, krah†¡�t hat◦an¥

höc◦aaj◦on. S◦arö S◦¥Zbax◦ dazwaauan

hamim¢da, f¥Trak öSTax½ hafs¥

anöhSa Capisare� x◦öx◦ˆTra aq½aiaq½

öSKa hc¡�t. öSTax½ sarö sC´ö

q◦sˆrS◦an a‚ˆnˆKa a‚ˆnˆKa sfuq◦larc

syáasxe�t. am‚an lare� sar¡�

hane�f¥rw öSTax½ avt£bus s¥nTölan

sylo¤Ka syáasx¡�t. sax½öaz a‚en¥

öj◦abj rösh◦e�t a‚enˆ.

me diliT adre avdeqi, Cavicvi, Cems

dasTan da ZmasTan erTad wavediT

soxumSi. gzaze avtobusze dagvagvian-

da, magram rac ar unda iKos kargad

(advilad) mivediT. mivediT Cvens

mamidasTan-mivesalmeT, vyameT da

(daJdomiT) vilaparakeT. Tqveni ambavi

gvkiTxa mamidaCvenma. cota xnis Semdeg

roca davisveneT, me da Capi qalaqSi

saKidlebze wavediT. Semdeg me

movemzade da saxlidan gamovedi,

(gamovemarTe). gzaze me da igi dav-

cildiT da Semdeg avtobusSi CavJeqi

da ylouSi gamovemarTe movedi ra

saxlSi axali ambebi movuKevi (saxlSi).

2) öj◦ b£ra iTcan¥

(akray´örwo�t) ax◦¥ örTo�t. nös

önˆga ala irx½o�t, öxS´ a‚ˆn¥ �öagan

kastr¤lka iTaT◦anˆ iad¥riS◦ue�t

öj◦ ianˆrxö½elaka öSTax½ ah◦¥s

awacan¥ ad◦ax½¥ ir¥ST◦�kt h◦rö.

Zroxis movlaZroxis movlaZroxis movlaZroxis movla

Zroxa(s) bagidan gamogdebiT aZleven

saymels, (saymels aZleven). Semdeg

vedroTi wvelian (ax½ara). rZes saxlSi

motaniT qvabSi CasxmiT, aduGebiT

(arSgra) Zroxas mowvelis Semdeg

xbosTan erTad agdeben gareT

154

xumbˆC´xönZa öj◦ ad◦¥ iq◦up. azxarö

xumbeˆy´xönZa öj◦ ad◦¥ ¢q◦up. azxarö

ana†alak½ nas e�Töx öxS´ rac◦an¥

a�aöue�t. a‚ˆn¥ inTöhcalalak½

öSTax½ e�Tö akrayáwan¥ ah◦¥s

�öwawan �ɴahTo�t. inahölak½ öSTax½

x◦ˆy¥k ah◦¥s ¤a, �aöwoup. ah◦ˆs,

x◦ˆy¥k öxS´ anöj◦laka aTrax½aTrax½aTrax½aTrax½¥¥¥¥

inöganˆ, iTöhk◦e�t, öj◦g½ˆ, aTrax½¥

xaz¥ iTöhkue�t, S´ˆjemTanZa ubra

iTökup. öfxˆn öj◦ ¤axˆnla iTahkZon

öSTe� ¢q◦up h◦¤e�t.

sabalaxod. saGamomde Zroxa gareT

aris. roca is Zovs (a†ara) Semdeg

ufro mets mogvcems (ausa). saxlSi

movrekavT Semdeg (aTacalara) isev

vaymevT, xbos qveS vaZlevT. Semdeg

mowvelisa cota xboc wovs (mis qveS

aris). xbo cotas roca dalevs (aj◦ra)

rZes, xbos miviKvanT Tavis adgilas,

(aTakra) Zroxasac Tavis adgilas

calke miviKvanT, dilamde iq aris

Caketili (daxurul adgilSi)

zafxulSi Zroxas ar vketavT arc

saGamos arc dilas, igi Zovs gareT.

öxS´ haraZ£�t amfx½a

akastrulkay´¥ ubrö �öhTo�t öca.

fˆTrak öSTax½ axarw◦ˆ, ¡�fS´ ¢Sń¥

ian¥Kals amcay´ˆ inaq◦¥rgelan

¢urfxo�t. nas ¡s min¤T

e�lar‚¥ntlat◦£up x◦ˆy x◦ˆy¥

unapala eizg£. eineizugalak½

öSTax½ izZöuzZaaxnˆ atatatat◦¥¥¥¥fs fs fs fs

¢anöhwo�t. f¡Trak öSTax½ mˆS´k¥

aSTax½ öS◦ ixahx¥z �rsˆn¥ iföhKo�t.

asaan inwan¥ aJ¡ka x¥S´ aq◦¥fsń

�aanhöj◦e�t. uöanZa, izZöaxˆz öS◦,

öxˆz hörS◦ˆ�t. aS◦ �xahxˆz ubr¢

nögan iZöahZo�t. x◦ˆy¥k

rZes vatarebT sacerSi Jer da

Semdeg qvabSi vdebT, CavasxamT kveTs

(Zroxis gamxmari kuyi) cota xnis

Semdeg rZe rom ise gakeTdeba,

rogorc mawoni cecxlze SevdgamT rom

gaTbes Semdeg xSir-xSirad vurevT

(aTlar‚¥nts) cot-cotas xeliT

vagrovebT. roca movagrovebT, Tavs

vacliT davdebT Tasze (anwara). cota

xnis Semdeg Kvels vyriT patara

nayrebad. TefSze dadebiT marils

movaKriT da davtovebT manamde, rac

aviGeT Kvelidan Srats vaqcevT.

(arS◦ra) Kvels rom movxdiT, im

155

�aanöidaSlak½ mhaw◦la eizgan¥

eidöhkelo�t. nap¡la �aaz¥h◦hanˆ

ˆg½ˆjZö asöan ¤£h◦k öKara ig¥jZa

eiq◦ˆryń¥ iKahZo�t.

wKalSi vdebT Sig vdebT cota rom

wamoduGdeba kovziT movagrovebT

(a�dkalara). xeliT movagrovebT

mrgvalad mrgval TefSze isev

movagrovebT da mrgvalad erTad

moyKletiT vakeTebT.

öS◦ �ax½öS◦alaz öxˆz ibzian¥

e�laharS◦¥�t e�we� lahörS´la½

öSTax½, ibziönˆ axöya alw◦ˆ�t. ubr¢

axöya ihraZ£�t ööööraZagay´ raZagay´ raZagay´ raZagay´ al¤x◦da,

ik¡lxnˆ.

Kvelisgan rac darCa Srati kargad

avaduGebT. vaduGebT (arS´ra) kargi

xayo gamodis. am xayos vatarebT

sacerSi. (orJer weria).

öxS´ hörSú�t ibz¢anˆ. nös

f¥Trak öSTax½ iK◦öndaxaanZa us

¢q◦gˆloup. öxS´ f¥Trak öSTax½

axarw◦¥rw◦ˆga mhöw◦k öKara

inölaT◦an e�ɴkar‚ˆntnˆ ax‚ö öhTo�t.

akastrulkay´ mana abankay´ ubr¢

zTöhT◦az iTahh◦an¥ ampaxSö ök◦ˆrSan

x◦ˆy¡k ix½¥fxaro inöegan

in¥q◦hargelo�t. ‚ebö-xfö söaT

r¥STax½ axarw◦ˆ w◦¥�t.

rZe movaduGebT kargad (arS´ra)

Semdeg cota xnisa, vidre ar (vidre

bila) ase vaCerebT rZes cota xnis

Semdeg vumatebT mawvnis dedas erT

kovzs daaxloebiT CavdebT movurevT

Tavs vaxuravT. am qvabs romelSic es

CavdeT kargad vaxvevT pirsaxociT

SemovaxvevT cotaTi Tbil adgilas

davdgamT. ori-sami saaTis Semdeg

miviGebT mawons.

3) ööööfSfSfSfS´ ´ ´ ´ SSSS ´́́́aadraadraadraadr¥¥¥¥xxxx◦aaaa rogor zrdian simindsrogor zrdian simindsrogor zrdian simindsrogor zrdian siminds

ma¢ mzˆz¥ amx¥ rˆc◦öG◦o�t öfS´

ax½¥larwo. zaanˆw¥ ian¥rc◦aG◦alak½

aSTax½ öfS´ y´ˆrpn¥ amx¥

�öq◦rˆfso�t. ianöq◦rafsalak½

maisSi Kanas Toxnian (amuSaveben)

rom simindi moiKvanon. imis Semdeg

rac daToxnes, siminds fSvnian, Kanas

moapnven. mopnevis Semdeg CaltiT

156

öSTax½ irC´ölt◦ˆ�t. afS´ ax¥

an¥lgalak½ öSTax½ idraS◦£�t daC´ö

j◦£x◦ˆmS´ j◦ömS´ inar¥ihanˆ

inabj¥slak aamTa �aTöx a‚¥naS◦a h◦ö

idraS◦o�t. ub¥s x◦¥y-x◦ˆy¥

�azha¤¥�t sˆnt�ɴabˆr övgust zˆnZa

�arö afS´ axaTa ag◦¥ c◦¥lnago�t

‚¥mz r¥STax½. öfS´ ibz¢aZˆn

�an‚alök½ C´ˆraTögalan iy´¥xnˆ

a‚ˆn¥Ka �aargo�t. afS´ any´¥xlak½

ic◦d¥rh◦ˆ�t x◦ˆy¥k irfSán¥

�aanrejue�t. nös öc◦g½ˆ� öbzie�

eil¥xnˆ aca nagan iTörf. so�t.

öfS´ y´ˆrpn¥ ifsaK½an¥ asök½

iTafsan¥ öZlagarax½ ilagan¥

�aag£�t. a‚ˆn¥ �anaöhgalak½ aS´¥la

al¤x◦Ta ik¥lahx◦e�t. ikalahx¥z

aS´¥la ab¥sTa ölahx◦ˆ�t. �aanxo

aförCa öj◦q◦ˆ� aq◦ˆtq◦e� öh◦aq◦e�

iSániˆ iröhTo�t. aS´¥la ik¥lah◦ˆz

aCu¥an inöganˆ öbja aZax½ elaS¤a

ay´¥ inagan¥ iTahafso�t. ui

aneilöSlak½ öSTax½ aqöS ¡�fZS´

iKalo�t. ub¥sKan e�Töx

�alahöfso�t aS´¥la ¢j◦paxaanZa

eilar‚ˆntn¥ e�lahxo�t

amhöbˆsTala. x◦ˆy¥k ömca �aq◦g¥lo

moasworeben. roca gaizrdeba simindi,

daToxnian, Semdeg 10-15 dGisa gava

roca gava dro gava meored Toxnian.

ase cot-cotaTi izrdeba. seqtember-

agvistomde. agvistoSi ukve taroebs

ikeTebs ori Tvis Semdeg. roca

simindi gaxmeba, SemodgomiT motexviT

saxlSi moaqvT. roca moagroveben

siminds, cotas toveben. Semdeg cuds

da kargs gaarCeven, sasimindeSi

(mitaniT) daKrian. siminds dafSvniT

gaaniaveben (meSokSi CaKriT) wisqvilSi

waiGeben. saxlSi roca movitanT,

fqvils sacerSi gavatarebT. gacrili

fqvilisagan Goms vakeTebT. darCenil

qatos Zroxebs, qaTmebs, patara goyebs

vuKofT da vaZlevT. fqvils

davamatebT (CavKriT) qvabSi, sadac

wKali duGs. am dros isev davumatebT

fqvils vidre ar gasqeldeba. Semdeg

qaSis msgavsi gakeTdeba. Semdeg

CavKriT isev. rogorc gasqeldeba,

vurevT xis kovziT. cotaTi cecxlze

davtovebT cota xnis Semdeg

gadmoviGebT cecxlidan da davdebT

TefSebze. amas hqvia Gomi. GomSi

dayril Kvels (Sig gulSi) CavdebT

157

f¥Trak aSTax½ iknˆxn¥ saönq◦a

rnöhZo�t. ubr¢ �ɴaz½Zup ab¥sTa.

ab¥sTa öS◦ fˆKan¥ e�g◦¥lahZo�t.

aK◦¥d �ɴaxSnˆ �öh†o�t.

lobiosTan erTad SevyamT.

4) aKaKaKaK◦¥¥¥¥dddd lobiolobiolobiolobio

aK◦¥d larwo�t öfS´ an¥larwo

öamTazˆ. xaz¥ ialuwörig½ˆ, ö¤e�t

mömzarg½¥ öfS´ ax½¥lo

�aclouwarg½ˆ ö¤e�t. ¡�cTarge-

lo�t aK◦¥dg½ˆ, öfS´g½¥. aK◦¥d

zaan¥wˆ iy´¥xn¥ xaz¥ amra �öaTan

�ahör‚o�t. nös ¤ö �ax½¥q◦u ¢pKanˆ

ac◦ö iag◦¥lxnˆ ak¥ iTafsan¥

izak¤zaalak½ saak½¤ma kastr¤luma

iTafsan¥ �ahw◦öxue�t. S´¥q◦sˆkˆnZa

aK◦¥dg½ˆ afSg½ˆ �hazx£�t.

lobios Tesen, roca siminds Tesen,

im dros, SeiZleba calkec daiTesos,

SeiZleba erTadac, simindTan. erTad

agroveben simindsac da lobiosac.

lobios adre vagrovebT calke da

(mzeze dadebiT) vaxmobT. Semdeg

davcexvavT dartKmiT, rom kani

movaciloT, CavKriT raimeSi an

meSokSi an qvabSi da vinaxavT

(awdaxra). erT weliwads gvKofnis

simindi da lobio.

aK◦¥d e�l¥fSaanˆ �ahaZZ£�t aZˆ

harSu�t kastrulka aKnˆ

iTahafso�t. nas eilaS◦ˆ�t ibzian¥

�j◦aönZa inöhgo�t. ij◦¤e�t

anahg◦öx◦lak½ öSTax½ aK◦¥d rSˆS¥ga

öla iharSˆSue�t, apˆrp¥l x◦ˆy¥k

öhTo�t. aˆjS´¢ aJˆmS¢ ¢xxnˆ

�alahöfso�t. aJˆkag½ ax¥S´. gˆ

aKöfSg½ˆ öhTo�t. x◦ˆyˆk eilahar-

S‚¥nt◦e�t. nas axx¥la xˆxn¥

lobios varCevT da wKliT vrecxavT

qvabSi CaKriT vxarSavT, kargad rom

moixarSeba, vtovebT. kargad rom

moixarSeba, Semdeg lobios mosareviT

amovzelT (arSˆSra), cota wiwakas

vumatebT. niors da xaxvs (Tavs)

CavKriT. aJikas TeTrs da wiTels

davumatebT. vurevT. Semdeg sakazms

vukeTebT.

158

�alöhafso�t.

5) akakakak◦öxaxaxaxa tKemalitKemalitKemalitKemali

ah◦ösa öafen mz¥zˆ iS◦T◦¥�t. ma¢

¢unˆ mz¥zˆ ah◦ ˆsö ibziönˆ iKal£�t

i‚¥jZa ¢anS◦lök½ ah◦ˆsö K¤banˆ

harS◦S◦ot. nas ihay◦S◦o�t.

inahöK◦S◦alak½ öSTax½ asaöra d¤

i´wanˆ ibzianˆ höZ◦Z◦o�t. nös xöza

aC◦ön knöhha¤e�t ah◦ˆsö Töhafso�t.

aZ¥ awöhT◦oit inagan¥ ömca

iaxöknahha¤e�t. ibzian¥ iS´¥roup

ij◦¢t-h◦ö anap g◦aöxZak½ �aaknˆxn¥

al¤x◦day´ ikˆlxn¥ �hraZo�ɴt.

�ahraZ¥z ak◦öxa aC◦uön iTaT◦an¥

iknöhan e�Töx amcay´ˆ e�laharS◦e�t.

nas iknˆxnˆ aJ¥ka x¥S´ alafsan¥

ihargˆlo�t. anˆxS◦aS◦axalök½ öSTax½

afaTlekaq◦a mamzarg½¥ abankaq◦a

iTaT◦an¥ �ahörk◦ˆ�t.

aluCa gazafxul(is) TveebSi

ifurCqneba. maisSi da ivnisSi aluCa

kargad mwifdeba. roca gaKviTldeba,

aluCa (darxeviT) vanJGrevT Semdeg

vagrovebT (aK◦S◦ara) roca

movagrovebT, Semdeg vKriT did

taStSi da kargad vrecxavT. Semdeg

calke TuJis qvabs vkidebT. aluCas

Sig vKriT. wKals vasxamT da Semdeg

vdgamT cecxlze. kargad unda

wamoduGdes, roca moixarSeba, roca

kargad moixarSeba movxsniT da

sacerSi gavatarebT. rasac gavcriT,

isev vasxamT qvabSi (CadebiT) davdebT

cecxlze da ixarSeba. Semdeg movxsniT

da marilis daKriT davtovebT. roca

gacivdeba, Semdeg boTlebSi an

qilebSi CasxmiT davxuravT.

6) aCaCaCaCöiiii CaiCaiCaiCai

harKud¤e�t mörti †ˆvröli

mzˆzˆ. ma¢ mzˆzˆ e�xˆly´ˆöauˆ�t.

nös iyáhx◦¥�t övgusti sentiöbr

mzaönZa. aC¡� �aq◦höfso�t

audabrˆn¢a, izbanzar �ahö ¢tataxan

ibzian¥ �ayölarc az¥. nap¡nla

Cais yrian (formas aZleven)

Teberval-martSi. maisSi patara

Klortebi izrdeba. Semdeg agvisto-

seqtembramde vagrovebT. Cais aKrian

sasuqs, radgan meti mosavali miiGon,

kargad rom gaizardos. xeliT

159

iyáhx◦¥�t, afxen. aaf¥n markat¥lla

iharKud¤e�t, mamzarg½¥ atröqt¥r

ixnaw◦£�t.

vagrovebT, zafxulSi da Semodgomaze

vagrovebT makratliT, an traqtori

Kris, yris.

ma� mzˆz¥ aCˆ�ɴ ianax¥ly´�aalak½

aKatöra ssaq◦a y´ˆxn¥ a‚ˆnˆ �aöganˆ

ömra öxöbaSa Jara inaZ◦¥fsan

�har‚£�t. ian‚alak½ öSTax½ xazˆ

mak◦ön x◦ˆy¥k Zaxn¥ zaKö y´öhxez

�ak¥Sa Tahafso�t. ianTahafsalök½

öSTax½ amak◦önˆ x¥ iG◦G◦anˆ G◦G◦an¥

iy´öh◦h◦o�t. nös iK◦aK◦an¥ iK◦öK◦anˆ

eilörpayńˆ nap¥la aZ¥ öalwaanZa

�hrK◦ˆyúe�t. ¤STe� ibzian

iharK◦¥yet anahg◦ax◦lak½ aSTax½

¢zTo� �aaTgan¥ ömray´ˆ �e�Töx

ihör‚o�t.

maisis TveSi Cai rom gaizrdeba,

patara foTlebi (mogrovebiT)

mogvaqvs saxlSi mze rom uKurebdes,

vaSrobT. roca gamoSreba, Semdeg

calke patara meSokSi CavKriT,

ramdenic Caeteva. roca CavKriT,

Semdeg zeviT Tavs movukravT. magrad

movuyerT. Semdeg xeliT vyKletT,

vidre wKali bolomde ar gamouva.

vyKletT, roca ukve kargad

gamovyKletT, mivxvdebiT gadmovKriT

meSokidan da isev mzeze vaSrobT.

7) öjjjj KurZeniKurZeniKurZeniKurZeni

aj, awla �ay´£up ibz¢anˆ

�ax½¥Kalo izbanzar aZax◦aq◦a

öwlay´ˆ �ahhö rC´¡iwˆxnˆ ibz¢an

iayálo�t; a‚a‚¥ ay´¥xraz e�hö

darmanS◦ölo�t d¥q◦lanˆ öj

iTaa¤e�t. iy´¢x◦e�t amw◦¥S◦la.

amw◦¥S◦ aS´öxa axa¢wo�t imanˆ öwla

d¥q◦lo�t. nas ölbaaSTrazˆ �öhha

darmanS◦alaxarcˆz albaSTraz öj

KurZeni xeze aris kargad. zed rom

aris, imitom, rom venaxi xeze kargad

iSleba, kargad iSleba.

adamianisTvisac advilia Segroveba.

zed asvliT KurZens agrovebs. moyris

da gideliT TokiT zevidan uSvebs.

amiTi xeze adis. Semdeg CamoSveba

ufro advili iqneba. KurZeni mwifdeba

SemodgomobiT. KurZnis Segrovebis

160

Kalo� ɴt, C´ˆ‚ra Tagalanmzˆz. öj

any´ˆrxlak½ öSTax½ xaz¥ inaganˆ Jarö

iSTörZo�t. nas zˆg½¥ aizgan¥ a�ɴah◦a

ianörwo�t. ubre� iax½an¤ a�h◦ay´ˆ

araZöga ikˆlarx◦e� ɴt. e�sxˆmS´

r¥STax½ ¤ö öj, a�x½anu

e�ladˆr‚ˆnt◦e�t aiJ◦ö ay´¥ aZˆ

ölarT◦o�t, xaz¥ aSaqörg½ˆ, rSn¥

¤ax½ �ölarTo�t. fS¥mS r¥STax½

¢Súe�t. nas aualˆr mö ahafSa

iTarT◦o�t, ix¥r‚o�t. irx◦x◦o�

ibzianˆ aZalwaanZa aj aqaraq◦a zˆg½ˆ

r¥lxnˆ

Semdeg calke deben da calke awKoben.

Semdeg erTad Sekreben da sawnaxelSi

deben. aq, sadac sawnaxelia, yKleten

kargad. vidre wveni ar gamouva

bolomde calke marcvlebs sawurSi

atareben (akˆlxra) Kovel mesame dGes

iq, sadac KurZenia, ureven

(a�lar‚ˆntra). Semdeg sawnaxelSi

wKals asxamen da Saqris serofs

asxamen. meoTxe dGes aduGdeba. Semdeg

xis kasrSi an yurSi Caasxamen, Tavs

axuraven.

öjaG½ �aanx£ ‚¥mS r¥STax½ mö

mˆSk¥ öSTax½ aC◦ön iTaufso�t

ixˆ‚an¥ iurS◦¥�t. amca aw¥¤wo�t

nös auödka al¥�ra �ɴalago�t.

yaya rac darCeba, meore dGes an

dGe gamoSvebiT did qvabSi (TuJis)

asxamen. (daxurviT) da aduGeben.

cecxl qveS akeTeben, Semdeg araKis

gamoxdas iwKeben.

8) aTˆTaTˆTaTˆTaTˆT¥¥¥¥n Sgn Sgn Sgn Sg¥¥¥¥KarwoKarwoKarwoKarwo rogor akeTeben Tambaqosrogor akeTeben Tambaqosrogor akeTeben Tambaqosrogor akeTeben Tambaqos

zn¥ adg½¥l r¥c◦aG◦o�t. nös

irC´ölt◦o�t. arödq◦a öadˆrxo�t.

nös öj◦la karfs£�t arasöda

raaZo�t. aZˆ aaq◦¥rTo�t es¥

SˆjˆmTan. x¤mbˆC´xa nös adg½¥l

e� ɴx½iaSarou radq◦a öarxanˆ

e�Törhaue�t. Zˆk¥-Zˆk¥ bjawˆnˆ

pirvelad miwas xnaven. Semdeg

CeltiT moasworeben. kvals akeTeben.

Semdeg Tesls moaKrian, CiTilebs

zrdian. wKliT rwKaven Kovel dila-

saGamos. Semdeg miwas sadac sworia,

kvals akeTeben (rgaven). erTi

mtkavelis daKofiT Toxnian. erTxel

daToxnian, kidev meored daToxnian.

161

eidraS◦o�t. znˆk idraS◦o�t. e�Ta

‚ent◦ e�Törha¤e�t. nas ¡induxalak½

e�y´¥rx◦u�t. röfx½a iy´ˆrx◦ö adeba

�öSToup. u� nöxˆz ak◦t◦i a‚ˆbt◦ˆ

axfat◦ˆ h◦ö. abös öx◦bat◦ˆ aK¥nZa

iyˆrx◦ˆ�t. �arg¥ nwro� ɴt. ubr¢

an¡�z öS◦T axnˆgo�t ubr¢ öS◦T

ixnˆ g£, öj◦la y´öalo�t,

irw◦öxuˆ�tubri körfso�t.

iraöZo�t. as£rt abziaq◦a rn¡�sˆ

iy´ölo�t abG½-¥c ssaq◦a ubr¢

� ɴax½Zup a†lˆy´-h◦a �öSToup. ubr¢

aTˆT¥n e�fS´ idrˆfxo�t.

Semdeg roca gaizrdeba, agroveben;

pirvelad rac Seagroves hqvia ad¥bh◦a.

amis Semdeg meore mesame meoTxe

mexuTemde agroveben (texen) amiTi

mTavrdeba amis Semdeg zeviT Kvavils

ikeTebs. es rom gamodis. es iTvleba

Teslad. amas gamoaqvs naKofi. inaxaven

da amas apneven. Tesaven, zrdian. garda

kargi xarisxisa, izrdeba cudic:

patarebi. amaT hqvia a†lˆyá†lˆyá†lˆyá†lˆy´-i amasac

rogorc TuTuns ise acvamen (arfxra).

9) aaaa¤¤¤¤TraTraTraTra bostanibostanibostanibostani

a¤Tra raöfx½a �ahböhaue�t nös

irk◦ök◦o�t. nös aJ¥mS´ˆ arödq◦a

aldan¥ ödg½el, aJ¥mS´ˆ

ic◦¥wahwo�t, nös ixa‚o�t.

ax◦ele�Tahha¤e�t ‚¥mz r¥STax½ nös

aual¥r e�Tawan¥ aJ¥ka aCamföz ma

aburök aöTanˆ iw◦ˆrnöhwo�t.

apˆrp¥l e�Töhha¤e�t. �any´ölalak½

apˆrp¥l y´ˆxn¥ �ahr¥fx◦ˆ�t. aJ¥ka

hx◦e�t. öx◦ˆx◦a kaafso�t. aw¥bra,

ösrahana, ökama, apamidor �aTöh.

apamidor any´ölala �anöKafS´xalök½

bostans Jer Toxnian, Semdeg

afxvierebn (ak◦ak◦ara), Semdeg xaxvis

kvlebs gavlebiT (aldara) miwas xaxvs

miwaSi aryoben (ac◦ˆwawara) Semdeg

davxuravT (ax‚ara) kejera, (xviti)

varyobT. ori Tvis Semdeg vyriT.

Semdeg CavdebT ra kasrSi, marils

davaKriT, Semdeg yarxals da buraks

da marils wnilad deben.

(aw◦ˆrˆnwara) Semdeg wiwakas Tesen.

roca gamova naKofi, vagrovebT Semdeg

aJikas (gatarebiT), mwvanils qinfs

davumatebT. (awˆbraawˆbraawˆbraawˆbra), rehans, kamas

162

öj◦la ilˆrx◦¥�t, irw◦¥x◦ˆ�t. �arö

ubös abaklajang½¥ Körwo�t. aaf¥n

amört az¥n akart£S öj◦la adg¥l

¢arTo�t. �arö ubös akartoSkˆ

�azha¤e�t.

pamidors vTesavT. pamidori roca

gawiTldeba, krefen da amisgan Tesls

amzadeben da inaxaven. aseve amzadeben

badriJansac. gazafxulze, martSi

kartofils Tesen. aseve kartofils

zrdian.

10) iKön xaw¥ki fh◦¥ski. inx£n

inw◦ön. axöwa d¤ ibe�an ixat◦¥

magaz¢n ¢man. �arö ubös aZlagöra.

¤s ¢Kan inx£n ibz¢an. akamböSq◦a,

öj◦q◦a rac◦an¥ ir¥man. aCń¥rc◦a

irˆman. darö ir¥man fS◦¥k axSöra.

ra‚e� axöwa örbˆG½ bˆzS◦ö ¢dˆruan.

Cńak aus¤ra dce�ɴt ifh◦¥s a‚ˆn¡

d¥Kan. ax◦¥yq◦a lb£n. öSˆbjn axöwa

daö�t. ¢lax½ e�q◦n¥. ¤s d¢azwaa�t

ifh◦¥s: ì¤x½ˆ ¤laz½ e�q¤peas _

¢rlˆsnˆ uaö�, ömla sakit ¢rlasnˆ

a� ɴlaJ sˆz¤~ afh◦¥s öC◦uan knöhanˆ

a� ɴlaJ aura dSáy¤z. ubös ih◦ˆ�ɴt:

söra s¥fsue�t, axö abr¢ agöra

igöro ax◦ˆy¥ bax½calöka dˆbm¥rZˆn.

izak¤zi i¤h◦o uS´föfsue� ag¥rTg½ˆ

ux◦¥yq◦ ¥Kami ¤ara ufsˆrg½¥ sara

arö sx◦¥yq◦a s¥manˆ s¥Koup. mam£,

barö bxawö bco�ɴt. sarö sc£m

iKvnen col-qmari, cxovrobdnen,

(iKvnen). kacs Tavisi maGazia hqonda da

mdidari iKo. hqonda agreTve wisqvili.

ase kargad cxovrobdnen. kameCebi da

Zroxebi bevri hKavdaT. mwKemsebic

hKavdaT. maT hKavdaT oTxi Svili.

qmarma icoda mamlis ena. erTxel

qmari wavida samsaxurSi, coli ki

darCa saxlSi bavSvebis misaxedad.

SuadGeze qmari dabrunda

SublSekruli. ase SeekiTxa Tavisi

coli: ratom Segikavs Subli? _ Cqara

moxvedi, `mSia da Cqara elarJi

gamikeTeo~. colma qvabi(s)

(CamokidebiT) daiwKo keTeba. ase

uTra: me vkvdebi, magram is bavSvi,

romelic akvanSia, ar dakargo! `ras

ambob, rogor kvdebi, am bavSvebdan

erTad me aq viqnebi, Sen romc mokvde.

ara, Sen gaTxovdi. `me ar waval, vidre

Seni Svilebi cocxlebi iqnebian,

163

uxuyq◦ö zˆg¥ rfs¥ Tanaw¥i. axö,

�am¤�t. �arö d¥fs�t. ixuyq◦aTg½¥

aZ◦¥ e�ɴda ag½¥rT zˆg½¥ ifs¢t.

‚ˆS´ˆq◦sö r¥la. daC´ö S´ˆq◦s¥k

d¥nxe�t ubrö. u¡�naxˆz lTöac◦a

dˆrg¥�t ubr¢ afh◦¥s. daC´ö x¥

Sˆq◦sa lTöac◦a löbi löni rK¥n

lx◦ˆy¥ dl¥manˆ ¤ö d¥Kan. ¤� ane�z

e�Tö daCá Z◦¥ d¡�gˆ�t. ¤a lxöwa

d¥Zit. ¤i nax¥s larö dax½n¡�z

ax◦ˆyq◦ö rac◦an¥ ilaaZˆ�ɴt larg½¥

dˆfsit.

magram ar gamovida. is mokvda. Kvela

bavSvi mokvda erTis garda. ori wlis

Semdeg kidev erTi weli darCa iq. amis

Semdeg es qali misma mSoblebma

waiKvanes. es qali sami wlis

ganmavlobaSi ded-mamasTan imKofeboda,

Tavis bavSvTan erTad. Semdeg igi

kidev sxva viGac irTavs mas. misi

qmaric daikarga. amis Semdeg sadac

movida, bevri bavSvebi aGzarda. isic

mokvda.

ar¢ axöwa ömaT bˆzS◦ö id¥r…an.

�arö dTörkit. ömaT e�cd¥rharc

�anörga, im¥chaZe�t �arö ab¥zS◦a

axeid¥r…az az¥.

am kacma icoda gvelebis ena. igi

daapatimres. gvelebisgan dakbena

undodaT. roca moiKvanes, ver ukbina

misi ena raxan icoda, amitom.

11) sarö söb aS◦ar¥cara c¥�t.

dˆS◦ar¥canˆ danaö¤az ix◦lax½ön.

ömza kaxxaö ¢Kan. aZ¥ Z¥zlan

dömouph◦ö rh◦£n, axö, aZ◦g½¥

imbaZac¥zt. söb C´¥la daavale�t

ubr¢ aZ¥. aZ¥zlan daöTˆwn¥

d¢STalˆ�t. söb �öniiba, aC´¥ �rhan¥

id◦¥qle�t. aZ¥zlan dˆ‚n¥

d¢STalˆ�t. aZ¥zlan lön

iy´m¥lTuan: bgˆj¢, bˆSTömlan, du

Cemi mama sanadirod wavida. roca

nadirobidan brundeboda, Gamdeboda.

mTvare kaSkaSebda. wKalSi ali ariso

ambobdnen, magram aravis ar hqonda

nanaxi. mamaCemi cxeniT midioda, am

wKalze. ali gamoZromiT gamovida

wKlidan da gaekida. mamaCemma es rom

naxa, cxens SeeSinda da gaiqca. ali

sirbiliT gaekida. alis dedam

Kvirili daiwKo: `dabrundi, nu misdev,

didad saSiSi kaciao, magram ar

164

ao‚¥ c◦g£up-h◦ö, axö dif¥rˆmwit.

dˆ‚n¥ diix½Zan¥ iC´â aw¥x…a

dx½¥nahalt söb iKöm öTifan dˆ‚n¥

dlSTöle�t d¥gˆjnˆ. aZ¥zlan

örw◦aa dˆh◦h◦önˆ aZ¥j dˆ‚¥nˆ

dˆnTöfale�t. lön ¤s lh◦ˆ�t:

b¢STa mlön-h◦ö zbözh◦oz abr¢

özakumzi ¢Kama fw◦an¥ aTrö iS´T£

ibaa�t~ _ lh◦ˆ�t. �arö ubös

eg½¢aSjˆmTan Kale�t.

daexsna. sirbiliT gaekida da cxenis

kudze daekida. mamaCemma amoiGo xmali

motrialda da sirbiliT gaekida

mobrunebiT. ali daKvirebiT gaiqca

mdinarisaken da Sig Caxta. misma dedam

ase uxra: me xom Sen giTxari, rom ar

gaekido-meTqi, man rom xval dilas

gamtKdari xmali naxos, ise moxdeso.

asec moxda.

12) sarö söb S◦ar¥cara d¥cˆ�t.

x¤lbˆCxak ah◦¥h◦q◦a iS¥rc. söbi

i‚ˆzˆ� ice�ɴt öbnax½. …ax¥nlan ömza

köxxaa ¥Kan ax◦ax½¥ ixöle�t x◦öj◦ranˆ

bnöranˆ ¥Kan ah◦¥h◦qa sˆS¥rc icˆ�ɴt.

¤rT a�ɴ‚ˆzc◦a ‚¥Ja xaz¥ xaz¥ öx◦q◦a

rax½ S◦ar¥cara icˆ� ɴt. S◦ar¥cara

�analgalök½ anˆS◦ˆnTran ¢Kan ¤brö

e�zˆfS´…ön rafx½a ine¢laz

dˆx¥s…an i‚¥za id¥rc iS´¢gˆjz. söbi

iSit ah◦¥h◦q◦a racan¥ uSTa

dˆg¥jit. anˆS◦ˆ¥nTra Kn¥ dn¥�n

dˆx¥sit d¢fSit axö i‚¥za d¥Kam.

anˆS◦¥nTra daxTat◦az aq½ˆbjˆ

T¥‚…an. alabaSala iG◦qaösa dön‚axa

mamaCemi sanadirod wavida. saGmo

iKo. mtredebis dasaxocad mamaCemi da

misi Zma wavidnen tKeSi GamiT. mTvare

anaTebda. mTaze avidnen, gauvali tKe

iKo, mtredebis dasaxocad wavidnen. is

amxanagebi cal-calke mTebze

sanadirod wavidnen. nadiroba roca

daamTavres, sasaflao sadac iKo, iq

unda SexvedriliKvnen pirvelad vinc

movidoda unda gaesrola, misi

amxanagi gaigebda amiT, rom is

dabrunda. mamaCemma bevri mtred(eb)i

daxoca. Semdeg dabrunda sasaflaoze

aq movida, gaisrola, daeloda, magram

misi amxanagi ar iKo sasaflaoze.

rogorc iJda xvelebis (oxvris) xma

165

ibe�t öxafarC´q◦a ‚¥ba. k¥r dˆfS´ˆn,

axö i‚¥za dan¢imbaZa dˆgˆjit

a‚ˆn¥Ka. öm‚an dˆnx£n fh◦¥s e�bök

lxöwa aö�g◦a dˆfsxön. afh◦¥s

e�balöx½ dne� ɴ ah◦¥h◦q◦a f¥Tk

lzan�jˆrc. aS◦ Kn¥ dann¡� ib¡�t

lxöwa ifs¥ gaga öS◦ iS´ˆlag¥laz.

inap¥ akurSanˆ �aanikle�t afh◦¥s

lzy´�Tit: beg¥l, bxöwa

dˆbzöazge�t-h◦a. larö dg¥lan aS◦

anaölart ¢lbe�t lxöwa igaga.

d¥h◦h◦an¥ dg◦¥G½nˆ dˆköhe�t. afs¥

gagag½¥ �ax½cöz rˆmb£ inˆwöba

ice�ɴt.

gaigo. JoxiT saflavis qva awia,

dainaxa ori zGarbi, didxans eloda,

magram Tavisi amxanagi rom sul ver

naxa, dabrunda saxlSi. gzaze qvrivi

qali Sexvda. Tavisi qmari visac didi

xani ar iKo, rac moukvda. igi movida

qvrivTan, rom ramdenime mtredi

daetovebina misTvis. roca karebi

gaaGo mkvdari qmris Crdili Seegeba.

xeliT Semoexvia, qalma daikivla,

adeqi, Seni qmari mogiKvaneo. is (qali)

adgomiT kari roca gaaGo, dainaxa

Tavisi qmaris Crdili. iKvira da

gulwasuli daeca. mkvdris sulic

SeumCnevlad gaqra, wavida.

13) Cńök sab nˆK◦arönt◦i lg¥jnˆ

daö…an ix◦lax½an. bnarö d¤k

d¥ls…an. ub¥s bj¥x◦g½a baafs¥k

�aha�ɴt. dg¥lanˆ Ze‚ö dölagˆ�t. axö

abj¥ �ahö-�ahö �baöfsxo �aög◦ara

�aa�ɴva �alögˆ�t. �arö sS◦¥�t-

ih◦¥�t. sn¡�nˆ wlö d¤k gˆlan

sCávaske�t. ar¢ �aö�vaz inxalön

ins¥vaknˆ isˆ‚sn¥. ice� ɴt wöKa ag◦ö‚a

d¤‚ax. ar¢ bnö‚a‚ˆ zöarˆn da‚¥snˆ

e�q◦aw◦an¥ ax◦¥ ¢q◦nˆ ao‚¥ sax½a ¢man

erTxel mamaCemi mogzaurobidan

brundeboda, bneldeboda. didi tKe

unda gaevlo, ucbad cudi xmebi gaigo.

SeCerda da mosmena daiwKo. magram xma

metad da metad cuddeboda. axlos,

gverdiT daiwKo. man Tqva, rom

SeeSinda. misvliT did xeze avida. es

vinc gverdze midioda, aiwia da Zalian

axlos gaiara. qveviT wavida. es

aGmoCnda tKis kaci sirbiliT, Savi,

Tmiani kacis saxis mqone mutruki iKo.

166

mi�t◦ˆk �ɴak◦ˆn.

14) ao‚¡ d¤k dˆfs� ɴt. dˆzTöz

ak¤ba fS´Zan¥ öS◦T öwanˆ, i‚ˆzc◦ö

u� ak¥riT ari¢bamTo öSTa inT¥w�t

a¤s ax½i¢¤az �anaövala ak¤baST¥rx

Z¡�t. ubr¢ aömTazˆ aZ◦¥ akah¤a

j◦¥rTa daa‚ˆnˆwit. aJar �aa�¤az

ani¢ba daanyös�t. ¢lafS´ nöq◦S◦ˆ�t,

�aarg£z ak¤ba, ix¥lfa-aaxˆxˆ�t.

ak¥r öamTa ¤� dˆ� ɴlahanˆ

dax◦afS´¤an akuba arx½aSa öS◦T-q◦a

rˆf‚ˆ lahalaha¤a igoz. eh, Siri,

sox◦x◦aZa snöganˆ ¤aj◦¥ ¤� ökuba

sTöndaz �h◦e�ɴt daaS´¥cnˆ �arö.

didi kaci mokvda. sadac igi iwva

kubo lamazad iKo morTuli

KvavilebiT. misi amxanagebi erTmaneTs

ar aclidnen, gamovidnen ezodan. roca

misi samsaxuris adgilas Caiares,

Zalian maGla aswies kubo. am dros

viGac, sadac Kavas svamen, iqidan

gamovida. xalxi rogor modioda,

roca dainaxa, Sedga (aanyásra). Sexeda

_ dainaxa, rom mohqondaT is kubo,

qudi moixada did xans SuriT

uKurebda. kubo ra kargad iKo

morTuli KvavilebiT, imaTi suni, eh

me rom viwve am kuboSi ra iqnebodao!

_ Tqva SuriT man.

15) dˆnx£n aZ◦¥ xöwak. döara

d¥Garne. a¤sura abz¢a ibaZ£mˆzt.

dn¡�t ‚ö‚ˆ b¥�ak iy´ˆ. us ie�h◦e�t:

abrö is¥mo amx¥ sZ¥ura S◦£zˆr

i¤sTo�t a…asö, bz¢o…p, ih◦e�ɴt

aGör dölagˆ�t öraS◦ara, abîa

dn¥�n a…asö iS¢t. it◦iaq◦ˆ�

aSapq◦¥� kafsan¥ ak◦öc a‚ˆn¥Ka ig¥�t.

ax◦¥lfaz aGör i¤sura danölga

dne�t ab¥�a iy´ˆ.

cxovrobda erTi moxuci kaci

Zalian Garibad. muSaoba ar uKvarda.

movida erT mdidarTan, ase uTxra:

`Tu damiToxni me siminds, mogcem

batkans~, kargio, uTxra Garibma.

daiwKo Toxna. mdidarma (wasvliT)

dakla cxvari. rqebi da fexebi

(daKriT) xorci saxlSi waiGo.

saGamos Garibma samuSao daamTavra

ra, movida mdidarTan.

167

uSTö scalöp s…asö so¤Tar, umxˆ

sraS◦e�t, ih◦e�t. abeia aGör dimönˆ

a…asö ax½yáh◦az dönnˆ� ibe�ɴt a…asö

axi aSapq◦¥� S´rökuz ¢iSTaz, ari

ab¥�a iJe�Sˆ�t. iJ¡iSaZ◦Sa Kaiwe�ɴt.

döara ig◦¥ �als¥zS◦a. aGör r¥cha

abös ala akag½¥ im£uZak◦a i‚ˆn¥Ka

d¥q◦lanˆ dcˆ�t. sarö ak¥r s¡q◦zar

abri alag½¥ iumd¥rue�, mak◦öc

j¢x◦Tak sˆznˆmx£zi ih◦ˆ�ɴt.

axla momeci cxvari da waval, Seni

Kana davToxne, uTxra. mdidari Gari-

bis qonebiT movida, sadac dakla cxva-

ri da naxa, rom cxvris magivrad rqebi

da fexebi iKo iq. am mdidars gaukvir-

da, TiTqos gaukvirdao, ise gaakeTa.

Zalian. TiTqos ar moewona. Garib(ma)

sawKal(ma) amrigad araferi miiGo ra,

saxlSi gaemarTa ra, wavida. me Tu be-

di mqonoda aqedan gamoCndebodao, er-

Ti nayeri xorci mainc daetovebinao.

16) xöwak ig◦¥la iKn¥ c◦öj◦ara

dnˆ¢n. irac◦an¥ d¥nxˆ�t. us öq◦a

aurö �ölagˆ�t. öfS◦ma ¤s ih◦ˆ�ɴt:

sd◦¥q◦loq h◦a danölaga ös …öbaco�

ar¢ a‚¥za amS´ c◦g½öxa, …axö uKazöra.

¤s iS´t◦az f¥Trak öSTax½ öfS◦ma

dˆ‚agˆlön, ¢rax◦ rT¥f ¢q◦wan

danöa� ¢sas d¥KaZömˆzt. ¢fS◦me�

�arˆ�ɴ, iKalöze�-h◦a eniizwaö�t. axö

¤s rg◦¥ �aanagˆ�t dˆnd◦¥lw�t-h◦ö,

us esˆfS´¥z f¥Trak öSTax½ ösas

dbaaZaZö öS◦ daölagˆlt. uaböKaz

…ˆZ¤baaZa iJ¥iSˆ�t öfS◦ma. `sˆ…öpa

aazgöp~ _ sh◦ön a‚ˆn¥nZa snöbjisit

aq◦ö x¥bk◦aZar, sˆzlac£zi, arö st◦ö

Zazaa…öma.

kaci Tavis mezobelTan salaparakod

mivida. did xans iJda. ase wvima

daiwKo. maspinZelma ase Tqva: is roca

gaemzada wasasvlelad, aseT cud

amindSi sad unda waxvide, aq iKavio.

ase rogorc iJda, cota xnis Semdeg

maspinZeli adga, saqoneli Tav-Tavis

adgilas daabinava ra, mosvliT Tavisi

stumari aGar iKo. Tavis diasaxliss

hkiTxa, ra moxdao? magram maT

ifiqres, rom stumari wavida. ase

ucdidnen, cota xnis Semdeg stumari

sul mTlad sveli karebSi gamoCnda.

sad iKavi aseTi sveli, gaukvirda

maspinZels, Cemi mosaxuris mosatanad

saxlSi wavedi, wvima vidre ar

168

gadaiGebda, aq xom ar viJdebodio?

17) aZ◦ˆ �arG½aSap¥ dazg◦öanˆ

dax½¥n�a�…az ic◦im¥rxˆraa…a

dölagˆ�t. adg¥l iquirk½ˆsar örma

�afnagör-h◦a dS◦an¥ …‚ˆ Sap¥k r¥la

…n¥K◦ala akumzar uSap¥ zaw◦¥

…aq◦ˆmguG¥n …aafso� ɴt iulS´£m.

ah◦£n ¢xSˆ‚, axö ig◦¥ ¤s ah◦£mˆzt.

Cńök zn¥ dSap¥ zaw◦Zö daSń¥�…az

daafsön dköha�t ¤sKan �örG½a

Sapg½¥ aa�w¢Sit, axö Jarö

�aa�wamg¥lt. ig◦aan¥ iKamz¢ öfS◦ma

�ax½at◦îmbaz az¥ nös dîmak¥-e�yák¥

a…öa dˆzböz a‚ˆn¥ dr¥manˆ �öa�t.

am‚an ¢xS´¥‚ ¤s ah◦£n: ¤zSapek öla

¤znˆK◦om-h◦a …asˆmh◦ax½öz …‚Sap¥k

rˆla un¥K◦ozg½ˆ abös ¤s …x¥…azma

axTˆfS´ö.

erTi kaci Tavis marJvena fexs

gauJavrda. sad ar dadiodi da aGar

xmarobda, ra daiwKo ar dgamda miwaze

eSinoda rom marcxena ar daweoda.

iare orive fexebiT, Torem daiGlebi

ar daimedde, ver SeZleb, eubneboda

ykua, magram guls es ar undoda.

erTxel cali fexiT rogorc midioda,

daiGala da daeca. am dros marJvena

fexic gamoiKena, magram igi ar

daemorCila. iKo gabrazebuli, rom

patronma cud sazogadoebaSi. Semdeg

vinc dainaxa xalxma aiKvanes da

moiKvanes saxlSi. gzaze ykua ase

eubneboda: me xom geubnebodi, rom

erTi fexiT siaruls ver SeZlebdio,

Tu ori fexiT ivlidi, ase ar

mogixdebodao, Tavcarieloo!

18) aC´¥ öSxa �ay�ölanˆ iSń¥i…az

xrö baafs¥k �ayáhxˆ� ɴt. öm‚a c◦gan.

aSap¥ azayák◦amˆzt ö…ada �a‚afS´¥n.

ak¥r bjan öladag½ˆ x¥nh◦ˆSa

ömamˆzt. ¤s öa�g◦ara Cádök

Sáyág¥laz abˆ�ɴt sax½Tax£ ¤mbo�

abaafs¥ us¥cxraa-h◦ö ih◦h◦¥�t. aCádö

aa�ɴn �öcxraa�t ixönagalt¤aKa

cxeni mTaze rogorc adioda,

xramTn mivida. cudi gza iKo, arsad

fexis dasadebi ar iKo samxreTisaken

gaixeda, bevri iKo darCenili winamde,

dabruneba ar SeiZleboda. ase gverdiT

erTi viri rogorc idga, dainaxa.

xedav, cud dGeSi var, momexmareo,

dauKvira. viri (mosvliT) miexmara

169

ahösk½ˆn qaS◦£ Sömxax½ˆ in¥lagˆlt.

aCád¥� aC´¡� rˆzxarö an¥r†a

aS◦ˆS¥ray´ˆ inat◦¥�t. ag◦¥j afs¥

anai‚¤ ix¤c◦an abös: ar¢ aCádaj◦

arö isˆvart◦�anˆ is¥man¥ suq◦¤p.

akr¥†o �öfsoma. ubr¢ �arö f¡Trak

öSTax½ ig¥le�t. nös aC´¥ aC´öda

ilösˆn ixˆS◦Tnˆ ikanaj¢t. …ant◦i

ilac◦xösˆn aZ¥ �ölanaut, nas aCá

ah◦¥n ah◦rö ah◦ra �alögˆ�t.

zeviT amosvlaSi. balaxi kargi,

muxlamde modioda. cxeni da viri rom

gamoZGnen CrdilSi dasxdnen. Jorma

suli rom moiTqva, ase ifiqra: am

virukelas gverdiT rom viJde amasTan

davdivar yams, Girs ki amado. cota

xnis Semdeg adga, Semdeg cxenma virs

daartKa, gadaatriala da daagdo,

iqidan wKalSi Caagdo, xeli kra,

Semdeg cxeni motrialda da Zov-Zova

daiwKo.

19) an¢ ab¢ inx£n aq¥Ta ray¥.

¤rT raxSöra zeg½¥ awarö rwe� ɴt

öqalaq½ ay´¥. nas …ö a…sura

�ölagˆ�t. an¢ ab¢ �r¥lˆmSó

rxîzam¤xo �anölaga r¥xSára

�r¥fx½an ¡�zˆrge�t. ¤rT

�rörh◦u�t …aj◦raönZa S◦ap

mˆrg◦aKacext, axö …aj◦STa

iSgr¥lˆmSo anap¥ SgˆrTax¤ ubri

aK¥nt◦ irTax¥n e�Tnˆfsöxlo nap¥

rˆgm¥jk◦a irx¥ lafSlörc. ¤rT

axSara ne�c◦öj◦an ir¥Zbe�t darö

rˆ‚n¥Ka irgöric. …a e�hö nap¥

r¥dkelara e�hö �S´ˆmar�ax£ ax½Ta

�amˆrk◦a ömla �amˆrk◦ö iSńˆK◦ˆrgo

¤rT ¥rˆZbaz ran¢ rab¢ ianraörh◦a

deda da mama cxovrobdnen sofelSi.

maTi Svilebi qalaqSi swavlobdnen.

Semdeg iq daiwKes muSaoba. ded-mama

roca umweoni gaxdnen, dauZaxes Tavis

Svilebs. maT uxres: aqamde ar

gawuxebdiT, magram axla ar SegviZlia,

xeli gvyirdeba, amitom gvindoda

xandaxan rom mogvxmarebodao, xeli

gamogewodaTo. mogexedaTo. am

Svilebma gadawKvites (molaparakebiT),

rom es mSoblebi TavisTan waeKvanaT.

iq ufro xels SevuwKobTo, ufro

metad advili iqnebao. ar civa, ar

moSivdebaT, mivxedavTo. es rac

gadawKvites, ded-mamas roca uTxres,

ar moewonaT. Semdeg gulic ki

170

¢rg◦amfxe�t. nasg½ˆ rg◦¥ �als�ɴt

iS◦ˆxze� abaafs¥. harö abös hx¥

ham¤x◦aZo hKamlörc mak½öna. mamzar

abös ak◦¥zma haSq◦¥g◦ˆG…az harö

ha‚ˆn¥ hd◦¥lwnˆ Jarg½i hcaaZ£m

S◦arö iS◦Tax¥zar zˆnZasg½¥ hS◦ˆmban.

harö hg◦¥lac◦a bz¢a barbo�t akag¥

hagr¥j…am rˆfs¥ Tanaw¥.

etkinaT. ra dagemarTaT, Cven iqamde ki

ar mivsulvarT, rom ar SegveZlos

Tavis movlao. nuTu amis imedi

gvqondao Tqvenze. Cven Cveni saxlidan

wasvliT sxvaganac ar wavalT. Tqven

Tu gindaT sulac nu mogvxedavTo.

Cvens mezoblebs Zalian vuKvarvarT,

sanam isini cocxlebi iqnebian Cven

mogvexmarebiano.

20) sarö awarö ax½¥zwoz öqalaq½

döara bz¢a izb£�t. ¥sˆmSá

isg◦ölaS◦o�t s‚ˆzc◦a awörö

sc¥zwow. ¤rTi sare� ɴ ösalam S◦K◦q◦ö

habdˆs…e�t. sarö daöra

sazy´lomha…p …rT r¥fsTazaaSa.

harö awarö anöhwoz a…aTax ha‚nön,

höfS◦ma fh◦¥s daöra bziö halb£n.

�arö ubös harg½¥ daab£n. es¥

S´ˆjˆmTön haölarfSúan, nas harö

hC´¡�bahTonawˆ larö hx◦¥ lerx½on,

nös ha� ɴdt◦alanˆ Sˆjx½ö h†£n. ubri

öSTax½ harö awarax½a hc£n. larö

a¤sura. nas harö hanaölak½,

ha�lt◦ölan akrˆ e�cöh†on, nas

larö �ahze�Tölh◦on öj◦abj y´¥cq◦a.

�arö ubös aCń¥ lû¥sura

me sadac vswavlobdi, is qalaqi Za-

lian miKvars. Kovel dGe vigoneb Cem-

Tan rom swavlobdnen im amxanagbs. isi-

ni da me werilebs vugzavniT erTma-

neTs. me Zalian mainteresebs maTi

cxovreba. Cven roca vswavlobdiT,

vcxovrobdiT qiriT. Cvens diasaxliss

Zalian vuKvardiT, Cvenc gviKvarda.

Kovel dilas gvaGviZebda, vidre Cven

vemzadebodiT, is sauzmes gvimzadebda.

Semdeg erTad vsauzmobdiT. amis Sem-

deg Cven saswavlebelSi mivdiodiT, is

midioda samsaxurSi. Semdeg roca Cven

movidodiT, erTad daJdomiT erTad

vyamdiT, Semdeg is gviKveboda axal am-

bebs da agreTve rogor gaatara samu-

Sao dGe. Cven erTad gamovdiodiT ga-

reT. vseirnobdiT mdinaris napiras,

171

Sgˆm‚af¥lgaz. nas harö ha�cn¥

hd◦ˆlw◦an ad◦ax½ˆ. hn¥K◦on aZxöq◦aG½

nas hc£n akin£ax½. a‚ˆn¥ hanöa�lak½

hwaTq◦ö hw£n. nas haSTölon.

hax½ˆSTaz ac◦a hagaanZa �haha¤ön

aZiös abj¥.

Semdeg kinoSi mivdiodiT. saxlSi ro-

ca movdiodiT, vmecadineobdiT. Semdeg

visvenebdiT, wamovwvebodiT, sadac Cven

viweqiT, vidre ar CagveZineboda, mdina-

ris xmas vismendiT.

21) ¢Kan xawak¢ fh◦ˆsk� ¤rT

ˆs¥mSö aTˆZS◦ö r¥man axöwa a‚¥

ax½ˆ¥j◦az az¥n. afh◦¥s ¢lˆx½Zan

sadiö öxawa nötˆg◦. iSöh◦az ¡�fS

Cńök zn¥ dˆr‚ag½ aTˆZS◦ö r£u�t.

ug◦örwnˆ uco�ɴt. sûs uh◦£m

sût◦¥ uh◦£m a‚¥ uCárSn¥

…aak¥ls¤e�t. sg◦ˆ fw◦¡�t …öha

s¥lam lh◦¥�t. arax½ …ara …da

…öhan aZ◦¥ iC´örSn¥ dûb£ndaz

iubarg£z lh◦£n. �arö barö

¡bzamoK◦ ibˆzdf¥ram ök◦amzar

ib¥mou axöwa i‚¥za aZ◦¥ dimo…

JˆbS£ma, ast£l ay´¥ �ant◦£u z¥g½

a‚¥ �arSn¥ ast£l �ax¡�co�t

‚ˆj◦rˆla zˆg½¥ dˆr�öa�uˆ�t u�g½

ak¥r �afso¤p �h◦o�t.

iKvnen qmari da coli. maT

KovelTvis usiamovneba hqondaT. kaci

bevr Gvinos svamda da imitom. qals

erTqva sadia, qmars nategvi. rogorc

vTqviT, erTxel maT usiamovneba

SeemTxvaT. Sen midixar Cemi saqmeao ar

ambob, me mekuTvniso ar ambob, Gvino

daleuli modixar. Cemi guli gatKda

me meti araqaTi ara maqvs. aq Sens

meti aravin Cans, romelic ase svamdes.

Sen ar ici ra qmari gKavs, Sennairi

qmari aravis ar hKavso, Sen ggonia,

roca magidasTan sxedan Kvelas

davarwKuleb GviniTi Kvelani midian,

magididan, smaSi Kvelas vJobni esec

bevrs niSnavso ambobs (qmari).

f¥Trak öSTax½ ¤s iS´¥Ko natˆg◦

…aanZa e�fS´ a‚¥ ˆj◦x◦an ökumk◦a

iq½ö† TawaS◦a daakˆls…e�t usgi

cota xnis Semdeg ase rogorc iKo,

nategvi dauTroblad (cota Gvino

daleviT) Seqeifianebuli movida

(ak¥lsra) ase Tqva: guSin saGamos me

172

ih◦o�ɴt: `�ax½ö sg¤la tag◦i sare�

a‚¥ j◦ra azˆh◦an haise� ɴt, w◦ˆca

cefx½aZö j◦amaöTk ¥q◦wanˆ re�hö

izj◦öh◦a. sarö j◦aw◦¥cak wj◦¢t �arö

aaw◦¥cak. sarö sSáa�ö�z ¡�fS´

aföraq◦a sarö isT◦x¥�t. S◦k¥ ro¤p

�ölwˆzg½¥ iwˆg½ zj◦ön axö a‚¥ y´¥c

iTörT◦az mayörˆn aKnˆt◦ öj◦ra

sc◦¥c◦g½axe�t-ih◦ön ig¤la mˆsa

izi¢q◦uz ¢val ¢iTaz ast£l

in¥q◦iwˆ�t. ¤nan, öj◦xa anc◦ö

iu�mTöa�t abjö afn¥ förada

�anˆ¤j◦a fhölk uj◦¥�t �ax½ö cas

�a…özS◦a iuguwaS◦öze� lh◦¥�t.

da Cemi mezobeli tagvi davnaZlavdiT

Kvela yiqaze 10 maneTi, vin mets

dalevda. me 10 yiqa davlie, iman 8.

ise rogorc me movige, fuli Cemi

gaxda. gamovida 100 maneTi. me ufro

mets davlevdi, magram is axali Gvino

raxan iKo, mayari _ gamiZnelda _

Tqva-ra misma mezobelma rac unda

mieca vali, magidaze dado Jibidan.

deda, GmerTma metad aGar

dagalevinos, fulis gareSe rom svam

Sen svam erT kasrs, guSin saGamos,

TiTqos Jinaze gulze ram dagartKa,

rom meti ver dalieo, uTxra.

22) maSkmaSkmaSkmaSk¤¤¤¤gggg◦ iCiCiCiC ´́́́¡¡¡¡�q�q�q�q◦irSirSirSirS◦ˆ�tˆ�tˆ�tˆ�t maSkugma Tavi uzrunvelKomaSkugma Tavi uzrunvelKomaSkugma Tavi uzrunvelKomaSkugma Tavi uzrunvelKo

maSk¤g◦ öm‚a dan¡lanˆ dSń¡�¤az

Cé�ɴmaak c¥r-c¥r…a iköjnˆ ibön

dg◦ˆrG½aw◦ö �aaST¥xˆn iJ¥ba

imTe�ɴwe�t. ¤sg½ˆ ig◦¥ �öanage�t:

`…aj◦STa x-C¡�maaki C´¥ki k◦adˆrg½I

G◦rak¢ ro¤p is¥gu eg½¥riT z¥g½

r¥la se�q◦S◦£up ih◦e�ɴt C´¡�maa.

zaw◦¥k ak¥r ix£zS◦a.

maSkug◦i gzaze midioda (rogorc mi-

dioda) bryKviala nali dagdebuli

dainaxa. aiGo gaxarebulma da JibeSi

Caido. amrigad misi guli ase fiqrob-

da: axla sami nali erTi cxeni, erTi

unagiri, aGviri aris. me rac ar mKof-

nis esaa, sxva Kvelaferi maqvso-Tqva.

TiTqos erTi nali raimes aZlevda.

23) mansmansmansmans££££u u u u ¢¢¢¢fSfSfSfS ´́́́ T T T T¢¢¢¢iSaiSaiSaiSa rogor Kidda mansou simindsrogor Kidda mansou simindsrogor Kidda mansou simindsrogor Kidda mansou siminds

173

manso¤ abazör ay´¥n dˆq◦g¥lanˆ

öfS´ SíiT¢…az zböz ig◦¥lac◦an

iJaSanˆ �aörh◦¥�t: `manso¤xe�t

izak¤ze� uzy´¤ ucö iT£u

afSńw◦örc eg½iögZam arax½ ¤arö

afS´ sTi¤e�t-h◦a uay´¤p inw◦ör

iS´fa ufs¥x◦o-h◦a. �arö ¤s ih◦o�t

imˆrx½aaZak◦a: a…öa �anˆrTi¢…a

isTi¥p �aanörx◦ˆg½ˆ �ösx◦ot, �ösx◦ap.

¤� az¥n eg½sˆx½¤am.

mansou bazarSi rogorc idga

(rogorc Kidda siminds) rom naxes,

mezoblebma gakvirvebiT mas ase

uTxres: `mansou ras akeTeb Seni

sasiminde Sig rac aris simindi ukve

Tavdeba cota rCeba, Sen ki aq hKidio,

Tu dagimTavrdeba, ras izamo? `man ase

uTxra; advilad~: _ roca xalxi Kidis

mec gavKidi, roca iKidis, mec viKidi,

amisgan araferi ar moxdebao.

24) xxxx½½½½wˆswˆswˆswˆs xwes qalis saxeliaxwes qalis saxeliaxwes qalis saxeliaxwes qalis saxelia

x½w¥s lˆ¤Tra aJmaq◦a Tölan ak¥

�afsömk◦a iKarwˆ�ɴt. lg◦¥ fej◦j◦£

aq◦¥Jmaq◦a S◦e�mˆrw◦aö�t h◦ö ¢lboz

ST¥xnˆ dr¥S◦ale�t, axö drˆx½Z£

dˆKax¥zma �ankaw◦ca le‚enˆKa

daagˆjit. abörway´ˆ ikˆdyáh◦ölaz

öbSt◦a danödgela ¢lkˆz labö

nax¥lK½ˆ�t, lg◦ˆf j◦j◦ara ¤�

�ax¥lgarc. ar¢ zbaz lx◦ˆy´¥

dˆbajg◦alöm…a dnakedg¥lan ¢Kabwo

zakuzi di ari öJma �axarauze� T¥nC

�yáho¤pi ih◦e�t. ör¢g½ˆ Jmömi ¤rT

öbgaq◦a e�mˆrw◦öSá �ax½o¤galökg½ˆ

iS´Jmo¤ �aanxo�ɴt lh◦ön dˆr‚¥g½

xwesis bostanSi Txebi Sevidnen,

Kvelaferi gaafuyes, araferi datoves.

guli cudad gauxda ra, mglebma

Segyamono, rom dainaxa imiT gaekida,

magram daweva ver SeZlo, roca isini

wavidnen, Tavis saxlSi dabrunda

aivanze mibmuli Txa rac idga da Joxi

romelic eyira imiT daartKa. guli

gabrazebuli hqonda guls amiTi

imSvidebda. es rom naxa bavSvma baJ-

baJiT movida `ras akeTeb deda am Txam

ra dagiSavao, es dinJiao, ras giSliso

uTxra: esec Tra aris, rac ar unda

iKos Txa Txa ariso, meored kidev

daartKa Joxi.

174

¢lkaz alabö nax¥lK½ˆ�t.

25) ancancancanc◦öööö �umh �umh �umh �umh◦öööönnnn GmerTma nu qnasGmerTma nu qnasGmerTma nu qnasGmerTma nu qnas

S´ˆ¤g◦ daag¥lazar aus¤razˆ

z¥bGa fw◦az �ak◦ˆn, daaSa‚¥n sˆ‚ˆn¥

ih◦£mˆzt sg◦öra ih◦£mˆzt iC´¥�

�k◦ad¥ri e�q◦wan¥ �abˆ�n¥rxri,

�abe�n¥rwri-h◦a dg◦örˆn. us fS´¥Kaz

fsx◦rök aKn¥ ig◦afxöz TˆJhök

diih◦o�ɴt. aCara anˆrˆ…o öSTax½

� ɴ…ak öw◦ca kn¥ dˆx½n¥h◦oz ¤s

ih◦o�ɴt: S¥ga …aj◦STa, fasa uzyq◦öz

urK◦öwnˆ u‚ˆn¥ ug◦öra …öcxraa

aro¤p. eg½ö umh◦ön uSTö uxöwoup-

h◦a S¥q◦ i…a i¢h◦az öj◦a dnaf¥ulanˆ

anc◦ö �umh◦ön. fh◦¥s danaö�ga

dˆS´falarK◦ˆSi-h◦a, szˆrh◦o

nac◦öla sˆ�badˆrb£ sˆ�c◦amxozar

sˆ�G½xo ih◦ˆ�t.

Seg◦s bavSvobidan saqmis gakeTeba ar

uKvarda, welmotexiliviT iKo

ezareboda, saxli ar enaGvleboda,

ezo ar enaGvleboda. cxenze unagirs

daadgamda sad ra eyama imas fiqrobda,

sad ra enaxa dadioda. ase rogorc

iKo mogonebis dGeze beberi Sinabera

naxa, moewona da SeirTo. rom

damTavrda qorwili yiqiT xelSi

usurva ase uTxra: Seg◦ adre Sen adre

arafers ar uKurebdi, magram axla

unda moeSvao magaso~. ukve unda iKo

oJaxis kaci, is dro aGar aris, rom

zarmacobdio, GmerTma nu qnas, rom

ise iaroo, rogorc adreo. axla rom

aGar viaro, ase egonebaT, rom colis

ykuaze davdivaro, isev ise unda

ganvagrZoo.

26) afhafhafhafh◦¥¥¥¥zba aCzba aCzba aCzba aCööööJ de�J de�J de�J de� ɴɴ ɴɴlahan axlahan axlahan axlahan axöööö qaliSvilqaliSvilqaliSvilqaliSvilssss gamocxvari undoda gamocxvari undoda gamocxvari undoda gamocxvari undoda, , , ,

magrammagrammagrammagram............

bziö e�ɴbaboz arfˆs bak¥ afh◦¥s

bak¢ ögaw◦a �övalanˆ iSń¡�…az ahöva

cq½a lbaödo, e�c◦öjro, aCaJ Ti�rTa

�anavala afh◦¥zba aCaJ de�lahan us

lh◦o�t: ìzök◦ †‚¥ xaa¤ze�

erTmaneTi rom uKvardaT biyi da

gogo zGvis napiras rogorc

midiodnen, haer(s) sufTa Klapavdnen,

laparakobdnen, sadac gamoacxves aCaJ

iq mividnen da uTxra(d) `ra kargi

175

ilahöla(höva ök◦Sa-mˆk◦Sa öne�-öa�ra

ak¥r �afs£u. �arö �aa�ɴx◦arZ iCáz¢-

imk¥k◦an ¤s yáa� ɴTo�t: ibTax¥zar

daCá-zn¥k haal¥�-…e�p ih◦o�t.

suni trialebs aq siaruli ra

kargiao~ man(k) araferi ar uTxra ra,

ase uTxra: `Tu ginda kidev

gagatarebo~ uTxra biyma.

27) sarö awöra sanölga öSTax½

a¤s z¤an S´ˆq◦s¥k Tˆfkay´¥ uaa

öfx½a sanölaga bz¢a izb£n, axö

öSTax½ isc◦ˆm£lxo sölage�t. nös

is¥Zbe�t daC´ö T¥fk ax½ s�ösˆrc; us

ug½iKaswe�t. uaj◦¥ sarö �öarlasnˆ

sd◦¥q◦lo�t …öx½ öusura. �rh◦£�t

¤a aT¥f daara �fS´Z o…p-h◦a, axa

sara isˆmbac. …aj◦¥ scan¥

sax◦afSúe�ɴt. nös v¥mS´ _ xˆmS´

rˆSáTax½ sc£�t ¤sura S´ˆq◦sˆk

öKara, �sg◦afxör ¢wˆgˆ söangelo�t.

S◦arg½ˆ S◦ara S◦n¥� sarö sax½,

iS◦s¥rbaap, aT¥f fS´Zaraq◦a.

me cota davamTavre saswavlebeli,

erTsa da imave adgilas vmuSaobdi 1

wlis ganmavlobaSi. pirvel xanebSi is

adgili miKvarda, magram Semdeg aGar

momwonda Semdeg sxva adgilas

gadasvla gadavwKvite. asec gavakeTe.

axla male waval iq samuSaod. amboben

rom is adgili Zalian lamaziao,

magram me ar minaxavs. axla waval da

vnaxav. Semdeg sami-oTxi dGis Semdeg

waval samuSaod, 1 wliT, Tu

momewoneba, kidev davrCebi. Tqvenc

modiT CemTan, gaCvenebT karg

adgilebs.

28) ¢Kan fsh◦¥skixöwaki, ¤rT

bzian¥ ¢nxon. a¤sura bzia irb£n.

darö dr¥man fö zaw◦¥k u�

dann◦ˆyˆz dx◦¥yˆ bz¢an, dK◦¥Sˆn,

a¤sura bz¢a �ɴbon, dh◦öt◦ xawö‚en,

axa dˆduxo danaalaga daaS£

iKvnen erTi col-qmari. isini kargad

cxovrobdnen. muSaoba uKvardaT. maT

hKavdaT erTaderTi vaji. roca is

patara iKo, Zalian kargi iKo, ykviani,

muSaoba uKvarda, damJeri iKo, magram

roca zrda daiwKo zarmaci gaxda.

176

daaSa‚xˆ�t. anöx½ ucöh◦a �örh◦ar

�arö daC´ö gank¥ ax½ dd◦¥q◦lon,

ubas iS´ˆKaz ax◦ˆyˆ dibˆ¥�t: yk¤nak.

u�� ar¡� e�ɴbadˆrt. nas e�cn¥

öqalaqax½ ic¥�t. …a �rbe�ɴt aZ◦¥

dˆpKan¥, nas dy¾ah◦an¥ dS¾ˆrgoz.

ar¢ zak¤ze�-h◦ö dan� ɴaazwaa öyk◦ˆn

¤s �h◦ˆ�t: ar¢ ¢rgo �l¡�S◦a

c◦g½özaarˆn. �öni, �öbi

drˆzx¤cuamzaarˆn. umbr¢ azo¤p

dˆrT¥ric rˆmbj�t ih◦e�t. ar¢

öyk◦ˆn x◦ˆy¥ döara darx¤cit usg½¥

ig◦¥ iT¡�k�t: `…aj◦STa axaan söni

söbi rh◦at◦¥ sax¥foh◦a.

roca mas eubnebodnen aqeT wadio,

iqiT midioda. ase rogorc iKo, erTi

bavSvi dainaxa. maT erTmaneTi gaicnes

Semdeg erTad qalaqSi wavidnen, iq

naxes, rom erTi kaci cemes da Semdeg

Sekruli waiKvanes. es ra ariso biyma

roca hkiTxa, biyma ase uTxra: es vinc

mihKavdaT, dauJerebeli iKo. Tavis

mSoblebs ar uJerebdao. amis gamo

gaKidva gadawKviteso, uTxra. es

patara biyi Zalian dafiqrda. ase

gadawKvita: àmis Semdeg Cems dedas da

mamas davuJerebo~.

29) d¥Kan ZGöbk u� daara

dˆfS´Zan, leKazSá bzian, ubri, az¥

le‚¥zc◦a zeg½¥ bz¢a d¥bron lara

il¥man a‚¥zc◦a racan¥. axö urT

zeg-ˆ rax¥nt aZ◦ˆ e�hö de�G½alSon.

�ahö dlzaö�g◦an. Cńak urT a�‚ˆzc◦a

e�cn¥ ice�t nˆK◦arö urT

ir¥q◦S◦e�t ayár rac◦an¥ urTi

darei e�badˆrt. ar¢ öZGab bz¢a

aZ◦¥ de�g◦afx¡�t larg½ˆ iKazSaq◦ö

ixˆmˆ‚afgöSa lg◦afx¡�t. ¤s �ce� ɴt

iKo erTi gogo is Zalian lamazi

iKo. xasiaTi kargi hqonda, amitom mis

amxanagebs igi Zalian uKvardaT. mas

hKavda bevri amxanag(eb)i. magram Kvelas

Soris erTi uKvarda (undoda) axlos

iKo metad. erTxel es amxanagebi

erTad wavidnen saseirnod. saseirnod

rom iKvnen, iq SexvdaT bevri

axalgazrdebi. maT erTmaneTi gaicnes.

am gogos erTs moewona, misi xasiaTi

da manerebi moewona. masac moewona.

ase gavida bevri dro. isini erTmaneTs

177

öamTak¥r ¤rT ösalam S◦K◦q◦a

r¥bjˆs¤an esnög½. Cńök zn¥ öZGab

l‚¥za daalögan ösalam S◦K◦ˆ larö

�‚ˆn¥ öyk◦ˆn iK¥nt◦ ökuS◦a inöganˆ

l‚¡za ilelT¥�t, il‚¢t, larö

barö bˆsTax¥mh◦a sarö ¤öha bˆsTaxˆ-

h◦ö. abös lu�t aZGab `bzia~.

werilebs ugzavnidnen. erTxel

amxanagma gogom werili dawera, viTom

biys dawerili iKo, ise misca Tavis

amxanags. me Sen metad aGar mindixar,

ase moiqca `kargi~ gogo.

30) ax◦ˆy¥ danx◦ˆyu dax½öx◦o

lwöKa ah◦ˆmsag ˆwarwo�t. u�

aj◦¥t◦a aax¥s wös ir¥moup. u�

�aanago�ɴt h◦ö ifx½öZoup ax◦ˆy¥

¤axˆnla l¥c◦a T¥nCxaric. a‚¥sTaa

ag¥zmal delferhögamxarc.

roca bavSvi pataraa sadac Zinavs,

qveS mis qveS cocxs deben. ase Zveli

droidan wesi gvaqvs. es niSnavs

iTvleba bavSvma Game bednierad,

wKnarad iZinos rom eSmakebi da cudi

qalebi, kudianebi daafrTxoso.

178

leq s i ko n ile q s i ko n ile q s i ko n ile q s i ko n i

aaaa

öaaaa 1. urTxeli.

öaaaa 3. Rvedi.

aaaaögaragaragaragara (iaaigo�t, iaaige�t) motana

(moaqvs, moitana).

öazax�aazax�aazax�aazax�a buTxuza.

öaTgˆlara aTgˆlara aTgˆlara aTgˆlara (daaTg¥lé�t) SeCereba

(SeCerda).

öaiaiaiai ho, ki, diax.

aaiguaaiguaaiguaaiguö 1. axlo, axlos, maxloblad.

aaaaöira ira ira ira (daöi…e�t, daö�t) mosvla (modis,

movida).

öakˆJgˆlaraakˆJgˆlaraakˆJgˆlaraakˆJgˆlara (daak¥le�t) Semovla

(Semoiara).

öamTaamTaamTaamTa dro, Jami, xani.

öamˆsTaamˆsTaamˆsTaamˆsTa aznauri.

öamˆSTax�amˆSTax�amˆSTax�amˆSTax� Semdeg.

öndandandanda Robe.

öandavandavandavandav¥¥¥¥xxxx (aR¤) yuaficari.

öankˆlaraankˆlaraankˆlaraankˆlara (iaan¢kˆle�t) 1. gaCereba

(gaaCera).

öapkraapkraapkraapkra (iaapk…¡�t, iaapk�t) gacofeba

(cofdeba, gacofda).

öaraaraaraara brali, danaSauli.

aaraaraaraarö (daöue�t, daö�t) 1. mosvla

(modis, movida).

öartraartraartraartra (iaairt…¡�t, iaairt�t) gaReba

(aRebs, gaaRo).

öarfSarfSarfSarfS ´́́́ra ra ra ra (iaairfS´�t) gamoaSkaraveba

(gamoaaSkarava).

öarharharharh◦rararara (iaairh◦�t) mobruneba

(moabruna).

aafTraafTraafTraafTrö (mwyemsebis sazamTro sadgomi

adgili barSi.

öafsara afsara afsara afsara (daafs¡�t) daRla (daiRala).

öafSafSafSafS◦ra ra ra ra (daafS´…¡�t, daafS´�t) moxedva

(aqeT ixedeba, moixeda).

öafxafxafxafx½½½½araaraaraara (daöifx½o�t, daöifx½e�t)

moxmoba (ixmobs, moixmo).

öafˆn afˆn afˆn afˆn gazafxuli.

öaSaaSaaSaaSa zarmaci.

öSTraSTraSTraSTra (daa¢ST�t) 1. gamogzavna

(gamogzavna), gamoSveba (gamouSva).

öaSˆSaSˆSaSˆSaSˆS (mr. öaSaraq◦a) maCvi.

öaZamTaaZamTaaZamTaaZamTa gazrdili, gamozrdili.

öaZara aZara aZara aZara 1. (diaaZ£�t, diaaZ¡�t) zrda

(zrdis, zarda).

öaZara aZara aZara aZara 2. (iaaZ£�t, iaaZ¡�t) mowvdoma

(aqamde wvdeba mowvda).

aawaawaawaaw◦ö tomara.

aaWaaWaaWaaWö wvrili Rvedi, Tasma.

aaWˆcaaWˆcaaWˆcaaWˆc sibrZnis kbili.

öaxaraaxaraaxaraaxara (iöaxe�t) moxvedra (moxvda);

aaaaöxxxx◦araaraaraara (iaöix◦o�t, iaöix◦e�t) 1. yidva

(yidulobs, iyida).

öahiraahiraahiraahira (daah◦�t) mobruneba (mobrunda).

aa‚raaa‚raaa‚raaa‚ra (iaö‚ue�t, iaö‚�t) xmis moRweva.

abababab 1. mama.

abababab 2. boti, vaci.

öbaabaabaabaa gamxdari.

ababababönTnTnTnT isini, igini.

ababababörTrTrTrT eseni, egeni.

öbaSrabaSrabaSrabaSra (diöbaSue�t, diöbaS�t) omoba

(eomeba, eoma).

öbaZZeibaZZeibaZZeibaZZei ZiZis qmari, gamzrdeli.

öbdu bdu bdu bdu papa. babua.

abifabifabifabifözawi zawi zawi zawi dediserTa (vaJi).

abiabiabiabi----ffff¡¡¡¡iiii mama-Svili.

öbragbragbragbrag½½½½ yaCaRi, avazaki, firali.

bbbb

aaaa----babababaö 1. cixe-simagre.

aaaa----baafsrbaafsrbaafsrbaafsrö 1. boroteba.

ö----bbbböaZaaZaaZaaZa sveli.

öbbbbörwa rwa rwa rwa aivani.

aaaa----bbbbötttt zaqi.

aaaa----baRrbaRrbaRrbaRr¡¡¡¡�� beRura, WivWavi.

ö----bgabgabgabga 1. saerTo saxelia mglisa,

turisa, meliasi.

aaaa----bgbgbgbgörararara mewyeri.

aaaa----bgarbgarbgarbgar¥¥¥¥mZmZmZmZ (bzif.). cicinaTela, elvana.

aaaa----bgaxuWˆbgaxuWˆbgaxuWˆbgaxuWˆ 1. tura.

aaaa----bgbgbgbg¥¥¥¥ZarZarZarZar Sindi.

179

aaaa----bbbb¡¡¡¡iaiaiaia mdidari.

aaaa----bzbzbzbz ena.

aaaa----bzbzbzbzö cocxali.

ö----bzamˆyu bzamˆyu bzamˆyu bzamˆyu suleli, briyvi.

aaaa----bzarbzarbzarbzarö sicocxle.

aaaa----bzbzbzbz¢¢¢¢aaaa, , , , bzbzbzbz¢¢¢¢aaaa kargi, keTili.

aaaa----bzbzbzbz¢¢¢¢abaraabaraabaraabara (mz¢a dîb£�t, mz¢a

dîb¡�t) siyvaruli, Seyvareba (uyvars,

Seuyvarda).

mzmzmzmz¢¢¢¢alaalaalaala!!!! mSvidobiT! naxvamdis!

bzbzbzbz¢¢¢¢a uba uba uba uböaitaitaitait! gagimarjos!

aaaa----bzbzbzbz¥¥¥¥cccc◦aSaaSaaSaaSa ZiZis Ze, ZuZumte, ZiZis

Svili vaJi.

aaaa----bzbzbzbz¥¥¥¥cccc◦ahahahah◦SaSaSaSa ZiZis asuli, ZiZis Svili

qali, ZuZumte qali.

aaaa----bbbb¢¢¢¢aaaa bia, komSi.

ö----biaSa ifbiaSa ifbiaSa ifbiaSa ifö biZaSvili vaJi (mamis Zmisa).

öbiaSa ifhbiaSa ifhbiaSa ifhbiaSa ifhö biZaSvili (mamis Zmis) qali.

ö----biaSa ifhbiaSa ifhbiaSa ifhbiaSa ifh◦¥¥¥¥ssss bicola (mamis Zmis

coli).

ö----biahbiahbiahbiah◦Sa lfhSa lfhSa lfhSa lfhö mamidaSvili (qali).

ö----biaSaZarabiaSaZarabiaSaZarabiaSaZara RviZli biZa (mamis mxriv).

ö----biahbiahbiahbiah◦SaZaraSaZaraSaZaraSaZara RviZli mamida.

ö----blablablabla Tvali.

ö----blasarkblasarkblasarkblasark½½½½aaaa saTvale.

aaaa----blblblbl¢¢¢¢ssss eSmaki.

ö----bnabnabnabna tye.

aaaa----bnaua‚bnaua‚bnaua‚bnaua‚¥¥¥¥ tyis kaci, qaji.

aaaa----bnbnbnbnöcccc◦ xariremi.

aaaa----bnawbnawbnawbnaw◦ö maJalo, patara vaSli.

aaaa----bnCbnCbnCbnC ´́́́öcccc◦ xariremi.

aaaa----bbbb££££uraurauraura boseli.

ö----bJaandbJaandbJaandbJaandö Zgide, tixari.

aaaa----bJbJbJbJörararara Sua, Soris.

aaaa----bJbJbJbJössss (literaturaSi) vefxvi.

aaaa----bJabJabJabJawarwarwarwarö (ibJöiwe�t) visime an risame

Soris dadeba (Soris dado).

bJbabJbabJbabJba Svidi (araadamiani).

aaaa----bJbJbJbJ¡¡¡¡iiii Zmari.

aaaa----bJoubJik bJoubJik bJoubJik bJoubJik ofofi.

aaaa----bJbJbJbJ¥¥¥¥ xma.

aaaa----bJˆnw bJˆnw bJˆnw bJˆnw ieli.

bJ‚ˆkbJ‚ˆkbJ‚ˆkbJ‚ˆk Svidi (adamiani).

aaaa----bRbRbRbRöbbbb jixvi, xar-jixvi.

öbRbRbRbRöjma jma jma jma Suni.

aaaa----bRbRbRbR½¥½¥½¥½¥ foToli.

ö----bStbStbStbSt◦a a a a sakvlavi (dakodili boti).

aaaa----bwarbwarbwarbwarö (ibw£�t, ibw¡�t) mka,

TavTavebis moWra (mkis, momka).

aaaa----bWbWbWbW¥¥¥¥ wiTela.

aaaa----bhibhibhibhiö qliavi.

ö----bˆb bˆb bˆb bˆb mtveri.

aaaa----bbbb¥¥¥¥bcbcbcbc caxe.

aaaa----bˆzkaTbˆzkaTbˆzkaTbˆzkaTöhahahaha oboba, babaWua, feiqara.

aaaa----bˆzkaTbˆzkaTbˆzkaTbˆzkaTöharaharaharahara ablabuda, obobas qseli.

ö----bˆzSbˆzSbˆzSbˆzS◦aaaa ena (metyvelebis

mniSvnelobiT).

ö----bˆlrabˆlrabˆlrabˆlra (ibˆl…¡�t, ibˆl�t) wva, dawva

(wvavs, dawva).

aaaa----bˆnkutbˆnkutbˆnkutbˆnkut¥¥¥¥ xoxobi.

aaaa----bˆnCbˆnCbˆnCbˆnC ´́́́ö fur-iremi.

aaaa----bˆnhbˆnhbˆnhbˆnh◦ö gareuli Rori, taxi.

aaaa----bbbb¥¥¥¥rlaSrlaSrlaSrlaS ´́́́, , , , abˆrlˆSabˆrlˆSabˆrlˆSabˆrlˆS ´́́́ margaliti.

aaaa----bˆrWmbˆrWmbˆrWmbˆrWmön n n n ekala.

aaaa----bˆrbˆrbˆrbˆr†¥†¥†¥†¥nnnn abreSumi.

aaaa----bbbb¥¥¥¥sTasTasTasTa Romi.

aaaa----bˆybˆybˆybˆy◦. kvirti, kokori.

aaaa----b‚b‚b‚b‚ö spilenZi.

gggg

ö----gagagaga zRva.

ö----gagagagagagagaga aCrdili, landi.

aaaa----gandgandgandgandöllll gamdeli, gadia.

aaaa----gargargargarö (ig¡it) waReba (waiRo), wayvana

(waiyvana).

aaaa----garanwgaranwgaranwgaranwö akvnis bavSvi, qorfa, Cvili.

aaaa----gaZgaZgaZgaZö suleli briyvi.

aaaa----gaZargaZargaZargaZarö sibriyve, sisulele.

aaaa----gggg◦ˆ̂̂̂ guli.

aaaa----gggg◦abanabanabanabanöqqqq½½½½ gvabanaki.

aaaa----gggg◦az‚araz‚araz‚araz‚arö (ig◦ iz‚o�t, ig◦ iz‚¡�t)

eWvis, gumanis qona.

aaaa----gggg◦öTaraTaraTaraTara (ig◦öiTe�t) SemCneva

(SeamCnia), SeniSvna (SeniSna).

aaaa----gggg◦ök�ak�ak�ak�a 1. RviZli.

aaaa----gggg◦ölaSlaSlaSlaS◦araaraaraara (ig◦ölaS◦o�t, ig◦ölaS◦e�t)

mogoneba (agondeba, moagonda).

aaaa----gggg◦ömmmm nagavi.

180

aaaa----gggg◦örararara Robe.

aaaa----gggg◦örfrfrfrf kar-midamo.

aaaa----gggg◦afxarafxarafxarafxarö (ig◦afx£�t, ig◦afx´¡�t)

mowoneba (moswons, moewona).

aaaa----gggg◦öR�R�R�R� kurka.

aaaa----gggg◦öSSSS◦ WiSkari, alayafis karebi.

aaaa----gggg◦awawawaw◦ö RviZli.

aaaa----gggg◦ö‚a‚a‚a‚a futuro, fuRuro.

aaaa----gggg◦bJbJbJbJ¥¥¥¥nacnacnacnac◦a a a a Sua TiTi.

aaaa----gggg◦bˆl‚bˆl‚bˆl‚bˆl‚¥¥¥¥ gulSematkivari.

aaaa----gggg¤¤¤¤dwaradwaradwaradwara (ig¤diwe�t) srola (esvris,

esrola).

aaaa----gggg◦¡¡¡¡ilgarailgarailgarailgara sazrianoba.

aaaa----gggg◦TTTTö Sua; SuaSi; Suaze.

aaaa----gggg¤¤¤¤i ai ai ai agggg◦awiawiawiawi¡¡¡¡iiii gul-RviZli, jigari.

aaaa----gggg¤¤¤¤la la la la mezobeli.

ö----gggg◦nahanahanahanaha codva.

aaaa----gggg¤¤¤¤JJJJ jori.

aaaa----gggg¤¤¤¤JJJJ◦pa pa pa pa gadat. gulqva, ugrZnobeli,

sqelkaniani

aaaa----gggg◦ˆrˆrˆrˆr nemsi.

aaaa----gggg◦rrrrömga mga mga mga daundobeli, gautaneli,

upiro.

aaaa----gggg◦rgrgrgrg¤¤¤¤l l l l 1. rgoli.

aaaa----gggg◦ˆrRˆrRˆrRˆrR◦RRRR◦ararararö (ig◦ irR…R…¡�t)

gamxneveba (amxnevebs, gaamxneva).

aaaa----gggg¤¤¤¤rR�ararR�ararR�ararR�ara (dg◦rR�o�t, dg◦rRe�t)

gaxareba (xarobs, gaixara).

aaaa----gggg◦ryryryry¤¤¤¤dddd cercvi.

aaaa----gggg◦ˆr‚ˆr‚ˆr‚ˆr‚ö dardi, javri.

aaaa----gggg◦ˆfSˆfSˆfSˆfS ´́́́qaqaqaqa gulCvili.

aaaa----gggg◦fSfSfSfS ´́́́qaxaraqaxaraqaxaraqaxara (ig◦ˆ fS´qax´¡�t) gulis

aCuyeba (guli auCuyda).

aaaa----gggg◦ˆRraˆRraˆRraˆRra (dg¤Rúe�t, dg¤R´�t)

imedovneba (imedovnebs, imedovna),

imedis qona (imedi aqvs, imedi hqonda).

ö----gggg◦R�raR�raR�raR�ra (iguR¢t) beJva, gabedva

(gabeda).

aaaa----gggg◦SSSS ´́́́ffff¥¥¥¥ mkerdi, gulmkerdi.

aaaa----gggg◦CCCCömamamama gava.

aaaa----gggg◦ZZZZö aS aS aS aS ´́́́¥¥¥¥lalalala guZa lingi, wminda

fqvili.

aaaa----gggg◦xxxx½½½½öagaraagaraagaraagara (ig◦x�öaigo�t, ig◦x�öaige�t)

monatreba (enatreba, moenatra).

aaaa----gggg◦ˆhˆhˆhˆh◦ffff¥¥¥¥ qalis ZuZu.

aaaa----gggg◦‚‚‚‚örararara eWvi, gumani.

ö----gxaragxaragxaragxara (¢ge�t) kleba, dakleba

(daaklda).

aaaa----gˆgSgˆgSgˆgSgˆgS◦¥¥¥¥gggg mxeci.

ö----gˆzmalgˆzmalgˆzmalgˆzmal eSmaki.

aaaa----gggg¥¥¥¥lara lara lara lara 1. simaRle, tani.

aaaa----gggg¥¥¥¥laralaralaralara 2. (dg¥le�t) 1. adgoma

(adga).

aaaa----gˆmTgˆmTgˆmTgˆmT¥¥¥¥ susti, uRono.

aaaa----gggg¥¥¥¥nWnWnWnW◦ˆsˆsˆsˆs burvaki.

ö----gˆrtigˆrtigˆrtigˆrti bneda.

aaaa----gˆrtigˆrtigˆrtigˆrti¥¥¥¥lalalala samegrelo.

aaaa----gggg½½½½ödddd gedi.

aaaa----gggg½½½½ömamamama gemo.

ö----gggg½½½½aJ aJ aJ aJ borbali.

ö----geJrageJrageJrageJra (dgeJ…¡�t, dgeJ�t) 1. triali

(trialebs, itriala), brunva (brunavs

ibruna).

aaaa----gggg¢¢¢¢llll vardi.

dddd

aaaa----ddddö ZarRvi.

ddddöara ara ara ara Zalian; metad.

aaaa----dalgdalgdalgdalgö talRa, zvirTi.

aaaa----damdamdamdamöyyyy½½½½a a a a brtyeli.

aaaa----damrdamrdamrdamrö akldama.

aaaa----daJdaJdaJdaJ◦ gombeSo, myvari.

dardardardarö isini.

aaaa----darddarddarddard¥¥¥¥ kviristavi.

aaaa----daudaudaudauöfSfSfSfS devi.

aaaa----daumˆJxadaumˆJxadaumˆJxadaumˆJxa devi.

aaaa----dadadada¤¤¤¤, , , , adauadauadauadau¥¥¥¥ devi.

aaaa----daRaWdaRaWdaRaWdaRaW¢¢¢¢aaaa kiborCxali, kirCxibi.

ö----daRdaRdaRdaR½½½½ bayayi.

aaaa----daSmdaSmdaSmdaSmö iataki.

aaaa----ddddöSSSS ´́́́ myesi.

ö----daSdaSdaSdaS ´́́́SSSS ´́́́ˆlaraˆlaraˆlaraˆlara (d¢daS´S´ˆle�t) samZimris

Tqma (samZimari uTxra).

daCdaCdaCdaC ´́́́ö sxva sxvanairi; meore.

daCdaCdaCdaC ´́́́aznaznaznazn¥¥¥¥ sxva dros.

daCdaCdaCdaC ´́́́ökkkk, , , , daCdaCdaCdaC ´́́́akâkâkâkˆ sxva; kidev erTi

(araadamiani).

daCdaCdaCdaC ´́́́aZaZaZaZ◦¥¥¥¥ sxva; kidev erTi (adamiani).

181

daCdaCdaCdaC ´́́́öjarajarajarajara sxvagan, sxva adgilas.

aaaa----ddddöcccc fesvi.

ö----dgˆlara dgˆlara dgˆlara dgˆlara 2. (didgˆl¡�t) visime an

risame gverdiT dadgoma (visime an

risame gverdiT dadga).

ö----dgdgdgdg½½½½ˆl ˆl ˆl ˆl 1. miwa, miwa-wyali.

ö----dgdgdgdg½½½½ˆlbgaraˆlbgaraˆlbgaraˆlbgara mewyeri.

ö----dgdgdgdg½½½½ˆlbJaxaˆlbJaxaˆlbJaxaˆlbJaxa kunZuli.

ö----dgdgdgdg½½½½ˆlbJˆndaˆlbJˆndaˆlbJˆndaˆlbJˆnda yeli.

ö----dgdgdgdg½½½½ˆlwˆsraˆlwˆsraˆlwˆsraˆlwˆsra miwisZvra.

ö----dgdgdgdg½½½½ˆlˆlˆlˆl----wwww◦aaaa miwa-vaSla; Sdr. aW¥rkua.

aaaa----dikdikdikdik◦önnnn diakvani, diakoni.

aaaa----dddd¢¢¢¢nnnn sarwmunoeba.

aaaa----dundundundun¡¡¡¡iiii msoflio, samyaro,

wuTisofeli, qveyniereba.

aaaa----dRrdRrdRrdRr¥¥¥¥JJJJ◦aaaa erTgvari namcxvari kvercxiT,

TafliTa da dumis qoniT Sezavebuli.

ö----dCafalaradCafalaradCafalaradCafalara (iödiCafale�t) miWedva

(miaWeda).

ö----dwaradwaradwaradwara (¥diwe�t) mixurva (mixura).

aaaa----dˆddˆddˆddˆd----macmacmacmac◦ˆsˆsˆsˆs elva-quxili.

ö----dˆdradˆdradˆdradˆdra (idˆdu¡�t, idˆd�t) 1.

daquxeba (quxs, daiquxa), Weqa, daWeqeba

(Weqs, daiWeqa).

aaaa----dddd¥¥¥¥rrrr nacnobi.

aaaa----dˆrganwdˆrganwdˆrganwdˆrganw¥¥¥¥xuaxuaxuaxua boloqanqala,

Toxitaria, mabzakuna.

aaaa----dˆrddˆrddˆrddˆrd¥¥¥¥ TiTistari.

aaaa----dddd¥¥¥¥rrarrarrarra (id¥r…e�t, id¥r�t) 1. codna,

(icis, icoda).

dˆr‚dˆr‚dˆr‚dˆr‚ögggg½½½½, , , , dˆr‚egdˆr‚egdˆr‚egdˆr‚eg½½½½ kidev.

aaaa----dddd◦kkkkörSrSrSrS◦ra ra ra ra bari, vake.

aaaa----dddd◦¥¥¥¥ mindori, veli.

aaaa----dddd◦¥¥¥¥bgabgabgabga mela, melia.

aaaa----dddd◦¥¥¥¥qularaqularaqularaqulara (dd◦¥q…le�t) 1.

gamgzavreba (gaemgzavra), wasvla

(wavida), gzas gadgoma (gzas gaudga).

aaaa----dddd◦¥¥¥¥RRRRbabababa matarebeli.

eeee

egegegeg½½½½ö 1. ramdenic.

eiTeiTeiTeiTö isev, kvlav, kidev.

¡¡¡¡imgimgimgimg◦adu adu adu adu orsuli, fexmZime; Sdr. ad¤.

¡¡¡¡iJiJiJiJ◦lo… lo… lo… lo… erTgvari, erTgvarovani,

Tanagvari.

eifSeifSeifSeifS ´́́́nnnn¥¥¥¥ erTnairad.

¡¡¡¡iRiRiRiR½½½½nˆnˆnˆnˆ ukeT, ukeTesad, umjobesad.

e�Seie�Seie�Seie�Sei----eheheheh◦SSSS¡¡¡¡�� da-Zma.

¡¡¡¡�Zbua�Zbua�Zbua�Zbua modaveni.

e�we�we�we�wö ufro cota, ufro naklebi.

e�hae�hae�hae�ha 1. meti.

¡¡¡¡�‚ˆrfo… �‚ˆrfo… �‚ˆrfo… �‚ˆrfo… Suaze, orad gaxeTqili.

enakenakenakenak¤¤¤¤zaalakzaalakzaalakzaalak½½½½ arasdros, arasodes.

ererereröznakznakznakznak, , , , eraznakeraznakeraznakeraznak¥¥¥¥ ucbad, erTbaSad,

maSinaTve, dauyovnebliv.

esaaSesaaSesaaSesaaS ´́́́öcfxcfxcfxcfx½½½½aZaaZaaZaaZa yovel cismare dRes.

esuaxesuaxesuaxesuaxö yovelRam.

esq�esq�esq�esq�¥¥¥¥nag�gnag�gnag�gnag�g, , , , esqesqesqesq½½½½ˆngˆngˆngˆng½¥½¥½¥½¥ mudam, yovelTvis.

esCesCesCesC ´́́́nnnn¥¥¥¥ yoveldRe.

esesesesˆmzˆmzˆmzˆmzö yovelTve, yovelTviurad.

esˆmSesˆmSesˆmSesˆmS ´́́́ö yoveldRe.

ö----eSaeSaeSaeSa Zma.

ö----eSafaeSafaeSafaeSafa Zmiswuli

ö----eSeSeSeS ´́́́ ciyvi, TriTina, Tria.

ö----ewewewew◦a a a a 2. varskvlavi.

ehehehehö ufro.

ö----eheheheh◦aaaa sawnaxeli.

ö----eheheheh◦SaSaSaSa da.

ö----eheheheh◦SafaSafaSafaSafa diswuli.

vvvv

aaaa----vanˆza vanˆza vanˆza vanˆza elenTa, tyirpi.

aaaa----vawvawvawvaw¥¥¥¥ssss nekni, gverdis Zvali.

aaaa----vbvbvbvbö brali, danaSauli.

ö----vsravsravsravsra (dövs�t) gverdiT Cavla

(gverdiT Cauara).

zzzz

aaaa----zzzz naRveli.

aaaa----zzzz cali.

aaaa----zaandzaandzaandzaandöyyyy½½½½ mSvildi.

aaaa----zzzzögagagaga sawyavi.

aaaa----zzzzöJJJJ◦ ampartavani, yoyoCa.

aaaa----zarzarzarzarö 1. (iz£�t, iz¡�t) wyva, awyva

(wyavs, awya).

aaaa----zarzarzarzaröyyyy½½½½a a a a mzesumzira, mzesuWvrita.

aaaa----zarzarzarzar¡¡¡¡ba ba ba ba ziareba.

aaaa----zarzzarzzarzzarzö raza, koSki.

zayzayzayzayö 1. ramdeni; ramdenic.

182

zayzayzayzayöntntntnt◦???? ramdenjer?

zayzayzayzayöraan raan raan raan ramdenjer?

ö----zawzawzawzaw◦ 1. erTaderTi.

ö----zaxzaxzaxzax◦((((aaaa)))) jiqi.

aaaa----zgzgzgzg◦öaraaraaraara (dazg◦öa�t) vizedme an

razedme gajavreba (gaujavrda),

gabrazeba (gaubrazda), wyroma

(gauwyra).

aaaa----zgzgzgzg◦ömTaramTaramTaramTara (izg◦öTom, izg◦ömTe�t) ver

SemCneva (ver amCnevs, ver SeamCnia).

aaaa----zgzgzgzg◦öyrayrayrayra (dazg◦öy´�t) saWiroeba

(dasWirda).

zegzegzegzeg½¥½¥½¥½¥ 1. yvela; sul.

zeifSzeifSzeifSzeifS ´́́́TTTTömmmm Cinebuli, SesaniSnavi,

saucxovo.

aaaa----zzzz¢¢¢¢nnnn ufleba neba.

ö----zlazlazlazla metismetad tkbili.

ö----znaznaznazna savse.

ö----znaSznaSznaSznaS◦a a a a pirveli Toxi.

znˆznˆznˆznˆ erTxel.

znznznzn¥¥¥¥zawzawzawzaw◦ˆk ˆk ˆk ˆk 1. mxolod erTxel.

zqzqzqzq½½½½ˆ̂̂̂ aTasi (araadamiani).

azazazaz----zwaarzwaarzwaarzwaarö 1. SekiTxva.

aaaa----zwaarzwaarzwaarzwaarö 2. (diözwaa…e�t, diözwaa�t) 1.

vismesTvis kiTxva (hkiTxavs, hkiTxa).

aaaa----zWzWzWzW ´́́́ˆTrˆTrˆTrˆTrö (izW´¥iT�t) daZaxeba

(dauZaxa).

aaaa----zxarzxarzxarzxarö sakmarisi, sayofi.

aaaa----zxarzxarzxarzxarö††††araaraaraara (izxarö i†¡�t) gaZRoma

(gaZRa).

aaaa----zharzharzharzharö (iazhau¡�t, iazhö�t) zrda

(izrdeba, gaizarda).

zˆnZzˆnZzˆnZzˆnZö sul; srulebiT, sruliad.

aaaa----zˆfSzˆfSzˆfSzˆfS ´́́́rrrrö (dizˆfS´�t) cda, mocda

(moucada) lodini, dalodeba

(daeloda).

zˆqzˆqzˆqzˆq½½½½‚‚‚‚¥¥¥¥ aTasi (adamiani).

aaaa----zzzz¥¥¥¥Zˆr‚raZˆr‚raZˆr‚raZˆr‚ra (diz¥Zˆr‚…e�t, iz¥Zˆr‚�t)

smena, mosmena (usmens, mousmina).

aaaa----z‚z‚z‚z‚ö Wiri. TTTT

ö----TaaraTaaraTaaraTaara (iTaa…¡�t, iTaö�t) sTvla,

mosTvala; xilis, yurZnis krefa.

aaaa----TaarTaarTaarTaar¥¥¥¥xxxx istoria.

aaaa----TaacTaacTaacTaac◦ö ojaxi; col-Svili, qmar-Svili.

TagTagTagTagölanlanlanlan Semodgoma.

TagTagTagTagölaralaralaralara Wirnaxulis aReba, mosavlis

aRebis dro: Semodgoma.

aaaa----TaTTaTTaTTaT¥¥¥¥n n n n Tambaqo.

aaaa----TaiarTaiarTaiarTaiarö (iTai¡�t) Cawola (Cawva).

aaaa----TTTTök k k k pasuxi.

ö----TakraTakraTakraTakra (iöTaikue�t, iöTaik�t) pasuxis

micema (pasuxs aZlevs, upasuxa).

aaaa----TTTTökkkk◦aaaaJJJJ◦ dedaberi, beberi, dedakaci.

ö----Talau Talau Talau Talau xolera.

aaaa----TalyTalyTalyTaly¥¥¥¥ tyavis mosaqneli iaraRia.

aaaa----TTTTöJraJraJraJra (iTa¢J�t) didi da mZime ramis

Cagdeba (...Caagdo).

ö----TaraTaraTaraTara (¢iTe�t) micema (misca).

aaaa----TarfarTarfarTarfarTarfarö (iTairf¡�t) wamogeba

(wamoago).

aaaa----TaryTaryTaryTary½½½½acracracracrö (iTa¢ry½ac�t) CaWyleta

(CaWylita).

aaaa----TarCTarCTarCTarC ´́́́¥¥¥¥lalalala Sezneqili.

aaaa----TarcTarcTarcTarc◦rrrrö (iTairc◦¢t) dacla (dacala),

dacarieleba (daacariela).

aaaa----TarZarTarZarTarZarTarZarö (iTairZ£�t, iTairZe�t)

Cateva (atevs, Caatia).

aaaa----TarxarTarxarTarxarTarxarö (dTairx¡�t) daRupva

(daRupa).

aaaa----TatTatTatTat◦örTarTarTarTa Casajdomi.

ö----TauadTauadTauadTauad Tavadi.

TauTauTauTauödi aamˆsTdi aamˆsTdi aamˆsTdi aamˆsT¡¡¡¡i i i i Tavadaznauroba.

aaaa----TayTayTayTay½½½½aaaa----TTTTösra sra sra sra Rrante, okro-bokro,

oRro-CoRro.

aaaa----TTTTöSSSS ´́́́SSSS ´́́́rararara (iTöiS´S´�t) Semowvna

(Semowna).

aaaa----TaSTaSTaSTaS◦ararararö (iTaS◦¡�t) 1. mcire an

msubuqi risame Cavardna (...vardeba,

...Cavarda).

aaaa----TaCrTaCrTaCrTaCrö (iTaC�t) wylis, kvamlis...

dagubeba (wyali haeri, kvamli...

dagubda).

aaaa----TTTTöcacacaca 1. rZali; 2. patarZali.

aaaa----TacaagarTacaagarTacaagarTacaagaröSSSS◦aaaa mayruli.

aaaa----TTTTöcaaga‚ caaga‚ caaga‚ caaga‚ (mr. aTacaagac◦ö) mayari.

aaaa----TacTacTacTac◦ararararö (iTac◦�t) dacla (daicala),

dacarieleba (dacarielda).

183

aaaa----TacTacTacTac◦¥¥¥¥ 1. carieli; Tavisufali.

aaaa----TacTacTacTac◦¥¥¥¥xaxaxaxa mocla.

aaaa----TawTawTawTawörTa rTa rTa rTa Casadebi adgili.

aaaa----TaWkTaWkTaWkTaWk¤¤¤¤mmmm muSti, mjiRi.

aaaa----TaxTaxTaxTaxararararö (dTaxe�t) CarCena (CarCa).

aaaa----TaxTaxTaxTax¥¥¥¥ megobari.

aaaa----TTTTöjhajhajhajha Caberebuli qali, gauTxovrad

darCenili qali.

ö----TahmadaTahmadaTahmadaTahmada moxuci, moxucebuli, beberi

beri kaci, xnieri.

ö----TbaaTbaaTbaaTbaa farTo, ganieri.

aaaa----TbarTbarTbarTbarö (iTb¡�t) Sroba, gamoSroba

(gamoSra).

aaaa----TgarTgarTgarTgarö (iT¥ige�t) amoReba (amoiRo),

amoyvana (amoiyvana).

aaaa----TTTT¡¡¡¡llll mavTuli.

aaaa----TTTT¡¡¡¡njˆrnjˆrnjˆrnjˆr spilenZis qvabi.

ö----TiiraTiiraTiiraTiira Tiiu¡�t, iTi�t) gagzavna

(gzavnis, gagzavna).

aaaa----TnTnTnTn¥¥¥¥xra xra xra xra (iaTn¥ix�t) fasis aReba (fasi

aiRo).

aaaa----ToubToubToubToubö fici.

TrTrTrTr¥¥¥¥SSSS----TrTrTrTr¥¥¥¥S S S S moTeTro.

aaaa----TsTsTsTs¥¥¥¥s s s s kravi, batkani (dedali).

aaaa----TtarTtarTtarTtarö (iT¥ito�t, iT¥ite�t) amoxapva

(xapavs, amoxapa).

aaaa----TTTT◦önnnn Weri.

aaaa----TTTT◦bbbbörrrr Zexvi, kupati.

aaaa----TTTT◦mbmbmbmb¡¡¡¡llll boTe, regveni, CerCeti,

tutuci, Steri.

aaaa----TTTT◦fffföllll koWli.

aaaa----TfarTfarTfarTfarö (iTf¡it) RrZoba, amovardna

(amovarda).

aaaa----TyTyTyTy½½½½ararararö (iTy½¡�t) gavardna magaliTad,

Tofisa (gavarda).

aaaa----TSrTSrTSrTSrö (iT¥iS�t) 1. Caweba (Caawo);

TSTSTSTS ´́́́öSSSS ´́́́aaaa JuJuna.

aaaa----TSTSTSTS◦ö viwro.

aaaa----TSTSTSTS◦axaraxaraxaraxarö (iTS◦ax¡�t) daviwroeba

(daviwrovda).

aaaa----TZTZTZTZ¥¥¥¥ kedeli.

aaaa----Txajra Txajra Txajra Txajra (dˆTxöj�t) gancxroma,

datkboba (datkba).

aaaa----TTTT¥¥¥¥ verZi.

TˆnCTˆnCTˆnCTˆnC mSvidad, wynarad.

aaaa----TTTT¥¥¥¥JraJraJraJra (iT¢J…e�t, iT¢J�t) gamoSveba

(uSvebs, gamouSva).

aaaa----TTTT¥¥¥¥rrrrasasasas gvimra; Sdr. öras.

aaaa----TˆrSTˆrSTˆrSTˆrS◦SSSS◦ararararö (iTîrS◦S◦¡�t)

gamobertyva (gamobertya).

aaaa----TTTT¥¥¥¥srasrasrasra (dT¥s�t) CaRrmavebul rameSi

gavla (...gavida).

aaaa----TTTT¥¥¥¥ffff (sivrce) adgili; alagi.

aaaa----TTTT¥¥¥¥farafarafarafara (dT¥fe�t) amoxtoma (amoxta).

aaaa----TˆfhTˆfhTˆfhTˆfhö (mr. aT¥fhac◦a) qaliSvili.

gasaTxovari qaliSvili, qalwuli.

aaaa----TˆfhaTˆfhaTˆfhaTˆfha----tttt◦axaxaxax½½½½ö Caberebuli qali,

gauTxovrad darCenili qali, Sinabera.

aaaa----TTTT¥¥¥¥RRRR½½½½ yoCi.

aaaa----TˆZTTˆZTTˆZTTˆZT¥¥¥¥f f f f karmidamo.

aaaa----TTTT¥¥¥¥ZZZZ◦ZZZZ◦aaraaaraaaraaara (iT¥iZ◦Z◦aa�t) amorecxva

(amorecxa), gamorecxva (gamorecxa).

aaaa----TTTT¥¥¥¥wra wra wra wra (dT¥w�t) raime siRrmidan an

wylidan amosvla, gamosvla (...amovida,

gamovida).

aaaa----TTTT¥¥¥¥‚ra‚ra‚ra‚ra soro, bunagi. ◦◦◦◦TTTT

aaaa----TTTT◦ö 1. Tiva;

aaaa----TTTT◦ö 2. aT◦ö-wla cacxvi.

aaaa----TTTT◦ö 3. Cirqi, balRami, bayli.

aaaa----TTTT◦arTarTarTarTö saTibi mdelo.

aaaa----TTTT◦öyuayuayuayua xoromi, Tivis zvini.

aaaa----TTTT◦aSaraaSaraaSaraaSara (iöT◦aiSo�t, iöT◦aiSe�t)

kadreba (kadrulobs, ikadra);

aaaa----TTTT◦rrrrö (iT◦u¡�t, iT◦�t) gavseba (ivseba,

gaivso).

ö----TTTT◦hhhh◦aaaa Selocva.

aaaa----TTTT◦¥¥¥¥ savse.

aaaa----TTTT◦ˆrRˆrRˆrRˆrR¤¤¤¤ xis niCabi nagvis asaRebi.

iiii

----iiii da.

iiiiö an:

iaiaiaiaökurSkurSkurSkurS ´́́́anânânânˆ garSemo, irgvliv.

iaark�iaark�iaark�iaark�öWWWW ´́́́nˆnˆnˆnˆ mokled, Semoklebulad.

iaiaiaiaörlasnˆrlasnˆrlasnˆrlasnˆ 1. naCqarevad, TaTariaxnad.

ianaamTianaamTianaamTianaamTöz z z z Tavis droze.

ianianianianörrrr ianvari.

184

iiiiöJJJJ◦uuuu Zveli, daZvelebuli, beberi.

iariariariarö is (mamakaci; raRac)

aiaiaiaiörararara sapalne (tvirTi).

iariariariaröznakznakznakznak erTbaSad, uceb.

iara iara iara iara ¤¤¤¤ssss isev ise.

iiiiöSSSS ´́́́anˆ anˆ anˆ anˆ sworad.

iaciaciaciac¥¥¥¥ guSin.

iaxiaxiaxiaxö wuxel, wuxelis.

iaxiaxiaxiax½½½½ö dRes.

iahiahiahiahö ufro.

izbanizbanizbanizban ratom.

izbizbizbizbön n n n ökuzarkuzarkuzarkuzar imitom, rom.

iTabiTabiTabiTab¤¤¤¤pppp madloba.

¢¢¢¢marioumarioumarioumariou advili.

imSimSimSimS ´́́́öckuanckuanckuanckuan uTenia, sisxam diliT,

uTenebliv.

ineiwineiwineiwineiw¥¥¥¥xnˆxnˆxnˆxnˆ vrclad, farTod.

ireiwaZireiwaZireiwaZireiwaZ££££uuuu umciresi.

¢¢¢¢rlasnˆrlasnˆrlasnˆrlasnˆ male.

issanissanissanissan¥¥¥¥ wvrilad.

ititititötanˆ tanˆ tanˆ tanˆ rbilad.

ifsifsifsifsöxˆmkxˆmkxˆmkxˆmk◦aaaa uTuod.

iRiRiRiR◦RRRR◦anananan¥¥¥¥ magrad, Ronivrad.

iyaliyaliyaliyalöp p p p SeiZleba, SesaZlebelia,

SesaZloa.

¢¢¢¢wagwagwagwag½½½½ kidev.

aiwbâiwbâiwbâiwbˆ umcrosi.

aihabâihabâihabâihabˆ ufrosi.

kkkk

-kkkk, -kˆkˆkˆkˆ ricxviTi saxelis akˆ-s Sekvecili

forma

ö----kaameT kaameT kaameT kaameT Zv. meored mosvla; 2.

saSineleba.

aaaa----kabarjkabarjkabarjkabarj¥¥¥¥qqqq Wlakvi xaxvi.

aaaa----kaTkaTkaTkaT◦ararararö (ikaT◦¡�t) daRvra (daiRvara).

aaaa----kazkazkazkaz¥¥¥¥qqqq (adamianis) saSvilosno, saSo.

ö----kaTakaTakaTakaTa bade.

aaaa----kakkakkakkaköllll:::: aCö kakal puris (kakali)

marcvali).

ö----kakaWkakaWkakaWkakaW yvavili.

aaaa----kalkalkalkalöTTTT kalaTi.

aaaa----kalkalkalkalömmmm 1. lerwami.

aaaa----kalkalkalkalömxumxumxumxu kalmistari.

aaaa----kalamkalamkalamkalam¥¥¥¥rzarzarzarza Roris qoni, glemurZi.

aaaa----kkkkölTlTlTlT kalTa.

aaaa----kalmkalmkalmkalmöhahahaha kalmaxi.

aaaa----kambkambkambkamböSSSS kameCi.

aaaa----kamˆrSkamˆrSkamˆrSkamˆrS ´́́́öSSSS ´́́́ (bzif.); akamˆrS´S´ö

lokokina.

aaaa----kkkkön n n n Worfli.

aaaa----kanwˆwkanwˆwkanwˆwkanwˆw¥¥¥¥rararara meWeWi.

aaaa----kkkkönjanjanjanja ialqniani gemi.

ö----kapankapankapankapan wona.

aaaa----kapkapkapkap¥¥¥¥stastastasta kombosto.

aaaa----kkkköJraJraJraJra (dka¢J�t) waqceva, (waaqcia),

dacema, (dasca).

aaaa----kkkköraxararaxararaxararaxara (dköraxe�t) moqancva

(moiqanca).

ö----karkarrakarkarrakarkarrakarkarra (ikarkörue�t, ikarkör�t)

kriaxi (kriaxebs, ikriaxa).

aaaa----karpˆJkarpˆJkarpˆJkarpˆJ◦ (bzif.) sazamTro; Sdr.

axabˆrzök½.

aaaa----kartkartkartkart££££SSSS ´́́́ kartofili.

aaaa----karfsarkarfsarkarfsarkarfsarö (ikairfs¡�t) dayrevineba

(daayrevina).

aaaa----katkatarakatkatarakatkatarakatkatara (ikatkat£�t, ikatkat¡�t)

famfali (famfalebs. ifamfala).

aaaa----kkkköfarfarfarfaraaaa (dköfo�t, dköfe�t) daxtoma

(Zirs xteba, daxta).

aaaa----kafkkafkkafkkafköffff mTis kakabi, SurTxi.

aaaa----kafsarkafsarkafsarkafsarö (ikafs¡�t) cvena, Camocvena

(Camocvivda), dacvena (dacvivda).

aaaa----kaSkaSkaSkaS◦ararararö (ikaS◦£�t, ikaS◦¡�t) msubuqi

an patara ramis davardna (...davarda).

aaaa----kaSkaSkaSkaS◦ararararöxxxx 1. napovni, napovari; 2.

migdebuli bavSvi.

aaaa----kawkawkawkawö baRlinjo.

aaaa----kawaxkawaxkawaxkawax¤¤¤¤rrrr kowaxuri.

aaaa----kawRkawRkawRkawR¥¥¥¥ cicabo.

aaaa----kahfrkahfrkahfrkahfrö siZva, mruSoba.

aaaa----kkkk¢¢¢¢irairairaira (ik¢i…e�t, ik¢it) knavili

(gatisa) (knavis, iknavla) iCxavla.

aaaa----kkkk¡¡¡¡ibaJraibaJraibaJraibaJra (ik¡ibaJue�t, ik¡ibaJ�t)

erTmaneTis waqceva (erTmaneTs aqceven,

erTmaneTi waaqcies).

aaaa----kkkkkkkkörararara didi uZeZv-eklo tye.

aaaa----knknknknöharaharaharahara (iknöiha�t) Camokideba

(Camohkida).

aaaa----knknknkn¥¥¥¥xraxraxraxra (ikn¥ixˆ�t) Camoxsna (Camoxsna).

185

aaaa----krkrkrkrö (iku¡�t, ik¡�t) 1. Wera, daWera

(iWers, daiWira).

krkrkrkr¥¥¥¥mmmm††††aaaa----krkrkrkr¥¥¥¥mJimJimJimJi uWmel-usmeli.

krkrkrkr¥†¥†¥†¥†aaaa----krkrkrkr¥¥¥¥JJJJ◦ naWam-nasvami.

aaaa----krkrkrkr¥†¥†¥†¥†araaraaraara (krî†£�t, krî†¡�t) Wama

(Wams, Wama).

ö----kkkk◦aaaa ube.

ö----kkkk◦abaraabaraabaraabara (ik◦ab£�t, ik◦ab¡�t) baneba

(abanebs, abanavebs, dabana).

aaaa----kkkk◦adaxaradaxaradaxaradaxarö (ik◦adx¡�t) moSveba (moeSva).

aaaa----kkkk◦adadadad¥¥¥¥rrrr unagiri.

aaaa----kkkk◦öza za za za dovlaTiani, mdidari.

aaaa----kkkk◦aTaTaTaTön guTani.

aaaa----kkkk◦akakakak◦örrrr moxarSuli kveri.

aaaa----kkkk◦ökkkk◦SSSS indauri.

ö----kkkk◦alkalkalkalk◦alaraalaraalaraalara patara risame qanaoba.

aaaa----kkkk◦ömfamfamfamfa mkvaxe, umwifari.

aaaa----kkkk◦önWnWnWnW koWi.

aaaa----kkkk◦önnnn----jˆbajˆbajˆbajˆba ubis jibe

ö----kkkk◦anˆzanra anˆzanra anˆzanra anˆzanra (dk◦an¥zan…e�t) meryeoba

(meryeobs).

aaaa----kkkk◦apapapap¡¡¡¡iiii kope, kokoSi.

aaaa----kkkk◦örrrr iorRa, Toxariki (cxeni).

aaaa----kkkk◦örararara Rele.

aaaa----kkkk◦örmarmarmarma wveTi, xvari.

aaaa----kkkk◦ösk�ask�ask�ask�a oda.

aaaa----kkkk◦astRastRastRastRö muguzali.

aaaa----kkkk◦öSaSaSaSa magari da xmeli merqani.

ö----kkkk◦aSaSaSaS ´́́́arararara (dkuaS´£�t, dkuaS´¡�t) cekva

(cekvavs, icekva).

aaaa----kkkk◦öc c c c xorci.

aaaa----kkkk◦aWaWaWaWöbbbb Wraqi.

aaaa----kkkk◦öxxxx½½½½CaCaCaCa bewviani mouqneli tyavi

qveSagebad xmarebuli, qeCxo.

ö----kkkk◦aharaaharaaharaahara (ik◦ahau¡�t, ik◦ahö�t) zela,

mozela (zels, zelavs, mozila).

aaaa----kubrkubrkubrkubr¥¥¥¥ koRo.

ö----kkkk◦eiceiraeiceiraeiceiraeiceira (ikueic¡iue�t, ikueic¡�t)

cimcimi (cimcimebs, icimcima).

aaaa----kkkk¤¤¤¤kukukuku 1. guguli.

aaaa----kkkk¤¤¤¤kukukuku 2. maCita, maCitela.

aaaa----kukkukkukkuk◦babababaö soko.

aaaa----kkkk◦mamamamaönnnn sura.

ö----kkkk◦mpˆlmpˆlmpˆlmpˆl mrgvali ram.

aaaa----kkkk◦mJmJmJmJ◦¥¥¥¥ Coxa.

ö----kunakunakunakuna faceri, godora.

aaaa----kurbkurbkurbkurbönnnn msxverpli, Sesawiravi, zvaraki.

aaaa----kkkk◦rkrkrkrk££££uuuu CaquCi, kveri.

aaaa----kurmkurmkurmkurmö yaurma.

aaaa----kkkk¤¤¤¤rTrTrTrT qviriTi.

ö----kkkk◦ˆrSˆrSˆrSˆrS ´́́́ara ara ara ara (iök◦îrSé�t) gars

Semovleba (Semoavlo).

aaaa----kkkk◦ttttörSrSrSrS ´́́́acacacac varia, wriapi.

aaaa----kkkk◦ttttöR�R�R�R� kvercxi.

aaaa----kkkk◦trtrtrtr¥¥¥¥bgabgabgabga mela.

aaaa----kkkk◦trtrtrtr¥¥¥¥xxxx½½½½SSSS qori.

aaaa----kkkk◦tttt¥¥¥¥ qaTami.

aaaa----kkkk¤¤¤¤uauauaua ku.

aaaa----kkkk◦WWWW¥¥¥¥SSSS wiwila.

aaaa----kkkk¥¥¥¥dwaradwaradwaradwara (ik¥diwe�t) dakideba

(dakida), Camokideba (Camohkida).

aaaa----kˆdˆfsalarakˆdˆfsalarakˆdˆfsalarakˆdˆfsalara (ikˆdifsale�t) raime

sibrtyeze miyra (...miayara).

aaaa----kkkk¥¥¥¥ka ka ka ka ZuZu.

aaaa----kkkk¥¥¥¥kaxSkaxSkaxSkaxS ´́́́ ZuZus rZe (qalisa).

aaaa----kkkk¥¥¥¥kmackmackmackmac◦ ZuZus Tavi, ZuZus ceri.

aaaa----kkkk¥¥¥¥lalalala kona.

aaaa----kkkk¥¥¥¥laaralaaralaaralaara WuWrutana.

aaaa----kkkk¥¥¥¥laZralaZralaZralaZra (dk¥laZ�t) gaqroba (gaqra).

dakagva, gadakargva (daikarga,

gadaikarga).

aaaa----kˆlaxarakˆlaxarakˆlaxarakˆlaxara (ik¥laxé�t) gaCxera

(gaeCxira), gaxirva (gaexira).

aaaa----kkkk¥¥¥¥ldaraldaraldaraldara (ik¥lido�t, ik¥lide�t)

gayra (uyris, gauyara).

aaaa----kkkk¥¥¥¥lJlJlJlJ◦araaraaraara 1. (ik¥liJ◦e�t_ Semtvreva

(Seamtvria), gamtvreva (gaamtvria).

aaaa----kkkk¥¥¥¥lJlJlJlJ◦ara ara ara ara 2. (ik¥lJ◦e�t) gaxeva (gaixa)

gagleja (gaiglija).

aaaa----kkkk¥¥¥¥lrˆhlrˆhlrˆhlrˆh◦hhhh◦ara ara ara ara (ik¥lirˆh◦h◦e�t)

gamoyofa (gamoyo).

aaaa----kkkk¥¥¥¥lsralsralsralsra (dk¥ls�t) gaZvroma(gaZvra),

SeZvroma (SeZvra).

akakakak¥¥¥¥lfaralfaralfaralfara (dk¥lfe�t) fanjridan,

xvrelidan, naxvretidan: gadmoxtoma

(...gadmoxta).

aaaa----kkkk¥¥¥¥lfSlfSlfSlfS ´́́́rararara (dk¥lfS´…e�t, dk¥lfS´�t)

186

SeWvreta (iWvriteba, SeiWvrita);

aaaa----kkkk¥¥¥¥lwlwlwlw◦araaraaraara (ik¥lw◦e�t) xvreta,

gaxvreta (gaixvrita); burRva, gaburRva

(gaiburRa).

aaaa----kkkk¥¥¥¥lxara lxara lxara lxara (dk¥lxoit, dk¥lxe�t) CiCqna

(CiCqnis, CiCqna).

aaaa----kkkk¥¥¥¥lxralxralxralxra (ik¥lix�t) raime naxvretidan.

amoReba amoiRo), gamoZroba (gamoaZro).

aaaa----kkkk¥¥¥¥lˆrhlˆrhlˆrhlˆrh◦hhhh◦araaraaraara (ik¥lîrh◦he�t)

gamoyofa (gamoyo).

akakakak¥¥¥¥ffff kvniti, kvniwi.

aaaa----kkkk¥¥¥¥Rura Rura Rura Rura Taro, rafa saxlis kuTxeSi

WurWlisaTvis.

aaaa----kkkk¥¥¥¥rWrWrWrW ´́́́awaraawaraawaraawara (akˆriW´¡iwo�t,

akˆriW´¡iwe�t) Wmeva (aWmevs, aWama), kveba

(kvebavs, kveba).

aaaa----kkkk¥¥¥¥cccc kramiti.

aaaa----kkkk¥¥¥¥cZˆrTa cZˆrTa cZˆrTa cZˆrTa Tuni.

aaaa----kˆWrkˆWrkˆWrkˆWrö (ikˆW�t) danaoWeba (danaoWda).

aaaa----kˆWkˆWkˆWkˆW¥¥¥¥rararara naoWi.

kkkk½½½½ ö----kkkk½½½½aaaa Sevardeni.

aaaa----kkkk½½½½aTaraaTaraaTaraaTara (ik½öTe�t) qroba, gaqroba

(gaqra), Sreta, daSreta (daiSrita),

davseba (daivso).

aaaa----kkkk½½½½öTaraTaraTaraTara (dk½öTe�t) gabedniereba

(gabednierda).

aaaa----kkkk½½½½ökkkk½½½½aaaa 1. magari.

aaaa----kkkk½½½½amaSamaSamaSamaS◦¥¥¥¥SSSS◦ cxvris dumis bolo, poCi.

aaaa----kkkk½½½½önW nW nW nW kenWi, wili.

aaaa----kkkk½½½½anWaanWaanWaanWaö pawawa, pawawkintela, erTi

bewo.

aaaa----kkkk½½½½anjaanjaanjaanja tikina, dedofala, Tojina.

aaaa----kkkk½½½½atatatat¡¡¡¡iiii nawlavi.

aaaa----kkkk½½½½öfafafafa suTi, duma.

aaaa----kkkk½½½½öWWWW ´́́́ 1. mokle.

aaaa----kkkk½½½½öxixixixi kexi, anCaxi.

aaaa----kkkk½¥½¥½¥½¥b b b b (bzif.) ak½¥ba mTliani xisagan

gakeTebuli safexurebiani kibe.

aaaa----kkkk½½½½ˆntˆntˆntˆnt¥¥¥¥rrrr kitri.

aaaa----kkkk½¥½¥½¥½¥rrrr kiri.

ö----kkkk½½½½ˆrkˆrkˆrkˆrk½½½½ˆrraˆrraˆrraˆrra (ik½ˆrk½¥rue�t,

ik½ˆrk½¥r�t) xvixvini (xvixvinebs,

ixvixvina).

aaaa----kkkk½¥½¥½¥½¥srasrasrasra (dak½¥sit) Sexeba (Seexo),

mikareba (miekara).

llll

aaaa----l l l l muryani, Txmela.

aaaa----lalalala Tvali.

aaaa----llllö ZaRli.

aaaa----llllöbabababa xvadi ZaRli.

ö----lablablablabö joxi.

ö----labJˆSlabJˆSlabJˆSlabJˆS ´́́́ cremli.

labWlabWlabWlabW ´́́́ababababö cxadad, namdvilad.

aaaa----lablablablab¥¥¥¥wwww◦ Cxiri.

ö----lagalaralagalaralagalaralagalara 1. (d¥laigale�t) rameSi,

magaliTad, tyeSi, yanaSi: Seyvana

(Seiyvana), Setana (Seitana).

ö----lagaralagaralagaralagara 1. (dalage�t) dawyeba

(daiwyo), Sedgoma (Seudga).

ö----lagaralagaralagaralagara 2. (ilag¡�t) fqva, dafqva

(dafqva);

ö----laglaglaglag◦ Tvalis kakali.

ö----laglaglaglag◦eimxuceimxuceimxuceimxuc guga, Tvalis guga, baia,

Tvalis Cini.

ö----lageJralageJralageJralageJra (dr¥lageJ�t) dareva

(daeria).

ö----ladaaraladaaraladaaraladaara daRmarTi.

aaaa----laTrlaTrlaTrlaTrö ZaRlis xuxula.

aaaa----llllöku ku ku ku zRapari; saocreba.

llllökunkunkunkun (lara lökun) is (qali) iyo.

aaaa----laklaklaklak¥¥¥¥wawawawa Tvalis upe.

aaaa----lallallallalö irao saqoneli.

aaaa----llllömw mw mw mw ZaRlis mweri.

ö----lamˆsdalamˆsdalamˆsdalamˆsda unamuso, upatiosno,

arakeTilsindisieri.

aaaa----lapy�alapy�alapy�alapy�a Woloki, satyorcni joxi.

ö----larklarklarklark½½½½akakakak½½½½araaraaraara (¢lairk½ake�t) Cxvleta

(Cxvlita), SeCxvleta (SeCxvlita).

ö----las las las las 1. msubuqi, mCate.

ö----lasalasalasalasa (bzif.) ölas matyli.

aaaa----lasblasblasblasbö (bzif.) alasb¥ lekvi.

ö----lasklasklasklask◦andraandraandraandra Zalian msubuqi, Zalian

mCate.

aaaa----lasklasklasklask¤¤¤¤gugugugu saCeCeli.

laslaslaslas¥¥¥¥, , , , lasslasslasslass¥¥¥¥ Cqara, male.

ö----lafSlafSlafSlafS ´́́́ Tvali.

ö----lafSlafSlafSlafS ´́́́kra kra kra kra (ölafS´ ik¥�t) gaTvalva

187

(gaiTvala).

aaaa----lafSlafSlafSlafS ´́́́¥¥¥¥rararara arCevani.

aaaa----laflaflaflaf¥¥¥¥quSquSquSquS◦aaaa Tvalis TamaSi.

ö----laRˆrZ laRˆrZ laRˆrZ laRˆrZ cremli.

ö----laylaylaylay◦rararara 2. dablobi.

ö----laScalaScalaScalaSca bneli.

ö----laScara laScara laScara laScara 1. sibnele, wyvdiadi.

aaaa----laScaralaScaralaScaralaScara 2. (ilaSc¡�t) dabneleba.

ö----laSlaSlaSlaS ´́́́a a a a 1. lafSa.

ö----laSlaSlaSlaS ´́́́aaaa 2. naTeli.

ö----laSlaSlaSlaS ´́́́araaraaraara (ilaS´£�t, ilaS´¡�t) naTeba.

ganaTeba (anaTebs, anaTa), brwyinva

(brwyinavs, gaibrwyina).

ö----laSlaSlaSlaS◦ brma, usinaTlo.

ö----laclaclaclac◦a a a a quTuTo, Tvalis kilo.

ö----laclaclaclac◦kkkk◦öbbbb wirpli.

öööö----laclaclaclac◦yyyy◦rararara (dlac◦y◦¡�t, dlac◦y◦¢�t)

Tvalis xamxami, daxamxameba (Tvals

axamxamebs, Tvali daaxamxama).

ö----lawara lawara lawara lawara 1. (iölaiwe�t) 1. CarWoba

(CaarWo), SerWoba (SearWo).

ö----lawara lawara lawara lawara 2. (ilaiw£�t, ilaiw¡�t)

Tesva, daTesva (Tesavs, daTesa).

aaaa----laxlaxlaxlax¤¤¤¤lalalala moziare.

ö----laxuclaxuclaxuclaxuc wamwami.

ö----laxWlaxWlaxWlaxW ´́́́ˆxa ˆxa ˆxa ˆxa mkvircxli.

ö----laxWlaxWlaxWlaxW ´́́́ˆxaraˆxaraˆxaraˆxara simkvircxle.

ö----laxlaxlaxlax¥¥¥¥ Tavkombala, Tavbera, kidura.

ö----laxlaxlaxlax½½½½ Subli.

aaaa----laxlaxlaxlax½½½½ˆnwˆnwˆnwˆnwö iRbali, bedi, bediswera.

ö----laxlaxlaxlax½½½½ˆSˆSˆSˆS◦SSSS◦ bedSavi.

aaaa----lahlahlahlahö leRvi.

ö----lahlahlahlah◦aaaa yorani.

ö----lahlahlahlah◦araaraaraara (ilaih◦e�t) gaxveva (gaxvia),

Sexveva (Sexvia), Seburva (Sebura).

aaaa----lahlahlahlah◦ararararö----wwww¥¥¥¥ssss Camuris Citi, beRura,

WivWavi.

aaaa----llllö†††† saxumaro, sasacilo ambavi.

ö----la‚rala‚rala‚rala‚ra 1. (ir¥la‚�t) adamianTa Soris

raime ambis, cnobis, xmis gavrceleba

(...gavrcelda), modeba (...moedo).

ö----lbaagara lbaagara lbaagara lbaagara (dˆlböige�t) CamoReba

(CamoiRo); Camotana (Camoitana),

Camoyvana (Camoiyvana).

ö----lbaadaralbaadaralbaadaralbaadara (ilbaöide�t) ylapva,

Caylapva (Caylapa), gadaylapva

(gadaylapa).

ö----lbaaralbaaralbaaralbaara (dˆlbaö�t) Camosvla

(Camovida), CamoSveba (CamoeSva),

daeSveba (daeSva).

aaaa----lgaralgaralgaralgara (dölge�t) gaTaveba (gaaTava),

moTaveba (moaTava).

ö----lra lra lra lra murynari, Txmelnari.

ö----lsra lsra lsra lsra (d¥ls�t) xalxSi, tyeSi,

talaxSi: gavla (gaiara).

ö----ltltltlt◦JJJJ◦‚a‚a‚a‚a laviwi.

ö----lulululu wisqvilis qva, dolabi.

aaaa----llll¤¤¤¤gu gu gu gu suleli, gamoCerCetebuli.

ö----lfyaaralfyaaralfyaaralfyaara (ialf¥iyaa�t) gamoWra

(gamoWra).

ö----lfSlfSlfSlfS ´́́́aara aara aara aara (dalfSáaue�t,

dölfSáa�t) amorCeva, gamorCeva

(arCevs, gamoarCia).

aaaa----lSlSlSlS ´́́́örararara (ilSó�t, ilSé�t) SeiZleba

(SeuZlia, SesZlo).

ö----lclclclcaraaraaraara (iölice�t) 1. gamoreka

(gamoreka).

ö----lZaaralZaaralZaaralZaara (¢lZaa�t) gamoleva

(gamoelia).

ö----lwralwralwralwra (iölw�t) gamosvla (gamovida),

gaxdoma (gaxda).

ö----lWlWlWlW ´́́́ˆs ˆs ˆs ˆs (mr. ölWár, alWáraq◦a) noRa,

axali muryanis, Txmelas xe.

ö----lxralxralxralxra (iölîxˆ�t) gamoZroba

(gamoaZro), amoReba (amoiRo).

aaaa----lˆglˆglˆglˆg suleli, gamoCerCetebuli.

aaaa----lˆgaJlˆgaJlˆgaJlˆgaJ◦ beberi, moxuci kaci, beberi

kaci.

aaaa----lˆkulˆkulˆkulˆku urduli, sanZali.

aaaa----lolololo¥¥¥¥kkkk½½½½ lami, Slami.

aaaa----lˆmlˆmlˆmlˆm lomi.

ö----lˆmlˆmlˆmlˆm----afsafsafsafs Zu lomi.

aaaa----llll¥¥¥¥mtmtmtmt WuWyi.

aaaa----llll¥¥¥¥mha mha mha mha yuri.

aaaa----llll¥¥¥¥mharTmharTmharTmharT layuCi.

aaaa----llll¥¥¥¥ra ra ra ra RerZi.

ö----lˆrgara lˆrgara lˆrgara lˆrgara 1. (dölîrge�t) gaTavebineba

(gaaTavebina).

ö----lˆfxa lˆfxa lˆfxa lˆfxa wyaloba.

188

aaaa----lˆRurlˆRurlˆRurlˆRuröööö sxveni.

ö----lˆSlˆSlˆSlˆS◦SSSS◦ara ara ara ara (¢lˆS◦S◦e�t) gamoyra

(gamoayara).

aaaa----llll¥¥¥¥x x x x nakeToba, naxelavi.

aaaa----llll¥¥¥¥xuTaxuTaxuTaxuTa saceri.

ö----l‚al‚al‚al‚a kvamli, boli.

ö----l‚awl‚awl‚awl‚aw◦ oxSivari.

mmmm

mamamama an.

ö----maamaamaamaa saxeluri.

aaaa----maanmaanmaanmaanö xerxi, fandi.

aaaa----maaxˆrmaaxˆrmaaxˆrmaaxˆr mayvali.

aaaa----magmagmagmagönananana namgali.

amamamamögugugugu Ceqma, waRa.

[[[[ö----mazamazamazamaza((((aaaa))))rararara]]]] (¢moup, ¢man) qona, qoneba

(aqvs, hqonda).

ö----maTmaTmaTmaT gveli.

ö----maTfsˆZmaTfsˆZmaTfsˆZmaTfsˆZ gvelTevza.

ö----maTmaTmaTmaT◦axu axu axu axu masala.

ö----makramakramakramakra (¢maikue�t, ¢maikˆ�t) 1.

Secileba (ecileba, Seecila), Sedaveba

(edaveba, Seedava).

ö----mak‚ˆmak‚ˆmak‚ˆmak‚ˆ modave, mokamaTe, mocile.

aaaa----mmmmöl l l l simdidre, dovlaTi, avla-dideba.

aaaa----malaRmalaRmalaRmalaR¤¤¤¤rrrr molaRuri.

mamzmamzmamzmamzörrrr, , , , mmmmömzarmzarmzarmzar Torem.

mammammammam££££uuuu ara, ar.

aaaa----mammammammam¥¥¥¥rjrjrjrj ´́́́agu agu agu agu Zera, yurbi.

aaaa----mamˆrSmamˆrSmamˆrSmamˆrS◦ögggg safrTxobela.

aaaa----manmanmanman¥¥¥¥za za za za muzardi, Cafxuti.

mapmapmapmap 1. ara, ar.

ö----maJmaJmaJmaJ◦a a a a 1. comi.

ö----mardamardamardamarda ferdobi.

aaaa----mardumardumardumarduönnnn kibe.

ö----maria maria maria maria 1. ioli, advili.

aaaa----marimarimarimariöllll morieli.

aaaa----maruˆgamaruˆgamaruˆgamaruˆga iaraRi.

aaaa----mmmmörRrRrRrR½½½½ calTvalTeTri, marRi.

aaaa----marxmarxmarxmarx◦öcccc ori wlis kvici.

aaaa----maRrmaRrmaRrmaRrö saxelo.

aaaa----maymaymaymayö qamari, sartyeli.

aaaa----mayWmayWmayWmayW ´́́́ahahahah◦örararara weli.

aaaa----maSxmaSxmaSxmaSx¤¤¤¤lwlwlwlw idayvi, nidayvi.

ö----maSmaSmaSmaS◦ˆrˆrˆrˆr marcxi.

mmmmöCxumaCxumaCxumaCxuma blomad, blomadaa.

aaaa----mmmmöcacacaca banqo, karti.

ö----macaramacaramacaramacara marto.

aaaa----macmacmacmac◦özzzz 1. beWedi (samkauli).

aaaa----macmacmacmac◦öznacznacznacznac◦aaaa araTiTi.

ö----macmacmacmac◦ˆsˆsˆsˆs elva.

ö----maZamaZamaZamaZa saidumlo.

ö----maZa‚ˆmaZa‚ˆmaZa‚ˆmaZa‚ˆ (bzif.) xuro.

aaaa----mawurmawurmawurmawurö 1. (¢maw iu¡�t, ¢maw iu�t)

samsaxuri (emsaxureba, emsaxura).

aaaa----mawu‚mawu‚mawu‚mawu‚¥¥¥¥ msaxuri.

ö----mawmawmawmaw◦ xis norCi da patara Sto, nekeri.

aaaa----mmmmöW W W W cota.

ö----maxamaxamaxamaxa barkali.

ö----maxamaxamaxamaxa----SaxaSaxaSaxaSaxa kidurebi.

ö----maxumaxumaxumaxu, , , , ömaxuTamaxuTamaxuTamaxuTa toti, rto, Sto.

aaaa----maxmaxmaxmax◦alalalalöxxxx½½½½aaaa ficxi, fxukiani.

aaaa----maxmaxmaxmax◦örrrr mklavi.

aaaa----mmmmöxCxCxCxC ´́́́ aqlemi.

aaaa----mahmˆzmahmˆzmahmˆzmahmˆz dezi.

aaaa----mahmahmahmah◦ siZe.

aaaa----mahmahmahmah◦ˆla ˆla ˆla ˆla qvisli.

ö----ma‚arama‚arama‚arama‚ara (iöma‚e�t) Sexmoba (Seaxma),

mixmoba (miaxma).

ö----mgmgmgmg◦aaaa muceli.

aaaa----mgmgmgmg◦adadadad¤¤¤¤rararara orsuloba, fexmZimoba.

aaaa----mgmgmgmg½½½½öllll mWadi.

ö----mdˆrmdˆrmdˆrmdˆr umecari.

ö----mzmzmzmz Tve.

ö----mza mza mza mza mTvare.

aaaa----mzmzmzmzö fiWvi.

aaaa----mzarWmzarWmzarWmzarWö kvari.

aaaa----mTamTamTamTa saCuqari.

aaaa----milmilmilmilöTTTT eri.

aaaa----mkmkmkmk◦andandandand¥¥¥¥rrrr WinWris mxali.

ö----mlamlamlamla SimSili.

aaaa----mlaRmlaRmlaRmlaR¤¤¤¤rrrr molaRuri.

aaaa----mmmm££££TaTaTaTa SviliSvili.

aaaa----mpax�Smpax�Smpax�Smpax�S¥¥¥¥ xelsaxoci.

ö----mpˆlmpˆlmpˆlmpˆl burTi.

ö----mJˆJkra mJˆJkra mJˆJkra mJˆJkra (imJ¥Jkˆ�t) gamizezeba

(gamizezda), gaRizianeba (gaRizianda).

aaaa----mJmJmJmJ◦ö, , , , amJamJamJamJ◦ö----wlawlawlawla TuTa, bJola, TuTis

xe, bJolis xe.

189

aaaa----mramramramra mze.

ö----mra mra mra mra ag¥lara (ömra g¥le�t) mzis

amosvla (mze amovida).

aaaa----mragmragmragmrag¥¥¥¥laralaralaralara aRmosavleTi.

aaaa----mraTaSmraTaSmraTaSmraTaS◦örararara dasavleTi.

aaaa----msTxumsTxumsTxumsTxuögggg Romis Casazeli mokle da

momsxo joxi.

ö----muCamuCamuCamuCa muqTaxora, muqTamWameli.

ö----mR mR mR mR ekali.

aaaa----mRmRmRmR¥¥¥¥wrawarawrawarawrawarawrawara (imR¥wraiwe�t) garWoba

(gairWo).

aaaa----mymymymy¤¤¤¤babababa (bzif.), amy¤b ayiro, yeliani

gogra.

aaaa----mymymymy¤¤¤¤bˆrbˆrbˆrbˆr (bzif.) nesvi.

aaaa----mSxmSxmSxmSx¤¤¤¤lwlwlwlw idayvi, nidayvi.

ö----mSmSmSmS ´́́́ 1. dRe.

ö----mSmSmSmS ´́́́afafafaf aRdgoma.

mSmSmSmS ´́́́afCgafCgafCgafCgörararara did-marxva.

mSmSmSmS ´́́́bzbzbzbz¢¢¢¢aaaa!!!! gamarjoba!

mSmSmSmS ´́́́kkkk¥¥¥¥ znˆznˆznˆznˆ odesme, rodisme.

ö----mSmSmSmS ´́́́nˆhnˆhnˆhnˆh◦a a a a dResaswauli.

ö----mSmSmSmS ´́́́R�arsR�arsR�arsR�ars akrZaluli dRe.

ömSmSmSmS ´́́́ c c c c◦g�ag�ag�ag�a uamindoba, avdari, avdriani

dRe, cudi dRe.

aaaa----mSmSmSmS ´́́́¥¥¥¥nnnn zRva.

aaaa----mSmSmSmS ´́́́¥¥¥¥nnnn----yˆzyˆzyˆzyˆz gedi.

aaaa----mSmSmSmS ´́́́ˆnˆnˆnˆn----hhhh◦aaaa zRvis Rori.

ö----mSmSmSmS◦ daTvi.

ö----mSmSmSmS◦ara ara ara ara 1. uSiSroba; Seupovroba.

ö----mSmSmSmS◦----afsafsafsafs Zu daTvi.

aaaa----mSmSmSmS◦kkkk◦önnnn artaxi.

ö----mCmCmCmC Zala, Rone.

aaaa----mCarmCarmCarmCaröbabababa qoTao, siraja, katujari

(cxenis seni).

ö----mCˆbJmCˆbJmCˆbJmCˆbJ kvira (Svidi dRe).

aaaa----mCmCmCmC¥¥¥¥SSSS ´́́́a a a a kvira (dRe).

ö----mcmcmcmc tyuili, sicrue.

ö----mcamcamcamca cecxli.

ö----mcabzmcabzmcabzmcabz ali.

ömcamcamcamca----SSSS ´́́́££££uraurauraura sicxe.

ö----mcq�aramcq�aramcq�aramcq�ara uwminduroba, usufTaoba,

sibinZure, WuWyianoba.

ö----mcxumcxumcxumcxu meti, zedmeti, Warbi.

ö----mchmchmchmch◦aaaarararara (ömc ih◦£�t, ömc ih◦¡�t)

tyuilis Tqma (tyuils ambobs).

ö----mcmcmcmc◦araaraaraara uZiloba.

ö----mwmwmwmw buzi.

ö----mwaJramwaJramwaJramwaJra (¢mwaiJ�t) win dagdeba (win

daugdo).

aaaa----mwˆrbR�rmwˆrbR�rmwˆrbR�rmwˆrbR�rö anwlnari, anwliani.

aaaa----mwmwmwmw◦¥¥¥¥J‚aJ‚aJ‚aJ‚a frTa.

aaaa----mwmwmwmw◦¥¥¥¥SSSS◦ gideli.

aaaa----mWmWmWmW ´́́́llll¥¥¥¥xxxx xis nawarmi.

aaaa----mWmWmWmW ´́́́¥¥¥¥ SeSa.

ö----mxanˆxramxanˆxramxanˆxramxanˆxra (iömxanˆxˆ�t) Semoxarjva

(Semoexarja).

ö----mxramxramxramxra (¢mixˆ�t) warTmeva (waarTva);

gamorTmeva (gamoarTva).

aaaa----mxmxmxmx¥¥¥¥ yana.

aaaa----mxmxmxmx¥¥¥¥xxxx½½½½CaCaCaCa (mr. amx¥x½Sc◦a) mevele.

aaaa----mhmhmhmhöbˆsTabˆsTabˆsTabˆsTa lafera, Cogani.

aaaa----mharmharmharmharö patarZal-siZis sacxovrebeli

saxli, samTiobo.

aaaa----mhmhmhmhöwwww◦ kovzi.

aaaa----mhajmhajmhajmhaj¥¥¥¥rrrr muhajiri.

aaaa----mhmhmhmh◦¥¥¥¥rrrr beWedi.

aaaa----mmmm¥¥¥¥daRdaRdaRdaR½½½½cccc◦aaaa niJara.

aaaa----mˆzgmˆzgmˆzgmˆzg¤¤¤¤TTTT 1. anZa.

ö----mˆJmˆJmˆJmˆJ ´́́́dadadada ubeduri.

aaaa----mmmm¥¥¥¥rgrgrgrg◦ morgvi.

aaaa----mˆrxmˆrxmˆrxmˆrx¥¥¥¥ ferismWamela.

aaaa----mmmm¥¥¥¥tkumatkumatkumatkuma moTqma.

ö----m‚am‚am‚am‚a gza.

aaaa----m‚abJm‚abJm‚abJm‚abJ ´́́́ararararö Suagza, naxevari gza.

ö----m‚adaram‚adaram‚adaram‚adara ugzooba.

aaaa----m‚am‚am‚am‚a----dddd¤¤¤¤ Sara.

aaaa----m‚anm‚anm‚anm‚an¥¥¥¥zazazaza Tanamgzavri.

nnnn

anananan deda

ö----naanaanaanaa gadaxrili.

aaaa----nanananaölaralaralaralara 1. (dinaöle�t) Serigeba

(Seurigda).

ö----naaranaaranaaranaara 1. ferdobi, gverdobi.

naannaannaannaan¥¥¥¥tttt◦ dasabamidan, mama-papidan,

aTadan-babadan, uxsovari droidan.

aaaa----nabznabznabznabz¥¥¥¥TTTT mziTevi.

ö----nagZaranagZaranagZaranagZara (ineigZ¡�t) daboloeba

(daabolava), dasruleba (daasrula).

190

nadaadnadaadnadaadnadaadö gardi-gardmo, ganiv.

aaaa----nnnnöTraTraTraTra (dinöT�t) naTlva, monaTvla

(monaTla).

aaaa----nnnnöTraTraTraTra----xxxx½½½½ZZZZ naTlobis saxeli.

aaaa----nnnnödgˆlaradgˆlaradgˆlaradgˆlara (dnödgˆle�t) midgoma

(miadga).

aaaa----nadnadnadnad¡¡¡¡llll mamuli.

ö----nadinadinadinadi (cxeni) loxi; aC´¥ nadi loxi

cxeni.

aaaa----nnnnöTraTraTraTra naTloba.

ö----namˆsnamˆsnamˆsnamˆs sindisi, namusi.

aaaa----nnnnönamganamganamganamga xelmokle, Raribi.

nannannannan¤¤¤¤uuuu bebia.

nnnnönhnhnhnh◦aaaa mariamoba.

nnnnönhnhnhnh◦aaaa----mzamzamzamza mariamobis Tve.

aaaa----napˆnwnapˆnwnapˆnwnapˆnwö naRdi.

aaaa----napTarfnapTarfnapTarfnapTarfö TaTmani, xelTaTmani.

aaaa----napsˆrgnapsˆrgnapsˆrgnapsˆrg◦ˆwaˆwaˆwaˆwa xelisguli, nebi.

aaaa----napxnapxnapxnapx¥¥¥¥cccc frCxili.

aaaa----napnapnapnap¥¥¥¥ (mr. anapq◦ö) xeli.

aaaa----napnapnapnap¥¥¥¥mxramxramxramxra (inap¥ ¢mixˆ�t) xelis

CamorTmeva (xeli CamoarTva).

aaaa----nap‚nap‚nap‚nap‚¥¥¥¥rararara xelnaweri.

ö----naJranaJranaJranaJra (iönaiJit) patieba (apatia),

miteveba (miuteva), Sendoba (Seundo).

ö----narcnarcnarcnarc◦, , , , narcnarcnarcnarc◦¥¥¥¥ saiqio.

nasnasnasnas 1. mere, Semdeg.

nasTxnasTxnasTxnasTxö moSorebiT.

nasknasknasknask½½½½ö moSorebiT.

ö----nasˆfnasˆfnasˆfnasˆf bedniereba, sve, bedi.

ö----nasˆfdanasˆfdanasˆfdanasˆfda ubedo, avbedi.

ö----naurnaurnaurnaur 1. moCveneba.

aaaa----nnnnöfanagafanagafanagafanaga 1. marcvlovanTa mosavali; 2.

marcvlovanTa RvTaeba.

ö----nafSnafSnafSnafS ´́́́aafSaafSaafSaafS ´́́́rararara (dnafS´öafSúe�t,

dnafSáafS´�t) iqiT-aqeT yureba (iqiT-

aqeT iyureba, iqiT-aqeT miixed-moixeda).

ö----naynaynaynay◦ dabali.

ö----naynaynaynay◦aaaa nisli, burusi, janRi.

ö----naynaynaynay◦ouououou myinvari.

aaaa----nnnnöSSSS ´́́́aaaa (bzif.) kitri; Sdr. ak½ˆnt¥r.

ananananöcaracaracaracara (in¡ice�t) morekva (moreka).

aaaa----nacnacnacnac◦ö TiTi.

aaaa----nacnacnacnac◦özzzz----nacnacnacnac◦aaaa araTiTi.

aaaa----nacnacnacnac◦kkkk½¥½¥½¥½¥ssss (mr. ana◦ck½öraq◦a) neki.

aaaa----nacnacnacnac◦----yyyyögggg◦aaaa ceri.

aaaa----nacnacnacnac◦xkurSxkurSxkurSxkurS ´́́́ö dudko, garcmula,

sawereli.

aaaa----nacnacnacnac◦xxxx¥¥¥¥bbbb ceri.

ö----naZaranaZaranaZaranaZara (dnaZr£�t, dnaZ¡�t) miwvdoma

(wvdeba, miwvda).

naZnaZnaZnaZöZaZaZaZa marad, samaradisod.

önaZZeinaZZeinaZZeinaZZei ZiZa, dedamZuZe, gamzrdeli.

aaaa----naxnaxnaxnax◦afSafSafSafS ´́́́rararara (dnöix◦afSít) Sexedva

(Sexeda), daxedva (daxeda).

aaaa----nnnnöxxxx◦TaTaTaTa avSara, qoraki.

najnnajnnajnnajnötttt◦ dasabamidan, mama-papidan,

aTadan-babadan, uxsovari droidan.

ö----nahnahnahnah◦rararara (dnah◦�t) mibruneba (mibrunda),

mitrialeba (mitrialda).

aaaa----ndarndarndarndarö (in¢do�t, in¢de�t) daniaveba

(uniavebs, dauniava).

anduanduanduandu dideda, bebia

ö----neineineinei----aaaaörararara (dnei-aöi…e�t, dnei-aö�t) win

da ukan siaruli (win da ukan dadis,

win da ukan iara).

aaaa----nnnn¡¡¡¡irairairaira (dn¡�t) misvla (mivida).

aaaa----nknknknk¥¥¥¥laralaralaralara (in¢kˆle�t) Sekaveba

(Seakava).

ö----nknknknk½½½½aaaa odesRac, uwin, winaT.

ö----nknknknk½½½½ znˆ znˆ znˆ znˆ odesRac.

ö----nknknknk½½½½apˆSapˆSapˆSapˆS ´́́́TaTaTaTa Sardis buSti, qanTili.

ö----naSaifanaSaifanaSaifanaSaifa biZaSvili vaJi (dedis Zmisa).

ö----nlaSaifhanlaSaifhanlaSaifhanlaSaifha biZaSvili qali (dedis

Zmisa).

aaaa----nlahnlahnlahnlah◦SafSafSafSafö deidaSvili vaJi.

ö----nlahnlahnlahnlah◦SafhaSafhaSafhaSafha deidaSvili qali.

ö----nlahnlahnlahnlah◦SSSSöZaraZaraZaraZara RviZli deida.

aaaa----nynynyny½½½½ararararö 1. (dan¢y½e�t) mijaxeba (miajaxa),

dajaxeba (daajaxa), datakeba (daataka).

anSaanSaanSaanSa biZa (dediT)

anSa ifhanSa ifhanSa ifhanSa ifh◦ˆsˆsˆsˆs bicola (dedis Zmis coli)

ö----nSannSannSannSan xali.

anSaZaraanSaZaraanSaZaraanSaZara RviZli biZa (dedis Zma)

aaaa----ncncncnc◦ö RmerTi.

aaaa----nwnwnwnw¥¥¥¥rararara (n¢wit) gaZleba (gaZlo).

aaaa----nwnwnwnw◦ararararö (inw◦¡�t) gamoleva (gamoilia),

gaTaveba (Tavdeb, gaTavda).

191

ö----nWanWanWanWa nekerCxali.

aaaa----nxnxnxnxörararara meurnoba.

aaaa----nxa‚nxa‚nxa‚nxa‚¥¥¥¥ glexi, glexkaci.

nxˆwnxˆwnxˆwnxˆw imier, gadaRma.

anxanxanxanx◦aaaa dedamTili.

ö----nxnxnxnx½½½½axaxaxax½½½½ patarZlis misaloci qmris

axlo naTesavebisagan.

aaaa----nnnn¥¥¥¥ga ga ga ga 1. sawveli, durki.

aaaa----nnnn¥¥¥¥JraJraJraJra (in¢J�t) datoveba (datova),

mitoveba (miatova).

aaaa----nˆrxaganˆrxaganˆrxaganˆrxaga----cccc◦ˆ̂̂̂ muSa xari.

aaaa----nˆrxarnˆrxarnˆrxarnˆrxarö 1. (dˆnirxe�t_ dasaxleba

(daasaxla).

aaaa----nˆrxarnˆrxarnˆrxarnˆrxarö 2. (dˆnirx¡�t) darCena

(daarCina).

aaaa----¥¥¥¥farafarafarafara (dan¥fe�t) Camoxtoma

(Camoxta), gadmoxtoma (gadmoxta).

anfsaanfsaanfsaanfsa dedinacvali

aaaa----nnnn¥¥¥¥yyyy◦garagaragaragara (in¥yuigo�t, in¥yuige�t) 1.

rCena (arCens, arCina) sazrdooba

(asazrdoebs, asazrdova) Senaxva

(inaxavs, Seinaxa).

aaaa----nnnn¥¥¥¥yyyy◦a‚â‚â‚â‚ˆ mgzavri, mogzauri.

aaaa----nnnn¥¥¥¥SSSS◦ miwa.

aaaa----nnnn¥¥¥¥SSSS◦afSafSafSafS Tixa.

aaaa----nˆSnˆSnˆSnˆS◦gggg◦öllll belti, goroxi.

aaaa----nnnn¥¥¥¥SSSS◦----cccc◦ˆ̂̂̂ (bzif.). muSa xari.

aaaa----n¥n¥n¥n¥SSSS◦ˆnTraˆnTraˆnTraˆnTra saflavi, samare.

aaaa----nˆcnˆcnˆcnˆc◦ kanafi.

aaaa----nnnn¥¥¥¥xxxx gasavali, xarji.

aaaa----nnnn¥¥¥¥xaxaxaxa xati.

aaaa----nnnn¥¥¥¥hhhh◦agatagatagatagat◦ salocavi.

aaaa----nnnn¥¥¥¥hhhh◦aWaWaWaW ´́́́a a a a sadRegrZelo.

pppp

aaaa----ppppö wvrili.

aaaa----pappappappap mRvdeli, xucesi.

ö----patarapatarapatarapatara (dpat£�t, dpat¡�t) bodva

(bodavs, iboda).

aaaa----ppppötlatlatlatla vada, yavli.

ö----patyaleirapatyaleirapatyaleirapatyaleira (dapatyali¡i…e�t,

dpatyal¡�t) titini (titinebs,

ititina).

ö----patˆ…patˆ…patˆ…patˆ… pativi.

aaaa----ppppöSSSS◦ CaTeTrebuli.

aaaa----ppppöWWWW ´́́́ patara.

aaaa----paWpaWpaWpaW ´́́́aaaa tkipa, jRiba.

ö----pyapyapyapya wero, faranda.

aaaa----pypypypyöSSSS ´́́́ kobri.

aaaa----pˆlhpˆlhpˆlhpˆlhöTTTT wumpe, tlapo.

aaaa----pˆrppˆrppˆrppˆrp¥¥¥¥llll wiwaka, pilpili.

aaaa----pˆxpˆxpˆxpˆx◦ kurtumo. JJJJ

aaaa----JJJJ yurZeni.

aaaa----JJJJö kurdReli.

aaaa----JJJJöbaRbaRbaRbaR½½½½ mamali kurdReli.

aaaa----JJJJöfsfsfsfs dedali kurdReli.

ö----JaRJaRJaRJaR½½½½ WaWa.

aaaa----JJJJöhhhh◦aaaa uro, sangi.

aaaa----JbaJbaJbaJbaö leSi, mZovri.

aaaa----JJJJ¢¢¢¢iiii mWedeli.

ö----JqJqJqJq◦awaawaawaawa venaxi, zvari.

aaaa----JcJcJcJc◦ö furTxi, naxveli.

aaaa----JwaJwaJwaJwaö SaSxi, lori, apoxti.

aaaa----JJJJ¥¥¥¥mdˆrmdˆrmdˆrmdˆr xorcmeti, korZi.

aaaa----JˆmJJˆmJJˆmJJˆmJ◦ö yurZnis mtevani.

aaaa----JˆnwJˆnwJˆnwJˆnw◦rˆrˆrˆrˆ selSavi, mocvi.

ö----JJJJ ´́́́aaaa ifani, kopiti.

aaaa----JrJrJrJrö (iJu¡�t, iJ�t) 1. Txra, gaTxra

(Txris, gaTxra).

aaaa----JJJJ¥¥¥¥gagagaga bari.

aaaa----JgcJgcJgcJgc◦ mozardi, SeRerebuli.

aaaa----JJJJ◦ 1. Zroxa.

ö----JJJJ◦aaaa sityva.

aJaJaJaJ◦ beberi

ö----JJJJ◦abJabJabJabJ ambavi.

ö----JJJJ◦gagagaga sasmisi.

ö----JJJJ◦gggg◦araaraaraara Zroxis baki.

ö----JJJJ◦einraalaeinraalaeinraalaeinraala leqsi.

aaaa----JJJJ◦¡¡¡¡ifSaaifSaaifSaaifSaa nadirobis RvTaeba, nadirT

RvTaeba.

JJJJ◦ectiectiectiecti¢¢¢¢ guSinwindeli.

ö----JJJJ◦z‚az‚az‚az‚a jilexi, xuzara.

aaaa----JJJJ◦TraTraTraTra boseli.

ö----JJJJ◦lalalala 1. Tesli.

ö----JJJJ◦larlarlarlar xalxi, eri.

ö----JJJJ◦mˆJmˆJmˆJmˆJ◦ Zvelmani, jRanmani, Zvel-Zvuli.

192

ö----JJJJ◦papapapa 1. sqeli.

ö----JJJJ◦papapapa 2. didZali, mravalricxovani;

bevri.

ö----JJJJ◦paraparaparapara sisqe.

ö----JJJJ◦rararara (iJ◦…¡�t, iJ◦�t) sma, daleva

(svams; Sesva, dalia).

aaaa----JJJJ◦rrrrö (iJ◦u¡�t, iJ◦�t) moxarSva

(ixarSeba, moixarSa).

aaaa----JJJJ◦rrrr¥¥¥¥tttt◦ urduli, sakvalTi, saketi.

aaaa----JryJryJryJry◦¥¥¥¥ nexvi, funa.

ö----JJJJ◦SSSS◦öyyyy½½½½aaaa beWi.

ö----JJJJ◦cccc◦eimaa eimaa eimaa eimaa qalamani, tyapuWi.

aaaa----JJJJ◦ZZZZ¥¥¥¥ dorbli.

aaaa----JJJJ◦wwww, , , , öJJJJ◦wˆswˆswˆswˆs mercxali.

ö----JJJJ◦xxxx½½½½aaaa mewveli Zroxa, sawveli furi.

aaaa----JJJJ◦¥¥¥¥laralaralaralara (d¢J◦le�t) ieriSis mitana

(ieriSi miitana) Seteva (Seutia),

mivardna (mivarda), Zgereba (eZgera),

miwydoma (miawyda).

aaaa----JJJJ◦¥¥¥¥nTxnTxnTxnTx½½½½ zuTxi.

aaaa----JJJJ◦ˆrZˆrZˆrZˆrZ¥¥¥¥ Rvia.

aaaa----JJJJ◦ˆ‚Sˆ‚Sˆ‚Sˆ‚S◦öyyyy½½½½aaaa beWi.

ö----JJJJ◦‚a‚a‚a‚a 1. mxari.

ö----JJJJ◦‚a‚a‚a‚a 2. niCabi, xofi.

ö----JJJJ◦‚an‚an‚an‚an ca, zeca.

aaaa----JJJJ◦‚ax‚ax‚ax‚ax¥¥¥¥rrrr mxari.

aaaa----JJJJ◦‚axˆry‚axˆry‚axˆry‚axˆry½½½½ayayayay½½½½aaaa mxarbeWiani,

mxarbeWganieri.

rrrr

aaaa----rrrr jari, laSqari, spa.

aaaa----rrrrö 1. kakali (xe).

ö----raaiguarraaiguarraaiguarraaiguara (¢raag…e�t) daaxloveba

(daaxlova).

aaaa----rrrröaraaraaraara 1. (iröa�t) gaCexa (gaCexa).

ö----raafsararaafsararaafsararaafsara (d¢raafse�t) daRla

(...daRala), ...daqancva (daqanca).

aaaa----rrrröbarabarabarabara (diröbe�t) begva, mibegva

(mibegva).

ö----raznˆraznˆraznˆraznˆ vercxli.

aaaa----razyˆrazyˆrazyˆrazyˆ bedi, iRbali.

ö----razyˆdarazyˆdarazyˆdarazyˆda uiRblo, ubedo.

aaaa----razyˆcrazyˆcrazyˆcrazyˆc◦gggg½½½½aaaa bedSavi, ubeduri.

aaaa----rrrrökkkk◦aaaa mxviara

rrrrömfxmfxmfxmfx½½½½aZa aZa aZa aZa pirvelad, Tavdapirvelad,

uwinares yovlisa.

aaaa----rrrröparaparaparapara (iröpo�t, iröpe�t) 1. tkepna,

datkepna (tkepnis, datkepna), bekna,

dabekna (beknis, dabekna).

aaaa----rrrröJJJJ◦rararara (diröJ◦�t) dabereba (daabera),

moxuceba (moaxuca).

aaaa----rasrasrasrasö Txili.

aaaa----rrrröfafafafa wengo.

ö----raSraSraSraS ´́́́ Tela.

aaaa----raSraSraSraS ´́́́ˆ̂̂̂ urwyuli, nigvzis zeTi.

ö----raSraSraSraS◦araaraaraara (draS◦£�t, draS◦¡�t)

margvela (marglavs; margla, gamargla).

ö----racracracrac◦aaaa bevri, mravali.

ö----raxraxraxrax◦ saqoneli, pirutyvi.

aaaa----raxraxraxrax¤¤¤¤cccc 1. Zafi.

aaaa----rbaarrbaarrbaarrbaarö (irbaö�t) lpoba, dalpoba

(daalpo).

ö----rbaaZararbaaZararbaaZararbaaZara (¢rbaaZe�t) dasveleba

(daasvela).

aaaa----rbarrbarrbarrbarö 1. (iirb¡�t) Cveneba (aCvena);

danaxveba (daanaxva).

aaaa----rbarrbarrbarrbarö 2. (irb¡it) 1. Sroba, gaSroba

(gaaSro).

aaaa----rbrbrbrb¡¡¡¡iaraiaraiaraiara (dirb¡ie�t) gamdidreba

(gaamdidra).

aaaa----rbˆwrrbˆwrrbˆwrrbˆwrö (irbˆwu¡�t, irbˆw�t)

danamceceba (anamcecebs, daanamceca),

fSvna, dafSvna (fSvnis, dafSvna).

aaaa----rgrgrgrg◦öaraaraaraara (dirg◦öa�t) gajavreba

(gaajavra), gaguliseba (gaagulisa),

gabrazeba (gaabraza).

aaaa----rgrgrgrg◦ömwramwramwramwra (irg◦ömwue�t, irguömw�t)

Sewuxeba (awuxebs, Seawuxa).

aaaa----rgrgrgrg◦öyrayrayrayra (dirguöy…e�t, dirguöy�t) 1.

Sewuxeba (awuxebs, Seawuxa).

ö----rgrgrgrg◦bzˆRrabzˆRrabzˆRrabzˆRra (d¢rg◦bzˆR…e�t,

d¢rgubzˆRˆ�t) mialerseba) ealerseba,

miealersa).

aaaa----rgrgrgrg◦ˆrR�araˆrR�araˆrR�araˆrR�ara (dirg◦ˆrRˆ�t) gaxareba

(gaaxara).

aaaa----rgrgrgrg¥¥¥¥laralaralaralara 1. (dirg¥le�t) ayenebs

(aayena).

aaaa----rdarrdarrdarrdarö (iardr�t, iard¡�t) dacxroba

193

(acxrobs, daacxro).

aaaa----rdrdrdrd¥¥¥¥rrarrarrarra (iird¥r�t) 1. cnoba

(acnoba).

ö----rTmayrTmayrTmayrTmay abga.

aaaa----rTrTrTrT¥¥¥¥nCranCranCranCra (dirT¥nC�t) damSvideba

(daamSvida).

aaaa----rTrTrTrT◦ararararö (irT◦¡�t) dnoba, dadnoba

(daadno).

aaaa----rTrTrTrT◦rrrrö (irT◦�t) avseba, gavseba

(gaavso), avseba (aavso).

aaaa----riarriarriarriarö (diri¡�t) dawvena (daawvina).

aaaa----riirriirriirriirö (dˆlr¢�t) Soba (Sva), dabadeba

(dabda).

aaaa----rkrkrkrk½½½½öTaraTaraTaraTara (dirk½öTe�t) gabedniereba

(gaabedniera).

ö----rlasrarlasrarlasrarlasra (¢rlas�t) 1. daCqareba

(daaCqara).

aaaa----rmrmrmrmöWraWraWraWra (irmöW�t) Semcireba

(Seamcira).

ö----rnaararnaararnaararnaara (¢rnaa�t) gadaxra (gadaxara).

aaaa----rnrnrnrn¥¥¥¥yyyy◦araaraaraara (dirn¥y◦io�t, dirn¥y◦e�t)

gaseirneba.

ö----rJrJrJrJ◦rararara (i¢rJ◦�t) smeva (asmevs, asva),

dalevineba (daalevina).

ö----rrarrarrarra (d¥r�t) wyalze gasvla (wyalze

gavida), wyals gaRma gasvla (wyals

gaRma gavida).

ö----rsararsararsararsara (iörse�t) moneleba (moinela).

ö----rsrarsrarsrarsra (ia¢rs�t) darWoba (daarWo),

dasoba (daaso).

aaaa----rtrtrtrtötaratarataratara (artöte�t) darbileba

(daarbila).

aaaa----rfrfrfrfö qeri.

arfˆsarfˆsarfˆsarfˆs Wabuki, ymawvili.

aaaa----rfSrfSrfSrfS ´́́́rrrrö (irfS´�t) yurebineba

(ayurebina).

aaaa----rfxarrfxarrfxarrfxarö (irfx£�t, irfx¡�t) gaTboba

(aTbobs, gaaTbo).

ö----ryawararyawararyawararyawara (i¢ryawe�t) gakeTebineba

(gaakeTebina).

aaaa----ryudrryudrryudrryudrö (iryud�t) kreWa, gakreWa

(gakriWa).

aaaa----ryryryry◦dtdtdtdt◦¥¥¥¥ fafar SekreWili erTi wlis

kvici.

aaaa----ryryryry◦ˆWrˆWrˆWrˆWrö (iryuW�t) WmuWna (daWmuWna).

aaaa----ryryryry½½½½fsrafsrafsrafsra (iry½öfs�t) gabrtyeleba

(gaabrtyela).

aaaa----rSarrSarrSarrSarö (irS£�t, irS¡�t) poba, gapoba

(apobs, gaapo).

aaaa----rSrrSrrSrrSrö (diirS�t) mokvlevineba

(moakvlevina).

ö----rSrSrSrS ´́́́araaraaraara (¢rSó�t, ¢rSé�t) grexa,

dagrexa (grexs, dagrixa).

aaaa----rSrSrSrS ´́́́ararararö (irS´¡�t) gaTeneba (gaaTena).

ö----rSrSrSrS ´́́́rararara muclis tifi.

ö----rCCararCCararCCararCCara (d¢rCCo�t, d¢rCCe�t) gacineba

(acinebs, gaacina).

aaaa----rCrCrCrC ´́́́rrrrö (irC´�t) dakecva (dakeca).

ö----rCrCrCrC ´́́́uafxuafxuafxuafx½½½½ˆZˆZˆZˆZ qeba, qeba-dideba.

ö----rcrcrcrc◦agaagaagaaga dasaZinebeli.

ö----rZsararZsararZsararZsara (dirZse�t) curva (acurava).

ö----rZrZrZrZ◦ZZZZ◦araaraaraara (i¢rZ◦Z◦e�t) garecxvineba

(gaarecxvina).

aaaa----rwa‚ˆrwa‚ˆrwa‚ˆrwa‚ˆ maswavlebeli.

aaaa----rwrwrwrw◦----mˆrmˆrmˆrmˆrwwww◦¥¥¥¥ wnili, mJave.

aaaa----rwrwrwrw◦¥¥¥¥ wnili; mJave.

aaaa----rwrwrwrw◦¥¥¥¥raxraxraxrax◦acacacac Wiayela.

aaaa----rwrwrwrw◦¥¥¥¥uarauarauarauara (dirwi¥ue�t) atireba

(atira, aatira).

aaaa----rWrWrWrW ´́́́ˆxaraˆxaraˆxaraˆxara (dirW´¥xé�t) gaRviZeba

(gaaRviZa).

ö----rxaararxaararxaararxaara (¢rxaa�t) datkboba (daatkbo).

aaaa----rxarrxarrxarrxarö 1. (irx¡�t) gacveTa (gacviTa),

daxeva (daxia).

ö----rxarxarxarxarararararararara (¢rxareit) daSoreba

(daaSora).

aaaa----rxiarrxiarrxiarrxiarö 1. (irxi¡�t) momzadeba

(moamzada), gamzadeba (gaamzada),

damzaeba (daamzada).

aaaa----rxnrxnrxnrxn¥¥¥¥SnaSnaSnaSna (qvabis) sakideli ,candi.

aaaa----rxrrxrrxrrxrö (irxu¡�t, irxˆ�t) mka, momka

(mkis, momka).

aaaa----rxuWrrxuWrrxuWrrxuWrö (irxuWu¡�t, irxuW�t)

dapataraveba (aparatavebs, daapatarava).

aaaa----rxrxrxrx½½½½rararara (i¢rx�t) tkena (atkina).

aaaa----rjarrjarrjarrjarö (dirj£it, dirj¡it) Zraxva,

daZraxva (Zraxavs, daZraxa).

aaaa----rharrharrharrharö (irhau¡�t, irhö�t) dafrTxoba

194

(frTxeba, dafrTxa).

aaaa----rhrhrhrh◦ararararöxxxx jigari; filtv-gul-RviZli.

aaaa----rhrhrhrh◦rrrrö (irh◦u¡�t, irh◦�t) Zoveba

(aZovebs, aZova).

aaaa----rhrhrhrh◦rrrrö (dirh◦u¡�t, dirh◦�t) Zarcva,

gaZrcva (Zarcavs, gaZarca).

aaaa----rrrr¥¥¥¥mZmZmZmZ (bzif.) skamlogini.

aaaa----rrrr¥¥¥¥fwfwfwfw◦aaaa riki, tizi, WurWelT sacobi

Cxiri.

aaaa----rrrr¥¥¥¥fxrafxrafxrafxra (arˆfxˆ�t) asxma (aasxa) acma

(aacva).

aaaa----rrrr¥¥¥¥fxfxfxfx½½½½, , , , arararar¥¥¥¥fxfxfxfx½½½½aaaa xala, Woki (grZeli

joxi, riTac Cveulebriv bertyaven

kakals).

aaaa----rˆfhrˆfhrˆfhrˆfhö filtvi.

aaaa----rrrr¥¥¥¥RRRR½½½½araxaraxaraxarax½½½½ marjvniv, marjvena mxriT,

marjvena mxares.

aaaa----rrrr¥¥¥¥cccc marcvali, kakali.

aaaa----rrrr¥¥¥¥cqcqcqcq½½½½araaraaraara (ir¥cq½o�t, ir¥cq½e�t)

wmenda, gawmenda (wmends, gawminda)

gasufTaveba (asufTavebs, gaasufTava).

aaaa----rrrr¥¥¥¥chachachacha ubeduri, sawyali, sabralo,

sacodavi.

aaaa----rrrr¥¥¥¥xxxx½½½½TSraTSraTSraTSra (dar¥x½TS�t) cieba.

aaaa----r‚r‚r‚r‚ö: aS◦¥r-r‚a Ciri, xmeli xili.

ö----r‚aSr‚aSr‚aSr‚aS ´́́́ nakaduli. ssss

aaaa----ssssö naWeri.

aaaa----sasasasaörararara gobi.

aaaa----ssssöbabababa mtveri.

ö----sabisabisabisabi bavSvi, balRi, ymawvili.

aaaa----ssssöbSbSbSbS ´́́́aaaa SabaTi.

aaaa----sagsagsagsag◦rrrr¡¡¡¡iiii patruqi.

aaaa----ssssöllll soli.

ö----salamsalamsalamsalam----SiySiySiySiy◦ˆ̂̂̂ werili, baraTi.

aaaa----samfsamfsamfsamföllll Caxmaxi.

sarsarsarsarö me.

aaaa----sarsarsarsar¢¢¢¢RaRaRaRa----xxxx◦SSSS ´́́́aaaa karaqi.

aaaa----ssssörkrkrkrk½½½½aaaa mina.

ö----sassassassas stumari

aaaa----saysaysaysay◦ö kunZi.

aaaa----ssssöZZZZ jiqi.

aaaa----saZbsaZbsaZbsaZböllll sawebeli, wveni.

aaaa----saxTanCsaxTanCsaxTanCsaxTanC ´́́́…………öpapapapa ToqalTo.

aaaa----ssssöxxxx½½½½aaaa saxe, piri, pirisaxe.

aaaa----sajsajsajsajöqqqq samfexi; zedadgari.

aaaa----ssss¡¡¡¡igudwaigudwaigudwaigudwa Tovlaoba.

ssss££££upupupup me var.

aaaa----ssss£†£†£†£† aivani.

ö----ssssrararara (d¢sit) cema (scema).

aaaa----srsrsrsröpapapapa Tovlis gunda.

ö----ssassassassa wvrili:.

aaaa----sfsfsfsföllll Tovlis fifqi, fartena.

aaaa----ssss¥¥¥¥ Tovli.

aaaa----sˆbgsˆbgsˆbgsˆbgörararara zvavi.

aaaa----ssss¥¥¥¥TTTT◦hhhh◦aaaa qarbuqi, buqi.

aaaa----ssss¥¥¥¥rZrZrZrZ gamdnari Tovli.

aaaa----sˆrhsˆrhsˆrhsˆrh◦¥¥¥¥ xorxoSela (Tovli).

aaaa----ssss¥¥¥¥ssss kravi, batkani.

aaaa----ssss¥¥¥¥fsafsafsafsa Tovlyinuli.

aaaa----ssss¥¥¥¥fsayfsayfsayfsay◦ö buqi, qarbuqi.

tttt

aaaa----ttttötatatata rbili, TonTlo.

aaaa----tttt¥¥¥¥ bu, bukioti.

aaaa----tttt¥¥¥¥yyyy◦ yua, gnde.

aaaa----tttt¥¥¥¥SSSS ´́́́aaaa ufskruli.

aaaa----tˆ‚ar‚ar tˆ‚ar‚ar tˆ‚ar‚ar tˆ‚ar‚ar Woti.

◦◦◦◦tttt

aaaa----tttt◦aaaaömaaramaaramaaramaara (dt◦aömaa…e�t) aja-bajad

siaruli (aja-bajad dadis).

aaaa----tttt◦önnnn naxarSi, wveni.

aaaa----tttt◦ararararö (dt◦¡�t) jdoma (dajda).

aaaa----tttt◦rrrrö monoba.

aaaa----tttt◦¥¥¥¥ mona.

aaaa----tttt◦¥¥¥¥lalalala qveyana.

aaaa----tttt◦¥¥¥¥mmmm ucxo, gareSe.

aaaa----tttt◦¥¥¥¥mjara mjara mjara mjara ucxo adgili.

aaaa----tttt◦¥¥¥¥‚a‚a‚a‚a rqa.

aaaa----tttt◦¥¥¥¥‚azaw‚azaw‚azaw‚azaw◦ calrqa.

aaaa----tttt◦‚‚‚‚ösrasrasrasra (it◦‚ös…e�t, it◦‚ös�t)

busknaoba (busknaobs, ibusknava).

uuuu

ö----uauauaua 1. naTesavi.

aaaa----uauauauaö mr. (mxr. aua‚¥) xalxi, adamianebi.

aaaa----uaafsuaafsuaafsuaafs¥¥¥¥rararara:::: adamianTa suli.

aaaa----¤¤¤¤bbbbJarZJarZJarZJarZ ferdi, sazarduli.

195

aaaa----uuuuödadadada oTaxi.

aaaa----uuuuözzzz qadageba.

aaaa----uaTuaTuaTuaTöxxxx oTaxi.

aaaa----uuuuöTTTT◦aaaa barZayi.

ö----uaeSarauaeSarauaeSarauaeSara, , , , öuaiSarauaiSarauaiSarauaiSara saxlikacoba.

aaaa----uuuuöpapapapa nabadi.

aaaa----uapscuapscuapscuapsc◦ˆ̂̂̂ peSvi, muWa, bRuji.

aaaa----uapcuapcuapcuapc◦ö qeCa, Teqa.

uaJuaJuaJuaJ◦----azazazaz¥¥¥¥ amJamad.

uaJuaJuaJuaJ◦¥¥¥¥ axla; amJamad.

ö----uarauarauarauara naTesaoba.

aaaa----uuuuörbrbrbrba arwivi, orbi.

aaaa----uuuuörbaJrbaJrbaJrbaJ◦ Zera.

aaaa----uuuuörgrgrgrg½½½½alaalaalaala saqanela.

aaaa----uarduarduarduard¥¥¥¥nnnn uremi.

aaaa----uasuasuasuasö cxvari.

ö----uasauasauasauasa----guguguguörTarTarTarTa arve, fara (cxvrisa).

aaaa----uasuasuasuasöxxxx½½½½CaCaCaCa mecxvare.

aaaa----uasTuasTuasTuasTö xuro.

uaseiuaseiuaseiuasei----jmjmjmjm¡¡¡¡iiii cxvari da Txa.

aaaa----uasiuasiuasiuasiöTTTT anderZi.

aaaa----uascruascruascruascrö cxvris tyavi.

aaaa----uasxuasxuasxuasx¥¥¥¥rrrr saZirkveli.

aaaa----uatuatuatuatölalalala jirkvali.

uawuawuawuaw◦¥¥¥¥ xval.

uaxuaxuaxuaxö amaRam.

aaaa----uaxuuaxuuaxuuaxuömamamama taZari.

aaaa----uaxxuaxxuaxxuaxx½½½½ö vaxSami.

uaxîuaxîuaxîuaxî----CCCC ´́́́nnnn¥¥¥¥iiii dRe da Rame.

uuuuöxxxx½½½½ iq; iqiT.

aaaa----uaxuaxuaxuax½½½½ödddd jogi, rema (cxenisa).

uuuuöxxxx½½½½ˆntˆntˆntˆnt◦ iqidan.

aaaa----uajuajuajuajöyyyy buxari.

kuahakuahakuahakuaha meti, sxva.

aaaa----…a‚…a‚…a‚…a‚----ösasasasa tandabali, tanmomcro, Cia

kaci.

aaaa----…a‚d…a‚d…a‚d…a‚d¤¤¤¤ didkaci.

aaaa----…a‚fs…a‚fs…a‚fs…a‚fs¥¥¥¥ kaci, adamianisSvili.

aaaa----…a‚fsJ…a‚fsJ…a‚fsJ…a‚fsJ¥†¥†¥†¥†aaaa kaciWamia.

aaaa----…a‚xJ…a‚xJ…a‚xJ…a‚xJ◦ö ukmexi adamiani.

aaaa----…a‚…a‚…a‚…a‚¥¥¥¥ (mr. auaö); adamiani, kaci.

ububububössss ise.

ububububösyansyansyansyan maSin.

ubriubriubriubri----öyarayarayarayara imdeni, imodeni.

ubri aynubri aynubri aynubri ayn¥¥¥¥tttt◦ imitom, imis gamo.

ubububub¥¥¥¥ssss ise.

ubububub¥¥¥¥syanwsyanwsyanwsyanw◦yyyy½½½½aaaa maSinve, maSinadve.

aaaa----¤¤¤¤TraTraTraTra bostani.

ununununöSTaxSTaxSTaxSTax½½½½ mazeg.

aaaa----uorhuorhuorhuorhöllll noxi, xaliCa.

uuuu££££upupupup (uarö, u£…p, ua ur£…p) Sen

(mamakaci) xar.

uowuowuowuow◦¥¥¥¥nZanZanZanZa xvalamde.

ö----upupupup (iarö a¤p) is (araadamiani).

ö----uraurauraura (i£u�t) 1. miReba (miiRo); Sovna

(iSova).

aaaa----ururururö 1. mosavali, Wirnaxuli.

aaaa----ururururö 2. (iu�t) qmna (qmna).

aaaa----uraTaguraTaguraTaguraTagölaralaralaralara mosavlis aRebis dro.

urTurTurTurT isini.

aaaa----¤¤¤¤rTrTrTrT buqi, qarbuqi.

aaaa----¤¤¤¤ssss sqme.

usususus ise.

us anus anus anus anökuxakuxakuxakuxa maS, maSasadame.

usususus ise.

aaaa----¤¤¤¤szu‚ˆszu‚ˆszu‚ˆszu‚ˆ muSaki.

aaaa----¤¤¤¤surasurasurasura 1. muSaoba; samuSao.

aaaa----¤¤¤¤su‚ˆsu‚ˆsu‚ˆsu‚ˆ (mr. a¤suc◦a) muSa.

aaaa----¤¤¤¤sfyasfyasfyasfya brZanebuleba.

aaaa----¤¤¤¤RuRuRuRu uReli.

ffff

ö----fafafafa bze, puris Cala.

aaaa----ffffö (mr. afac◦a) vaJi, vaJiSvili, Ze.

aaaa----faaimbfaaimbfaaimbfaaimbörrrr winaswarmetyveli.

aaaa----ffffögggg½½½½aaaa amayi, qedmaRali, yoyoCa.

aaaa----ffffözawzawzawzaw◦ dediserTa vaJi.

aaaa----ffffökkkk◦aaaa obi.

aaaa----fakfakfakfak½½½½öllll badeqoni.

aaaa----ffffönnnn foni.

aaaa----farfarfarfarö (if£�t, if¡�t) wneva, dawnva)

(wnavs, dawna).

aaaa----farafarafarafara (d¥fe�t) xtoma, xtunva

(ixtunava, ixtuna).

aaaa----fffförrrraaaa fuli.

aaaa----farTfarTfarTfarTö 1. momyoli, bude.

aaaa----farTfarTfarTfarTö 2. qviriTi.

aaaa----farfalfarfalfarfalfarfal¥¥¥¥kkkk pepela.

aaaa----fafsfafsfafsfafsö geri (vaJi).

196

aaaa----fffföSSSS◦ fesvi, Ziri.

aaaa----faCfaCfaCfaCö mxecT winamZRoli.

aaaa----fffföZaraZaraZaraZara RviZli Svli (vaJi).

aaaa----fawfawfawfawö ulvaSi.

fawfawfawfawögumJawgumJawgumJawgumJaw◦ Txawvera.

fawaqfawaqfawaqfawaq½½½½ölalalala Txawvera.

aaaa----faxfaxfaxfax½½½½ö moqsovili.

afafafafö‚‚‚‚ maRali, cicabo napiri.

aaaa----fdfdfdfdön n n n rkinis borkili.

aaaa----feiffeiffeiffeifö SviliSvili (vaJi vaJiSvilisa)

Sdr. am£Ta.

aaaa----feifhfeifhfeifhfeifhö SviliSvili (qali

vaJiSvilisa).

aaaa----ffff¡¡¡¡fSfSfSfS ´́́́ bedi, bediswera, sve.

ö----fTafTafTafTa Rrubeli.

ö----fTfTfTfT◦aaaa cxvris pirveli gaparsvis

matyli.

aaaa----fJfJfJfJ◦ararararö (if¢J◦e�t) xeva, daxeva.

ö----frafrafrafra afra, ialqani.

ö----fsafsafsafsa 1. Subi, laxvari.

ö----fsa fsa fsa fsa 2. soWi.

aaaa----fsafsafsafsaö frinveli.

aaaa----fsfsfsfs----aagaraagaraagaraagarö (ifs¥ aaigeit) mosuliereba

(moasuliera).

aaaa----fsabfsabfsabfsaböra ra ra ra buneba.

aaaa----fsfsfsfsödgdgdgdg½½½½ˆl ˆl ˆl ˆl samSoblo.

aaaa----fsfsfsfsösasasasa wvrilfexa saqoneli.

aaaa----fsfsfsfsö----wlawlawlawla soWi.

ö----fsaxgafsaxgafsaxgafsaxga sacvlebi, sacvali.

ö----fsaxrafsaxrafsaxrafsaxra 1. (ifsöxˆ�t) gamocvla

(gamocvala).

aaaa----fsaxarafsaxarafsaxarafsaxara 2. (ifsöxît) sesxeba (isesxa).

ö----fsax‚ˆfsax‚ˆfsax‚ˆfsax‚ˆ moRalate, muxTali, muxanaTi.

aaaa----fsTfsTfsTfsTö xeoba.

aaaa----fsTfsTfsTfsTözaarazaarazaarazaara sicocxle, cxovreba.

aaaa----fsTfsTfsTfsTölaralaralaralara (ifs¥ Töle�t)

mosuliereba (mosulierda).

ö----fsThfsThfsThfsTh◦a a a a Rrubeli.

aaaa----fslfslfslfslöhhhh◦ nezvi, dedali arCvi.

aaaa----fslfslfslfsl¥¥¥¥ wavi.

ö----fslˆSfslˆSfslˆSfslˆS ´́́́ tirifi.

afsnâfsnâfsnâfsnˆ afxazeTi

afsuaafsuaafsuaafsua afxazi

aaaa----fsrfsrfsrfsrö 1. (dˆfs�t) sikvdili, kvdoma

(mokvda), gardacvaleba.

aaaa----fstfstfstfst◦¥¥¥¥ cxoveli.

aaaa----fsyfsyfsyfsy¥¥¥¥ saWe.

aaaa----fsSfsSfsSfsSörararara dasveneba.

aaaa----fscfscfscfsc◦öhahahaha sikvdilis RvTaeba.

aaaa----fsxurfsxurfsxurfsxurö qelexi.

ö----fshfshfshfsh◦ˆsTraˆsTraˆsTraˆsTra sirsveli.

aaaa----fsfsfsfs¥¥¥¥ 1. suli.

aaaa----fsfsfsfs¥¥¥¥ (mr. afsc◦ö) 2. mkvdari,

micvalebuli.

aaaa----fsfsfsfs¥¥¥¥lalalala msuqani, qoniani.

aaaa----fsfsfsfs¥¥¥¥mramramramra mze Casvlisas, Camavali mze

mkvdari mze.

aaaa----fsfsfsfs¥¥¥¥JJJJ ´́́́ˆrTaˆrTaˆrTaˆrTa sasaflao.

aaaa----fsfsfsfs¥¥¥¥ZZZZ Tevzi.

fSbafSbafSbafSba oTxi (araadamiani).

aaaa----fSfSfSfS ´́́́ö qari.

ö----fSfSfSfS ´́́́aaraaaraaaraaara 1. (dfSáau¡�t, dfSáö�t)

Zebna (eZebs, eZeba).

ö----fSfSfSfS ´́́́andandandandögagagaga marao.

ö----fSfSfSfS ´́́́aZaaZaaZaaZa Wyinti simindi.

aaaa----fSfSfSfS ´́́́tttt◦¥¥¥¥ feri.

aaaa----fSfSfSfS ´́́́ZZZZö Tria, TriTina, ciyvi.

ö----fSfSfSfS ´́́́ZaZaZaZa lamazi, turfa.

ö----fSfSfSfS ´́́́ˆrTaˆrTaˆrTaˆrTa simindis yana.

aaaa----fSfSfSfS ´́́́‚‚‚‚¥¥¥¥ mkiTxavi, marCieli.

ö----fSfSfSfS◦mamamama 1. maspinZeli; patroni

(mxolod; ojaxis ufrosis mimarT).

ö----fSfSfSfS◦maramaramaramara maspinZloba.

aaaa----fCfCfCfC¥¥¥¥yyyy◦ marcvleulis sawyavi xisa.

aaaa----fCfCfCfC ´́́́rrrrö (if¥iC´�t) texa, gatexa (gatexa).

aaaa----fCfCfCfC ´́́́xxxxö natexi, namsxvrevi.

aaaa----fwfwfwfw◦ara ara ara ara 1. (if¥iw◦e�t) gawyveta

(gawyvita).

aaaa----fWaWfWaWfWaWfWaWörrrr qoCori.

ö----fxa fxa fxa fxa Tbili.

ö----fxamSafxamSafxamSafxamSa usirxvilo urcxvi.

aaaa----fxfxfxfxörararara siTbo.

aaaa----fxasTfxasTfxasTfxasTö ziani.

aaaa----fxTrafxTrafxTrafxTra qeci, muni, mRieri.

aaaa----fxZfxZfxZfxZöSSSS ´́́́aaaa SromaSi gamonadeni ofli.

aaaa----fxZfxZfxZfxZ¥¥¥¥ ofli.

ö----fxˆnfxˆnfxˆnfxˆn zafxuli.

aaaa----fxfxfxfx¥¥¥¥ZZZZ sizmari.

197

aaaa----fxfxfxfx½½½½örararara (döfx�o�t, döfxe�t) kiTxva,

wakiTxva (kiTxulobs, waikiTxa).

aaaa----fxfxfxfx½½½½arcarcarcarcö Wianuris msgavsi orsimiani

sakravi (simebi Zuisaa).

ö----fxfxfxfx½½½½aZara aZara aZara aZara 1. (ifx½iaZ£�t, ifx½�aZ¡�t)

Tvla, daTvla (Tvlis, daTvala).

aaaa----fxfxfxfx½½½½ˆnZarˆnZarˆnZarˆnZaröxxxx faSvi.

aaaa----fhfhfhfhö (mr. öfhac◦a) asuli, qaliSvili.

aaaa----fhfhfhfhözawzawzawzaw◦ dediserTa qaliSvili.

aaaa----fhfhfhfhöllll koka.

aaaa----fhalffhalffhalffhalfö SviliSvili (vaJi qali

Svilis mxriv).

aaaa----fhalfhfhalfhfhalfhfhalfhö SviliSvili (qali qali

Svilis mxriv).

aaaa----fhafsfhafsfhafsfhafsö geri (qali).

aaaa----fhfhfhfhöZaraZaraZaraZara RviZli qaliSvili.

ö----fhfhfhfh◦ Cala.

ö----fhfhfhfh◦ayuaayuaayuaayua Calis zvini.

aaaa----fhfhfhfh◦¥¥¥¥zbazbazbazba qaliSvili, gasaTxovari qali.

aaaa----fhfhfhfh◦¥¥¥¥s s s s qali, dedakaci, diaci.

aaaa----ffff¥¥¥¥zazazaza beladi.

aaaa----ffff¥¥¥¥zarazarazarazara (diaf¥ze�t) winamZRoloba

(uwinamZRola).

ffff¥¥¥¥TkTkTkTk cota, cotaodeni.

aaaa----fˆTyfˆTyfˆTyfˆTy¤¤¤¤rrrr kvirti, kokori.

fˆTfˆTfˆTfˆT----CCCC¥¥¥¥TkTkTkTk cota ram.

aaaa----ffff¥¥¥¥laralaralaralara (dif¥le�t) Sexvedra

(Sexvda), Semoxvdoma (Semoxvda), Seyra

(Seeyara, Semoeyara).

aaaa----ffff¥¥¥¥nwanwanwanwa cxviri.

aaaa----ffff¥¥¥¥nwaynwaynwaynway½½½½ wvintli, JRvinti.

aaaa----ffff¥¥¥¥rahrahrahrah◦aaaa winsafari.

aaaa----fˆrrafˆrrafˆrrafˆrra (ifr�t) frena, gafrena

(gafrinda).

aaaa----fˆrRfˆrRfˆrRfˆrR¥¥¥¥ naRverdali, nakverCxali.

aaaa----ffff¥¥¥¥rcrcrcrc◦qqqq◦aaaa fafari; jagari.

aaaa----fˆrxfˆrxfˆrxfˆrxögagagaga mavne, mavnebeli, saziano.

ö----ffff¥¥¥¥jjjj balTa, abzinda.

qqqq

aaaa----qqqqödadadada doinji.

ö----qamsaqamsaqamsaqamsa, (bzif.) aqöms banjgvliani,

balniani, bewviani.

ö----qaWaaqaWaaqaWaaqaWaa qaji.

aaaa----qdqdqdqd¥¥¥¥ mori, dire, jirkvi.

aaaa----qlamqlamqlamqlam¥¥¥¥SSSS felamuSi, TaTara.

aaaa----qlafqlafqlafqlafödddd winda.

aaaa----qqqq◦ö wvima.

aaaa----qqqq◦abaabaabaaba----sabsabsabsaböaaaa Tovl-Wyapi.

aaaa----quasquasquasquasöbbbb arCvi.

aaaa----qqqquafsatuafsatuafsatuafsatö TqoSi, Tqori.

aaaa----qqqq◦öCaCaCaCa ixvi.

ö----qqqq◦iTraiTraiTraiTra rameze uflebis qona.

ö----qqqq◦laralaralaralara (d¥qule�t) 1. acoceba

(acocda).

aaaa----qunqunqunqun¥¥¥¥ seli.

ö----qura qura qura qura asaki, xnovaneba, wlovaneba.

ö----qqqq◦rgrgrgrg◦RraRraRraRra (döq◦irg◦Rue�t,

döq◦irg◦R�t) dapireba (hpirdeba,

dahpirda).

ö----qqqq◦ˆrgˆlaraˆrgˆlaraˆrgˆlaraˆrgˆlara (¢q◦irgˆle�t) aweul,

amaRlebul rameze dadgama.

aaaa----qqqq◦ryryryry½½½½ö koWi.

ö----qusraqusraqusraqusra (d¥qusit) xidze, mindorze,

ezoze gadavla (gadavida).

aaaa----qqqq¤¤¤¤cccc jagi.

ö----qqqq◦ZaaraZaaraZaaraZaara (d¥q◦Zaa�t) amowydoma

(amowyda), gadaSeneba (gadaSenda).

ö----qqqq◦warawarawarawara (¢q◦we�t) zed dadeba.

aaaa----qqqq◦warwarwarwarö (dˆq◦w£�t, dˆquw¡it qargva

(qargavs, qarga).

öqqqq◦WabraWabraWabraWabra (iöq◦Wab�t) dawebeba (daeweba).

ö----qqqq◦xraxraxraxra (¢q◦ixˆ�t); (iöquixˆ�t) 1.

amaRlebuli zedpiridan: aReba (aiRo).

ö----qqqq◦hhhh◦araaraaraara (¢q◦ih◦e�t) gadagleja

(gadaglija).

aaaa----qqqq¤¤¤¤jmajmajmajma mgeli.

aaaa----qqqq¥¥¥¥TaTaTaTa sofeli.

aaaa----qqqq¥¥¥¥TaTaTaTa----m‚am‚am‚am‚a sasoflo gza.

aaaa----qqqq¥¥¥¥rTbˆzSrTbˆzSrTbˆzSrTbˆzS◦aaaa qarTuli (ena).

qqqqˆrTtˆrTtˆrTtˆrTt◦¥¥¥¥lalalala saqarTvelo.

aaaa----qqqq¥¥¥¥rTuarTuarTuarTua (mr. aq¥rTq◦a, aq¥rTc◦a)

qarTveli.

ö----qˆjqˆjraqˆjqˆjraqˆjqˆjraqˆjqˆjra (dqˆjqˆjue�t, dqˆjq¥j�t)

caxcaxi, acaxcaxeba (caxcaxebs,

acaxcaxda).

qqqq½½½½ aaaa----qqqq½½½½aaaaöd d d d qaRaldi.

198

aaaa----qqqq½½½½ölalalala (bzif.) aqiöl karavi.

ö----qqqq½½½½alaqalaqalaqalaq½½½½ ix. öqalaq�.

aaaa----qqqq½½½½amTamTamTamTö partaxi, nasaxlari.

aaaa----qamsqamsqamsqamsö (adamianisa da oTxfexis) kuWi,

stomaqi.

ö----qqqq½½½½aranjaranjaranjaranj mojamagire.

aaaa----qqqq½½½½arsTarsTarsTarsTö Zeli.

aaaa----qqqq½½½½öqqqq◦aaaa ulayi, vaya, ajilRa.

aaaa----qqqq½½½½ö†††† 1. guneba, qeifi.

ö----qqqq¢¢¢¢aaaa patiosani.

aaaa----qqqq½½½½rrrrö (dˆq½u¡�t, dq�t) kvnesa (kvnesis;,

ikvnesa), oxvra (oxravs, ioxra).

aaaa----qqqq½½½½ˆrmˆtˆrmˆtˆrmˆtˆrmˆt aguri.

aaaa----qqqq½½½½ˆSmˆSmˆSmˆSm¡¡¡¡i i i i yalyi.

aaaa----qqqq½¥½¥½¥½¥SSSS◦ bage, tuCi; laSi.

RRRR

aaaa----RRRRö mteri, duSmani.

aaaa----RRRRörrrr Raribi.

aaaa----RRRRöCaCaCaCa juja, Cia.

ö----Rba Rba Rba Rba gemi, xomaldi.

aaaa----RlRlRlRlömmmm Rlavi, loqo.

ö----RraRraRraRra Wreli, ferad-feradi.

aaaa----RRRR¤¤¤¤ ficari.

aaaa----RuRuRuRuökkkk½½½½amˆsaamˆsaamˆsaamˆsa erTgvari xanjali,

satevari, yama.

aaaa----RRRR◦ˆrwkˆrwkˆrwkˆrwk½½½½ Wiayela.

ö----RRRR◦rararara aRviri.

ö----RRRR◦RRRR◦aaaa Ronieri.

RRRR½½½½ ö----RRRR½½½½araaraaraara naxnavi, xnuli.

aaaa----RRRR½¥½¥½¥½¥CCCC qurdi, mparavi.

aaaa----RRRR½½½½‚‚‚‚¥¥¥¥ Wirveli, anCxli, qafari.

yyyy

ö----yaarayaarayaarayaara (dyaa…¡�t, dyaö�t) yvirili,

dayvireba (yviris, daiyvira).

aaaa----yyyyöbbbb gogra, kvaxi.

aaaa----yyyyözazazaza ostati.

aaaa----yyyyölalalala cixe, cixe-simagre.

aaaa----yyyyöma ma ma ma xanjali, satevari, yama.

aaaa----yamCyamCyamCyamC¥¥¥¥ maTraxi; Solti.

aaaa----yyyyönWnWnWnW abreSumis Wia.

aaaa----yarmyarmyarmyarmö svia, fSala.

aaaa----yarmawyarmawyarmawyarmaw¥¥¥¥ssss bulbuli.

aaaa----yafyyafyyafyyafyöf f f f oCofexi, bakabuki.

aaaa----yafSyafSyafSyafS wiTeli.

aaaa----yaSryaSryaSryaSrö alafi.

ö----yawarayawarayawarayawara (iyaiw£�t, iyaiw¡�t) keTeba,

gakeTeba (akeTebs, gaakeTa) qmna (Svreba,

qna).

aaaa----yyyy◦özzzz 1. msxvili.

aaaa----yyyy◦almalmalmalm¢¢¢¢TaTaTaTa pitna.

aaaa----yyyy◦öndandandanda Tbili, nel-Tbili (siTxe,

haeri).

aaaa----yyyy◦ararararö riye.

aaaa----yyyy◦araaraaraaraönnnn yvavi.

aaaa----yyyy◦arasarasarasarasö gvriti.

aaaa----yyyy◦ördrdrdrd◦ dabali da SedarebiT patara,

mogrZo skami.

aaaa----yyyy◦örTrTrTrT kruxi.

aaaa----yyyy◦öyyyy◦a a a a zurgi.

aaaa----yyyy◦bbbbörrrr yvibari, patara Wuri, qoco.

aaaa----yyyy◦dddd lobio.

aaaa----yyyy◦mSmSmSmS◦¥¥¥¥SSSS◦ fafuki, funCula.

aaaa----yyyy◦ˆSˆSˆSˆS ´́́́ Wkviani, gonieri.

aaaa----yyyy¤¤¤¤wwww◦aaaa (mdinaris) toti.

aaaa----yyyy¥¥¥¥gagagaga satexi, saWreTeli.

aaaa----yyyy¥¥¥¥z z z z bati.

aaaa----yˆryWyˆryWyˆryWyˆryW¥¥¥¥dadadada xorxi, sasule.

aaaa----yˆryyˆryyˆryyˆry¥¥¥¥ yanyrato, yeli, xorxi,

saylapavi.

yyyy½½½½ aaaa----yyyy½½½½amamamamsör nagavi.

aaaa----yyyy½½½½ararararö (iy½£�t, iy½¡�t) qneva (aqnevs,

aqnia).

aaaa----yyyy½½½½atatatatö Txeli, dRlu.

aaaa----yyyy½½½½öfsfsfsfs brtyeli.

ö----yyyy½½½½aSaSaSaS dasvrili, WuWyiani.

SSSS

aaaa----SSSSö sisxli.

aaaa----SSSSöbˆsTabˆsTabˆsTabˆsTa Sveli.

ö----SaTaSaTaSaTaSaTa 1. Ziri.

ö----SaTaSaTaSaTaSaTa 2. safuZveli.

aaaa----SamaySamaySamaySamayö 1. msxvilfexa saqoneli.

aaaa----SasmaSSasmaSSasmaSSasmaS◦ˆgaˆgaˆgaˆga Wiafera; Sdr. ajamfaz.

199

aaaa----SamxˆSamxˆSamxˆSamxˆ muxli.

aaaa----SanZSanZSanZSanZö†††† furCali.

aaaa----SapsˆrgSapsˆrgSapsˆrgSapsˆrg¤¤¤¤wawawawa fexisguli.

aaaa----SapxSapxSapxSapx¥¥¥¥c c c c 1. frCxili.

aaaa----SapSapSapSap¥¥¥¥ fexi.

aaaa----SapSapSapSap¥¥¥¥zawi zawi zawi zawi savaTi.

aaaa----SarguSarguSarguSarguöcccc◦ wvivi, kanWi.

SSSSördardardarda bevri.

aaaa----SarSSarSSarSSarSöllll lolua.

aaaa----SarSSarSSarSSarSö†††† zewari.

aaaa----SSSSö…ardˆn…ardˆn…ardˆn…ardˆn Sevardeni.

ö----Saya Saya Saya Saya boZi.

aaaa----SaySaySaySay½½½½örrrr ylorti.

aaaa----SacSacSacSac◦ö fexis TiTi.

aaaa----SacSacSacSac◦kkkk½¥½¥½¥½¥s s s s fexis neki.

aaaa----SacSacSacSac◦xxxx¥¥¥¥bbbb fexis ceri.

aaaa----SawSawSawSawö fexsacmeli.

aaaa----SaWSaWSaWSaW ´́́́ö nabiji, biji.

ö----Sahaga Sahaga Sahaga Sahaga borkili.

ö----SaharaSaharaSaharaSahara (iSahö�t) (cxenisa, saqonlisa)

Seborkva (Seborka), daborkva (daborka).

ö----SˆJSˆJSˆJSˆJ ila.

SˆJxSˆJxSˆJxSˆJx½½½½ö sauzme.

ö----STaSTaSTaSTa kvali; nakvalevi.

ö----STalaraSTalaraSTalaraSTalara 1. (d¢STale�t) dadevneba

(daedevna), gamodevneba (gamoedevna),

gamodgoma (gamoudga), gamokideba

(gamoekida).

ö----STalara STalara STalara STalara 2. (dˆSTöle�t) dawola

(dawva).

ö----STamTaSTamTaSTamTaSTamTa nakvalevi; kvali.

ö----STanˆySTanˆySTanˆySTanˆy◦ara ara ara ara (diiSTan¥y…eit) ukan

midevneba (ukan misdia), ukan miyola

(ukan mihyva).

aaaa----STaRSTaRSTaRSTaRöCaCaCaCa Caskvnili, jmuxi.

aaaa----STSTSTSTöZˆTraZˆTraZˆTraZˆTra (iSTöZˆT�t) adnoba (adna).

ö----STawaraSTawaraSTawaraSTawara (iSTöiwe�t) 1. dabla, Zirs

dadeba (...dado).

ö----STaxSTaxSTaxSTax½½½½ Semdeg, mere.

ö----STaxSTaxSTaxSTax½½½½yayayaya ukan.

ö----STraSTraSTraSTra 1. STamomavloba.

aaaa----STSTSTST¥¥¥¥farafarafarafara (dˆST¥fe�t) axtoma (axta).

aaaa----SkSkSkSk¥¥¥¥llll paWanagi, sakoWuri.

aaaa----SrSrSrSrö (diS�t) mokvla (mokla).

aaaa----SSSS¤¤¤¤SaSaSaSa WiWla, buStula.

aaaa----SSSSSSSS¥¥¥¥hhhh◦aaaa nela, wynarad.

ö----SxaSxaSxaSxa 1. mTa.

ö----SSSSxaxaxaxa 2. futkari.

aaaa----SxagSxagSxagSxag◦örararara safutkre.

SxaSxaSxaSxa----nnnn¥¥¥¥hhhh◦a a a a futkris salocavi.

aaaa----SxSxSxSxörrrr muSa futkari.

aaaa----SxarSxarSxarSxarön n n n dedafutkari.

aaaa----SxarSxarSxarSxaröjjjj Jolo.

aaaa----SxSxSxSxöwwww◦ gundi futkrisa.

aaaa----SxSxSxSx◦aaaa qusli.

aaaa----SxSxSxSx¥¥¥¥mzamzamzamza ska.

ö----SxˆcSxˆcSxˆcSxˆc erTi futkari.

SˆJˆ bzSˆJˆ bzSˆJˆ bzSˆJˆ bz¢¢¢¢aaaa! dila mSvidobisa!

SSSS¥¥¥¥ri ri ri ri netav, neta.

ö----SˆS SˆS SˆS SˆS goWi.

aaaa----SSSS¥¥¥¥carcarcarcar lerwami.

aaaa----SSSS¥¥¥¥c‚ˆc‚ˆc‚ˆc‚ˆ Suriani, xarbi.

aaaa----SSSS¥¥¥¥xxxx◦ pitna.

SSSS ´́́́

aaaa----SSSS ´́́́ tilo, qaTani, mizdura.

ö----SSSS ´́́́aaaa mware.

aaaa----SSSS ´́́́ö Toki, bawari, sabeli.

aaaa----SSSS ´́́́örararara gaTeneba.

aaaa----SSSS ´́́́ararararö 2. (iS´¡it) Seqmna.

ö----SSSS ´́́́ayayayay◦aaaa laye.

aaaa----SSSS ´́́́TrTrTrTrö fetvis beReli.

ö----SSSS ´́́́kuakuakuakuakuakuakuakua TeTri.

ö----SSSS ´́́́lalalala WaRara.

ö----SSSS ´́́́laralaralaralara (lˆS´l¡�t) gaWaRaraveba

(gaWaRaravda).

aaaa----SSSS ´́́́££££uarauarauarauara sicxe, papaneba, papanaqeba.

aaaa----SSSS ´́́́rrrrö 1. (iSú¡�t, iS´�t), yefa (yefs,

daiyefa).

aaaa----SSSS ´́́́rrrrö 2. (iSú¡�t, iS´�t) duRili

(duRs, aduRda).

ö----SSSS ´́́́SSSS ´́́́ wnelRobe, wnuli Robe,

truSuli.

aaaa----SSSS ´́́́SSSS ´́́́ö cximi, qoni, sapoxi.

ö----SSSS ´́́́SSSS ´́́́aRaRaRaR½¥½¥½¥½¥CCCC wiwkana.

ö----SSSS ´́́́SSSS ´́́́rararara (daS´S´¢t) Civili (iCivla).

aaaa----SSSS ´́́́xxxx¥¥¥¥rcrcrcrc◦aRaRaRaR½½½½ krazana, bziki.

ö----SSSS ´́́́hamhamhamham Sxami, gesli, samsala.

aaaa----SSSS ´́́́¥¥¥¥ fetvi, Wadis-mWada.

200

aaaa----SSSS ´́́́¥¥¥¥la la la la fqvili.

aaaa----SSSS ´́́́¥¥¥¥mimimimi mwyerfexa, mwyeris-fexa.

aaaa----SSSS ´́́́¥¥¥¥mhamhamhamha wyavi.

aaaa----SSSS ´́́́ˆslampˆslampˆslampˆslamp¥¥¥¥r r r r Txunela.

ö----SSSS ´́́́ˆqusˆqusˆqusˆqus weliwadi, weli.

aaaa----SSSS ´́́́¥¥¥¥SSSS ´́́́kamsakamsakamsakamsa WianWvela.

aaaa----SSSS ´́́́¥¥¥¥c bzac bzac bzac bza....

aaaa----SSSS ´́́́¥¥¥¥clamSclamSclamSclamS◦ xavsi.

◦◦◦◦SSSS

ö----SSSS◦ 1. wifela.

aaaa----SSSS◦ 2. kari.

aaaa----SSSS◦ararararö SiSi.

aaaa----SSSS◦araca‚âraca‚âraca‚âraca‚ˆ monadire.

ö----SSSS◦araxaraxaraxarax 1. nadiri.

ö----SSSS◦araxaraxaraxarax----JˆJˆJˆJˆ nadiris xorci.

aaaa----SSSS◦öfSfSfSfS dafioni.

aaaa----SSSS◦afˆjafafˆjafafˆjafafˆjaf mcenareuloba.

aaaa----SSSS◦öqqqq½½½½ Tofi.

ö----SSSS◦TTTT yvavili.

SSSS◦iiii¢¢¢¢fxfxfxfx½½½½aZ aZ aZ aZ wyeuli, SeCvenebuli,

dawyevlili, dakrulvili.

ö----SSSS◦papapapa msxvili.

aaaa----SSSS◦rrrrö (iS◦�t) momwifeba (momwifda)

damwifeba (damwifda).

aaaa----SSSS◦yyyy◦ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ wigni; werili.

ö----SSSS◦CCCC suro.

aaaa----SSSS◦watwatwatwat◦¥¥¥¥ tansacmeli, tansamosi,

samosi.

ö----SSSS◦xarfaraxarfaraxarfaraxarfara (iS◦xairf¡�t) wamosxma

(wamoisxa).

aaaa----SSSS◦¥¥¥¥ ZaZa, Savebi.

aaaa----SSSS◦ˆmgˆmgˆmgˆmg½½½½ör r r r Rrubeli (zRvisa).

CCCC

aaaa----CCCCö puri.

ö----Ca Ca Ca Ca mwyeri.

aaaa----CCCCökuahakuahakuahakuaha puris fqvilis comi; Sdr.

ömaJ◦a.

aaaa----CCCCöltltltlt Celti, lasti.

aaaa----CamsyCamsyCamsyCamsy¤¤¤¤llll CamCa, cicxvi.

aaaa----CanCanCanCanöxxxx TefSi.

aaaa----CCCCörararara 1. puroba, lxini, nadimi.

aaaa----CCCCöfSfSfSfS xorbali.

aaaa----CaSCaSCaSCaS◦ xaWapuri.

aaaa----CahCahCahCahörJrJrJrJ◦ xinkali.

aaaa----CgarCgarCgarCgarö (dˆCg£�t, dˆCg¡�t) marxuloba

(marxulobs, imarxula).

aCaCaCaC¡¡¡¡iiii----jˆkajˆkajˆkajˆka pur-marili.

aaaa----CkamJCkamJCkamJCkamJ◦¥¥¥¥rrrr wirpli.

aaaa----CuCuCuCuön n n n qvabi.

aaaa----CCCCCCCC¢¢¢¢a a a a 1. glaxaki.

aaaa----CCCC¥¥¥¥maza‚ˆmaza‚ˆmaza‚ˆmaza‚ˆ avadmyof, sneuli,

daavadebuli.

aaaa----CCCC¥¥¥¥q�q�q�q� buCqi, Cirgvi.

aaaa----CCCC¥¥¥¥yyyy◦ CinCaxvi.

CCCC ´́́́

aaaa----CCCC ´́́́ö furiremi.

aaaa----CCCC ´́́́öba ba ba ba 1. mamali cxeni, axta, vaya

(sapirispiro aC´ön).

aaaa----CCCC ´́́́öbaabaabaabaa, , , , aCaCaCaC ´́́́öbaaJbaaJbaaJbaaJ◦ jaglagi, jaxraki cxeni.

aaaa----CCCC ´́́́adadadadö viri, saerTod.

aaaa----CCCC ´́́́önnnn faSati, Waki (cxeni, viri da

misT.).

aaaa----CCCC ´́́́vakvakvakvak¥¥¥¥ marqafa cxeni.

aaaa----CCCC´¥´¥´¥´¥ cxeni.

aaaa----CCCC´¥´¥´¥´¥maTmaTmaTmaT◦aaaa akazmuloba (cxenisa).

CCCC ´́́́¥¥¥¥nla nla nla nla dRisiT.

ö----CCCC ´́́́ˆrbaraˆrbaraˆrbaraˆrbara 1. (dl¡iC´ˆrbo�t,

dl´¡iC´ˆrbe�t) arSiyoba, gaarSiyeba

(earSiyeba, gaearSiya).

CCCC ´́́́ˆrfsˆrfsˆrfsˆrfs¥¥¥¥: : : : Cˆrfs¥ öyawara Tavis

momkvdaruneba.

aaaa----CCCC ´́́́¥¥¥¥uardˆnuardˆnuardˆnuardˆn etli.

aaaa----CCCC ´́́́ˆSkˆSkˆSkˆSk¥¥¥¥llll uzangi, avJanda.

cccc

aaaa----cccc niskarti.

ö----cacacaca bali, kaxabali.

aaaa----ccccö sasiminde; nalia.

acalaacalaacalaacala Sili (mazlis coli)

aaaa----carcarcarcarö (dc¡�t) wasvla (wavida).

aaaa----cafccafccafccafcö gasaRebi.

aaaa----cgcgcgcg◦ˆ̂̂̂ kata.

aaaa----cgcgcgcg◦öbaRbaRbaRbaR½½½½ xvadi kata.

aaaa----cgcgcgcg◦öfsfsfsfs kata (Zu).

aaaa----clamhclamhclamhclamhö nikapi.

aaaa----crcrcrcrö marcvali.

201

ö----cucucucu††††araaraaraara gamocana.

ö----cqcqcqcq½½½½aaaa sufTa, wminda.

ö----cccccccc qinqla.

ö----ccakraccakraccakraccakra (dccaku¡�t, dccak¥�t)

siCqare (eCqareba, Cqarobs, iCqaris,

moeSureba; iCqara).

ö----ccakˆraccakˆraccakˆraccakˆra saswrafo, saCqaro, saSuri.

ö----ccˆSccˆSccˆSccˆS◦ ferfli.

ö----cxacxacxacxa Tafli.

ö----cxabJoncxabJoncxabJoncxabJon SuaRame.

ö----cxamgcxamgcxamgcxamg½½½½alalalal Tafliani mWadi.

aaaa----cxarpcxarpcxarpcxarpö ucecxlo Tafli.

aaaa----cccc¥¥¥¥rararara cali.

aaaa----cˆrkcˆrkcˆrkcˆrk½½½½ koWli, mkelobeli.

aaaa----cˆfxcˆfxcˆfxcˆfx½½½½ 1. Sxefi.

aaaa----cccc¥¥¥¥RRRR kverna.

aaaa----cccc¥¥¥¥xaxaxaxa Talgami.

◦◦◦◦cccc

aaaa----cccc◦ xari.

aaaa----cccc◦ö 1. tyavi.

aaaa----cccc◦ö 2. cvili, Taflis sanTeli.

ö----cccc◦aaaa Zili.

aaaa----cccc◦ababababöJJJJ◦ fiWa, fiWi, xveza.

aaaa----cccc◦ölaSlaSlaSlaS◦araaraaraara winagrZnoba; ic◦ö

iölaS◦e�t tanma ugrZno.

ö----cccc◦amaamaamaama muclis Wia.

aaaa----cccc◦öJJJJ◦araaraaraara (dc◦öJ◦o�t, dc◦öJ◦e�t)

laparaki (laparakobs, ilaparaka).

ö----cccc◦araaraaraara (d¥c◦e�t) daZineba (daiZina).

aaaa----cccc◦arTarTarTarTö logini, qveSagebi.

aaaa----cccc◦aRaRaRaR½½½½ kuro, buRa.

aaaa----cccc◦ayayayay◦aaaa cisartyela.

ö----cccc◦gggg½½½½aaaa cudi, avi.

aaaa----cccc◦eixaeixaeixaeixa saxnisi.

ö----cccc◦kambaSkambaSkambaSkambaS xarkameCi.

aaaa----cccc◦qurfqurfqurfqurfö zvirTi, talRa.

aaaa----cccc◦SxuSxuSxuSxuö saxvneli kbili.

ö----cccc◦cccc◦ burbuSela, narandi.

acacacac◦wˆswˆswˆswˆs (bzif.) mr. ac◦waraq◦a) mozveri.

aaaa----cccc◦ˆbbˆlxˆbbˆlxˆbbˆlxˆbbˆlx¥¥¥¥ namwvi.

aaaa----cccc◦ˆblayˆblayˆblayˆblay¥¥¥¥ majlajuna.

aaaa----cccc◦ˆgˆgˆgˆg½½½½xxxx¥†¥†¥†¥†aaaa aramzada.

aaaa----cccc◦¥¥¥¥mzamzamzamza sanTeli.

ö----cccc◦ˆmwˆmwˆmwˆmw buzankali.

ö----cccc◦ˆmhaˆmhaˆmhaˆmha sawovara.

aaaa----cccc◦ˆrcˆrcˆrcˆrc◦mmmmö TafliT da qoniT

Sezavebuli Romi.

acacacac◦¥¥¥¥ZZZZ danakargi.

ZZZZ

aaaa----ZZZZ rwyili.

aaaa----Za Za Za Za mtkaveli.

ö----ZaZaZaZa nedli.

aaaa----ZZZZöm‚am‚am‚am‚a loya, yba, Rawvi, yvrimali.

aaaa----ZZZZörararara weli.

aaaa----ZZZZöZaZaZaZa cvari, nami.

ö----ZaxraZaxraZaxraZaxra (iZaxu¡�t, iZax¥�t) kerva,

Sekerva (keravs, Sekera).

aaaa----ZaxZaxZaxZax◦aaaa vazi.

aaaa----ZbZbZbZbö wyurvili.

ö----ZbaxZbaxZbaxZbax◦ ambavi.

aaaa----ZlagZlagZlagZlagörararara wisqvili.

aaaa----ZlagZlagZlagZlagöraxraxraxrax½½½½CaCaCaCa mewisqvile.

aaaa----ZmZmZmZmöxxxx Waobi, WanWrobi.

aaaa----ZnZnZnZn¥¥¥¥rcrcrcrc◦ wylis gaRma.

ö----ZRab ZRab ZRab ZRab gogo, gogona.

aaaa----ZRZRZRZR¥¥¥¥ loya, Rawvi.

ö----ZyˆZyˆZyˆZyˆ Cvili, qorfa, ToTo bavSvi,

ZuZumwovara bavSvi.

aaaa----ZZZZZZZZ¡¡¡¡iiii ZiZa.

aaaa----ZˆZˆZˆZˆ wyali.

aaaa----ZZZZ¥¥¥¥kutˆkutˆkutˆkutˆ gareuli ixvi.

aaaa----Zˆn Zˆn Zˆn Zˆn zamTari.

aaaa----ZˆrkZˆrkZˆrkZˆrk¤¤¤¤iiii cicinaTela.

aZaZaZaZ¥¥¥¥r‚aSr‚aSr‚aSr‚aS ´́́́ nakaduli.

aaaa----ZˆsZˆsZˆsZˆs Tikani, cikani.

aaaa----ZZZZ¥¥¥¥tytytyty◦aaaa gube.

aaaa----ZZZZ¥¥¥¥cccc◦a a a a yanCa.

◦◦◦◦ZZZZ

ö----ZZZZ◦ZZZZ◦araaraaraara (iZ◦Z◦o�t, iZ◦Z◦¡�t) bana,

dabana (bans, dabana).

wwww

aaaa----wawawawa 1. fskeri; amS´¥n öwa zRvis fskeri.

aaaa----wwww tili, mkbenari.

aaaa----wwwwöaaaa 1. yinuli.

aaaa----wwwwöawlaawlaawlaawla aryi, aryis xe.

202

aaaa----wwwwöbˆrgbˆrgbˆrgbˆrg simarTle.

aaaa----wakrwakrwakrwakrö (iwaik¥�t) Sebma (Seaba).

ö----wan wan wan wan (zRapruli) juja xalxi, qondris

xalxi.

aaaa----warwarwarwarö 1. (iw£�t, iw¡�t) swavla

(swavlobs, iswavla).

aaaa----wargwargwargwarg◦ö bijgi, sabrjeni, brjeni.

aaaa----warwarwarwar¥¥¥¥ cqviti, mardi.

aaaa----wwwwössss wesi, Cveuleba, adaTi.

aaaa----waRwaRwaRwaRö Txeli, sifrifana.

ö----wayawayawayawaya qveS.

ö----waSˆc‚ˆwaSˆc‚ˆwaSˆc‚ˆwaSˆc‚ˆ Suriani, xarbi.

aaaa----wwww¢¢¢¢aaaaaaaa mcenare.

aaaa----wkwkwkwk¥¥¥¥ kaba.

aaaa----wlawlawlawla xe.

aaaa----wlarkwlarkwlarkwlark¤¤¤¤kukukuku kodala, xekodala,

xekakuna.

ö----wfˆrrawfˆrrawfˆrrawfˆrra (¢wfˆr�t) afrena (afrinda).

aaaa----wRwRwRwR¤¤¤¤papapapa qeCa, Culi.

ö----wx wx wx wx Rame.

ö----wxabJon wxabJon wxabJon wxabJon SuaRame.

aaaa----wˆrbwˆrbwˆrbwˆrb¡¡¡¡llll wurbela.

aaaa----wwww¥¥¥¥ssss Citi.

aaaa----wwww¥¥¥¥sTˆ‚rasTˆ‚rasTˆ‚rasTˆ‚ra Citis bude.

aaaa----wˆsZaxwˆsZaxwˆsZaxwˆsZax◦aaaa krikina, usurvazi.

aaaa----wˆxwˆxwˆxwˆx◦aaaa 1. kudi.

aaaa----wˆxwˆxwˆxwˆx◦anânânânˆ bolos.

w‚aw‚aw‚aw‚a----zmzmzmzmömmmm auarebeli; uricxvi.

◦◦◦◦wwww

aaaa----wwww◦ö vaSli.

aaaa----wwww◦ötamatamatamatama gargari.

aaaa----wwww◦gggg¤¤¤¤rrrr ankesi.

aaaa----wwww◦rrrr¥¥¥¥ 1. 1. berwi.

aaaa----wwww◦rrrr¥¥¥¥ 2. 1. grZeli.

ö----wwww◦cacacaca 1. 1. Wiqa.

aaaa----wwww◦wwww◦ö zari.

aaaa----wwww◦ˆmyˆmyˆmyˆmyö satexi, saWreteli.

aaaa----wwww◦¥¥¥¥uatuatuatuat◦ satirali.

aaaa----wwww◦ˆwˆwˆwˆw◦rrrrö (iw◦ˆw◦�t) damJaveba

(damJavda), daZmareba (daZmarda).

aaaa----wwww◦¥¥¥¥jjjj wumwuma, asanTi.

WWWW aaaa----WabWabWabWab¥¥¥¥rxrxrxrx◦aaaa xezi.

aaaa----WWWWödddd, , , , aWaWaWaWödJˆdJˆdJˆdJˆ yurZnis jiSia erTgvari.

aaaa----WandWandWandWandörrrr Wadari.

aaaa----WapWapWapWapönnnn Wipi.

aaaa----WarxWarxWarxWarxöllll 1. Warxali.

aaaa----WWWWöWa Wa Wa Wa Tirkmeli, WaWa.

ö----WkWkWkWk◦nnnn vaJi, vaJiSvili.

aaaa----WyarapWyarapWyarapWyarapötttt orTiTi, orkapi; Sdr.

aWrapöt.

aaaa----WyWyWyWy◦artartartartötttt ionja.

aaaa----WWWW¥¥¥¥kkkk◦ varcli.

aaaa----WWWW¥¥¥¥nWa nWa nWa nWa patara Citi, romelic RobeebSi

Zvreba.

aaaa----WWWW¥¥¥¥rkrkrkrk◦aaaa miwavaSla.

WWWW ´́́́

ö----WWWW ´́́́aaaa Tasi.

aaaa----WWWW ´́́́afafafaf¥¥¥¥cccc: : : : mWevrmetyveli.

aaaa----WWWW ´́́́am‚aam‚aam‚aam‚a ylapi, ylupi.

aaaa----WWWW ´́́́örararara axalgazrdoba, siymawvile.

aaaa----WWWW ´́́́arparparparpönnnn, , , , aWaWaWaW ´́́́arparparparp¥¥¥¥nnnn salamuri.

aaaa----WWWW ´́́́asasasasöxxxx½½½½a a a a saxe, pirisaxe.

aaaa----WWWW ´́́́öfxfxfxfx½½½½aaaa risame win.

aaaa----WWWW ´́́́ayayayay½½½½ö cicabo ferdi, cicabo

ferdobi, cicabo gverdobi.

aaaa----WWWW ´́́́aZaZaZaZ¥¥¥¥ nerwyvi.

aaaa----WWWW ´́́́axaraxaraxaraxarö (daWáx¡�t) gaymawvileba

(gaymawvilda).

aaaa----WWWW ´́́́aharaharaharaharö simunje, munjoba.

aaaa----WWWW ´́́́baarbaarbaarbaarö marxva.

aaaa----WWWW ´́́́fSfSfSfS ´́́́¥¥¥¥laralaralaralara Sesaxedaoba, garegnoba,

ieri.

aaaa----WWWW ´́́́SSSS ´́́́ö furi.

aaaa----WWWW ´́́́¥¥¥¥ 1. piri.

WWWW ´́́́¥¥¥¥mTmTmTmT Cumi.

aaaa----WWWW ´́́́ˆrhˆrhˆrhˆrhössss mTqnareba.

aaaa----WWWW ´́́́¥¥¥¥xraxraxraxra (iW´¥ixˆ�t) moxsna (moxsna),

Camoxsna Camoxsna).

xxxx

aaaa----x x x x Txle.

ö----xaxaxaxa 1. toteb Semokvecili boZi; 2.

toteb Sekvecili Wigo; 3. toteb

Sekvecili barji kibed saxmari.

203

ö----xaa xaa xaa xaa tkbili, gemrieli.

aaaa----xabxabxabxabörrrr:::: ambavi.

aaaa----xxxxöla‚ˆla‚ˆla‚ˆla‚ˆ misani.

aaaa----xamxamxamxam¥¥¥¥ qurqi.

xarxarxarxarö Sors, Sori, Soreuli.

aaaa----xxxxörararara brali, danaSauli.

aaaa----xxxxörfrfrfrf perangi.

aaaa----xxxxörSrSrSrS◦ patarZlis misaloci saCuqari,

piris sanaxavi.

aaaa----xarwxarwxarwxarw◦¥¥¥¥ mawoni.

aaaa----xafxafxafxaf¥¥¥¥cccc kbili.

aaaa----xaqxaqxaqxaq◦iTraiTraiTraiTra Tavisufleba.

aaaa----xxxxöwawawawa (mr. axac◦a; xöc◦aquak) 1. kaci,

mamakaci: vaJkaci; 2. qmari.

xaweixaweixaweixawei----fhfhfhfh◦¥¥¥¥sisisisi col-qmari.

aaaa----xahxahxahxah◦----gggg◦öllll lodi.

aaaa----xbˆ‚laSxbˆ‚laSxbˆ‚laSxbˆ‚laS ´́́́ö tvini.

aaaa----xTxTxTxT¥¥¥¥ssss Tavgadasavali.

aaaa----xkˆxkˆxkˆxkˆ 1. WaSniki.

aaaa----xpxpxpxpöSSSS ´́́́ meloti, Tavmotvlepili.

aaaa----xsaxsaxsaxsaölalalala Targi.

ö----xuxuxuxu fasi.

aaaa----xxxx¤¤¤¤ Tma.

ö----xxxx◦aaaa 1. naxari.

ö----xxxx◦aJaJaJaJ◦ Sqeri.

ö----xxxx◦acacacac 1. Wia.

ö----xxxx◦acacacac 2. WinWari.

axaxaxax◦ˆbˆbˆbˆbö xuTi.

ö----xxxx◦dadadada 1. kiseri.

aaaa----xxxx◦darCdarCdarCdarC¥¥¥¥ ybayura.

aaaa----xxxx◦dddd¥¥¥¥rararara xrtili, kaknatela.

aaaa----xxxx◦ˆlfwˆlfwˆlfwˆlfw¥¥¥¥ssss Ramura, mRamiobi; Sdr.

axulmw¥s.

ö----xxxx◦marramarramarramarra TamaSi.

ö----xxxx◦SSSS◦aaaa erbo; karaqi.

ö----xxxx◦SSSS◦ wamali.

aaaa----xxxx◦wwww◦¥¥¥¥ yunwi.

ö----xfara xfara xfara xfara metiCara, matrakveca.

xSapxSapxSapxSap¥¥¥¥k k k k samfexa.

aaaa----xSxSxSxS ´́́́ rZe.

aaaa----xSxSxSxS ´́́́¥¥¥¥ba‚ˆba‚ˆba‚ˆba‚ˆ tvini.

aaaa----xCxCxCxC¥¥¥¥ baliSi.

aaaa----xcxcxcxc◦¥¥¥¥ nawnavi.

aaaa----xZxZxZxZ¥¥¥¥ 1. 1. farfali.

aaaa----xZxZxZxZ¥¥¥¥ cila.

aaaa----xwxwxwxw◦axaxaxaxö monaWeri, monakveTi.

aaaa----xxxx¥¥¥¥ 1. Tavi.

aaaa----xxxx¥¥¥¥b b b b saxuravi.

ö----xˆzxˆzxˆzxˆz Srati, sveli, waqa.

aaaa----xî awxî awxî awxî aw¥¥¥¥xueixueixueixuei Tavi da bolo; Tavi da

Tavi.

aaaa----xxxx¥¥¥¥lfalfalfalfa qudi.

aaaa----xxxx¥¥¥¥lfarClfarClfarClfarC fafaxi, boxoxi.

aaaa----xxxx¥¥¥¥mxuamxuamxuamxua umweo.

aaaa----xxxx¥¥¥¥rRrRrRrR RerRili, naRerRi.

aaaa----xxxx¥¥¥¥rxrxrxrx◦ qato.

ö----xˆrxˆrraxˆrxˆrraxˆrxˆrraxˆrxˆrra xvrinva.

aaaa----xxxx¥¥¥¥s‚ˆs‚ˆs‚ˆs‚ˆ msroleli.

aaaa----xˆfSxˆfSxˆfSxˆfS ´́́́ö mZovris suni.

aaaa----xxxx¥¥¥¥qqqq◦ wylis (mdinaris, zRvis, tbis),

Txrilis napiri.

aaaa----xxxx¥¥¥¥cccc◦ balaxeulis wvrili Rero.

aaaa----xxxx¥¥¥¥wakˆrTawakˆrTawakˆrTawakˆrTa TavSesafari.

xˆx�xˆx�xˆx�xˆx� zeviT, zeviTken.

xxxx½½½½ ö----xxxx½½½½aaaa wabli.

ö----xxxx½½½½anTa anTa anTa anTa 1. mZime.

ö----xxxx½½½½aJaJaJaJ Cxikvi, jafara.

ö----xxxx½½½½acaacaacaaca rcxila.

ö----xxxx½½½½SSSS qori.

aaaa----xxxx½½½½ScbScbScbScbö mimino.

ö----xxxx½½½½SSSS◦aSaSaSaS◦aaaa civi, grili.

öxxxx½½½½CaCaCaCa mwyemsi.

aaaa----xxxx½½½½ZZZZ saxeli.

aaaa----xxxx½¥½¥½¥½¥ oqro.

ö----xxxx½½½½ˆmZRˆmZRˆmZRˆmZR augi, sircxvili.

aaaa----xxxx½¥½¥½¥½¥SaSSaSSaSSaS ´́́́ kavSa, koWbroli.

jjjj

aaaa----jjjj muxa.

aaaa----jazjazjazjaz TiTberi.

aaaa----jamfjamfjamfjamfözzzz Wiafera.

jarjarjarjarö erT adgilas.

ö----jaRjaRjaRjaR½½½½ rko.

aaaa----jaSarjaSarjaSarjaSarö (ijöiSo�t, ijöiSe�t) gakvirveba

(ukvirs, gaukvirda), gancvifreba

(gancvifrebaSia, gancvifrda), gaoceba

(gaocebaSia, gaocda.

204

jahanjahanjahanjahan¥¥¥¥m m m m jojoxeTi; jandaba.

ö----jmajmajmajma Txa.

ö----jnˆSjnˆSjnˆSjnˆS ´́́́ satana, eSmaki.

ö----jrˆcjrˆcjrˆcjrˆc rko.

aaaa----jSarjSarjSarjSarö (j¥iSo�t, j¥iSe�t) goneba

(hgonia, egona).

ö----jˆmSjˆmSjˆmSjˆmS warbi.

aaaa----jˆmSjˆmSjˆmSjˆmS¥¥¥¥ xaxvi.

aaaa----jˆqjˆqjˆqjˆq◦rrrr¡¡¡¡iiii simindi.

aaaa----jjjj¥¥¥¥yyyy◦ra ra ra ra kuzi; kuzianoba.

jjjj ´́́́

aaaa----jjjj ´́́́ ka ka ka kanisnisnisnis WuWyi.

aaaa----jjjj ´́́́¥¥¥¥rrrr foladi.

aaaa----jjjj ´́́́¥¥¥¥SSSS ´́́́ 1. niori.

aaaa----jjjj ´́́́ˆxˆxˆxˆx jmuxi.

hhhh

aaaa----habˆrzakhabˆrzakhabˆrzakhabˆrzak½½½½ sazamTro.

aaaa----hhhhörgrgrgrg½½½½ qolga.

aaaa----haskhaskhaskhask½¥½¥½¥½¥n n n n balaxi.

◦◦◦◦hhhh

aaaa----h h h h mTavari.

aaaa----hhhh◦ö Rori.

aaaa----hahahahaö sazRvari, mijna, zRvari.

aaaa----hhhh◦agagagag¤¤¤¤JJJJ jaWvi.

aaaa----hhhh◦ararararö 1. (�h◦£�t, �h◦¡�t) 1. Tqma

(ambobs, Tqva).

aaaa----hhhh◦ararararö 2. (�öih◦e�t) 1. Txroba (uTxra),

moTxroba (mouTxro), moyola (mouyva).

aaaa----hhhh◦öfa fa fa fa taxi, qosmeni.

ö----h�sah�sah�sah�sa qalebi.

aaaa----hhhh◦SadSadSadSad¤¤¤¤ mamida.

aaaa----hhhh◦hhhh◦ögagagaga focxi.

aaaa----hhhh◦ˆzbaˆzbaˆzbaˆzba dana.

aaaa----hhhh◦¥¥¥¥nafnafnafnaf Tagvi.

aaaa----hhhh◦¥¥¥¥nafdunafdunafdunafdu virTagva, virTxa.

aaaa----hhhh◦ˆnafkˆnafkˆnafkˆnafk¥¥¥¥gagagaga saTaguri.

aaaa----hˆnTqhˆnTqhˆnTqhˆnTqörrarrarrarra mefoba.

aaaa----hhhh◦ˆnwˆnwˆnwˆnw◦ö talaxi, lafi, tlapo.

aaaa----hhhh◦ˆnwˆnwˆnwˆnw◦rrrröfSfSfSfS gulwiTela.

aaaa----hhhh◦¥¥¥¥ssss xbo.

aaaa----hhhh◦¥¥¥¥hhhh◦ mtredi.

††††

aaaa----††††araaraaraara Wama.

aaaa----††††arTarTarTarT¥¥¥¥nnnn qariSxali, qartexili,

grigali.

aaaa----††††örxrxrxrx½½½½ 1. fiCxi.

aaaa----††††ösrasrasrasra mexis dacema (mexi daeca).

ö----††††atatatat◦ saWmeli, sakvebi.

aaaa----††††öqqqq½½½½ orTqli.

aaaa----†¥†¥†¥†¥ 1. Weqa-quxilis RmerTi.

aaaa----†¥†¥†¥†¥ 2. mexi.

‚‚‚‚

ö----‚‚‚‚ CrCili.

aaaa----‚‚‚‚ö xmeli.

aaaa----‚‚‚‚ögaragaragaragara amoyvana.

aaaa----‚adara‚adara‚adara‚adara aRmarTi.

aaaa----‚‚‚‚özazazaza qanCi.

aaaa----‚ar‚ar‚ar‚arö (�‚£�t, i‚¡�t) xmoba.

aaaa----‚‚‚‚öfarafarafarafara (d‚öfe�t) axtoma (axta).

aaaa----‚‚‚‚¡¡¡¡JJJJ yviTeli.

aaaa----‚nrT‚nrT‚nrT‚nrTö ojaxi.

aaaa----‚n‚n‚n‚n¥¥¥¥ saxli.

aaaa----‚n‚n‚n‚n¥¥¥¥maTmaTmaTmaT◦aaaa aveji, avejeuloba, dgami.

aaaa----‚‚‚‚¥¥¥¥ Rvino.

aaaa----‚ˆms‚ˆms‚ˆms‚ˆmsögggg cocxi.

aaaa----‚‚‚‚¥¥¥¥rararara damwerloba.

ö----‚ˆsTaa‚ˆsTaa‚ˆsTaa‚ˆsTaa eSmaki.

ö----‚ˆsTaara‚ˆsTaara‚ˆsTaara‚ˆsTaara eSmakoba, qajoba.

205

lilililiteteteterarararatutututurararara

1. nnnn. . . . andGulaandGulaandGulaandGulaZeZeZeZe, klasovani da pirovani uGvlilebis istoriis zogi saki-

Txi iberiul-kavkasiur enebSi, Tb., 1968.

2. rrrr. . . . asaasaasaasaTiTiTiTiaaaanininini, polipersonalizmis ZiriTadi funqcia qarTvelur enebSi,

smam, #2, Tb., 1986.

3. gggg. . . . axaxaxaxvlevlevlevledidididiaaaanininini, ori erTsaxe prefiqsi qarTul zmnaSi, `Cveni mecniereba~,

Tb., 1986.

4. eeee. . . . bababababubububunaSnaSnaSnaSvivivivilililili, anton pirveli da qarTuli gramatikis sakiTxebi, Tb.,

1970.

5. kkkk. . . . gagagagaguaguaguagua, erTi tipis pirnakli zmnebi svanurSi, ike, t. XXI, Tb., 1979.

6. TTTT. . . . gamKregamKregamKregamKrelilililiZeZeZeZe, zmnis `pirianoba da valentoba~. saenaTmecniero krebu-

li, eZGvneba g. mayavarianis xsovnisa dabadebis 50 wlisTavs, Tb., 1979.

7. eeee. . . . gegegegeururururqoqoqoqovavavava, kauzativis warmoeba qarTulsa da zog mTis iberiul-kavka-

siur enaSi, saq. ssr mecnierebaTa akademia, macne #2, Tb., 1971).

8. TTTT. . . . ggggvanvanvanvancecececelalalalaZeZeZeZe, afxazuri da qarTuli enebis SemswavlelTaTvis, t. I,

Tb., 2003.

9. TTTT. . . . gogogogoninininiaSaSaSaSvivivivilililili, dialeqtizmebisaTvis hadiSis ZeglSi, enimk-is moambe,

#IV2, Tb., 1938.

10. mmmm. . . . dadadadamemememenianianiania, zmnur morfemaTa struqturuli modelebi da maTi de-

finiciis Teoriuli safuZvlebi Tanamedrove qarTulis monacemTa mixedviT,

Tb., 1975 (sadoqtoro disertacia).

11. mmmm. . . . dadadadamemememenianianiania, qarTuli zmnuri formebis struqturuli modelebi, Tb.,

1982.

12. kkkk. . . . dododododaSdaSdaSdaSvivivivilililili, sagramatiko eskizi, zogierTi mosazrebani zmnaze da

zmnis garSemo, ìveria~ ##214, 217, 219-220, 222; Tb., 1887.

13. rrrr. . . . enuenuenuenuqaSqaSqaSqaSvivivivilililili, xanmetoba-haemetobis sakiTxisaTvis, Tsu Sromebi XIX,

Tb., 1979.

206

14. ffff. . . . ererererTeTeTeTeliSliSliSliSvvvviiiilililili, qcevis sakiTxisaTvis qarTulSi, Tsu Sromebi, t.

114, Tb., 1965.

15. iiii. . . . veveveveSaSaSaSapipipipiZeZeZeZe, kauzativis warmoebis ori ZiriTadi modeli qarTulSi,

Tsu filologiis fakultetis samecniero sesia XIII, Tb., 1970.

16. arararar. . . . TaKaiSTaKaiSTaKaiSTaKaiSvivivivilililili, kauzativis warmoebis zogi sakiTxi qarTulSi, qar-

Tvelur enaTa struqturis sakiTxebi, Tb., 1974.

17. vvvv. . . . ToToToTofufufufuriariariaria, d TavsarTiani zmnebi qarTulSi, Tsu Sromebi XXV, Tb.,

1942.

18. vvvv. . . . ToToToTofufufufuriariariaria, zmnis uZvelesi sufiqsaciisaTvis qarTulSi, smam, t. III,

#5, Tb., 1942.

19. vvvv. . . . ToToToTofufufufuriariariaria, mesame tipis vnebiTis warmoeba qarTulSi, smam, t. III,

#9, Tb., 1942.

20. vvvv. . . . ToToToTofufufufuriariariaria, Sromebi I, svanuri ena, Tb., 1967.

21. gggg. . . . ToToToTofufufufuriariariaria, klasovani uGvlilebidan pirovan uGvlilebaze gada-

svlis erT-erTi gzis Sesaxeb iberiul-kavkasiur enebSi,ike t. XIII, Tb., 1962.

22. vvvv. . . . imimimimnanananaiSiSiSiSvivivivilililili, kauzativi Zvel qarTulSi, Tsu studentTa samecnie-

ro SromaTa krebuli, t. X, Tb., 1970.

23. iviviviv. . . . imimimimnanananaiSiSiSiSvivivivilililili, qarTuli enis istoriuli qrestomaTia, t. I, naw. II,

Tb., 1971.

24. plplplpl. . . . ioioioioseseseselilililiaaaanininini, piruel-dawKebiTi kanonni Grmatikisa, tf., 1940.

25. pppp. . . . kvikvikvikvicacacacaririririZeZeZeZe, qarTuli swormetKveleba, tf., 1888.

26. llll. . . . kikkikkikkiknanananaZeZeZeZe, zmnis oTxpirianobisaTvis qarTulSi, `komunisturi

aGzrdisaTvis~, #8-9, Tb., 1937.

27. alalalal. . . . lelelelekikikikiaSaSaSaSvivivivilililili, afxazuri zmnis potencialisis formis Sesaxeb,

ike, t. II, Tb., 1948.

28. qqqq. . . . lomlomlomlomTaTaTaTaTiTiTiTiZeZeZeZe, afxazuri enis tapanTuri dialeqti (teqste-

biTurT), Tb., 1944.

207

29. qqqq. . . . lomlomlomlomTaTaTaTaTiTiTiTiZeZeZeZe, afxazuri gardamavali zmnis usubieqto formebi, ike,

t. II, Tb., 1948.

30. qqqq. . . . lomlomlomlomTaTaTaTaTiTiTiTiZeZeZeZe, afxazuri da abazuri enebis istoriul-SedarebiTi

analizi, I. fonologiuri sistema da fonetikuri procesebi, Tb., 1976.

31. qqqq. . . . lomlomlomlomTaTaTaTaTiTiTiTiZeZeZeZe, aSxaruli dialeqti da misi adgili sxva afxazur-aba-

zur dialeqtTa Soris (teqstebiTurT), Tb., 1954.

32. qqqq. . . . lomlomlomlomTaTaTaTaTiTiTiTiZeZeZeZe, gansazGvruloba-ganusazGvrelobis asaxva afxazuri

zmnis uGvlilebaSi, macne #2, enisa da literaturis seria, Tb., 1979.

33. qqqq. . . . lomlomlomlomTaTaTaTaTiTiTiTiZeZeZeZe, gardamavlobis kategoria afxazur zmnebSi, enimk-is

moambe, t. XII, Tb., 1942.

34. qqqq. . . . lomlomlomlomTaTaTaTaTiTiTiTiZeZeZeZe, gvaris kategoriis sakiTxisaTvis afxazurSi, ike, t.

VIII, 1956.

35. qqqq. . . . lomlomlomlomTaTaTaTaTiTiTiTiZeZeZeZe, kauzativis kategoria afxazurSi, smam, t. VI, #1, Tb.,

1945.

36. qqqq. . . . lomlomlomlomTaTaTaTaTiTiTiTiZeZeZeZe, lokalur preverbTa ZiriTadi saxeobani da maTi ga-

formeba afxazursa da abazurSi, Tb., 1982.

37. qqqq. . . . lomlomlomlomTaTaTaTaTiTiTiTiZeZeZeZe, miCnevis (moCvenebis, moCvenebiTobis) kategoriisaTvis

afxazur-adiGur enebSi da Sesabamisi warmoebis sakiTxi qarTulSi, ike, t.

XVIII, Tb., 1970.

38. qqqq. . . . lomlomlomlomTaTaTaTaTiTiTiTiZeZeZeZe, potencialisisa (SesaZleblobisa) da uneburobis ka-

tegoria afxazur-abazur zmnaSi, smam, t. XVI3, Tb., 1955.

39. qqqq. . . . lomlomlomlomTaTaTaTaTiTiTiTiZeZeZeZe, saurTierTo kategoriis sakiTxisaTvis qarTvelur

enebSi, I zmnis saurTierTo kategoria zanurSi, qarTvelur enaTa struqturis

sakiTxebi, t. II, Tb., 1961.

40. qqqq. . . . lomlomlomlomTaTaTaTaTiTiTiTiZeZeZeZe, saurTierTo (saurTierTo-saTanao, saurTierTo-sa-

ormxrivo) kategoria afxazur-adiGur enebSi, ike, t. XII, Tb., 1960/1961.

41. qqqq. . . . lomlomlomlomTaTaTaTaTiTiTiTiZeZeZeZe, qcevis kategoriisaTvis afxazur zmnaSi, Tsu Sromebi,

208

t. XXX-XXXI, Tb., 1947.

42. qqqq. . . . lomlomlomlomTaTaTaTaTiTiTiTiZeZeZeZe, `codnis~ aGmniSvneli Ziris Sesaxeb afxazur-adiGur

enebSi, Tsu Sromebi, 133 (142), Tb., 1972.

43. ffff. . . . mamamamakakakakalalalalaTiaTiaTiaTia, aragvis xeobis fSavis toponimika, naw. I, (sakandilato

disertacia), Tb., 1970.

44. gggg. . . . mamamamayayayayavavavavaririririaaaanininini, zmnis ZiriTadi morfologiuri kategoriebi qarTve-

lur enebSi, nakv. 1 (sakandidato disertacia), Tb., 1953.

45. gggg. . . . mamamamayayayayavavavavaririririaaaanininini, zmnis ZiriTadi morfologiuri kategoriebi qarTve-

lur enebSi, nakv. II (sakandidato disertacia), Tb., 1954.

46. gggg. . . . mamamamayayayayavavavavaririririaaaanininini ùniSno vnebiTi~ qarTvelur enebSi, qarTvelur enaTa

struqturis sakiTxebi, t. I, 1959.

47. gggg. . . . mamamamayayayayavavavavaririririaaaanininini, T. gamKreliZe, sonantTa sistema da ablauti qar-

TulSi, Tb., 1965.

48. mmmm. . . . mamamamayayayayavavavavaririririaaaanininini, qcevis kategoriis sakiTxisaTvis, ike, t. XXII, Tb.,

1980.

49. nnnn. . . . mamamamayayayayavavavavaririririaaaannnniiii, -Vv (-av, -iv, -ev, -ov) daboloeba qarTul toponimebSi,

Tsu studentTa samecniero konferenciis Tezisebi, Tb., 1977.

50. dddd. . . . memememelilililiqiSqiSqiSqiSvivivivilililili, inkluziv-eqskluzivis kategoriis gamoxatvis isto-

riisaTvis qarTul zmnaSi, macne #4, enisa da literaturis seria, Tb., 1977.

51. TTTT. . . . memememetretretretrevevevevelililili, inkluziv-eqskluzivis kategoriisaTvis Zvel qarTul-

Si, Tsu Zveli qarTuli enis kaTedris Sromebi, #23, Tb., 1980.

52. gggg. . . . nenenenebibibibieeeeririririZeZeZeZe, qcevis kategoria qarTulSi (transformaciuli anali-

zi), macne, #4, enisa da literaturis seria, Tb., 1976.

53. alalalal. . . . onionionioniaaaanininini, inkluziv-eqskluzivis sakiTxisaTvis qarTvelur enebSi,

macne, #1, enisa da literaturis seria, Tb., 1965.

54. alalalal. . . . onionionioniaaaanininini, meore subieqturi da mesame obieqturi piris morfemaTa

alomorfebis ganawileba xanmetsa da haemet teqstebSi, qarTvelur enaTa

209

struqturis sakiTxebi, IV, Tb., 1974.

55. alalalal. . . . onionionioniaaaanininini, qarTvelur enaTa istoriuli morfologiis sakiTxebi,

Tb., 1978.

56. TTTT. . . . jorjorjorjordadadadanianianiania, qarTuli gramatika, tf., 1889.

57. gggg. . . . rorororogagagagavavavava, aoristisa da kavSirebiT meoris zog afiqsTa genezisisa-

Tvis -ev sufiqsTan dakavSirebiT qarTulsa da megrulSi, smam, t. VI, #8,

1945.

58. gggg. . . . rorororogagagagavavavava, gramatikul klasTa eqsponentebis gadmonaSTebisaTvis

adiGur enebSi, smam, t. XI, Tb., 1950.

59. gggg. . . . rorororogagagagavavavava, ergativis sakiTxisaTvis afxazur-adiGur enebSi, Tb.,

1964.

60. gggg. . . . rorororogagagagavavavava, zmnis polipaersonalizmis istoriisaTvis iberiul-kavka-

siur enebSi, ike, t. XIII, Tb., 1962.

61. gggg. . . . rorororogagagagavavavava, klasiani uGvlilebis pirian uGvlilebaSi gadasvlisaTvis

iberiul-kavkasiur enebSi, smam, t. XIV, #7, Tb., 1953.

62. gggg. . . . rorororogagagagavavavava, kuTvnilebiTi afiqsi qarTvelur enaTa zmnisa da saxelis

morfologiur kategoriebSi (qcevasa da brunvebSi), I, smam, t. III (2), Tb.,

1942.

63. gggg. . . . rorororogagagagavavavava, kuTvnilebiTi afiqsi i- qarTvelur enaTa zmnisa da saxe-

lis morfologiur kategoriebSi (qcevasa da brunvebSi), II, smam, t. III (5), Tb.,

1942.

64. gggg. . . . rorororogagagagavavavava, mravlobiTi ricxvis III subieqturi piris -an sufiqsi qar-

TulSi, ike, t. XVI, Tb., 1968.

65. gggg. . . . rorororogagagagavavavava, organuli da nivTieri kuTvnilebis kategoria adiGeur

enaSi, Tb., 1980.

66. gggg. . . . rorororogagagagavavavava, piris afiqsTa istoriis zogi sakiTxisaTvis adiGeurSi,

smam, t. XXIII, #4, Tb., 1959.

210

67. gggg. . . . rorororogagagagavavavava, piris prefiqsTa gamjGereba sonantebis win afxazur-

adiGur enaTa zmnebSi, ike, t. XVII, Tb., 1970.

68. gggg. . . . rorororogagagagavavavava, polipersonalizmi qvemo-adiGeuri enis zmnaSi, enimk-is

moambe, t. XII, Tb., 1942.

69. gggg. . . . rorororogagagagavavavava, xanmetobisa da haemetobis sakiTxisaTvis, al. wulukiZis

sax. quTaisis sax. ped. institutis Sromebi, t. XV, quTaisi, 1956.

70. zzzz. . . . sasasasarJverJverJverJvelalalalaZeZeZeZe, -n sufiqsiT gamoxatul mravlobiT ricxvSi dasmuli

saxelis zmnasTan SeuTanxmeblobis SemTxvevebi Zvel qarTulSi, smam, #3, Tb.,

1969.

71. zzzz. . . . sasasasarJverJverJverJvelalalalaZeZeZeZe, qarTuli saliteraturo enis istoriis Sesavali,

Tb., 1984.

72. zzzz. . . . sasasasarJverJverJverJvelalalalaZeZeZeZe, xanmet da haemet teqstebSi dadasturebuli zmnis

pirian formaTa saZieblebi, Tb., 1971.

73. mmmm. . . . susususuxiSxiSxiSxiSvivivivilililili, gardamavali zmnebi qarTulSi, Tb., 1986.

74. mmmm. . . . susususuxiSxiSxiSxiSvivivivilililili, subieqturi pirveli piris prefiqsisaTvis qarTvelur

enebSi, ike, t. XXV, Tb., 1986.

75. dddd. . . . uzuzuzuznanananaZeZeZeZe, Impersonalia, `Cveni mecniereba~, #1, Tb., 1923.

76. vlvlvlvl. . . . fanfanfanfanCviCviCviCviZeZeZeZe, kauzativis -ev -v sufiqsi udurSi, smam, t. 1, #6, Tb.,

1940.

77. aaaa. . . . fofofofocxiScxiScxiScxiSvivivivilililili, unebliobis kategoria qarTul zmnaSi, Tsu g. ax-

vledians, Tb., 1969.

78. iviviviv. . . . qavqavqavqavTaTaTaTararararaZeZeZeZe, zmnis ZiriTadi kategoriebis istoriisaTavis Zvel

qarTulSi, Tb., 1954.

79. mmmm. . . . qalqalqalqaldadadadanininini, mesame subieqturi piris niSnis sakiTxisaTvis svanurSi,

saenaTmecniero krebuli, Tb., 1979.

80. aaaa. . . . ququququTaTaTaTaTeTeTeTelalalalaZeZeZeZe, pirvel-dawKebiTi qarTuli gramatika, tf., 1888.

81. dddd. . . . KifiKifiKifiKifiaaaanininini, axali qarTuli grammatika, sxartulad dawerili mamisa-

211

gan SvilebisaTvis, sankt-peterburGi, 1882.

82. iiii. . . . SaSaSaSadudududuriririri, afxazuri enis morfemaTa rangobrivi struqtura (garda-

maval zmnaTa sistema), sakandidato disertaciis avtorefereti, Tb., 1975.

83. akakakak. . . . SaSaSaSaninininiZeZeZeZe, aqtivi da pasivi erTurTis mimarT mravlpiriani zmnis

CvenebiT, Txz. Tormet tomad, t. II, Tb., 1981.

84. akakakak. . . . SaSaSaSaninininiZeZeZeZe, gramatikuli subieqti zogierT gardauval zmnasTan, Txz.

Tormet tomad, t. II, Tb., 1981.

85. akakakak. . . . SaSaSaSaninininiZeZeZeZe, -ev kilos kvali saqarTvelos geografiul saxelebSi,

smam, t. II, #8, Tb., 1941.

86. akakakak. . . . SaSaSaSaninininiZeZeZeZe, zmnaTa gardamavlobis sakiTxisaTvis qarTvelur enebSi, I,

Txz. Tormet tomad, t. II, Tb., 1981.

87. akakakak. . . . SaSaSaSaninininiZeZeZeZe, zmnaTa gardamavlobis sakiTxisaTvis qarTvelur enebSi, II,

Txz. Tormet tomad, t. II, Tb., 1981.

88. akakakak. . . . SaSaSaSaninininiZeZeZeZe, naSTebi III piris obieqturi prefiqsis xmarebisa xmovnebis

win qarTulSi, Txz. Tormet tomad, t. II, Tb., 1981.

89. akakakak. . . . SaSaSaSaninininiZeZeZeZe, orgvari forma mravlobiTi ricxvis pirveli pirisa sva-

nurSi, weliwdeuli, t. I-II, tf., 1923-1924.

90. akakakak. . . . SaSaSaSaninininiZeZeZeZe, piris niSani brunvian sitKvasTan qarTvelur enebSi, Txz.

Tormet tomad, t. II, Tb., 1981.

91. akakakak. . . . SaSaSaSannnniiiiZeZeZeZe, S2 O da 3 qarTul zmnebSi, Txz. Tormet tomad, t. II, Tb.,

1981.

92. akakakak. . . . SaSaSaSaninininiZeZeZeZe, uZvelesi qarTuli teqstebis aGmoCenis gamo, Txz. Tor-

met tomad, t. II, Tb., 1981.

93. akakakak. . . . SaSaSaSaninininiZeZeZeZe, qarTuli enis gramatikis safuZvlebi, Txz. Tormet to-

mad, t. III, Tb., 1980.

94. akakakak. . . . SaSaSaSaninininiZeZeZeZe, qarTuli zmnis saqcevi, Txz. Tormet tomad, t. II, Tb.,

1981.

212

95. akakakak. . . . SaSaSaSaninininiZeZeZeZe, qarTuli zmnis sampirianobis gamo, `kulturuli aGmSe-

nebloba~, #9, tf. 1929-1930.

96. akakakak. . . . SaSaSaSaninininiZeZeZeZe, Zveli qarTuli enis gramatika, Tb., 1976.

97. akakakak. . . . SaSaSaSaninininiZeZeZeZe, haemeti teqstebi da maTi mniSvneloba qarTuli enis is-

toriisaTvis, tum, III, 1923.

98. akakakak. . . . SaSaSaSaninininiZeZeZeZe, h da s TavsarTebis xmareba zmnebSi, qarTuli enis sali-

teraturo normebi, I, Tb., 1950.

99. kkkk. . . . SmidSmidSmidSmidtitititi, indogermanulis mediumi da saTaviso qceva qarTulSi,

mimomxilveli (samecniero-bibliografiuli krebuli) 6-9, Tb., 1972.

100. arnarnarnarn. . . . CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababavavavava, gramatikul klas-kategoriaTa niSnebis etimologiisa-

Tvis qarTvelur enebSi, smam V (4), Tb., 1944.

101. arnarnarnarn. . . . CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababavavavava, gramatikuli klas-kategoria da brunvis niSanTa genezi-

sisis sakiTxi qarTulSi (winaswari moxseneba), smam, t. VII (1-2), Tb., 1946.

102. arnarnarnarn. . . . CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababavavavava, gramatikuli klas-kategoria da zmnis uGvlilebis zo-

gi sakiTxi Zvel qarTulSi (winaswari moxseneba), ike, t. V, Tb., 1953.

103. arnarnarnarn. . . . CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababavavavava, ergatiuli konstruqciis problemisaTvis kavkasiur

enebSi. am konstruqciis stabiluri da labiluri variantebi, enimk-is moambe,

t. XII, Tb., 1942.

104. arnarnarnarn. . . . CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababavavavava, ergatiuli konstruqciis problema iberiul-kavkasiur

enebSi, I, nominatiuri da ergatiuli konstruqciis istoriuli urTiTerToba

Zveli qarTuli saliteraturo enis monacemTa mixedviT, Tb., 1948.

105. arnarnarnarn. . . . CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababavavavava, zmnis gardamavlobasTan dakavSirebuli praqtikuli sa-

kiTxebi, tf., 1934.

106. arnarnarnarn. . . . CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababavavavava, zogadi enaTmecniereba, I, propedevtikuli nawili, mesa-

me Sevsebuli gamocema, Tb., 1946.

107. arnarnarnarn. . . . CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababavavavava, zogi prefiqsuli warmoebis istoriisaTvis qarTul

zmnebSi, ike, t. XI, Tb., 1959.

213

108. arnarnarnarn. . . . CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababavavavava, iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecnierebis Sesavali, Tb., 1979.

109. arnarnarnarn. . . . CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababavavavava, martivi winadadebis problema qarTulSi, I, qvemdebare-

damatebis sakiTxi Zvel qarTulSi, tf., 1928.

110. arnarnarnarn. . . . CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababavavavava, martivi winadadebis problema qarTulSi, I, II gamocema,

Tb., 1968.

111. arnarnarnarn. . . . CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababavavavava, martivi winadadebis evoluciis ZiriTadi tendenciebi qar-

TulSi, smam, t. II, #1 (2, 3), Tb., 1941.

112. arnarnarnarn. . . . CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababavavavava, III piris subieqtis uZvelesi niSani qarTvelur enebSi,

enimk-is moambe, V-VI, Tb., 1940.

113. arnarnarnarn. . . . CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababavavavava, mravlobiTis aGniSvnis ZiriTadi principisaTvis qarTu-

li zmnis uGvlilebis sistemaSi, ike, t. I, Tb., 1946.

114. arnarnarnarn. . . . CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababavavavava, mravlobiTis sufiqsTa genezisisaTvis qarTulSi, ike,

t. VI, Tb., 1954.

115. arnarnarnarn. . . . CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababavavavava, uGvlilebis erTi Tavisebureba qarTul zmnaSi (piris

aGniSvna), saqarTvelos ganaTlebis muSaki, 1926, #4.

116. arnarnarnarn. . . . CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababavavavava, potencialisis kategoria qarTvelur enebSi, enimkis mo-

ambe, t. I, Tb., 1937.

117. arnarnarnarn. . . . CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababavavavava, ra Taviseburebebi axasiaTebs qarTuli enis agebulebas,

V, `kulturuli aGmSenebloba~, #7/8, Tb., 1930.

118. arnarnarnarn. . . . CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababavavavava, riT aris warmodgenili mravlobiTis saxelobiTSi da-

smuli l Zvel qarTulSi?, Tsu moabme, IX, 1929.

119. arnarnarnarn. . . . CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababavavavava, saxelis fuZis uZvelesi agebuleba qarTvelur enebSi,

Tb., 1942.

120. arnarnarnarn. . . . CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababavavavava, qarTuli enis zogadi daxasiaTeba, qegl, t. I, Tb., 1950.

121. arnarnarnarn. . . . CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababavavavava, -Ke nawilaki fereidnulSi da misi mniSvneloba gramati-

ka-loGikis urTierTobis TvalsazrisiT, weliwdeuli, I-II, Tb., 1923-1924.

122. arnarnarnarn. . . . CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababavavavava, yanuris gramatikuli analizi (teqstebiTurT), tf.,

214

1936.

123. dddd. . . . CuCuCuCubibibibinonononovivivivi, qarTul-rusuli leqsikoni, sankt-peterburGi, 1887.

124. nnnn. . . . CuCuCuCubibibibinaSnaSnaSnaSvivivivilililili, qarTuli leqsikoni rusuli TargmaniTurT,

al. Glontis redaqciiTa da gamokvleviT, Tb., 1961.

125. mmmm. . . . cccciiiikokokokolialialialia, afxazuri enis abjuuri dialeqti, Tb., 1969.

126. ssss. . . . xunxunxunxundadadadaZeZeZeZe, qarTuli zmnebi, quTaisi, 1891.

127. aaaa. . . . yinyinyinyinyayayayararararauuuulililili, xevsurulis Taviseburebani, Tb., 1960.

128. iviviviv. . . . JaJaJaJavavavavaxiSxiSxiSxiSvivivivilililili, axlad aGmoCenili uZvelesi qarTuli xelnawerebi da

maTi mniSvneloba mecnierebisaTvis, qarTuli paleografia, Tb., 1949.

129. iviviviv. . . . JaJaJaJavavavavaxiSxiSxiSxiSvivivivilililili, qarTuli da kavkasiuri enebis Tavdapirveli buneba

da naTesaoba, tf., 1938.

130. mmmm. . . . JaJaJaJanaSnaSnaSnaSvivivivilililili, qarTuli gramatika, tf., 1906.

131. rrrr. . . . JJJJaaaananananaSiaSiaSiaSia, mravlobiTobis saxeluri -qoa sufiqsi afxazur zmnaSi,

ike, t. XIV, Tb., 1964.

132. bbbb. . . . JorJorJorJorbebebebenanananaZeZeZeZe, zmnis gvaris formaTa warmoebisa da funqciis sakiTxebi

qarTulSi, Tb., 1975.

133. bbbb. . . . JorJorJorJorbebebebenanananaZeZeZeZe, zmnis xmovanprefiqsuli warmoeba qarTulSi, Tb., 1983.

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219

wwwwKKKKaroaroaroaroeeeebibibibi

1. afxazur-qarTuli leqsikoni, bbbb. . . . JaJaJaJananananaSiaSiaSiaSia, Tb., 1954.

2. nnnn. . . . babababararararaTaSTaSTaSTaSvivivivilililili, Txzulebani, Tb., 1968 (286).

3. vavavavajajajaja----fSafSafSafSavevevevelalalala, Txzulebani, Tb., 1986.

4. mcxeTuri xelnaweri, teqsti gamosacemad moamzada da gamokvleva daurTo

elelelel. . . . dodododoCaCaCaCanaSnaSnaSnaSvilvilvilvilmamamama, Tb., 1983.

5. SSSS. . . . rusrusrusrusTaTaTaTavevevevelililili, vefxistKaosani, Tb., 1975.

6. qarTuli enis istoriuli qrestomaTia, iiii. . . . imimimimnanananaiSiSiSiSvivivivilililili,,,, t. 1, naw. I, Tb.,

1970.

7. qarTuli oTxTavis ori bolo redaqcia, teqsti gamosca da gamokvleva da-

urTo iiii. . . . imimimimnanananaiSiSiSiSvilvilvilvilmamamama, Tb., 1979.

8. xanmeti teqstebi, teqsti gamosacemad moamzada da gamokvleva daurTo llll. . . .

qaqaqaqaJaJaJaJaiiiiamamamam, Tb., 1984.

9. iiii. . . . yavyavyavyavyayayayavavavavaZeZeZeZe, Txzulebani, Tb., 1984.

10. mmmm. . . . JaJaJaJavavavavaxiSxiSxiSxiSvivivivilililili, Txzulebani, Tb., 1985.

11. abjasc◦a zS´ˆ…, (e�Te�ge�t... d. gulia). aK◦a, 1941.

12. В.... Џь. . . . Амаршьан. Сашт/ а, сып/сыкуара сашт/ а. Аћуа, 1985.

13. Н.... З.... Т////ар----п////х////а. Уӌкуннаҭ. Аћуа, 1985.

14. Д.... И.... Гулиа. Иалкаау Аћуа, 1973.

15. З.... Л.... Зыхуба. Ап/ суа жəлар рапыцтə р¾иамт/ а, Аћуа, 1981.

16. Cven mier Cawerili abjuuri teqstebi.

Documents

(gramatikuli analizi, teqstebi, leqsikoni) ena.pdfssss. jajjaajanannaanaSiaSia, romelsac 1937 w-dan Seenacvla qqq. lomlomTaTTaaTaTiTTiiTiZeZZeeZe. q. lomTaTiZem aRzarda afxazuri enis