roman loluaice.ge/new/pages/samples/books/cavcas/6_r_lolua_udiuri... · 2011-03-04 · roman lolua u d i u r i e n a u d i u r i e n a (gramatikuli analizi, teqstebi, leqsikoni) TbilisiTbilisi

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roman lolua

u d i u r i e n au d i u r i e n au d i u r i e n au d i u r i e n a

(gramatikuli analizi, teqstebi, leqsikoni)

TbilisiTbilisiTbilisiTbilisi

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sarCevisarCevisarCevisarCevi

aRniSvnebi...................................................................................................................................................

Sesavali........................................................................................................................................................

fonetika.......................................................................................................................................................

vokalizmi........................................................................................................................................

konsonantizmi..............................................................................................................................

fonetikuri procesebi.......................................................................................................

saxeli..............................................................................................................................................................

arsebiTi saxeli.......................................................................................................................

zedsarTavi saxeli................................................................................................................

nacvalsaxeli..............................................................................................................................

ricxviTi saxeli......................................................................................................................

zmna......................................................................................................................................................................

saxelzmnuri formebi................................................................................................................

masdari...............................................................................................................................................

mimReoba.............................................................................................................................................

absolutivi....................................................................................................................................

formaucvleli sityvebi.........................................................................................................

zmnisarTi.........................................................................................................................................

Tandebuli.......................................................................................................................................

nawilaki............................................................................................................................................

kavSiri................................................................................................................................................

Sorisdebuli...............................................................................................................................

sintaqsi.........................................................................................................................................................

atributuli sintagma..........................................................................................................

predikatuli sintagma........................................................................................................

metyvelebisa da folkloris nimuSebi.............................................................

varTaSnuli dialeqti (sof. oqtomberi).........................................................

nijuri dialeqti (sof. niji).....................................................................................

udiur-qarTuli leqsikoni..................................................................................................

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aRniSvnebi:aRniSvnebi:aRniSvnebi:aRniSvnebi:

- morfemaTa sazRvari

+ morfemaTa Serwyma

= klitikTa sazRvari

: kumulacia

# sityvaformis sazRvari

1, 2, 3 piri

[A] gardamavali zmnis subieqti

[O] gardamavali zmnis obieqti

[S] gardauvali zmnis oqtanti

ABL ablativi

ABS absolutivi (I, II, III, IV)

ABSTR abstraqtul saxelTa

sufiqsi

AD adesivi

ADD =alalalal klitika (qarTuli -cccc

nawilakis analogi)

ADV adverbialuri mawarmoebeli

ALL alativi

AOP sruli saxis mimReoba

AOR aoristi

APUD apudesivi

ART nawevari

ATR atributivis mawarmoebeli

-nananana

BEN benefaqtivi

CAUS kauzativi

CNV absolutivis gaqvavebuli

mawarmoebeli

COLL rigobiTi ricx. saxeli

COM komitativi

COMP maqvemdebarebeli kavSiri

COND kondicionali

CONT kontesivi

COP meSveli zmna

CTRF kontrafaqtivi

DAT micemiTi brunva

DEB myofadi aucileblobiTi

DIST Soreuli demonstrativi

DLOG Soreuli demonstrativi

lokativSi

ELAT elativi

ERG ergativi [=instrumentalisi]

ESS esivi

FUT myofadi ZiriTadi

GEN naTesaobiTi brunva

HORT hortativi

IMP brZanebiTi kilo

INS instrumentalisi [=ergativi]

INTJ Sorisdebuli

JUSS iusivi

LAT lativi

LV damxmare zmna (kompozitebSi)

MED saSualo demonstrativi

MSD I masdari (-es)

MSD II masdari (-es-un)

NA masubstantivebeli

(nominativSi)

NEG “finituri” uaryofa

PROH prohibitivi

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NO masubstantivebeli (irib

brunvebSi)

NOM nominativi

NOT “arafinituri” uaryofa

O iribi fuZe (CanarTi)

PART usruli saxis mimReoba

PERF namyo sruli

PERF2 “meore” perfeqti

PL mravlobiTi ricxvi

PLOG uaxloesi demonstrativi

(lokativSi)

POSS posesiuri seriis piris

niSani

POST postesivi

POT myofadi potenciuri

PROX uaxloesi demonstrativi

PRS awmyo

PST namyo

PTCP mimReoba

Q kiTxviTi nawilaki

RDP reduplikacia

SG mxoloobiTi ricxvi

ST zmnuri fuZis “gamoyofadi”

nawili

SUBJ koniunqtivi

SUP superlativi

SUPER superesivi

TEMP drois absolutivi

VOC vokatiuri nawilaki

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SSSSesavaliesavaliesavaliesavali

(mokle cnobebi udiuri enisa da udi xalxis Sesaxeb)

udiebi kavkasiis erT-erT mcirericxovan eTnoss warmoadgenen.

maTi saerTo raodenoba dRes daaxl. 8,5 aTas kacs Seadgens.1 udi

eTnosis ZiriTadi birTvi cxovrobs azerbaijanis Crdilo-

aRmosavleT nawilSi, gabalis (yof. quTqaSenis) r-nSi mdebare sof.

nijSi (3,5-4 aTasi kaci). udiebis kompaqturi dasaxleba arsebobs

saqarTveloSic; es aris kaxeTSi, yvarlis r-nSi mdebare sof.

oqtomberi (yof. zinobiani) _ am sofelSi daaxl. 400 macxovrebelia,

xolo komlTa raodenoba 100-s aRwevs. saqarTveloSi udiebis

saerTo raodenoba 500-600 kacs ar unda aRematebodes.

XX s.-is miwuruls udiebis sacxovrebeli areali Semcirda. 1990

wlebis dasawyisamde udiebi kompaqturad saxlobdnen sam

dasaxlebaSi: sof. niji (daaxl. 4,5 aTasi kaci); q. varTaSeni (dRes q.

oRuzi) _ daaxl. 3 aTasi kaci;2 sof. oqtomberi (daaxl. 800 kaci).

1990-ian wlebSi azerbaijanSi ganviTarebuli tragikuli movlenebis

Sedegad udi mosaxleobisagan daicala q. oRuzi (varTaSeni). dRes

oRuzs ocdaaTiode udiuri komli SemorCa (mekomurebis raodenoba

50-60 kacs ar unda aRematebodes). udiebis didi nawili iZulebuli

gaxda daetovebina samkvidrebeli da ruseTSi gadaxvewiliyo (mcire

nawili _ somxeTSi, ukrainasa da dsT-s sxva qveynebSi). udiebis

yvelaze mravalricxovani jgufebi warmodgenilia ruseTis samxrul

olqebSi _ rostovisa da volgogradis olqebsa da krasnodaris

mxareSi. 2002 wlis aRweris mixedviT ruseTSi 3 721 udi cxovrobda,

Tumca maTi realuri ricxvi SeiZleba ufro didic ki iyos.3 udiebis

gansaxleba uzarmazar teritoriaze, bunebrivia, xels ar uwyobs

udiuri enis SenarCunebas. samwuxarod, ramdenime aTwleulSi

1 “udiuri krebuli”, moskovi, 2008: 5. 2 iqve. 3 iqve: 6.

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mosalodnelia udiuri diasporis warmomamadgenelTa asimilireba.

amasTan, aRsaniSnavia, rom, rogorc wesi, gadasaxlebulTa bavSvebi

ukve ver floben mSobliur enas.

saqarTveloSi udiebi 1918-1922 ww. gadmosaxldnen varTaSenidan.

am procesis wamomwyebi da moTave iyo udi moRvawe zinobi

silikaSvili, visi saxelic daerqva axaldaarsebul sofels. 1938

wlamde sofels erqva zinobiani, xolo zinobi silikaSvilis

daxvretis Semdeg (1938 w.) mas ewoda oqtomberi. aRniSnul saxels

sofeli dRemde atarebs, Tumca TviT oqtomberis mkvidrni da

axlomdebare soflebis mosaxleobac mas mainc zinobians uwodebs.

udiuri ena ganekuTvneba iberiul-kavkasiuri enebis Crdilo-

aRmosavleT ganStoebas _ daRestnur enaTa lezgiur qvejgufs.

udiuri ena iyofa or dialeqtad _ varTaSnul (varTaSnul-

oqtomberul an varTaSnul-zinobianur) da nijur kiloebad.

dialeqturi sxvaoba Tavs iCens enis TiTqmis yvela komponentSi:

leqsikaSi, fonologiur sistemasa da morfologiur-sintaqsur

wyobaSi.

udiuri ena safrTxeSi myofi enaa. Tu sof. nijSi met-naklebad

myaria enis codna, maT Soris, axalgazrdebSic, sof. oqtomberSi

udiuri metyveleba gaqrobis pirasaa misuli. miuxedavad imisa, rom

oqtomberis saSualo skolaSi fakultaturad iswavleba udiuri

ena1, misi codna umcrosebSi Zalze iSviaTia. es mdgomareoba

ZiriTadad gamowveulia Sereuli qorwinebebiT: oqtombereli udi

mamakacebis umravlesoba qarTvel qalebze qorwindeba, xolo udi

qalebi Zalian xSirad axlomdebare qarTul soflebSi Txovdebian.

gamomdinare iqidan, rom dRes oqtomberi (zinobiani) varTaSneli

udiebis faqtobrivad erTaderTi kompaqturi dasaxlebaa, es

viTareba safrTxes uqmnis saerTod varTaSnuli dialeqtis

arsebobas.

1 udiuri enis swavleba IV_IX klasebSi ganxorcielda oqtomberis mkvidris m.

neSumaSvilis mecadineobiT, romelic uSualod aswavlis bavSvebs mSobliur enas.

udiuri ena agreTve sof. nijSi iswavleba specialurad Sedgenili programiT, ix.:

Айдынов Ю. А., Кочарли Ж. А. Программа удинского языка (для начальных классов): Проект, Удины: источники и новые материалы, Краснодар, 1999.

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garSemomyofi enebi sagrZnob zegavlenas axdenen udiur enaze.

pirvel rigSi es iTqmis leqsikis Sesaxeb. a. diri samarTlianad

aRniSnavda: “... udiuri leqsikonis Sedgena sakmaod saCoTiro saqmea.

ar ici _ unda Semoifarglo mxolod udiuri sityvebiT, Tu masSi

unda Seitano agreTve Turquli, somxuri, sparsuli sityvebic.

pirvel SemTxvevaSi miviRebT odenobiT iseT Semofarglul

leqsikons, rom sityvebi ar gveyofa yoveldRiuri sagnebis

aRsaniSnavadac ki. meore SemTxvevaSi ki, Tundac iseTi sityvebiT

davkmayofildeT, romelTac udiurSi Sesatyvisi ara aqvT,

saSiSroeba iqmneba, Seadgino igive Turquli an somxuri

leqsikonebi, aqa-iq gafantuli sxva sityvebiT, romlebic swored

iqnebian udurni”1.

udiurze udides gavlenas axdenda azerbaijanuli ena (nijurze

dRemde, sof. oqtomberis metyvelebaze _ gadmosaxlebamde).

azerbaijanuli enis gavlena, upirveles yovlisa, SesamCnevia

leqsikaSi, naklebad _ sityvawarmoebaSi, morfologiasa da

sintaqsSi.

aRsaniSnavia somxuri enis gavlena, gansakuTrebiT nijurze.

istoriulad es gavlena umTavresad eklesiis (Sesabamisad, skolis)

meSveobiT xorcieldeboda. TvalSi sacemia sparsuli da arabuli

enebidan Semosuli leqsikis simravlec. bolo periodSi udiuri

enis leqsikur fondSi damkvidrda rusuli enidan nasesxebi sityvebi

da am enis meSveobiT Semosuli e.w. internacionalizmebi.

sof. oqtomberis udiur metyvelebaze did zegavlenas axdens

qarTuli ena. es gavlena gansakuTrebiT SesamCnevia axalgazrdebis

metyvelebaSi, Tumca qarTuli enis gavlena udiurze istoriuladac

Zlieri unda yofiliyo.

udiebi istoriul wyaroebSi pirvelad herodotes “istoria”-Si

arian moxseniebulni uiti, uitioi (ούιτιοι) formiT. utiebi aseve

ixseniebian strabonis “geografia”-Si da sxva antikur wyaroebSi.

garda berZnul-romauli wyaroebisa, sagulisxmo cnobebs udiebis

1 a. diri, udiuri enis gramatika, tfilisi, 1903: 2 (rusul enaze).

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Sesaxeb (ուտիուտիուտիուտի, ուտիքուտիքուտիքուտիք) gvawvdis somxuri wyaroebi, romelTa Soris

gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia movses kalankatuacis “aluanTa qveynis

istoria” (Պափմութիւն Աղուանից աշխարլի).

udiuri enis monacemebi gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri gaxda 1994-

1995 ww. Semdeg, rodesac qarTvelma mecnierma, akad. z. aleqsiZem

sinas naxevarkunZulze mdebare wm. ekaterines monasterSi pirveli

gabmuli kavkasiis albanuri teqsti aRmoaCina. dRes mecnierTaTvis

ukve naTelia, rom udiuri kavkasiis albanuris an uSualo

gamagrZelebels warmoadgens, anda udiuris winapari ena kavkasiis

albanuris erT-erTi dialeqti iyo. erTi ram ueWvelia: udiuri

kavkasiis albanuris erTaderTi SemorCenili reliqtia.

sarwmunoebiT varTaSneli da oqtombereli udiebi

marTlmadidebeli qristianebi arian, xolo nijeli udiebi

monofizitebi (“grigorianelebi”) iyvnen. amJamad, cnobili mizezebis

gamo, somxuri “samociqulo” eklesia ver axorcielebs Tavis

saqmianobas azerbaijanis teritoriaze, ris gamoc nijelebis

liturgikuli cxovreba erTaderT moqmed wm. eRiSes (elises)

eklesiaSi (ud. CoTari gergec) mxolod “mamao Cveno”-s kiTxviT

Semoifargleba.

udiuri enis mecnieruli Seswavla XIX s.-dan iwyeba. pirveli

monografia udiuris Sesaxeb ekuTvnis ant. Sifners _ “cda udiuri

enis gamokvlevisa”, romelic 1863 wels gamoqveynda germanul enaze

peterburgSi, saimperatoro akademiis “memuarebSi”1 (naSromi daiwera

1862 wels).

meore monografia udiuris Sesaxeb ekuTvnis a. dirs; esaa

“udiuri enis gramatika”, romelic jer, 1903 wels calke

gamoqveynda,2 xolo Semdeg (1904 wels) krebulSi: “Сборник материалов

для описания местностей и племён Кавказа”, XXXIII gamoSveba, IV nawili.

aRsaniSnavia, rom am orive monografias jerac ar daukargavs

samecniero Rirebuleba.

1 Schiefner A., Versuch über die Sprache der Uden, Mémoires de ľacadémie impériae des sciences de

St. Pétersbourg, VII ͤ S., P. VI, #8, 1863. 2 Дирр А. М., Грамматика удинского языка, Тифлис, 1903.

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mesame monografia udiuris Sesaxeb aris vl. fanCviZis

sadoqtoro disertacia “udiuri enis gramatikuli analizi”,

romelic jer kidev 1949 wels iqna daculi (naSromis momzadeba 1948

wels dasrulda), magram wignis saxiT igi mxolod 1974 wels

gamoqveynda1. es naSromi udavod axal safexurs warmoadgenda

udiuri enis kvlevis saqmeSi.

udiuri enis nijur kilos daeTmo v. gukasianis sakandidato

disertacia “udiuri enis nijuri dialeqti. fonetika, morfologia”

(1965 w.)2. gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia v. gukasianis meore

monografia, esaa 1974 wels gamoqveynebuli “udiur-azerbaijanul-

rusuli leqsikoni”3. dRemde arsebulTagan es leqsikoni yvelaze

vrcelia.

udiuri enis mecnieruli Seswavlis saqmeSi didi wvlili

Seitana evg. jeiraniSvilis monografiam “udiuri ena: gramatika.

qrestomaTia. leqsikoni”, romelic gamoqveynda 1971 wels4.

XX s-is 80-ian wlebSi udiuris Sesaxeb ori angariSgasawevi

naSromi gamoica, esaa: v. Sulces “udiebis ena Crdilo-

azerbaijanSi”5 da t. sixaruliZis sakandidato disertacia “arsebiT

saxelTa bruneba udiurSi”6.

ukanasknel periodSi SeiniSneba interesis gazrda udiuri enis

misamarTiT. es gamowveulia erTis mxriv _ kavkasiis albanuri

xelnaweri Zeglebis aRmoCeniT, xolo meore mxriv _ udiur enaSi

damowmebuli sayuradRebo TaviseburebebiT, romelic mis

unikalurobas warmoaCens ara mxolod iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa

wreSi, aramed msoflio enaTa Soris. am mimarTulebis naSromebidan,

1 fanCviZe vl., uduris gramatikuli analizi, Tbilisi, 1974. 2 Гукасян В. Л., Фонетические и морфологические особенности ниджского диалекта удинского

языка, Баку, 1965. 3Гукасян В. Л., Удинско-азербайджанско-русский словарь, Баку, 1974. 4 jeiraniSvili evg., udiuri ena (gramatika, qrestomaTia, leqsikoni), Tbilisi,

1971. 5 Schulze W., Die Sprache der Udin in Nord-Azerbaidzan, Wiesbaden, 1982. 6 sixaruliZe t., arsebiT saxelTa bruneba udiurSi, sakandidato disertaciis

avtoreferati, Tbilisi, 1987; sadisertacio naSromi mTlianad 2005 w. gamoqveynda

_ sixaruliZe t., arsebiT saxelTa bruneba udiurSi, Tbilisi, 2005.

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upirveles yovlisa, aRsaniSnavia a. harisis monografia

“endoklitikebi da udiuri morfonosintaqsis warmoSoba”1.

sakiTxebi, romelic dasmulia da ganixileba am naSromSi, ar

Semoifargleba iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecnierebis Cveulebrivi

problematikiT da zogadi enaTmecnierebisaTvisac aris

sayuradRebo.

aRniSvnis Rirsia krebuli _ “udiuri krebuli: gramatika,

leqsika, enis istoria”, romelic proeqt “udilang”-is farglebSi

momzadda2. es krebuli faqtobrivad udiuri enis vrcel

monografias warmoadgens. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania nijis

dialeqtis saxelisa da zmnis morfologiis vrceli aRwera,

romelic faqtobrivad pirvelad swored am krebulSi aris

warmodgenili.

sxva iberiul-kavkasiur enebTan erTad, udiuri enis masala

moxmobilia da ganixileba fr. miuleris, r. erkertis, h. Suxartis, J.

diumezilis, n. trubeckois, i. meSCaninovis, d. karbelaSvilis, k.

boudas, r. lafonis, ak. SaniZis, arn. Ciqobavas, m. aleqseevis, e.

bakarevis, g. klimovis, b. gigineiSvilis, b. Talibovis, g. Tofurias,

S. gafrindaSvilis, s. koZasovis, a. kibrikis, m. qurdianisa da sxva

mkvlevarTa naSromebSi.

amJamad, udiur enas produqtiulad ikvleven rogorc

qarTveli, ise ucxoeli specialistebi: t. sixaruliZe, m.

TandaSvili, n. ruxaZe, a. harisi, v. Sulce, t. maisaki, i. landeri, d.

ganenkovi da sxva.

udiuri enis teqstobrivi wyaroebidan pirvel rigSi unda

aRiniSnos udiur enaze s. beJanovis mier Targmnili oTxTavi3,

romelic xelmeored moamzada da gamosca v. Sulcem4. enis istoriis

TvalzasazrisiT agreTve Zalze mniSvnelovania udiuri zRaparis

1 Alice C. Harris., Endoclitics and the Origins of Udi Morphosyntax, Oxford, 2002. 2 Удинский сборник: грамматика, лексика, история языка, Исследования и материалы по языкам

Кавказа (РАН Институт языкознания, Институт востоковедения), вып. 1, Москва, 2008. 3 Бежанов С., Господа Нашего Иисуса Христа Святое Евангелие от Матвея, Марка, Луки и

Иоанна, Сборник Материалов для Описания Племен и Местностей Кавказа, XXX, Тифлис, 1902. 4 Schulze W., The Udi Gospels, Anotated Text, Etymological Index, Temmatized Concordance,

Munich, 2001.

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“rustam”-is gamocema1 da teqstebi, romelic darTuli aqvs a. diris

monografias (es teqstebi Semdeg calkec gamoqveynda Jurnal

“Caucasica”-Si)2 da udiuri enis saanbano-sakiTxav wigns “samji d„s”-s

(varTaSnul-nijuri paraleluri teqstebi)3. gansakuTrebuli

aRniSvnis Rirsia evg. jeiraniSvilis monografias darTuli

qrestomaTia4.

bolo periodSi gamoqveynda nijuri dialeqtis mdidari

masala. unda aRiniSnos: i. aidinovisa da g. keCaaris mier Sedgenili

udiuri saanbano wigni5, g. keCaaris mier Sedgenili literaturuli

krebuli “nana oCˤal”6 (samSoblo, mSobliuri mxare; zedmiw. dedis

miwa). aRsaniSnavia v. dabakovis mier Sedgenili udiuri folkloris

krebuli7. mogvepoveba originaluri literaturuli nawarmoebebi

udiur enaze, esaa, giorgi (Jora) keCaaris poetur-prozauli

krebuli “oraÁin” (wyaro)8 da poeturi krebuli “buruxmux” (mTebi)9.

ganxorcielda Zveli aRTqmis wignebis _ ruTisa da ionas Targmna

udiur enaze (nijur kiloze)10.

uZvelesi originaluri damwerlobis mqone enis (kavkasiis

albanuris) STamomavali _ udiuri, dRes umwerlobo enaa. XX s.-is

30-ian da 90-ian wlebSi da XXI s.-is dasawyisSi iyo ramdenime cda

udiuri anbanis SemuSavebisa11, Tumca verc erTma maTganma fexi ver

1 Бежанов М., Рустам (Удинская сказка), Сборник Материалов для Описания Племен и

Местностей Кавказа, XII, Тифлис, 1988 2 Дирр А. М., Грамматика удинского языка, Сборник материалов для описания местностей и

племён Кавказа”, XXXIII вып., ч. IV, Тифлис, 1904 (Dirr A., Udische Texte, 1928, Caucasica, 5: 60-

72). 3 Çejrani Ţ., Çejrani M., Samçi dəs, Suxum, 1934. 4 jeiraniSvili evg., udiuri ena (gramatika, qrestomaTia, leqsikoni), Tbilisi,

1971, gv. 135-192.

5 Aydınov Y. A., Keçaari J. A., Əlifba (TIetıir), Bəkü, 1996. 6 Кечаари Ж. (Semdg.), Нана очъал. Шеирхо, гьекйаьтхо, драма, Баку, 1996. 7 Dabakov V. V. (Semdg.), Udiğoy folklor: Nağılxo. Legendoox, Астрахань, 2007. 8 Keçaari Ҝ., Orayin, Bakı, 2001. 9 Keçaari Ҝ., Buruxmux, Gəncə, 2003. 10 Rut’ _ Iona, Chambersburg (USA), 2009. 11 laTinuri grafikis safuZvelze 1933-34 wlebSi varTaSneli udiebis, Zmebi

jeiraniSvilebis mier (Tevdore da mixeil jeiraniSvilebi) Sedgenilia anbani,

romelic gamoyenebul iqna udiuri sakiTxavi-saanbano wignis Sesaqmnelad (samji

13

moikida, ix.: udiurisaTvis gamoyenebuli ZiriTadi satranskrifcio

sistemebi:

Sif

neri

Sif

neri

Sif

neri

Sif

neri

dir

idir

idir

idir

i

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ioTxTav

ioTxTav

ioTxTav

i

sam

ji

dsam

ji

dsam

ji

dsam

ji

d„ ss ss

guka

sia

niguka

sia

niguka

sia

niguka

sia

ni

udil

angi

udil

angi

udil

angi

udil

angi

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ce

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ce

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ce

Sul

ce

haris

iharis

iharis

iharis

i

keCa

ari

keCa

ari

keCa

ari

keCa

ari

dab

akovi

dab

akovi

dab

akovi

dab

akovi

qarTul

iqa

rTul

iqa

rTul

iqa

rTul

i

a а а a а a a a a a a

ạ ‛ȧ ȧ ħa аъ aI aˁ ạ əъ, aъ ă (a´) [aˤ]

ä ä ä ə аь ä ä ä ə ə „

b б б b б b b b b b b

g г г g г g g g g g g

— — — — ҝ (g j ) — — ҝ — (g½)

d д д d д d d d d d d

e е е e е e e e e e e

— ‛е е̇ ħe еъ eI eˁ ẹ eъ ĕ (e´) [eˤ]

w в, w в v в v v v v v v

z з з z з z z z z z z

t т˛ т ͨ ƫ т t t t t t T

d„s). am anbaniT garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi udiuri enis swavlebac

mimdinareobda.

g. keCaarisa da i. aidinovis TaosnobiT 1992 wlidan ganxorcielda udiuri

saliteraturo enis Camoyalibebis meore cda da am mizniT gamoyenebul iqna v.

gukasianis mier slavuri grafikis safuZvelze SemuSavebuli anbani

(transkrifcia). am anbaniT gamoqveynda g. keCaaris mier Sedgenili krebuli “nana

oCˤal” (1996 w.).

mogvianebiT, 90-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi es anbani Secvlil iqna g.

keCaarisa da i. aidinovis mier laTinuri grafikis safuZvelze SemuSavebuli

anbaniT, romelic SeZlebisdagvarad azerbaijanul moqmed grafikas imeorebda,

Tumca masze wina, v. gukasianiseuli anbanis gavlena igrZnoboda, magaliTad,

SenarCunebuli iyo ramdenime rusulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli aso-bgera (ц, ъ, ь), ar

Seicvala Caweris principi (digrafebis gamoyeneba) da a.S. am anbaniT gamoqveynda

udiuri saanbano wigni (1996 w.), romliTac daiwyo da dRemde mimdinareobs udiuri

enis swavleba sof. nijSi. gamoqveynda agreTve g. keCaaris poetur-prozauli

krebulebi “oraÁin” (2001 w.) da “buruxmux” (2003 w.).

2007 w. wels v. dabakovma gadaamuSava es anbani da am modernizirebuli versiiT

gamosca udiuri folkloris krebuli (2007). es anbani g. keCaarisa da i. aidinovis

anbanisagan ZiriTadad diakritikuli niSnebis xSiri gamoyenebiT gansxvavdeba da

piriqiT, masSi ar aris digrafebi da slavuri grafikuli simboloebi.

1990-iani wlebidan moyolebuli zinobianSic mimdinareobs udiuri enis

fakultaturi swavleba da am mizniT gamoiyeneba m. neSumaSvilis mier

SemuSavebuli anbani, romelic, faqtobrivad, mTis iberiul-kavkasiuri enebisaTvis

Sedgenili qarTuli samecniero transkrifciis identuria.

14

Sif

neri

Sif

neri

Sif

neri

Sif

neri

dir

idir

idir

idir

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oTxTav

ioTxTav

ioTxTav

ioTxTav

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sam

ji

dsam

ji

dsam

ji

dsam

ji

d„ ss ss

guka

sia

niguka

sia

niguka

sia

niguka

sia

ni

udil

angi

udil

angi

udil

angi

udil

angi

Sul

ce

Sul

ce

Sul

ce

Sul

ce

haris

iharis

iharis

iharis

i

keCa

ari

keCa

ari

keCa

ari

keCa

ari

dab

akovi

dab

akovi

dab

akovi

dab

akovi

qarTul

iqa

rTul

iqa

rTul

iqa

rTul

i

i i i i и i i i i i i

— — — ħь иъ iI iˁ ị iъ ĭ (i´) [iˤ]

k к к k к1 kː k’ k’ q k' k

l л л l л l l l l l l

m м м m м m m m m m m

n н н n н n n n n n n

j j ĭ j й j y y y y Á

o о о o о o o o o o o

ọ ‛ȯ ȯ ħo оъ oI oˁ ọ öъ, oъ ŏ (o´) [oˤ]

ö ö ö ө оь ö ö ö ö ö ”

p п п p п1 pː p’ p’ pı p' p

z ̔ ж ж ƶ ж ž ž ž j j J

ẓ ̔ — ӂ ʒ ж1 žI ź ž: jı ĵ (J´) [_]

r р р r р r r r r r r

s с с s с s s s s s s

t т т t т1 tː t’ t’ tı t' t

u у у u у u u u u u u

ụ ‛ẏ ẏ ħu уъ uI uˁ ụ üъ, uъ ŭ (u´) [uˤ]

ü ÿ ÿ ɡ уь ü ü ü ü ü š

p̔ п˛ п ͨ ɾ п p p p p p f

в ф ф в ф f f f f f †

k̔ к˛ кͨ ⱪ к k k k k k q

ģ ҕ ҕ ƣ гъ ʁ ğ ɣ ğ ğ R

q q k къ qː q’ q’ kъ q' y

s ̔ ш ш s´ ш š š š ş ş S

ṣ ̔ ш̆ ш̆ ɥ ш1 šI ś š: şı ŝ (S´) [_]

c ̔ ч ч ʯ ч č č č ç ç C

— — — ҿ чъ čI ć č: çъ ç' (C´) [_]

c ц ц ƺ ц c c c ц ś c

ʒ ʒ ʒ dz дз ʒ — ʒ zı, dz ź Z

c ̣ ц̓ ц̓ ʮ ц1 cː c’ c’ цı s' w

— — — ʮʮ ц́ — — — — — (w´)

c ̣ ̔ ч̓ ч̓ c ч1 čː č’ č’ çı č W

— — — — ч́ čːI ć’ č’: ć, cъ ć (W´) [_]

x х х x х χ x x x x x

x ƙ k̔ q хъ q q q хъ q Ã

15

Sif

neri

Sif

neri

Sif

neri

Sif

neri

dir

idir

idir

idir

i

oTxTav

ioTxTav

ioTxTav

ioTxTav

i

sam

ji

dsam

ji

dsam

ji

dsam

ji

d„ ss ss

guka

sia

niguka

sia

niguka

sia

niguka

sia

ni

udil

angi

udil

angi

udil

angi

udil

angi

Sul

ce

Sul

ce

Sul

ce

Sul

ce

haris

iharis

iharis

iharis

i

keCa

ari

keCa

ari

keCa

ari

keCa

ari

dab

akovi

dab

akovi

dab

akovi

dab

akovi

qarTul

iqa

rTul

iqa

rTul

iqa

rTul

i

ʒ̔ џ џ дж ǯ ǯ ǰ c c j

— — — — дж1 ǯI ʒ́ ǰ: cı ĉ (j´) [_]

h, ḥ h h h гь h h h h h h

y ы ы ɓ ы ɨ ə ə ь ı ˆ

— — ы̇ — ыъ ɨI — — — — (ˆ´) [ˆˤ]

SeniSvna: (...) mrgval frCxilebSi Casmulia fonemuri

Rirebulebis armqone bgerebi.

[...] kvadratul frCxilebSi Casmulia Cven mier gamoyenebuli

satranskrifcio niSnebi, romelic udiuris Sesaxeb qarTulenovan

samecniero literaturaSi gamoyenebuli transrifciisagan

gansxvavdebian.

e.w. iracionalurs (ˆ̂̂̂ bgeras) varTaSnul kiloSi ar moepoveba

distinqciuri funqcia.

16

fonetikafonetikafonetikafonetika

udiuri enis fonologiuri sistema, bevri maxasiaTeblis gamo,

monaTesave enaTa fonologiuri sistemebisagan gansxvavdeba. pirvel

rigSi aRsaniSnavia, rom sof. oqtomberis (zinobianis) metyvelebis

gamoklebiT, udiur enaSi abruptiuli Tanxmovnebi gadavidnen

preruptivebSi, rac udiurs mniSvnelovnad ganasxvavebs sxva

iberiul-kavkasiur enaTagan. axlomonaTesave lezgiur da saerTod,

daRestnur enaTagan gansxvavebiT udiuri enis fonologiuri sistema

gamartivebulia da, am enebTan SedarebiT, udiuri ena, fonetikuri

sistemis TvalsazrisiT, ufro qarTul enas uaxlovdeba: udiurs

axasiaTebs xSul-mskdomTa da afrikatTa sameulebrivi sistema

(mJReri-fSvinvieri-preruptivi _ nijursa da varTaSnul

metyvelebaSi; mJReri-fSvinvieri-abruptivi _ sof. oqtomberis

metyvelebSi); ar moepoveba intensiuri Tanxmovnebi; sustadaa

daculi labializebuli Tanxmovnebi (bgerebi); SeiniSneba ukana

warmoebis TanxmovanTa simcire sxva lezgiur da daRestnur enebTan

SedarebiT _ udiurs ar moepoveba daRestnur enaTa umetesobisaTvis

damaxasiaTebeli faringaluri spirantebi, laringaluri xSul-

mskdomebi, mJReri laringaluri spiranti. udiurSi aseve ar gvxvdeba

zogierT daRestnur enaSi daculi mJReri faringaluri xSul-

mskdomi; ar mogvepoveba lateraluri Tanxmovnebi (Tumca isini,

garda arCibulisa, arc erT sxva lezgiur enas ar axasiaTebs).

udiur enaSi daculia yvela is Tanxmovani Tu xmovani

qarTulSi rom gvaqvs. garda amisa udiurSi gvaqvs: palatalizebuli

xmovnebi („„„„, ””””, šššš); e.w. iracionaluri ˆ̂̂̂ (nijur kiloSi moepoveba

fonemuri Rirebuleba); sonori ÁÁÁÁ; dentolabialuri ††††; faringaluri

ÃÃÃÃ. qarTulTan SedarebiT, garda moyvanili xmovnebisa Tu

Tanxmovnebis, udiuri enis fonologiuri sistema damatebiTi

17

artikulaciiT _ faringalizaciiT aris garTulebuli, romelic

udiurSi prosodiis Tvisebas warmoadgens.

udiuri enis fonologiuri sistema, bgeriTi Sedgenilobis

TvalsazrisiT, erTgvarad aris warmodgeli orsave kiloSi.

vokalizmivokalizmivokalizmivokalizmi

varTaSnul kiloSi dasturdeba 8 ZiriTadi (aaaa, eeee, iiii, oooo, uuuu, ŽŽŽŽ, ””””,

šššš) da erTi fakultaturi xmovani (ˆ̂̂̂), xolo nijurSi ˆ̂̂̂ xmovans

moepoveba fonemis statusi.

udiurs ar moepoveba daRestnur enebSi gavrcelebuli grZeli

da nazalizebuli xmovani fonemebi. grZeli xmovani udiurSi

SeiZleba an morfemaTa gasayarze Segvxvdes, anda erTi bgeris mier

meores asimilaciiT iyos miRebuli, mag.: ma “sadac” + a (kiTxv.

nawilaki) _ mÀ? (ma-a?) “sad?” sa “erTi” + o (masubstant. sufiqsi) _

s’ (so-o) “erTi”; qala “didi” + o (masubstant. sufiqsi) _ qal’

(qalo-o) “didi”; paˤ “ori” + o “balaxi” _ p’ˤ (poˤ-o) “ori Reri

balaxi”...

udiurSi xmovnebi SeiZleba or jgufad davyoT:

martivi xmovnebi (aaaa, eeee, iiii, oooo, uuuu);

palatalizebuli (umlautiani) xmovnebi („„„„, ””””, šššš).

amis garda, calke SeiZleba gamovyoT e.w. iracionaluri, an

(zogierTi klasifikaciiT) naxevarxmovani ˆ̂̂̂.

udiurSi xmovanTa klasifikacia SeiZleba ase warmovadginoT:

aweva wina rigis Sua rigis ukana rigis

martivi palataliz.

maRali „„„„ aaaa

saSualo eeee ”””” oooo

dabali iiii šššš [ˆ̂̂̂] uuuu

18

martivi xmovnebimartivi xmovnebimartivi xmovnebimartivi xmovnebi

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, udiurSi dasturdeba xuTi martivi

xmovani (aaaa, eeee, iiii, oooo, uuuu). maTi warmoTqma iseTivea, rogorc, magaliTad,

qarTulSi. yvela maTgani nebismier poziciaSi SeiZleba Segvxvdes,

mag.: amma//ama “magram”; aS “saqme”; ar “msxali”; ala “maRla”, “zemoT”;

maÃ “sari”; baba, bava (nij.) “mama”; xa “matyli”; maˤ “tvini”; baWan

“zurgi”; baWana “mercxali”...

eSˤ “vaSli”; el “marili”; ey “xorci”; meÃ “matli”, “Wia”; vel

“Txa”; xe “wyali”; me “es”; ene “ukve”; eRel “cxvari”; eˤlem “viri”;

eˤvel “saydari, eklesia”; erey “Txili”...

viCi “Zma”; ix “mexsiereba”; iy “nacari”; iJˤ “Tovli”; in

“rwyili”; ini “axali”; Cil “mZivi”; iC “TviTon”; iCi “Tavisi”; iriz

“biliki”...

o “balaxi”; ox “savarcxeli”; oy “Ziri”, fskeri”; gon “feri”;

Tog “fasi”; koj, qoJ (nij.) “saxli”; xod “xe”; xo “cvari”; xˤo

“curi”; boyo “comi”...

un, hun (nij.) “Sen”; uÃ “mdinare”; uÃˤ “eqvsi”; uk “guli”; uyˤ

“kakali”; muÃ “frCxili”; muÃˤ “mxiaruli”; Wum “sarevela”; mur

“RerZi”; zu “me”...

palatalizebulipalatalizebulipalatalizebulipalatalizebuli (umlautianiumlautianiumlautianiumlautiani) xmovnebixmovnebixmovnebixmovnebi

udiur enaSi warmodgeniia sami umlautiani xmovani („„„„, ””””, šššš). es

xmovnebi gvxvdeba yvela poziciaSi. palatalizebuli xmovnebi

dasturdeba ZiriTadad nasesxeb (rogorc wesi _ azerbaijanulidan)

sityvebSi, Tumca es xmovnebi sakuTar leqsikaSic aRiniSneba, mag.:

„g„r„m “Tu”, “Tuki”; „Áz “sofeli”; „Áel “bavSvi”; q„R„z “qaRaldi”;

„rq„d “xvadi”; d„d„ “mamida”...

19

”vl„d “gvari”, “geni”, “warmoSoba”; ”m„g “ZarRvi”; ”qšz “tyupi”;

g”l” “bevri”; g”miS “kameCi”; g”g “ca”...

šTš “uTo”; šsšn “male”; šršmšršm “bind-bundi”; „ršg “Werami”;

gšrji “qarTveli”...

aRsaniSnavia, rom nijurSi ŽŽŽŽ bgera ufro xSirad gvxvdeba da

zogjer varTaSnulis martiv aaaa bgeras Seesatyviseba, mag.: ŽS (nij.) _

aS (varT.) “saqme”. ”””” da šššš bgerebi ki nijurSi, piriqiT, ganicdis

gamartivebas, anu kargavs umlautobas da eeee (< ””””) da iiii (< šššš) bgerebSi

gadadis, mag.: g””””l”””” (varT.) _ geeeeleeee (nij.) “bevri”; Žrššššg (varT.) _ Žriiiig

(nij.) “Werami”... palatalobis dakargvis procesi amJamad varTaSnul

kiloSicaa xelSesaxebi; amis gamo SeiniSneba martiv da

palatalizebul bgeraTa xSiri monacvleoba, mag.: ŽŽŽŽÁel _ aaaaÁel

“bavSvi”; g”mššššS _ g”miiiiS “kameCi” da a.S.

evg. jeiraniSvilis azriT, palatalizebuli xmovnebi udiurSi

fonemis statusiT ar arian aRWurvilni1. SeuZlebelia daveTanxmoT

aRniSnul mosazrebas; miuxedavad imisa, rom palatalizebuli

xmovnebis warmoqmna udiurSi ucxoenovani gavlenis Sedegi unda

iyos (ZiriTadad _ azerbaijanulis), mainc miviCnevT, rom sinqronul

doneze palatalizebuli xmovnebi ueWvelad fonemebs warmoadgenen.

amis Sesaxeb Semdegi faqtebi metyvelebs:

es bgerebi artikulaciurad wminda xmovnebs warmoadgenen;

palatalizebuli xmovnebi yvela poziciaSi gvxvdeba

(anlautSi, inlautsa Tu auslautSi), isini ar arian poziciurad

Sepirobebulni;

aRsaniSnavia maTi siWarbe udiuri enis Tanamedrove leqsikur

fondSi;

1 evg. jeiraniSvili, udiuri ena (gramatika, qrestomaTia, leqsikoni), Tbilisi,

1971, gv. 11.

20

dRes udiurSi palatalizebul xmovnebs moepovebaT

mniSvnelobis ganmasxvavebeli (distinqciuri) funqcia, mag.:

bala “Svili”, “bokveri”, “bartyi” _ bŽlŽ “Tavsatexi”,

“problema”;

duˤgun “koJri”, “simsivne”, “gamagreba” _ dšgšn “kvanZi”;

qala “didi”, “ufrosi” _ qŽlŽ “Tavis qala”, “kefa”;

qalam “qalamani” _ qŽlŽm “kombosto”;

qur “ormo”, “qvabuli” _ qšr “celqi”, “Seupovari”;

Caf “daorTqlili”, “sokoTi daavadebuli” _ CŽf “elami”...

Ê bgerabgerabgerabgera

Ê bgera dasturdeba udiuri enis orsave kiloSi, Tumca

fonemis statusi mas mxolod nijur kiloSi moepoveba. es bgera

Cveulebriv gvxvdeba nasesxeb sityvebSi (ZiriTadad _

azerbaijanulidan), Tumca nijur kiloSi igi sakuTar masalaSic

dasturdeba (maT Soris, morfologiur elementebSic), mag.: qaRÊz

“qaRaldi”; ÃÊc “qsovili”; ÃÊzÊl “oqro”; haÃÊl “Wkua”, “goneba”...

raodenobrivad, Ê xmovani ufro gavrcelebulia nijurSi.

xSirad nijurSi Ê xmovani Seesatyviseba varTaSnulis srul (martiv)

xmovans (uuuu, iiii an eeee bgerebs). aseT SemTxvevaSi, Ê nijurSi reduqciis

Sedegad unda iyos miRebuli, mag.: aluuuun (varT.) _ alÊn (nij.) “zemo”;

esbeeeesun (varT.) _ esbÊsun (nij.) “xvna”; akamiiiin (varT.) _ aqamÊn (nij.)

“naxvamdis”...

difTdifTdifTdifTongebiongebiongebiongebi

udiurSi dasturdeba aRmavali da daRmavali difTongebi: ÁaÁaÁaÁa,

ÁÁÁÁŽŽŽŽ, ÁeÁeÁeÁe, ÁiÁiÁiÁi, ÁoÁoÁoÁo, ÁuÁuÁuÁu; aÁaÁaÁaÁ, ŽŽŽŽÁÁÁÁ, eÁeÁeÁeÁ, iÁiÁiÁiÁ, oÁoÁoÁoÁ, uÁuÁuÁuÁ. aRmavali difTongebi (ÁaÁaÁaÁa, ÁÁÁÁŽŽŽŽ, ÁeÁeÁeÁe,

21

ÁiÁiÁiÁi, ÁoÁoÁoÁo, ÁuÁuÁuÁu) ufro xSirad nasesxeb sityvebSi gvxvdeba, Tumca sakuTar

leqsikaSic dasturdeba, mag.: Áan “Cven”; Áay “gza”; Áezna “size”; ÁeTim

“oboli”; Áig “mtkaveli”; ÁoldaS “amxanagi”, “megobari”; ÁorRan

“sabani”, “TavSesafari”; Áu “rbili”; Áumbur “muSti”...

daRmavali difTongebi (aÁaÁaÁaÁ, ŽŽŽŽÁÁÁÁ, eÁeÁeÁeÁ, iÁiÁiÁiÁ, oÁoÁoÁoÁ, uÁuÁuÁuÁ) xSirad viTardeba

morfemaTa mijnaze, mag.: baneqsaaaa-ÁÁÁÁ “iyo”, iarseba; beneeee-ÁÁÁÁ “gaakeTa”

(adre, winarewarsulSi); buzuuuu-ÁÁÁÁ “viyavi” (-ÁÁÁÁ namyos mawarmoebeli

klitika); nanaaaa-ÁÁÁÁ (+ GEN)...

daRmaval difTongebad naTesaobiTi brunvis formantebi

gvevlineba: aÁaÁaÁaÁ, eÁeÁeÁeÁ, oÁoÁoÁoÁ, uÁuÁuÁuÁ; mag.: Cur-aÁaÁaÁaÁ “Zroxisa”; mexn-aÁaÁaÁaÁ “namglisa”;

gan-eÁeÁeÁeÁ “adgilisa”; viC-eÁeÁeÁeÁ “Zmisa”; viCimR-oÁoÁoÁoÁ “Zmebisa”; xˤorx-oÁoÁoÁoÁ

“ZaRlisa”...

udiurSi fuZiseuli daRmavali difTongebic gvxvdeba, mag.: vuÁ

“cxra”; buÁ “savse”; ÃaÁ “Ria”; ŽÁT “sityva”; yeÁri “sxva”...

nijurSi, varTaSnulTan SedarebiT, ufro metadaa

gavrcelebuli rogorc aRmavali, ise daRmavali difTongebi. es

gamowveulia imiT, rom sityvis absolutur anlautsa da auslautSi

nijurSi xmovanTan viTardeba ÁÁÁÁ. nijuri aseve hiatuss ver egueba da

ÁÁÁÁ intervokalur poziciaSic viTardeba; Sdr.:

varT. ey “xorci”; taRa-maRa “iqiT-aqeT”; xˤa-en “ZaRlma”.

nij. ÁÁÁÁeÃ “id”; TaRaÁÁÁÁ-maRaÁÁÁÁ “id”; xˤa-ÁÁÁÁ-en “id”...

aRsaniSnavia, rom iÁiÁiÁiÁ difTongi umTavresad nijur kiloSi

gvxvdeba, mag.: baqaÁiniÁiÁiÁiÁ “rom arsebuliyo”; “rom yofiliyo”, “rom

gamxdariyo”; biÁiniÁiÁiÁiÁ “rom gaekeTebina”... iÁiÁiÁiÁ difTongi nijurSi

kontrafaqtivisa da II (SedegobiTi) perfeqtis (-iÁoiÁoiÁoiÁo) mawarmoeblad

warmogvidgeba.

eeee ....wwww. . . . faringalizebulfaringalizebulfaringalizebulfaringalizebul xmovanTaxmovanTaxmovanTaxmovanTa sakiTxisakiTxisakiTxisakiTxi

udiuri enis mecnieruli Seswavlis pirveli cdebidan (XIX s.-

is meore naxevari) moyolebuli TiTqmis yvela mkvlevari aRniSnavs

faringalizebul xmovnebs. meore rigis xmovnebs (aaaaˤ, ooooˤ, uuuuˤ) udiurSi

22

imowmebs am enis pirveli mkvlevari a. Sifneri. igive suraTi

gvxvdeba a. diris naSromebSi udiuris Sesaxeb1. aseve sami meore

rigis xmovani warmodgenilia udiur zRaparSi “rustam”, xolo

“udiuri oTxTavis” teqstSi ukve xuTi “faringalizebuli” xmovani

gvaqvs (aaaaˤ, eeeeˤ, iiiiˤ, ooooˤ, uuuuˤ); aseTive viTarebaa udiur saanbano wignSic

“samji dŽs”. vl. fanCviZisa da evg. jeiraniSvilis naSromebSi

udiuris Sesaxeb aseve warmodgenilia xuTi “faringalizebuli”

1 rogorc a. Sifners, aseve a. dirs sxvagvarad aqvT warmodginili am xmovanTa

buneba.

a. Sifneris cnobiT: “CemTvis xelmisawvdomi wyaroebi am xmovanTa ufro rbil

warmoTqmas adastureben ... ạ warmoiTqmis TiTqmis rogorc a frangul la-Si, ọ

rogorc eu heure sityvaSi da ụ rogorc u sityvaSi une” _ Schiefner A., Versuch über die

Sprache der Uden, Mémoires de ľacadémie impériae des sciences de St. Pétersbourg, VII ͤ S., P. VI, #8,

1863, gv. 9.

a. diris gansazRvriT: “ȧ, ȯ da ẏ uWiravs saSualo adgili. pirvels a-sa da ä-s

Soris, meores o-sa da ö-s Soris, mesames у-sa da ӱ-s Soris” _ Дирр А. М., Грамматика

удинского языка, Тифлис, 1903, gv. 1.

miuxedavad imisa, rom a. diri aRniSnavs: “meCveneboda, rom ȧ, ȯ-sa da ẏ-s

(gansakuTrebiT ȯ-sa da ẏ-s) yovelTvis Tan sdevs Zalian susti xorxismieri xma (a.

diri, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 1, SeniSvn.), mainc safiqrebelia, rom aq

mkvlevari ara e.w. faringalizebul xmovnebs gulisxmobs, arames poziciurad

Sepirobebul xmovanTa jgufs, romelic mkvlevris azriT, martivi da umlautiani

xmovnebisaganac gansxvavdebodnen.

amas adasturebs is faqti, rom TanxmovanTa tabulaSi a. dirs moyvanili aqvs ‘‘‘‘

bgera, romelic mkvlevris daxasiaTebiT “aris msubuqi xorxismieri bgera,

arabuli hamze-s msgavsi; is aramarto sityvis dasawyisSi gvxvdeba, aramed sityvis

SigniTac da am SemTxvevaSi, aZlevs momdevno xmovans ufro xorxismier xasiaTs,

mag.: м’ел “Tagvi” (meˤl), м’ȧiн “Savi” (maˤÁn), п’ȧ “ori” (paˤ) _ iqve, gv. 2-3. aqedan

gamomdinare, SegviZlia miviCnioT, rom a. diri faringalizacias ganixilavs ara

rogorc xmovnebis segmentur Tvisebas, aramed konkretul specifikur Tanxmovans

miawers.

gasarkvevia udiur saanbano-sakiTxav wignSi (“samji dŽs”) ganxorcielebuli

faringalizaciis aRniSvnis principi. faringalizacia iq gadmoicema ħ niSnis

meSveobiT, romelic qmnis kompleqsebs sxvadasxva xmovnebTan: ħa, ħe, ħi, ħo, ħu. k.

boudas azriT: “axali “saanbano-wigni” aRniSnavs emfatikurad darbilebul

Tanxmovnebs ... laringalurobis niSniT, rasac Cven ᴐ niSniT gadmovcemT” _ K.

Bouda, Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Udischen auf Grund neuer Texte, “Zeit-schr. d. Deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft”, Bd. I, Leipzig, 1913, gv. 61.

am mosazrebas kategoriulad ar eTanxmeba vl. fanCviZe. misi azriT, ħ niSani

xmovnis kuTvnilebas warmoadgens da ara damoukidebel Tanxmovans _ fanCviZe vl.,

uduris gramatikuli analizi, Tbilisi, 1974, gv. 22.

23

xmovani (aaaaˤ, eeeeˤ, iiiiˤ, ooooˤ, uuuuˤ). v. gukasiani nijis dialeqtSi maT rigs

umatebs ààààˤ-s. “faringalizebul” xmovnebs udiur masalaSi aRniSnavs

a. harisi da v. Sulce.

garkvevas moiTxovs TviT faringalizaciisa da

“faringalizebuli” xmovnebis raobis sakiTxi. faringalizaciiis

mizezTa Sesaxeb samecniero literaturaSi gansxvavebuli

mosazrebebi gamoiTqva: evg. jeiraniSvilma ruTuluris, waxurisa da

udiuris “faringalizebuli” xmovnebis sakiTxs miuZRvna specialuri

werili, sadac rentgenografiul monacemTa gamoyenebiT daaskvna,

rom am enebSi faringalizacia xmovnis Tvisebaa da ara Tanxmovnisa.

mkvlevari waxursa da ruTulurSi eqvs “faringalizebul” xmovans

gamoyofs (aaaaˤ, eeeeˤ, iiiiˤ, ooooˤ, uuuuˤ. Êˤ), xolo udiurSi, rogorc zemoT

aRiniSna, _ xuTs (aaaaˤ, eeeeˤ, iiiiˤ, ooooˤ, uuuuˤ)1. b. Talibovi waxurSi mxolod oTx

“glotalizebuls” (resp. faringalizebuls) afiqsirebs (aaaaˤ, iiiiˤ, ooooˤ, uuuuˤ)2.

didourSi, hinuxursa da xvarSiuli enis inxoyvarul dialeqtSi evg.

bokarevi faringalizebuli xmovnebis arsebobas aRniSnavs3, xolo d.

imnaiSvili am mosazrebas ar eTanxmeba. mkvlevari didoursa (RRRR¶¶¶¶, xxxx¶¶¶¶,

ÃÃÃÃ¶¶¶¶, yyyy¶¶¶¶) da xvarSiuli enis inxoyvarul dialeqtSi (gggg¶¶¶¶, qqqq¶¶¶¶, kkkk¶¶¶¶, hhhh¶¶¶¶)

faringalizebul Tanxmovnebs imowmebs4. evg. bokarevis azrs el.

lomTaZec ar iziarebs. mkvlevris azriT, xvarSiuli enis

inxoyvarul dialeqtSi faringaluri („„„„, hhhh»»»») da “qvemofaringaluri”

(ÃÃÃÃ»»»», yyyy»»»», RRRR»»»») Tanxmovnebi mogvepoveba5. n. trubeckoi xmovanTa

faringalizaciis mizezs “emfatikurad darbilebul” Tanxmovnebs

1 Джейранишвили Е. Ф., Лабиализованные согласные и их изменение в цахско-мухадском

(рутульском) и других языках лезгинской группы, ike, t. XIV, Tbilisi, 1966, gv 339-359. 2 Талибов Б. Б., Цахурский язык, Языки народов СССР, т. IV, Иберийско-Кавказские

языки, Москва, 1967, gv. 592. 3 Бокарев Е. А., Цезские (дидойские) языки Дагестана, Москва, 1959, gv. 112; Бокарев Е.

А., Хваршинский язык, Языки народов СССР, т. IV, Иберийско-Кавказские языки, Москва,

1967, gv. 422. 4 Имнаишвили Д. С., Дидойский язык в сравнении с гинухским и хваршинскими языками,

Тбилиси, 1963. 5 lomTaZe e., xvarSiuli ena, I. fonetika, Tbilisi, 1998, gv. 25.

24

miawers1. am mosazrebas al. mahometovi iziarebs da darguli enis

kubaCur dialeqtsa da Tabasaranul enaSi faringalizebul

Tanxmovnebs aRniSnavs2... sayuradReboa, rom Tabasaranul enaSi al.

mahometovi faringalizebul TanxmovnebTan erTad faringalizebul

xmovnebsac gamoyofs. specialistis azriT, faringalizacia

Cveulebriv moudis ukana warmoebis Tanxmovnebs (faringalurebs),

xolo xmovanTagan, aseve ukana rigis xmovnebs (aaaa, uuuu). Sesabamisad,

TabasaranulSi, rogorc mkvlevars miaCnia, xSirad

faringalizebuli marcvali gvxvdeba3.

unda aRiniSnos, rom faringalizaciisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli

artikulaciis Taviseburebebi erTnairad warmoudgeniaT im

mkvlevrebsac, vinc “faringalizebul” xmovnebs fonemebad miiCnevs

da imaTac, vinc faringalizaciis mizezs Tanxmovnebs miawers.

sruliad gansxvavebuli mosazreba g. deetersma gamoTqva. misi

azriT, faringalizacia aris Tviseba, romelic axasiaTebs ara

calkeul fonemas (Tanxmovansa Tu xmovans), aramed marcvals, anda

mTel sityvas4. am mosazrebas daeTanxma arn. Ciqobava5 da sxva

zogierTi mkvlevaric.

sayuradReboa s. koZasovis mosazreba. mkvlevarma, udiuri enis

fonologiuri sistemis Seswavlis Semdeg, miiCnia, rom udiurSi

faringalizacia prosodiis Tvisebas warmoadgens da mTel sityvaze

vrceldeba. s. koZasovis azriT, faringalizaciis piki moudis

pirvel marcvals, xolo Tu sityvaSi gvxvdeba SiSina, uvularuli

1 Trubetzkoy N., Die Konsonantensysteme der ost-kaukasischen Sprachen, Caucasica, 8, Leipzig, 1931. 2 Магометов А. А., Кубачинский язык, Тбилиси, 1963; Магометов А. А., Табасаранский язык,

Тбилиси, 1965. 3 Магометов А. А., Табасаранский язык, Тбилиси, 1965, gv. 49-51. 4 Deeters G., Die kaukasischen Sprachen, Leiden-Köln, 1963, gv. 33. unda aRiniSnos, rom g.

deetersma gamoTqva mosazreba, rom sisina Tanxmovnebis faringalizacia

SeuZlebelia, magram udiur enaSi sisinac ganicdis faringalizacias da anlautSi

mis marcvalze SeiZleba faringalizaciis pikic modiodes, mag.: caycaycaycayˤ “elva”;

caycaycaycayˤnabeddala[y] “maJaura”; wiywiywiywiyˤ//wixwixwixwixˤ//ciyciyciyciyˤ “ciyvi”; woRwoRwoRwoRˤ [aRala] “Tavsxma wvima”,

sasasasaˤmi “tabiki”, saxsaxsaxsaxˤtik “koWli”; cacacacaˤmmmmdesun “dasusxva”, “daSuSxva”; wawawawaˤvvvvdalbul

“wabli”; wawawawaˤvvvvdeux “wurbelebi”; wawawawaˤffffdeRsun “taSis cema”; wiwiwiwiˤlampur “mxali”... 5 Ciqobava arn., iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecnierebis Sesavali, Tbilisi, 1979, gv.

62.

25

an faringaluri Tanxmovani, maSin faringalizaciis maqsimumi mas

moudis1.

Cveni dakvirvebiT, es mosazreba gasaziarebelia. am wess

emTxveva specialistebis mier faringalizebul xmovanTa aRniSvnis

zogadi tendencia. Tu faringalizebul sityvaSi ar aris SiSina,

uvularuli an faringaluri Tanxmovani, maSin, rogorc wesi,

“faringalizebuli” xmovani, specialistTa Canawerebis mixedviT,

pirvel marcvalSia, xolo Tu romelime aRniSnuli Tanxmovani

warmodgenilia sityvaSi, am SemTxvevaSi “faringalizebuli” xmovani

an am Tanxmovnis marcalSia damowmebuli, anda “faringalizebul”

xmovnebad aRniSnulia momdevno da wina xmovnebi, mag.: aˤxiˤl

“Soreuli” (axˤil); oˤyeˤÁn “Zvali” (oyˤeÁn)...

specialistebis Canawerebi imis Sesaxebac metyvelebs, rom

udiurSi faringalizacia mTel sityvaze vrceldeba; mag.: iˤJ

“Tovli” (Sdr. nijis dialeqtis: ˆˤJ “id”); > iˤJ-eˤn “Tovliani”,

“zamTari” (vl. fanCviZe, evg. jeiraniSvili; v. gukasianTan aris: iˤJ´;

ˆˤJ´; iˤJ´-eˤn); qaˤm “WuWyi” > qaˤm-eˤn “WuWyiani” (vl. fanCviZe, evg.

jeiraniSvili; v. gukasiani...); -enenenen am sityvebSi derivaciul sufiqss

warmoadgens, romelic warmoSobiT ergativ-instrumentalisis

formantia. calke aRebul am elements faringalizacia ar

axasiaTebs, Sdr. analogiuri: us-en “weliwadi”, tam-en “gemrieli”.

baˤ-Reˤ-na (varT.), baˤ-Raˤ-naˤ (nij.) “guSinwin”, baˤ-gaˤr-Re-na//baˤ-gçr-Re-

na “guSinwiniswin”... calke aRebul sityvebs Re “dRes”, g„r “areuli”,

“Sereuli”, “SeerTebuli”, “Serwymuli”, “mRvrie” da derivants -nananana

(warmoSobiT _ micemiTi brunvis niSania -aaaa, e.w. CanarTovan

elementTan erTad _ -nnnn) faringalizacia ar axasiaTebs. am da sxva

mraval aseT magaliTSi, mkvlevarTa Canawerebis mixedviT,

faringalizebuli xmovani momdevnos imsgavsebs da SeuZlebelia es

mxolod asimilaciiTa an singarmonizmiT aixsnas.

1 Кибрик А. Е., Кодзасов С. В., Сопоставительное изучение дагестанских языков. Имя. Фонетика,

Москва, 1990, gv. 347.

26

sayuradReboa “faringalizebul” xmovanTa xSiri monacvleoba,

maSin, rodesac ar SeiniSneba “faringalizebul” xmovanTa

monacvleobis SemTxvevebi arakorelat martiv xmovnebTan, rac aseve

imis maniSnebelia, rom faringalizaciis procesi udiurSi ar

warmoadgens segmentur Tvisebas, mag., uˤma//oˤma “marwyvi”, “saxsari”

[menjisa]; o[ˤ]Rˤsun//u[ˤ]Rˤsun “daleva”; o[ˤ] yˤeÁn//u[ˤ] yˤeÁn “Zvali”;

oxˤe[ˤ] Ál “nanadirevi”; Sdr.: oxˤa[ˤ]l “nadiroba”; Jˤa[ˤ]l//Jˤi[ˤ]l

“qaosuri moZraoba”, “arev-dareva” (Jˤaldesun “aduReba”, Jˤalfesun

“duRili”)...

aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac martivi xmovani axdens

faringalizebuli xmovnis asimilacias, magram, amis miuxedavad,

inarCunebs faringalizebulobas, rac aseve ar metyvelebs

“faringalizebuli” xmovnebis fonemurobis sasargeblod, mag.: paˤ

“xuTi”; Sdr.: poˤ “ori Reri balaxi” (o “balaxi” paˤ + o > poˤ); poˤ-

poˤ “or-ori” (paˤ + o > poˤ); Sdr. analogiuri: so-so (sa + o > so)

“erT-erTi” (-oooo _ “masubstantivebeli” sufiqsia)...

Cveni azriT, udiurSi zogadad faringalizacias aqvs

distinqciuri funqcia, ris Sesaxebac mravali minimaluri wyvili

metyvelebs, da ara romelime faringalizebul bgeras _ xmovansa Tu

Tanxmovans.

unda aRiniSnos, rom udiuris Sesaxeb qarTulenovan specialur

literaturaSi (vl. fanCviZe, evg. jeiraniSvili da sxva)

faringalizebul xmovanTa aRsaniSnavad ixmareba ´́́́ diakritikuli

niSani, romelic aseve intensiuri TanxmovnebisaTvis gamoiyeneba.

udiur masalaSi faringalizaciis aRniSvnisas ZiriTadad

vxelmZvanelobdiT s. koZasovis mier SemoTavazebuli principiT,

romelic gulisxmobs, Tu sityvaSi ar gvaqvs SiSina, faringaluri

an velaruli Tanxmovani, faringalizaciis aRniSvnas pirvel

marcvalze (e.i. xmovanze), xolo Tu sityvaSi gvaqvs aRniSnuli

Tanxmovnebi, maSin faringalizaciis maqsimumi sityvaSi moudis

pirvel maTgans da faringalizaciis aRmniSveli niSani swored mas

daerTvis. Cven mier mxolod faringalizaciis maqsimumis aRniSvna

27

imTaviTve mTliani sityvis faringalizebulobas gulisxmobs; mag.:

sityva paˤ “ori”-s zusti fonologiuri transkrifcia unda

yofiliyo pˤaˤ; sitvisa kaˤkap _ kˤaˤkˤaˤpˤ; sityvisa beRˤ _ bˤeˤRˤ, xolo

sityvisa WˤoWa _ WˤoˤWˤaˤ, rac, bunebrivia, Zalze uxerxul

satranskrifcio sistemas Seqmnida. es sistema moiTxovs

faringalizaciis aRmniSvneli niSnis gamoyenebas xmovnebisaTvis da

TanxmovnebisaTvis da udiuris Sesaxeb samecniero literaturaSi

tradiciulad miRebuli niSnis gamoyeneba Sarmoqmnida uxerxulobas

da gaarTulebda faringalizebuli da intensiuri bgerebis (sxva

lezgiur da daRestnur enaTa masalaSi) garCevas. amis gamo,

faringalizaciis aRsaniSnavad viyenebT ˤ niSans, romelic ukve

ixmareba specialur literaturaSi am funqciiT (v. Sulce da sxva).

faringalizaciis aRniSvnisas garkveulwilad morfologiuri

principiTac vxelmZRvanelobT. mxedvelobaSi ar miiReba

arafuZiseuli SiSina, uvularuli da faringaluri Tanxmovani, anu

Tu sityvaSi mogvepoveba romelime maTgani, magram fuZis gareT,

maSin faringalizacias aRmniSvneli diakritika fuZis pirvel

xmovans daerTvis (Tu fuZeSi ar gvaqvs romelime aRniSnuli

Tanxmovnebidan). aseve, Cveni dakvirvebiT, piris niSnebi xels uSlis

faringalizaciis gavrcobas (zmnaSi Tu sxva), mag.: uRˤ-es “sma”; u-ne-

RRRRˤ----esa “svams” (+ 3SG _ -nenenene). fonologiuri TvalsazrisiT ufro

upriani iqneboda es forma ase gadmogveca: uuuuˤneResa, magram aqac da

msgavs magaliTebSic, orazrovnebis Tavidan asacileblad,

vsargeblobT morfologiuri principiT.

faringalizaciis aRmniSvneli niSani daerTvis Semdeg bgerebs:

aaaa, eeee, iiii, oooo, uuuu; RRRR, xxxx; ÃÃÃÃ, yyyy; Sesabamisad, SesaZlebelia Semdegi grafikuli

kombinaciebi: aaaaˤ, eeeeˤ, iiiiˤ, ooooˤ, uuuuˤ; RRRRˤ, xxxxˤ; ÃÃÃÃˤ, yyyyˤ.

faringalizacia, rogorc Cans, saerTo lezgiurisaTvis ukve

iyo damaxasiaTebeli. amis Sesaxeb metyvelebs faringalizaciis

TvalsazrisiT identuri bgeraTSesatyvisobebis arseboba lezgiur

enaTa Soris, mag.: ud. maÃˤ – Tab. maÃˤ…, ruT. maxˤ…, wax. muÃˤ, kriw.

maRˤ, aR. meRˤu “rko” [muxis];

28

ud. RˤoR – lezg. Ãˤur, Tab. Ãˤur//Rˤur, aR. Rˤur, ruT. Rˤir,

wax. ÃˤiÁe; Sdr. agreTve:Ldid. ÃˤaÁ, xvarS. Ãˤe “kurdReli”...

xSiria SemTxvevebi, roca sxva lezgiur da (//an) daRestnur

enebSi dadasturebuli faringaluri Tanxmovani udiurSi

dakargulia, magram mis nacvlad gvxvdeba faringalizacia, rac

gvafiqrebinebs, rom faringalizacia udiurSi warmoadgens erTgvar

sakompensacio process, romelic gamowveulia faringaluri

Tanxmovnebis SesustebiT, Semdgomi dakargviT an sxva konsonantebSi

gadasvliT, mag.:

ud. aˤm < *µVn – arC. Ãún, Tab. ROn, ruT. Rˆn “mxari”; Sdr.

agreTve: wax. Rulze “niCabi”;

ud. eSˤ < *®eS < *®eC – xunZ. ÄeC, axv. ÄeCe, did. heneS, ÄiCu, lak.

hi…C, aR. ®aC “vaSli”;

ud. iJˤen < *yVj-Vn < *yVd-Vn – lezg. yu´d, Tab. yu´rd, aR.

Ru´rd, ruT. yu´d, wax. yi´dim, bud. ya´jra´j, kriw. yud, xin. kinaJ, arC.

yo´t´-iÃ “zamTari”;

ud. paˤ < *y…V – lezg. y…ed, Tab. yu´d, aR. yud, ruT. y…ad, wax.

yo´d, bud. yad, kriw. y…ad, xin. ku, arC. y…evu “ori”;

ud. moˤl < *mVyVl – lezg. yi†, yuS (axt), yu´x½ (†iÁ), Tab.

yi´l, aR. Äul//yu´l, ruT. yˆl, wax. yo´v, bud. yal, xin. nuyur, arC.

noýoń;

ud. Jˤe-[n] < *µ…Vn – lezg. Ã´…an, Tab. R…an, aR. R…an “qva”; Sdr.

aseve xunZ. yono, arC. Ã…an “qvis fila”;1

1 b. gigineiSvilis azriT, aq unda gvqondes saerTo daRestnuri *µµµµ-s refleqsebi

_ Гигенейшвили Б.К., Сравнительная фонетика дагестанских языков, Тбилиси, 1977, gv. 85.

29

konsonantizmikonsonantizmikonsonantizmikonsonantizmi

konsonantTa sistema: sof. konsonantTa sistema: sof. konsonantTa sistema: sof. konsonantTa sistema: sof. oqtomberi (oqtomberi (oqtomberi (oqtomberi (zinobianizinobianizinobianizinobiani))))

xSuli afrikati spiranti

sono

ri

mJRer

i

fSvi

nv.

abrupt

.

mJRer

i

fSvi

nv.

abrupt

.

mJRer

i

yru

labialuri bbbb ffff pppp vvvv mmmm

dentaluri dddd TTTT tttt [ZZZZ] cccc wwww zzzz ssss n,n,n,n, llll

alveolaruli jjjj CCCC WWWW JJJJ SSSS rrrr

Suaenismieri ÁÁÁÁ

ukanaenismieri gggg qqqq kkkk RRRR xxxx

faringaluri ÃÃÃÃ yyyy

laringaluri hhhh

konsonantTa sistema: sof. konsonantTa sistema: sof. konsonantTa sistema: sof. konsonantTa sistema: sof. niji da q. oRuzidan (varTaSeniji da q. oRuzidan (varTaSeniji da q. oRuzidan (varTaSeniji da q. oRuzidan (varTaSenidan) nidan) nidan) nidan)

gadasaxleli udiebi.gadasaxleli udiebi.gadasaxleli udiebi.gadasaxleli udiebi.

xSuli afrikati spiranti sono

ri

mJRer

i

fSvi

nv.

prer

up.

mJRer

i

fSvi

nv.

prer

up.

mJRer

i

yru

labialuri bbbb ffff ffff vvvv mmmm

dentaluri dddd TTTT TTTT [ZZZZ] cccc cccc zzzz ssss n, ln, ln, ln, l

alveolaruli jjjj CCCC CCCC JJJJ SSSS rrrr

Suaenismieri ÁÁÁÁ

ukanaenismieri gggg qqqq qqqq RRRR xxxx

faringaluri ÃÃÃÃ ÃÃÃÃ

laringaluri hhhh

30

SeniSvna: [...] kvadratul frCxilebSi Casmulia fonemuri

Rirebulebis armqone bgerebi.

udiuri enis Tanxmovnebi arsebiTad iseTivea, rogorc sxva

iberiul-kavkasiur enebSi. principuli gansxvaveba imaSi

mdgomareobs, rom sof. oqtomberis (zinobianis) metyvelebis

gamoklebiT, udiur enaSi abruptiuli Tanxmovnebi gadavidnen

preruptivebSi. tabulebSi moyvanil TanxmovanTa Taviseburebebi

zogadad cnobilia. warmogidgenT sailustracio masalas:

Cqamieri TanxmovnebiCqamieri TanxmovnebiCqamieri TanxmovnebiCqamieri Tanxmovnebi

xSulxSulxSulxSul----mskdomnimskdomnimskdomnimskdomni

bilabialuri Tanxmovnebi

bbbb. baba (varT.) “mama”; biˤbiˤ “xidi”; bul “Tavi”; bes “keTeba”...

ffff. fof “Tma”; fuˤf “wifeli”; ful “Tvali”; foTik “goWi”...

pppp//ffff. paˤ “ori”; pi “sisxli”; pep “akvnis leibi”; puri “mkvdari”...

dentaluri Tanxmovnebi

dddd. dŽdŽ “mamida”; dizik “gveli”; dadal “mamali”; dŽÁ “nedli”...

TTTT. TŽTik “TaTi”; TŽmbŽl “zarmaci”; Tšlqi “melia”; Te “ara”...

tttt//TTTT.Ytam “gemo”; taÁna “feTvi”; tat “buzi”; tekal “kalia”...

ukanaenismieri Tanxmovnebi

gggg. ga “adgili”; gon “feri”; gog (varT.) “ca”; gugel “Woti”...

qqqq. qala “didi”; qeje “mJave”; qoÁ “saxelo”; qul “xeli”...

kkkk//qqqq. kaˤkap “muxli”; kaSa “TiTi”; kiwi “cota”; kokow “qaTami”...

31

afrikatebiafrikatebiafrikatebiafrikatebi

sisina afrikatebi

[ZZZZ]. amJamad udiurSi ZZZZ afrikati gvxvdeba mxolod ramdenime

nasesxeb sityvaSi. evg. jeiraniSvili am fonemas sul oTx sityvaSi

imowmebs: Zabri “Zabri”, xaZal “foToli”, mønZil “manZili” da

RanZil “RanZili”. amasTan, mkvlevari SeniSnavs, rom oTxive

magaliTSi ZZZZ afrikats fakultaturad zzzz spiranti enacvleb: zzzzabri;

xazzzzal; manzzzzil; Ranzzzzil1. vl. fanCviZes am afrikatiT ori sityva

mohyavs: RanZÊl “RanZili” da Zet “zeTi”2; v. gukasianis leqsikonSi

gvxvdeba: birinZ “brinji”; RanZil “RanZili”; RanZilluR

“RanZiliani adgili”; Zaburi “Zabri”; Zax “marcxena”, “marcxniv”;

qŽrŽmZux “saflavi”, “sasaxle”3.

cccc. cac “ekali”; cec “CrCili”; cil “Tesli”; cicik “yvavili”...

wwww//cccc. wabul “wabli”; wi “saxeli”; wirik “wiwila”; weT “zeTi”...

SiSina afrikatebi

jjjj. janavar “mgeli”; jejer “bage”; jok “calke”...

CCCC. CŽli “Tevzi”; CeC “fiWa”; Co//Cˤo “saxe”; Cubux “coli”...

WWWW//CCCC. WŽlŽg “tye”; WŽÁn “karaqi”; WˤaWi “SaSvi”; WˤoWa “wiTeli”...

faringaluri Tanxmovnebi

ÃÃÃÃ. Ãabun ‘varskvlavi”; ÃaÁ “Ria”; Ão “xuTi”; Ãoxla “kvercxi”...

yyyy//ÃÃÃÃ. ya “oci”; yˤi “SiSi”; yom “naTesavi”; yoy “saxelo”...


1971, gv. 13. 2 fanCviZe vl., uduris gramatikuli analizi, Tbilisi, 1974, gv. 27. 3 Гукасян В. Л., Удинско-азербайджанско-русский словарь, Баку, 1974.

32

spirspirspirspirantebiantebiantebiantebi

dentolabialuri Tanxmovnebi

vvvv. vaxt “dro”; vel “Txa”; viCi “Zma”; viw “aTi”; vuÁ “cxra”...

††††. †i “Rvino”; †ŽriStŽ “angelozi”; eˤ†an “Tqven”; †u “haeri”...

sisina spirantebi

zzzz. zu “me”; zido “rkina”; zor “Zala”; zarrazamTŽr “bzoba”...

ssss. sa “erTi”; sŽs “xma”; sevCe “mazli”; seÁne “dedamTili”...

SiSina spirantebi

JJJJ. Jˤe “qva”; Jˤomox “wisqvili”; JˤoRul “zafxuli”...

SSSS. Savat “lamazi”; Sel “kargi”; Sˤum “puri”; Sˤue “daTvi”...

uvularuli Tanxmovnebi

RRRR. Ri “dRe”; beRˤ “mze”; Rar “vaJi”, “biWi”; RoR “tyemali”...

xxxx. xˤa “ZaRli”; xe “wyali”; xib “sami”; xinŽr “qaliSvili”...

laringaluri Tanxmovani

hhhh. hazar “aTasi”; haso “Rrubeli”; hint “indauri”; hŽveW “kinZi”...

sonorebisonorebisonorebisonorebi

mmmm. maral “iremi”; mi “sicive”; mozi “xbo”; muz “ena”; muR “rva”...

nnnn. nana “deda”; neR “cremli”; neSˤum “yviTeli”; niko “burTi”...

33

rrrr. r bgera udiur enaSi absolutur anlautSi TiTqmis ar

gvxvdeba (Tu ar CavliT ramdenime nasesxeb sityvas, mag.: raS “raSi”),

xolo inlautsa da auslautSi r bgeris pozicia myaria, mag.: Tur

“fexi”; zor “Zala”; turi “Zafi”; forTbes “moTmena”...

llll. lal “munji”; laSko “qorwili”; lil “lami”; bul “Tavi”...

ÁÁÁÁ. Áan “Cven”; Áezna “size”; Áu “rbili”; Áay “gza”; ÁemiS “nesvi”...1

[…………]. zogierTi mkvlevris azriT, udiurs moepoveba

bilabialuri sonanti …………. vl. fanCviZe miiCnevs, rom es bgera uuuu//oooo da

aaaa xmovanTa Soris viTardeba da mas Semdeg sityvaformebSi imowmebs:

Sono-…-al “isic” (+ADD); ku…a “saxls” (DAT); zu-…-al “mec” (+ADD).2

bunebrivia, am bgeras ar gaaCnia fonemuri Rirebuleba.

abruptiul TanxmovanTa sakiTxi udiur enaSiabruptiul TanxmovanTa sakiTxi udiur enaSiabruptiul TanxmovanTa sakiTxi udiur enaSiabruptiul TanxmovanTa sakiTxi udiur enaSi

abruptivTa Sesaxeb samecniero literaturaSi ramdenime

urTierTgamomricxavi mosazreba gamoiTqva:

zogi mklevaris azriT, udiurs mxolod sami abruptivi

moepoveba: yyyy, wwww, WWWW da sami preruptivic: qqqq, ffff, TTTT.3

vl. fanCviZe, evg. jeiraniSvili da v. gukasiani ki miiCnevdnen

rom udiuri enis fonologiur sistemaSi ar dasturdeba

1 evg. jeiraniSvilis azriT, udiurSi ori saxis ÁÁÁÁ gvxvdeba. pirveli

TanxmovanTa palatalizaciis Sedegadaa wormoqmnili, xolo meore _ iiii xmovnis

dasustebiTaa miRebuli _ evg. jeiraniSvili, udiuri ena (gramatika, qrestomaTia,

leqsikoni), Tbilisi, 1971. 2 fanCviZe vl., uduris gramatikuli analizi, Tbilisi, 1974, gv. 28; iqve, gv. 25;

iqve, gv. 39. 3 a. diri udiuri enaSi ц̓, ч̓ da q bgerebs aRniSnavs, romlTac qarTul wwww, WWWW, yyyy da

somxur ծ, ճ aso-bgerebs udarebs, xolo п, т, к bgerebi rusul п, т, к bgerebTanaa

Sedarebuli, rac imas gvafiqrebinebs, rom mkvlevari udiuri enis fonologiur

sistemaSi sam abruptivs da sam preruptivs gamoyofs _ Дирр А. М., Грамматика

удинского языка, Сборник материалов для описания местностей и племён Кавказа”, XXXIII вып., ч.

IV, Тифлис, 1904, gv. 2.

sam abruptivs (wwww, WWWW, yyyy) da sam preruptivs (qqqq, ffff, TTTT), an rogorc mkvlevari

uwodebs _ “arafSvinvier xSul-mskdoms”, udiuri enis fonologiur sistemaSi d.

karbelaSvilic aRniSnavs _ Карбелашвили Д. К., К фонетике удинского языка, Язык и

Мышление, т. III-IV, Москва-Ленинград, 1935.

34

preruptivebi da masSi mxolod abruptivebia warmodgenili: pppp, tttt, kkkk,

yyyy, wwww, WWWW [WWWW ´́́́]. amis garda vl. fanCviZe aRniSnavs, rom udiurSi

dasturdeba e.w. naxevar-abruptivebi (“meoTxe rigis xSulebi”;

“saSuali bgerebi” _ yyyy½½½½, kkkk½½½½, pppp½½½½, tttt½½½½), romlebsac, vl. fanCviZis azriT,

“jer ar miuRiaT fonematuri Rirebuleba”1. amasTan erTad,

mkvlevris mosazrebiT: “pppp, tttt, kkkk, yyyy smeniTi STabeWdilebis mixedviT

udiurSi naklebad mkveTrebia, vidre, magaliTad, qarTul-

qarTvelurSi”.2

sruliad gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisi b. Talibovma

warmogvidgina. mkvlevris azriT, udiur enas saerTod ar moepoveba

abruptivebi. varTaSnul kiloSi, rogorc b. Talibovi miiCnevs,

abruptivTa degradaciisa da preruptivebSi gadasvlis procesi

dasrulebulia, xolo nijis dialeqtSi – dasrulebis stadiaSia.3

mogvianebiT, v. gukasianma gaiziara b. Talibovis mosazreba4.

b. Talibovis mosazrebas nawilobriv arn. Ciqobavamac iziarebs.

mkvlevari aRniSnavs, rom: “sayuradReboa b. Talibovis dakvirveba:

mkveTrebs udiurSi preruptivebi cvliso. preruptivebs nibismier

poziciaSi vipoviTo ... (kaxeTSi _ sof. oqtomberSi dasaxlebuli

udiebis metyvelebas mkveTrebi daucavs, qarTuli metyveleba amas

xels uwyobda)”.5

Cven mTlianad viziarebT aRniSnul mosazrebas. Cveni azriT,

ueWvelia, rom sof. oqtomberis udiur metyvelebas Semounaxavs

1 fanCviZe vl., uduris gramatikuli analizi, Tbilisi, 1974, gv. 30-31.

warmodgenil bgeraTa transkrifcia mocemulia vl. fanCviZis mixedviT. 2 iqve, gv. 15. 3 Талибов Б. Б., К вопросу об абруптивных согласных в удинском языке, Тезисы докладов II

региональной научной сессии по историко-сравнительному изучению иберийско-кавказских языков, Тбилиси, 1967; Талибов Б. Б., К вопросу об абруптивных согласных в удинском языке, ЕИКЯ, т. 1, 1974; ix. agreTve: Талибов Б. Б., Сравнительная фонетика лезгинских языков, Москва, 1980, gv.

176-180; 186-194. 4 Гукасян В. Л., Взаимоотношения азербайджанского и удийского языков, Автореферат

докторской диссертации, Баку, 1973; unda aRiniSnos, rom Semdgom v. gukasiani udiuri

enis fonologiur sistemaSi isev or abruptiul Tanxmovans (wwww, WWWW) imowmebs _

Гукасян В. Л., Краткий очерк грамматики удинского языка, В кн.: Удинско-азербайджанско-русский словарь, Баку, 1974, gv. 255.

5 Ciqobava arn., iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecnierebis Sesavali, Tbilisi, 1979, gv.

70-71.

35

abruptivebi. Cveni dakvirvebiT, ufrosi Taobis warmomadgenelTa

metyvelebaSi wwww da WWWW afrikatebi mkveTrad gamoiTqmis (iseve rogorc

qarTulSi), xolo yyyy, kkkk, pppp, da tttt bgerebi zogierT poziciaSi

(ZiriTadad _ auslautSi) Sesustebuli Cans, magram, ara imdenad,

rom preruptivebad miviCnioT. saSualo da umcrosi TaobaTa

metyvelebaSi ki _ yvela abruptivi mkveTrad gamoiTqmis,

daaxloebiT iseve, rogorc es aris qarTulSi.

amasTan erTad, saSualeba mogveca davkvirvebodiT q. oRuzis

(varTaSeni) da sof. nijis metyvelebas.1 Cveni azriT, b. Talibovis

mosazreba udavod gasaziarebelia. ufro metic: nijurSi SeiniSneba

tendencia fSvinvieri_arafSvinvieri dapirispirebis neitralizaciis.

Tu erT sityvaSi fSvinvieric da preruptivic gvxvdeba, maSin

fSvinvieri am ukanasknels emsgavseba, Tumca es daskvna, ra

sakvirvelia, eqsperementalur dadasturebas saWiroebs.

sayuradReboa, rom preruptivebi an Semonaxuli abruptivebi

udiur enaSi, rogorc wesi, saerTo daRestnurisaTvis da (//an)

saerTo lezgiurisaTvis postulirebul intensiur abruptivebs

Seesatyviseba, xolo saerTo daRestnuris//saerTo lezgiuris

martivi, aramagari abruptivi saerTod dakargulia (zogjer

abruptivi gadasulia ÁÁÁÁ-Si an sxva romelime konsonantSi).2

intensiur TanxmovanTa sakiTxi udiur enaSiintensiur TanxmovanTa sakiTxi udiur enaSiintensiur TanxmovanTa sakiTxi udiur enaSiintensiur TanxmovanTa sakiTxi udiur enaSi

TiTqmis yvela mklevari udiurSi gamoyofs meore rigis

sibilantebs. JJJJ da SSSS SiSinebis korelatebs udiurSi aRniSnavs am

enis pirveli mkvlevari a. Sifneri. erTi aseTi sibilanti (ш̆)

gvxvdeba a. diris naSromebSi udiuris Sesaxeb. ori meore rigis

1 q. oRuzisa da sof. nijis metyvelebis nimuSTa audioCanawerebi mogvawoda

ruseTis federaciis mecnierebaTa akademiis aRmosavleTmcodneobis institutis

mecnier TanamSromelma i. landerma, risTvisac mas did madlobad vuxdiT.

amasTan, aRsaniSnavia, rom sof. oqtomberSi Cveni ZiriTadi informanti iyo q.

oRuzSi (maSin _ q. varTaSeni) dabadebuli q-ni olRa tigirova-qumsiaSvili. 2 ix.: cercvaZe il., mexuTe lateraluri Tanxmovnis Sesatyvisobisatvis udur

enaSi, ike, XIV, 1964; Талибов Б. Б., Сравнительная фонетика лезгинских языков, Москва, 1980,

gv. 189-194.

36

SiSina spiranti, a. Sifneris msgavsad, warmodgenilia udiur

zRaparSi “rustam” da “udiuri oTxTavis” teqstSi. aseTive viTareba

gvaqvs udiur saanbano wignSic. xuTi intensiuri SiSina Tanxmovani

(JJJJ ´́́́, SSSS ´́́́, jjjj ´́́́, CCCC ´́́́, WWWW ´́́́) pirvelad gvxvdeba vl. fanCviZisa da evg.

jeiraniSvilis naSromebSi udiuris Sesaxeb. v. gukasiani nijis

dialeqtSi maT rigs umatebs sisina wwww ´́́́-s. intensiur SiSinebs (JJJJ ´́́́, SSSS ´́́́,

jjjj ´́́́, CCCC ´́́́, WWWW ´́́́) gamoyofs udiur masalaSi a. harisi da udiuri enis

zogierTi sxva Tanamedrove mkvlevari.

vl. fanCviZis, evg. jeiraniSvilisa da v. gukasianis azriT,

udiurs moepoveba SiSina afrikatebisa da SiSina spirantebis

“intensiuri” (“myovari”) korelatebi: jjjj ´́́́, CCCC ´́́́, WWWW ´́́́, JJJJ ´́́́, SSSS ´́́́. vl. fanCviZe am

bgerebs Semdeg sityebSi afiqsirebs: SSSS ´́́́umumumum “puri”, JJJJ ´́́́eeee “qva”, SSSS ´́́́aldesunaldesunaldesunaldesun

“aduReba”, WWWW ´́́́oWoWoWoW ´́́́aaaa “wiTeli”...; v. gukasiani adasturebs Semdeg

sityvebSi: eeeeˤSSSS ´́́́ “vaSlis xe”, oJoJoJoJ ´́́́ulululul “kudi”, konjkonjkonjkonj ´́́́uxuxuxux “patroni”...; evg.

jeiraniSvilTan gvaqvs: SSSS ´́́́uuuu “Rame”, baCbaCbaCbaC ´́́́ “asi”, aCaCaCaC ´́́́iiii “dakarguli”

“damaluli”, yaWyaWyaWyaW ´́́́ “tkivili” WWWW ´́́́apapapap “gamqrali”...

udiurSi intensiurebis arsebobasTan dakavSirebiT, b.

gigineiSvilma samarTliani SeniSvna gamoTqva. misi azriT,

samecniero literaturaSi mJReri intensiurebis (JJJJ ´́́́, jjjj ´́́́) postulireba

(aseTi fonemebi arc erT iberiul-kavkasiur enebSi ar gvxvdeba) da

intensivobis korelacia erT lokalur rigSi (SiSinaTa) eWvqveS

ayenebs intensiurTa mTeli rigis kvalifikacias, xolo maTi

“intensivoba”, b. gigineiSvilis azriT, mTel rig SemTxvevaSi

gamowveulia faringalizebul xmovnebTan mezoblobiT1.

b. gigineiSvili SeniSnavs, rom specialistTa Canawerebis

Sedarebisas, an, miT ufro, erTi mklevris masalebSi, TvalSisacemia

erTi da imave sityvis gansxvavebulad Caweris faqtebi: zogan

intensiuriT, zogan ki araintensiuriT, mag., evg. jeiraniSvilis

monografiaSi “udiuri ena: gramatika. qrestomatia. leqsikoni” (1971

1 Гигенейшвили Б. К., Сравнительная фонетика дагестанских языков, Тбилиси, 1977, gv. 61-63.

37

w.) warmodgenilia: iJiJiJiJ ´́́́ (gv. 22) – iiiiˤJJJJ (gv. 208, 249) “Tovli”; JJJJ ´́́́olololol (gv.

214) – JolJolJolJol (gv. 33, 78) “sacobi”; uWuWuWuW (gv. 22) – uWuWuWuW ´́́́ (gv. 217, 254) “Tafli”;

kaWkaWkaWkaW ´́́́iiii (gv. 28, 219) – kaWikaWikaWikaWi (gv. 255) “brma”; WWWW ´́́́oWoWoWoW ´́́́aaaa (gv. 220, 258) – WoWaWoWaWoWaWoWa (gv.

32) “wiTeli”.

b. Talibovma Seamowma is sityvebi, sadac mkvlevarTa azriT,

intensiurebi unda gvqonoda da ver daadastura intensivobis

mixedviT korelaciis arseboba udiurSi1.

samecniero literaturaSi iyo erTaderTi cda, rom udiurSi

intensiur SiSina Tanxmovnebis fonemuroba damtkicebuliyo. evg.

jeiraniSvilma intensiurTa distinqciuri funqciis sailustraciod

moiyana Semdegi minimaluri wyvilebi: SSSS ´́́́uuuu “Rame” _ SuSuSuSu “vin”; baCbaCbaCbaC ´́́́ “asi”

_ baCbaCbaCbaC “qvevrze dasafarebeli qva”; aCaCaCaC ´́́́iiii “dakarguli” “damaluli” _

aCiaCiaCiaCi “TamaSi”; yaWyaWyaWyaW ´́́́ “tkivili” _ yaWyaWyaWyaW “viwro”; WWWW ´́́́apapapap “gamqrali” _ WapWapWapWap

“vazi”2.

samecniero mivlinebiT ramdenjerme vimyofebodiT yvarlis

raionSi udiebiT dasaxlebul sof. oqtomberSi (zinobiani).

mivlinebisas gadavamowmeT is sityvebi, sadac, mkvlevrebi intensiur

Tanxmovnebs imowmebdnen. Cveni dakvirvebiT, SiSina Tanxmovnebi

gamoiTqmis erTnairad da aranairi korelacia maT Soris ar

SeiniSneba, xolo, umetes SemTxvevaSi, intensiur Tanxmovnebs

varaudoben im sityvebSi, sadac gvaqvs faringalizacia. SevamowmeT

agreTve evg. jeiraniSvilis mier intensiurebis distinqciuri

funqciis sailustraciod moyvanili magaliTebi da davimowmeT

aRniSnuli leqsemebi Semdegi formiT: aCaCaCaCˤiiii “dakarguli”, “damaluli”

_ Sdr. evg. jeiraniSvilis: aCaCaCaC ´́́́iiii; baCbaCbaCbaCˤ “asi” _ Sdr.: baCbaCbaCbaC ´́́́; baCbaCbaCbaCˤ “qvevrze

dasafarebeli qva” _ Sdr.: baCbaCbaCbaC; yyyyˤaWaWaWaW “tkivili”, “daWletva”, “dawnexva”

_ Sdr.: yaWyaWyaWyaW ´́́́ “tkivili”. maSasadame, Cveni dakvirvebiT, aCaCaCaC ´́́́iiii (aCaCaCaCˤiiii)

“dakarguli” “damaluli” _ aCiaCiaCiaCi “TamaSi”, yaWyaWyaWyaW ´́́́ (yyyyˤaWaWaWaW) “tkivili” _ yaWyaWyaWyaW

1 Талибов Б. Б., Сравнительная фонетика лезгинских языков, Москва, 1980, gv. 181. 2 evg. jeiraniSvili, udiuri ena (gramatika, qrestomaTia, leqsikoni), Tbilisi,

1971, gv. 14.

38

“viwro” leqsemebSi gansxvaveba faringalizaciis procesis gamo

warmoiqmna, xolo baCbaCbaCbaC ´́́́ (baCbaCbaCbaCˤ) “asi” _ baCbaCbaCbaC (baCbaCbaCbaCˤ) “qvevrze dasafarebeli

qva”, SSSS ´́́́uuuu (SuSuSuSu) “Rame” _ SuSuSuSu “vin” da WWWW ´́́́apapapap (WapWapWapWap) “gamqrali” _ WapWapWapWap “vazi”

magaliTebis SemTxvevaSi informatorebisagan msgavs ganmartebas

viRebdiT: es erTi da igive JReradobis sityvebia, magram TiToeuls

ori mniSvneloba aqvso, anu dRes udiur enaze molaparakeTaTvis es

wyvilebi omonimebs warmoadgenen1.

safiqrebelia, rom udiurSi gavrcelebul faringalizaciis

processa da mklevarTa mier damowmebul “intensiurebs” Soris

kavSiri arsebobs. specialistTa masalebSi “intensiuri” Tanxmovnebi,

xSir SemTxvevaSi, gvxvdeba faringalizebuli xmovnebis gverdiT

(postpoziciaSi, prepoziciaSi an intervokalur poziciaSi), mag.: eeeeˤSSSS ´́́́

“vaSli”; iiiiˤJJJJ ´́́́ “Tovli”; iiiiˤJJJJ ´́́́eeeeˤnananana “zamTari”;'JJJJ ´́́́aaaaˤldesunldesunldesunldesun “aduReba”; JJJJ ´́́́eeeeˤ

“qva”; uuuuˤÃbaÃbaÃbaÃbaˤWWWW ´́́́ “eqvsasi”; ooooˤJJJJ ´́́́ilililil (varT.)//ooooˤJJJJ ´́́́ulululul (nij.) “kudi”...

am mosazrebas isic amyarebs, rom udiuris Sesaxeb samecniero

literaturaSi mklevarTa (evg. jeiraniSvili, vl. fanCviZe da v.

gukasiani) Canawerebis Sedarebisas anda erTi specialistis

masalebSi xSiria faringalizebuli xmovnebisa da intensiuri

Tanxmovnebis monacvleobis (araerTgvarovani Caweris) SemTxvevebi,

1 evg. jeiraniSvili imave naSromis rusul reziumeSi, sadac warmodgenilia

intensiurTa minimaluri wyvilebi, aRniSnavs “Возникновение омонимов обусловлено

главным образом внешним совпадением в результате фонетических изменений слов (в частности в результате упрощения-ослабления артикуляции интенсивных согласных), например: ачи (<ачъи) «потерянный», «утеренный» - ачи «игра», муча (<мучIа) «сладкий» - муча «горсть», чIапI (<чIъапI) «угасший» - чIапI «лоза», шу (<шъу) «ночь» - шу «кто», шор (<шIор) «творог» - шор «так», «таким образом»” _ evg. jeiraniSvili, udiuri ena (gramatika, qrestomaTia,

leqsikoni), Tbilisi, 1971, 310.

es debuleba aseve gvxvdeba evg. jeiraniSvilisa da vl. fanCviZis udiuri enis

erTobriv mimoxilvaSi: “Возникновение омонимов обусловлено главным образом внешним

совпадением в результате фонетических изменений слов, например: ачи (<ачъи) «потерянный», «утеренный» - ачи «игра», шу (<шъу) «ночь» - шу «кто», чIапI (<чIъапI) «угасший» - чIапI «лоза»”

_ Панчвидзе В.Н., Джейранишвили Е.Ф., Удинский язык, Языки народов СССР, т. IV, Иберийско-

кавказские языки, Москва, 1967, gv. 686; aRsaniSnavia, rom es magaliTebi warmodgenilia evg. jeiraniSvilis

monografiis 14-e gverdze rogorc minimaluri wyvilebi, miuxedavad imisa, rom

imave naSromSi mkvlevari maT intensiurTa moSlis Sedegad warmoqmnil

omonimebad miiCnevs.

39

anu erTsa da imave sityvaSi zogjer damowmebulia gverdigverd

myofi faringalizebuli xmovani da martivi SiSina Tanxmovani,

zogjer intensiuri SiSina da martivi xmovani, zogjer ki _

intensiuri SiSina da faringalizebuli xmovani, mag., iJiJiJiJ ´́́́1 _ iiiiˤJJJJ2 _

iiiiˤJJJJ ´́́́3 “Tovli”; JJJJ ´́́́eeee4 _ JJJJ ´́́́eeeeˤ5 “qva”; ojjjj ´́́́iiiil6 – oJJJJ ´́́́iiiiˤl7 – ojijijijiˤl8 “kudi”; iSiSiSiS ´́́́a9

– iiiiˤSSSSa10 – iSiSiSiSa11 – iiiiˤSSSS ´́́́a12 “axlos”; CCCC ´́́́oooo13 _ CoCoCoCoˤ14 “saxe”; qaCaCaCaC ´́́́//qaCaCaCaC//qaSaSaSaS15 _

qaSaSaSaS ´́́́16 “ormo”, “Txrili” – qaaaaˤSSSS-kal17 “ormos//Txrilis kide”...

gvaqvs SemTxvevebi, roca erT dialeqtSi dafiqsirebulia

intensiuri Tanxmovani, meoreSi ki faringalizebuli xmovani, mag.:

JJJJ ´́́́uuuuÃTesun (nij.) – CuCuCuCu´́́́xtesun (varT.) “Seyofa”, “Setenva”, “SeWra”18;

oJJJJ ´́́́uuuul (nij.) – oJJJJ ´́́́iiii ´́́́l (varT.) “kudi” (12121212, 182)19...

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, Cven gadavamowmeT is sityvebi, sadac

mklevarTa azriT “intensiuri” Tanxmovnebi unda gvqonoda.

sayuradReboa, rom umravles SemTxvevaSi, sadac specialistTa mier


1971, gv. 22. 2 iqve, gv. 208, 212; fanCviZe vl., uduris gramatikuli analizi, Tbilisi, 1974, gv.

19. 3 Гукасян В. Л., Удинско-азербайджанско-русский словарь, Баку, 1974, gv. 130. 4 vl. fanCviZe, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 29; evg. jeiraniSvili, dasaxelebuli

naSromi, gv. 206. 5 v. gukasiani, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 114. 6 vl. fanCviZe, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 29. 7 v. gukasiani, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 182. 8 evg. jeiraniSvili, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 205. 9 vl. fanCviZe, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 30. 10 iqve, gv. 19. 11 evg. jeiraniSvili, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 205. 12 v. gukasiani, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 130. 13 vl. fanCviZe, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 30; v. gukasiani, dasaxelebuli

naSromi, gv. 242. 14 evg. jeiraniSvili, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 203. 15 evg. jeiraniSvili, dasaxelebuli naSromi. 16 vl. fanCviZe, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 30; v. gukasiani, dasaxelebuli

naSromi, gv. 133. 17 v. gukasiani, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 134. 18 iqve, gv. 115. 19 iqve, gv. 182.

40

navaraudevia intensiuri, Cven davimowmeT faringalizacia, mag.: aCaCaCaCˤiiii

“dakarguli”, “damaluli”; aCaCaCaCˤiiiibesun “dakargva” _ Sdr.: aCaCaCaC ´́́́iiii1;

aCaCaCaC ´́́́ibˆsun2; baCaCaCaCˤ “asi”, “qvevrze dasafarebeli qva” _ Sdr.: baCaCaCaC ´́́́3333 “asi”;

eSeSeSeSˤ “vaSli” _ Sdr. eeeeˤSSSS ´́́́4; iJiJiJiJˤ “Tovli” _ Sdr.: iJiJiJiJ ´́́́5 da iiii ´́́́JJJJ ´́́́6; iSiSiSiSˤaaaa

“axlos” _ Sdr.: iSiSiSiS ´́́́a7 da iiii ´́́́SSSS ´́́́a8; iSiSiSiSˤkesun “varcxna”, “davarcxna” _

Sdr.: iiii ´́́́SSSS ´́́́kesun9; kaWWWWˤiiii “brma” _ Sdr.: kaWWWW ´́́́iiii10; JJJJˤaaaaldesun “aduReba” _

Sdr.: SSSS ´́́́aaaaldesun11 da JJJJ ´́́́aaaaldesun12; JJJJˤiiiik “qneva”, “rweva” _ Sdr.: JJJJ ´́́́iiii ´́́́k13;

JJJJˤooool “sacobi” _ Sdr.: JJJJ ´́́́ooool14; JJJJˤoooomox “piri” _ Sdr.: JJJJ ´́́́oooomox15; JJJJˤooooRul

“zafxuli” _ Sdr.: JJJJ ´́́́ooooRul16; oCCCCˤaaaal “miwa”, “zedapiri” [dedamiwis],

“niadagi” _ Sdr.: oCCCC ´́́́aaaal17; oWi//oWoWoWoWˤiiii “talaxi” _ Sdr.: oWoWoWoW ´́́́iiii18; uWuWuWuWˤ

“Tafli” _ Sdr.: uWuWuWuW ´́́́19; qaCaCaCaCˤfsun “amoTxra”, “Cafvla” _ Sdr.: qaSaSaSaS ´́́́fsun

(nij.)20; RRRRˤaCaCaCaCfesun “Sekvra”, “Seyofa” _ Sdr.: RaCaCaCaC ´́́́fesun21; yyyyˤaWaWaWaW

“tkivili”, “daWletva”, “dawnexva” _ Sdr.: yyyyaWaWaWaW ´́́́ “tkivili”22; SSSSˤuuuumak

1 evg. jeiraniSvili, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 14. 2 vl. fanCviZe, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 30. 3 evg. jeiraniSvili, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 14. 4 v. gukasiani, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 85. 5 evg. jeiraniSvili, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 22. 6 v. gukasiani, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 131. 7 vl. fanCviZe, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 29. 8 v. gukasiani, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 130. 9 iqve. 10 evg. jeiraniSvili, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 28; 219. 11 vl. fanCviZe, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 29. 12 v. gukasiani, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 114. 13 iqve. 14 evg. jeiraniSvili, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 214. 15 v. gukasiani, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 114. 16 vl. fanCviZe, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 30. 17 iqve, gv. 29. 18 iqve. 19 evg. jeiraniSvili, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 217, 254; vl. fanCviZe,

dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 29. 20 iqve, gv. 30. 21 iqve, gv. 29. 22 evg. jeiraniSvili, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 14.

41

“dedali” _ Sdr. SSSS ´́́́uuuumak1; Co//CCCCˤoooo “saxe” _ Sdr.: CCCC ´́́́oooo2; WWWWˤoWaoWaoWaoWa “wiTeli” _

Sdr.: WWWW ´́́́oWoWoWoW ´́́́aaaa3; muWmuWmuWmuWˤaaaa “tkbili” – Sdr.: muWmuWmuWmuW ´́́́aaaa (9999, 310)4...

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom udiurSi SeiniSneba

faringalizaciis artikulaciis Sesustebisa da [zogjer] moSlis

procesi (es tendencia gansakuTrebiT axalgazrdebis metyvelebas

daetyo), safiqrebelia, rom aseTi magaliTebis ricxvi ufro didi

unda yofiliyo. amis miuxedavad, aRsaniSnavia, rom

“arafaringalizebul” sityvaTa ricxvi, sadac mkvlevrebi

intensiurTa arsebobas varaudobdnen, mcirea, mag.: Su “Rame”; Wap

“gamqrali” da a.S. aqedan gamomdiare SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom

mkvlevarTa mier udiurSi navaraudeb intensiur Tanxmovnebsa da

faringalizaciis process Soris mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSiri

arsebobs.

gamoTqmul mosazrebas isic adasturebs, rom intensiuri SiSina

Tanxmovnebisa da “faringalizebuli” xmovnebis artikulaciis

Taviseburebebi specialistebs TiTqmis erTnairad warmoudgeniaT;

Sdr.: “aRniSnul [faringalizebul] xmovanTa warmosaTqmelad

SemarTvis momentisaTvis piris Rrus Riaoba da enis mdgomareoba

TiTqmis iseTivea, rogoric martivi xmovnebisa, oRond am xmovanTa

warmoTqmis dros ena ufro Cazneqilia da ukan gadaweuli, enis ena ufro Cazneqilia da ukan gadaweuli, enis ena ufro Cazneqilia da ukan gadaweuli, enis ena ufro Cazneqilia da ukan gadaweuli, enis

kideebi TiTqmis ebjinebian gverdiT kbilebs, enis ukana nawili kideebi TiTqmis ebjinebian gverdiT kbilebs, enis ukana nawili kideebi TiTqmis ebjinebian gverdiT kbilebs, enis ukana nawili kideebi TiTqmis ebjinebian gverdiT kbilebs, enis ukana nawili

odnav aweulia da uaxlovdeba rbil sasasodnav aweulia da uaxlovdeba rbil sasasodnav aweulia da uaxlovdeba rbil sasasodnav aweulia da uaxlovdeba rbil sasas”5, Sdr. mis “intensiurTa”

daxasiaTebas: “warmoTqmis momzadebis momenti TiTqmis iseTivea,

rogorc Sesabamisi “Cveulebrivi” alveolaruli Tanxmovnebisa – jjjj, CCCC,

WWWW afrikatebisa da JJJJ, SSSS spirantebisa, oRond am Tavisebur bgeraTa

1 v. gukasiani, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 250. 2 vl. fanCviZe, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 29. 3 evg. jeiraniSvili, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 220, 258; vl. fanCviZe,

dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 29. 4 evg. jeiraniSvili, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 310. 5 evg. jeiraniSvili, udiuri ena (gramatika, qrestomaTia, leqsikoni), Tbilisi,

1971, gv. 10.

42

warmoTqmis dros ena amozneqil mdgomareobaSi ufro ukan gadaiwevs, ufro ukan gadaiwevs, ufro ukan gadaiwevs, ufro ukan gadaiwevs,

misi Sua nawili TiTqmis ebjineba kbilmisi Sua nawili TiTqmis ebjineba kbilmisi Sua nawili TiTqmis ebjineba kbilmisi Sua nawili TiTqmis ebjineba kbil----nunebsnunebsnunebsnunebs”1.

Sdr., agreTve, vl. fanCviZis “intensiuri” SiSina Tanxmovnebis

daxasiaTebas: “nunasTan xSvas an naprals hqmnis ara enis wveri, nunasTan xSvas an naprals hqmnis ara enis wveri, nunasTan xSvas an naprals hqmnis ara enis wveri, nunasTan xSvas an naprals hqmnis ara enis wveri,

aramed enis wveri da Sua enis nawili, Tanac artikulacia aramed enis wveri da Sua enis nawili, Tanac artikulacia aramed enis wveri da Sua enis nawili, Tanac artikulacia aramed enis wveri da Sua enis nawili, Tanac artikulacia

farTovdeba ukan magar sasazec (ena dakecilia, wveri dfarTovdeba ukan magar sasazec (ena dakecilia, wveri dfarTovdeba ukan magar sasazec (ena dakecilia, wveri dfarTovdeba ukan magar sasazec (ena dakecilia, wveri daaaaweulia weulia weulia weulia ––––

zurgi zurgi zurgi zurgi aweuli)aweuli)aweuli)aweuli)”2.

aRsaniSnavia, rom zogierTi Tanamedrove mkvlevari (t. maisaki,

v. Sulce), udiurSi ara “intensiur”, aramed velarizebul SiSina

Tanxmovnebs aRniSnavs3.

sayuradRebod migvaCnia s. koZasovis mosazreba: mkvlevari

velarizacias, romelic SiSina Tanxmovans gansxvavebul tembrs

aniWebs, faringalizaciis Tanamdev procesad miiCnevs4, rac

gasaziarebeli Cans. Cveni azriT, swored SiSinaTa

faringalizaciis//velarizaciis procesma Seiyvana SecdomaSi is

mkvlevrebi, vinc udiuri enis fonologiur sistemaSi intensiur

Tanxmovnebs aRniSnavs.

unda davaskvnaT, rom samecniero literaturaSi

postulirebul intensiur, anda velarizebul SiSina TanxmovanTa da

faringalizacias Soris uSualo kavSiri arsebobs: _ iSviaTi

gamonaklisis garda, mkvlevrebi intensiur Tanxmovnebs varaudoben

faringalizebul sityvebSi. TviT velarizebuli da miT ufro _

intensiuri (“geminirebuli”, “magari”) fonemebis gamoyofa udiurSi,

Cveni azriT, aramarTebulia.

1 iqve, gv. 13. 2 fanCviZe vl., uduris gramatikuli analizi, Tbilisi, 1974, gv. 39.

3 ix.: Майсак Т.А., Варианты удинской орфографии и транскрипции (краткий обзор), Удинский

сборник (грамматика, лексика, история языка), Москва, 2008, gv. 452. 4 Кибрик А. Е., Кодзасов С. В., Сопоставительное изучение дагестанских языков. Имя. Фонетика,

Москва, 1990, gv. 347.

43

TanxmovanTa kompleqsebiTanxmovanTa kompleqsebiTanxmovanTa kompleqsebiTanxmovanTa kompleqsebi

udiuri ena ver egueba TanxmovanTa Tavmoyras erTi marcvlis

farglebSi. varTaSnul kiloSi SeiZleba Segvxvdes mxolod ori

Tanxmovanisagan Semdgari kompleqsi, xolo nijurSi iSviaTad sami

Tanxmovnisagan Semdgari kompleqsic gvxvdeba. es kompleqsebi

warmoiqmneba maSin, rodesac erTi maTgani xuravs wina marcvals,

xolo meore _ iwyebs momdevno marcvals. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom

udiuri enaSi Zirebi umTavresad erTi, iSviaTad ori marcvlisagan

Sedgeba. Tu gvxvdeba sam an metmacvliani sityva, is an aris

nasesxebi, anda derivaciul afiqsebs Seicavs.

TaxmovanTa Tavmoyra reduqciis Sedegadac viTardeba.

reduqcia xdeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu TanxmovanTa Tavmoyra asatania.

qarzux’sa1 < qarzuxesa “vcxovrob”, magram: qarxesun da ara

[qarx’sun] “cxovreba”...

nijur dialeqtSi reduqcia ufro metadaa gavrcelebuli:

SesaZlebelia zedized sulac ori xmovnis amoReba, magram aseT

SemTxvevaSi viTardeba TanxmovanTgasayari e.w. iracionaluri bgera,

mag.: qarÊz’x’sa < qarzuxesa “vcxovrob”,2 Sdr. varT.: qarzux’sa <

qarzuxesa “id”...

aRsaniSnavia, rom udiuri ver egueba TanxmovanTa garkveul

kompleqsebs:

dentalur xSul-mskdomTa rigi//SiSina afrikatTa rigi (dddd, TTTT,

tttt; jjjj, CCCC, WWWW) + sisina da SiSina yru spirantebi (ssss, SSSS). Tu es

Tanxmovnebi am TanmimdevrobiT xvdeba morfemaTa sazRvarze, xdeba

maTi gadasma: dsdsdsds > sdsdsdsd; TsTsTsTs > sTsTsTsT; tstststs > stststst da a.S., mag.: lastun <

ladsun < ladesun “wasma”; bistun < bitsun < bitesun “Tesva”; e-ne-

WWa < e-ne-sWa < e-ne-sCa < e-ne-Csa < e-ne-Cesa “moaqvs”...

1 ’’’’ niSniT reduqciis adgils aRvniSnavT. 2 am magaliTSi SesaZlebelia metatezasTan gvqondes saqme: qarzuxesa >

qaruzx’sa > qarÊzx’sa, iseve, rogorc, magaliTad, qalqo-uz < qalqo-zu

(viswavli”) formis SemTxvevaSi.

44

winaenismieri xSul-mskdomi (dddd, TTTT, tttt) + sonori (nnnn, rrrr, llll)

varTaSnul kiloSi ver Zlebs erTad. aseve varTaSnuli ver egueba

sonorTa garkveul kombinaciebs. aseT SemTxvevebSi, xdeba sruli

asimilacia: dddd + nnnn//rrrr//llll > dddddddd; TTTT + nnnn//rrrr//llll > TTTTTTTT; tttt + nnnn//rrrr//llll > tttttttt; rrrr

+ nnnn//llll > llllllll; llll + rrrr//nnnn > llllllll...

nijur kiloSi es procesi, rogorc wesi, ar viTardeba, Sdr.:

varT. qar-ru-xsa < qar-nu-xsa “cxovrob”;

nij. qar-nu-xsa “id”...

45

ZiriTadi fonetikuri procesebiZiriTadi fonetikuri procesebiZiriTadi fonetikuri procesebiZiriTadi fonetikuri procesebi

xmovanTa rxmovanTa rxmovanTa rxmovanTa reduqciaeduqciaeduqciaeduqcia (SekumSvaSekumSvaSekumSvaSekumSva)

reduqcia udiurSi dakavSirebulia maxvilTan. maxvili,

rogorc wesi, fiqsirebulia bolo marcvalze, Tumca zogjer

maxvili Tavkidur marcvals moudis. Tu sityva orze

metmarcvliania, aseT SemTxvevaSi, ori maxvili dasturdeba:

ZiriTadi (bolo marcvalze) da Tanamaxvili (Tavkidur marcvalze).

reduqcia mosdis maxvilis wina xmovans.

fuZis SigniT reduqcia (fuZis kumSva) udiurSi gavrcelebuli

movlenaa. rogorc wesi, ikumSeba eeee da uuuu xmovnebi, mag.: ŽÁ’lux <

ŽÁelux “bavSvebi” (ŽÁel “bavSvi”); JoR’la < JoRula (JoRul

“zafxuli”); ÃoS’nun (nij.) < ÃoSunun “jaris” (ÃoSun “jari”)...

reduqcia sistematurad dasturdeba zmnis formebSi: masdaris

mawarmoeblis (-eseseses) eeee xmovani xSirad ikumSeba masze dayrdnobiT

nawarmoeb masdari II-s, awmyosa da namyo-uwyvetelis (imperfeqti)

formebSi, mag.:

uq’sun < uqesun “Wama”; uRˤsun < uRˤesun “sma”...

u-ne-q’sa < u-ne-qesa “Wams”; u-ne-Rˤ’sa < u-ne-Rˤesa “svams”...

u-ne-q’saÁ < u-ne-qesaÁ “Wamda”; u-ne-Rˤ’saÁ < u-ne-RˤesaÁ “svamda”...

reduqcia sistematurad xdeba mravlobiTi ricxvis

warmoebisas, irib brunvaTa formebSi, mag.:

saxsaxsaxsax. guratux “perangebi”; viCimux “Zmebi”; hasoux “Rrublebi”;

ergergergerg. gurat’Ron < guratuRon < *guratuxen; viCim’Ron <

viCimuRon < *viCimuxen; haso’Ron < hasouRon < *hasouxen;

naTnaTnaTnaT. gurat’Ro[Á] < guratuRo[Á] < *guratuxai; viCim’Ro[Á] <

viCimuRo[Á] < *viCimuxai; haso’Ro[Á] < hasouRo[Á] < *hasouxai;

micmicmicmic. gurat’Ro[x] < guratuRo[x] < *guratuxa[x]; viCim’Ro[x] <

viCimuRo[x] < *viCimuxa[x]; haso’Ro[x] < hasouRo[x] <

*hasouxa[x]...

46

xmovanTa SekvecaxmovanTa SekvecaxmovanTa SekvecaxmovanTa Sekveca

xmovanTa Sekveca ZiriTadad dakavSirebulia morfologiur

movlenebTan. varTaSnul kiloSi, rodesac erTmaneTs Sexvdeba ori

xmovani _ fuZiseuli da formantiseuli, rogorc wesi, erT-erTi

amoiReba, mag.:

faSna “gogra” _ faSn’in “gogrisa” (GEN);

Tarna “Tone” _ Tarn’in “Tonisa” (GEN)...

xmovnis Sekveca gavrcelebulia agreTve kompozitebis

warmoebisas, mag.:

qal-nana < qala-nana “dideda”; qal-baba < qala-baba “babua”...

erTmarcvlian xmovanfuZian saxelebSi xmovani ar ikveceba.

nijurSi erTmarcvliani saxelis fuZisa da formants Soris Cndeba

xmovanTgasayari ÁÁÁÁ, Sdr.:

varTvarTvarTvarTaSnuliaSnuliaSnuliaSnuli

sax. xˤa

erg. xˤa-en

mr. xˤa-urux

nijnijnijnijuriuriuriuri

xˤa

xˤa-Á-en

xˤa-Á-ox

xmovanTa asimilaciaxmovanTa asimilaciaxmovanTa asimilaciaxmovanTa asimilacia

udiurSi SeiniSneba xmovanTa sruli an nawilobrivi

asimilacia. dasturdeba rogorc regresuli, ise progresuli

asimilacia.

xSiria bagismieri xmovnebis (oooo, uuuu) mier aaaa da eeee xmovnebis

regresuli asimilireba, mag.:

qala-o > qalo-o > qalo “didi” (+ NA); sa-o > so-o > so

“erTi” (+ NA);

meno > mono “es” (+ NA); Seno > Sono “is” (+ NA)...

nijurSi dasturdeba eeee xmovnis asimilacia momdevno ÁÁÁÁ

bgerasTan. es procesi viTardeba, rodesac uaryofiTi klitika -TeTeTeTe

moxvdeba -ÁanÁanÁanÁan _ I piris niSanTan mravlobiTSi, mag.:

47

Te-Áan-baqe > Ti-Áan-baqe “ar viyaviT”;

Te-Áan-haÃo > Ti-Áan-haÃo “ar viyidiT”...

progresuli asimilacia uuuu...aaaa//uuuu...eeee > uuuu...oooo Cveulebrivia

mravlobiTi ricxvis warmoebisas. xSir SemTxvevaSi, asimilaciis

gamomwvevi uuuu bgera SeiZleba reducirebuli iyos:

sax. fulmux “Tvalebi”; adamarux “adamianebi”...

erg. fulmuRon < *fulmuxen; adamar’Ron < *adamaruxen;

mic. fulmuRo[x] < *fulmuxa[x]; adamar’Ro[x] < *adamaruxa[x]...

udiur enaSi gavrcelebuli ŽŽŽŽ...aaaa > ŽŽŽŽ...ŽŽŽŽ progresuli asimilacia:

xinŽr-a “qaliSvils” (DAT) > xinŽr-Ž...

xmovanTa SerwymaxmovanTa SerwymaxmovanTa SerwymaxmovanTa Serwyma

udiurSi iiii+aaaa aaaa+iiii Serwymis Sedegad Cven zogjer viRebT eeee

bgeras, mag.:

sax. viCi “Zma”;

naT. viCi-aÁ > viCeÁ;

mic. viCi-a[x] > viCe[x]...

xmovanTa harmoniaxmovanTa harmoniaxmovanTa harmoniaxmovanTa harmonia

xmovanTa harmonia Zalze gavrcelebulia Turqul enebSi da

kerZod _ azerbaijanul enaSi, romelic, Tavis mxriv, Zlier

gavlenas axdens udiurze. singarmonizmis movlena ZiriTadad

azerbaijanuli enidan nasesxeb leqsikaSi dasturdeba, mag.: ŽgŽrŽm

“Tu”, “Tuki”; šršmšršm “bind-bundi”...

xmovanTa monacvleobaxmovanTa monacvleobaxmovanTa monacvleobaxmovanTa monacvleoba

aRsaniSnavia oooo//uuuu-sa da eeee//iiii-s xSiri monacvleoba. es xmovnebi

erTsa da imave sityvaSi mTqmelTa mixedviT erTmaneTs enacvleba,

mag.:

48

oˤma _ uˤma “marwvi”; Soto _ Sotu “mas”; eSyar _ iSyar

“mamakaci”, “vaJkaci”...

warmodgenil xmovanTa monacvleoba udiuri enis kiloebs

Soris dasturdeba: nijurs axasiaTebs farto (oooo, eeee), xolo

varTaSnuls viwro (uuuu, iiii) xmovnebi, Sdr.:

varTaSnulivarTaSnulivarTaSnulivarTaSnuli

kua “saxls”

xˤaurux “ZaRlebi”

juRab “pasuxi”

iSyar “mamakaci”

iRarux “sicxe”

nijurinijurinijurinijuri

qoÁa

xˤaÁox

joRab

eSÃar

eRarux

xmovanTa xmovanTa xmovanTa xmovanTa aspiraciuli aspiraciuli aspiraciuli aspiraciuli SemarTvaSemarTvaSemarTvaSemarTva (preTezapreTezapreTezapreTeza)

es movlena gansakuTrebiT damaxasiaTebelia nijuri

kilosaTvis. xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac absolutur anlautSi

xmovnis win (ZiriTadad aaaa da eeee xmovnebisa) Cndeba laringaluri h h h h

bgera, Sdr.:


ari “mosuli”

ayes “aReba”, “ayvana”, “yidva”

aÁzes “adgoma”

isus “ieso”

ema? “ramdeni”

eka? “ra”


hari

haÃes//hexˤTes

haÁzes

hisus

hema?

hiqŽ?

ramdenime leqsemis SemTxvevaSi gvxvdeba sapirispiro viTareba:

xmovnis asririrebuli (fSvinvieri) SemarTva dasturdeba

varTaSnuli dialeqtis formebSi, Sdr.:

49


haso “Rrubeli”

haCar “gasaRebi”

hŽzreil “azraili” (sikvdilis

angelozi)...


asoÁ

aCar

azreÁil

difTdifTdifTdifTongizaciaongizaciaongizaciaongizacia

ÁÁÁÁ SeiZleba gaCndes rogorc anlautSi (preTeza), ise inlautsa

(epenTeza) da auslautSi (epiTeza). difTongizaciis procesi

gansakuTrebiT damaxasiaTebelia nijuri kilosaTvis, xolo

varTaSnulSi am process aqvs epizoduri xasiaTi.

nijurSi, varTaSnuli dialeqtisagan gansxvavebiT, zogjer

sityvas anlautSi xmovnis win moudis ÁÁÁÁ, mag.: ÁeÃ “xorci”, Sdr.

varT.: ey “id”...

nijur kiloSi xSiria epenTeza. varTaSnulisagan gansxvavebiT,

sadac gavrcelebulia xiatusi, nijurSi or xmovans Sua viTardeba ÁÁÁÁ

bgera, Sdr.:


Sue “daTvi”

xˤaÁurux “ZaRlebi”

maa? “sad”

biÁas “saRamo”

kua “saxlSi”

nijnijnijnijuriuriuriuri

SuÁe

xˤaÁox, xˤaÁurux

maÁa

biÁas

qoÁa

epiTezac damaxasiaTebelia oden nijuri kilosaTvis:

xmovanfuZian saxelebs nijurSi xSirad moudis ÁÁÁÁ bgera, Sdr.:


haso “Rrubeli”

laSko ‘qorwili”


asoÁ

laSqoÁ

50

oyalo “dabali”

taRa-maRa “iqeT-aqeT”

oÃaloÁ

TaRaÁ-maRaÁ

eliziaeliziaeliziaelizia----kontaminaciakontaminaciakontaminaciakontaminacia

udiur enaSi dasturdeba elizia-kontaminaciis SemTxvevebi

(gamoTqmis dawyvilebul wevrTa imgvari Serwyma, inkorporacia,

romlis Sedegad xdeba winamavali wevris bolokiduri marcvlis an

momdevno wevris Tavkiduri marcvlis amogdeba), mag.:

qa-qala (nij.) < qala-qala (Sdr. varT.: qal-qala); “didi-didi”,

“didroni”, “msxvili” (qala “didi”); saÁ < saki < sa-kiwi “cota”,

“mcireodenad”, “cotaodenad” (sa “erTi” + kiwi “cota”, “mcire”); zuz

< zuzu < zu-buzu “me var” (zu “me” + buzu “var”; bu “yofna”, “qona”,

“yola”)...

xmovanTa palatalizaciaxmovanTa palatalizaciaxmovanTa palatalizaciaxmovanTa palatalizacia

xmovanTa palatalizacia ufro metadaa nujuri kilosaTvisaa

damaxasiaTebeli (gansakuTrebiT aaaa xmovnisa). xSiria SemTxvevebi,

rodesac varTaSnul kiloSi damowmebul martiv xmovans nijurSi

palatalizebuli xmovani Seesatyviseba, Sdr.:


harsa “yoveli”

aS “saqme”

kaSa “TiTi”

toS “gareT”

usin “male”, “Cqara”...


hŽrsa

ŽS

qŽSŽ

C”S

šsin

51

xmovanTa labializaciaxmovanTa labializaciaxmovanTa labializaciaxmovanTa labializacia

udiur enaSi sxva procesic dasturdeba, romlis Sedegad

palatalizebuli xmovnebi warmoiqmneba. wina rigis xmovnebi (eeee, iiii)

labializaciis Sedegad gadadis ”””” da šššš-Si. es procesi

gansakuTrebiT varTaSnulSi SeiniSneba, Sdr.:1


g”l” “bevri”

haqšm “eqimi”

sš†tin “pirveli”

Žršg “Werami”...


gele

haqim

si†Tin

Žrig

es procesi zogjer nijurSic iCens Tavs: varTaSnulSi

damowmebuli eeee xmovani labializaciis Sedegad nijurSi gvaZlevs ””””-

s, Sdr.: eW (varT.) _ ”C (nij.) “kalo”...

TamxmovanTa reduqciaTamxmovanTa reduqciaTamxmovanTa reduqciaTamxmovanTa reduqcia

udiurSi Zireuli leqsikuri fondis erTeulTa struqtura

iCens midrekilebas gamartivebisaken. es tendencia vlindeba

TanxmovanTa reduqciiT (ZiriTadad sonorTa) sityvis absolutur

anlautsa da auslautSi. es dasturdeba rogorc TviT udiuri enis

leqsikur erTeulTa Sinagani rekonstruqciiT, ise axlomonaTesave

enebis monacemTa moxmobiT, Sdr.:

1 vl. fanCviZis azriT, aq piriqiT palatalizebuli xmovnebis gamartivebasTan unda

gvqondes saqme _ fanCviZe vl., uduris gramatikuli analizi, Tbilisi, 1974, gv. 17-

18. SeuZlebelia daveTanxmoT am mosazrebas, mag.: ueWvelia, rom forma haqim

“eqimi” nijurSi pirveladi saxiTaa SenarCunebuli, xolo varTaSnuli haqšm

fonetikuri cvlilebis (labializaciis) Sedegadaa miRebuli, Sdr. arab.: حکم

(haqim).

52

ud. uWˤ (< *nuWˤ) _ Sdr. xin. niw; sak.-did. nuci; beJit. nuco;

xvarS. nuca; hinux. nuce; hunz. nucu; lak. niw; Sdr. agreTve: axvax.

unwí (< nuwí); and., boTl., karat. hunwí; tind., godob. huncí; Camal.

nunw´; bagv. hunw´ “Tafli”.

ud. uk (< *ruk) _ Sdr. lezg. rik; xunZ. rak; axvax., karat.,

tind., Camal., bagv., boTl., godob. rak…a; and. roko; sak.-did. roku;

hinux. roke; hunz. raku; darg. urki (< *ruki) “guli”.

ud. RˤoR (nij.), Ru (varT.) < *Rur – Sdr. lezg. Ãˤur; Tab.

Ãˤur//Rˤur; aR. Rˤur//Rur; ruT. Rˤir; kriw., budux. yur; darg. ®ˤara

“kurdReli”.

ud. wi (< *wir) _ Sdr. t…ar; Tab. wur//cúr//zur; aR., kriw.,

budux. Tur; ruT. dur; arC. wor; xunZ. wár; axv., karat., boTl. wéri;

tind. céra; and. wér; beJ. caro; hunz. canru “saxeli”.

ud. xe (< Ãe < *Ãed) _ Sdr. lezg. Áad; Tab. Sad//Sar; aR. Ãed;

wax. ÃŽn; kriw., budux. Ãad “wyali”.

xmovanTa reduqcia ufro metad axasiaTebs nijur kilos, Sdr.:


Cubux “coli”, “qali”

ÃŽrC “tkivili”1

jib ‘jibe”


Cuux2

ÃaC jš

TanxmovanTa asimilaciaTanxmovanTa asimilaciaTanxmovanTa asimilaciaTanxmovanTa asimilacia

varTaSnul kiloSi Zalze gavrcelebulia nnnn da llll bgerebis

asimilacia: Tu nnnn bgera moxvdeba winamavali rrrr, llll, TTTT//tttt, dddd-s Semdeg,

is emsgavseba maT. es procesi Cveulebrivia piris niSnebis, brunvis

1 es forma oden q. oRuzis (varTaSenis) metvelebaSi dasturdeba _ Талибов Б. Б.,

Сравнительная фонетика лезгинских языков, Москва, 1980, gv. 199. es leqsema oqtomberulSi

aseve reduciebuli saxiT gvxvdeba: yˤaW. 2 nijurSi Cu…ux da Cuhux formebic dasturdeba.

53

formantebisa darTvisas da aseve sityvawarmoebaSi. mag.: qarrrrrrrrexsa <

qarnrnrnrnexsa “cxovrobs”; kallllllllexa < kalnlnlnlnexa “kiTxulobs”; aÁiTTTTTTTTexa <

aÁiTnTnTnTnexa “laparakobs”; xoddddddddaÁ < xodndndndnaÁ “xisa”...

aRsaniSnavia, rom nijurSi es fonetikuri procesi ar

dasturdeba, Sdr.:


arrrrrrrra xod “msxlis xe”

dampulllllllla xod “qliavis xe”

aÁTkallllllllu “ityvi”...


arnrnrnrna xod

damfulnlnlnlna xod

aÁTqalnlnlnlnu

sityvawarmoebisas, xSiria llll bgeris asimilacia winamaval rrrr,

TTTT//tttt, dddd bgerebTan, mag.: azarrrrrrrru < azarlrlrlrlu “avadmyofi”; xodddddddduR <

xodldldldluR “tye”, “baRi” (xod “xe” + krebiTobis sityvawarmoebiTi

afiqsi luR). llll bgeris asimilacia winaenismier xSulebTan (dddd, TTTT, TTTT)

nijurSic dasturdeba.

rogorc magaliTebidan irkveva, varTaSnulSi asimilaciis

Sedegad geminatebi warmoiqmneba: rnrnrnrn > rrrrrrrr; lnlnlnln > nnnnnnnn; dndndndn > dddddddd; TnTnTnTn >

TTTTTTTT... rlrlrlrl > rrrrrrrr; dldldldl > dddddddd; TlTlTlTl > TTTTTTTT... amis sapirispirod, nujurSi

gavrcelebulia nnnn da llll bgerebis reduqcia winamaval rrrr, llll, dddd, TTTT, TTTT

bgerebTan, Sdr.:


tullllllllu < tulnlnlnlnu “yurZens”

qarrrrrrrrexsa < qarnrnrnrnexsa “cxovrobs”

hŽrŽqŽTTTTTTTTebesa < hŽrŽqŽTnTnTnTnebesa

“cdilobs”, “fafxurobs”...


Tulllla

qarrrrexsa

hŽrŽqŽTTTTebsa

TanxmovanTa gadasma TanxmovanTa gadasma TanxmovanTa gadasma TanxmovanTa gadasma (meTaTezameTaTezameTaTezameTaTeza)

udiuri ver egueba TanxmovanTa garkveul kompleqsebs:

54

Tu dentalur xSul-mskdomTa rigisa an SiSina afrikatTa

rigis Tanxmovnebi (dddd, TTTT, tttt; jjjj, CCCC, WWWW) morfemaTa sazRvarze Sexvdeba

momdevno sisina an SiSina yru spirantebs (ssss, SSSS), xdeba maTi gadasma:

dsdsdsds > sdsdsdsd; TsTsTsTs > sTsTsTsT; tstststs > stststst da a.S., mag.:

lastun < ladsun < ladesun “wasma”;

bistun < bitsun < bitesun “Tesva”;

e-ne-WWa < e-ne-sWa < e-ne-sCa < e-ne-Csa < e-ne-Cesa “moaqvs”...

udiurSi aseve sonorTa meTaTeza SeiniSneba:

amdar (nij.) _ adamar (varT.) “adamiani”;

arbuSen (varT.) _ abriSum (nij.) “abreSumi”...

labialuri xSvis labialuri xSvis labialuri xSvis labialuri xSvis reduqciareduqciareduqciareduqcia

varTaSnul dialeqtSi damowmebuli bilabialuri bbbb bgera

nijurSi anlautsa da inlautSi sustdeba da gadadis kbilbagismier

vvvv bgeraSi, Sdr.:


abazak “avazaki”

aba “mcodne”

baba “mama”

boyˤ “Rori”

xabar “ambavi”


avazaq

ava

bava

voÃˤ

xavar

zogjer bbbb bgeris nacvlad nijurSi RRRR da hhhh bgerebi

dasturdeba, mag.: aRRRRuz (//avvvvuz) “meti”, “Warbi”, “ukeTesi”, Sdr. varT.

abbbbuz;

nij. cacna RˤaRal “zRarbi”, Sdr. varT. cacna beRˤal;

nij. Cuhux (//Cu…ux, Cuux) “coli”, “qali”, Sdr. varT. Cubux;

nij. suhuq “msubuqi”, Sdr. varT. subuq...

es fonetikuri procesi istoriulad varTaSnulisaTvis unda

yofiliyo damaxasiaTebeli, mag.:

55

havgŽ “abga”, Sdr. lezg. hebge;

Savalut “wabli”, Sdr. lezg. Sabalut;

yavar “koJri”, Sdr. azerb. gabar;

TanxmovanTa dayruebaTanxmovanTa dayruebaTanxmovanTa dayruebaTanxmovanTa dayrueba

es procesi gansakuTrebiT nijur kilos axasiaTebs. mJReri

Tanxmovani (bbbb, dddd) nijurSi nebismier poziciaSi SeiZleba gadavides

yru arafSvinvier TanxmovanSi (ffff, TTTT), mag.:


bapi “mwife”

bar “wili”, “nawili”

Zaburi “Zabri”

aSbaz “mzareuli”

daÁi “biZa” (dedis mxridan)

daxtag “ficari”


fafi faÁ cŽfiri

aSfaz TaÁi TaxTaq

TanxmovanTa gamJRerebaTanxmovanTa gamJRerebaTanxmovanTa gamJRerebaTanxmovanTa gamJRereba

es SezRuduli fonetikuri procesia. udiur enaSi mxolod xxxx >

RRRR dasturdeba da isic, mxolod varTaSnul kiloSi, mag.:


ajiR “risxva”, “brazi”

boxˤmoR “cxviri”

ÁumburuR “muSti”


ajix

boxˤmox

Áumbrux

es procesi sitymawarmoebisas da brunebisas (mravlobiT

ricxvSi) orsave kiloSi iRebs regularul xasiaTs: rodesac xxxx

bgera auslautSi, romelime afiqsis darTvis Sedegad (ZiriTadad,

mravlobiTi ricxvis formaze romelime brunvis niSnis darTvisas),

56

aRmoCndeba intervokalur poziciaSi an sonorsa da xmovans Soris

(nijurSi intervokalur poziciasa da rrrr Tanxmovnis Semdeg), igi

aucileblad gadadis RRRR bgeraSi,1 mag.: adamarux “adamianebi” >

adamarRon (ERG); adamarRo[Á] (GEN); adamarRo[x] (DAT);

Rarmux “vaJebi” > RarmoRon (ERG); RarmoRo[Á] (GEN);

RarmoRo[x] (DAT)...

zogjer, xxxx bgeris gamJrereba mravlobiTi ricxvis afiqsSi

SeiZleba ganxorcieldes sxva arasonori Tanxmovnis Semdeg, mag.:

guratux “adamianebi” > guratRon (ERG); guratRo[Á] (GEN);

guratRo[x] (DAT)...

sayuradReboa, rom analogiur viTarebaSi ar mJrerdeba

dativis mawarmoeblis kuTvnili xxxx Tanxmovani, Sdr.:

adamarux “adamianebi” _ adamarax “adamians”;

adamarRon “adamianebma” _ adamaraxo “adamianisgan” (ABL)...

TanxmovanTa palatalizaciaTanxmovanTa palatalizaciaTanxmovanTa palatalizaciaTanxmovanTa palatalizacia (iotizaciaiotizaciaiotizaciaiotizacia)

nijur kiloSi zogierTi Tanxmovnebi garkveul fonetikur

pirobebSi gadadian Suaenismier ÁÁÁÁ bgeraSi:

ukanaenismieri gggg, qqqq, qqqq Tanxmovnebi palatalizebul xmovnebTan

kompleqsSi inlautsa da auslautSi gvaZlevs ÁÁÁÁ-s, mag.:


WŽlŽg “tye”

bŽq//bŽk “Tavadi”, “begi”

dŽlŽg “dalaqi”


CŽlŽÁ

bŽÁ

dŽlŽÁ

1 vl. fanCviZe am movlenas imiT xsnida, rom: “mJReri Tanxmovani udiurSi sityvis

boloSi ver Zlebs da igi yruvdeba. samagierod, rodesac igi moxvdeba sityvis SigniT,

xmovnebs Soris, isev gamJRerdeba. es procesi ... gansakuTrebiT TvalsaCinoa ... -uxuxuxux

mravlobiTis niSanSi” _ fanCviZe vl., uduris gramatikuli analizi, Tbilisi, 1974,

gv. 44. anu, unda vivaraudod, rom mkvlevari mravlobiTi ricxvis

mawarmoebelisaTvis RRRR mJRers aRadgenda.

57

dŽrgŽn “zRva”

gegŽr “mtredi”

dŽrÁŽn

giÁŽr

zogjer palatalizacia martiv xmovnebTanac xdeba, mag.: Tog

(varT.) “fasi” > ToÁ (nij.);

TŽg (varT.) “toti” > TaÁ (nij.)...

llll bgera intervokalur poziciaSi gadadis ÁÁÁÁ-Si, mag.: bali

(varT.) “bali” > baÁi (nij.);

mala? (varT.) “sad” > maÁa? (nij.);

fulin (varT.) “Tvalis” > fuÁin (nij.)...

dezafrikatizaciadezafrikatizaciadezafrikatizaciadezafrikatizacia

nijuri kilosatvis damaxasiaTebelia varTaSnulSi

damowmebuli jjjj bgeris dezafrikatizaciis (JJJJ bgeraSi gadasvlis)

procesi, mag.:


bixajux “RmerTi”

borj “vali”

koj “saxli”

keje “mJave”

yoja “moxuci”

xoji “Crdili”

ojil “kudi”

jam “gineba”

jejer “bageebi”


bixaJux borJ

qoJ

qeJe ÃoJa

xoJi

oJul

Jam

JeJer

CCCC, CCCC bgerebisa da sisina afrikatebis pozicia nijurSi myaria,

xolo jjjj afrikati sul ramdenime sityvaSi dasturdeba, mag.: joRab

58

“pasuxi”, Sdr. varT. juRab; qonjur “patroni”, Sdr. varT. konjux;

j”baqsun “gayofa”, “dayofa”, Sdr. varT. joqbaqsun...

afrikatizaciaafrikatizaciaafrikatizaciaafrikatizacia

dezafrikatizaciisagan gansxvavebiT, afrikatizacia

varTaSnuli kilosTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. es SezRuduli

fonetikuri procesia: afrikarizacias ganicdis ssss Tanxmovani,

romelic inlautsa da auslautSi cccc da wwww bgerebSi gadadis, mag.:


qolqoc “buCqi”

mec “bude”

TŽrc “jiuti”

axwima “aRdgoma”


qolqos

mes

TŽrs

axsibaÁ1

iSviaTad, zzzz bgera intervokalur poziciasa da rrrr Tanxmovansa

da xmovans Soris gadadis wwww afrikatSi, Sdr.:


miwiq “xbo”2

quw “Tvlema”

taw “taSti”


mozi3

quz

Taz4

dezabruptivizadezabruptivizadezabruptivizadezabruptivizaciaciaciacia

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, sof. oqtomberis (zinobianis)

metyvelebis gamoklebiT, udiur enaSi abruptiuli Tanxmovnebi

1 Sdr. qarT. aRvseba. 2 sof. oqtomberis metyvelebaSi mozi formac dasturdeba. 3 Sdr. arC. biS, sak.-did., ginux. meSi, xvarS. miSe, hunz., beJ. biSe, axv. buSa. 4 sof. nijSi zogierT mTqmelTa metyvelebaSi afrikatizaciis Sedegad

miRebuli formebic SeiniSneba: quc “Tvlema”; Tac “taSti” da a.S.

59

gadavidnen preruptivebSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom preruptivebi an

Semonaxuli abruptivebi udiur enaSi, rogorc wesi, saerTo

daRestnurisaTvis da (//an) saerTo lezgiurisatvis postulirebul

intensiur abruptivebs Seesatyviseba, mag.:

oqt. wi, varT., nij. ci “saxeli”, Sdr.: lezg. t…ar, Tab. wur,

cúr, xunZ. wár, war, axv. wéri, karat. wéri, ¬eri, tind. céra, Camal.

¬é, boTl. wéri, hodob. céri, and. wér;

oqt. uWˤ, varT., nij. uCˤ “Tafli”, Sdr.: Tab. Ái�, aR. š�´, šT,

xunZ. howó, and., boTl. hunwí, Camal., bagv. hunw´, karat. hunwé, axv.

unw´.

saerTo daRestnurisaTvis da (//an) saerTo lezgiurisaTvis

postulirebuli martivi, aramagari abruptivi, rogorc samecniero

literaturaSia aRniSnuli (il. cercvaZe, b. Talibovi), saerTod

dakargulia, nulovani refleqsaciiTaa warmodgenili (zogjer

abruptivi gadasulia ÁÁÁÁ-Si an sxva romelime konsonantSi), mag.:

ud. el < *yel “marili”, Sdr.: lezg. yel, Tab. yil, aR. yel,

ruT. yˤal, wax. yev, bud. yel, kriw. yel, xin. yˤa;

ud. in < *Win < *Wid “rwyili”, Sdr.: arC. Win, lezg. WuT, Tab.

Wud, Wur, aR. Wid, Wir, ruT. WiT, wax. Win, xin. WˤuT, kriw. Wid, bud.

Wid; Sdr. agreTve: xunZ. Wet, bagv., boTl., hodob. Want, and. Wonni,

sak.-did. Wiqi, lak. Waga, darg. wiqa;

ud. ini < *wini “axali”, Sdr.: lezg. wiÁi, Tab. wiÁi, aR. weÁe,

ruT. windÊ, wax. wedÊn, kriw. wiÁal, arC. mawaT; Sdr. agreTve: wiÁab,

karat. winÁub, tind. winhub, Camal. winub, boTl. winu, sak.-did. ewun,

xvarS. ewna;

ud. vuÁ < *vuW “cxra”, Sdr.: Tab. vurWuv, urWub, aR. ÁerWud,

ruT. uWud, huWud, ÁiWud, wax. ÁuWˤud, kriw. ÁiWid, bud. viWid, arC.

uW; Sdr. agreTve: xunZ. iWgo, axv. abWada, karat. haW…ada, tind. haWaÁa,

Camal. aWada, bagv. haWara, boTl. haWada, and. hoWoCu, beJ. aWena, sak.-

60

did. oWino, xvarS. unWin, hinux. ®aWino, hunz. uCin, darg. urWemal,

lak. urWa;

ud. moˤl (//meˤl) < *moyˤol “Tagvi”, Sdr.: xin. nuyur, arC.

noyˤon, lezg. yi†, yuS (axt.), yˤux½ (fii.), Tab. yˤil, aR. Äul, yˤul,

ruT. yˆl, wax. yˤov, bud. yal; Sdr. agreTve: beJ. anyo, xvarS. any…a,

hinux. ay…e, hunZ. anyu, lak. kulu, xunZ. hunk´, and. hinkú, boTl.

hink´…a, karat. herk´…a;

ud. iJˤen < *yˤijen < *yˤiden “zamTari”, Sdr.: lezg. yˤud, Tab.

yˤurd, aR. Rˤurd, ruT. yˤud, wax. yˤidim, bud. yˤajraj, kriw. yud, xin.

kinaJ, arC. yˤotíÃ...

61

saxelisaxelisaxelisaxeli

arsebiTi saxeliarsebiTi saxeliarsebiTi saxeliarsebiTi saxeli

udiur enaSi arsebiT saxels moepoveba brunvisa da ricxvis

kategoriebi. istoriulad udiurisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli unda

yofiliyo amJamad moSlili gramatikuli klas-kategoria. TvalSi

sacemia am kategoriis naSTi gaqvavebul klasifikatorTa saxiT, maT

Soris arsebiT saxelebSic.

arsebiTi saxeliarsebiTi saxeliarsebiTi saxeliarsebiTi saxeli agebulebis mixedviT. sityvawarmoebaagebulebis mixedviT. sityvawarmoebaagebulebis mixedviT. sityvawarmoebaagebulebis mixedviT. sityvawarmoeba

udiur enaSi arsebiTi saxeli fuZis agebulebis mixedviT

iyofa sam jgufad: martivfuZian, nawarmoebfuZian da rTulfuZian

(TxzulfuZian) saxelebad.

martivimartivimartivimartivi fuZefuZefuZefuZe

istoriulad udiuri enis arsebiTi saxelisaTvis unda

yofiliyo damaxasiaTebeli erTmarcvliani martivi fuZe VC, CV da

CVC (rogorc wesi _ CVS an SVC) struqturis, mag.: wiwiwiwi “saxeli”; pipipipi

“sisxli”; fifififi “qoni”; ††††iiii “Rvino”; gagagaga “adgili”; RiRiRiRi “dRe”...

iyiyiyiy “nacari”; eyeyeyey “xorci”; elelelel “marili”; arararar “msxali”; eSeSeSeSˤ

“vaSli”...

qulqulqulqul “xeli”; kkkkulululul “miwa”; bulbulbulbul “Tavi”; fulfulfulful “Tvali”; tultultultul

“yurZeni”; cilcilcilcil “Tesli”; wilwilwilwil “nakverCxali”; RarRarRarRar “vaJi”; “Svili”...

nepnepnepnep “Zili”; neR neR neR neR “cremli”; muSmuSmuSmuS “qari”; muzmuzmuzmuz “ena”...D

gavrcelebulia, agreTve, ormarcvliani (iSviaTad

sammarcvlianic) martivfuZiani (sinqronul doneze) arsebiTi

saxeli, mag.: nayelnayelnayelnayel “mawoni”; buqunbuqunbuqunbuqun “muceli”; ezbunezbunezbunezbun “xnuli”; laSkolaSkolaSkolaSko

62

“qorwili”; zidozidozidozido “rkina”; nikonikonikoniko “burTi”; hasohasohasohaso “Rrubeli”; baWanbaWanbaWanbaWan

“zurgi”; baWanabaWanabaWanabaWana “mercxali”...

zogierT martivfuZian arsebiT saxels unda gamoeyos

determinaciuli elementebi (rogorc wesi _ sufiqsi), mag.: -elelelel _

nay-elelelel “mawoni”, Sdr.: naynaynaynay “do” an muWˤa-naynaynaynay “rZe”; -ulululul _ b-ulululul “Tavi”,

magram: b-inininin “Tavma”, “Tavis”, b-exxxx “Tavs”, b-exexexex-oooo “Tavidan”; f-ulululul

“Tvali”, magram: f-inininin “Tvalma”, “Tvalis”, f-exexexex “Tvals”, f-exxxx-oooo

“Tvalidan”; q-ullll “xeli”, magram: q-inininin “xelma”, “xelis”, q-exexexex “xels”,

q-exexexex-oooo “xelidan”;

-lalalala//-babababa _ mniSvnelobiT udris qarTul -ianianianian, -ierierierier, -ovanovanovanovan

sufiqsebs. -lalalala sufiqsi determinativad gvxvdeba zogierT arsebiT

saxelSi, mag.: ÃoÃ-lalalala “kvercxi”; yoSa-lalalala “tyufi”; muSa-lalalala

“Widaoba”...

-ikikikik _ awarmoebs kninobiT saxelebs, magram zogierTi arsebiTi

saxelis ZirTan Sezrdilia (TiTqmis) ufunqciod, mag.: foˤfn-ikikikik

“qusli”; bizl-ikikikik “wveTiani”...

-iiii da -alalalal sufiqsebi udiurSi awarmoebs sruli (-i i i i

formantiani) da usruli (-alalalal formantiani) saxis mimReobebs. am

sufiqsebis gamoyofa SesaZlebelia zogierT arsebiT saxelSic, mag.:

moz-iiii “xbo”; Cçl-iiii “Tevzi”; tur-iiii “Zafi”; viC-iiii “Zma”; xunC-iiii “da”... ;

tek-alalalal “kalia”; jirjirk-alalalal “WriWina”; cacbeRˤ-alalalal “zRarbi”; kerw-alalalal

“kaWkaWi”...

-unununun _ warmoSobiT naTesaobiTi brunvis formantia. es sufiqsi

ZirTan unda iyos Sezrdili iseT saxelebSi, rogoricaa: buq-unununun

“muceli”; Ãab-unununun “varskvlavi”; daˤv-unununun “mxali”; qej-unununun “tylapi”, Sdr.:

qejeqejeqejeqeje “mJave”...

udiurs moepoveba saxelTa fuZeebis erTi jgufi, romelsac

boloSi uzis -inininin//-ÁnÁnÁnÁn elementi. es elementi SeiZleba daukavSirdes

rogorc naTesaobiTi brunvis, ise ergativ-instrumentalisis

formants, mag.: gog-inininin “mwvane”, “mwvanili”; b-inininin “rZali”, “patarZali”;

Wç-Án Án Án Án “cximi”, “qoni”; ko-ÁnÁnÁnÁn “qudi”; qo-ÁnÁnÁnÁn “saxelo”; kuˤ-ÁnÁnÁnÁn “boli”,

“kvamli”...

63

aseve, safiqrebelia, rom -oooo elementi determinativad

gvevlineba iseT sityvebSi, rogoricaa: laSklaSklaSklaSk-oooo “qorwili”; zidzidzidzid-oooo

“rkina”; niknikniknik-oooo “burTi”; hashashashas----oooo “Rrubeli”; Sdr. udiurisaTvis

damaxasiaTebel masubstantivebel -oooo sufiqss.

gaqvavebul klasis eqsponatTa sakiTxi arsebiT saxelSigaqvavebul klasis eqsponatTa sakiTxi arsebiT saxelSigaqvavebul klasis eqsponatTa sakiTxi arsebiT saxelSigaqvavebul klasis eqsponatTa sakiTxi arsebiT saxelSi

udiurSi gavrcelebulia bbbb- Tavkiduriani arsebiTi saxelebi.

es elementi (bbbb- an xSirad bVbVbVbV-: babababa- bebebebe-, bibibibi-, bobobobo-, boboboboˤ-, bubububu-, bubububuˤ-...) nivTis

klasis gaqvavebuli eqsponenti unda iyos, mag.: bbbb-er “baliSi”; bbbb-eRˤ

‘mze”; bbbb-oyˤ “Rori”; bubububu-qun “muceli”; babababa-Wˤan “zurgi”; bbbb-aWˤ “qvevrze

dasafarebeli qva”; bobobobo-yo “comi”...

zogierT arsebiT saxelSi xerxdeba vvvv- (mamakacis klasis

aRmniSvneli eqsponenti) an ÁÁÁÁ- prefiqsis (qalis klasis aRmniSvneli

eqsponenti) gamoyofa, mag.: vivivivi-Ci “Zma”; Sdr.: hunhunhunhun-Ci “da”; se-vvvv-Ce

“mazli”... ; se-ÁÁÁÁ-ne “dedamTili”... naTesaobis aRmniSvnel saxelTa

amdagvari warmoeba dasturdeba udiuris monaTesave enebSi, Sdr.,

magaliTad, xunZ.: vvvv-ac´ “Zma”//ÁÁÁÁ-ac´ “da”; vvvv-at¾ad “mamamTili”//ÁÁÁÁ-at¾ad

“dedamTili”...

nawarmoebi fuZe. derivaciuli sufiqsebinawarmoebi fuZe. derivaciuli sufiqsebinawarmoebi fuZe. derivaciuli sufiqsebinawarmoebi fuZe. derivaciuli sufiqsebi

sakuTari mawarmoeblebisakuTari mawarmoeblebisakuTari mawarmoeblebisakuTari mawarmoeblebi

-ikikikik _ awarmoebs kninobiT saxelebs, mag.: fu†Tl-ikikikik “buTxuza”;

foT-ikikikik “goWi”; miw-ikikikik “patara”, “pawawina”; xunC-ikikikik “daiko”; bin-ikikikik

“Tojina” (binbinbinbin “patarZali”)...

-nuTnuTnuTnuT _ uaryofis bolosarTovani nawilakia, mniSvnelobiT

udris qarTul uuuu- ... -oooo cirkumfiqss, mag.: bul-nuTnuTnuTnuT “uTavo”; qul-nuTnuTnuTnuT

“uxelo”; konjux-nuTnuTnuTnuT “upatrono”; koj-mec-nuTnuTnuTnuT “usaxlkaro”...

-lalalala//-babababa _ mniSvnelobiT udris qarTul -ianianianian, -iiiierererer, -ovanovanovanovan

sufiqsebs, mag.: fof-lalalala “Tmiani” (foffoffoffof “Tma”); ey-lalalala//ey-babababa “xorciani”

64

(eyeyeyey “xorci”); iy-lalalala//iy-babababa “nacriani” (iyiyiyiy “nacari”); wi-lalalala “saxelovani”

(wiwiwiwi “saxeli”); uk-lalalala “guliani” (ukukukuk “guli”)...

-oooo _ daerTvis sxvadasxva metyvelebis nawils da axdens maT

gasubstantivebas, mag.: qala adamar arene “ufrosi adamiani movida”,

Sdr.: qalo-oooo (< qala-oooo) arene “ufrosi movida”...

udiurSi derivantis funqciiT xSirad gamoiyeneba agreTve

brunvis niSnebi, saxeldobr:

-enenenen (ergativ-instrumentalisi): paˤ-elmuR-onononon < *paˤ-elmux-enenenen

“orsuli” (papapapaˤ “ori” + elmuxelmuxelmuxelmux [pl. tantum] “suli”); iJˤ-enenenen “zamTari”,

Sdr.: iJiJiJiJˤ “Tovli”; iy-enenenen “nacriani” (iyiyiyiy “nacari”), Sdr.: iyiyiyiy-lalalala

“nacriani”...

-unununun (naTesaobiTi brunva): daerTvis zmnisarTebsa da zmnur

fuZeebs da awarmoebs zedsarTav da arsebiT saxelebs, mag.: miÁa-unununun

“aqauri” (mimimimiÁÁÁÁaaaa “aq”); tiÁa-unununun “iqauri” (ttttiiiiÁÁÁÁaaaa “iq”); bit-uuuunnnn “naTesi” (bitbitbitbit-

esun “Tesva”); kaWk-unununun “kevi” (kaWkaWkaWkaW-f-esun “ReWva”, kaWkkaWkkaWkkaWk-al “mReWavi”);

yˤayˤaf-unununun “erbo-kvercxi” (yyyyˤayayayayˤaaaa-ffff-sun “xrCoba”, “gudva” ?); Wef-unununun

“gamonayari”, “muwuki” (WeWeWeWe-ffff-sun “gamoyra”)...

-axaxaxax (micemiTi brunva): apin-axaxaxax “ofliani” (apapapap “ofli”); WçÁn-axaxaxax

“cximiani” (WWWWççççÁnÁnÁnÁn “cximi”, “qoni”)...

-axaxaxax-oooo (ablativi): el-axaxaxax-oooo “mlaSe” (elelelel “marili”)...

nasesxebi mnasesxebi mnasesxebi mnasesxebi mawarmoeblebi (azerbaijanulidan)awarmoeblebi (azerbaijanulidan)awarmoeblebi (azerbaijanulidan)awarmoeblebi (azerbaijanulidan)

----lu lu lu lu _ mniSvnelobiT udris qarTul -ianianianian, -ierierierier, -ovanovanovanovan sufiqsebs

(Sdr. igive funqciiT udiur enaSi -lalalala//-babababa sufiqss) da agreTve

ixmareba sadaurobis aRmniSvneli formantis funqciiT, mag.: çÁz-lulululu

“sofleli” (ççççÁzÁzÁzÁz “sofeli”); Sçhçr-lulululu “qalaqeli” (SSSSççççhhhhççççrrrr “qalaqi”);

borS-lulululu < *borj-lulululu “movale” (borjborjborjborj “vali”)...

-CiCiCiCi _ ZiriTadad awarmoebs xelobis, profesiis aRmniSvnel

sityvebs, mag.: naxir-CiCiCiCi//naxàr-CiCiCiCi “menaxire” (naxirnaxirnaxirnaxir//naxnaxnaxnaxààààrrrr “naxiri”);

yorux-CiCiCiCi “mevele” (yoruxyoruxyoruxyorux “mindori”, “veli”); yaraul-CiCiCiCi “daraji”;

Coban//Coban-CiCiCiCi “mwyemsi”; çrzø-CiCiCiCi “momCivani”...

65

-luRluRluRluR//-luxluxluxlux _ awarmoebs ganyenebul saxelebs da gamoxatavs

visame an risame Senacvlebas, magivrobas, mag.: viCi-luRluRluRluR “Zmoba”, “Zmis

magivroba”, “geri Zma” (viCiviCiviCiviCi “Zma”); nana-luRluRluRluR “dedoba”, “dedinacvali”

(nananananananana “deda”); dost-luRluRluRluR “megobroba” (dostdostdostdost “megobari”); yonax-luRluRluRluR

“stumroba”, “stumarTmaspinZloba”, “wveuleba” (yonaxyonaxyonaxyonax “stumari”);

Sel-luRluRluRluR//Sel-luxluxluxlux “sikeTe” (SelSelSelSel “kargi”); agreTve aRniSnavs

krebiTobas, erTgan Tavmoyras, mag.: cac-luRluRluRluR “eklnari” (caccaccaccac

“ekali”); maÃˤmaÃˤ-luRluRluRluR “muxnari” (maÃmaÃmaÃmaÃˤ “muxa”, “rqo”); gçrømzç-luRluRluRluR

“sasaflao” (ggggççççrrrrøøøømzmzmzmzçççç “samare”)...

-sussussussus//-suzsuzsuzsuz _ TiTqmis iseTive mniSvnelobis mawarmoebelia,

rogorc zemoT dasaxelebuli udiuri -nuTnuTnuTnuT nawilaki, mag.: bul-sussussussus//

bul-suzsuzsuzsuz “uTavo” (bulbulbulbul “Tavi”); qul-sussussussus “uxelo” (qulqulqulqul “xeli”);

namus-sussussussus “unamuso” (namusnamusnamusnamus “namusi”)...

rTuli (Txzuli) fuZeebirTuli (Txzuli) fuZeebirTuli (Txzuli) fuZeebirTuli (Txzuli) fuZeebi

erTcnebiani kompozitebierTcnebiani kompozitebierTcnebiani kompozitebierTcnebiani kompozitebi

reduplikacia: yumyumyumyum-yumyumyumyum “lokokina”; damdamdamdam-damdamdamdam “dila”; xxxxˤaaaa-xxxxˤaaaa

“gatexili”; bibibibiˤ-bibibibiˤ ‘xidi”; kowkowkowkow-kowkowkowkow “moxrili”; xurixurixurixuri-xurixurixurixuri “wvril-

wvrili” (xurixurixurixuri “wvrili”)...

zogjer fuZegaorkecebul kompozitebSi SemaerTebel

nawilakad gvxvdeba -babababa- elementi, mag.: SSSSççççhhhhççççrrrr-babababa-SSSSççççhhhhççççrrrr “qalaq-qalaq”

(SSSSççççhhhhççççrrrr “qalaqi”); CoCoCoCo-babababa-CoCoCoCo “pirispir” (CoCoCoCo//CCCCˤoooo “piri”); usenusenusenusen-babababa-usenusenusenusen

“wliTiwlad” (usenusenusenusen “weliwadi”); xaSxaSxaSxaS-babababa-xaSxaSxaSxaS “TveobiT” (xaSxaSxaSxaS “Tve”)...

reduplikacia fonetikuri cvlilebebiT: qaqaqaqa-qalaqalaqalaqala (nij.)//

qalqalqalqal-qalaqalaqalaqala (varT.) < *qalaqalaqalaqala-qalaqalaqalaqala “did-didi”, “didroni”, “msxvili”

(qalaqalaqalaqala “didi”); kiwkiwkiwkiw-kiwikiwikiwikiwi < *kiwikiwikiwikiwi-kiwikiwikiwikiwi “cot-cota”, “mciredi” (kiwikiwikiwikiwi

“cota”); korikorikorikori-morimorimorimori < *korikorikorikori-korikorikorikori “mixveul-moxveuli” (korikorikorikori “mrude”)...

ori an sami arsebiTi saxelis fuZisagan Txzuli

kompozitebi: xaSxaSxaSxaS-babababababababa “naTlia” (xaSxaSxaSxaS “naTeli”, “sinaTle” + babababababababa

“mama”); xaSxaSxaSxaS-babababababababa-CubuxCubuxCubuxCubux “naTlideda” (sinonimi: xaSxaSxaSxaS-nananananananana _ nananananananana “deda”),

66

“naTliis coli” (xaSxaSxaSxaS-babababababababa + CubuxCubuxCubuxCubux “coli”, “dedakaci”)... sami

arsebiTi saxelis fuZisagan Semdgari kompozitebi udiur enaSi

iSviaTad gvxvdeba.

kompozitebi, romelTa pirveli wevri arsebiTi

saxelis fuZea, xolo meore _ msazRvreli sityva: aÃaÃaÃaÃˤ-mawimawimawimawi

“gulTeTra”, “TriTina” (aÃaÃaÃaÃˤ “mkerdi” + mawimawimawimawi “TeTri”); bulbulbulbul-zapkalzapkalzapkalzapkal

“meTauri”, “moTave”, “Tavmjdomare” (bulbulbulbul “Tavi” + zapkalzapkalzapkalzapkal “gamwevi”);

ukukukuk-ÃaÁÃaÁÃaÁÃaÁ “gulRia”, “gulaxdili” (ukukukuk “guli” + ÃaÁÃaÁÃaÁÃaÁ “Ria”)...

kompozitebi, romelTa pirveli wevri msazRvreli

sityvaa, xolo meore _ arsebiTi saxelis fuZe: muWmuWmuWmuWˤaaaa-naynaynaynay “rZe”

(muWmuWmuWmuWˤaaaa “tkbili” + naynaynaynay “do”); xebaqixebaqixebaqixebaqi-WWWWççççÁnÁnÁnÁn “erbo” (xebaqixebaqixebaqixebaqi “damdnari” +

WWWWççççÁnÁnÁnÁn “cximi”, “qoni”); qalqalqalqal-nananananananana “bebia”, qalqalqalqal-babababababababa//qalqalqalqal-papapapapapapapa “babua” (qalqalqalqal

< qalaqalaqalaqala “didi” + nananananananana “deda”; babababababababa//papapapapapapapa “mama”)...

kompozitebi, romelTa pirveli wevri naTesaobiT

brunvaSi dasmuli arsebiTi saxelia, xolo meore _

martivfuZiani arsebiTi saxeli: nepnanepnanepnanepna-tiktiktiktik “Zilis guda” (nepnepnepnep-nananana[ÁÁÁÁ]

“Zilis” + tiktiktiktik “guda”); babababababababa-kojkojkojkoj “mamis saxli” (babababababababa-[ÁÁÁÁ] “mamis” + kojkojkojkoj

“saxli”); muWmuWmuWmuWˤanaynaanaynaanaynaanayna-Co “naRebi” (muWmuWmuWmuWˤanayanayanayanay----nnnnaaaa[ÁÁÁÁ] + CoCoCoCo/CCCCˤoooo “piri”); JJJJˤeneeneeneene-elelelel

“qvamarili” (JJJJˤeeee-nenenene[ÁÁÁÁ] “qvis” + elelelel “marili”); uynauynauynauyna-xodxodxodxod “nigvzis xe”

(uyuyuyuy-nananana[ÁÁÁÁ] “nigvzis” + xodxodxodxod “xe”); WWWWççççÁnaÁnaÁnaÁna-xupxupxupxup “erbos flavi” (WWWWççççÁnÁnÁnÁn-aaaa[ÁÁÁÁ]

“erbos”, “cximis” + xupxupxupxup “flavi”)...

kompozitebi, romelTa pirvel wevrad ixmareba

atributuli sityva, xolo meore wevrad _ arsebiTi

saxelidan nawarmoebi zedsarTavi saxeli: qalaqalaqalaqala-uklauklauklaukla

“didgula”, (qalaqalaqalaqala “didi” + uklauklauklaukla “guliani”); qalaqalaqalaqala-boxboxboxboxˤboxboxboxboxˤlalalala (qalaqalaqalaqala

“didi” + boxboxboxboxˤboxboxboxboxˤlalalala “cxviriani”); papapapaˤ-CollaCollaCollaColla “orpira” (papapapaˤ “ori”,

CollaCollaCollaColla “piriani”)...

orcnebiani komorcnebiani komorcnebiani komorcnebiani kompozitebipozitebipozitebipozitebi

ori arsebiTi saxelis fuZisagan Sedgenilni: nananananananana-babababababababa

“ded-mama”, “mSoblebi”; iSuiSuiSuiSu-CubuxCubuxCubuxCubux “col-qmari”; xunCixunCixunCixunCi-viCiviCiviCiviCi “da-Zma”;

67

kojkojkojkoj-mecmecmecmec “saxl-kari” (zedmiw. “saxl-bude”); ÁorRan-dèSag “saban-

leibi”...

arsebiTi saxelis fuZisa da msazRvreli sityvisagan

Sedgenilni: xexexexe-zapkalozapkalozapkalozapkalo “wylis mzidveli”, “meTuluxe”; xoragxoragxoragxorag-

boxaloboxaloboxaloboxalo “mzareuli” (zedmiw. “saWmlis mxarSveli”); JJJJˤomoxomoxomoxomox-berxaloberxaloberxaloberxalo

“mewisqvile” (zedmiw. “wisqvilis mfqveli”)...

msazRvreli saxelisa da arsebiTi saxelisagan

Sedgenilni: camficamficamficamfi aRalaaRalaaRalaaRala “JuJuna wvima” (zedmiw. “Wreli wvima”);

camficamficamficamfi dadaldadaldadaldadal “Wreli mamali”...

sakuTari saxelisagan da sazogado arsebiTi

saxelisagan Sedgenilni: mariammariammariammariam-nananananananana//marÁammarÁammarÁammarÁam-nananananananana “mariam-deda”,

“RvTismSobeli”...

naTesaobiT brunvaSi dasmuli arsebiTi saxelisa da

martivfuZiani arsebiTi saxelisagan Sedgenilni: kokowunkokowunkokowunkokowun-

kojkojkojkoj “saqaTme” (zedmiw. “qaTmis saxli”); xalikunxalikunxalikunxalikun-RarRarRarRar “biZaSvili”

[dedis mxridan]; TurinTurinTurinTurin-lekerlekerlekerleker “fexsacmeli” (zedmiw. “fexis

WurWeli”)...

ori mimReobisagan Sedgenilni: eRaleRaleRaleRal-TaRaloTaRaloTaRaloTaRalo “momsvlel-

wamsvleli”; boxiboxiboxiboxi-CoCaloCoCaloCoCaloCoCalo “mxarSvel-gamomtani”, “msaxuri”...

aaaarsebiTrsebiTrsebiTrsebiTi saxelisi saxelisi saxelisi saxelis brunebabrunebabrunebabruneba

udiuri enis brunebis sistemis safuZvlad unda miviCnioT

Semdegi ZiriTadi principebi:

brunvebi da mravlobiTi ricxvi iwarmoeba aglutinaciurad.

mravlobiTSi dasturdeba igive brunvis niSnebi, garkveul

fonetikur cvlilebebs Tu ar CavTvliT, rac mxoloobiTSi

gamoiyofa: brunvis niSnebi daerTvis gauformebel fuZes (nominativs

emTxveva) an mravlobiTi ricxvis formantiT garTulebul fuZes.

brunebisas, sxva iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa msgavsad, mravlobiTis

sufiqsi yovelTvis win uswrebs brunvis niSans.

68

udiiur enaSi gamoiyofa ZiriTadi (uTandebulo _ saxelobiTi,

ergativi, naTesaobiTi da micemiTi) da meoreuli (Tandebuliani _

ablativi, komitativi, adesivi, alativi, superisivi da benefaqtivi)

brunvebi. meoreul (Tandebulian) brunvebSi mawarmoebeli

Tandebulebi imgvaradaa Serwymuli brunvis formasTan, rom maTi

gamoyofa zogjer ver xerxdeba.

brunebis sistema erTgvaradaa warmodgenili udiuris orsave

dialeqtSi (varTaSnulsa da nijurSi), Tumca dasturdeba

gansvavebebic.

brunebis sistema udiur enaSi rTulia. SeiniSneba brunvis

niSanTa mravalferovneba, romelic ver aixsneba mxolod

fonetikuri procesebiT: zogierTi mkvlevris azriT (vl. fanCviZe,

evg. jeiraniSvili, v. gukasiani...), udiurSi dasturdeba mxolod erTi

brunebis tipi, xolo formantTa nairsaxeoba aixsneba oden

fonetikuri cvlilebebiT. samarTliani Cans mosazreba (a. Sifneri,

a. diri, t. sixaruliZe), romlis Tanaxmad udiuri enaSi arsebiTi

saxeli brunebis TaviseburebaTa mixedviT iyofa xuT jgufad,

esenia:

1) erTmarcvliani xmovanfuZiani saxelebi;

2) erTmarcvliani TanxmovanfuZiani saxelebi;

3) or an metmarcvliani xmovanfuZiani saxelebi;

4) or an metmarcvliani TanxmovanfuZiani saxelebi;

5) “pluralia tantum” saxelebi.

unda aRiniSnos, rom es sqema yovlismomcveli ar aris: gvrCeba

saxelebi, an saxelTa jgufebi, romlebic Znelia mivakuTvnoT am

zemoCamoTvlilTagan romelime brunebis tips.

jamSi, Cven viRebT formantTa ganawilebis Zalze rTul

sistemas, romelzec moqmedebs rogorc sabrunebeli saxelis fuZis

agebuleba: TanxmovanfuZiania Tu xmovanfuZiani; ramdenmarcvliania

fuZe _ erTmarcvlian saxelebs axasiaTebs, rogorc wesi, fuZesa da

brunvis niSans Soris Tanxmovnuri CanarTebis gaCena (iribi fuZe),

ZiriTadad, -nnnn- elementisa; ise sxvadasxva fonetikuri procesi, mag.:

69

rrrr, llll, dddd//tttt bgerebze daboloebuli saxelTa fuZeebis dasaxelebuli

bolokiduriani Tanxmovnebi regularulad imsgavsebs momdevno -nnnn-

CanarTs: *...rrrr-nnnn-... > ...rrrr-rrrr-...; *...llll-nnnn-... > ...llll-llll-...; *...dddd-nnnn-...//...tttt-nnnn-... > ...dddd-dddd-...).

amis garda, samecniero literaturaSi gamoiTqva safuZvliani

mosazreba, rom udiurSi saxelis brunebaze moqmedebs aw ukve

moSlili gramatikuli klas-kategoriac (t. sixaruliZe).

amas TvalnaTliv davinaxavT xalaxalaxalaxala “deida” da xxxxalaalaalaala “Cangali”

sityvebis magaliTze: orsave saxels saxelobiTSi erTi forma aqvs

(maSasadame _ erTi fuZec), xolo brunebisas vlindeba

Taviseburebebi, Sdr.:

sax. xala “deida”

erg. xala-n

naT. xala-Á

mic. xala-x

abl. xala-x-o...

sax. xala “Cangali”

erg. xal-in-en

naT. xal-in

mic. xal-in-ax

abl. xal-in-ax-o...

pirveli tipis (xalaxalaxalaxala “deida”) mixedviT ibrunvis aaaa//„ xmovanze

daboloebuli ormarcvliani saxelebi, romlebic adamians

aRniSnaven, anu es sityvebi istoriulad mamakacisa da qalis

klasebSi Semavali saxelebia: babababababababa “mama”; nananananananana “deda”; kadakadakadakada “ufrosi

Zma”; ÁeznaÁeznaÁeznaÁezna “siZe”; ustaustaustausta “xelosani”, “ostati”. am principiT ibrunvis

agreTve eeee xmovanze daboloebuli saxelebi: seÁseÁseÁseÁdededede “mamamTili”; seÁneseÁneseÁneseÁne

“dedamTili”; sevCesevCesevCesevCe “mazli” (aq safiqrebelia: eeee < çççç < *aaaa; Sdr. nijis

dialeqtSi dadasturebuls: seÁseÁseÁseÁddddçççç “mamamTili”; seÁnseÁnseÁnseÁnçççç “dedamTili”;

sevCsevCsevCsevCçççç “mazli”)...

meore tipis (xalaxalaxalaxala “Cangali”) mixedviT ibrunvis zustad

aseTive struqturis (aaaa//„ xmovanze daboloebuli ormarcvliani

saxelebi) nivTis aRmniSvneli saxelebi (e.i., istoriulad nivTis

klasSi Tu klasebSi Semavali leqsemebi): ToyToyToyToyˤaaaa “qamari”, ÃoÃlaÃoÃlaÃoÃlaÃoÃla

“kvercxi”, ooooˤmamamama “marwyvi”, muWamuWamuWamuWa “muWa”...

70

es viTareba mxolod imiT aixsneba, rom istoriulad udiur

enaSi saxelebi brunebis dros Taviseburebebs avlendnen maTi

klasovani kuTvnilebis mixedviT.

brunvaTa funqciebbrunvaTa funqciebbrunvaTa funqciebbrunvaTa funqciebiiii

ZiriTadi brunvebiZiriTadi brunvebiZiriTadi brunvebiZiriTadi brunvebi

saxelobiTi brunvasaxelobiTi brunvasaxelobiTi brunvasaxelobiTi brunva. ø (uniSno) _ aRniSnavs subieqts gardauval

zmnasTan, mag.:

CobanCobanCobanCoban onebbsin enesa kua “mwyemsimwyemsimwyemsimwyemsi tiriliT modis Sin [saxlSi]”...

nominativi gvevlineba realur obieqtad rogorc gardamaval

zmnebTan, ise micemiT-subieqtian da naTesaobiT-subieqtian

zmnebTanac, mag.:

elaxun kiwke ÁoldaSen Tanede xib Togix-lu JJJJˤeeee “wasvlisas

patara amxanagma misca sami Zvirfasi qvaqvaqvaqva” [gardamavali zmna];

za azaksa Sel, lçzçTlu faqfaqfaqfaq “me (mic.) vxedav karg, lamaz baRs baRs baRs baRs

(sax.)” [micemiT-subieqtiani zmna];

kua nanaÁ boxeci dadaldadaldadaldadal-ta-baqsa “saxlSi dedas moxarSuli

mamalimamalimamalimamali aqvs” [naTesaobiT-subieqtiani zmna].

ergativiergativiergativiergativi. formantebia -enenenen, -inininin, -onononon: gamoiyeneba ori brunvis

moTxrobiTisa da moqmedebiTis (instrumentalisi) funqciiT.

asrulebs realuri subieqtis rols gardamaval zmnasTan da

Tanabrad ixmareba yvela dro-kilos formasTan (qarTul TargmanSi

mas Seesatyviseba xan moTxrobiTi, xan saxelobiTi, zogjer ki _

micemiTi), mag.:

vaˤ fine isusisusisusisus-enenenen baCna kalatu “da uTxra iesomiesomiesomiesom aseulis

ufross” (mT. 8, 13);

SeTabaxtin-Te har so besalbesalbesalbesal-tttt-inininin aneysa “radganac yoveli

mTxovnelimTxovnelimTxovnelimTxovneli (erg.) miiRebs” (mT. 7, 8)...

ergativis forma xSirad gvevlineba realur subieqtad

micemiT-subieqtian zmnasTan. es procesi meoreulia da

damTavrebuli ar aris: fakultaturad gvxvdeba orive brunvis

forma (micemiTisa da ergativis), oRond tendencia miuTiTebs

71

ergativis gabatonebaze, mag.:

CubRCubRCubRCubR-onononon ekaTe itubaqsa, exne iSex “colscolscolscols (erg.) rac esmis,

eubneba qmars”...

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, udiuri ergativi instrumentalisis

funqciiT aris aRWurvili, mag.:

zu xaCzude eˤ†an xexexexe-nnnn-enenenen “me mognaTleT Tqven wyliTwyliTwyliTwyliT (erg.)”

(mrk. 1, 4)...

naTesaobiTi brunvisnaTesaobiTi brunvisnaTesaobiTi brunvisnaTesaobiTi brunvis formantebia -iiii, -inininin, -nnnn-inininin, -unununun, -nnnn-unununun, -aaaa[ÁÁÁÁ], -

nnnn-aaaa[ÁÁÁÁ], -eeee[ÁÁÁÁ], -nnnn-eeee[ÁÁÁÁ], -oooo[ÁÁÁÁ], -nnnn-uuuu[ÁÁÁÁ]: “qona”-“yolis” zmnasTan gadmoscems

realur subieqts, mag.:

zinovzinovzinovzinov-inininin butaÁ sa Rar ya sa xin„r “zinobiszinobiszinobiszinobis (naT.) hyavda erTi

vaJi da erTi qaliSvili”...�

naTesaobiTi brunva gamoxatavs kuTvnileba-gansazRvras, anu

aRWurvilia posesiuri funqciiT, mag.:

Sono baÁneci g‘nçhqçr adamaradamaradamaradamar-iiii toRol “da Sevida codvili

kaciskaciskaciskacis saxlSi” (lk. 19, 7);

zorruyunbesaÁ Sotxo juRabux ggggèèèèllllèèèèTTTT-aaaa baxtin “ZaliT

iTxovdnen misgan pasuxs bevrisbevrisbevrisbevris gamo” (lk. 11, 53)...

micemiTi brunvismicemiTi brunvismicemiTi brunvismicemiTi brunvis formantebia -aaaa[xxxx], -eeee[xxxx], -uuuu[xxxx], -oooo[xxxx], -iiii[xxxx], -nnnn-aaaa[xxxx],

-nnnn-eeee[xxxx], -nnnn-uuuu[xxxx]: micemiTi brunvis forma, micemiT-subieqtian zmnebTan

(verba sentiendi) SeiZleba subieqti gadmogvces, Tumca, arsaniSnavia,

rom amJamad es iSviaTi movlenaa, mag.:

me adamaradamaradamaradamar-aaaa butuysa Cubux “am adamiansadamiansadamiansadamians uyvars coli”...

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, micemiTi brunvis formiT,

nominativTan paralelurad, pirdapiri obieqti gadmoicema yvela

dro-kilos formasTan, mag.:

zu Tassa †urufsan beRbeRbeRbeRˤ-nnnn-uxuxuxux ya xaSxaSxaSxaS-nnnn-uxuxuxux “me mivdivar

saZebnelad mzisamzisamzisamzisa da mTvarisamTvarisamTvarisamTvarisa”...

aseve, micemiTi brunviT iribi obieqti aRiniSneba, mag.:

CobanRon arzyunbesa te CobanCobanCobanCoban-aaaa “mwyesebi saCivars miarTmeven am

mwemssmwemssmwemssmwemss”...

micemiTi xSirad gamoyenebulia garemoebis (lokativis)

72

funqciiT Tandebulis daurTvelad, mag.:

beRˤsane, fasWaRun qqqq…………aaaa laSkone-bu “xedavs, mefis saxlSisaxlSisaxlSisaxlSi (mic.)

qorwilia

Tandebuliani (meoreuli) brunvebiTandebuliani (meoreuli) brunvebiTandebuliani (meoreuli) brunvebiTandebuliani (meoreuli) brunvebi

ablativi ablativi ablativi ablativi (daSorebiTidaSorebiTidaSorebiTidaSorebiTi). es brunva micemiTze dayrdnobiT

iwarmoeba da misi formantebia ----axaxaxax----oooo//-oxoxoxox----oooo (zogjer fonetikuri

cvlilebebiT; pirveli komponenti (-axaxaxax//-oxoxoxox) icvleba micemiTi

brunvis mixedviT). ablativs qarTuli -gangangangan Tandebulis msgavsi

funqcia aqvs, mag.:

Te un Wapnebu metux abatuRabatuRabatuRabatuR-oxoxoxox-oooo vaˤ hayullutuRhayullutuRhayullutuRhayullutuR-oxoxoxox-oooo “rom

Sen damale es brZenTaganbrZenTaganbrZenTaganbrZenTagan da gonierTagangonierTagangonierTagangonierTagan” (lk. 6, 45)...

udiurSi ablativi SedarebiT xarisxsac gamoxatavs, mag.:

me xod te xodxodxodxod-axaxaxax-oooo qalane “es xe im xezexezexezexeze (abl.; zedmiw. xisganxisganxisganxisgan)

didia”...

komitativikomitativikomitativikomitativi (TanaobiTiTanaobiTiTanaobiTiTanaobiTi). ZiriTadi formantebia -axaxaxax-alalalal[anananan]//-oxoxoxox-

olololol[anananan] (pirveli komponenti -axaxaxax//-oxoxoxox icvleba micemiTi brunvis

mixedviT, anu komitativi micemiTis formas eyrdnoba). udiuri

komitativi udris qarTul -TanTanTanTan Tandebuls iseT frazebSi,

rogoricaa: “xesTan dgas”... an kacTan erTad midis” da a.S., anu

komitativi gamoxatavs sagnis myofobas pirTan an saganTan da sagnis

moZraobas sxva pirTan an saganTan erTad, mag.:

Tanesa iC nananananananana-xxxx-olololol “d‘r‘sluRon” fesan “midis Tavis

dedasTandedasTandedasTandedasTan “mSvidobiT” saTqmelad” (rust.)...

adesiviadesiviadesiviadesivi (TanamyofobiTiTanamyofobiTiTanamyofobiTiTanamyofobiTi). formantebia -aaaa----ssss-tatatata//-oooo----ssss----tatatata (zogjer

fonetikuri cvlilebebiT). adesivi micemiTze dayrdnobiT iwarmoeba,

Tumca -ssss- elementis warmoSoba naTeli araa. evg. jeiraniSvilis

varaudiT: *xxxx (dativis formanti) > ssss. ver gaviziarebT aRniSnul

mosazrebas: savaraudod, -ssss- elementi uSualod Tandebuls unda

mivakuTvnoT (-stastastasta), anda SesaZlebelia es elementi kavkasiis

albanur enaSi micemiTi brunvis damowmebul formantTa erT-erTi

seriisagan momdinareobdes. adesivi gamoxatavs moZraobas

73

obieqtisaken, garkveuli punqtis maxloblad miRwevas, agreTve

myofobas obieqtTan da gadmogvcems qarTuli -TanTanTanTan Tandebulis

Sinaars imis msgavsad, rogoricaa frazebSi “xesTan mivida”, “xesTan

dgas” da a.S., mag.:

eTçr camne fexambarRfexambarRfexambarRfexambarR-osososos-tatatata “rogorc weria mociqulebTanmociqulebTanmociqulebTanmociqulebTan”

(mrk. 1, 2)...

alativialativialativialativi (mimarTulebiTimimarTulebiTimimarTulebiTimimarTulebiTi). formantebia -aaaa-WWWW//-oooo-WWWW (pirveli

komponenti -aaaa//-oooo icvleba micemiTi brunvis mixedviT, anu alativi

micemiTze dayrdnobiT iwarmoeba). gamoiyeneba qarTuli -kenkenkenken da -mdemdemdemde

Tandebulebis funqciiT, mag.:

vaˤ Taneci SçhçrRon vaˤ çÁzurRon, zombesin vaˤ Áay akestesin

erusalimerusalimerusalimerusalim-aaaa-WWWW “da wavida qalaqebiTa da soflebiT, swavlebiTa da

gzis CvenebiT ierusalimisakenierusalimisakenierusalimisakenierusalimisaken [ierusalimamdeierusalimamdeierusalimamdeierusalimamde]” (lk. 13, 22)...

superasivisuperasivisuperasivisuperasivi (termintativitermintativitermintativitermintativi; zedaobiTizedaobiTizedaobiTizedaobiTi). formantebia -aaaa-llll//-oooo-llll

(pirveli komponenti -aaaa//-oooo icvleba micemiTi brunvis mixedviT, anu

superasivi dativis formas eyrdnoba). es brunva gadmogvcems

qarTuli -zzzzeeee Tandebulis Sinaarss, mag.:

laCayta vi turturturtur-eeee-llll “Caicvi Sen fexzefexzefexzefexze!”...

benefaqtivibenefaqtivibenefaqtivibenefaqtivi (kauzativikauzativikauzativikauzativi1; gankuTvnebiTigankuTvnebiTigankuTvnebiTigankuTvnebiTi). formantebia -enenenen-kkkk[enaenaenaena]//-

onononon-kkkk[enaenaenaena] (zogjer fonetikuri cvlilebebiT). varTaSnulSi es

brunva, rogorc Cans, ergativ-instrumentalisis formas eyrdnoba,

xolo nijis dialeqtis formis -aÁnaaÁnaaÁnaaÁnaqqqq//-oÁnaoÁnaoÁnaoÁnaqqqq sarydeni brunva

naTeli araa. samecniero literaturaSi gamoiTqva mosazreba, rom

nijur kiloSi benefaqtivis forma micemiTze dayrdnobiT iwarmoeba

(vl. fanCviZe; evg. jeiraniSvili), Tumca eWvi gvepareba aRniSnuli

mosazrebis marTebulobaSi. gamoiyeneba qarTuli -TvisTvisTvisTvis Tandebulis

funqciiT, mag.:

†ulan Wçlçgi un gçrçg uSuSuSuS-enenenen-kkkk TaRan “ama da am tyeSi Sen unda

SeSisaTvisSeSisaTvisSeSisaTvisSeSisaTvis waxvide”...

1 am brunvis aRsaniSnavad es termini gamoyenebuli aqvs a. Sifners, a. dirs da

evg. jeiraniSvils.

74

brunvis niSnebi mxoloobiTSibrunvis niSnebi mxoloobiTSibrunvis niSnebi mxoloobiTSibrunvis niSnebi mxoloobiTSi

brunvebibrunvebibrunvebibrunvebi varTaSnulivarTaSnulivarTaSnulivarTaSnuli nijurinijurinijurinijuri Zi

riT

adi

ZiriT

adi

ZiriT

adi

ZiriT

adi

1 saxelobiTi ø (aramarkirebulia) ø (aramarkirebulia)

2 ergativi -en, -in, -on igive da -ˆn

3 naTesaobiTi -i, -in, -n-in, -un, -n-un, -a[Á],

-n-a[Á], -e[Á], -n-e[Á], -o[Á],

-n-u[Á]

igive da -ˆn, -n-ˆn

4 micemiTi -a[x], -e[x], -u[x], -o[x], -i[x],

-n-a[x], -n-e[x], -n-u[x]

igive, im gansxvavebiT,

rom -[x] elementi

TiTqmis ar ixmareba

Tan

deb

ul

iani

Tan

deb

ul

iani

Tan

deb

ul

iani

Tan

deb

ul

iani

5 ablativi -ax-o -ax-un

6 komitativi -ax-ol[an] -ax-un[an]

7 adesivi -a-sta -a-sTa

8 alativi -a-W -a-C

9 superisivi -a-l igive

10 benefaqtivi -en-k[ena] -aÁnaq, -eÁnaq

brunvis niSnebi mravlobiTSibrunvis niSnebi mravlobiTSibrunvis niSnebi mravlobiTSibrunvis niSnebi mravlobiTSi

brunvebibrunvebibrunvebibrunvebi varTaSnulivarTaSnulivarTaSnulivarTaSnuli nijurinijurinijurinijuri

ZiriT

adi

ZiriT

adi

ZiriT

adi

ZiriT

adi

1 saxelobiTi -ux, -ur, -ur-ux, -m-ux,

-ur-m-ux, -or

-ux//-xo, -ur, -ur-ux//

-ur-xo, -m-ux, -ur-m-ux

2 ergativi -R//-oR, -m-uR, -ur-m-uR

-ur-uR//-ur-R, + brunvis

-on

-R//-x, -ox, -ur-ux//-ur-x,

-m-ux, -ur-m-ux + brunvis

-on

3 naTesaobiTi igive, rac ergativSi +

-o[Á]

igive, rac ergativSi +

-o[Á]

4 micemiTi igive + -o[x] igive + -o[x]

Tan

deb

ul

iani

Tan

deb

ul

iani

Tan

deb

ul

iani

Tan

deb

ul

iani

5 ablativi igive + -ox-o igive + -ax-un

6 komitativi igive + -ox-ol[an] igive + -ax-un[an]

7 adesivi igive + -o-sta igive + -os-Ta

8 alativi igive + -o-W igive + -o-C

9 superisivi igive + -o-l igive + -o-l

10 benefaqtivi igive + -on-k[ena] igive + -oÁnaq

75

arsebiT saxelTa brunebis paradigmebi:arsebiT saxelTa brunebis paradigmebi:arsebiT saxelTa brunebis paradigmebi:arsebiT saxelTa brunebis paradigmebi:

(varTaSnuli dialeqtisa)

erTmarcvlian xmovanfuZian saxelTa brunebaerTmarcvlian xmovanfuZian saxelTa brunebaerTmarcvlian xmovanfuZian saxelTa brunebaerTmarcvlian xmovanfuZian saxelTa bruneba

mx.

sax. Co//Cˤo “saxe”, “zedapiri”,

“mxare”

erg. Co-en

naT. Co-e[Á]

mic. Co-e[x]

abl. Co-ex-o

komit. Co-ex-ol[an]

ades. Co-e-sta

alat. Co-e-W

super. Co-e-l

benefaqt. Co-en-k[ena]

mr.

sax. Co-r-xox

erg. Co-r-xon

naT. Co-r-xo[Á]

mic. Co-r-xo[x]

abl. Co-r-x-ox-o

komit. Co-r-x-ox-ol[an]

ades. Co-r-x-o-sta

alat. Co-r-x-o-W

super. Co-r-x-o-l

benefaqt. Co-r-x-on-k[ena]

egreve ibrunvis: xaxaxaxa “matyli”, WaWaWaWa “matylis sabeli”, xoxoxoxo

“TrTvili”, mumumumu “qeri”, CuCuCuCu “palo”, “soli”, ††††uuuu “amonasunTqvi”,

“amonaberi”, kakakakaˤ “Wirxli”, mamamamaˤ “tvini”, xxxxˤoooo “curi”... saxeli oooo “balaxi”,

romelic am principiT ibrunvis orgvarad awarmoebs micemiT

brunvas _ oooo-e[x]//oooo-a[x]. Sesabamisad, Tandebulian brunvebSi

(benefaqtivis garda) or-ori varianti gvaqvs: oooo-ex-o//oooo-ax-o (abl.), oooo-

es-ta//oooo-as-ta (ades.), oooo-e-W//oooo-a-W (alat.), oooo-e-l//oooo-a-l (super.).

Tavisebureburebas iCens am saxelis komitativis forma sadac gvaqvs

o-exexexex-ol[an]//o-ixixixix-ol[an].

76

mx.

sax. xˤa “ZaRli”

erg. xˤe-Án

naT. xˤe-Á

mic. xˤa

abl. xˤa-x-o

komit. xˤa-x-ol[an]

ades. xˤa-x-o-sta

alat. xˤa-W

super. xˤa-l

benefaqt. xˤa-Án-k[ena]

mr.

sax. xˤa-r-x-ox

erg. xˤa-r-x-on

naT. xˤa-r-x-o[Á]

mic. xˤa-r-x-o[x]

abl. xˤa-r-x-ox-o

komit. xˤa-r-x-ox-ol[an]

ades. xˤa-r-x-ox-o-sta

alat. xˤa-r-x-o-W

super. xˤa-r-x-o-l

benefaqt. xˤa-r-x-on-k[ena]

mx.

sax. ga “adgili”

erg. ga-n-en//ga-l-en

naT. ga-n-e[Á]//ga-l-a[Á]

mic. ga-n-u[x]//ga-l-a[x]

abl. ga-n-ux-o//ga-l-ax-o

komit. ga-n-ux-ol[an]//ga-l-ax-

ol[an]

ades. ga-n-u-sta//ga-l-a-sta

alat. ga-n-u-W//ga-l-a-W

super. ga-n-u-l//ga-l-a-l

benefaqt. ga-n-en-k[ena]//ga-l-en-

k[ena]

mr.

sax. ga-m-x-ox//ga-r-x-ox

erg. ga-m-x-on//ga-r-x-on

naT. ga-m-x-o[Á]/ga-r-x-o[Á]

mic. ga-m-x-o[x]//ga-r-x-o[x]

abl. ga-m-x-ox-o//ga-r-x-ox-o

komit. ga-m-x-ox-ol[an]//ga-r-x-ox-

ol[an]

ades. ga-m-x-ox-o-sta//ga-r-x-ox-o-

sta

alat. ga-m-x-o-W//ga-r-x-o-W

super. ga-m-x-o-l//ga-r-x-o-l

benefaqt. ga-m-x-on-k[ena]//ga-r-x-on-

k[ena]

77

mx.

sax. me “dana”

erg. me-n-en

naT. me-n-e[Á]

mic. me-n-a[x]//me-n-e[x]

abl. me-n-ax-o

komit. me-n-ax-ol[an]

ades. me-n-a-sta

alat. me-n-a-W

super. me-n-a-l

benefaqt. me-n-en-k[ena]

mr.

sax. me-r-x-ox

erg. me-r-x-on

naT. me-r-x-o[Á]

mic. me-r-x-o[x]

abl. me-r-x-ox-o

komit. me-r-x-ox-ol[an]

ades. me-r-x-o-sta

alat. me-r-x-o-W

super. me-r-x-o-l

benefaqt. me-r-xo-en-k[ena]

aseve ibrunvis: JJJJˤeeee “qva”, tetetete “wili”, xexexexe “wyali”... am tips miekuTvneba

sityva pipipipi “sisxli”, oRond, im gansxvavebiT, rom micemiTsa da

ablativSi es sityva paralelur formebs awarmoebs: pi-n-aaaa[xxxx]//pi-n-eeee[xxxx]

(mic.); pi-n-axaxaxax-oooo//pi-n-eeeexxxx-oooo (abl.).

mx.

sax. wi “saxeli”

erg. wi-Á-en

naT. wi-Á-e[Á]

mic. wi-Á-e[x]//wi-a[x]

abl. wi-Á-ex-o//wi-ax-o

komit. wi-Á-ex-ol[an]//wi-ax-ol[an]

ades. wi-Á-e-sta//wi-a-sta

alat. wi-Á-e-W//wi-a-W

super. wi-Á-e-l//wi-a-l

benefaqt. wi-Á-en-k[ena]//wi-en-k[ena]

mr.

sax. wi-r-x-ox//wi-m-x-ox

erg. wi-r-x-on//wi-m-x-on

naT. wi-r-x-o[Á]

mic. wi-r-x-o[x]

abl. wi-r-x-ox-o//wi-m-x-ox-o

komit. wi-r-x-ox-ol[an]

ades. wi-r-x-o-sta

alat. wi-r-x-o-W

super. wi-r-x-o-l

benefaqt. wi-r-xo-en-k[ena]

aseve ibrunvis: mimimimi “sicive”, yyyyˤiiii “SiSi”...

78

mx.

sax. Ri “dRe”

erg. Re-n-en

naT. Re-n-e[Á]

mic. Re-n-a[x]

abl. Re-n-ax-o

komit. Re-n-ax-ol[an]

ades. Re-n-a-sta

alat. Re-n-a-W

super. Re-n-a-l

benefaqt. Re-n-en-k[ena]

mr.

sax. Ri-m-x-ox//Ri-r-x-ox

erg. Ri-m-x-ox//Ri-r-x-ox

naT. Ri-m-x-o[Á]

mic. Ri-m-x-o[x]

abl. Ri-m-x-ox-o

komit. Ri-m-x-ox-ol[an]

ades. Ri-m-x-o-sta

alat. Ri-m-x-o-W

super. Ri-m-x-o-l

benefaqt. Ri-m-x-on-k[ena]

erTmarcvlian erTmarcvlian erTmarcvlian erTmarcvlian TanTanTanTanxmovanfuZian saxelTa brunebaxmovanfuZian saxelTa brunebaxmovanfuZian saxelTa brunebaxmovanfuZian saxelTa bruneba

mx.

sax. mex “namgali”

erg. mex-en

naT. mex-n-a[Á]

mic. mex-n-u[x]

abl. mex-n-ux-o

komit. mex-n-ux-ol[an]

ades. mex-n-us-ta

alat. mex-n-u-W

super. mex-n-u-l

benefaqt. mex-en-k[ena]

mr.

sax. mex-r-ux

erg. mex-r-uR-on

naT. mex-r-uR-o[Á]

mic. mex-r-uR-o[x]

abl. mex-r-uR-ox-o

komit. mex-r-uR-ox-ol[an]

ades. mex-r-uR-os-ta

alat. mex-r-uR-o-W

super. mex-r-uR-o-l

benefaqt. mex-r-uR-on-k[ena]

79

aseve ibrunvis erTmarcvlian TanxmovanfuZian arsebiT saxelTa

umravlesoba.

mx.

sax. tul “yurZeni”

erg. tul-en

naT. tul-l-a[Á]

mic. tul-l-u[x]

abl. tul-l-ux-o

komit. tul-l-ux-ol[an]

ades. tul-l-u-sta

alat. tul-l-u-W

super. tul-l-u-l

benefaqt. tul-en-k[ena]

mr.

sax. tul-r-ux

erg. tul-r-uR-on

naT. tul-r-uR-o[Á]

mic. tul-r-uR-o[x]

abl. tul-r-uR-ox-o

komit. tul-r-uR-ox-ol[an]

ades. tul-r-uR-o-sta

alat. tul-r-uR-o-W

super. tul-r-uR-o-l

benefaqt. tul-r-uR-o-en-k[ena]

aseve ibrunvis: kulkulkulkul “miwa”, gulgulgulgul “saceri”, cilcilcilcil “Tesli”, wilwilwilwil

“nakverCxali”, CilCilCilCil “mZivi”, qolqolqolqol “buCqi”, RRRRˤolololol “gube”, CalCalCalCal “Robe”,

malmalmalmal “saqoneli, qoneba”, SalSalSalSal “Sali”, xelxelxelxel “tvirTi”, “bargi”, JJJJˤolololol

“sacobi” da sxva erTmarcvliani TanxmovanfuZiani llll aso-bgeraze

daboloebuli saxelebi.

mx.

sax. gor “sari”

erg. gor-en

naT. gor-r-a

mic. gor-r-u[x]

abl. gor-r-ux-o

komit. gor-r-ux-ol[an]

ades. gor-r-u-sta

mr.

sax. gor-r-ux

erg. gor-r-uR-on

naT. gor-r-uR-o[Á]

mic. gor-r-uR-o[x]

abl. gor-r-uR-ox-o

komit. gor-r-uR-ox-ol[an]

ades. gor-r-uR-o-sta

80

alat. gor-r-u-W

super. gor-r-u-l

benefaqt. gor-en-k[ena]

alat. gor-r-uR-o-W

super. gor-r-uR-o-l

benefaqt. gor-r-uR-on-k[ena]

aseve ibrunvis sxva erTmarcvlian TanxmovanfuZian rrrr aso-bgeraze

daboloebul saxelTa umetesoba.

mx.

sax. xod “xe”

erg. xod-en

naT. xod-d-a[Á]

mic. xod-d-u[x]//xod-d-a[x]

abl. xod-d-ux-o

komit. xod-d-ux-ol[an]

ades. xod-d-u-sta

alat. xod-d-u-W

super. xod-d-u-l//xod-d-al

benefaqt. xod-en-k[ena]

mr.

sax. xod-r-ux

erg. xod-r-oR-on

naT. xod-r-oR-o[Á]

mic. xod-r-oR-o[x]

abl. xod-r-oR-ox-o

komit. xod-r-oR-ox-ol[an]

ades. xod-r-oR-o-sta

alat. xod-r-oR-o-W

super. xod-r-oR-o-l

benefaqt. xod-r-oR-on-k[ena]

aseve ibrunvis sxva erTmarcvliani TanxmovanfuZiani dddd//tttt aso-

bgerebze daboloebuli saxelebis umetesoba.

mx.

sax. Rar “vaJi”, “biWi”

erg. Rar-en

naT. Rar-i

mic. Rar-a[x]

abl. Rar-ax-o

komit. Rar-ax-ol[an]

ades. Rar-a-sta

alat. Rar-a-W

mr.

sax. Rar-m-ux

erg. Rar-m-oR-on

naT. Rar-m-oR-o[Á]

mic. Rar-m-oR-o[x]

abl. Rar-m-oR-ox-o

komit. Rar-m-oR-ox-ol[an]

ades. Rar-m-oR-o-sta

alat. Rar-m-oR-o-W

81

super. Rar-a-l

benefaqt. Rar-en-k[ena]

super. Rar-m-oR-o-l

benefaqt. Rar-m-oR-on-k[ena]

mravlobiTSi agreTve ixmareba Semdegi formebi: Rar-m-uuuuR-on

(erg.), Rar-m-uuuuR-o[Á] (naT.), Rar-m-uuuuR-o[x] (mic.), Rar-m-uuuuR-ox-o (abl.),

Rar-m-uuuuR-ox-ol[an] (komit.) da a.S.

mx.

sax. çiz “sofeli”

erg. çiz-en

naT. çiz-un

mic. çiz-i[x]

abl. çiz-ix-o

komit. çiz-ix-ol[an]

ades. çiz-i-sta

alat. çiz-i-W

super. çiz-i-l

benefaqt. çiz-en-k[ena]

mr.

sax. çiz-r-ux

erg. çiz-r-uR-on

naT. çiz-r-uR-o[Á]

mic. çiz-r-uR-o[x]

abl. çiz-r-ox-o

komit. çiz-r-oR-ox-ol[an]

ades. çiz-r-oR-o-sta

alat. çiz-r-oR-o-W

super. çiz-r-oR-o-l

benefaqt. çiz-r-oR-on-k[ena]

mx.

sax. koj “saxli”

erg. koj-en

naT. koj-in

mic. kua[x]

abl. kua-x-o

komit. kua-x-ol[an]

ades. kua-sta

alat. kua-W

mr.

sax. koj-r-ux

erg. koj-r-oR-on

naT. koj-r-oR-on

mic. koj-r-oR-o[x]

abl. koj-r-oR-ox-o

komit. koj-r-uR-ox-ol[an]

ades. koj-r-uR-o-sta

82

super. kua-l

benefaqt. koj-en-k[ena]

alat. koj-r-uR-o-W

super. koj-r-uR-o-l

benefaqt. koj-r-uR-o-en-k[ena]

egreve ibrunvis: babakojbabakojbabakojbabakoj “mamis saxli”; burRokojburRokojburRokojburRokoj “gomuri”;

kokowunkojkokowunkojkokowunkojkokowunkoj “saqaTme”...

mx.

sax. koÁ “qvevri”

erg. koÁ-en//koÁ-n-en

naT. koÁ-e[Á]//koÁ-n-a[Á]//koÁ-n-un

mic. koÁ-a[x]//koÁ-ex//koÁ-n-ux

abl. koÁ-ax-o//koÁ-n-ux-o

komit. koÁ-a-x-ol[an]

ades. koÁ-a-sta

alat. koÁ-a-W

super. koÁ-a-l

benefaqt. koÁ-en-k[ena]

mr.

sax. koÁ-m-ux//koÁ-r-ux

erg. koÁ-m-uR-on//koÁ-r-oR-on

naT. koÁ-m-uR-o[Á]

mic. koÁ-m-uR-o[x]

abl. koÁ-m-uR-ox-o//koÁ-r-oR-ox-o

komit. koÁ-m-uR-ox-ol[an]

ades. koÁ-m-uR-o-sta

alat. koÁ-m-uR-o-W

super. koÁ-m-uR-o-l

benefaqt. koÁ-m-uR-on-k[ena]

aseve ibrunvis: qoÁqoÁqoÁqoÁ[nnnn] “saxelo”, boÁboÁboÁboÁ “simaRle” [adamianis]...

mx.

sax. SeÁ “rame”, “nivTi”

erg. SeÁ-en

naT. SeÁ-na

mic. SeÁ-n-ux

abl. SeÁ-n-ux-o

komit. SeÁ-n-iex-ol[an]

ades. SeÁ-a-sta

alat. SeÁ-n-ux-ol-a-W

mr.

sax. SeÁ-r-ux

erg. SeÁ-r-uR-on

naT. SeÁ-r-uR-o

mic. SeÁ-r-uR-ox

abl. SeÁ-r-uR-ox-o

komit. SeÁ-r-uR-ox-ol[an]

ades. SeÁ-r-uR-o-sta

alat. SeÁ-r-uR-o-W

83

super. SeÁ-n-u-l

benefaqt. SeÁ-en-en-k[ena]

super. SeÁ-r-uR-o-l

benefaqt. SeÁ-r-uR-on-k[ena]

egreve ibrunvis: baÁbaÁbaÁbaÁ “bali”, SSSSççççÁÁÁÁ “Sauri”...

mx.

sax. ful “Tvali”

erg. f-in

naT. f-in

mic. f-e[x]

abl. f-ex-o

komit. f-ex-ol[an]

ades. f-e-sta

alat. f-e-W

super. f-e-l

benefaqt. f-en-k[ena]

mr.

sax. ful-m-ux

erg. ful-m-uR-on

naT. ful-m-uR-o[Á]

mic. ful-m-uR-o[x]

abl. ful-m-uR-ox-o

komit. ful-m-uR-ox-ol[an]

ades. ful-m-uR-o-sta

alat. ful-m-uR-o-W

super. ful-m-uR-o-l

benefaqt. ful-m-uR-on-k[ena]

aseve ibrunvis: bulbulbulbul “Tavi” da qulqulqulqul “xeli”.

mx.

sax. Tur “perangi”

erg. Tur-en//Tur-in

naT. Tur-e[Á]//Tur-in

mic. Tur-a[x]//Tur-e[x]//Tur-r-ux

abl. Tur-ax-o//Tur-ex-o

komit. Tur-ex-ol[an]

ades. Tur-e-sta

mr.

sax. Tur-m-ux

erg. Tur-m-uR-on

naT. Tur-m-uR-o[Á]

mic. Tur-m-uR-o[x]

abl. Tur-m-uR-ox-o

komit. Tur-m-uR-ox-ol[an]

ades. Tur-m-uR-o-sta

84

alat. Tur-e-W

super. Tur-e-l

benefaqt. Tur-en-k[ena]

mx.

sax. Cur “furi”, “Zroxa”

erg. Cur-en

naT. Cur-e[Á]//Cur-a[Á]

mic. Cur-a[x]//Cur-e[x]//Cur-r-u[x]

abl. Cur-ax-o//Cur-ex-o//Cur-r-ux-o

komit. Cur-ax-ol[an]//Cur-ex-l[an]

//Cur-r-ux-ol[an]

ades. Cur-a-sta//Cur-e-sta//Cur-r-u-

sta

alat. Cur-a-W//Cur-e-W//Cur-r-u-W

super. Cur-a-l//Cur-e-l//Cur-r-u-l

benefaqt. Cur-en-k[ena]

alat. Tur-m-uR-o-W

super. Tur-m-uR-o-l

benefaqt. Tur-m-eR-on-k[ena]

mr.

sax. Cur-ux//Cur-x-ox

erg. Cur-R-on

naT. Cur-R-o[Á]

mic. Cur-R-o[x]

abl. Cur-R-ox-o

komit. Cur-R-ox-ol[an]

ades. Cur-R-o-sta

alat. Cur-R-o-W

super. Cur-R-o-l

benefaqt. Cur-R-on-k[ena]

mx.

sax. aS “saqme”

erg. aS-en//aS-l-en

naT. aS-n-a[Á]

mic. aS-l-a[x]//aS-n-u[x]

abl. aS-l-ax-o//aS-n-ux-o

komit. aS-l-ax-ol[an]//aS-n-ux-

ol[an]

ades. aS-l-a-sta//aS-n-u-sta

mr.

sax. aS-r-ux//aS-m-ux

erg. aS-r-uR-on

naT. aS-r-uR-o[Á]

mic. aS-r-uR-o[x]

abl. aS-r-uR-ox-o

komit. aS-r-uR-ox-ol[an]

ades. aS-r-uR-o-sta

85

alat. aS-l-a-W//aS-n-u-W

super. aS-l-a-l//aS-n-u-l

benefaqt. aS-l-en-k[ena]//aS-en-k[ena]

alat. aS-r-uR-o-W

super. aS-r-uR-o-l

benefaqt. aS-r-uR-on-k[ena]

or an metmarcvlian xmovanfuZian saxelTa brunebaor an metmarcvlian xmovanfuZian saxelTa brunebaor an metmarcvlian xmovanfuZian saxelTa brunebaor an metmarcvlian xmovanfuZian saxelTa bruneba

mx.

sax. faSna “gogra”

erg. faSn-in-en

naT. faSn-in

mic. faSn-in-a[x]

abl. faSn-in-ax-o

komit. faSn-in-ax-ol[an]

ades. faSn-in-a-sta

alat. faSn-in-a-W

super. faSn-in-a-l

benefaqt. faSn-in-en-k[ena]

mr.

sax. faSn-i-[Á]-ux

erg. faSn-i-[Á]-uR-on

naT. faSn-i-[Á]-uR-o[Á]

mic. faSn-i-[Á]-uR-o[x]

abl. faSn-i-[Á]-uR-ox-o

komit. faSn-i-[Á]-uR-ox-ol[an]

ades. faSn-i-[Á]-uR-o-sta

alat. faSn-i-[Á]-uR-o-W

super. faSn-i-[Á]-uR-o-l

benefaqt. faSn-i-[Á]-uR-on-k[ena]

aseve ibrunvis sxva or da metmarcvlian xmovanfuZian aaaa//çççç da iiii

aso-bgerebze daboloebul saxelTa umetesoba, romelic

istoriulad nivTis klasis kuTvnileba unda yofiliyo.

mx.

sax. nana “deda”

erg. nana-n

naT. nana-[Á]

mic. nana-[x]

abl. nana-x-o

mr.

sax. nana-ux

erg. nana-R-on

naT. nana-R-o[Á]

mic. nana-R-o[x]

abl. nana-R-ox-o

86

komit. nana-x-ol[an]

ades. nana-sta

alat. nana-W

super. nana-l

benefaqt. nane-n-k[ena]

komit. nana-R-ox-ol[an]

ades. nana-R-o-sta

alat. nana-R-o-W

super. nana-R-o-l

benefaqt. nana-R-on-k[ena]

aseve ibrunvis: babababababababa “mama”, xalaxalaxalaxala “deida”, ddddççççddddçççç “mamida”, kadakadakadakada

“ufrosi Zma”, ÁeznaÁeznaÁeznaÁezna “siZe”, ustaustaustausta “ostati”, “xelosani”... sevCesevCesevCesevCe

“mazli”, seÁneseÁneseÁneseÁne “dedamTili”, seÁdeseÁdeseÁdeseÁde “mamamTili”... da sxva or da

metmarcvliani xmovanfuZiani aaaa//çççç da eeee aso-bgerebze daboloebuli

saxelebis umetesoba, romelic istoriulad mamakacisa da qalis (an

adamianis) klasebis kuTvnileba unda yofiliyo.

mx.

sax. vçdç “dro”

erg. vçdç-in-en

naT. vçdç-in

mic. vçdç-in-a[x]

abl. vçdç-in-ax-o

komit. vçdç-in-ax-ol[an]

ades. vçdç-in-a-sta

alat. vçdç-in-a-W

super. vçdç-in-a-l

benefaqt. vçdç-in-en-k[ena]

mr.

sax. vçd-i-ux//vçd-i-m-ux

erg. vçd-i-R-on//vçd-i-m-R-on

naT. vçd-i-R-o[Á]//vçd-i-m-R-o[Á]

mic. vçd-i-R-o[x]//vçd-i-m-R-o[x]

abl. vçd-i-R-ox-o//vçd-i-m-R-ox-o

komit. vçd-i-R-ox-al[an]//vçd-i-m-R-

ox-ol[an]

ades. vçd-i-R-o-sta//vçd-i-m-R-o-sta

alat. vçd-i-R-o-W//vçd-i-m-R-o-W

super. vçd-i-R-o-l//vçd-i-m-R-o-l

benefaqt. vçd-i-R-on-k[ena]//vçd-i-m-

R-on-k[ena]

aseve ibrunvis: kaSakaSakaSakaSa “TiTi”, TTTTççççqqqqçççç “jixvi”...

87

mx.

sax. bele “pirutyvi”, “saqoneli”

erg. bele-n-en

naT. bele-n-un

mic. bele-n-a[x]

abl. bele-n-ax-o

komit. bele-n-ax-ol[an]

ades. bele-n-a-sta

alat. bele-n-a-W

super. bele-n-a-l

benefaqt. bele-n-en-k[ena]

mr.

sax. bele-ux

erg. bele-R-on//ber-r-on

naT. bele-R-o[Á]//ber-R-o[Á]

mic. bele-R-o[x]//ber-R-o[x]

abl. bele-R-ox-o//ber-R-ox-o

komit. bele-R-ox-ol[an]//ber-R-ox-

ol[an]

ades. bele-R-o-sta//ber-R-o-sta

alat. bele-R-o-W//ber-R-o-W

super. bele-R-o-l//ber-R-o-l

benefaqt. bele-R-on-k[ena]//ber-R-

on-k[ena]

mx.

sax. viCi “Zma”

erg. viC-en

naT. viC-e[Á]

mic. viC-e[x]

abl. viC-ex-o

komit. viC-ex-ol[an]

ades. viC-e-sta

alat. viC-e-W

super. viC-e-l

benefaqt. viC-en-k[ena]

mr.

sax. viCi-m-ux

erg. viCi-m-R-on

naT. viCi-m-R-o[Á]

mic. viCi-m-R-o[x]

abl. viCi-m-R-ox-o

komit. viCi-m-R-ox-ol[an]

ades. viCi-m-R-o-sta

alat. viCi-m-R-o-W

super. viCi-m-R-o-l

benefaqt. viCi-m-R-on-k[ena]

aseve ibrunvis: hunCihunCihunCihunCi “da”

88

mx.

sax. haso “Rrubeli”

erg. haso-n-en

naT. haso-n-un

mic. haso-n-a[x]

abl. haso-n-ax-o

komit. haso-n-ax-ol[an]

ades. haso-n-a-sta

alat. haso-n-a-W

super. haso-n-a-l

benefaqt. haso-n-en-k[ena]

mr.

sax. haso-ux

erg. haso-R-on

naT. haso-R-o[Á]

mic. haso-R-o[x]

abl. haso-R-ox-o

komit. haso-R-ox-ol[an]

ades. haso-R-o-sta

alat. haso-R-o-W

super. haso-R-o-l

benefaqt. haso-Ro-en-k[ena]

egreve ibrunvis: boyoboyoboyoboyo “comi”, oyooyooyooyo “Zmari”, kirokirokirokiro “waldi”, nikonikonikoniko

“burTi”, paltopaltopaltopalto “palto”, hinohinohinohino “ina”... borzuborzuborzuborzu “mosavali”, barubarubarubaru

“kedeli”, SeuSeuSeuSeu “daTvi”...

or an metmarcvlian TanxmovanfuZian saxelTa brunebaor an metmarcvlian TanxmovanfuZian saxelTa brunebaor an metmarcvlian TanxmovanfuZian saxelTa brunebaor an metmarcvlian TanxmovanfuZian saxelTa bruneba

mx.

sax. gurat “perangi”

erg. gurat-en

naT. gurat-un

mic. gurat-a[x]

abl. gurat-ax-o

komit. gurat-ax-ol[an]

ades. gurat-a-sta

alat. gurat-a-W

super. gurat-a-l

benefaqt. gurat-en-k[ena]

mr.

sax. gurat-ux

erg. gurat-R-on

naT. gurat-R-o[Á]

mic. gurat-R-o[x]

abl. gurat-R-ox-o

komit. gurat-R-ox-ol[an]

ades. gurat-R-o-sta

alat. gurat-R-o-W

super. gurat-R-o-l

benefaqt. gurat-R-on-k[ena]

egreve ibrunvis or an metmarcvlian TanxmovanfuZian arsebiT

saxelTa umetesoba.

mx.

sax. adamar “adamiani”

erg. adamar-en

naT. adamar-i

mic. adamar-a[x]

abl. adamar-ax-o

komit. adamar-ax-ol[an]

ades. adamar-a-sta

alat. adamar-a-W

super. adamar-a-l

benefaqt. adamar-en-k[ena]

mr.

sax. adamar-ux

erg. adamar-R-on

naT. adamar-R-o[Á]

mic. adamar-R-o[x]

abl. adamar-R-ox-o

komit. adamar-R-ox-ol[an]

ades. adamar-R-o-sta

alat. adamar-R-o-W

super. adamar-R-o-l

benefaqt. adamar-R-on-k[ena]

egreve ibrunvis: xinçr “gogo”, “qaliSvili” da qarTuli enidan

an qarTulis SuamavlobiT nasesxebi ormarcvliani TanxmovanfuZiani

sakuTari saxelebi _ Tamar, omar, Tamaz, nodar...

mx.

sax. yˤavan “mindori”

erg. yˤavan-en

naT. yˤavan-un

mic. yˤavan-e[x]

abl. yˤavan-ex-o

komit. yˤavan-ex-ol[an]

ades. yˤavan-e-sta

alat. yˤavan-e-W

super. yˤavan-e-l

benefaqt. yˤavan-en-k[ena]

mr.

sax. yˤavan-ux

erg. yˤavan-R-on

naT. yˤavan-R-o[Á]

mic. yˤavan-R-o[x]

abl. yˤavan-R-ox-o

komit. yˤavan-R-ox-ol[an]

ades. yˤavan-R-o-sta

alat. yˤavan-R-o-W

super. yˤavan-R-o-l

benefaqt. yˤavan-R-on-k[ena]

“pluralia tantum” saxelTa brunebasaxelTa brunebasaxelTa brunebasaxelTa bruneba

mx.

sax. ulux “kbili”

erg. ul-R-on

naT. ul-R-o[Á]

mic. ul-R-o[x]

abl. ul-R-ox-o

komit. ul-R-ox-ol[an]

ades. ul-R-o-sta

alat. ul-R-o-W

super. ul-R-o-l

benefaqt. ul-R-on-k[ena]

mr.

sax. ul-xo

erg. ul-x-on//ul-x-oR-on

naT. ul-x-o[Á]

mic. ul-x-o[x]

abl. ul-x-ox-o

komit. ul-x-ox-ol[an]

ades. ul-x-o-sta//ul-x-oR-o-sta

alat. ul-x-o-W

super. ul-x-o-l

benefaqt. ul-x-on-k[ena]//ul-x-oR-

on-k[ena]

SeniSvna: SeniSvna: SeniSvna: SeniSvna: sityvebi bixajuRbixajuRbixajuRbixajuR//bixoRbixoRbixoRbixoR “RmerTi” da elmuxelmuxelmuxelmux “suli”

Cveulebriv mravlobiTSi ar ixmareba. Taviseburad ibrunvis sityva

CubuxCubuxCubuxCubux “coli”, romelsac mravlobiTSi daerTvis -yoxyoxyoxyox//-yoR yoR yoR yoR sufiqsi:

Cub-yoxyoxyoxyox “colebi”, Cub-yoR-on (erg.), Cub-yoRyoRyoRyoR-o[Á] (naT.), Cub-yoRyoRyoRyoR-o[x]

(mic.), Cub-yoRyoRyoRyoR-ox-o (abl.) da a.S.

91

msazRvrelmsazRvrelmsazRvrelmsazRvrel----sazRvrulis brunebasazRvrulis brunebasazRvrulis brunebasazRvrulis bruneba

msazRvrel-sazRvrulis brunebisas _ msazRvreli ucvlelia,

xolo sazRvruli ibrunvis Cveulebriv, mag.:

mx.

sax. Sel adamar “kargi adamiani”

erg. Sel adamar-en

naT. Sel adamar-i

mic. Sel adamar-a[x]

abl. Sel adamar-ax-o

komit. Sel adamar-ax-ol[an]

ades. Sel adamar-a-sta

alat. Sel adamar-a-W

super. Sel adamar-a-l

benefaqt. Sel adamar-en-k[ena]

mr.

sax. Sel adamar-ux

erg. Sel adamar-R-on

naT. Sel adamar-R-o[Á]

mic. Sel adamar-R-o[x]

abl. Sel adamar-R-ox-o

komit. Sel adamar-R-ox-ol[an]

ades. Sel adamar-R-o-sta

alat. Sel adamar-R-o-W

super. Sel adamar-R-o-l

benefaqt. Sel adamar-R-on-k[ena]

92

zedsarTavi saxelizedsarTavi saxelizedsarTavi saxelizedsarTavi saxeli

udiur enaSi zedsarTavi saxelis calke metyvelebis nawilad

gamoyofis safuZveli arc gveqneboda, misTvis damaxasiaTebeli rom

ar yofiliyo Taviseburi, arsebiTi saxelisagan gansxvavebuli

brunebis tipi, romelic, meores mxriv, mas nacvalsaxelsa da

ricxviT saxelTan aaxlovebs.

arsebiT da zedsarTav saxelebs Soris zRvaris dadeba

Zneldeba: zedsarTav saxels ar moepoveba raime mawarmoebeli

afiqsi; arsebiTi da zedsarTavi saxelebis sityvawarmoeba msgavsia _

gamoiyeneba erTi da igive sityvawarmoebiTi afiqsebi (-enenenen, -unununun, -lulululu...);

erTi da igive saxeli zogjer gamoiyeneba atributivis da

substantivis mniSvnelobiT, mag., Sdr.: gogin “mwvane” da gogin

“mwvanili”...

zogierTi zedsarTavi saxelisa da zmnisarTis forma

identuria, mag.: Sel Rar “kargi vaJi” _ Sel besane “kargad

akeTebs”...

msazRvrelad gamoyenebuli zedsarTavi saxeli ar ibrunvis,

xolo substantivad gamoyenebuli, rogorx zemoT aRiniSna, misdevs

nacvalsaxelisaTvis da ricxviTi saxelisaTvis damaxasiaTebel

brunebas.

zedsarTavi saxeli erTnairad aris warmodgenili udiuri enis

orive kiloSi. nijur kiloSi zedsarTavi saxelis gauformebel

fuZes zogjer daerTvis -jajajaja elementi, romelic ricxviT saxelebSi

gvxvdeba. amasTan, nijurSi SeiniSneba zogierTi fonetikuri

xasiaTis Tavisebureba.

zedsarTavi saxeli agebulebis mixedviTzedsarTavi saxeli agebulebis mixedviTzedsarTavi saxeli agebulebis mixedviTzedsarTavi saxeli agebulebis mixedviT

agebulebis mixedviT udiurSi martivi, nawarmoebi da

rTulfuZiani zedsarTavi saxelebi gvxvdeba.

93

martivfuZiani zedsarTavi saxeli. erTmarcvliani: Sel

“kargi”; fis “cudi”; biy “muqi”; ÃaÁ “Ria”, “baci”...

erTze met-marcvliani: g”l” “bevri”; qala “didi”; muWˤa

“tkbili”; mawi “TeTri”; WˤoWa “wiTeli”; neSˤum “yviTeli”; gogin

“mwvane”; maˤÁn “Savi”...

nawarmoeb-fuZiani zedsarTavi saxeli. -enenenen mawarmoebliani

(warmoSobiT ergativ-instrumentalisis formanti): tam-en “gemrieli”;

Wem-en “WuWyiani”...

-unununun mawarmoebliani (warmoSobiT genitivis niSani): miÁa-un

“aqauri”; tiÁa-un “iqauri”...

-axaxaxax mawarmoebliani (warmoSobiT micemiTis niSani): apin-ax

“ofliani”, “gaoflianebuli”; WÁn-ax “cximiani”, “cximovani”...

-axoaxoaxoaxo mawarmoebliani (warmoSobiT ablativis formanti): el-axo

“mlaSe”...

-lalalala mawarmoebliani: uk-la “guliani; fof-la “Tmiani”; wi-la

“saxelovani”...

-babababa (//-lalalala) mawarmoebliani: ey-ba (//ey-la) “xorciani”; iy-ba (//iy-

la) “nacriani”...

-lulululu mawarmoebliani: ala-lu “maRali”; oya-lu “dabali”; Áz-

lu “sofleli”; Shr-lu “qalaqeli”...

-miSmiSmiSmiS (varT.)//-ÁinSÁinSÁinSÁinS (nij.) mawarmoebliani: azara-miS

“daavadebuli”; yojal-miS “daberebuli”... gansakuTrebiT

gavrcelebulia nijur kiloSi.

-amaamaamaama//-omaomaomaoma mawarmoebliani: umuR-oma (< *umux-ama) “yurisodena”...

-kenakenakenakena mawarmoebliani: puri-kena “mkvdrisebri”; falaz-kena

“Cvarisebri”...

-ggggrrrr mawarmoebliani: kiwi-gr “cotaodeni”...

-jajajaja mawarmoebliani: yˤiba-ja “mSiSara”, “SiSiani”; baÃi-ja

“Txeli”...

94

-nuTnuTnuTnuT mawarmoebliani: xe-nuT “uwylo”; Sun-nuT “upuro”;

konjux-nuT “upatrono”...

-sussussussus//-suzsuzsuzsuz mawarmoebliani: namus-sus “unamuso”, bul-suz//bul-

sus “uTavo”; qul-sus “uxelo”...

qamqamqamqam-//qqqqmmmm- mawarmoebliani: qm-baxT “ubedo”, “ubeduri”... nijurSi

ufro gavrcelebulia qqqqmmmm- forma.

rTulfuZiani zedsarTavi saxeli. reduplikaciiT

miRebuli: xˤa-xˤa “gatexili”; kow-kow “moxrili”; qal-qala (varT.)//qa-

qala (nij.) “did-didi”, “msxvili”...

arsebiTi da zedsarTavi saxelisagan (msazRvreli sityvisagan)

Semdgari kompozitebi: uk-ÃaÁ “gulRia” (uk “guli” + ÃaÁ “Ria”);

bul-kow “Tavmoxrili” (bul “Tavi” + kow “moxrili”); aÃˤ-mawi

“gulTeTra” (aÃˤ “mkerdi” + mawi “TeTri”)...

ori zedsarTavi saxelisagan (msazRvreli sityvisagan)

Sedgenili kompozitebi: qala-ukla “didgula” (qala “didi” + ukla

“guliani”); ÃaÁ-ukla “gulRia”, “gulgaxsnili” (ÃaÁ “Ria” + ukla

“guliani”); paˤ-Colla “orpira” (paˤ “ori” + Colla “piriani”)...

ori arsebiTi saxelisagan Sedgenili kompozitebi: ful-deSik

“gaumaZRari”, “xarbi” (ful “Tvali” + deSik “naxvreti”)...

zedsarTavi saxeli msazRvreladzedsarTavi saxeli msazRvreladzedsarTavi saxeli msazRvreladzedsarTavi saxeli msazRvrelad

zedsarTavi saxeli msazRvrelis funqciiT, rogorc wesi,

sazRvrulis win daismis, Tumca sazRvrulis Semdegac xvdeba.

brunebisas msazRvreli zedsarTavi ar icvleba arc brunvisa da

arc ricxvis mixedviT:

mx.mx.mx.mx. ricxviricxviricxviricxvi

sax. neSˤum gurat

“yviTeli perangi”

erg. neSˤum gurat-en

mr.mr.mr.mr. ricxviricxviricxviricxvi

sax. neSˤum gurat-ux

erg. neSˤum gurat-R-on

95

naT. neSˤum gurat-un

mic. neSˤum gurat-a[x]

abl. neSˤum gurat-ax-o

komit. neSˤum gurat-ax-ol[an]

ades. neSˤum gurat-a-sta

alat. neSˤum gurat-a-W

super. neSˤum gurat-a-l

benefaqt. neSˤum gurat-en-k[ena]

naT. neSˤum gurat-R-o[Á]

mic. neSˤum gurat-R-o[x]

abl. neSˤum gurat-R-ox-o

komit. neSˤum gurat-R-ox-ol[an]

ades. neSˤum gurat-R-o-sta

alat. neSˤum gurat-R-o-W

super. neSˤum gurat-R-o-l

benefaqt. neSˤum gurat-R-on-k[ena]

zedsarTavi saxeli substantivis funqciiTzedsarTavi saxeli substantivis funqciiTzedsarTavi saxeli substantivis funqciiTzedsarTavi saxeli substantivis funqciiT

substantivis funqciiT gamoyenebuli zedsarTavi saxeli

nacvalsaxelebisa da ricxviTi saxelebis msgavsad ibrunvis.

gasubstantivebul zedsarTav saxels -oooo masubstantivebeli elementi

erTvis bolokidurad, xolo irib brunvaTa formebSi, fuZesa da

brunvis niSans Soris Cndeba determinati -tttt, romelic,

SesaZlebelia, warmoSobiT paleoergativis niSani iyos,1 anda tetetete

CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelisagan momdinareobdes.2 masubstantivebeli -oooo

sufiqsi zedsarTav saxelSi fuZes erwymis da gadayveba mas irib

brunvebSi -tttt elementis win, maT Soris mravlobiT ricxvSic.

sax.

mx. ricxvimx. ricxvimx. ricxvimx. ricxvi

Sel-o “kargi”

mr. ricxvimr. ricxvimr. ricxvimr. ricxvi

Sel-o-r

erg. Sel-o-t-in Sel-o-t-R-on

naT. Sel-o-t-a[Á] Sel-o-t-R-o[Á]

mic. Sel-o-t-u[x] Sel-o-t-R-o[x]

abl. Sel-o-t-uxo Sel-o-t-R-oxo

komit. Sel-o-t-uxol[an] Sel-o-t-R-oxol[an]

ades. Sel-o-t-usta Sel-o-t-R-osta

1 fanCviZe vl., uduris gramatikuli analizi, Tbilisi, 1974, gv. 89. 2 jeiraniSvili evg., udiuri ena (gramatika, qrestomaTia, leqsikoni), Tbilisi,

1971, gv. 69-70.

96

alat. Sel-o-t-uW Sel-o-t-R-oW

super. Sel-o-t-ul Sel-o-t-R-ol

ben. Sel-o-t-enk[ena] Sel-o-t-R-onk[ena]

-tttt elementis pozicia varTaSnulSi myaria, xolo nijurSi

arniSnuli elementi zogjer ikargeba.

zedsarTavi saxelis xarisxis warmoebazedsarTavi saxelis xarisxis warmoebazedsarTavi saxelis xarisxis warmoebazedsarTavi saxelis xarisxis warmoeba

zedsarTavi xarisxebis sawarmoeblad udiurSi specialuri

formanti ar dasturdeba. xarisxebis sawarmoeblad gamoyenebuli

ablativis forma: Sesadarebel saxelTagan erTi daismis

saxelobiTSi, meore ablativSi, xolo zedsarTavi ucvlelia, mag.:

me xod te xod-axo qala-ne “es xe im xeze (xisgan) didia”...

aRmatebiTi xarisxis sawarmoeblad gamoyenebulia damxmare

sityva laflaflaflaf “mTlad”, “yveleze”, mag.:

me xod laflaflaflaf alalu xod-de “es xe yvelaze maRali xea”...

SedarebiTi xarisxi zogjer iwarmoeba -gr sufiqsis

meSveobiT, mag.: g”l”-gr “mobevro”; WˤoWa-gr “mowiTalo”...

97

nacvalsaxelinacvalsaxelinacvalsaxelinacvalsaxeli

piris nacvalsaxelpiris nacvalsaxelpiris nacvalsaxelpiris nacvalsaxeliiii

udiurSi dasturdeba I da II piris nacvalsaxelebi: zu “me”; un

(varT.)//hun (nij.) “Sen”; Áan “Cven”; vaˤn “Tqven”.

I piris II piris

mxoloobiTi mravlobiTi mxoloobiTi mravlobiTi

saxelobiTi

ergativi

zu

_

Áan

_

un*//hun** (n.)

_

vaˤn//eˤ†an

vaˤn

naTesaobiTi bezi beSi vi eˤ†i*//e†i**

micemiTi za//zax* Áa//Áax va//vax* vaˤ//vaxˤ

ablativi zaxo*//

zaxun**

Áaxo*//

Áaxun**

vaxo*//

vaxun**

vaxˤo*//

vaxˤun**

komitativi zaxol[an]*//

zaxun**

Áaxol[an]*//

Áaxun**

vaxol[an]*//

vaxun**

vaxˤol[an]*//

vaxˤun**

adesivi zasta*//

zasTa**

Áasta*//

ÁasTa**

vasta*//

vasTa**

vaˤsta*//

vaˤsTa**

alativi zaW*//zaC** ÁaW*//ÁaC** vaW*//vaC** vaWˤ* //vaCˤ**

superasivi zal Áal val vaˤl

benefaqtivi zenk[ena]*//

zaÁnaq**

Áenk[ena]*//

ÁaÁnaq**

venk[ena]*//

vaÁnaq**

veˤnk[ena]*//

vaˤÁnaq**//

eˤ†aÁnaq**

SeniSvna:

* warmodgenili formebi mxolod varTaSnul kiloSi gvxvdeba;

** aRniSnuli formebi mxolod nijur kiloSi gvxvdeba.

98

udiur enas ar moepoveba III piris nacvalsaxelebi: am funqciiT

udiurSi CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi gamoiyeneba.

piris nacvalsaxelTa saxelobiTi da ergatiuli brunva ar

aris diferencirebuli, mag.:

zuzuzuzu isa laÁzuRo “me (NOM) axla aval”;

zuzuzuzu besazu aS “me (ERG) vakeTeb saqmes”...

aRsaniSnavia, rom mravlobiTi ricxvis I piris nacvalsaxeli

ar ganirCeva inkkluziurobisa da eqskluziurobis TvalsazrisiT.

CvenebiTi nacvalsaxeliCvenebiTi nacvalsaxeliCvenebiTi nacvalsaxeliCvenebiTi nacvalsaxeli

udiur enaSi mogvepoveba CvenebiT nacvalsaxelTa sami saxeoba,

romelic imis mixedviT gansxvavdeba, Tu romel pirze migviTiTebs:

pirvel pirTan gvaqvs me; meore pirTan qa; mesame pirTan te. es

CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi ibrunvis sxva atributiul sityvaTa

msgavsad, anu dasaxelebuli nacvalsaxelebi yovelTvis sazRvrulis

win dgas da ar icvleba brunvisa da ricxvis mixedviT, mag.:

saxelobiTi me adamar me adamar me adamar me adamar

“es adamiani”

qa adamarqa adamarqa adamarqa adamar

“eg adamiani”

te adamarte adamarte adamarte adamar

“es adamiani”

ergativi me adamar-en qa adamar-en te adamar-en

naTesaobiTi me adamar-i qa adamar-i te adamar-i

micemiTi me adamar-a[x] qa adamar-a[x] te adamar-a[x]

ablativi me adamar-ax-o qa adamar-ax-o te adamar-ax-o

mr. ricxvi me adamar-ux qa adamar-ux te adamar-ux

rodesac CvenebiTi nacvalsaxeli gamoyenebulia substantivis

funqciiT, maSin saxelobiT brunvaSi mis formas daerTvis ori

elementi: nnnn- determinati1 da -oooo masubstantivebeli sufiqsi. aseT

1 es determinati, safiqrebelia, rom piris nacvalsaxelTa formaSic gvxvdeba:

u-n (< *vu-n) “Sen”, Áa-n “Cven”, vaˤ-n, eˤ†a-n “Tqven”; Sdr.: va[x] “Sens”, vi “Senis”; Áa[x]

“Cvens”; vaˤ[x] “Tqvens”, eˤ†i “Tqvenis”.

99

SemTxvevaSi, CvenebiTi nacvalsaxeli arsebiTi saxelis msgavsad

ibrunvis im gansxvavebiT, rom fuZesa da brunvis niSans Soris,

yvela irib brunvasTan Tavs iCens tttt- elementi (ix. zedsarTavi

saxeli).

mxol. ricxvi mravl. ricxvi

sax. monomonomonomono “es” qanoqanoqanoqano “eg” SonoSonoSonoSono “is” monormonormonormonor qanorqanorqanorqanor SonorSonorSonorSonor

erg. me-t-in qa-t-in Se-t-in me-t-R-on qa-t-R-on Se-t-R-on

naT. me-t-aÁ qa-t-aÁ Se-t-aÁ me-t-R-oÁ qa-t-R-oÁ Se-t-R-oÁ

mic. me-t-u[x] qa-t-u[x] Se-t-u[x] me-t-R-o[x] qa-t-R-o[x] Se-t-R-o[x]

abl. me-t-ux-o qa-t-ux-o Se-t-ux-o me-t-R-ox-o qa-t-R-ox-o Se-t-R-ox-o

kom. me-t-ux-ol qa-t-ux-ol Se-t-ux-ol me-t-R-ox-ol qa-t-R-ox-ol Se-t-R-ox-ol

ades. me-t-u-sta qa-t-u-sta Se-t-u-sta me-t-R-o-sta qa-t-R-o-sta Se-t-R-o-sta

alat. me-t-u-W qa-t-u-W Se-t-u-W me-t-R-o-W qa-t-R-o-W Se-t-R-o-W

sup. me-t-u-l qa-t-u-l Se-t-u-l me-t-R-o-l qa-t-R-o-l Se-t-R-o-l

ben. me-t-enk qa-t-enk Se-t-enk me-t-R-onk qa-t-R-onk Se-t-R-onk

nijur kiloSi zogierTi movlena Taviseburadaa

warmodgenili: nijurSi, varTaSnulisagan gansxvavebiT, dasturdeba

orgvari CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi _ me//mo “es”; qe//qo “eg”; te//So

“is”. aRsaniSnavia, rom nijurs moepoveba formebi qono da qeno,

romelic ar dasturdeba varTaSnulSi.

gansxvavebuli viTareba mJRavndeba CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebis

mravlobiTi ricxvis warmoebisas: nij. mo-r-ox < mo-r-ux “eseni”; qo-

r-ox < qo-r-ux “egeni”; So-r-ox < So-r-ux “isini”, Sdr. varT. mo-n-or

< me-n-or “eseni”; qa-n-or “egeni”; So-n-or < Se-n-or “isini”.

aRsaniSnavia, rom varTaSnulSi masubstantivebeli -o o o o sufiqsi

yovelTvis daerTvis -nnnn elementiT gartulebul fuZes, xolo

nijurSi, mravlobiTi ricxvis warmoebisas, es -nnnn elementi ikargeba.

100

kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxelikuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxelikuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxelikuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxeli

udiur enaSi mogvepoveba samive piris kuTvnilebiTi

nacvalsaxelebi: bezi “Cemi”; vi “Seni”; Seta < SetaÁ “misi”, “imisi”;

beSi “Cveni”; eˤ†i “Tqveni”; SetRo < SetRoÁ “maTi”, “imaTi”. sxva

nacvalsaxelebisagan gansxvavebiT, kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxelebi,

rodesac gamoyenebulia msazRvrel sityvaT, rogorc wesi, ekvecebaT

bolokiduri -iiii an -ÁÁÁÁ (vivivivi nacvalsaxelis gamoklebiT), mag.:

bez (< bezi) koj “Cemi saxli”;

Seta (< SetaÁ) iSu “misi qmari”;

beS (< beSi) muz “Cveni ena”;

eˤ† (< eˤ†i) Áel “Tqveni bavSvi”;

SotRo (< SotRoÁ) faq “maTi baRi”...

msazRvrelad gamoyenebuli kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxeli,

saerTo wesisamebr _ ucvlelia, xolo substantivad gamoyenebuli _

sxva atributiul saxelTa msgavsad ibrunvis:

sax. bezibezibezibezi----oooo “Cemi” beSibeSibeSibeSi----oooo “Cveni” vivivivi----oooo “Seni” eeeeˤ††††iiii----oooo “Tqveni”

erg. bezi-o-t-in beSi-o-t-in vi-o-t-in eˤ†i-o-t-in

naT. bezi-o-t-a[Á] beSi-o-t-a[Á] vi-o-t-a[Á] eˤ†i-o-t-a[Á]

mic. bezi-o-t-u[x] beSi-o-t-u[x] vi-o-t-u[x] eˤ†i-o-t-u[x]

abl. bezi-o-t-ux-o beSi-o-t-ux-o vi-o-t-ux-o eˤ†i-o-t-ux-o

kom. bezi-o-t-ux-ol beSi-o-t-ux-ol vi-o-t-ux-ol eˤ†i-o-t-ux-ol1

ades. bezi-o-t-u-sta beSi-o-t-u-sta vi-o-t-u-sta eˤ†i-o-t-u-sta

alat. bezi-o-t-u-W beSi-o-t-u-W vi-o-t-u-W eˤ†i-o-t-u-W

sup. bezi-o-t-u-l beSi-o-t-u-l vi-o-t-u-l eˤ†i-o-t-u-l

1 bezi-o-t-ux-olanananan, beSi-o-t-ux-olanananan, vi-o-t-ux-olanananan, eˤ†i-o-t-ux-olanananan

formebic gvxgvdeba.

101

ben. bezi-o-t-enk beSi-o-t-enk vi-o-t-enk eˤ†i-o-t-enk1

ix. agreTve sxva kuTvnilebiT nacvalsaxelTa bruneba:

sax. iCi iCi iCi iCi

“misi”, “Tavisi”

iCior iCior iCior iCior

“misni”

iCuRoÁiCuRoÁiCuRoÁiCuRoÁ

“TavianTi”

erg. iCi-t-in//

iCi-o-t-in

iCior-t-R-on iCuRoÁ-t-in//

iCuRoÁ-o-t-in

naT. iCi-t-a[Á]//

iCi-o-t-a[Á]

iCior-t-R-o[Á] iCuRoÁ-t-a[Á]//

iCuRoÁ-o-t-a[Á]

mic. iCi-t-u[x]//

iCi-o-t-u[x]

iCior-t-R-o[x] iCuRoÁ-t-u[x]//

iCuRoÁ-o-t-u[x]

sax. SetaÁSetaÁSetaÁSetaÁ----oooo “misi” SotoRoÁSotoRoÁSotoRoÁSotoRoÁ----oooo “maTi”

erg. SetaÁ-t-in//SetaÁ-o-t-in SetoRoÁ-t-in//SetoRoÁ-o-t-in

naT. SetaÁ-t-o[Á]//SetaÁ-o-t-o[Á] SetoRoÁ-t-o[Á]//SetoRoÁ-o-t-o[Á]

mic. SetaÁ-t-u[x]//SetaÁ-o-t-u[x] SetoRoÁ-t-u[x]//SetoRoÁ-o-t-u[x]

nijur kiloSi dasturdeba igive kuTvnilebiTi

nacvalsaxelebi, rac varTaSnulSi, Tu SoTaÁ (“misi”) formas ar

miviRebT mxedvelobaSi, Sdr. varT. SetaÁ. aRsaniSnavia, rom Tu

varTaSnulSi msazRvrelad gamoyenebis dros SetaÁ “misi” da

SetRoÁ//SotRoÁ “maTi” nacvalsaxelebs bolokiduri ÁÁÁÁ Tanxmovani

xSirad ekveceba, nijurSi ki, rogorc wesi, ucvlelad rCeba, mag.:

Seta (< SetaÁ) Cubux (varT.) _ SoTaÁ Cuux (nij.) “misi coli”;

SotRo (< SotRoÁ) koj (varT.) _ SoToRoÁ qoJ (nij.) “maTi

saxli”...

1 bezi-o-t-enkenaenaenaena, beSi-o-t-enkenaenaenaena, vi-o-t-enkenaenaenaena, eˤ†i-o-t-enkenaenaenaena formebic

gvxgvdeba.

102

kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelikiTxviTi nacvalsaxelikiTxviTi nacvalsaxelikiTxviTi nacvalsaxeli

udiurSi dasturdeba Semdegi kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelebi da am

funqciiTYgamoyenebuli sityvebi: Su? “vin?”; eka? (varT.)//hiq? “ra?”;

mano? (varT.)//manu? (nij.) “romeli?”; ema?//emo? (varT.), hema?//hemo?

(nij.) “ramdeni?”; eyara?//eyaro? (varT.), heÃara? (nij.) “ramdeni?”;

ejšr?//ejšro?//ejšro? (varT.), hejšr? (nij.) “rogori?”;

evaxtun?//evaxtuno? (varT.), hevaxTuno? (nij.) “rodindeli?”,

SiÁ?//SiÁo? “visi?”, etaÁ?//etaÁo? “risi?”, mataÁ?//mataÁo? “romlis?”...

kiTxviT nacvalsaxelTa bruneba ar gansxvavdeba sxva

nacvalsaxelTa brunebisagan. Taviseburi bruneba axasiaTebs Su?

“vin?” nacvalsaxels, romelic -oooo masubstantivebel sufiqss ar

irTavs:

sax. Su “vin?”

erg. Sin

naT. Si

mic. Su[x]

abl. Suxo

komit. Suxol[an]

ades. Susta

alat. SuW

super. Sul

benefaqt. Sink[ena]

samecniero literaturaSi aRniSnulia,1 rom Ziriseul

elementad Su? formaSi unda gamoiyos SSSS- Tanxmovani, Sdr.: S-in

(ERG); S-i (GEN) da S-ink[ena] (BEN).


1971, gv. 43; fanCviZe vl., uduris gramatikuli analizi, Tbilisi, 1974, gv. 90.

103

Su? nacvalsaxeli mravlobiTSi TiTqmis ar ixmareba da

xSirad -aaaa kiTxviT nawilaks irTavs, mag.: me adamar Su-a? “es

adamiani vin aris?”...

eka? (varT.)//hiq? “ra?” nacvalsaxelis fuZe unda daiSalos

Semdegnairad: e? (varT.)//hi < he (nij.) “ra?” + ka (varT.)//q (nij.)

“erTi”. irib brunvaTa formebSi vlindeba tttt-//TTTT- determinativi.

saxelobiTSi mosalodneli iyo -oooo masubstantivebeli elementi,

magram is ar dasturdeba:

sax.


e-ka “ra?”


hi-q “id”

erg. e-t-in he-T-in

naT. e-t-a[Á] he-T-a[Á]

mic. e-t-u[x] he-T-u[x]

abl. e-t-uxo he-T-uxun

komit. e-t-uxol[an] he-T-uxun

ades. e-t-usta he-T-usTa

alat. e-t-uW he-T-uC

super. e-t-ul he-T-ul

ben. e-t-enk[ena] he-T-aÁnaq

mravlobiTi ricxvi eka?//hiq? nacvalsaxelisaTvis ar

dasturdeba. nijurSi mowmdeba hiq? nacvalsaxelis gamartivebuli

q forma, mag.: q-n-haÃsa? “ras yidulob?”; q-n-Curesa? “ra gsurs?”...

nacvalsaxeli mano? “romeli” (nij. manu) unda daiSalos

Semdegnairad _ ma-n-o, ris Sesaxebac irib brunvaTa formebi

metyvelebs: ma-t-in (ERG); ma-t-a[Á] (GEN) da a.S. mano? forma ibrunvis

sxva nacvalsaxelTa msgavsad:

104

sax.


ma-n-o “romeli?”


ma-n-o-r

erg. ma-t-in ma-t-R-on

naT. ma-t-a[Á] ma-t-R-o[Á]

mic. ma-t-u[x] ma-t-R-o[x]

abl. ma-t-uxo ma-t-R-oxo

komit. ma-t-uxol[an] ma-t-R-oxol[an]

ades. ma-t-usta ma-t-R-osta

alat. ma-t-uW ma-t-R-oW

super. ma-t-ul ma-t-R-ol

ben. ma-t-enk[ena] ma-t-R-onk[ena]

mano? nacvalsaxeli damoukideblad iSviaTad gvxvdeba.

Cveulebriv mas daerTvis Te “rom” maqvemdebarebeli kavSiri, xolo

forma mano-Te gamoiyeneba rogorc mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelis, ise

maqvemdebarebeli kavSiris funqciiTac. arsaniSnavia, rom zogjer

forma mano mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelad gvxvdeba.

mano?//manu? da eka?//hiq? nacvalsaxelTa msgavsad sxva

kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelebic ibrunvis: yvela maTgani (ema?//emo? (varT.),

hema?//hemo? (nij.) “ramdeni?”; eyara?//eyaro? (varT.), heÃara? (nij.)

“ramdeni?”; ejšr?//ejšro?//ejšro? (varT.), hejšr? (nij.) “rogori?”;

evaxtun?//evaxtuno? (varT.), hevaxTuno? (nij.) “rodindeli?”,

SiÁ?//SiÁo? “visi?”, etaÁ?//etaÁo? “risi?”, mataÁ?//mataÁo? “romlis?”)

mravlobiTi ricxvis formebs awarmoebs. ejšr?//ejšro?//ejšro?

“rogori?”, SiÁ?//SiÁo? “visi?”, etaÁ?//etaÁo “risi?”, mataÁ//mataÁo

“romlis” nacvalsaxelebi irib brunvebSi or-ori variantiTaa

warmodgenili, mag.:

sax. ejšr?//ejšro?//ejšro? SiÁ?//SiÁo? etaÁ?//etaÁo mataÁ//mataÁo

105

erg. ejšr-t-in,

ejšro-t-in

SiÁ-t-in,

SiÁ-o-t-in

etaÁ-t-in,

etaÁ-o-t-in

mataÁ-t-in,

mataÁ-o-t-in

naT. ejšr-t-a[Á],

ejšro-t-a[Á]

SiÁ-t-a[Á],

SiÁ-o-t-a[Á]

etaÁ-t-a[Á],

etaÁ-o-t-a[Á]

mataÁ-t-a[Á],

mataÁ-o-t-a[Á]

mic. ejšr-t-u[x],

ejšro-t-u[x]

SiÁ-t-u[x],

SiÁ-o-t-u[x]

etaÁ-t-u[x],

etaÁ-o-t-u[x]

mataÁ-t-u[x],

mataÁ-o-t-u[x]

ema?//emo? (“ramdeni?”) nacvalsaxeli brunebisas mxoloobiTSi

or fuZes eyrdnoba, xolo mravlobiTSi _ erTs:

sax. ema?//emo? emo-r

erg. ema-t-in, emo-t-in emo-t-R-on

naT. ema-t-a[Á], emo-t-a[Á] emo-t-R-o[Á]

mic. ema-t-u[x], emo-t-u[x] emo-t-R-o[x]

eyara?//eyaro? da evaxtun?//evaxtuno? nacvalsaxelTa irib

brunvaTa forma unificirebulia:

sax. eyara?//eyaro? evaxtun?//evaxtuno?

erg. eyaro-t-in evaxtun-t-in

naT. eyaro-t-a[Á] evaxtun-t-a[Á]

mic. eyaro-t-u[x] evaxtun-t-u[x]

mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelimimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelimimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelimimarTebiTi nacvalsaxeli

mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxeli, rogorc wesi, iwarmoeba kiTxviTi

nacvalsaxelisagan TeTeTeTe (“rom”) kavSirisa anda -alalalal klitikis

(qarTulSi -cccc nawilaks udris) meSveobiT: Su-Te, Su-al “vinc”; eka-

Te, ekal (< eka-al) “rac”; mano-Te, mano-al “romelic”, mag.:

106

matinmatinmatinmatin-TeTeTeTe nÁnqulayo bšTšntxo, ekaekaekaeka-TeTeTeTe butaÁ, Tetubaqo baqes

bez Sgird “romelmacromelmacromelmacromelmac xeli ar aiRos yvelaferze, racracracrac aqvs, ver

SesZlebs Cems mowafeobas” (lk. 14, 33)...

forma mano (nij. manu), kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelis garda,

zogjer mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelis funqciiTac gvxvdeba.

mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelebis brunebisas mTlianad

gameorebulia kiTxviT nacvalsaxelTa formebi:

sax. Su-Te “vinc” eka-Te “rac” mano-al “romelic”

erg. Sin-Te etin-Te matin-al

naT. Si-Te etaÁ-Te mataÁ-al

mic. Su[x]-Te etu[x]-Te matu[x]-al

uaryofiTi nacvalsaxeliuaryofiTi nacvalsaxeliuaryofiTi nacvalsaxeliuaryofiTi nacvalsaxeli

uaryofiTi nacvalsaxelebi iwarmoeba kiTxviTi

nacvalsaxelebisagan kalkalkalkal elementis meSveobiT: Su-kal “aravin”;

ekal//ekkal (< *eka-kal) “araferi”; mano-kal “arc romeli”; ema-kal

“arc ramdeni”... samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba,

rom kalkalkalkal elementi zmna fesfesfesfes “Tqma”, “laparaki” awmyo-myofadis

(usruli saxis) mimReobas unda warmosdgendes (“saTqmeli”).1

uaryofiTi nacvalsaxelis gamoyenebisas, winadadebaSi

aucilebelia uaryofis klitika (TeTeTeTe-, nuTnuTnuTnuT- “ara”), mag.:

SuSuSuSu-kalkalkalkal irhlu TeTeTeTe-ne, Tqs sa bixajuR “aravinaravinaravinaravin saxieri (zedmiw.

ucodveli) arararar aris, garda erTi RmerTisa (mxolod erTi RmerTi)”

(lk. 18, 19)...

masubstantivebeli sufiqsi -oooo am nacvalsaxelebs zogjer

daerTvis, zogjer ki _ ara. amis mixedviT, uaryofiT

nacvalsaxelebs axasiaTebs brunebis orgvari tipi: saxeluri da

nacvalsaxeluri, Sdr.:

1 fanCviZe vl., uduris gramatikuli analizi, Tbilisi, 1974, gv. 101.

107

sax. Sukal

“aravin”

Sukal-o

“id”

ekal

“araferi”

ekal-o

“id”

erg. Sukal-en Sukal-t-in ekal-en ekal-t-in

naT. Sukal-i Sukal-t-a[Á] ekal-un ekal-t-a[Á]

mic. Sukal-a[x] Sukal-t-u[x] ekal-a[x] ekal-t-u[x]

gansazRvrebiTi nacvalsaxeligansazRvrebiTi nacvalsaxeligansazRvrebiTi nacvalsaxeligansazRvrebiTi nacvalsaxeli

gansazRvrebiTi nacvalsaxelebis funqciiT udiurSi

mogvepoveba: har-o “yoveli”; harsa//harso “yoveli” (nij. hrs);

bšTšn//bšTšn-o “yvela”. harsa//harso forma Sedgenilia: har “yoveli”

+ sa “erTi”//sa-o > so.

gansazRvrebiTi nacvalsaxelebi sxva nacvalsaxelTa msgavsad

ibrunvis:

sax. har-o

“yoveli”

harsa//harso

“id”

bšTšn//bšTšno

“yvela”

erg. har-o-t-in

har-t-in

harsa-t-in

harso-t-in

bšTšn-t-in

naT. har-o-t-a[Á]

har-t-a[Á]

harsa-t-a[Á]

harso-t-a[Á]

bšTšn-t-a[Á]

mic. har-o-t-u[x]

har-t-u[x]

harsa-t-u[x]

harso-t-u[x]

bšTšn-t-u[x]

ganusazganusazganusazganusazRvrelobiTi nacvalsaxeliRvrelobiTi nacvalsaxeliRvrelobiTi nacvalsaxeliRvrelobiTi nacvalsaxeli

ganusazRvrelobiTi nacvalsaxelis funqciiT ZiriTadad

gamoyenebulia ricxviTi saxeli sa “erTi” da misgan nawarmoebi

formebi. udiurSi mogvepoveba Semdegi ganusazRvrelobiTi

nacvalsaxelebi: sa//so < sa-o “vinme”, “viRac”, “rame”, “raRac”; sun <

108

*sa-un//suno “vinme”, “viRac”; sa-emo “romelime”, “romeliRac”, “zogi”;

tesun < *te-sa-un “sxva [vinme, viRac]”.

ganusazRvrelobiTi nacvalsaxelebi sxva nacvalsaxelTa

msgavsad ibrunvis:

sax. so < sa-o sun//suno saemo

erg. so-t-in sun-t-in saemo-t-in

naT. so-t-a[Á] sun-t-a[Á] saemo-t-a[Á]

mic. so-t-u[x] sun-t-u[x] saemo-t-u[x]

ukukceviTi nacvalsaxeliukukceviTi nacvalsaxeliukukceviTi nacvalsaxeliukukceviTi nacvalsaxeli

udiurSi amgvari funqciiT dasturdeba nacvalsaxeli iCiCiCiC

“TviT”, “TviTon”. iCiCiCiC nacvalsaxeli substantivis mniSvnelobiT

gamoiyeneba da arsebiTi saxelebis msgavsad ibrunvis. sayuradReboa,

rom qarTulisagan gansxvavebiT, am nacvalsaxels aqvs mravlobiTi

ricxvis forma. aRsaniSnavia, rom mravlobiTSi ar aris garCeuli

saxelobiTisa da ergativis formebi:

sax.


iC “TviTon”


iC-R-on

erg. iC-en//iC-in iC-R-on

naT. iC-i iC-R-o[Á]

mic. iC-u[x] iC-R-o[x]

abl. iC-uxo iC-R-oxo

komit. iC-uxol[an] iC-R-oxol[an]

ades. iC-usta iC-R-osta

alat. iC-uW iC-R-oW

super. iC-ul iC-R-ol

ben. iC-enk[ena] iC-R-onk[ena]

109

iCiCiCiC nacvalsaxeli mxolod III piris aRmniSvnelia, xolo I da II

pirs ver iguebs. udiurSi ar gvxvdeba “me TviTon”, “TviT me”, “Sen

TviTon”, “TviT Sen” sintagmebi.

msazRvrel sityvad gamoyenebuli iCiCiCiC (< iCiiCiiCiiCi) nacvalsaxeli

gvevlineba kuTvnilebiT nacvalsaxelad, Sdr.: iC bu-ne “TviTon

aris” da iC nana “Tavisi [misi] deda”... iCiiCiiCiiCi kuTvnilebiTi

nacvalsaxeli substantivis mniSvnelobiTac gvxvdeba (ix.

kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxeli).

vl. fanCviZes iCiCiCiC nacvalsaxeli gansazRvrebiT

nacvalsaxelebSi Sehyavs, Tumca aRniSnavs, rom “zog SemTxvevaSi mas

SeiZleba hqondes ukuqceviTi nacvalsaxelis mniSvnelobac”.1

saurTierTo nacvalsaxelisaurTierTo nacvalsaxelisaurTierTo nacvalsaxelisaurTierTo nacvalsaxeli

am funqciiT udiurSi gvevlineba sun-sun//sun-sun-o

“erTmaneTi”. es rTuli Sedgenilobis fuZea, romelic

reduplikaciis Sedegad miRebul -unununun sufiqsiT garTulebul sasasasa

“erTi” ricxviT saxels warmoadgens (sun-sun < *sa-un-sa-un).

brunebisas, es nacvalsaxeli mxolod micemiTis, ablativis,

komitativis, alativis, superasivisa da benefaqtivis formebs

awarmoebs. am nacvalsaxelis mravlobiTi ricxvis forma ar

dasturdeba:

sax.

varT.varT.varT.varT.

sun-sun//sun-sun-o

“TviTon”

nij.nij.nij.nij.

sun-sun//sun-sun-o

“id”

mic. sunsun-a[x] sunsun-a

abl. sunsun-axo sunsun-axun

komit. sunsun-axol[an] sunsun-axun

alat. sunsun-aW sunsun-aC


110

super. sunsun-al sunsun-al

ben. sunsun-enk[ena] sunsun-aÁnaq

vl. fanCviZesTan aRniSnulia ergativisa da naTesaobiTis

formebi sunsun-en “erTmaneTma” da sunsun-aÁ “erTmaneTisa”,1 Tumca

Cven es formebi udiurSi ver davimowmeT.


111

ricxviTi saxeliricxviTi saxeliricxviTi saxeliricxviTi saxeli

varTaSnul kiloSi, sxva iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa msgavsad,

Tvlis sistema ocobiTia. nijurSi ki, romelmac aTeulebis

aRmniSvneli ricxviTi saxelebi (30-dan 90-is CaTvliT)

azerbaijanilidan isesxa, aTobiTi Tvlis sistema daimkvidra.

aRsaniSnavia, rom aTeulebis aRsaniSnavad nijurSi sakuTari

leqsikuri erTeulebic gamoiyeneba.

rodesac ricxviTi saxeli msazRvrel sityvadaa gamoyenebuli,

igi, wesisamebr, ar icvleba, xolo substantivs gatolebuli

ricxviTi saxeli zedsarTavi saxelisa da nacvalsaxelis msgavsad

ibrunvis.

raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxeliraodenobiTi ricxviTi saxeliraodenobiTi ricxviTi saxeliraodenobiTi ricxviTi saxeli

udiurSi dasturdeba rogorc martivi, ise rTuli (Txzuli)

raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxeli. martiv ricxviT saxelebs

miekuTvneba: sa “erTi”; paˤ ‘ori”; xib “sami”; bip “oTxi”; Ão “xuTi”;

uÃˤ “eqvsi”; vuRˤ “Svidi”; muRˤ “rva”; vuÁ “cxra”; viw “aTi”; baCˤ “asi”;

hazar “aTasi”; milÁon “milioni”; milÁiard “miliardi”. danarCeni

raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxelebi ori, sami an oTxi martivi

fuZisagan Semdgar sityvebs warmoadgenen:

varTaSnuli nijuri

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

sa

paˤ

xib

bip

Ão

uÃˤ

vuRˤ

sa

faˤ

xib

bif

Ão

uÃ//uÃˤ

vuRˤ

112

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

101

110

111

200

300

1000

1001

10 000

100 000

muRˤ

vuÁ

viw

sawwe

paˤwwe

xibewwe

bipewwe

Ãowwe

uÃˤewwe

vuRˤewwe

muRˤewwe

vuÁewwe

ya

sayoviw

paˤyo

paˤyoviw

xibyo

xibyoviw

bipyo

bipyoviw

sabaCˤ//baCˤ

sabaCˤsa

sabaCˤviw

sabaCˤsawwe

paˤbaCˤ

xibbaCˤ

sa hazar//hazar

sahazarsa

viw hazar

baCˤ hazar

muRˤ

vuÁ

vic

sacce

faˤcce

xibecce

bifecce

Ãocce

uÃˤecce

vuRˤecce

muRˤecce

vuÁecce ya//iÁirmi

oTuz//xibvic

yÊrx//bifvic//faÃa

lli//Ãovic

alTmiS//uÃˤvic

eÁTmiS//vuRˤvic

sqsn//muRˤvic

doxsan//vuÁvic

sabaCˤ//baCˤ//vicaovic sabaCˤsa

sabaCˤvic

sabaCˤsacce

faˤbaCˤ xibbaCˤ

sa hazar//hazar

sahazarsa

vic hazar

baCˤ hazar

113

TerTmetidan cxrametis CaTvliT ricxviTi saxelebi

miRebulia fonetikuri cvlilebebis Sedegad. es saxelebi

Sedgenilia amdagvarad: win erTvis erTeulebis aRmniSvneli

saxelebi, Semdeg viwviwviwviw “aTi” da *sasasasa > sesesese “erTi”:

*sa-viw-sa > *sa-viw-se > sa-w-se > sa-w-we “TerTmeti”;

*paˤ-viw-sa > *paˤ-viw-se > paˤ-w-se > paˤ-w-we “Tormeti”;

*xib-viw-sa > *xib-viw-se > xib-ew-se > xib-ew-we “cameti”...

aRsaniSnavia, rom a. dirs udiurSi dadasturebuli aqvs

Semdegi formebi: sawse “TerTmeti”; paˤwse “Tormeti”; xibewse

“cameti”; bipewse “ToTxmeti” da a.S.1

oceulebisa da aTeulebis warmoebis TvalsazrisiT kiloebis

mixedviT dasturdeba sxvadasxvagvari viTareba: varTaSnulSi, sxva

iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa msgavsad, oceulebis aRsaniSnavad

gamoyenebulia saTanado ricxviTi saxeli da sityva yayayaya//yoyoyoyo “oci” _

paˤ-yo “ormoci” (“ori” + “oci”); xib-yo “samoci” (“sami” + “oci”); bip-

yo “oTxmoci” (“oTxi” + “oci”); 30, 50, 70 da 90 leqsemebis

aRsaniSnavad gamoyenebulia saTanado oceulebi da sityva viwviwviwviw “aTi”:

sa-yo-viw “ocdaaTi” (“erTi oci” + “aTi”); paˤ-yo-viw “ormocdaaTi”

(“ori oci” + “aTi”); xib-yo-viw “samocdaaTi” (“sami oci” + “aTi”);

bip-yo-viw “oTxmocdaaTi” (“oTxi oci” + “aTi”).

nijur kiloSi, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, Tvlis ocobiTi

sistema moSlilia. aTeulebis aRsaniSnavad gamoyenebulia

azerbaijanulidan nasesxebi ricxviTi saxelebi: iÁirmi “oci”; oTuz

“ocdaaTi”; yÊrx “ormoci”; lli “ormocdaaTi”; alTmiS “samoci”;

eÁTmiS “samocdaaTi”; sqsn “oTxmoci”; doxsan “oTxmocdaaTi”. garda

amisa, nijurSi dasturdeba sakuTari warmoebis aTeulebis

aRsaniSnavi saxelebi: xib-vic “ocdaaTi” (“sami” + “aTi”); bif-vic

“ormoci” (“oTxi” + “aTi”); Ão-vic “ormocdaaTi” (“xuTi” + “aTi”);

1 Дирр А. М., Грамматика удинского языка, Тифлис, 1903, gv. 29.

114

uÃˤ-vic “samoci” (“eqvsi” + “aTi”); vuRˤ-vic “samocdaaTi” (“Svidi” +

“aTi”); muRˤ-vic “oTxmoci” (“rva” + “aTi”); vuÁ-vic “oTxmocdaaTi”

(“cxra” + “aTi”). erTaderTi ricxviTi saxeli, romelic Tvlis

ocobiTi sistemis uqonlobis pirobebSi nijurs naStad SemorCa _

aris paˤ-ya “ormoci” (“ori” + “oci”).

aseulebisa da Semdgomi raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxelebis

warmoeba erTgvaradaa warmodgenili udiuri enis orive kiloSi.

msazRvrelad gamoyenebuli ricxviTi saxeli ar icvlis

brunvisa da ricxvis mixedviT. aRsaniSnavia, rom rogorc wesi,

sazRvruli ar eTanxmeba ricxviT saxels ricxvSi:

saxelobiTi sasasasa adamar adamar adamar adamar

“erTi adamiani”

papapapaˤ adamaradamaradamaradamar

“ori adamiani”

viwviwviwviw adamaradamaradamaradamar

“aTi adamiani”

ergativi sa adamar-en paˤ adamar-en viw adamar-en

naTesaobiTi sa adamar-i paˤ adamar-i viw adamar-i

micemiTi sa adamar-a[x] paˤ adamar-a[x] viw adamar-a[x]

zogjer ricxviTi saxeli iTanxmebs msazRvruls [mravlobiT]

ricxvSi, mag.:

telan te Cˤo Taci, atuki Sotu yeÁri papapapaˤ viCimuRoxviCimuRoxviCimuRoxviCimuRox “iqidan

iqiT mxares wavida ra, dainaxa man sxva ori Zma (Zmebi)” (mT. 4, 21)...

substantivad gamoyenebul ricxviT saxels daerTvis -oooo

sufiqsi: so < so-o < sa-o “erTi”; poˤ < poˤ-o < paˤ-o “ori”; xib-o

“sami”, bip-o “oTxi” da a.S.

varTaSnulSi, amasTan, ricxviTi saxelisaTvis “erTi”

gavrcelebulia forma sun < *sa-un. nijurSi saxelobiTSi ricxviTi

saxelis fuZes zogjer daerTvis -jajajaja an -RoRoRoRo sufiqsebi: sa-ja, so-Ro

< sa-Ro “erTi”; paˤ-ja, poˤ-Ro < paˤ-Ro “ori”...

ricxviTi saxeli nacvalsaxelisa da zedsarTavi saxelis

msgavsad ibrunvis:

115

sax.


so-o “erTi”


so-o-r


xib-o “sami”


xib-o-r

erg. soo-t-in soo-t-R-on xibo-t-in xibo-t-R-on

naT. soo-t-a[Á] soo-t-R-o[Á] xibo-t-a[Á] xibo-t-R-o[Á]

mic. soo-t-u[x] soo-t-R-o[x] xibo-t-u[x] xibo-t-R-o[x]

abl. soo-t-uxo soo-t-R-oxo xibo-t-uxo xibo-t-R-oxo

komit. soo-t-uxol[an] soo-t-R-oxol[an] xibo-t-uxol[an] xibo-t-R-oxol[an]

ades. soo-t-usta soo-t-R-osta xibo-t-usta xibo-t-R-osta

alat. soo-t-uW soo-t-R-oW xibo-t-uW xibo-t-R-oW

super. soo-t-ul soo-t-R-ol xibo-t-ul xibo-t-R-ol

ben. soo-t-enk[ena] soo-t-R-onk[ena] xibo-t-enk[ena] xibo-t-R-onk[ena]

rigobiTi ricxviTi saxelirigobiTi ricxviTi saxelirigobiTi ricxviTi saxelirigobiTi ricxviTi saxeli

rigobiTi ricxviTi saxelebi udiuri enis varTaSnul kiloSi

iwarmoeba raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxelis gauformebel fuZeze

azerbaijanulidan nasesxebi -mmmm-jijijiji, -umumumum-jijijiji, -unununun-jijijiji sufiqsebisa,1 an

zogjer -unununun, -umumumum sufiqsebis darTviT.2 aRiniSneba am mawarmoebelTa

paraleluri xmarebac, mag.:

sa-m-ji < sa-um-ji < sa-un-ji; sa-um < sa-un...

nijur kiloSi rigobiTi ricxviTi saxeli, rogorc wesi,

pirveli jgufis (rTul) sufiqsTa meSveobiT iwarmoeba, oRond

SeiniSneba fonetikuri xasiaTis Taviseburebebi, Sdr.:

“pirveli”

varT.varT.varT.varT.

sa-mji; sš†t-unji;

nij.nij.nij.nij.

saÁ-umji; saÁ-imji; sš†t-in

1 SesaZlebelia, rom azerbaijanulidan am sufiqsTa oden meore nawili iyos

nasesxebi (-jijijiji elementi), xolo pirveli warmoSobiT genitivis niSani iyos. 2 -unununun sufiqsi warmoSobiT naTesaobiTi brunvis formanti unda iyos. am

sufiqsis gamoyeneba rigobiTi ricxviTi saxelebisaTvis jer kidev kavkasiis

albanurisaTvis iyo damaxasiaTebeli.

116

sš†t-umji; sš†t-un-o

“meore” paˤ-unji; paˤ-umji;

paˤ-un-o

faˤÁ-imji

“mesame” xib-unji; xib-umji;

xib-un-o

xib-imji

“meoTxe” bip-unji; bip-umji;

bip-un-o

bif-imji

“mexuTe” Ão-unji; Ão-umji;

Ão-un-o

ÃoÁ-imji; ÃoÁ-mji

“meaTe” viw-unji; viw-umji;

viw-un-o

vic-imji

“mease” baCˤ-unji; baCˤ-umji;

baCˤ-un-o

baCˤ-umji; baCˤ-Êmji

rigobiTi ricxviTi saxelis msazRvrel sityvad gamoyenebisas,

igi, wesisamebr, ar icvleba:

sax. sasasasa----mjimjimjimji adamar adamar adamar adamar

“pirveli adamiani”

papapapaˤ-umjiumjiumjiumji adamaradamaradamaradamar

“meore adamiani”

viwviwviwviw----umjiumjiumjiumji adamaradamaradamaradamar

“meaTe adamiani”

erg. sa-mji adamar-en paˤ-umji adamar-en viw-umji adamar-en

naT. sa-mji adamar-i paˤ-umji adamar-i viw-umji adamar-i

mic. sa-mji adamar-a[x] paˤ-umji adamar-a[x] viw-umji adamar-a[x]

xolo rigobiTi ricxviTi saxeli substantivis funqciiT

zedsarTavi saxelisa da nacvalsaxelis msgavsad ibrunvis.

substantivad gamoyenebul rigobiT ricxviT saxelebSi -unununun

sufiqsiani warmoeba Warbobs.

sax. paˤ-un-o, paˤ-umjio

“meore”

xib-un-o, xib-umji-o

“mesame”

117

erg. paˤ-un-t-in, paˤ-umji-t-in,

paˤ-umji-o-t-in

xib-un-t-in, xib-umji-t-in,

xib-umji-o-t-in

naT. paˤ-un-t-a[Á], paˤ-umji-t-a[Á],

paˤ-umji-o-t-a[Á]

xib-un-t-a[Á], xib-umji-t-a[Á],

xib-umji-o-t-a[Á]

mic. paˤ-un-t-u[x], paˤ-umji-t-u[x],

paˤ-umji-o-t-u[x]

xib-un-t-u[x], xib-umji-t-u[x],

xib-umji-o-t-u[x]

krebiTi ricxviTi saxelikrebiTi ricxviTi saxelikrebiTi ricxviTi saxelikrebiTi ricxviTi saxeli

krebiTi ricxviTi saxelebi iwarmoeba raodenobiTi ricxviTi

saxelis fuZeze -llll-inininin//-bbbb-alalalal-inininin, -llll-enenenen//bbbb-alalalal-enenenen rTuli sufiqsis

darTviT,1 mag.:

paˤ-l-in//paˤ-l-en “orive”, “orive erTad”;

xib-al-in//xib-al-en “samive”, “samive erTad”;

bip-al-in//bip-al-en “oTxive”; “oTxive erTad”;

Ão-b-al-in//Ão-b-al-en “xuTive”, “xuTive erTad”;

vuÁ-b-al-in//vuÁ-b-al-en “cxrave”, “cxrave erTad”;

viw-b-al-in//viw-b-al-en “aTive”, “aTive erTad”...

am ori variantidan pirveli (-llll-inininin//-bbbb-alalalal-inininin) orive kiloSia

gavrcelebuli, xolo meore (-llll-enenenen//-bbbb-alalalal-enenenen) mxolod varTaSnulSi

gvxvdeba. amis garda nijurSi -aranaranaranaran sufiqsiani warmoeba dasturdeba:

xib-aran “samive”, “samive erTad”; bif-aran “oTxive”, “oTxive

erTad”...

1 evg. jeiraniSvilis azriT, bolokiduri -en//-in elementi warmoSobiT ergativ-

instrumentalisis formanti unda iyos; -alalalal//-llll elements mkvlevari =alalalal klitikas

(“c”, “ca”, “mca”) ukavSirebs, xolo Tavkidur bbbb- elements gaqvavebul

klasifikatorad miiCnevs _ jeiraniSvili evg., udiuri ena (gramatika, qrestomaTia,

leqsikoni), Tbilisi, 1971, gv. 36.

118

sxva ricxviTi saxelebis msgavsad msazRvrelad gamoyenebuli

krebiTi ricxviTi saxeli ucvlelia, xolo substantivis funqciiT

_ sxva atributul saxelTa msgavsad ibrunvis:

sax.


paˤ-l-en-o “orive”,

“orive erTad”

mr. mr. mr. mr. ricxviricxviricxviricxvi

paˤ-l-en-o-r

erg. paˤ-l-en-t-in paˤ-l-en-t-R-on

naT. paˤ-l-en-t-a[Á] paˤ-l-en-t-R-o[Á]

mic. paˤ-l-en-t-u[x] paˤ-l-en-t-R-o[x]

wiladi ricxviTi saxeliwiladi ricxviTi saxeliwiladi ricxviTi saxeliwiladi ricxviTi saxeli

wiladi ricxviTi saxeli iwarmoeba aRweriTad. amisTvis

varTaSnulSi gamoyenebulia sityvebi bar “wili”, jok “id”.

konstruqcia Sedgeba naTesaoTsa an ablativis formiT

warmodgenili ricxviTi saxelisagan, msazRvrelad gamoyenebuli

ricxviTi saxelisa da “wili”-s aRmniSnvneli zemoT dasaxelebuli

sityvebisagan:

Ãotxo (an ÃotaÁ) xib bar (an jok) “sami mexuTedi” (zedmiw.

“xuTisagan (an “xuTisa”) sami wili”);

bipotxo (an bipotaÁ) sa bar (an jok) “erTi meoTxedi” (zedmiw.

“oTxisagan (an “oTxisa”) erTi wili”)...

nijurSi dasturdeba sxvagvari konstruqcia: mniSvnelis

sawarmoeblad aq gamoiyeneba -arararar sufiqs darTuli ablativis

formiT warmodgenili ricxviTi saxeli, romelsac sityva faÁ

“wili” erTvis.

wiladi ricxviTi saxelebis sawarmoeblad udiurSi aseve

gamoiyeneba sityvebi Ãˤi “naxevari” da urub “meoTxedi”:

sa-n-Ãˤi “erTnaxevari”; paˤ-n-Ãˤi “ornaxevari”; sa-urub “erTi

meoTxedi”; paˤ-urub “ori meoTxedi”; xib-urub “sami meoTxedi”...

119

jerobis ricxviTi saxelebijerobis ricxviTi saxelebijerobis ricxviTi saxelebijerobis ricxviTi saxelebi

jerobis ricxviTi saxelebi aseve aRweriTiwarmoebisa.

amisTvis gamoyenebulia azerbaijanulidan nasesxebi sityva qrn

(varT.)//qrm (nij.) “gzis”, “-jer”: sa-qrn “erTxel”, “erTgzis”; paˤ-

qrn “orjer”, “orgzis”; xib-qrn “samjer”, “samgzis” da a.S. (nij.

sa-qrm, paˤ-qrm, xib-qrm).

jerobis ricxviTi saxelis sawarmoeblad gamoiyeneba aseve

sityva Áay “gza”: sa-Áay “erTgzis”; xib-Áay “samjer”, “samgzis”...

daSliTdaSliTdaSliTdaSliT----danawidanawidanawidanawilebiTilebiTilebiTilebiTi (wyvilobiTiwyvilobiTiwyvilobiTiwyvilobiTi) ricxviTi saxeliricxviTi saxeliricxviTi saxeliricxviTi saxeli

es ricxviTi saxeli iwarmoeba gasubstantivebul ricxviT

saxelTa reduplikaciiT: so-so < so-o + so-o < sa-o + sa-o “TiTo-

TiTo”, “TiTo-TiTod”; poˤ-poˤ < poˤ-o + poˤ-o < paˤ-o + paˤ-o “or-

ori”; xib-xibo < xib-o + xib-o “sam-sami” da a.S.

120

zmzmzmzmnnnnaaaa

daRestnuri jgufisa da lezgiuri qvejgufis sxva enaTagan

gansxvavebiT udiur zmnas ar axasiaTebs morfologiur kategoriaTa

mravalferovneba. finitur da infinitur formaTa paradigma udiur

enaSi sam aTeul erTeuls ar aRemateba da, maT Soris, Warbadaa

warmodgenili kavSirebiTi da pirobiT-natvriTi kilos formebi.

TvalSi sacemia analitikur formaTa ararseboba da konverbTa

simcire, maSin rodesac es formebi Zalze gavrcelebulia

daRestnur enebSi.

udiurSi zmnisaTvis sistemebr niSandoblivia mxolod piris

[da ricxvis] kategoriisa da dro-kiloTa formebis arseboba.

mravlobiTi ricxvi zmnaSi specialuri afiqsiT ar gamoixateba.

piris kategoriac axali Seqmnili Cans, xolo piris formantTa

ganawileba friad saintereso suraTs gviCvenebs. gramatikuli klas-

kategoria moiSala, Tumca TvalSi sacemia misi naSTi gaqvavebuli

prefiqsebis saxiT. gvari Canasaxovan mdgomareobaSi imyofeba, xolo

aspeqtis kategoria moSlis pirasaa misuli da mxolod zmnebis

erTi jgufis mixedviT SeiZleba vimsjeloT am kategoriis Sesaxeb.

preverbis xasiaTis elementebi gadmonaSTis saxiT gvxvdeba mxolod

ramdenime zmnaSi.

zmnuri sityvaformis struqturazmnuri sityvaformis struqturazmnuri sityvaformis struqturazmnuri sityvaformis struqtura

martivi agebulebis zmnebimartivi agebulebis zmnebimartivi agebulebis zmnebimartivi agebulebis zmnebi

aranawarmoeb (sinqronul doneze), anu martivi agebulebis

zmnebis ricxvi udiur enaSi ar aris didi da 60-70 erTeuls ar

aRemateba. maTi didi nawili erTmarcvliania da VC, VCC, CVC, CVCC

struqturisaa.

121

VVVVC: akakakak-es “naxva”, “danaxva”, “gamoCena”; ayayayay-es “aReba”, “ayvana”; uquququq-

es “Wama”; uRuRuRuRˤ-es “daleva”; ewewewew-es “SeSroba”; owowowow-es “garecxva; eeee††††----

es “daWera”, “dakaveba”...

VCC: arcarcarcarc-es “dajdoma”; uskuskuskusk-es “gazomva”...

CVC: baqbaqbaqbaq-es “yofa”, “arseboba”, “gaxdoma”; bixbixbixbix-es “Soba”,

“dabadeba”; bokbokbokbok-es “wva”, “xrukva; boxboxboxbox-es “xarSva”; boyboyboyboyˤ-es

“krefa”; WurWurWurWur-es “grexa”; CurCurCurCur-es “gavla”, “gaseirneba” (nij.

“yvareba”, “Seyvareba”); JalJalJalJal-es “duReba”; gurgurgurgur-es “waqceva”; jarjarjarjar-

es “wva”, “xrukva; SamSamSamSam-es “kvla”; dodododoˤffff-es “skdoma”...

CVCC: baskbaskbaskbask-es “dawola”, “daZineba”; burÃburÃburÃburÃ-es “dawyeba”; baSybaSybaSybaSy-es

“moparva”; mandmandmandmand-es “darCena”; CalxCalxCalxCalx-es “gacnoba”...

iSviaTad gvxvdeba ormarcvliani martivi agebulebis fuZeebi,

mag.: woroworoworoworo-es “dineba” [wurwuriT, wveT-wveTad]; axaaxaaxaaxa-es “akideba”,

“zurgze Camokideba”; CCCCovaovaovaovaqqqq-es (nij.; < varT. WeWeWeWe-baqbaqbaqbaq-es) “gadavla”...

bbbb-es “keTeba” da ffff-es “Tqma”, “qmna” fuZes calkeuli Tanxmovani

warmoadgens, Tumca, safiqrebelia, rom istoriulad erTi

Tanxmovnisagan Semdgari fuZeebi udiuri zmnisaTvis unda yofiliyo

damaxasiaTebeli.

rTuli agebulebis zmnebirTuli agebulebis zmnebirTuli agebulebis zmnebirTuli agebulebis zmnebi

udiur enaSi zmnuri leqsemebis didi nawili kompozitebs

warmoadgens. zmnuri kompozitebis pirveli ingredienti martiv

arauRvlebad fuZes warmoadgens, xolo meore Semadgeneli nawili _

meSvel zmnas. am damxmare zmnebisagan calke aRebuli mxolod sami

zmna warmoadgens damoukidebel leqsemas, esenia: baq-es “yofa”,

“arseboba”, “gaxdoma”; b-es “keTeba” da f-es “Tqma”, “qmna”. maT ricxvs

SesaZloa mivumatoT erTi leqsemac _ ec-es, romelic moZraobis

aRmniSvnel defeqtur zmnad unda miviCnioT da, amasTan erTad, igi

dekauzativsac awarmoebs (sxva Tvalsazrisis mixedviT vnebiTi

gvaris mawarmoebels warmoadgens _ evg. jeiraniSvili).

122

baqbaqbaqbaq----eseseses _ gardauval zmnebs awarmoebs, mag.: qala-baqes “gazrda”

(qala “didi”); WˤoWa-baqsun “gawiTleba” (WˤoWa “wiTeli”)...

bbbb----eseseses _ gardamaval zmnebs awarmoebs, mag.: aS-bes “muSaoba” (aS

“saqme); bar-besun “darigeba”, “danawileba” (bar “wili)...

ffff----eseseses _ ZiriTadad semantikurad metyvelebasTan, xmasTan

dakavSirebul moqmedebebis aRmniSvnel da sxva gardamaval

zmnebsac awarmoebs, mag.: „ÁT-fes “laparaki” („ÁT “sityva); maRˤ-

fes “mRera” (maRˤ ‘simRera”); ÃˤoÃ-fes “daxveleba”, axSum-fes

“gacineba”; magram: aCi-fes “TamaSoba” (aCi “TamaSi”); ox-fes

“varcxna” (ox “savarcxeli”); cam-fes “wera” (cam “naweri”)...

forma ffff----eseseses iSviaTad awarmoebs gardauval zmnebsac, Sdr.:

Cur-fes “dgoma”, “gaCereba”...

ecececec----es es es es _ awarmoebs dekauzativs, mag.: ak-e-ne “naxa” _ ak-ecececec-e-ne

“daenaxa”; Tad-e-ne “misca” _ Tad-ecececec-e-ne “mieca”... miuxedavad

amisa, es forma, Cveni azriT, warmoadgens ara mawarmoebels,

aramed meSvel zmnas, Sdr.: cam-ffff-e-ne “wers” _ cam-ecececec-e-ne

“iwereba”; gam-ne-dddd-e “acxelebs” _ gam-ecececec-e-ne “cxeldeba”; gir-bbbb-

e-ne “Tavs uyrian” _ gir-ecececec-e-ne “Tavs iyris”... es magaliTebi

cxadyofs, rom forma acacacac-es pirvel ingredients daerTvis

rogorc meSveli zmna da sxva uRvlebad komponentebs (bbbb-es, ffff-

es, dddd-es) enacvleba (udiurSi dauSvebelia ori damxmare zmnis

erTad Tavmoyra).

rTuli agebulebis zmnebis yvelaze gavrcelebuli meore

uRvlebadi komponenti, romelsac amJamad damoukidebeli leqsikuri

mniSvneloba ar gaaCnia, aris dddd- (yru Tanxmovnebis Semdes xSirad

gvaZlevs tttt-s, mag.: akes-e-dddd-i “daanaxa” _ akes-tttt-es “danaxva”), mag.:

Jol-d-es “dacoba” (Jol “sacobi”); Tog-des “gayidva” (Tog “fasi”).

es elementi gvevlineba aseve kauzativis mawarmoeblad (-evkevkevkevk

mawarmoebelTan erTad), mag.: b-e-s “keTeba” _ b-es-tttt-es “keTebineba”;

uq-es “Wama” _ uqes-dddd-es “Wmeva”; uRˤ-es “daleva” _ uRˤes-dddd-es

“dalevineba”...

123

udiuris Sesaxeb specialur literaturaSi, rTuli

agebulebis zmnebSi gamoiyofa aseve sxva elementebi: kkkk-, ÃÃÃÃ-, yyyy-, xxxx-. am

elementebis gamoyofa xerxdeba mxolod sityvawarmoebiTi analizis

an etimologiuri Ziebis saSualebiT, mag.: baT-kkkk-es “xrCoba”,

“CaZirva”, “wyalSi daSveba”; Sdr. azerbaijanuli: baTbaTbaTbaT “xrCoba”.

rTuli agebulebis zmnebis pirveli komponenti, rogorc wesi,

warmoSobiT saxels an adverbialur sityvas warmoadgens. iSviaTad

pirvel ingredientad SeiZleba Segvxvdes zmnuri fuZe. xSiria

SemTxvevebi, rodesac pirvel komponentsac _ arauRvlebad fuZes,

amJamad ar aqvs damoukidebeli leqsikuri mniSvneloba, mag.: ba-fes

“Casxma”, “Cayra”; Sam-fes “dakvla”; ti-tes “daZaxva”; Wur-des

“mogrexa”, “moRreca” da sxva.

gvxvdeba idiomaturi mniSvnelobis kompozitebi, mag.: xabar-ay-

es “SekiTxva” (xabar “axali ambavi” + ay-es “aReba”); „†Ci-duR-es

“motyueba” („†Ci “tyuili” + duR-es “dartma”, “cema”); gom-duR-es

“Rebva” (gom “feri” + duR-es “dartma”, “cema”); iSex-TaÁ-es

“gaTxoveba” (iSex “qmari” [mic.] + TaÁ-es “wasvla”); nepax-es “daZineba”

(nepax “Zili” [mic.] + es-un “mosvla”)...

piris [da ricxvis] kategoriapiris [da ricxvis] kategoriapiris [da ricxvis] kategoriapiris [da ricxvis] kategoria

udiuri enisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia zmnis uRvlileba piris

mixedviT. sayuradReboa, rom iseve rogorc gardauval zmnasTan,

gardamaval zmnasTanac aRiniSneba mxolod subieqtis piri. am mxriv

udiurSi dasturdeba monaTesave enaTagan gansxvavebuli

mdgomareoba: ivaraudeba, rom iberiul-kavkasiur enebisaTvis,

rogorc klas-kategoriis, ise piris kategoriis TvalsazrisiT,

gardamavali zmnis formaSi pirveladi unda iyos obieqtis asaxva

[arn. Ciqobava]. amasTan, aRsniSnavia, rom yvela iberiul-kavkasiur

enaSi, sadac ganviTarda pirovani uRvlileba (Tabasaranuli ena

[samxruli kilo], qarTveluri enebi, Cerqezuli enebi da ubixuri),

124

gardamaval zmnasTan aRiniSneba rogorc subieqtis, ise realuri

obieqtis piri, xolo im enebSi, sadac klasovani an klasovan-

pirovani uRvlileba gvaqvs (Tabasaranuli ena [Crdilouri kilo],

lakuri da darguuli enebi, bacburi ena) gardamaval zmnasTan

pirdapiri obieqtis klasi aRiniSneba.

zmnebis TiToeul jgufs udiurSi axasiaTebs piris niSanTa

sakuTari seriis yola. subieqtis piri zmnasTan (an, SesaZloa,

winadadebis sxva wevrebTanac; ix. qvemoT) aRiniSneba winadadebis

konstruqciis mixedviT, anu Tu romel brunvaSi moiTxovs zmna

masTan Sewyobil realur subieqts. udiurSi zmnas axasiaTebs piris

gamoxatvis samgvari sistema:

I jgufSi Sedis zmnebis absoluturi umravlesoba, esaa

gardauvali da gardamavali zmnebi, romelic moiTxoven subieqts

saxelobiT brunvasa da ergativSi.

II jgufs ganekuTvneba grZnoba-aRqmis semantikis gamomxatveli

zmnebi (verba sentiendi), romlebic moiTxoven subieqts micemiT

brunvaSi, Tumca dRes udiurSi, rogorc wesi, grZnoba-aRqmis zmnebis

subieqti ergativis formiT gvevlineba. bunebrivia, es meoreuli

movlenaa. nijurSi es procesi (micemiTis Secvla ergativiT)

dasrulebulia, xolo varTaSnulSi _ dasrulebis stadiaSia.

III jgufs ki erTi defeqturi zmna bu “yola”, “qona”

miekuTvneba (is mxolod awmyosa da namyo-uwyvetelis droebs

awarmoebs, xolo danarCen paradigmas baq-es “yofa”, “arseboba”

“gaxdoma” zmnis dro-kiloebi awarmoeben). es zmna subieqts

naTesaobiT brunvaSi moiTxovs (zmna bu “yofnis” mniSvnelobiT

gamoiyeneba, mag.: zu bubububu=zu “me var”. aseT SemTxvevaSi, aRniSnuli

zmna subieqts saxelobiT brunvaSi moiTxovs da Sesabamisad I

jgufSi Sedis).

gansxvavebuli viTareba dasturdeba nijis dialeqtSi.

varTaSnul kiloSi “qona”-“yolis” zmnisaTvis (varT. bu; nij. fu )

damaxasiaTebeli III (posesiuri; genetiuri) seriis piris niSnebi

Seicvala II (micemiTsubieqtiani) piris niSnebiT. varTaSnulSi

125

damowmebuli datiuri konstruqcia grZnoba-aRqmis zmnebTan nijurSi

Seicvala ergatiuliT da verba sentiendi zmnebi I seriis piris niSnebs

irTavs. maSasadame, erTi zmnis Cvenebas (fu “yola”, “qona”) Tu ar

miviRebT mxedvelobaSi, SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom nijurSi moxda

unifikacia piris aRniSvnis sistemebis.

miuxedavad amisa, unda aRiniSnos, rom uRvlilebis zogadi

principebi principulad msgavsad aris warmodgenili udiuri enis

orsave kiloSi. TiTqmis erTgvaradaa warmodgenili piris niSnebic.

gvxvdeba mcire, fonetikuri xasiaTis gansxvavebani.

piris niSnebi I-sa da II pirSi ueWvelad nacvalsaxeluri

warmoSobisaa. piris niSnebi zogjer fonetikur cvlilebebs

ganicdian, zogjer ki ucvlelad imeoreben I da II piris

nacvalsaxelTa formas.

rogorc aRiniSna, I jgufis zmnebi gramatikul subieqts

moiTxoven saxelobiTsa an ergativSi. amis miuxedavad, piris niSnebi

orive konstruqciasTan warmodgenilia erTnairad. gardamavali

zmnis subieqti udiurSi yovelTvis dasmulia ergatiul brunvaSi,

xolo gardauvali zmnis subieqti, iSviaTi gamonaklisebis garda _

saxelobiTSia.

zmnebis Izmnebis Izmnebis Izmnebis I jgufis (subieqti saxelobiTsa anjgufis (subieqti saxelobiTsa anjgufis (subieqti saxelobiTsa anjgufis (subieqti saxelobiTsa an ergativSi) piris niSnebi ergativSi) piris niSnebi ergativSi) piris niSnebi ergativSi) piris niSnebi

varTaSnul kiloSivarTaSnul kiloSivarTaSnul kiloSivarTaSnul kiloSi

piri mxolobiTi ricxvi mravlobiTi ricxvi

I p. =zuzuzuzu, =zzzz, > =su, =s ====ÁanÁanÁanÁan

II p. ====nunununu (=ru, =lu, =du, =tu)//

=nnnn (=r, =l, =d, =t)

====nannannannan (=ran, =lan, =dan, =tan)

III p. =nenenene (=re, =le, =de, =te) ====yunyunyunyun

SeniSvna: muqi feriT aRniSnulia ZiriTadi (gavrcelebuli)

piris niSnebi; danarCeni variaciebi miRebulia fonetikuri

cvlilebebis safuZvelze. reduqciis Sedegad miRebulia: =zuzuzuzu > =zzzz;

126

=nunununu > =nnnn; =nenenene > =eeee; formebi =su, =s winamaval an momdevno yru

TanxmovanTan asimilaciis Sedegad aris miRebuli: =zuzuzuzu > =susususu; =zzzz >

=ssss, mag.: Ta=zzzz=ci > Ta=ssss=ci “me wavedi”... Tu piris niSani iwyeba nnnn

TanxmovniT da moxvdeba winamavali fuZiseuli rrrr, llll, dddd, TTTT//tttt

Tanxmovnebis uSualo mezoblobaSi, igi srul regresul

asimilacias ganicdis da viRebT Semdeg formebs:

mxol. ricxvi II p. =nu > =ru, =lu, =du, =tu; =n > =r, =l, =d,

=t

III p. =ne > =re, =le, =de, =te

mxol. ricxvi II p. =nan > =ran, =lan, =dan, =tan

nominativ-ergativiani seriis piris niSnebi nijur kiloSic

warmodgenilia varTaSnuli dialeqtis msgavsad, Sdr.:

zmnebis Izmnebis Izmnebis Izmnebis I jgufis (subieqti saxelobiTsa anjgufis (subieqti saxelobiTsa anjgufis (subieqti saxelobiTsa anjgufis (subieqti saxelobiTsa an ergativSi) piris niSnebi ergativSi) piris niSnebi ergativSi) piris niSnebi ergativSi) piris niSnebi

nijur kiloSinijur kiloSinijur kiloSinijur kiloSi


I p. =zuzuzuzu, =ˆz, =uz, =zzzz > =s ====ÁanÁanÁanÁan

II p. ====nunununu, =nnnn, =ˆn, =un =nannannannan

III p. ====nenenene, =eeee =TTTTunununun

SeniSvna: SeiniSneba zogi Tavisebureba: Tu piris niSnis

darTvisas Tavs iyris ramdenime Tanxmovani, maSin Tanxmovnebs Soris

Cndeba Tanxmovangasayari -ˆ̂̂̂- > -uuuu- elementi: =zuzuzuzu > =zzzz > =ˆ̂̂̂zzzz//=uzuzuzuz;

varTaSnulSi gavrcelebuli regresiuli asimilacia nijurSi ar

dasturdeba; varTaSnulis mxoloobiTi ricxvis III piris ZiriTad

formants (=nenenene) nijurSi ori ZiriTadi formanti Seesatyviseba

(=nenenene//=eeee). amaTgan =nenenene formanti xmovniT dasrulebul fuZes

daerTvis, xolo =eeee _ TanxmovniT; mravlobiTi ricxvis III

127

pirisaTvis nijurSi dasturdeba sxva formanti, Sdr.: varT. =yunyunyunyun da

nij. =TTTTunununun.

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, udiurSi zmnebis absoluturi

umravlesoba misdevs saxelobiT-ergativiani uRvlilebis sistemas,

xolo micemiT-subieqtiani uRvlileba daaxloebiT TxuTmetiode

zmnas axasiaTebs. unda aRiniSnos, rom nijur kiloSi datiuri

konstruqcia amJamad ar aris warmodgenili, xolo varTaSnulSi igi

moSlis pirasaa misuli: dRes, rogorc wesi, verba sentiendi zmnebis

subieqti dasmulia ergatiul brunvaSi. aseT SemTxvevaSic ki zmna

inarCunebs micemiT-subieqtiani seriis piris niSnebs, rac gvaZlevs

kidec datiuri konstruqciis gamoyofis safuZvels varTaSnul

kiloSi.

zmnebis II jgufis (micemiTzmnebis II jgufis (micemiTzmnebis II jgufis (micemiTzmnebis II jgufis (micemiT----subieqtiani) piris niSnebi varTaSnul subieqtiani) piris niSnebi varTaSnul subieqtiani) piris niSnebi varTaSnul subieqtiani) piris niSnebi varTaSnul

kiloSikiloSikiloSikiloSi


I p. =zazazaza, =zaxzaxzaxzax, =z ====ÁaÁaÁaÁa, =ÁaxÁaxÁaxÁax

II p. =vavavava, =vaxvaxvaxvax, =v ====vavavavaˤ, =vaxvaxvaxvaxˤ, =va-nan

III p. ====tutututu, =tuxtuxtuxtux =yoyoyoyo, =yoxyoxyoxyox

SeniSvna: micemiT-subieqtiani zmnebis I da II piris niSnebi

warmoadgens saTanado nacvalsaxelTa micemiTi brunvis formas;

mxoloobiTSi III pirisaTvis gamoyenebulia =tutututu formanti, romelic

determinativad gvxvdeba CvenebiT nacvalsaxelTa dativis formaSi,

Sdr.: Se-tutututu, Se-tuxtuxtuxtux. gasarkvevi rCeba =yoyoyoyo//=yoxyoxyoxyox piris niSanTa

sakiTxi; formebi =zzzz da =vvvv reduqciis Sedegadaa miRebuli: =zazazaza > =zzzz;

=vavavava > =vvvv; II piris niSani mravlobiTSi (=vaˤ), zogierT SemTxvevaSi

kargavs faringalizacias =vavavavaˤ > =vavavava. amis Sedegad, es forma

emsgavseba II piris niSans mxoloobiTSi. safiqrebelia, rom

gansxvavebis aRsadgenad mas damatebiT erTvis saxelobiT-

128

ergativiani seriis II piris aRmniSvneli klitika (mravlobiTi

ricxvis) =nannannannan, mag.: bu=vavavava=ysa > bu=vavavava=ysa > bu=vavavava=ysa=nannannannan

Tavisebur viTarebas gviCvenebs nijis dialeqti, sadac

micemiT-subieqtiani seriis piris niSnebi mxolod erT zmnasTan

SemogvrCa _ ffffuuuu “qona”, “yola”. sayuradReboa, rom aRniSnul

zmnasTan piris niSnebi, rogorc wesi, prefiqsur pozicias ikaveben,

mag.: zax=fu “me myavs”, “me maqvs”; vax=fu “Sen gyavs”, “Sen gaqvs”;

Tux=fu “imas yavs”, “imas aqvs” da a.S.

zmnebis II jgufis (micemiTzmnebis II jgufis (micemiTzmnebis II jgufis (micemiTzmnebis II jgufis (micemiT----subieqtiani) piris niSnebi nijur ksubieqtiani) piris niSnebi nijur ksubieqtiani) piris niSnebi nijur ksubieqtiani) piris niSnebi nijur kiiiiloSiloSiloSiloSi


I p. =zaxzaxzaxzax =ÁaxÁaxÁaxÁax

II p. =vaxvaxvaxvax =vaxvaxvaxvaxˤ

III p. =TTTTuxuxuxux =TTTTuxuxuxuxˤ, =TTTToxoxoxoxˤ, =TTTTooxooxooxooxˤ

miuxedavad imisa, rom piris niSnebi nijur kiloSi micemiTis

formiTaa warmodgenili (micemiT-subieqtian serias ganekuTvnebian),

qona-yolis zmnis realuri subieqti, varTaSnulis msgavsad, aqac

naTesaobiT brunvis formiTaa gadmocemuli, mag.: bezibezibezibezi koJ zaxzaxzaxzax=fu

“me (naT.) saxli maqvs”.

zmnebis III jgufis (naTesaobiTzmnebis III jgufis (naTesaobiTzmnebis III jgufis (naTesaobiTzmnebis III jgufis (naTesaobiT----subieqtiani) piris niSnebi subieqtiani) piris niSnebi subieqtiani) piris niSnebi subieqtiani) piris niSnebi

varTaSnul kiloSivarTaSnul kiloSivarTaSnul kiloSivarTaSnul kiloSi


I p. =bezbezbezbez =beSbeSbeSbeS

II p. =vivivivi =eeeeˤ††††

III p. =taÁtaÁtaÁtaÁ, =tatatata =yyyyˤoooo, =yoyoyoyo

129

SeniSvna: zmnis genetiuri (posesiuri) konstruqciis piris

niSnebi nijur kiloSi ar gvxvdeba.

samive seriis piris niSnebi, rogorc zemod aRiniSna,

geneturad ama Tu im brunvaSi dasmuli piris nacvalsaxelebia. es

TvalsaCino gaxdeba, Tu piris mawarmoeblebs Sesadareblad

saTanado piris nacvalsaxelTa brunvis formebs muvuyenebT, Sdr.:

piris nacvalsaxelTa bruneba udiur enaSipiris nacvalsaxelTa bruneba udiur enaSipiris nacvalsaxelTa bruneba udiur enaSipiris nacvalsaxelTa bruneba udiur enaSi

brunvebibrunvebibrunvebibrunvebi I piris II piris

mxoloobiTi mravlobiTi mxoloobiTi mravlobiTi

saxelobiTi

ergativi

zu

_

Áan

_

un//hun (nij.)

_

vaˤn//eˤ†an

vaˤn

naTesaobiTi bezi beSi vi eˤ†i

micemiTi za//zax Áa//Áax vax vaxˤ

sayuradReboa, rom kavkasiis albanurSi mogvepoveba III piris

aRmniSvneli enklitika mxoloobiTSi =n(e) [i. giperti, v. Sulce, z.

aleqsiZe, J.-p. mae]. es forma (ne) kavkasiis albanuSi, SesaZloa,

CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelic iyos.

aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom II piris niSanTa (=nu mxoloobiTSi da

=nan mravlobiTSi) nacvalsaxelur warmoSobas ukeT gviCvenebs

kavkasiis albanuri enis II piris nacvalsaxelebis forma, Sdr.: kavk.-

alb. nun “Sen”; nan “Tqven” da ud. un “Sen” da vaˤn//eˤ†an “Tqven”.

rogorc aRiniSna mravlobiT ricxvs sakuTari mawarmoebeli

ar gaaCnia. mravlobiTis pirveli da meore piris niSnebi saTanado

pirisa da ricxvis nacvalsaxelebs warmoadgenen.

III piris mravlobiTis =yunyunyunyun, =yoxyoxyoxyox//=yoyoyoyo, =yoÁyoÁyoÁyoÁ//=yoyoyoyo

mawarmoeblebis warmoSobis sakiTxi naTeli ar aris.

130

samecniero literaturaSi tradiciulad miiCneoda, rom udiur

enaSi, sxva iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa msgavsad, piris niSnebi afiqsebs

warmoadgenen. 90-iani wlebis miwuruls a. harisma axali

Tvalsazrisi warmogvidgina, romelic vrclad gaSuqda mis

monografiaSi “Endoclitics and the Origins of Udi Morphosyntax” (Oxford, 2002).

es Tvalsazrisi udiuri enis zogierTma Tanamedrove mkvlevermac

gaiziara (v. Sulce, t. maisaki...). a. harisis mosazrebis Tanaxmad,

udiuri enis piris niSnebi klitikebs warmoadgenen. garda piris

formantebisa, zmnis morfemaTagan aseTive kvalifikacia mieca

iusivis (kategoriul kilo an “nawilakovan-kavSirebiTi I” evg.

jeiraniSvilis mixedviT) da pirobiT-natvriTi kilos (“nawilakovan-

kavSirebiTi II” evg. jeiraniSvilis mixedviT)O=yayayaya da =gigigigi

mawarmoeblebs da namyos =ÁÁÁÁ mawarmoebelsac.

udiuri enaSi piris formantebis moqmedeba mTel rig

SemTxvevebSi uCveuloa afiqsTaTvis. piris niSnebi winadadebaSi

xSirad sxva metyvelebis nawilebs erTvis (arsebiTi saxeli,

zedsarTavi saxeli, nacvalsaxeli, zmnizeda, Tandebuli, nawilaki).

sayuradReboa, rom piris niSani SeiZleba sxva klitikas daerTos,

rac SeuZleblad miiCneva afiqsTaTvis1. aRsaniSnavia, rom, rogorc

wesi, sityvis leqsikuri mniSvneloba, romelsac daerTvis piris

niSani, ar ganicdis cvlilebas.

Tu winadadebaSi Semasmeneli ar imyofeba fokusSi, aseT

SemTxvevaSi piris niSani daerTvis ara predikats, aramed fokusSi

myof winadadebis wevrs2. kiTxviT winadadebebSi, magaliTad, es,

1 es SeiZleba iyos uaryofis aRmniSvneli klitikebi TeTeTeTe=, nunununu=, mamamama=; iusivisa an

pirobiT-natvriTi kilos mawarmoebeli klitikebi yayayaya= da gigigigi= (nijurSi ÁÁÁÁiiii----);

klitika =alalalal (qarTul -cccc nawilaks udris). piris niSnebi da aRniSnuli klitikebi

erTad adgenen proklitikur (mag.: TeTeTeTe=nenenene=besa “ar akeTebs”), enklitikur (mag.:

bal=TeTeTeTe=nenenene “ar gaakeTebs”) da endoklitikur (mag.: ba=TeTeTeTe=nenenene=qo “SesaZloa

(vinicobaa) iyos, gaxdes”) kompleqsebs. xSirad aseT kompleqsebSi SeiZleba sami

klitikac ki iyos gaerTianebuli, mag.: mamamama=yayayaya=nnnn=baqe “aucileblad ar viqnebodi,

gavxvdebodi”; u=alalalal=TeTeTeTe=nenenene=q-sa, u=alalalal=TeTeTeTe=nenenene=Rˤ-sa “ar SevWam kidec, ar davlev

kidec [arc SevWam da arc davlev]” da a.S. 2 fokusSi myofi winadadebis wevris (ara predikatis) piris niSniT markirebis

asaxsnelad gamoiTqva ori gansxvavebuli hipoTeza: a. harisis varaudiT,

131

rogorc wesi, kiTxvis gamomxatveli sityvebia (mag.: eka=nnnn besa “ras

akeTeb?”; =nnnn II piris niSania mxoloobiTSi da, am SemTxvevaSi, is

ueWvelad kiTxviT nacvalsaxels daerTvis. am SesityvebaSi piris

niSniT predikatis markireba iqneba gaumarTavi da araswori);

uaryofiT winadadebebSi piris niSani daerTvis uaryofis

gamomxatvel sityvebs (mag.: udin çliFba bu=TeTeTeTe=nenenene “udiuri anbani arararar

(+ 3 SG) arsebobsarsebobsarsebobsarsebobs”; uk-es TeTeTeTe=zzzz=baq-sa “Wama arararar (+ 1 SG) SemiZliaSemiZliaSemiZliaSemiZlia”);

winadadebebSi, romelic kiTxvaze pasuxs Seicavs, fokusSi moiqceva

is sityvebi, romlebic uSualod pasuxoben dasmul kiTxvas, mag.: Tu

udiurisaTvis istoriulad unda yofiliyo damaxasiaTebeli kleftis tipis winadadeba, anu iseTi rTuli winadadeba, romelSic mTavari nawili mTlianad

remas miekuTvneba, xolo damxmare _ Temas, mag.: ing. It is John who speaks “es joni

laparakobs [es aris joni, romelic laparakobs]”, an rus. Что касается меня, то я

ухожу... aRsaniSnavia, rom aseTi tipis winadadeba Zalze gavrcelebulia daRestnur

enebSi.

pirobiTad a. harisis mier navaraudebi konstruqcia udiurSi SegviZlia aseTi

saxiT gadmovceT:

xorag COP [PROX xunCi-muR-on h„zir-b-i]

saWsaWsaWsaWmelimelimelimeli arisarisarisaris eseseses dadadada_PL_ERG saWmlis momzadebasaWmlis momzadebasaWmlis momzadebasaWmlis momzadeba_LV_PTCP es saWmelia, romelic moamzades debma [zedmiw. saWmelia es debis (erg.)

momzadebuli]

SemdgomSi, a. harisis varaudiT, meSveli zmna (COP) dakargul iqna, xolo

rTuli winadadeba, romelic mTavari (es saWmelia) da damxmare (romelic

moamzades debma) Sesityvebebisagan Sedgeboda gardaiqmna martiv winadadebad.

damxmare zmnis dakargvis gamo Seicvala SeTanxmebis kontroliori _ am funqciiT

aRiWurva mTavari zmnis qvemdebare (debma) da ara meSveli zmnis subieqti, xolo

nacvalsaxeli, romelsac qvewyobili winadadeba Sehyavda, gardaiqmna piris

SemaTanxmebel elementad, romelic enklitikurad daerTvoda fokusSi mdgom

meSveli zmnis yofil subieqts, xolo gadalagebul winadadebaSi _ damatebas;

mTavari zmna mogvevlina dro-kiloiani da ara mimReobis formiT, ix. Tanamedrove

udiurisagan:

xunCi-muR-on xorag-ax=yun h„zir-b-esa

dadadada_PL_ERG saWmelisaWmelisaWmelisaWmeli_DAT=3 PL saWmlis momzadebasaWmlis momzadebasaWmlis momzadebasaWmlis momzadeba_LV_PRS debi (erg.) amzadeben saWmels

v. Sulces varaudiT ki, fokusis markireba specialuri niSniT (*-nininini) saerTo

lezgiurisaTvis unda yofiliyo damaxasiaTebeli. Tavdapirvelad *-nininini formanti

yvela pirTan Tanabrad gamoiyeneboda, xolo Semdgom, I piris konteqstSi, daiwyo

misi Secvla I piris nacvalsaxeliT. II da III piris formebi Camoyalibda

mogvianebiT, *-nininini formis fonetikuri gavleniT.

132

winaswar cnobili iyo, rom viRacam aiRo ori vaSli, winadadebaSi

“bavSvma aiRo ori vaSli” fokusSi moeqceva saxeli “bavSvi”,

rogorc naTqvamis momentSi araprognozirebadi da logikurad

auxsneli. Sesabamisad, piris niSani (=nenenene IIIPpiris formanti

mxoloobiTSi) am winadadebaSi daerTvis ara predikats (“aiRo”),

aramed subieqts (“bavSvi”):

„Áel-en=nenenene ay-e paˤ eSˤ-n-ux

bavSvi_ERG=III III III III SG aReba_PERF ori vaSli_O_DAT

bavSvma aiRo ori vaSli

Tu daismis kiTxva, ra aiRo bavSvma, an ramdeni vaSli aiRo

bavSma, Cven miviRebT, magaliTad, aseT pasuxs:

„Áel-en paˤ eSˤ=nenenene ay-e

bavSvi_ERG ori vaSli=III III III III SG aReba_PERF


Cveulebriv TxrobiT winadadebaSi ki es fraza aseT saxes

miiRebs:

„Áel-en paˤ eSˤ-n-ux a=ne=ne=ne=ne=y-e

bavSvi_ERG ori vaSli_O_DAT aReba=III III III III SG=ST_PERF


piris niSani daerTvis agreTve im sityvebs, romlis gamoyofa

mTxrobelis surviliT xdeba da romelic gamonaTqvamis ZiriTad

azrs gamoxatavs, mag.:

Áan sa qala çÁz-e=ÁanÁanÁanÁan baqsa “Cven erT did sofelSisofelSisofelSisofelSi (+ 1 PL)

vcxovrobT”;

çÁWa zu Tbilisi-n-a=zzzz TaÁsa “me xval TbilisSiTbilisSiTbilisSiTbilisSi (+ 1SG)

133

mivdivar”;

ba=ne=qe, Te=ne=baqe, sa iSu-Cubux=nenenene baqe “iyo da ara iyo ra,

iyo erTi colcolcolcol-qmariqmariqmariqmari (+ 3 SG)”...

aqedan gamomdinare, unda davaskvnaT, rom sintaqsuri

urTierTobebi uSualod moqmedebs piris niSanTa ganawilebaze.1

fokusSi myofi sityva, Tu winadadebaSi gvaqvs Semasmeneli,

rogorc wesi, Semasmenelia an Semasmenels uswrebs.

zmnaSic piris niSans ar aqvs Camoyalibebuli pozicia. erTsa

da imave zmnur formaSi, erTi da igive piris formanti SeiZleba

imyofebodes sxvadasxva poziciaSi: statikur zmnebSi piris niSani,

rogorc wesi, postfiqsur pozicias ikavebs, mag.: bu=nenenene “aris”;

arci=nenenene “zis”; Curfi=nenenene “dgas”; baski=nenenene “wevs”; arci=Te=nenenene “ar zis”

(+ 3SG) ...

gardamaval da gardauval dinamikur zmnebTan piris niSani

gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva adgilas, mag.: ba=nenenene=qsa, baqsa=nenenene “aris

xolme”, “arsebobs”, “xdeba”, Te=nenenene=baqsa “ar aris xolme...”; e=nenenene=sa,

esa=nenenene “modis”, Te=nenenene=esa “ar modis”; aS=nenenene=b[e]sa, aS-besa=nenenene

“muSaobs”, Te=nenenene=aS-besa “ar muSaobs”...

zogjer piris niSnis poziciis SecvliT sityvis gramatikuli

mniSvnelobac icvleba, mag.: bo=nenenene=xsa “xarSavs” _ box=nenenene=sa

“ixarSeba”; bi=nenenene=xsa “Sobs”, “badebs” _ bix=nenenene=sa “ibadeba”...

rodesac piris niSani fuZis momdevno poziciaze imyofeba, is,

1 pirdapiri obieqtis brunvis forma aseve nawilobriv aris damokidebuli

sintaqsur urTierTobebze. cnobilia, rom pirdapiri obieqti udiurSi micemiTi an

saxelobiTi brunvis formebiT aris gadmocemuli. Tu pirdapiri damateba

Semasmenels misdevs, maSin is fakultaturad iyenebs micemiTisa da saxelobiTis

formebs (Tumca micemiTi Warbobs). Tu pirdapiri damateba Semasmenels win

uswrebs, aseT SemTxvevaSi, gamoTqmis momentSi ucnobi, ganusazRvreli nominativis

formiT iqneba warmodgenili, xolo cnobili, gansazRvruli _ dativiT.

ganusazRvreli, naTqvamis momentSi ucnobi saxeli, rogorc wesi, fokusSi

moeqceva (anu fokusSi myofi uaxloesi obieqti saxelobiTSi gveqneba), magram

aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac Semasmenlis win mdgari da fokusSi myofi pirdapiri

obieqti micemiTis formiT iyos warmodgenili.

134

rogorc wesi, bolokidur elementad gvevlineba1, anda, iSviaTad

SeiZleba imyofebodes zmnuri fuZis Semdeg, magram win uswrebdes

romelime mawarmoebels, mag.: bix=nenenene=sa “ibadeba”, box=nenenene=sa

“ixarSeba”2.

prefiqsur (fuZis wina) poziciaze yofnisas piris niSani zmnis

absolutur dasawyisSi ar gvxvdeba: igi ueWvelad unda misdevdes

sxva Tavkidur morfemas (rogorc wesi, es aris zmnaSi uaryofis

gamomxatveli elementebi: TeTeTeTe=, mamamama=, nunununu=).

yvela rTuli agebulebis zmnaSi piris niSani SeiZleba

interfiqsur poziciaSi imyofebodes: is arauRvlilebad fuZesa da

meSvel zmnas Sorisaa, anu komponentebs Sua ikavebs adgils, mag.: aS-

b-es “muSaoba” (aS “saqme” + b-es “keTeba”) _ aS=nenenene=b[e]sa “muSaobs”;

azaru-baq-es “avad gaxdoma” (azaru “avdmyofi”, “sneuli” + baq-es

“yofa”, “arseboba”, “gaxdoma”) _ azaru=nenenene=baqsa “avad xdeba”,

“avaddeba”...

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, piris niSani martivi agebulebis

zmnebSic gvevlineba infiqsur poziciaSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi, igi

fuZis bolo Tanxmovnis win ikavebs adgils anu zmnur fuZes xleCs,

mag.: baqbaqbaqbaq-es “yofa”, “arseboba”, “gaxdoma” _ babababa=ne=qqqq-sa “aris xolme”,

“xdeba” (+ 3 SG); bixbixbixbix-es “Soba”, “dabadeba” _ bibibibi=ne=xxxx-sa “Sobs”,

“badebs”; uuuu=ne=qqqq-esa, uuuu=ne=RRRRˤ-esa “Wams, svams”, Sdr.: uquququq-es “Wama”; uRuRuRuRˤ-

1 zogierT dro-kilosTan piris niSnis postfiqsuri ganlageba aucilebelia:

aseT dro-kiloTa ricxvs ganekuTvneba: myofadi ZiriTadi da misgan nawarmoebi

myofadi aucileblobiTi, myofadi nawilakovani, namyo-myofadi ZiriTadi, namyo-

myofadi aucileblobiTi da agreTve koniunqtivi, namyos koniunqtivi da

brZanebiTi kilo (imperativi). 2 piris niSanTa aRniSnuli ganlageba udiur enaSi ewinaaRmdegeba erT-erT

e.w. universalias. samecniero literaturaSi gamoiTqva mosazreba, rom klitikas

SeuZlebelia misdevdes romelime afiqsi. Tu udiuri enis piris niSnebs

klitikebad miviCnevT, rac, Cveni azriT, sakmaod damajerebelia, aseT SemTxvevaSi

saxeze gvaqvs friad saintereso viTereba: warmodgenil magaliTebSi, piris niSans

misdevs awmyos mawarmoebeli -sasasasa [< -esaesaesaesa], romelic diaqroniul doneze SeiZleba

davyoT martiv-mawarmoebliani masdaris sufiqssa (-ssss < -eseseses) da uSualod prezensis

mawarmoebelze (-aaaa). moyvanil leqsemebSi piris niSans SeiZleba misdevdes sxva

dro-kiloTa mawarmoeblebi, romelTa kvalifikacia rogorc afiqsebis _ eWvs ar

iwvevs.

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es “sma”... safiqrebelia, rom zogierT zmnur leqsemaSi, piris niSani

zmnis istoriuli Ziris SigniTac ki gvxvdeba. aseT leqsemaTa

ricxvs ganekuTvneba: akakakak-es “naxva”, “danaxva”, “gamoCena”; ayayayay=es “aReba”;

eeee††††-es “Senaxva”; eseseses-un “mosvla”; Sdr.: aaaa=tu=kkkk-sa “xedavs”, “dainaxavs”,

“gamoCndeba” (+ 3 SG); aaaa=ne=yyyy-sa “iRebs”; eeee=ne=††††-esa “inaxavs”; eeee=ne=ssss-a

“modis” (ukanasknel zmnas, safiqrebelia, rom dakarguli aqvs

Ziriseuli Tanxmovani ÁÁÁÁ < *RRRR da misi fuZe martiv-mawarmoebliani

masdaris sufiqsis formas emTxveva).

martivi agebulebis zmnebis umravlesobas moepoveba piris

niSnisaTvis infiqsuri pozicia. gamonaklisia zmnebi bbbb-es “keTeba” da

ffff-es “Tqma”, romelTa fuZec calkeuli Tanxmovnisagan Sedgeba da

kidev ori zmna: bubububu “yofna”, “qona”, “yola” da bibibibi[ÁÁÁÁ]-es “mokvdoma”.

Tu udiur enaSi piris niSnebs klitikebad miviCnevT, aseT

SemTxvevaSi saxeze gvaqvs unikaluri viTareba: msoflios

Seswavlil enaTagan arsad ar aris damowmebuli endoklitika, anu

iseTi klitika, romelic erTiani sityvaformis, an, miT ufro,

morfemis SigniT gvxvdeba. zogierT SemTxvevaSi, piris niSani zmnis

istoriul Zirsac ki xleCs (ix. zemoT).

udiur enaSi piris formantTa endoklitikebad Camoyalibebis

asaxsnelad a. harisma gamoiTqva ori hipoTeza. pirvelis Tanaxmad,

saxelisa da zmnisagan Semdgar SesityvebaTa Serwymis Sedegad

udiurSi gamxorcielda piris niSanTa “garSemortymis” (“ trapping”)

procesi. a. harisis azriT, es procesi Semdeg etapebs moicavda:

Semasmenelisa da mis win mdgomi piris niSniT markirebuli

damatebisagan Semdgari fokusuri konstruqciebi ganicdida

leqsikologizacias da gvaZlevda idiomaturi Sinaarsis

Sesityvebebs, romelic morfologizaciis Sedegad yalibdeboda

rTuli agebulebis zmnebad. am procesis gamo, piris niSnebi

aRmoCenil iqna erTiani sityvis SigniT, damxmare zmnasa da

inkorporirebul saxels Sua.

136

am hipoTezis safuZvelze a. harisi cdilobs martivi agebulebis

zmnebSi piris niSanTa intramorfemuli poziciis warmoqmnis axsnas.

mkvlevris varaudiT, am SemTxvevaSi piris niSnebi ki ar

Camoyalibdnen am poziciaze, rogorc rTuli agebulebis zmnebSi,

aramed moxda maT mier TandaTanobiT am poziciis dakaveba.

gamomdinare iqidan, rom udiur enaSi meSveli zmnebis umravlesoba

(bbbb-es “keTeba”; ffff-es “Tqma”; dddd-es _ calke aRebuls ar gaaCnia

damoukidebeli leqsikuri mniSvneloba da sxva) calkeuli

Tanxmovnisagan Sedgeba, pozicia fuZis bolo Tanxmovnis win aRqmul

iqna rogorc piris niSnis adgili. amis Sedegad, piris niSnebma,

analogiiT, martivi agebulebis zmnebSic daikaves infiqsuri

pozicia.

a. harisma warmogvidgina alternatiuli varaudic, romlis

Tanaxmad piris niSnebs yvela pozicia klasifikatorebisagan

memkvidreobiT ergoT: klasovani uRvlilebis moSlis Semdeg,

klasis eqsponentTa nawili daikarga, magram maTi adgili daikaves

axladwarmoqmnilma piris niSnebma.

samecniero literaturaSi ar iyo ganxiluli klasovan-pirovani

uRvlilebis funqcionirebis SesaZlebloba. am varaudis

sasargeblod metyvelebs: udiur enaSi martivi zmnebis

umravlesobas fuZeSi SeiZleba gamoeyos gramatikuli klas-

kategoriis gaqvavebuli eqsponenti (bbbb-, babababa-, bebebebe-, bibibibi-, bobobobo-, boboboboˤ-, bubububu-, bubububuˤ-,

dddd-, dudududu-, uuuu- [< *vuvuvuvu-], uuuuˤ- [< *vuvuvuvuˤ-]...), romlis Semdegac fiqsirdeba piris

niSanTa infiqsuri pozicia. warmodgenili klasovani prefiqsebi

zmnis ZirTan sinqronul doneze erT morfemas warmoadgenen, Tumca

maTi gamoyofa monaTesave enebis monacemTa gamoyenebiT xerxdeba,

mag.: ud. baqbaqbaqbaq-es “yofa”, “arseboba”, “gaxdoma”; babababa=ne=qqqq-sa “aris”,

“arsebobs”, “xdeba” (+ 3SG); Sdr.: ruT. ÁiÁiÁiÁi-qqqq-is//riririri-qqqq-is//vivivivi-qqqq-is//didididi-qqqq-is

“yofna” [gramatikuli klasebis mixedviT]; arC. vivivivi-qqqq-ir//didididi-qqqq-ir//bibibibi-qqqq-

ir//iiii-qqqq-ir “yofna”; wax. ˆ̂̂̂xxxx½½½½-aÁ//ÁiÁiÁiÁi-xxxx½½½½-aÁ//vuvuvuvu-xxxx½½½½-aÁ “yofna”;

137

ud. bixbixbixbix-es “Soba”, “dabadeba”; bibibibi=ne=xxxx-sa “Sobs”, “badebs” (+ 3SG);

Sdr.: ruT. ÁuÁuÁuÁu-xxxx-ˆn//rurururu-xxxx-ˆn//vuvuvuvu-xxxx-ˆn “Soba”, “dabadeba” [gramatikuli

klasebis mixedviT]; wax. uuuu-xxxx-i//ÁuÁuÁuÁu-xxxx-i//vuvuvuvu-xxxx-i “id”; Sdr. agreTve: lezg.

xxxx-un “id”;

ud. bokbokbokbok-es “wva”; bobobobo=ne=kkkk-sa “iwvis” (+ 3SG); Sdr.: arC. uuuu-kkkk ´́́́-as//dodododo-

kkkk ´́́́-as//bobobobo-kkkk ´́́́-as “wva” [gramatikuli klasebis mixedviT];

ud. duRduRduRduR-es “rtymeva”, “dartyma”; dudududu=ne=RRRR-sa “urtyams” (+ 3SG);

Sdr.: ruT. ÁÁÁÁˆ̂̂̂-xxxx-ˆn//rrrrˆ̂̂̂rrrr-xxxx-ˆn//vvvvˆ̂̂̂rrrr-xxxx-ˆn “rtymeva” [gramatikuli klasebis

mixedviT]; Tab. uuuu-xxxx-uz//ÁuÁuÁuÁu-xxxx-uz “dartyma”; Sdr. agreTve: xunZ. vuvuvuvu-xxxx-

ize//ÁuÁuÁuÁu-xxxx-ize//bubububu-xxxx-ize//rurururu-xxxx-ize “cema”...

eWvi gvepareba, rom piris niSnebs klasovani uRvlilebis

moSlis da, Sesabamisad, klasovani prefiqsisa da zmnuri Ziris

(diaqroniul doneze _ fuZis) erT fuZed Camoyalibebis Semdeg

daekavebinaT intramorfemuli pozicia. amasTan erTad,

sayuradReboa, rom piris niSnebi Tavkidur poziciaSi (absolutur

anlautSi) ar gvxvdeba, rac aseve uaryofs klasifikatorTa piris

niSnebiT Canacvlebis hipoTezas. Tu piris niSani prefiqsur

poziciaze imyofeba, is, ueWvelad, sxva romelime morfemas unda

misdevdes, arada klasifikatorTa Tavkiduri ganlageba yvelaze

gavrcelebulia iberiul-kavkasiur enebSi da, maT Soris,

daRestnursa da lezgiur enebSi.

sayuradReboa, rom udiurSi piris niSnebiT gamoixateba mxolod

subieqtis piri, maSin rodesac pirdapiri obieqtis aRniSvna unda

iyos pirveladi yvela iberiul-kavkasiuri enisaTvis [arn. Ciqobava].

amis axsna SesaZlebelia, Tu davuSvebT, rom klasovani

uRvlilebidan pirovan uRvlilebamde udiurma gaiara klasovan-

pirovani uRvlilebis safexuri, romelic obieqtis klasisa da

subieqtis piris aRniSvnas gulisxmobda (rogorc es aris yvela

iberiul-kavkasiur enaSi, sadac klasovan-pirovani uRvlileba

gvaqvs). gramatikuli klas-kategoriis moSlis Semdeg obieqturi

pirovani uRvlileba, gansxvavebiT, magaliTad, qarTveluri da

138

adiRuri enebisagan, udiurSi, safiqrebelia, rom garSemomyof

aramonaTesave enaTa gavlenis gamo ar warmoiqmna.

Cveni azriT, piris niSnebi yalibdeboda ara intramorfemul

(klasovani prefiqsisa da zmnis Ziris Soris) poziciaze, aramed

TandaTanobiT xdeboda maT mier am poziciis dakaveba. Cveni

varaudiT, Tavdapirvelad piris niSani enklitikurad erTvoda

zmnas, xolo mis mier infiqsuri (//interfiqsuri) poziciis dakaveba

gamowveuli unda yofiliyo sxvadasxva sintaqsuri da

morfologiuri procesebiT (kauzativisa an dekauzativis warmoeba;

gansazRvruloba-ganusazRvrelobis gamoxatva), romlis reliqtebi

Semonaxuli unda iyos Tanamedrove udiur enaSi, ase, magaliTad,

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, zogjer piris niSnis poziciis SecvliT

sityvis gramatikuli mniSvnelobac icvleba: bo=nenenene=xsa “xarSavs” _

box=nenenene=sa “ixarSeba”; bi=nenenene=xsa “Sobs”, “badebs” _ bix=nenenene=sa

“ibadeba”... am magaliTebSi, piris niSnis poziciis SecvliT xdeba

dekauzativis warmoeba.

gamomdinare iqidan, rom udiur enaSi zmnuri Zirebisa da

meSveli zmnebis umravlesoba calkeuli Tanxmovnisagan Sedgeba,

pozicia fuZis bolo Tanxmovnis win (rTul zmnebSi _ meore

ingredientis win) aRqmul iqna rogorc piris niSnis adgili. amis

Sedegad, analogiiT, piris niSnebma yvela kompozitur zmnaSi

daikaves interfiqsuri pozicia, xolo iseT martiv zmnebSi,

rogoricaa: ak-es “xedva”, ay-es “aReba”, “ayvana”, “yidva”, es-un

“mosvla”, e†-es “Senaxva”... _ infiqsuri pozicia, Sdr.: a=tu=k-sa

“xedavs”, a=ne=y-sa “iRebs”, “iyvans”, “yidulobs”, e=ne=s-a “modis”,

e=ne=†e-sa “inaxavs” (moyvanil leqsemebSi ar gamoiyofa gaqvavebuli

klasovani prefiqsi).

Cveni azriT, warmodgenili mosazreba ar ewinaaRmdegeba sxva

ramdenime hipoTezas, mag.: a. harisis mier gamoTqmul piris niSanTa

“garSemortymis” hipoTezas. amasTan erTad, unda aRiniSnos, rom

SeuZlebelia, daveTanxmoT mis mier gamoTqmul gramatikuli klas-

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kategoriis formantTa poziciis Canacvlebis (e.w. memkvidreobiTi

poziciis) hipoTezas. Cveni azriT, “endoklizisis” (piris niSanTa

mier zmnuri fuZeebis gaxleCis) movlena aixsneba mxolod klasisa

da piris formantTa paraleluri funqcionirebiT da ara

klasifikatorebis ubralo CanacvlebiT piris niSnebiT.

drodrodrodro----kiloTa sistemakiloTa sistemakiloTa sistemakiloTa sistema

udiuri zmnis dro-kiloTa warmoebis ZiriTadi principebia:

dro-kiloTa warmoeba xdeba sufiqsebisa da klitikebis

meSveobiT; klitikTa meSveobiT iwarmoeba:

iusivi (kategoriul kilo an “nawilakovan-kavSirebiTi I” evg.

jeiraniSvilis mixedviT) _ yayayaya= klitika awarmoebs;

pirobiT-natvriTi kilo (“nawilakovan-kavSirebiTi II” evg.

jeiraniSvilis mixedviT) _ gigigigi= klitika (nijurSi =ÁiÁiÁiÁi) awarmoebs;

namyo drois aRmniSvneli ramdenime forma _ =ÁÁÁÁ klitikis

darTviT iwarmoeba;

myofadi nawilakovani da II koniunqtivi =alalalal klitikis

meSveobiT iwarmoeba.

yayayaya= da gigigigi= mawarmoeblebi SesaZloa infiqsurs (an

interfiqsurs), prefiqsursa da postfiqsur poziciebzec

imyofebodes, namyo droebis mawarmoebeli =ÁÁÁÁ da =alalalal klitika

zmnaSi postfiqsur poziciaze gvxvdeba, Tumca iSviatad =alalalal

klitika SeiZleba infiqsur (interfiqsur) poziciazec Segvxvdes.

oTxive mawarmoebeli klitika SesaZlebelia, rom sxva metyvelebis

nawilebsac daerTos.

amosavals dro-kiloTa warmoebisaTvis warmoadgens martivi

(pirveladi, neitraluri) fuZe. uSualod masze dayrdnobiT

iwarmoeba pirvelad finitur formaTa mozrdili nawili.

sawarmoebeli (sayrdeni) fuZis mixedviT udiuriSi dro-kiloiani

formebi SegviZlia davyoT oTx jgufad, esenia:

martiv-mawarmoeblian masdaris formaze dayrdnobiT

140

nawarmoebi zmnuri formebi: awmyo; imperfeqti;

martiv fuZeze dayrdnobiT nawarmoebi zmnuri formebi:

perfeqti; pluskvamfperfeqti; perfeqtis formaze dayrdnobiT

nawarmoebi iusivi; perfeqtis formaze dayrdnobiT nawarmoebi

pirobiT-natvriTi kilo (es forma mxolod varTaSnulSi gvxvdeba);

myofadi potenciuri; namyo-myofadi potenciuri; II koniunqtivi (es

forma mxolod varTaSnulSia gavrcelebuli); imperativi;

koniunqtivi, namyos koniunqtivi, kondicionali; (es forma mxolod

nijur kiloSi gvxvdeba);

gamoyenebuli mawarmoeblebis mixedviT es jgufi SegviZlia

davyoT dro-kiloTa sam qvejgufad:

zmnuri fuZe + -eeee mawarmoebeli: perfeqti; pluskvamfperfeqti;

perfeqtis formaze dayrdnobiT nawarmoebi iusivi; perfeqtis

formaze dayrdnobiT nawarmoebi pirobiT-natvriTi kilo;

zmnuri fuZe + -oooo mawarmoebeli: myofadi potenciuri; namyo-

myofadi potenciuri; II koniunqtivi;

zmnuri fuZe + -aaaa mawarmoebeli: imperativi; koniunqtivi; namyos

koniunqtivi; kondicionali.

sruli saxis mimReobis formaze dayrdnobiT

nawarmoebi formebi: aoristi; II perfeqti; aoristis formaze

dayrdnobiT nawarmoebi iusivi; aoristis formaze dayrdnobiT

nawarmoebi pirobiT-natvriTi kilo (es forma mxolod

varTaSnulisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli); II plukvamperfeqti;

kontrafaqtivi (orive forma mxolod nijur kiloSia

gavrcelebuli);

usruli saxis mimReobis formaze dayrdnobiT

nawarmoebi formebi: myofadi ZiriTadi; namyo-myofadi ZiriTadi;

myofadi aucileblobiTi; namyo-myofadi aucileblobiTi; myofadi

nawilakovani (ukanaskneli forma mxolod varTaSnilisTvisaa

damaxasiaTebeli);

sxvagvari klasifikaciiT dro-kiloebi udiur enaSi SeiZleba

davyoT pirvelad da meorad formemad: pirveladi formebia _

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uSualod zmnis fuZeze, sruli da usruli saxis mimReobebsa da

martiv-mawarmoebliani masdaris formaze dayrdnobiT nawarmoebi

formebia, xolo meoradi _ pirveladi formebisagan nawarmoebi dro-

kiloebi. meoradi formebi klitikebis meSveobiT iwarmoeba (yayayaya=, gigigigi=

[nij. ÁiÁiÁiÁi-], =ÁÁÁÁ, =alalalal) da, rogorc wesi, namyo drois, iusivis, pirobiT-

natvriTi kilosa da ori drois mijnaze ganviTarebul moqmedebaTa

aRmniSvnel (namyo-myofadi an myofadi namyoSi) formebs warmoadgens.

pirvelad (aranawarmoeb) formebs ganekuTvneba: awmyo;

perfeqti; aoristi; II perfeqti; myofadi ZiriTadi; myofadi

aucileblobiTi; myofadi potenciuri; koniunqtivi; imperativi;

meorad (nawarmoeb) formebs ganekuTvneba: imperfeqti;

pluskvamperfeqti; perfeqtis formaze dayrdnobiT nawarmoebi

iusivi; perfeqtis formaze dayrdnobiT nawarmoebi pirobiT-natvriTi

kilo; aoristis formaze dayrdnobiT nawarmoebi iusivi; aoristis

formaze dayrdnobiT nawarmoebi pirobiT-natvriTi kilo; II

plukvamperfeqti; kondicionali; kontrafaqtivi; namyo-myofadi

ZiriTadi; namyo-myofadi aucileblobiTi; namyo-myofadi potenciuri;

myofadi nawilakovani; namyos koniunqtivi; II koniunqtivi.

SeniSvna: udiuris Sesaxeb specialur literaturaSi dro-

kiloTa sxvagvari dayofa aris miRebuli. vl. fanCviZe da evg.

jeiraniSvili zmnur fuZeTa modelebisa da struqturis

xasiaTis mixedviT finitur konstruqciebs sam jgufad

hyofdnen:

I jgufSi “infinitiv-masdarisagan” (masdari I; martiv-

mawarmoebliani masdari) nawarmoebi formebi Sedioda (awmyo

da namyo-uwyveteli);

II jgufSi mimReobisagan nawarmoebi formebi;

III jgufSi uSualod zmnis fuZeze dayrdnobiT nawarmoebi

formebi Sedioda.

Cven viziarebT aRniSnul klasifikacias im SeniSvniT, rom

mimReobisagan nawarmoeb formebs vyofT or jgufad,

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gamomdinare iqidan, rom sayrdeni fuZis TvalsazrisiT am or

jgufs araferi aqvs saerTo rogorc sinqronul doneze, ise

diaqroniulad, esenia: sruli saxis mimReobis formaze

dayrdnobiT nawarmoebi formebi (mawarmoebeli -iiii) da usruli

saxis mimReobis formaze dayrdnobiT nawarmoebi formebi

(mawarmoeblebi -alalalal da -alaalaalaala);

sxvagvar klasifikacias iyeneben Tanamedrove ucxoeli

mkvlevrebi _ a. harisi, v. Sulce, t. maisaki. es klasifikacia

metwilad areregularuli zmnebis Cvenebas eyrdnoba da

udiuri enis zmnis finitur da infinitur formebs oTx

jgufad hyofs:

I jgufSi sruli saxis mimReobisagan nawarmoebi formebi

Sedis;

II jgufSi _ “infinitivis” (martiv-mawarmoeblian masdari)

formaze dayrdnobiT nawarmoebi formebi (prezensi da

imperfeqti);

III jgufSi _ mxolod imperativi, anu brZanebiTi kilo Sedis;

IV jgufSi _ usruli saxis mimReobisagan nawarmoebi formebi.

miuxedavad imisa, rom aRniSnuli klasifikacia diaqroniuli

movlenebis asaxvasac cdilobs, mainc ver gaviziarebT

perfeqtisa da misgan nawarmoebi formebis (pluskvamperfeqti;

perfeqtis formaze dayrdnobiT nawarmoebi iusivi; perfeqtis

formaze dayrdnobiT nawarmoebi pirobiT-natvriTi kilo)

Seyvanas sruli saxis mimReobisagan nawarmoebi formebis (I)

jgufSi, maSin rodesac -iiii mawarmoebeli (sruli saxis

mimReobas awarmoebs) istoriuladac ar unda yofiliyo

damaxasiaTebeli perfeqtis formisaTvis.

amis garda, diaqroniuli TvalsazrisiTac gaugebaria myofadi

potenciurisa da misgan nawarmoebi formebis (namyo-myofadi

potenciuri; II koniunqtivi) Seyvena IV (usruli saxis

mimReobisagan nawarmoebi formebis) jgufSi. Cveni azriT,

sinqronuli TvalsazrisiT gaumarTlebelia -aaaa mawarmoebliani

143

qvejgufis (imperativi; koniunqtivi, namyos koniunqtivi,

kondicionali) Seyvana imave (IV) jgufSi.

-aaaa mawarmoebliani qvejgufis zmnebs Tu SevadarebT,

imperativis forma ramdenime araregularul zmnur

leqsemasTan gansxvavebul sawarmoebel fuZes gviCvenebs,

esenia: zmna f-es “Tqma” da misgan nawarmoebi rTuli

agebulebis zmnebi da zmna ec-es (moZraobis aRmniSvneli

defeqturi zmna) da misgan nawarmoebi eqvsi istoriulad

prefiqsiani forma da rTuli agebulebis zmnebi, Sdr.: ffff-es

“Tqma” _ ufufufuf-a “Tqvi!”; Ta-[ÁÁÁÁ]-es “wasvla”, Ta-cccc-i “wavida” _ Ta-qqqq-

i “wadi!”; ba-[ÁÁÁÁ]-es “asvla”, ba-cccc-i “Sedis” _ ba-qqqq-i “Sedi!”; gam-

ecececec-es “Tboba” _ gam-eqeqeqeq-i “gaTbi!” da a.S. anu, faqtobrivad, ori

zmnis Cvenebas (f-es “Tqma” da ec-es) Tu ar miviRebT

mxedvelobaSi, safuZvels moklebulia imperativis gamoyofa

calke jgufad.

zmnaTa umetesoba dro-kiloTa paradigmas erTiani fuZis

principiT awarmoebs. gamonakliss warmoadgens ramdenime moZraobis

an moZraobis kauzaciis aRmniSvneli zmna da leqsemebi ffff-es “Tqma”,

uquququq-es “Wama” da bibibibi[ÁÁÁÁ]-es “mokvdoma”. dasaxelebuli zmnebis dro-

kiloTa paradigma warmodgenilia ramdenime (oridan-oTxamde)

supleturi fuZeebiT. jamSi, martivi agebulebis araregularuli

zmnebis raodenoba or aTeuls ar aRemateba, ix.:

araregularuli martivararegularuli martivararegularuli martivararegularuli martiv----mawarmoebliani zmnebimawarmoebliani zmnebimawarmoebliani zmnebimawarmoebliani zmnebi

leqsemebileqsemebileqsemebileqsemebi aoristiaoristiaoristiaoristi masdarimasdarimasdarimasdari inperativiinperativiinperativiinperativi myofadi Imyofadi Imyofadi Imyofadi I

“wasvla” Tac-i Ta[Á]-es Taq-i TaR-al

“Sesvla” bac-i ba[Á]-es baq-i baR-al

“asvla” lac-i la[Á]-es laq-i laR-al

“mosvla” ar-i e[Á]-es eq-i eR-al

144

“gasvla” Wer-i We[Á]-es Weq-i WeR-al

“Casvla” Cir-i Ci[Á]-es Ciq-i CiR-al

“waReba” TaSer-i TaS-es TaS-a TaS-al

“motana” eCer-i eC-es eC-a eC-al

“amoReba” CiCer-i CiC-es CiC-a CiC-al

“adgoma” aÁzer-i aÁz-es aÁz-a aÁz-al

“sirbili” titer-i tit-es tit-a tit-al

“mokvdoma” pur-i bi[Á]-es biÁ-a biÁ-al

“Wama” qçÁ-i uq-es uq-a uq-al

“Tqma” f-i f-es

[awmyo: ex//e]

uf-a uk-al

gacilebiT didia rTuli agebulebis araregularuli zmnebis

raodenoba (daaxl. 100-s Seadgens). es gamowveulia zmnur

kompozitebSi meSveli zmnebis f-es “Tqma” da ec-es (safiqrebelia,

rom moZraobis aRmniSvneli defeqturi zmnaa) xSiri gamoyenebiT.

araregularuli rTulmawarmoebliani zmnebiararegularuli rTulmawarmoebliani zmnebiararegularuli rTulmawarmoebliani zmnebiararegularuli rTulmawarmoebliani zmnebi

leqsemebileqsemebileqsemebileqsemebi aoristiaoristiaoristiaoristi masdarimasdarimasdarimasdari awmyoawmyoawmyoawmyo inperativiinperativiinperativiinperativi myofadi Imyofadi Imyofadi Imyofadi I

“Tboba” gam-ec-i gam-ec-es gam-e-s-a gam-eq-i gam-eR-al

“tirili” oˤne-f-i oˤne-f-es oˤne-ne oˤne-f-a oˤne-k-al

“kiTxva” kal-f-i kal-f-es kal-e kal-f-a kal-k-al

“gaSveba” bar-T-i bar-T-es bar-e bar-T-a bar-k-al

erT zmnas _ bubububu (varT.)//ffffuuuu (nij.) “yofna”, “qona”, “yola”

axasiaTebs dro-kiloTa defeqturi paradigma. es zmna mxolod

awmyosa (bubububu) da namyo-uwyvetel (bubububu=ÁÁÁÁ) droebs awarmoebs, xolo

danarCen paradigmas zmna baqbaqbaqbaq-es “yofa”, “arseboba”, “gaxdoma” dro-

kiloebi avseben.

145

drodrodrodro----kiloTa warmoebakiloTa warmoebakiloTa warmoebakiloTa warmoeba

I jgufiI jgufiI jgufiI jgufi

udiuris Sesaxeb samecniero literaturaSi Camoyalibebuli

tradiciis gaTvaliswinebiT I jgufSi Segvyavs martivmawarmoeblian

masdarze (masdari I) dayrdnobiT nawarmoebi zmnuri formebi,

kerZod: awmyo da namyo-uwyveteli (imperfeqti).

awmyo awmyo awmyo awmyo (prezensiprezensiprezensiprezensi). iwarmoeba -eseseses formatian masdarze -aaaa sufiqsis

darTviT, mag.: b-es-aaaa=(ne) “akeTebs” (+ 3SG); aS=(ne)=b-s-aaaa < *aS=(ne)=b-

es-aaaa//aS-b-es-aaaa=(ne) “muSaobs”; qar=(re)=x-s-aaaa < *qar=(re)=x-es-aaaa

“cxovrobs”; baq-s-aaaa=(ne)//ba=(ne)=q-s-aaaa < *baq-es-aaaa=(ne)//*ba=(ne)=q-es-aaaa

“aris”, “xdeba”, “arsebobs”.

-eseseses sufiqsis Semadgeneli xmovani xSirad ikveceba, rodesac am

sufiqsis win gvxvdeba daxuruli marcvali. am reduqciis Sedegad

zogjer viTardeba fonetikuri cvlilebebi, mag.: Tog-d-es “gayidva”:

*Tog=(zu)=d-es-a > *Tog=(zu)=d-s-a > Tog=(zu)=st-a (bgeraTa gadasma

dsdsdsds > stststst) “vyidi”. a. Sifnerma awmyos mawarmoeblad gamoyo -sasasasa//-esaesaesaesa

formanti (diaqroniul doneze amdagvari formantis gamoyofa

aramarTebulia, Tumca sinqronul doneze _ SesaZlebelia). a. diri

ukve “swor” -aaaa sufiqss gamoyofs, magram mawarmoebeli fuZis

sakiTxi masac ara aqvs naTlad gaTvaliswinebuli.

awmyos formasa da mowarmoeblis warmoSobis Sesaxeb

samecniero literaturaSi sxvadasxva mosazrebebi gamoiTqva: evg.

jeiraniSvilma axlomonaTesave enebis (saxeldobr, ruTulurisa da

waxuris) monacemTa moxmobiT, udiuri zmnis awmyos -aaaa mawarmoebeli

daaxasiaTa rogorc “yofis” aRmniSvneli meSveli zmnis naSti: *yayayaya >

*‡‡‡‡a a a a > aaaa.

t. maisakis TvalsazrisiT, awmyos forma warmoSobiT micemiT

brunvaSi dasmuli “infinitivis” (martiv-mawarmoebliani masdari)

146

forma unda iyos, romelsac CamoSorda awmyo drois mawarmoebeli

meSveli zmna (anu, t. maisakis azriTac, istoriulad awmyo

analitikurad iwarmoeboda).

unda aRiniSnos, rom kavkasiis albanur enaSi awmyo dros aseve

-a sufiqsi awarmoebs, im gansxvavebiT, rom albanurSi awmyos

formanti uSualod zmnis fuZes daerTvis.

namyonamyonamyonamyo----uwyveteli uwyveteli uwyveteli uwyveteli (imperfeqtiimperfeqtiimperfeqtiimperfeqti). warmoSobiT meoreuli formaa.

iwarmoeba awmyos formaze =Á Á Á Á enklitikis darTviT (es klitika

zmnaSi yovelTvis postfiqsur pozicias ikavebs), mag.: b-es-a=(ne)=ÁÁÁÁ

“akeTebda” (+ 3 SG); aS=(ne)=b-s-a=ÁÁÁÁ < *aS=(ne)=b-es-a=ÁÁÁÁ//aS-b-es-a=(ne)=ÁÁÁÁ

“muSaobda”; qar=(re)=x-s-a=ÁÁÁÁ < *qar=(re)=x-es-a=ÁÁÁÁ “cxovrobda”; baq-s-

a=(ne)=ÁÁÁÁ//ba=(ne)=q-s-a=ÁÁÁÁ < *baq-es-a=(ne)=ÁÁÁÁ//*ba=(ne)=q-es-a=ÁÁÁÁ “iyo”,

“arsebobda”, “xdeboda”.

evg. jeiraniSvilis azriT, namyo-uwyveteli arsebiTad

(warmoSobiT) aris reinterpretirebuli awmyo-zogadi. am mosazrebas

SeuZlebelia daveTanxmoT. kavkasiis albanur enaSi gvxvdeba

aRniSnuli forma. is, udiuris msgavsad, awmyos formas eyrdnoba, im

gansxvavebiT, rom albanurSi awmyos forma uSualod zmnis fuZeze

dayrdnobiT iwarmoeba (ix. zemoT).

II jgufiII jgufiII jgufiII jgufi

II jgufSi Segvyavs uSualod zmnis fuZeze nawarmoebi zmnuri

formebi (zmnis fuZes miviRebT, Tu martiv-mawarmoebliani masdaris

mawarmoebels _ -eseseses sufiqss movaSorebT). rogorc zemoT aRiniSna,

mawarmoeblebis mixedviT es jgufi SegviZlia davyoT dro-kiloTa

sam qvejgufad:

-eeee mawarmoebliani qvejgufi: perfeqti (-eeee formanti awarmoebs)

da misgan nawarmoebi meoradi formebi: pluskvamfperfeqti (-eeee + =ÁÁÁÁ),

perfeqtis formaze dayrdnobiT nawarmoebi iusivi (-eeee + yayayaya=),

perfeqtis formaze dayrdnobiT nawarmoebi pirobiT-natvriTi kilo

147

(-eeee + gigigigi=);

-oooo mawarmoebliani qvejgufi: myofadi potenciuri (-oooo) da

misgan nawarmoebi meoradi formebi: namyo-myofadi potenciuri (-o o o o +

=ÁÁÁÁ); II koniunqtivi (-oooo + =alalalal);

-aaaa mawarmoebliani qvejgufi: imperativi (-aaaa); kondicionali (-aaaa +

ÁiÁiÁiÁi- < *gigigigi=); koniunqtivi (-aaaa) da misgan nawarmoebi namyos koniunqtivi

(-aaaa + =ÁÁÁÁ).

perfeqti perfeqti perfeqti perfeqti (namyo namyo namyo namyo wyvetiliwyvetiliwyvetiliwyvetili). aoristis mawarmoeblisagan

gansxvavebiT, perfeqtis mawarmoebeli (-eeee) mxolod finitur formebs

awarmoebs. specialur literaturaSi udiuris Sesaxeb es forma

tradiciulad aoristad miiCneoda da “Cveulebrivi” aoristisagan

gansxvavebiT, “II aoristad” iwodeboda (vl. fanCviZe, evg.

jeiraniSvili da sxva). marTlac, TiTqosda erTi mniSvnelobis

formebi gvqondes, xolo maTi diferenciacia mxolod zmnis usruli

da sruli aspeqtis gadmocemaSi mdgomareobdes. Targmnisas, aoristi

gadmoscems qarTulis namyo-wyvetilis usruli aspeqtis

mniSvnelobas, xolo perfeqti Seefardeba namyo-wyvetilis sruli

saxis (preverbian) formas. ufro metic: zogjer es formebi

enacvleba erTmaneTs.

miuxedavad amisa, ver gaviziarebT am mosazrebas. aoristisagan

gansxvavebiT perfeqtis formaSi aisaxeba moqmedebis lokalizacia

droSi; igi yovelTvis, ueWvelad namyo drois mniSvnelobiT

gamoiyeneba. am formisaTvis ar aris damaxasiaTebeli aoristis

mniSvnelobis Tanamdev gangrZobiTobasa da ganusazRvrelobas (a-

oristos).

perfeqts awarmoebs -eeee sufiqsi da, rogorc aRiniSna zemoT,

igi gadmoscems qarTulis namyo-wyvetilis sruli aspeqtis

mniSvnelobas, mag.: b-e=(ne) “gaakeTa” (+ 3 SG); aS=(ne)=b-e//aS-b-e=(ne)

“imuSava”; qar=(re)=x-e < *qar=(ne)=x-e “icxovra” (ukve); baq-

e=(ne)//ba=(ne)=q-e “iyo” (ukve), “iarseba”, “gaxda”.

148

winadadebaSi, sadac predikatis funqciiT gamoyenebulia

perfeqti, xSirad piris aRmniSvneli klitika zmnuri sityvaformis

gareT gvxvdeba, xolo zogjer, saerTod ar mogvepoveba

winadadebaSi.

perfeqtis mawarmoebeli -eeee sufiqsi, piris formantis

darTvisas zogjer reduqcias ganicdis, mag.: purpurpurpur=tun “mokvdnen” (+ 3

PL); arararar=tun “movidnen”; WerWerWerWer=tun “gamovidnen”... es movlena

gansakuTrebiT nijur kilos axasiaTebs.

kavkasiis albanur enaSi mogvepoveba forma, romlis

mawarmoebelia -eeee sufiqsi. es forma Tavisi mawarmoebliTa da

sintaqsuri funqciis mxriv udiuri enis perfeqtis identuria.

myofadi potenciurimyofadi potenciurimyofadi potenciurimyofadi potenciuri (myofadi IImyofadi IImyofadi IImyofadi II). myofadi II iwarmoeba -oooo

sufiqsis meSveobiT, romelic uSualod zmnis fuZes daerTvis. es

forma gamoxatavs SesaZlo, potenciur moqmedebas momavalSi, mag.: b-

o=(ne) “gaakeTebs (vinicobaa, vTqvaT-da)” (+ 3SG); aS=(ne)=b-o//aS-b-

o=(ne) “imuSavebs (vinicobaa, vTqvaT-da)”; qar=(re)=x-o < *qar=(ne)=x-o

“icxovrebs (vinicobaa, vTqvaT-da)”; baq-o=(ne)//ba=(ne)=q-o “iqneba”,

“iarsebebs”, “gaxdeba” (vinicobaa, vTqvaT-da). garda amisa, unda

aRiniSnos, rom es forma xSirad gvaZlevs awmyos gagebas.

mniSvnelobis mixedviT myofadi ZiriTadi da myofadi

potenciuri zogjer zustad ar ganirCeva erTnmaneTisagan. amis gamo

nijurSi dasturdeba saintereso movlena: xSir SemTxvevaSi es

formebi piris mixedviT nawildeba _ I pirisaTvis Cveulebriv

gamoyenebulia myofadi potenciuri, xolo II da III pirisaTvis _

myofadi ZiriTadi.

brZanebiTi kilo brZanebiTi kilo brZanebiTi kilo brZanebiTi kilo (imperativiimperativiimperativiimperativi). imperativi iwarmoeba uSualod

zmnis fuZeze -aaaa sufiqsis darTviT (moZraobis aRmniSvnel eqvs

zmnasa da im rTulmawarmoeblian zmnebSi, romlebSic meore

komponemtad -ecececec meSveli zmna warmogvidgeba, imperativis niSania -iiii

sufiqsi). imperativis forma koniunqtivis formas emTxveva, Tu ar

149

CavTvliT II pirs mxoloobiTSi, sadac imperativi, koniunqtivisagan

gansxvavebiT, ar irTavs pirSi SemaTanxmebel klitikas, Sdr.: baq-a

“iyavi” (imperativi) _ baq-a=n “iqnebi albaT, SesaZloa iqnebi”

(koniunqtivi). garda amisa, ramdenime aTeul zmnaSi imperativisa da

koniunqtivis formebi aris gansxvavebuli, esenia: moZraobis

aRmniSvneli prefiqsiani zmnuri formebi (Ta[Á]-es “wasvla”; ba[Á]-es

“Sesvla”; la[Á]-es “asvla” da a.S.); zmna f-es “Tqma”; meSveli

zmnisagan f-es da ec-es nawarmoebi orkomponentiani zmnebi.

imperativisa da koniunqtivis mawarmoeblebisa da sayrdeni fuZis

igiveobis miuxedavad, warmoSobiT sxvadasxva formebTan unda

gvqondes saqme.

imperativi, rogorc wesi, II pirSi gamoiyeneba, Tumca udiurSi

brZanebiTi kilo III pirsa da I piris mravlobiTSic mogvepoveba.

gasarkvevia I piris formis sakiTxi mravlobiTSi. gamoiTqva

mosazreba, rom saqme gvaqvs sxva formasTan _ e.w. hortativTan (t.

maisaki), rac aramarTebulad migvaCnia. gasaziarebeli Cans vl.

fanCviZis mosazreba, rom am piris forma fonetikuri cvlilebis

Sedegad unda iyos miRebuli mag.: qarx-en < *qarx-a=Áan (=Áan Áan Áan Áan _ _ _ _ I

piris aRmniSvneli klitika mravlobiTSi), ix. imperativis formaTa

sqema:

varTaSnul kiloSi

I mx. piri __ I mr. piri baq=en

II mx. piri baq-a “iyavi”, “gaxdi”,

“iarsebe”

II mr. piri baq-a=nan

III mx. piri baq-a=ne III mr. piri baq-a=yun

nijur kiloSi

I mx. piri __ I mr. piri baq=en

II mx. piri baq-a II mr. piri baq-a=nan

III mx. piri baq-a=ne III mr. piri baq-a=Tun

150

kavkasiis albanurSi davimowmeT imperativi da mas agreTve -aaaa

sufiqsi awarmoebs.

kavSirebiTi I kilo kavSirebiTi I kilo kavSirebiTi I kilo kavSirebiTi I kilo (koniunqtivikoniunqtivikoniunqtivikoniunqtivi). imperativis msgavsad

koniunqtivic -aaaa sufiqsis meSveobiT iwarmoeba, magram imperativisan

gansxvavebiT, sxva warmoSobisaa unda iyos _ absolutivi (usruli

saxis) + meSveli zmna, romelic dRes oden piris niSniTaa

warmodgenili. amas nawilobriv adasturebs is faqti, rom

koniunqtivis forma yovelTvis piris klitikebiTaa markirebuli.

TargmanSi koniunqtivis formas Seesatyviseba: “albaT”, “SesaZloa”,

“iqneb”//”iqneba” + zmna; mag.: b-a=z “gavakeTeb” [albaT, SesaZloa],

“iqneba gavakeTo” (+ 1SG); b-a=ne “gaakeTebs” [albaT, SesaZloa] (+

3SG); aS-b-a=z “vimuSaveb” [albaT, SesaZloa]; aS-b-a=ne “imuSavebs”

[albaT, SesaZloa]; qarx-a=z “vicxovreb” [albaT, SesaZloa]; qarx-a=ne

“icxovrebs” [albaT, SesaZloa]; baq-a=z “viqnebi, viarsebeb, gavxdebi”

[albaT, SesaZloa]; baq-a=ne “iqneba”, “iarsebebs”, “gaxdeba” [albaT,

SesaZloa].

III jgufiIII jgufiIII jgufiIII jgufi

III jgufSi Segvyavs sruli saxis mimReobisagan nawarmoebi

zmnuri formebi, esenia: aoristi (-iiii mawarmoebeli; warmoadgens

sruli saxis mimReobis formas + piris niSans); II perfeqti (-iiii + ÁÁÁÁ-oooo;

warmoadgens substantivad gamoyenebul sruli saxis mimReobis

formas + piris niSans); aoristis formaze dayrdnobiT nawarmoebi

iusivi (-iiii + yayayaya=); aoristis formaze dayrdnobiT nawarmoebi

pirobiT-natvriTi kilo (-iiii + gigigigi=); II plukvamperfeqti (-iiii + =ÁÁÁÁ);

kontrafaqtivi (-iiii + ÁiÁiÁiÁi- < *gigigigi= + =ÁÁÁÁ//=iÁiÁiÁiÁ).

aoristiaoristiaoristiaoristi. misi mawarmoebelia -iiii sufiqsi, romelic uSualod

daerTvis zmnur fuZes, mag.: b-i=(ne) “akeTa”, “qmna" (+ 3 SG); aS=(ne)=b-

151

i//aS-b-i=(ne) “muSaobda”; qar=(re)=x-i < *qar=(ne)=x-i “cxovrobda”;

baq-i=(ne)//ba=(ne)=q-i “iyo”, “arsebobda”, “xdeboda”.

yuradRebas ipyrobs is faqti, rom aoristi da sruli saxis

mimReoba iwarmoeba erTi da igive -iiii sufiqsiT, anu aoristi sruli

saxis mimReobis formas imeorebs. gansxvaveba imaSi mdgomareobs,

rom aorists SeuZlia piris niSnis darTva, Tumca, xSirad aoristis

forma piris niSnis gareSe ixmareba, xolo zogjer, winadadeba,

sadac predikatad aoristis forma gvevlineba, sulac piris niSnis

gareSe aris warmodgenili.

safiqrebelia, rom istoriulad aoristi analitikur formas

warmoadgenda: absolutivi + meSveli zmna. meSveli zmna amJamad

oden piris niSniTaa warmodgenili.

II perfeqtiII perfeqtiII perfeqtiII perfeqti. iwarmoeba zmnis fuZeze ----iÁoiÁoiÁoiÁo//-ioioioio sufiqsis

darTviT (metyvelebaSi pirveli varianti ufro gavrcelebulia).

warmoSobiT es forma gasubstantivebuli (masubstantivebeli -oooo

sufiqsdarTuli) sruli saxis mimReobisagan warmoiSva da formiT

mas emTxveva kidec. rogorc wesi, aRniSnavs warsulSi raime

moqmedis gamo damdgar Sedegs, magaliTad, Sdr.: bask-i-Á-o

“daZinebuli” (daZineba_AOP_O_NA) da bas=e=k-iÁo “daeZina”, “sZinavs

(ukve)” (daZineba=3 SG=ST_ PERF2).

IV jgufiIV jgufiIV jgufiIV jgufi

IV jgufSi Segvyavs usruli saxis mimReobisagan nawarmoebi

zmnuri formebi, esenia: myofadi ZiriTadi (-alalalal mawarmoebeli;

warmoadgens usruli saxis mimreobis formas + piris niSans) da

misgan nawarmoebi namyo-myofadi ZiriTadi (-alalalal + =ÁÁÁÁ) da myofadi

nawilakovani (-alalalal + =alalalal); myofadi aucileblobiTi (-alaalaalaala;

warmoadgens usruli saxis mimReobis atributul formas + piris

niSans) da misgan nawarmoebi namyo-myofadi aucileblobiTi (-alaalaalaala +

=ÁÁÁÁ).

152

myofadi ZiriTadimyofadi ZiriTadimyofadi ZiriTadimyofadi ZiriTadi (myofadi Imyofadi Imyofadi Imyofadi I). iwarmoeba zmnur fuZeze -alalalal

sufiqsis darTviT. sayuradReboa, rom myofadi I da usruli saxis

mimReoba iwarmoeba erTi da imave -alalalal sufiqsis meSveobiT, rac

naTels xdis am formis warmoSobas. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom

zogadad iberiul-kavkasiur enebSi myofadis warmoebisas

Cveulebrivia mimReobis gamoyeneba, romelsac erTvis meSveli zmna.

unda vivaraudoT, rom udiur enaSic myofadi miRebulia aseTi

procesis Sedegad. safiqrebelia, rom es forma damxmare zmnis

meSveobiT iwarmoeboda, romlisagan dRes oden piris niSania

Semonaxuli.

am mosazrebas nawilobriv adasturebs is sayuradRebo faqtic,

rom am formasTan piris aRmniSvneli klitika mxolod postfiqsur

poziciaze gvxvdeba, mag.: b-al=(le) < *b-al=(ne) “gaakeTebs” (+ 3SG.);

aS-b-al=(le) < *aS-b-al=(ne) “imuSavebs”; qarx-al=(le) < *qarx-al=(ne)

“icxovrebs”; baq-al=(le) < *baq-al=(ne) “iqneba”, “iarsebebs”,

“gaxdeba”. TvalSi sacemia, rom III piris niSani mxoloobiTSi (=nenenene),

rogorc wesi, ganicdis fonetikur cvlilebas (asimilacias

winamavali llll-s gavleniT): =nenenene > =lelelele. unda aRiniSnos, rom II pirSi,

rogorc mxoloobiTSi, iseve mravlobiTSi, piris niSnebis

Tavkiduri nnnn Tanxmovani ucvlelad Semonaxuli aqvs, Sdr.: karx-

al=lelelele “icxovrebs” (3SG); karx-al=nunununu “icxovreb” (2SG) da karx-

al=nannannannan “icxovrebT” (2PL).

es forma, diaqroniulad an awmyosa anda “awmyo-myofads” unda

warmoadgendes.

myofadi aucileblobiTi myofadi aucileblobiTi myofadi aucileblobiTi myofadi aucileblobiTi (myofadi IIImyofadi IIImyofadi IIImyofadi III). es dro moqmedebis

ganxorcielebis aucileblobas gamoxatavs da qarTul TargmanSi

mas Seesatyviseba leqsema unda + zmna. am drois mawarmoebelia -alaalaalaala

sufiqsi da warmoSobiT usruli aspeqtis mimReobis atributul

formas + meSvel zmnas unda warmoadgendes (meSveli zmnis naSti

mxolod piris niSnebiTaa warmodgenili, xolo TviT am drois

153

forma, piris niSnebis daurTvelad, usruli aspeqtis mimReobis

atributiul formas emTxveva), mag.: b-ala=(z) “unda gavakeTo” (+

1SG), b-ala=(ne) “unda gaakeTos” (+ 3SG); aS-b-ala=(z) “unda vimuSao”

aS-b-ala=(ne) “unda imuSaos”; qarx-ala=(z) “unda vicxovro” qarx-

ala=(ne) “unda icxovros”; baq-ala=(z) “unda viyo, viarsebo, gavxde”,

baq-ala=(ne) “unda iyos”, “unda iarsebos”, “unda gaxdes”.

myofadi ZiriTadis msgavsad es dro piris aRmniSvnel

klitikebs mxolod postfiqsur poziciaze irTavs.

meoreuli (klitikebis meSveobiT nawarmoebi) dromeoreuli (klitikebis meSveobiT nawarmoebi) dromeoreuli (klitikebis meSveobiT nawarmoebi) dromeoreuli (klitikebis meSveobiT nawarmoebi) dro----kiloebikiloebikiloebikiloebi

meoradi formebi _ pirveladi formebisagan nawarmoebi dro-

kiloebia. meoradi formebi klitikebis meSveobiT iwarmoeba (yayayaya=, gigigigi=

[nij. ÁiÁiÁiÁi-], =ÁÁÁÁ, =alalalal) da, rogorc wesi, namyo drois, iusivisa, pirobiT-

natvriTi kilosa da ori drois mijnaze (namyo-myofadi) formebs

warmoadgens.

meorad (nawarmoeb) formebs ganekuTvneba:

imperfeqti (awmyo + =ÁÁÁÁ); pluskvamperfeqti (perfeqti + =ÁÁÁÁ); II

plukvamperfeqti (aoristi + =ÁÁÁÁ); namyo-myofadi ZiriTadi (myofadi

ZiriTadi + =ÁÁÁÁ); namyo-myofadi aucileblobiTi (myofadi

aucileblobiTi + =ÁÁÁÁ); namyo-myofadi potenciuri (myofadi

potenciuri + =ÁÁÁÁ); namyos koniunqtivi (koniunqtivi + =ÁÁÁÁ);

perfeqtis formaze dayrdnobiT nawarmoebi iusivi (perfeqti +

yayayaya=); aoristis formaze dayrdnobiT nawarmoebi iusivi (aoristi +

yayayaya=);

aoristis formaze dayrdnobiT nawarmoebi pirobiT-natvriTi

kilo (aoristi + gigigigi=); perfeqtis formaze dayrdnobiT nawarmoebi

pirobiT-natvriTi kilo (perfeqti + gigigigi=); kondicionali (? + ÁiÁiÁiÁi-);

kontrafaqtivi (aoristi + ÁiÁiÁiÁi- + =iÁiÁiÁiÁ//=ÁÁÁÁ);

myofadi nawilakovani (myofadi ZiriTadi + =alalalal); II

koniunqtivi (myofadi potenciuri + =alalalal).

154

=Á =Á =Á =Á (=iiii; =iÁiÁiÁiÁ) klitikis meSveobiT nawarmoebi namyos aRmniSvneli klitikis meSveobiT nawarmoebi namyos aRmniSvneli klitikis meSveobiT nawarmoebi namyos aRmniSvneli klitikis meSveobiT nawarmoebi namyos aRmniSvneli

meoreuli formebimeoreuli formebimeoreuli formebimeoreuli formebi

=ÁÁÁÁ klitika namyo drois aRmniSvnel ramdenime formas

awarmoebs. es formanti, rogorc wesi, zmnas enklitikurad

daerTvis, Tumca dasaxelebuli mawarmoebeli SesaZlebelia sxva

metyvelebis nawilebsac daerTos.

rogorc zemoT iqna naCvenebi, udiurs moepoveba mxolod ori

`pirveladi~, anu uSualod zmnis fuZeze dayrdnobiT nawarmoebi na-

myos drois forma, esenia: aoristi (-iiii formantiani) da perfeqti (-eeee

formantiani), xolo danarCeni formebi (imperfeqti, pluskvamperfeq-

ti da sxva) =ÁÁÁÁ formantis meSveobiT iwarmoeba.

====ÁÁÁÁ enklitikis awmyos formaze darTvisas xdeba moqmedebis dro-

is Secvla: awmyos formaze =ÁÁÁÁ mawarmoeblis darTviT viRebT namyo

uwyvetels (imperfeqts). Tu es mawarmoebeli isedac namyo drois

formas daerTvis, maSin miRebul formas moqmedeba winarewarsulSi

gadaaqvs. garda amisa, =ÁÁÁÁ enklitika myofadze darTviT awarmoebs

formebs, romelic ori drois mijnaze ganviTarebul moqmedebas

(myofads namyoSi).

=ÁÁÁÁ (=iiii; =iÁiÁiÁiÁ ) enklitikis meSveobiT nawarmoebi namyos aR-

mniSvneli meoreuli formebi bbbb-es `keTeba~ zmnis magaliT-

ze:

sawyisi formasawyisi formasawyisi formasawyisi forma nawarmoebi formanawarmoebi formanawarmoebi formanawarmoebi forma

awmyo b-es-a=(ne) àkeTebs~ imperfeqti b-es-a=(ne)=Á

“akeTebda”

perfeqti b-e=(ne) “gaakeTa” pluskvamperfeqti b-e=(ne)=Á

“gaakeTa” [didi xnis win]

aoristi b-i=(ne) “akeTa” pluskvamperfeqti II

b-i=(ne)=Á “akeTa” [didi xnis win]

perfeqti II (SedegobiTi) ------------------------------

155

b-iÁo=(ne)

myofadi I (ZiriTadi)

b-al=(ne) “gaakeTebs”

namyo-myofadi I (ZiriTadi)

b-al=(ne)=Á “gaakeTebda”

myofadi aucileblobiTi

b-ala=(ne)

“gaakeTebs” [aucileblad]

namyo-myofadi aucileblobiTi

b-ala=(ne)=Á

“gaakeTebda” [aucileblad]

myofadi II (potenciuri)

b-o=(ne) “gaakeTebs” [vinicobaa]

namyo-myofadi II (potenciuri)

b-o=(ne)=Á “gaakeTebda” [vinicobaa]

koniunqtivi b-a=(ne)

“gaakeTebs” [SesaZloa, albaT]

namyos koniunqtivi b-a=(ne)=Á

“gaakeTebda” [SesaZloa, albaT]

*kondicionali b-a-Ái=(n) ------------------------------

------------------------------ *kontrafaqtivi b-i-Ái=(n)=iÁ

**** warmodgenili formebi mxolod nijur kiloSi gvxvdeba.

=ÁÁÁÁ formantiT nawarmoebi formebisagan evg. jeiraniSvilTan oden

namyo-uwyvetelia (imperfeqti) aRniSnuli, xolo vl. fanCviZesTan am

formis garda gvaqvs: namyo-winarewarsuli (pluskvamperfeqti) da

masze nawarmoebi pirobiT-natvriTi kavSirebiTi (awarmoebs gigigigi= kli-

tika), kavSirebiTi II (namyos koniunqtivi), myofadi ZiriTadisa da

myofadi potenciurisagan nawarmoebi pirobiT-natvriTi kilos ori

forma.

myofadi ZiriTadisa da myofadi potenciurisagan nawarmoeb

formebs unda daematos mesame forma, romelic myofadi aucileblo-

biTisagan iwarmoeba, mag.: zu tiÁa baqbaqbaqbaq-iiii=gigigigi=zuzuzuzu=ÁÁÁÁ Sotin meno ukukukuk-

alaalaalaala=TeTeTeTe=nenenene=ÁÁÁÁ `me rom mand vyovyovyovyofifififililililiyayayayavivivivi, is amas ar ityoar ityoar ityoar ityodadadada [ueWve-

lad]~, xolo nawyo-winarewarsulisagan nawarmoebi pirobiT-natvri-

Ti kavSirebiTis gamoyofa, piriqiT, saeWvod moCans. unda aRiniSnos,

rom =ÁÁÁÁ enklitikis darTviT an CamoSorebiT am formis mniSvneloba

ar icvleba, Sdr.: gigigigi=n=qarx-e=ÁÁÁÁ “rom ecxovra” da b-e=gigigigi=n “rom

ekeTebina”...

156

unda aRiniSnos, rom myofadisagan nawarmoebi sami forma, garda

pirobiT-natvriTi kilos mniSvnelobis gamoxatvisa, ori drois mi-

jnaze ganviTarebul moqmedebasac aRniSnavs. gramatikulad es for-

mebi myofads warmoadgens, magram maTi moqmedeba viTardeba namyo

droSi myofadze [zogjer _ awmyoze] miTiTebiT, mag.: Seno hçÁsç

baskabaskabaskabaska=lelelele=ÁÁÁÁ “is axlaxan apirebdaapirebdaapirebdaapirebda dawolasdawolasdawolasdawolas”;

zu vaenk nçÁni zengbalzengbalzengbalzengbal=zuzuzuzu=ÁÁÁÁ “me SenTan guSin vapirebdi vapirebdi vapirebdi vapirebdi

darekvasdarekvasdarekvasdarekvas” [myofadi ZiriTadisagan nawarmoebi forma];

geSluRa sa hema baW adamare baqobaqobaqobaqo=ÁÁÁÁ “xeobaSi iyoiyoiyoiyo albaTalbaTalbaTalbaT

[SesaZloaSesaZloaSesaZloaSesaZloa] asiode adamiani”;

sa Samate Wovaqi baqobaqobaqobaqo=ÁÁÁÁ, Áoxsa viw Rine Wovaqi baqobaqobaqobaqo=ÁÁÁÁ “sadRac

erTi kvira gavidagavidagavidagavida (zedmiw. gasuli iyogasuli iyogasuli iyogasuli iyo), an SesaZloa aTi dRe

gavidagavidagavidagavida” [myofadi potenciurisagan nawarmoebi forma];

meno baqbaqbaqbaq-alaalaalaala=nenenene=ÁÁÁÁ, ama baTeneqi ès ununununda moda moda moda momxdamxdamxdamxdaririririyoyoyoyo, magram ar

moxda~;

sawwe iSu davina TaRalaTaRalaTaRalaTaRala=nenenene=ÁÁÁÁ “TerTmeti kaci undaundaundaunda

gamgzavrebuliyogamgzavrebuliyogamgzavrebuliyogamgzavrebuliyo omSi” [myofadi aucileblobiTisagan nawarmoebi

forma].

safiqrebelia, rom =ÁÁÁÁ formanti istoriulad namyos mawarmoebe-

li meSveli zmna unda yofiliyo da aseTi funqciiT is dasturdeba

kidec zogierT lezgiur enaSi, Sdr. aRuluri: mehemed m‘‡elim eeee `muha-

medi maswavlebelia~ da mehemed m‘‡elim iÁiÁiÁiÁ `muhamedi maswavlebeli

iyo~ (aul tpiukis Tqma). lezgiur enaSic namyo drois aRmniSvneli

sxvadasxva formebis sawarmoeblad gamoyenebulia -ÁÁÁÁ mawarmoebeli,

romelic, udiuris msgavsad, aqac enklitikas warmoadgens, mag.: raxaz-

va àmbobs~ _ raxazva=ÁÁÁÁ àmbobda~, iÁizma àkeTebs~ _ iÁizma=ÁÁÁÁ àkeTeb-

da~, iÁida `gaakeTebs~ _ iÁida=ÁÁÁÁ `gaakeTebda~. -ÁÁÁÁ formanti namyos ma-

warmoeblad gvevlineba kavkasiis albanurSic, mag.: q[risto]sen bubububuyayayayanananana----

biÁbiÁbiÁbiÁ-aaaa-ÁÁÁÁ haWink eklesiax `rogorc (viTarc) qristes (erg.) SeSeSeSeuyuyuyuyvarvarvarvardadadada ek-

lesia (mic.)~ (ef. 5, 25);

po(‡)e e(c)ex biÁbiÁbiÁbiÁ-aaaa-ÁÁÁÁ hana(c) “xolo romlisgan yovelive gakeTdagakeTdagakeTdagakeTda”

157

(ebr 3. 4);

iCeÁ bul TTTT[aaaa]faRfaRfaRfaR-eeee----ÁÁÁÁ “Tavisi Tavi miscamiscamiscamisca” (ef. 5, 25);

haÁbokhaÁbokhaÁbokhaÁbok-eeeeˤ----ÁÁÁÁ oenux “aiyvanaaiyvanaaiyvanaaiyvana isini” (mT. 17, 1).

aRsaniSnavia, rom kavkasiis albanurSi am mawarmoeblis meSveli

zmnis funqciiT gamoyeneba ver davadastureT.

sayuradReboa, rom =ÁÁÁÁ mawarmoebeli udiurSi SeiZleba sxva me-

tyvelebis nawilebsac daerTos, magram mxolod piris formantis Se-

mdgom, postfiqsur poziciaze. namyos mawarmoeblisa da piris niSni-

sagan Semdgari kompleqsi faqtobrivad meSveli zmnis funqcias

iZens, mag.: Sair Te=zuzuzuzu=ÁÁÁÁ, vçzTadalo=zuzuzuzu=ÁÁÁÁ `poeti ar viyavi, maswav-

lebeli viyavi~, jçÁil=zuzuzuzu=ÁÁÁÁ “axalzazrda viyavi”...

ya= klitikis meSveobiT nawarmoebi iusivis formebiya= klitikis meSveobiT nawarmoebi iusivis formebiya= klitikis meSveobiT nawarmoebi iusivis formebiya= klitikis meSveobiT nawarmoebi iusivis formebi

klitika yayayaya= iusivis (kategoriuli kilo; nawilakovan-

kavSirebiTi I _ evg. jeiraniSvili; nawilakovan-kavSirebiTi _ vl.

fanCviZe) or sinonimur formas awarmoebs. pirveli _ aoristis

formaze dayrdnobiT iwarmoeba yayayaya= klitikis darTviT, xolo meore

_ perfeqtis formaze igive mawarmoeblis darTviT.

piris niSani iusivis orive formaSi ueWvelad yayayaya= klitikas

misdevs. aRniSnuli kompleqsi, rogorc wesi, perfeqtis formas

daerTvis enklitikurad, xolo aoristis formasTan _

gavrcelebuli proklitikuri, anda endoklitikuri ganlageba.

udiuri zmnis dro-kiloTa umetesobisagan gansxvavebiT

(imperativisa da koniunqtivis garda), iusivis formebTan gamoiyeneba

uaryofis klitika mamamama=. iusivis formebze am uaryofis aRmniSvneli

klitikis darTvis SemTxvevaSi iqmneba sami klitikisagan Semdgari

kompleqsebi: mamamama= + yayayaya= + piris niSani. aseTi kompleqsi, rogorc

wesi, zmnur formasan prepoziciaSi gvevleneba, Tumca aoristis

formasTan dasaSvebia misi endoklitikuri ganlagebac, mag.:

za gal=mamamama=yayayaya=nnnn=d-i

158

memememe:DAT SexebaSexebaSexebaSexeba=PROH=JUSS=3SG=LV_AOR

ar Semexos

yayayaya= klitika SesaZlebelia sxva zmnur formebs da metyvelebis

nawilebs daerTos. es mawarmoebeli maerTebeli kavSiris

funqciiTac gamoiyeneba.

TargmanSi iusivis formeni Seesatyviseba zmnas +

“aucileblad”, “ueWvelad”, “uTuod” da a.S.

gi= gi= gi= gi= (Á(Á(Á(Áiiii----) ) ) ) klitikis meSveobiT nawarmoebi pirobiTklitikis meSveobiT nawarmoebi pirobiTklitikis meSveobiT nawarmoebi pirobiTklitikis meSveobiT nawarmoebi pirobiT----nnnnatvriTi kilos atvriTi kilos atvriTi kilos atvriTi kilos

(kondicionali) (kondicionali) (kondicionali) (kondicionali) formebiformebiformebiformebi

klitika gigigigi= pirobiT-natvriT kilos (kondicionali;

nawilakovan-kavSirebiTi II _ evg. jeiraniSvili; pirobiT-natvriTi

nawilakovani _ vl. fanCviZe), iusivis msgavsad, or sinonimur formas

awarmoebs. pirveli _ aoristis formaze dayrdnobiT iwarmoeba gigigigi=

mawarmoeblis darTviT, xolo meore _ perfeqtis formaze

dayrdnobiT. pirobiT-natvriTi kilos es formebi mxolod

varTaSnuli dialeqtisaTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli.

gigigigi= klitikas dRes udiurSi, yayayaya= mawarmoeblisagan

gansxvavebiT (ix. zemoT), damoukidebeli leqsikuri mniSvneloba ar

gaaCnia.

piris niSani pirobiT-natvriTi kolos orsave formaSi

ueWvelad gigigigi= klitikas misdevs. aRniSnuli kompleqsi SeiZleba

daerTos zmnas enklitikurad, proklitikurad, anda

endoklitikurad.

udiuri zmnis dro-kiloTa formebisagan kondicionalis

formebi erTaderTia, romlebTanac gamoiyeneba uaryofis klitika

nnnn„=. pirobiT-natvriTi kilos formebze am klitikis darTvis

SemTxvevaSi iqmneba sami klitikisagan Semdgari kompleqsebi: nnnn„= +

gigigigi= + piris niSani. aseTi kompleqsi, rogorc wesi, zmnur formasan

prepoziciaSi gvevleneba, mag.:

159

Se-t-in n„=gi=n=cam-f-e=Á

DIST_O_ERG PROH=COND=3SG=werawerawerawera_LV_PERF=PST

mas rom ar daewera

TargmanSi pirobiT-natvriTi kilos formeni Seesatyviseba

“rom” + zmnas.

nijur kiloSi kondicionalis forma sxvagvarad iwarmoeba:

igi, rogorc Cans, koniunqtivis formas eyrdnoba. amasTan,

aRsaniSnavia, rom mawarmoebelic nijurSi fonetikurad

saxecvlilia: *gigigigi > *RiRiRiRi > ÁiÁiÁiÁi.

ÁiÁiÁiÁi- formanti nijurSi aseve kantrafaqtivs awarmoebs.

kondicionalisagan gansxvavebiT, romelic pirobiT, magram realur

moqmedebas aRniSnavs, kontrafaqtivi gamoxatavs irealur moqmedebas,

mag.:

Cur-f-i-Ái=n=iÁ “rom darCeniliyo”

darCenadarCenadarCenadarCena_LV_(AOR)_CTRF=3SG=PST

ava-baq-i-Ái=n=iÁ “rom scodnoda”

codnacodnacodnacodna_LV_(AOR)_CTRF=3SG=PST

metyvelebaSi, kondicionalisa da kontrafaqtivis

mawarmoebeli ÁiÁiÁiÁi- SeiZleba amovardes, mag., Sdr.: f-iiii-ÁiÁiÁiÁi=n=iÁ _ f-

iiii=n=iÁ “rom eTqva”...

aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom kondicionalisagan gansxvavebiT,

kontrafaqtivi aoristis formas eyrdnoba.

Tu varTaSnulSi gigigigi= klitika SeiZleba sxva zmnur formebs da

metyvelebis nawilebs daerTos, nijurSi ÁiÁiÁiÁi- mawarmoebeli mxolod

zmnaSi, kondicionalisa da kontrafaqtivis formebSi gvxvdeba.

=al klitikiT nawarmoebi formebi=al klitikiT nawarmoebi formebi=al klitikiT nawarmoebi formebi=al klitikiT nawarmoebi formebi

myofadi nawilakovani myofadi nawilakovani myofadi nawilakovani myofadi nawilakovani (myofadi IVmyofadi IVmyofadi IVmyofadi IV). myofadi nawilakovani

myofadi ZiriTadis formaze dayrdnobiT iwarmoeba da mas klitika

160

=alalalal awarmoebs, romelic calke aRebuli qarTuli -cccc nawilakis

msgavsi mniSvnelobisaa. TargmanSi am formas Seesatyviseba

kompoziti zmna + “kidec”, “amasTanave”, mag.: b-al=alalalal=(le) < *b-

al=alalalal=(ne) “gaakeTebs kidec, gaakeTebs amasTanave” (+ 3SG); aS-b-

al=alalalal=(le) < *aS-b-al=alalalal=(ne) “imuSavebs kidec, imuSavebs

amasTanave”; qarx-al=alalalal=(le) < *qarx-al=alalalal=(ne) “icxovrebs kidec,

amasTanave”; baq-al=alalalal=(le) < *baq-al=alalalal=(ne) “iqneba”, “iarsebebs”,

“gaxdeba (kidec, amasTanave)”. unda aRiniSnos, rom klitika =alalalal am

formaSi, rogorc wesi, sufiqsur poziciaze gvevlineba piris

aRmniSvneli klitikasTan kompleqsSi, romelic =alalalal klitikas

uSualod misdevs, Tumca gamonaklisic gvxvdeba, mag.: cam=alalalal=k-

al=(lelelele) “dawers kidec”. aq klitika =alalalal interfiqsur poziciaze

gvevlineba, xolo piris formanti _ postfiqsurze.

klitika =alalalal sxva zmnur formebsac SeiZleba daerTos, mag.:

cam=alalalal=fi=(ne) “dawera kidec”; u=alalalal=Te=ne=q-sa, u=alalalal=Te=ne=Rˤ-sa

“ar SevWam kidec [da] ar davlev kidec [arc SevWam da arc davlev]”.

unda aRiniSnos, rom amgvari formebi iSviaTia: im winadadebebSi,

sadac predikatis funqciiT awmyosa an namyos forma gvaqvs, rogorc

wesi, klitika =alalalal sxva metyvelebis nawilebs daerTvis.

kavSirebiTi II kilokavSirebiTi II kilokavSirebiTi II kilokavSirebiTi II kilo (konunqtivi IIkonunqtivi IIkonunqtivi IIkonunqtivi II; nawilakovannawilakovannawilakovannawilakovan----kavSirebiTi IIIkavSirebiTi IIIkavSirebiTi IIIkavSirebiTi III

_ evg. jeiraniSvili). varTaSenul kiloSi dasturdeba meoradi

forma, romlis sayrdeni fuZea myofadi potenciuris forma, xolo

mawarmoemeli =alalalal klitika unda iyos. samecniero literaturaSi

gamoiTqva gansxvavebuli mosazreba am kilos formantis

warmomavlobis Sesaxeb, romlis Tanaxmad am formis mawarmoebeli -

oooo=alalalal ori myofadi drois _ myofadi potenciurisa da myofadi

ZiriTadis -oooo da -alalalal formantebis SerwymiT unda iyos miRebuli

(vl. fanCviZe) _ -oooo-alalalal. TargmanSi II koniunqtivis formas

Seesatyviseba: zmna + “kidec-da”; “iqneb”//”iqneba” + zmna + “kidec-da”;

mag.: b-o=al=(le) < *b-o=al=(ne) “gaakeTebs kidec-da”, “iqneba

gaakeTos kidec-da” (+ 3SG); aS-b-o=al=(le) < *aS-b-o=al=(ne)

161

“imuSavebs kidec-da”, “iqneb imuSavebs kidec-da”; qarx-o=al=(le) <

*qarx-o=al=(ne) “icxovrebs kidec-da”, “iqneb icxovros kidec-da”;

baq-o=al=(le) < *baq-o=al=(ne) “iqneba kidec-da”, “iyos kidec”...

xSirad, metyvelebaSi -oooo=alalalal formanti ganicdis fonetikur

cvlilebas: -oooo=alalalal > =olololol; mag.: zu qar=zu=x=ol “vicxovro kidec-

da”, “iqneba vicxovro kidec-da”, un qar=ru=x=ol “icxovro kidec-

da”, “iqneba icxovro kidec-da” da a.S.

zmnis drozmnis drozmnis drozmnis dro----kiloTa kiloTa kiloTa kiloTa warTqmiTwarTqmiTwarTqmiTwarTqmiT----uaryofiTi formebis paradigmauaryofiTi formebis paradigmauaryofiTi formebis paradigmauaryofiTi formebis paradigma

zmnis baqbaqbaqbaq-es//baqbaqbaqbaq-sun “yofa”, “arseboba”, gaxdoma” magaliTze (dro-

kiloebi warmodgenilia III mx. piris formiT mxoloobiTSi; piris

niSnebia: =nenenene//=nnnn > [...llll]=lelelele). TiToeul dro-kilosTan piris niSnis

yvelaze gavrcelebuli ganlagebaa mocemuli:

drodrodrodro----kilos kilos kilos kilos

saxelwodebasaxelwodebasaxelwodebasaxelwodeba

warTqmiTi formawarTqmiTi formawarTqmiTi formawarTqmiTi forma uaryofiTi formauaryofiTi formauaryofiTi formauaryofiTi forma

awmyo ba=ne=q-s-a Te=ne=baq-s-a

imperfeqti ba=ne=q-s-a=Á Te=ne=baq-s-a=Á

perfeqti baq-e=ne baq-e=Te=ne

pluskvamperfeqti baq-e=ne=Á baq-e=Te=ne=Á

perfeqtze nawarmoebi

iusivi

baq-e=ya=n ma=ya=n=baq-e

* perfeqtze

nawarmoebi pirobiT-

natvriTi kilo

ba=gi=n=q-e n„=gi=n=baq-e

** kondicionali baq-a-Ái=n nu=baq-a-Ái=n

koniunqtivi baq-a=n(e) nu=baq-a=n(e)

*ma=baq-a=n(e)

namyos koniunqtivi baq-a=ne=Á nu=baq-a=ne=Á

*** imperativi baq-a ma=baq-a

162

myofadi potenciuri ba=ne=q-o//ba=ne=q-on ba=Te=ne=q-o//

ba=Te=ne=q-on

namyo-myofadi

potenciuri

ba=ne=q-o=Á ba=Te=ne=q-o=Á

* II koniunqtivi baq-o=al=le//

baq=ol=le

baq-o=al=Te=ne//

baq=ol=Te=ne

aoristi baq-i=ne baq-i=Te=ne

II perfeqti baq-iÁo=ne baq-iÁo=Te=ne

** II pluskvamperfeqti baq-i=ne=Á baq-i=Te=ne=Á

aoristze nawarmoebi

iusivi

baq-i=ya=n ma=ya=n=baq-i

* aoristze nawarmoebi

pirobiT-natvriTi

kilo

ba=gi=n=q-i n„=gi=n=baq-e

** kontrafaqtivi baq-i-Ái=n=iÁ nu=baq-i-Ái=n=iÁ

myofadi ZiriTadi baq-al=le baq-al=Te=ne

*nuT baq-al=le

namyo-myofadi baq-al=le=Á baq-al=Te=ne=Á

*nuT baq-al=le=Á

myofadi

aucileblobiTi

baq-ala=ne baq-ala=Te=ne//

nu=baq-ala=ne

*nuT baq-ala=ne

namyo-myofadi

aucileblobiTi

baq-ala=ne=Á baq-ala=Te=ne=Á//

nu=baq-ala=ne=Á

*nuT baq-ala=ne=Á

* myofadi

nawilakovani

baq-al=al=le nuT baq-al=al=le

baq-al=al=Te=ne

* * * * aRniSnuli formebi mxolod varTaSnul kiloSi gvxvdeba.

** ** ** ** warmodgenili formebi mxolod nijur kiloSi gvxvdeba.

************ imperativi mocemulia II piris formiT mxoloobiTSi.

163

saxelzmnuri formebisaxelzmnuri formebisaxelzmnuri formebisaxelzmnuri formebi

udiurSi saxelzmnuri formebidan dasturdeba: masdarisa da

mimReobis or-ori forma da absolutivis oTxi forma.

yvela saxelzmnur formas axasiaTebs rogorc zmnuri, ise

saxeluri Tvisebebi; zmnuri Tvisebebia:

moqmedebisa an mdgomareobis gamoxatva;

zmnis piriani formebis msgavsad, masTan dakavSirebuli

saxelis marTvis unari, anu saxelzmnuri formebi sintagmaSi

predikatis funqciiT gvevlineba.

umTavresi saxeluri Tviseba, romelic nazmnar saxels

axasiaTebs, aris brunvisa da ricxvis kategoriaTa qona.

masdarimasdarimasdarimasdari

udiurSi gvxvdeba ori TiTqos gardamavali, erTgvari

funqciis mqone forma: orive forma ibrunvis, rac maT aaxlovebs

masdarTan da orive forma SesityvebaSi marTavs saxels brunvaSi,

rac infinitivis Tvisebas warmoadgens. gamomdinare iqidan, rom am

formebs infinitivis sxva niSnebi ar axasiaTebs (es formebi ar

ganarCeven drosa da gvars; gansazRvrebad masTan gamoyenebulia

zedsarTavi saxeli, iseve, rogorc Cveulebriv saxelTan) maT

vuwodebT masdars, Tumca SesaZlebeli iyo infinitiv-masdari-c

gvewodebina, ise rogorc es aris evg. jeiraniSvilis naSromebSi

udiuris Sesaxeb.1

pirveli iwarmoeba zmnis fuZeze dayrdnobiT -eseseses sufiqsis2

darTviT (martiv-mawarmoebliani masdari; masdari I), xolo meore _

1 ix.: jeiraniSvili evg., udiuri ena (gramatika, qrestomaTia, leqsikoni),

Tbilisi, 1971, gv. 104-107. 2 -eeeessss, rogorc Cans, saerTo lezgiuris micemiTi brunvis niSans (*-ssss)

ukavSirdeba _ Алексеев М. Е., Вопросы сравнительно-исторической грамматики лезгинских

языков. Морфология. Синтаксис, Москва, 1985, gv. 45, 100.

164

martiv-mawarmoebliani masdaris formaze -unununun sufiqsis1 darTviT

(rTul-mawarmoebliani masdari; masdari II).

martivmartivmartivmartiv----mawmawmawmawarmoebliani masdariarmoebliani masdariarmoebliani masdariarmoebliani masdari

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, masdaris es forma -eseseses sufiqsis

meSveobiT iwarmoeba: b-es “keTeba”, “qmna”; f-es “Tqma”, “laparaki”;

baq-es “yofa”, “arseboba”, “gaxdoma”, “SeZleba”; uq-es “Wama”; uRˤ-es

“sma”, “daleva”; bix-es “Soba”; box-es “xarSva”; bask-es “wola”; Curf-

es “dgoma”...

es forma winadadebaSi gamoxatavs moqmedebis mizan-mizezs,

miswrafebasa da mizan-dasaxulobas, mag.:

un bavaqo qatux ffff-eseseses “Sen SegiZlia amis (mic.) TqmTqmTqmTqmaaaa”;

za baqal Teza me aSlax bbbb-eseseses “me ar SemiZlia am saqmis (mic.)

keTebakeTebakeTebakeTeba”;

melin WeRWeRWeRWeR-eseseses oxari Tene “aqedan gasvlagasvlagasvlagasvla advili ar aris”;

evaxtvabuysa TaÁTaÁTaÁTaÁ-eseseses “rodis ginda (gsurs) wasvlawasvlawasvlawasvla”...

martiv-mawarmoebliani masdari yvela brunvis niSans ver

iguebs (naTesaobiTisa da Tandebuliani brunvebis, ablativisa da

komitativis garda):

sax. b-es “keTeba” f-es “Tqma”

erg. (instr.) bes-in fes-in

mic. bes-a[x] fes-a[x]

abl. bes-axo fes-axo

kom. bes-axol[an] fes-axol[an]

martiv-mawarmoebliani masdaris formantiseuli eeee xmovani irib

brunvata formebSi zogjer reduqcias ganicdis, mag.:

1 rogorc araerTgzis aRiniSna samecniero literaturaSi (a. Sifneri, a. diri,

n. trubeckoi, vl. fanCviZe, evg. jeiraniSvili), es niSani warmoSobiT naTesaobiTi

brunvis formants unda warmoadgendes.

165

sax. baq-es “yofa”, “arseboba”,

“gaxdoma”, “SeZleba”

qarx-es “cxovreba”

mic. baq’s-a[x] qarx’s-a[x]

abl. baq’s-axo qarx’s-axo

kom. baq’s-axol[an] qarx’s-axol[an]

masdaris aRniSnuli forma mastan Sewyobil saxels marTavs

iseve, rogorc zmnis piriani forma, mag.:

bavaqo me aSaSaSaS-llll-axaxaxax bbbb-eseseses “SegiZlia am saqmissaqmissaqmissaqmis (mic.) keTebakeTebakeTebakeTeba”...1

irib brunvaTa formebSic martiv-mawarmoebliani masdari

SeiZleba iyos gamoyenebuli predikatis funqciiT, mag.:

qa xabarxabarxabarxabar-axaxaxax fesfesfesfes-axoaxoaxoaxo “mag ambisambisambisambis (mic.) TqmamdeTqmamdeTqmamdeTqmamde”...

saxelobiTisa da micemiTis garda, martiv-mawarmoebliani

masdaris danarCen brunvaTa formebi TiTosda absolutivis gagebas

gvaZlevs, mag.:

vaˤ qarozneTasta ffff-eseseses-inininin “qadagebda da ityodaityodaityodaityoda (INS)” (mrk. 1, 7);

qatux ffff-eseseses-axoaxoaxoaxo “magis Tqmamde Tqmamde Tqmamde Tqmamde (ABL)”;

qa xabar-ax ffff-eseseses-axoaxoaxoaxolanlanlanlan “mag ambis TqmTqmTqmTqmisTanave isTanave isTanave isTanave (COM)”...

rTulrTulrTulrTul----mawarmoebliani masdarimawarmoebliani masdarimawarmoebliani masdarimawarmoebliani masdari

meore tipis masdari (rTul-mawarmoebliani masdari; masdari

II) iwarmoeba martiv-mawarmoebliani masdaris formaze -unununun sufiqsis

darTviT; am dros xSirad viTardeba formantiseuli eeee bgeris

reduqcia: b-es-un “keTeba”, “qmna”; f-es-un “Tqma”, “laparaki”; baq’s-un

< baq-es “yofa”, “arseboba”, “gaxdoma”, “SeZleba”; uq’s-un < uq-es-un

“Wama”; uRˤ’s-un < uRˤ-es-un “sma”, “daleva”; bix’s-un < bix-es-un

1 aq masdari predikatis funqciiT gvxvdeba: igi marTavs masTan Sewyobil

pirdapir damatebas micemiT brunvaSi, maSin rodesac saxelTan Sewyobili es

sityva (aSaSaSaS “saqme”) naTesaobiTi brunvis formiT iqneboda warmodgenili.

166

“Soba”; box’s-un < box-es-un “xarSva”; bask-es-un “wola”; Curf-es-un

“dgoma”...

rTul-mawarmoebliani masdaris warmoebisas gavrcelebulia

Tanxmovan bgeraTa gadasmac: bist-un < *bit-s-un < bit-es-un “Tesva”;

bisT-un < *biT-s-un < biT-es-un “vardna”, “gdeba’...

rTul-mawarmoebliani masdari, masdari I-sagan gansxvavebiT,

Cveulebrivad ibrunvis, anu yvela brunvas awarmoebs mxoloobiTSi;

mravlobiTs masdaris formebi ar awarmoeben:

sax. b-es-un “keTeba” f-es-un “Tqma”

erg.

naT.

bes-un-en

bes-un-un

fes-un-en

fes-un-un

mic. bes-un-a[x] fes-un-a[x]

abl. bes-un-axo fes-un-axo

kom.

ades.

bes-un-axol[an]

bes-un-asta

fes-un-axol[an]

fes-un-asta

alat. bes-un-aW fes-un-aW

super. bes-un-al fes-un-al

ben. bes-un-enk[ena] fes-un-enk[ena]

rTul-mawarmoebliani masdaris formis mniSvneloba emTxveva

pirveli tipis masdaris mniSvnelobas. martiv-mawarmoeblian

masdarTan SedarebiT, rTul-mawarmoeblian masdars aqvs

gamoxatuli zmnis (moqmedebis) saxelis (rus. «Имя глагола») Sinaarsi.

es forma qarTuli enis masdarisagan imiT gansxvavdeba, rom

SesityvebaSi mas, martiv-mawarmoebliani masdarisa da zmnis piriani

formebis msgavsad, aqvs predikatuli daniSnuleba; masdaris am

formas SeuZlia saxelis marTva, mag.:

aS//aS-l-ax b-es-un “saqme//saqmes keTeba”;

†i//†i-n-ax uRˤ-s-un “Rvino//Rvinos daleva”...

167

samecniero literaturaSi gamoiTqva sxvadasxva mosazrebebi

masdaris formebis Sesaxeb: a. Sifneri da a. diri orive formas

infinitivad ganixilaven;1 evg. jeiraniSvili, rogorc zemoT

aRiniSna, am formebs infinitiv-masdars uwodebs;2 a. harisi da t.

maisaki -es sufiqsian formas infinitivad miiCneven, xolo -es-un

formatians _ masdarad;3 vl. fanCviZisa da v. Sulces azriT ki,

orive SemTxvevaSi masdarTan gvaqvs saqme.4

udiurisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli unda yofiliyo masdaris kidev

erTi forma, romlis naSti dRes arsebiT saxelSi gvxvdeba. am

formis mawarmoebeli -unununun sufiqsi unda yofiliyo, romelic

uSualod zmnis fuZes daerTvoda bolokidurad:

bit-un “naTesi”, Sdr. bit-es “Tesva”;

uq-un “saWmeli”, Sdr. uq-es “Wama”;

ned-un “sadedi”, Sdr. ned-es “Sededevba”;

Caf-un “gamonayari”, Sdr. Caf-es “gamoyra”;

†uf-un “amosunTqva”, Sdr. †uf-es “sunTqva”, “Seberva”...

1 Schiefner A., Versuch über die Sprache der Uden, Mémoires de ľacadémie impériae des sciences de

St. Pétersbourg, VII ͤ S., P. VI, #8, 1863, gv. 28; Дирр А. М., Грамматика удинского языка, Тифлис,

1903, gv. 39. 2 jeiraniSvili evg., udiuri ena (gramatika, qrestomaTia, leqsikoni), Tbilisi,

1971, gv. 104-107. 3 Alice C. Harris., Endoclitics and the Origins of Udi Morphosyntax, Oxford, 2002; Майсак Т.А.,

Глагольная парадигма удинского языка (ниджский диалект), Удинский сборник (грамматика, лексика, история языка), Москва, 2008, gv. 115-116.

4 vl. fanCviZe, “infinitivis” formaTa warmoeba da mniSvneloba udur enaSi,

mecn. akad. moambe, t. III, #2 da #4, Tbilisi, 1942; misive, uduris gramatikuli

analizi, Tbilisi, 1974, gv. 193-200; Schulze W., Die Sprache der Udin in Nord-Azerbaidzan,

Wiesbaden, 1982 da sxva.

168

mimReobamimReobamimReobamimReoba

udiur enaSi dasturdeba mimReobis ori ZiriTadi forma;

esenia: sruli saxis mimReoba da usruli saxis mimReoba, romelic,

Sesabamisad, dasrulebuli (sruli saxis) an dausrulebeli

(usruli saxis) moqmedebisaTvis an mdgomareobisaTvis gamoiyeneba.1

udiurSi mimReobas gaaCnia sxvadasxvagvari funqciebi, romelic

ufro vrcelia, vidre, magaliTad, qarTuli enis mimReobisa.

mimReobis warmoeba da funqciebi principulad erTgvaria udiuri

enis orive kiloSi.

sruli saxis mimReobasruli saxis mimReobasruli saxis mimReobasruli saxis mimReoba

sruli saxis mimReoba zmnis fuZeze dayrdnobiT iwarmoeba -iiii

sufiqsis meSveobiT, mag.:

b-i “nakeTebi”; f-i “naTqvami”; baq-i “namyofi”; qarx-i

“nacxovrebi”; uq-i “naWami”; mand-i “darCenili”; arc-i “damjdari”;

box-ec-i “moxarSuli”; bask-i “dawolili”...

sruli saxis mimReoba ucvlelia, rodesac igi msazRvreladaa

gamoyenebuli:

sax. ariariariari adamar adamar adamar adamar

“mosuli adamiani”

mandimandimandimandi adamaradamaradamaradamar

“darCenili adamiani”

erg. ari adamar-en mandi adamar-en

naT. ari adamar-i mandi adamar-i

mic. ari adamar-a[x] mandi adamar-a[x]

abl. ari adamar-ax-o mandi adamar-ax-o

mr. ricxvi ari adamar-ux mandi adamar-ux

1 samecniero literaturaSi (vl. fanCviZe, evg. jeiraniSvili da sxva) Semdegi

terminebic gvxvdeba: namyos mimReoba (sruli saxis mimReoba) da awmyo-myofadis

mimReoba (usruli saxis mimReoba). unda aRiniSnos, rom drois kategoria

mimReobaSiwarmodgenilia mkrTalad.

169

Tu mimReoba substantivadaa gamoyenebuli, mas daerTvis -oooo

masubstantivebeli elementi da ibrunvis zedsarTavi saxelebis,

nacvalsaxelebisa da ricxviTi saxelis msgavsad:

sax.


ariariariari----oooo

“mosuli”


ariariariari----oooo----rrrr


mandimandimandimandi----oooo

“darCenili”


mandimandimandimandi----oooo----rrrr

erg. ari-o-t-in ari-o-t-R-on mandio-o-t-in mandi-o-t-R-on

naT. ari-o-t-a[Á] ari-o-t-R-o[Á] mandi-o-t-a[Á] mandi-o-t-R-o[Á]

mic. ari-o-t-u[x] ari-o-t-R-o[x] mandi-o-t-u[x] mandi-o-t-R-o[x]

abl. ari-o-t-uxo ari-o-t-R-oxo mandi-o-t-uxo mandi-o-t-R-oxo

kom. ari-o-t-

uxol[an]

ari-o-t-R-

oxol[an]

mandi-o-t-

uxol[an]

mandi-o-t-R-

oxol[an]

ades. ari-o-t-usta ari-o-t-R-osta mandi-o-t-usta mandi-o-t-R-osta

alat. ari-o-t-uW ari-o-t-R-oW mandi-o-t-uW mandi-o-t-R-oW

sup. ari-o-t-ul ari-o-t-R-ol mandi-o-t-ul mandi-o-t-R-ol

ben. ari-o-t-enk[ena] ari-o-t-R-onk[ena] mandi-o-t-enk[ena] mandi-o-t-R-onk[ena]

aRsaniSnavia, rom zogierTi mkvlevris azriT (a. Sifneri,

a.diri, t. maisaki), sruli saxis mimReoba zogjer absolutivis

funqciiT gvevlineba, mag.:

isus-en, qex boxodboxodboxodboxod-iiii, la†nedi Setul vaˤ fine “iesom, gaSala

ra xeli, Seexo mas da Tqva” (rus. «Иисус простерши руку, коснулся его

и сказал») (mT. 8, 2);

adamarRox akakakak-iiii, Sono laÁneci burRol “dainaxa ra xalxi, is

avida mTaze” («увидев народ, он взошел на гору») (mT. 5, 1)...

safiqrebelia, rom am da msgavs magaliTebSi, saqme gvqondes

ara mimReobisa an absolutivis formasTan, aramed aoristis

formasTan, romelsac gamotovebuli aqvs piris niSani (aseTi

170

movlena udiurSi ar warmoadgens iSviaTobas; ix. zmna). Sesabamisad

arniSnuli winadadebebi unda iTargmnos aseTnairad:

“iesom gaSala xeli, Seexo mas da Tqva”;

“dainaxa xalxi [da] is avida mTaze”...

usruli saxis mimReobausruli saxis mimReobausruli saxis mimReobausruli saxis mimReoba

usruli saxis mimReoba zmnis fuZeze dayrdnobiT -alalalal//-alaalaalaala

sufiqsebis darTviT iwarmoeba. amasTan aRsaniSnavia, rom -alalalal

sufiqsi, rogorc wesi, moqmedebiTi gvaris Sinaarsis mimReobas

awarmoebs, xolo -alaalaalaala _ vnebiTi gvaris Sinaarsis (Tumca -alalalal

sufiqsiani warmoebac aRiniSneba),1 Sdr.:

b-al “mkeTebeli”

baq-al “myofi”

uq-al “mWameli”

akest-al “maCvenebeli”

arc-al “mjdomi”, “damjdomi”

b-ala “sakeTebeli”

baq-ala “samyofi”, “samyofeli”

uq-ala “SesaWmeli”

akest-ala “saCvenebeli”

arc-ala “dasajdomi”...

usruli saxis mimReoba ucvlelia, Tu igi msazRvrelis

funqciiT gvxvdeba:

sax. eRaleRaleRaleRal adamar adamar adamar adamar

“momsvleli adamiani”

TaRalTaRalTaRalTaRal adamaradamaradamaradamar

“wamsvleli adamiani”

erg. eRal adamar-en TaRal adamar-en

naT. eRal adamar-i TaRal adamar-i

mic. eRal adamar-a[x] TaRal adamar-a[x]

abl. eRal adamar-ax-o TaRal adamar-ax-o

mr. ricxvi eRal adamar-ux TaRal adamar-ux

1 gvaris kategoria udiurSi Canasaxovan mdgomareobaSi imyofeba.

171

substantivad gamoyenebuli am tipis mimReoba sruli saxis

mimReobis msgavsad ibrunvis:

sax.

mx. ricxvi

eRaleRaleRaleRal----oooo

“momsvleli”

mr. ricxvi

eRaleRaleRaleRal----oooo----rrrr

mx. ricxvi

TaRalTaRalTaRalTaRal----oooo

“wamsvleli”

mr. ricxvi

TaRalTaRalTaRalTaRal----oooo----rrrr

erg. eRal-o-t-in eRal-o-t-R-on TaRal-o-t-in TaRal-o-t-R-on

naT. eRal-o-t-a[Á] eRal-o-t-R-o[Á] TaRal-o-t-a[Á] TaRal-o-t-R-o[Á]

mic. eRal-o-t-u[x] eRal-o-t-R-o[x] TaRal-o-t-u[x] TaRal-o-t-R-o[x]

abl. eRal-o-t-uxo eRal-o-t-R-oxo TaRal-o-t-uxo TaRal-o-t-R-oxo

kom. eRal-o-t-

uxol[an]

eRal-o-t-R-

oxol[an]

TaRal-o-t-

uxol[an]

TaRal-o-t-R-

oxol[an]

ades. eRal-o-t-usta eRal-o-t-R-osta TaRal-o-t-usta TaRal-o-t-R-osta

alat. eRal-o-t-uW eRal-o-t-R-oW TaRal-o-t-uW TaRal-o-t-R-oW

sup. eRal-o-t-ul eRal-o-t-R-ol TaRal-o-t-ul TaRal-o-t-R-ol

ben. eRal-o-t-

enk[ena]

eRal-o-t-R-

onk[ena]

TaRal-o-t-

enk[ena]

TaRal-o-t-R-

onk[ena]

mimReoba droTa sawarmoebladmimReoba droTa sawarmoebladmimReoba droTa sawarmoebladmimReoba droTa sawarmoeblad

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, udiur enaSi sruli an usruli

mimReobis formaze dayrdnobiT dro-kiloTa didi nawili iwarmoeba.

sruli saxis mimReobis formaze dayrdnobiT

nawarmoebi formebi: aoristi (sruli saxis mimReobis formas

emTxveva + piris niSani); II perfeqti (+ ÁÁÁÁ-oooo; substantivad

gamoyenebuli sruli saxis mimReobis formas emTxveva + piris

niSani); aoristis formaze dayrdnobiT nawarmoebi iusivi (aoristi +

yayayaya=); aoristis formaze dayrdnobiT nawarmoebi pirobiT-natvriTi

kilo (aoristi + gigigigi=); II plukvamperfeqti (aoristi + =ÁÁÁÁ);

kontrafaqtivi (aoristi + ÁiÁiÁiÁi- [< *gigigigi=] + =ÁÁÁÁ//=iÁiÁiÁiÁ).

usruli saxis mimReobis formaze dayrdnobiT

nawarmoebi formebi: myofadi ZiriTadi (-alalalal mawarmoebliani

172

usruli saxis mimreobis formas emTxveva + piris niSani) da misgan

nawarmoebi namyo-myofadi ZiriTadi (myofadi ZiriTadi + =ÁÁÁÁ) da

myofadi nawilakovani (myofadi ZiriTadi + =aaaallll); myofadi

aucileblobiTi (usruli saxis mimReobis -alaalaalaala mawarmoeblian formas

emTxveva + piris niSani) da misgan nawarmoebi namyo-myofadi

aucileblobiTi (myofadi aucileblobiTi + =ÁÁÁÁ).

sqematurad es SegviZlia ase warmovadginoT:

sruli saxis

mimReoba

aoristi

aoristis formaze dayrdnobiT

nawarmoebi iusivi;

aoristis formaze dayrdnobiT

nawarmoebi pirobiT-natvriTi

kilo (varT.);

II plukvamperfeqti (nij.);

kontrafaqtivi (nij.);

usruli saxis

mimReoba

myofadi ZiriTadi

myofadi aucileb-lobiTi

namyo-myofadi ZiriTadi

namyo-myofadi aucileblobiTi

myofadi nawilakovani

(varT.)

II perfeqti

173

saxelis marTva mimReobis miersaxelis marTva mimReobis miersaxelis marTva mimReobis miersaxelis marTva mimReobis mier

mimReoba marTavs saxels im formaSi, romelsac moiTxovs

zmnis piriani forma: masdarisagan gansxvavebiT, aseTi marTva

dasturdeba rogorc obieqtis, ise subieqtis SemTxvevaSi:

vaˤ ixnebaqi petren isusisusisusisus-enenenen fifififi ÁTÁTÁTÁT-axaxaxax “da gaixsena petrem iesosiesosiesosiesos

(erg.) naTqvaminaTqvaminaTqvaminaTqvami sityvasityvasityvasityva (mic.)” (mT. 14, 72); Sdr. aoristis formiT: isus-

en fi=ne ÁT-ax “iesom Tqva sityva”;

te vaxta Tamnebaqi eremiaeremiaeremiaeremia fexambarfexambarfexambarfexambar-enenenen fifififi-oooo “maSin aRsrulda

eremia winaswarmetyvelis eremia winaswarmetyvelis eremia winaswarmetyvelis eremia winaswarmetyvelis (erg.) naTqvaminaTqvaminaTqvaminaTqvami” (mT. 12, 17);

a†refanan eeeeˤ††††ax bifarkalax bifarkalax bifarkalax bifarkal-tttt-RRRR-oxoxoxox! “daloceT TqveniTqveniTqveniTqveni (mic.)

mawyevarnimawyevarnimawyevarnimawyevarni” (mT. 5, 44)...

174

absolutiviabsolutiviabsolutiviabsolutivi

absolutivi Iabsolutivi Iabsolutivi Iabsolutivi I

specialur literaturaSi aRniSnuli supinis an I supinis (a.

Sifneri), anda supinumis saxeliT aris cnobili (evg. jeiraniSvili).

es forma martiv-mawarmoebliani masdaris formaze

dayrdnobiT iwarmoeba -anananan sufiqsis darTviT. savaraudod, es

mawarmoebeli warmoSobiT benefaqtivis niSans warmoadgens.1 am

varaudis sasargeblod metyvelebs: q. varTaSenSi dadasturebuli

iyo am mawarmoeblis -anqanqanqanq forma; nijurSi I absolutivis nacvlad

benefaqtivis forma ixmareba, Sdr.:

varT. CˤovalRo kaW TastTastTastTast-anananan serÁanbe daxtakaxo yuTi

“beRurisaTvis sakenkis misacemad (ABS I) ficrisagan yuTi

gavakeToT”;

nij. Cˤovalxo qaC TasTeÁnaq doxTdoxTdoxTdoxTaqaqaqaqaxunaxunaxunaxun (BEN)

ÃuTiÁanserbio “id”...

absolutivis aRniSnuli forma mizez-mizansa da

mizandasaxulobis gamosaxatavad gamoiyeneba:

b-es-an “keTebad”, “sakeTeblad”, “qmnad”; f-es-an “Tqmad”,

“saTqmelad”; uq’s-an < uq-es-an “Wamad”, “saWmelad”; uRˤ-es “sma”,

“daleva”; box’s-an < box-es “xarSvad”, “saxarSavad”; bask-es-an

“wolad”, “dasawolad”; Curf-es “dgomad”, “dadgomad”; asbes-an

“muSaobad”, “samuSaod”...

winadadebaSi aRniSnuli forma miznis damatebad gamoiyeneba,

mag.: arrece camfescamfescamfescamfes-anananan “dajda sawerad (werad)”;

iSu Tanesa Cli biysbiysbiysbiys-anananan “kaci modis Tevzis dasaWerad

(saWerad)”...

1 vl. fanCviZe, uduris gramatikuli analizi, Tbilisi, 1974, gv. 212-213.

175

absolutivi IIabsolutivi IIabsolutivi IIabsolutivi II

absolutivis meore formas sxvadasxva sufiqsebi awarmoebs;

varTaSnulSi dasturdeba: -amaamaamaama; -aminaminaminamin; -tatatata-amaamaamaama > -tttt-amaamaamaama; -tttt-aminaminaminamin;

nijurSi yvelaze gavrcelebulia -aminaminaminamin; -amunamunamunamun da reducirebuli -amamamam;

aseve dasturdeba: -amaamaamaama; -amamamamÊnnnn; -amamamamÊnnnn-jajajaja...

iwarmoeba es forma zmnis pirvelad fuZeze dayrdnobiT, an,

zogjer, sruli saxis mimReobis formaze dayrdnobiT, mag.:

qarx-es “cxovreba”; qarx-ama//qarx-amin; q arxi-ama//qarxi-t-ama//

qarxi-ta-amin “cxovrebamde”, “vidre cxovrobs”...

mniSvnelobiT es forma gadmogvcems qarTuli -mdemdemdemde Tandebulis

semantikas, zogjer ki vidrevidrevidrevidre, manammanammanammanam kavSiris semantikas:

tiÁa baqa zu vax ukukukuk-amaamaamaama! “iq iyavi vidre me getyvi (Tqmamde)”

(mT. 2, 13);

tiÁa baneqi irod bibibibi-amaamaamaama “iq iyo herodes sikvdilamde” (mT. 2,

15);

Sotu nut akaltu biesuna xristos bixoRo akakakak-amaamaamaama “igi ver

ixilavs sikvdils qriste RmerTis naxvamde” (lk. 2, 26)...

absolutivi IIIabsolutivi IIIabsolutivi IIIabsolutivi III

aRniSnuli forma uSualod zmnis pirvelas fuZeze

dayrdnobiT iwarmoeba -axunaxunaxunaxun//-xunxunxunxun sufiqsis darTviT da gamoxatavs

moqmedebis Tanadroulobas, mag.: b-axun “keTebisas”, “keTebis dros”;

baq-axun “yofnisas”, “yofnis dros”; uq-axun “Wamisas”, “Wamis dros”.

aRsaniSnavia, rom araregularul zmnebTan am formis

warmoebis dros gamoiyeneba usruli mimReobis (= myofadis) fuZe,

mag.: uk-axun “Tqmisas”, Tqmis dros”; eR-axun “mosvlisas”, mosvlis

dros”...

galileun drianaxo iSˤa WebaqWebaqWebaqWebaq-axunxunxunxun Setu atuki paˤ viCex

“galileas zRvis axlos gasvlisas man dainaxa ori Zma” (mT. 5, 18)...

nijur kiloSi absolutivis es forma ar dasturdeba.

176

absolutivi IVabsolutivi IVabsolutivi IVabsolutivi IV

IV absolutivic gamoxatavs moqmedebis Tanafardobas, anu

Tavisi semantikiT III absolutivs Seesatyviseba. gansxvaveba imaSi

mdgomareobs, rom III absolutivi dausrulebel moqmedebaze

migviTiTebs, xolo IV _ dasrulebulze.1

aRniSnuli forma -atanatanatanatan//-tantantantan sufiqsis meSveobiT iwarmoeba an

uSualod zmnis pirvelad fuZeze dayrdnobiT, anda sruli saxis

mimReobis formaze dayrdnobiT, mag.: b-atan “keTebisas”, “keTebis

dros”; baq-atan “yofnisas”, “yofnis dros”; uq-atan “Wamisas”, “Wamis

dros”...

rustamen exne, Te ey qambaqiqambaqiqambaqiqambaqi-tantantantan iC budduxo bonete “rustami

eubneba, rom xorcis daklebisas [gaTavebisas] Tavisi barZayidan

moiWra”...

garda aRniSnuli formebisa, udiurSi gvxvdeba forma,

romelic “Zvel” absolutivad unda miviCnioT. safiqrebelia, rom am

formisaganac warmoqmnilia absolutivis oTxive produqtiuli

forma. am formis mawarmoebelia -aaaa sufiqsi, romelic uSualod

zmnis fuZes daerTvis bolokidurad. aRniSnuli forma

gavrcelebulia nijurSi, xolo varTaSnulSi aqa-iq gvxvdeba,

ZiriTadad xalxur zepirsityvierebaSi, mag.:

WurkWurkWurkWurk-aaaa-WurkWurkWurkWurk-aaaa lanesa, gamaT-gamaT cinesa “xveul-xveul adis,

Caf-Cafad Camodis” (gamocana)...

1 samecniero literaturaSi gamoiTqva mosazreba, romlis Tanaxmad am

SemTxvevaSi erT formasTan unda gvqondes saqme _ jeiraniSvili evg., udiuri ena

(gramatika, qrestomaTia, leqsikoni), Tbilisi, 1971, gv. 110-111.

177

saxelis marTva absolutisaxelis marTva absolutisaxelis marTva absolutisaxelis marTva absolutivis miervis miervis miervis mier

absolutivi oTxive forma masTan Sewyobil saxels marTavs

brunvaSi, zmnis piriani saxelis msgavsad:

vaˤ areÁan SotuSotuSotuSotu bulkowbesbulkowbesbulkowbesbulkowbes-anananan “da movediT mas (mic.)

Tayvanissacemad [mas Tavi movuxaroT]” (mT. 2, 2)...

tiÁa baqa zu vaxvaxvaxvax ukukukuk-amaamaamaama! “iq iyavi vidre me Sen (mic.) getyvi

[Tqmamde]” (mT. 2, 13);

SonoSonoSonoSono eReReReR-axunaxunaxunaxun me aSlax CxarzuksaÁ “misi (sax.) mosvlisas am

saqmes vamTavrebdi”;

babababababababa-xxxx akakakak-iiii-tantantantan zu kuazu “mamis (mic.) danaxvisas me Sin

(saxlSi) viyavi”...

178

formaucvleli sityvebiformaucvleli sityvebiformaucvleli sityvebiformaucvleli sityvebi

zmnisarTizmnisarTizmnisarTizmnisarTi

agebulebis mixedviT udiurSi gamoiyofa martivi (pirveladi)

da metyvelebis sxva nawilebisagan nawarmoebi zmnisarTebi.

nawarmoeb zmnisarTebSi SeiZleba gamovyoT rTuli agebulebis

(Txzuli) zmnisarTebi.

udiur enaSi naklebadaa warmodgenili martivi agebulebis

zmnisarTebi. aseTebad unda miviCnioT iseTi zmnisarTebi, romlis

daSla amJamad Semadgenel nawilebad ver xerxdeba, mag. beSˤ “win”,

ÃoS “ukan”, boS “Sig”, toS (varT.)//C”S (nij.) “gareT”, cina “qvemoT”,

bula “zemoT”, g”l” “bevri”...

warmoSobiT zmnizeda, Cveulebriv, saxelia da warmodgenilia

romelime brunvis formiT (nominativis garda, romelic

gauformebel fuZes warmoadgens). es, rogorc wesi, naTesaobiTis,

micemiTisa an Tandebuliani brunvebis formaa, mag.:

bul “Tavi” > bul-a “zeviT”, “TavSi”; oy “Ziri”, “fskeri”, “qveda

mxare” > oy-a “dabla”, qveviT”, “Zirs”, “fskerze”; oS “bolo” > oS-a

“Semdeg” (DAT)...

biÁas “saRamo” > biÁas-un “saRamos”; blzr “SuadRe” > blzr-

un “SuadRes” (GEN)...

beSˤ “win” > beSˤ-tan “winidan”; ÃoS “ukan” > ÃoS-tan “uknidan”

(INS ?)...

Wot “napiri”, “kiduri” > Wot-el “napiras”, “kideze”, “kidurze”;

toRˤ “gverdi”, “ferdi” > toRˤ-ol “Tana”, “gverdiT”; biRˤ “Sua”,

“SuaTana” > biRˤ-il “Sua”, “SuaSi”, “Soris” (SUPER);

ala “maRla” > al-axo “zemoTgan”; oy “Ziri”, “fskeri”, “qveda

mxare” > oy-axo “qvemoTgan” (ABL )...

unda aRiniSnos, rom xSirad emTxveva zedsarTavi saxelisa da

zmnisarTis forma, mag.: Sel “kargi” da Sel “kargad”...

179

rTuli agebulebis zmnisarTebSi gamoirCeva reduplikaciis

gziT warmoqmnili zmnisarTebi, mag.: dam-dam “dilas”; usin-usin

“Cqar-Cqara”; jok-jok “cal-calke”...

orfuZiani zmnisarTebi, mag.: me-Co “aqeT”, “am mxares” (me “es” +

Co//Cˤo “mxare”, “piri”); qa-Co “mag mxares” (qa “eg” + Co//Cˤo “mxare”,

“piri”); te-Co “iqiT”, “mag mxares” (te “is” + Co//Cˤo “mxare”, “piri”);

bip-Co “oTxmxriv”, “irgvliv”, “garSemo” (bip “oTxi” + Co//Cˤo “mxare”,

“piri”); tiÁa-miÁa “aqeT-iqiT”, “aqa-iq” (tiÁa “aq”, miÁa “iq”)...

aaaadgilis zmnisarTebidgilis zmnisarTebidgilis zmnisarTebidgilis zmnisarTebi

warmoeba-agebulebis mixedviT adgilis zmnisarTebi udiurSi

ramdenime jgufad iyofa:

1) zmnisarTebi, romelic istoriulad micemiTsa an romelime

Tandebulian brunvaSi dasmul saxels warmoadgens:

bul-a “zeviT”, “TavSi” (bul “Tavi”); oy-a “dabla”, qveviT”,

“Zirs”, “fskerze” (oy “Ziri”, “fskeri”, “qveda mxare”); oS-a “Semdeg”

(oS “bolo”)... [DAT];

Wot-el “napiras”, “kideze”, “kidurze” (Wot “napiri”, “kiduri”);

toRˤ-ol “Tana”, “gverdiT” (toRˤ “gverdi”, “ferdi”); biRˤ-il “Sua”,

“SuaSi”, “Soris” (biRˤ “Sua”, “SuaTana”)... [SUPER];

al-axo “zemodan” (ala “maRla”); oy-axo “qvemodan” (oy “Ziri”,

“fskeri”, “qveda mxare”; oy-a “dabla”, qveviT”, “Zirs”, “fskerze”)...

[ABL ].

2) pirveladi agebulebis zmnisarTebi (istoriulad _

gauformebeli fuZiT warmodgenilni): mag. beSˤ “win”, ÃoS “ukan”, boS

“Sig”, toS (varT.)//C”S (nij.) “gareT”... yvela am zmnisarTis fuZeSi

saerToa -oSoSoSoS, -SSSS elementi.

SeniSvna: aRniSnul zmnisarTebze -tantantantan elementis darTviT

(safiqrebelia, rom warmoSobiT ergativ-instrumentalisis

niSania) warmoiqmneba zmnisarTTa erTi saxeoba: boS-tan

180

“Signidan”, toS-tan (nij. C”xixun) “garedan”, ÃoS-tan

“uknidan”, beSˤ-tan “winidan”...

3) mVmVmVmV-, qVqVqVqV, tVtVtVtV- elementiani adverbialuri mniSvnelobis

sityvebi:

miÁ-a < mi-a “aq”

mi-x “aq”

ma-Ra “aqeT”

me-l-an//me-l-in

“aqedan”

mel-cirik “aqamde”

me-Co “aqeT”, “aqeTken”

qa < qa-a “mand”

qa-l-an//qa-l-in

“mandedan”

qa-Co “mandeT”,

“mandeTken”

tiÁ-a < ti-a “iq”

tiÁa-miÁa “iqa-aq”

ta-Ra “iqeT”

taRa-maRa “iqiT-aqeT”

te-l-an//te-l-in

“iqidan”

tel-cirik “iqamde”

te-Co “iqeT”,

“iqiTken”.

SeniSvna: samecniero literaturaSi gamoiTqva safuZvliani

mosazreba mVmVmVmV-, qVqVqVqV-, tVtVtVtV- elementebis nacvalsaxeluri

warmoSobis Sesaxeb, kerZod, CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebisgan

me “es”, qa “eg” da te “is”.1

4) reduplikaciiTa da fuZesTan Serwymuli -babababa infiqsis

gamoyenebiT miRebuli zmnisarTebi: ga-ba-ga “yvelgan”, “yovel

mxares” (ga “adgili”); Co-ba-Co “pirispir” (Co//Cˤo “piri”, “mxare”)...

drois zmnisarTebidrois zmnisarTebidrois zmnisarTebidrois zmnisarTebi

am mniSvnelobis zmnisarTebi warmoeba-agebulebis mixedviT


1 vl. fanCviZe, uduris gramatikuli analizi, Tbilisi, 1974, gv. 219-220;

jeiraniSvili evg., udiuri ena (gramatika, qrestomaTia, leqsikoni), Tbilisi, 1971,

gv. 114-115.

181

1) rogorc wesi, nawarmoebi drois zmnisarTebi micemiTsa am

naTesaobiT brunvaSi dasmuli arsebiTi saxelisagan warmoqmnili

sityvebia: Re-n-ax “yoveldRe” (Ri > Re “dRe”); usen-ax

“yovelwliurad” (usen “weliwadi”) [DAT];

biÁas-un “saRamos” (biÁas “saRamo”); blzr-un “SuadRes” (blzr

“SuadRe”) [GEN]...

zogjer amgvari drois zmnisarTi garTulebulia babababaˤ- an babababaˤ-ggggrrrr-

elementebiT, mag. baˤ-Re-na “guSinwin”, baˤ-gr-Rena “guSinwiniswin”...

iSviaTad drois zmnisarTs orive brunvis (dativisa da

genitivis) gaqvavebuli formanti aqvs, mag.: Re-n-ax-un “dRisiT”...

zogierT sityvaSi micemiTi brunvis sufiqsis gamoyofa mxolod

anologiiT xerxdeba, mag.: is-a “exla”... zogi zmnisarTis agebuleba

naTeli ar aris, mag.: narzux “wuxel”, naˤÁne “guSin”, Tumca,

savaraudoa, rom aqac micemiTis forma iyos.

2) rTulfuZiani drois zmnisarTebirTulfuZiani drois zmnisarTebirTulfuZiani drois zmnisarTebirTulfuZiani drois zmnisarTebi

a. reduplikaciiT miRebulireduplikaciiT miRebulireduplikaciiT miRebulireduplikaciiT miRebuli: dam-dam “dilas”, “diliT”; biÁas-

biÁas “saRamoobiT”, “yovel saRamos”...

xSirad fuZis gaormagebiT miRebuli drois zmnisarTebi

dakavSirebulia -babababa elementiT: usen-ba-usen “wlidan wlamde”,

“yovelwliurad”; Ri-ba-Ri “dRiTi dRe”, “yoveldRiurad”...

b. Txzuli zmnisarTebiTxzuli zmnisarTebiTxzuli zmnisarTebiTxzuli zmnisarTebi. 1. arsebiTi saxelis fuZisa da

mimReobisagan Sedgenili: Ri-Wurdi “dRe-gamoSvebiT” (Ri “dRe” +

Wurdi “dagrexili” > “gamotovebuli”)...

2. ricxviTi da arsebiTi saxelebisagan Semdgari: sa-vaxt “erT

dros”, “odesme”, “odesRac”; sa-ema-vaxt “erT xans” (sa “erTi” + ema

“ramdeni” + vaxt “dro”)...

3. nacvalsaxelisa da arsebiTi saxelisagan Sedgenili: me-Su

“amaRam” (me “es” + Su “Rame”); te-vaxt “im dros”, “maSin (te “is” +

vaxt “dro”)...

182

4. “lokativSi” (micemiTsa an ablativSi) dasmuli saxelisa da

zmnisarTisagan Semdgari: qaÁx-iSa “uTenia”, “alionze” (qÁ-x

“Tenebas”, “TenebaSi” [DAT] + iSa “axlos”); Reunaxo-taRa “dReis

iqiT” (Re-un-axo “dReisagan”, “dReidan” [ABL ] + taRa “iqiT”,

“iqiTken”)...

viTarebis zmnisarTebiviTarebis zmnisarTebiviTarebis zmnisarTebiviTarebis zmnisarTebi

warmoeba-agebulebis mixedviT udiuris viTarebis zmnisarTebi


1. viTarebis gamomxatveli zmnisarTebi, romlebic

miiRebian zedsarTavi saxelis adverbializaciiT, Sdr.: Sel “kargi”;

Sel “kargad”; g”l” “bevri”; g”l” “Zalian”, “bevrad”, “friad”...

2. fuZis gameorebiT miRebuli zmnisarTebi, mag.: g”l-g”l”

“bevr-bevri”, “blomad”; kiw-kiwi “cot-cota”, “cotaTi”...

3. saxelis fuZeze raime formantis, anda romelime sityvis

darTviT miRebuli zmnisarTebi, mag.: sal < sa-al “erTic”, “sulac”,

“erTxelac”, “kidev”, “kvlav” (sa “erTi” + =al _ -cccc nawilakis

funqciiT gamoiyeneba)...

4. nasesxebi viTarebis zmnisarTebi: ÁavaS “nela”, “auCqarebliv”;

ÁavaS-ÁavaS “nel-nela”; dinj “dinjad”, “wynarad”; Áegin “aCqarebiT”,

“swrafad”; Áegin-Áegin “Cqar-Cqara”; mehkŽm//m”hkŽm, ostavar “magrad”,

“mWidrod”; yoWaR//yoCCaR “yoCaRad”, “mxned”; fis “cudad”; SavaT

(nij. SahaT//SaaT) “lamazad”, “moxdenilad”; ŽÁbejŽr “uSnod”...

mizanmizanmizanmizan----mizezis zmnisarTebimizezis zmnisarTebimizezis zmnisarTebimizezis zmnisarTebi

udiurSi ar aris garCeuli miznisa da mizezis zmnisarTebi:

erTi da igive zmnisarTi SeiZleba orive mniSvnelobiT ixmarebodes.

mizan-mizezis zmnisarTebia: Sete < Seten[k]//Setabaxtin[k] “imitom”,

“imisTvis”, “radganac”; metabaxtin “amitom”; qatabaxtin “magitom”;

183

SeteTe//SetetenkTe//SetebaxtinkTe “imitom, rom”, “imisTvis, rom”.

warmoSobiT es formebi Seno//Sono “igi”, me “es” da qa “eg” CvenebiT

nacvalsaxelTa benefaqtivis formas warmoadgens, xolo zogjer

igive formebi garTulebulia Te “rom” kavSiriT.

zomazomazomazoma----odenobis zmnisarTebiodenobis zmnisarTebiodenobis zmnisarTebiodenobis zmnisarTebi

aseTTa rigs unda mivakuTvnoT: ema “ramdeni”, “oden”; ema-Te

“ramdenic”; tema “imdeni”; a-tema “ai imdeni”; mema “amdeni”; a-mema “ai

amdeni”; qama “magdeni” saki < sa-kiwi? “cotaTi”, “odnav” (sa “erTi” +

kiwi? “patara”, “cota”); sa-qrn “erTxel”, paˤ-qrn “orjer”; bšTšm

“mTlad”, “sul”, “yvela”; eyara//eyyara “ramdeni”...

kiTxviTi zmnisarTebikiTxviTi zmnisarTebikiTxviTi zmnisarTebikiTxviTi zmnisarTebi

am jgufis zmnisarTebi warmoiqmneba kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelebisa

e “ra?” da ma “sad?” da sxvadasxva elementTa kombinaciiT: e-Tr

“rogor”, “viTar”; etenq//etenk[ena] “ratom”, “risTvis”, “ris gamo”

(benefaqtivis forma) etuxo/eTxo (ablativis

forma)//etuxolan//eTxolan (komitativis forma) “ratom”, “risTvis”,

“risgan”; ek-al “raze” (superasivis forma); ekal-ux “raze”,

“risTvis”; evax “rodis” (< vaxt “dro”); ete “ratom”; eta-baxtin

“risTvis” (< baxtinq “Tvis” Tandebuli); ma-a “sad”, “saiT” (< -aaaa

kiTxviTi nawilakia); ma-Co “saiT”, “saiTken” (< Co “piri”, “saxe”); ma-

lin-a “saiTgan”... oSte “ratom”...

184

TandebuliTandebuliTandebuliTandebuli

Tandebulebi udiurSi or jgufad iyofa:

1. Serwymuli (sufiqsuri mniSvnelobis) Tandebulebi, romelic

daerTvian saxels (Tandebuliani brunvebis formantebi); maT amJamad

damoukidebeli mniSvneloba ar aqvT da es Tandebulebi imgvaradaa

Serwymuli brunvis formasTan, rom maTi gamoyofa saZnelo xdeba:

Serwymuli Tandebulebi mxoloobiTSiSerwymuli Tandebulebi mxoloobiTSiSerwymuli Tandebulebi mxoloobiTSiSerwymuli Tandebulebi mxoloobiTSi

brunvebi varTaSnuli nijuri

ablativi -(ax)-o -(ax)-un

komitativi -(ax)-ol[an] -(ax)-un[an]

adesivi -(a)-sta -(a)-sTa

alativi -(a)-W -(a)-C

superisivi -(a)-l igive

benefaqtivi -(en)-k[ena] -(aÁ-n)-aq, -(eÁ-n)-aq

Serwymuli Tandebulebi mxoloobiTSiSerwymuli Tandebulebi mxoloobiTSiSerwymuli Tandebulebi mxoloobiTSiSerwymuli Tandebulebi mxoloobiTSi

brunvebi varTaSnuli nijuri

ablativi -(ox)-o -(ax)-un

komitativi -(ox)-ol[an] -(ax)-un[an]

adesivi -(o)-sta -(os)Ta

alativi -(o)-W -(o)-C

superisivi -(o)-l -(o)-l

benefaqtivi -(on)-k[ena] -(oÁ-n)-aq

2. Serwymuli, calke xmarebuli Tandebulebi. am jgufs

miekuTvneba: aaaa. Tandebulis mniSvnelobiT gamoyenebuli adgilis

185

zmnisarTebi: beSˤ “win”, ÃoS “ukan”, toRˤol “Tan”, boS “-Si”, “Sig”,

“SigniT”, toS “gareT”, oSa “Semdeg”, “Semdgom”; jok “gare”, “garda”...

bbbb. iseTi Tandebulebi, romelic warmoSobiT zmnisarTs

warmoadgens, Tumca dRes, mxolod Tandebulis funqciiT

gamoiyeneba: -cirik “mde”, -laxo “zeda”, “zed”, “ze”...

adverbialuri (zmnisarTuli) warmoSobis es Tandebulebi,

mosdeven-ra saxels da marTaven mas ama Tu im brunvis formaSi.

yvelaze xSirad Tandebuli marTavs saxels naTesaobiT brunvaSi,

Semdeg ablativsa da komitativSi, xolo erT SemTxvevaSi

superasivSi:

naTesaobiT brunvaSi saxels marTavs Semdegi Tandebulebi: ama

“mde”, “oden”; baxtin//baxtinq “Tvis”; beSˤ “win”; bipCo “irgvliv”,

“garSemo”; hrmina “garSemo”; boS “Si”, “Sig”, “SigniT”; gala

“magivrad”; laxo “zeda”, “zed”, “ze”; oSˤexo “bolodan; oya “qveS”;

oyaxo “qvemoTgan”; teCo “iqiT”; teCoxo “iqiTgan”; toRˤol “Tan”;

toRˤoxo “gverdidan”; toStan “garedan”; yaTi “Sua”; ÃoStan

“uknidan”...

ablativs an komitativs moiTxoven Semdegi Tandebulebi: axˤil

“Sors”, oSa “Semdeg”, “Semdgom”; maRa “aqeT”; jok “gare”, “garda”;

toS “gareT”, “gare”; toRˤ “gare”, “gareSe”...

superasivs moiTxovs erTi Tandebuli: -cirik “mde”.

186

nawilakinawilakinawilakinawilaki

udiurs moepoveba nawilakTa mTeli seria: zogi maTgani

mxolod saxelTan ixmareba, zogi _ zmnasTan; zogi ki saxelTan,

zmnasTan da metyvelebis sxva nawilebTanac. zogierTi nawilaki sxva

sityvasTan SerwymiT ixmareba, xolo zogierTi _ sxva sityvasTan

Seurwymelad, calke ixmareba. met wilad gvxvdeba erTmarcvliani,

Ria an daxuruli marcvlisagan Semdgari nawilakebi, Tumca

mogvepoveba or an orze met marcvlisagan Semdgari nawilakebi.

funqciis mixedviT gvxvdeba Semdegi nawilakebi:

kiTxviTi nawilaki -aaaa. es nawilaki gamoiyeneba metyvelebis

TiTqmis yvela nawilTan, saxeldobr: arsebiT da zedsarTav

saxelebTan, gasubstantivebul sityvebTan, kiTxviT da III piris

nacvalsaxelebTan, zmnisarTebTan, zmnasTan da saxelzmnur

formebTan (mxolod III subieqtur pirTan mxoloobiTSi; -a

nawilakis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi piris niSani (-ne) ar daerTvis

zmnas.

uaryofis gamomxatveli nawilakebi: TeTeTeTe- “ar”, nunununu- “ar”, mamamama- “nu”,

“ar”, nnnnŽŽŽŽ- “rom”, “ar”, nuTnuTnuTnuT//nutnutnutnut “ar”. gamoxatavs uaryofas zmnaSi.

gaqvavebuli saxiT gvxvdeba saxelSic.

modalobis gamomxatveli nawilaki yayayaya. awarmoebs kategoriul

kilos (e.w. nawilakovan-kavSirebiTi I) zmnaSi da gamoiyeneba agreTve

makavSirebeli sityvis mniSvnelobiT.

nawilaki -alalalal. mniSvnelobiT udris qarTul -cccc, -cacacaca nawilakebs.

gamoiyeneba arsebiT, ricxviT saxelebTan, nacvalsaxelTan,

gasubstantivebul sityvebTan, zmnisarTebTan. iSviaTad zmnaSic.

nawilaki hahahaha. es nawilaki Cveulebriv ixmareba miTiTebiT

nacvalsaxelebTan da zmnisarTebTan SerwmiTac da Seurwmeladac.

pirvel SemTxvevaSi igi dasawyisSi moudis sityvas, meore

SemTxvevaSi ki _ bolos. amasTan erTad: SerwymiT gamoyenebis dros

es nawilaki gamoxatavs kategoriulobas, dadasturebas,

187

eWvmiutanlobas da aqvs aseTi mniSvneloba: “maincdamainc”, “swored”,

“ai”; Seurwymelad (bolos) gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi ki gamoxatavs

emociurobas (dadebiTs an uaryofiTs).

nawilaki -nenenene. es nawilaki gamooyeneba mxolod brZanebiTis an

brZanebiTad gamoyenebuli kavSirebiTi kilos formasTan da aqvs

mniSvneloba, rac qarTul “ra”, “raRa”, “da” nawilakebs.

sxva nawilakebidan aRsaniSnavia: vaˤ “gind”; burim “Turme”;

blig “egebis”; gena “ki”; kena “ki”, “viT”; haˤlbaT “rasakvirvelia”;

ukone “Tqmula”; grg “unda”; maufa “nu ityvi” [Turme];

fesunne//fsunne “ese igi”; migila “ai”; hoÁ “maS”; de “dae”, “ha”; gh

“xan”; gr “ve”; ho “ho”, “ki”, “diax”; sa “erTi”; TŽqsa “oRond”, barTa

“dae”...

188

kavSirikavSirikavSirikavSiri

kavSiri funqciis mixedviT SeiZleba davyoT Semdeg jgufebad:

1. maerTebeli. ya//yan; va//vaˤ; ba (yvela qarTuli “da” kavSiris

mniSvnelobis); kavSiri ya amasTan modalobis aRmniSvneli

nawilakicaa da awarmoebs kategoriul kilos (e.w. nawilakovan-

kavSirebiTi I) zmnaSi.

2. maqvemdebarebeli. Te “rom”; qi “rom”; mano-Te “romelic” (mano

“romeli” + Te “rom”); eka-Te “rac” (“ra” + “rom”); ma-Te “sadac”,

“sadac ki” (“sad” + “rom”); Su-Te “vinc”; (“vin” + “rom”); evaxTe <

*evaxt-Te “rodesac”, “roca” (“rodis” + “rom”); eTr-Te “rogorc”

(“rogori” + “rom”); ete-Te “radganac”; Setabaxtin-Te “radganac”

(“radgan” + “rom”); mal < *ma-al “sadac” (ma “sad” + al -cccc nawilaki)

SeniSvna: udiur enaSi aRsaniSnavia maqvemdebarebeli kavSirebis

xSiri gamoyeneba da simravle, rac am enis (rogorc kavkasiis

albanuris reliqtis) uZvelesi werilobiTi istoriiT unda aixsnas.

kavkasiis albanurSi SeiniSneba maqvemdebarebel kavSirTa simravle

da maTi xSiri gamoyeneba. kavSirTa umetesoba nacvalsaxeluri an

zmnizeduri warmoSobisaa. mawarmoeblad, aseT SemTxvevaSi,

gamoiyeneba kekekeke “rom”, “Tu” da, savaraudod, nawilaki -alalalal. kavSiri kekekeke

“rom” erTvis nacvalsaxelsa Tu zmnizedas, aqcevs mas kavSirad da

kompozitSi qarTuli nawilakebis -cccc, -kikikiki, msgavs mniSvnelobas iZens,

mag. haWin-ke “rogorc”, “viTarc”; ana-ke//hana-ke “romelic”...

3. Semapirobebeli. gnm, gr “Tu”, “Tuki”; gi//gin “Tu”; Áosxam

“Torem”... kavSiri gi awarmoebs nawilakovan pirobiT kilos zmnaSi.

4. mapirispirebeli. Áa, Áe “an”, “anda”; Áe-gena “an-ki”; Áe-Te, Áa-Te

“an ara-da”; ama “magram”, ema “sanam”, “vidre”...

aRsaniSnavia nasesxeb kavSirTa simravle: qi, va//vaˤ, ba, gnm,

gr, Áosxam, Áa, Áe, ama...

189

SorisdebuliSorisdebuliSorisdebuliSorisdebuli

Sorisdebuli udiurSi araa mravlad warmodgenili.

dasturdeba Semdegi Sorisdebulebi (an am funqciiT gamoyenebuli

sxva sityvebi):

aÁ//haÁ “ei”, “oi”; poÁ “rao?!”, “rogor?!”, “biWos!”; ho “diax!”;

basta “kmara!”; barTa “dae”; migila “ai”; tigila “ai” [iq]; tige “ai”

[iq!]...

190

sintaqsisintaqsisintaqsisintaqsi

atributuli sintagmis analiziatributuli sintagmis analiziatributuli sintagmis analiziatributuli sintagmis analizi

atributuli sintagma saxelur Sesityvebas warmoadgens. es

Sesityveba sazRvrulisa da msazRvrelisagan Sedgeba. msazRvreli

sazRvrulis raime niSanze, Tvisebaze miuTiTebs, gansazRvravs mas.

sazRvruli yovelTvis arsebiTi saxelia, an masTan gaTanabrebuli,

gasubstantivebuli saxelia, xolo msazRvrelad SeiZleba gvqondes

zedsarTavi saxeli, ricxviTi saxeli, mimReoba, nacvalsaxeli an

naTesaobiT brunvaSi dasmuli arsebiTi saxeli.

udiurisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia formaucvleli msazRvreli,

anu msazRvruli ar ibrunvis da, maSasadame, ar eTanxmeba

sazRvruls brunvasa da ricxvSi, mag.:

mx. ricxvi

sax. qala xod “didi xe”

erg. qala xod-en

naT. qala xod-daÁ

mic. qala xod-da[x]

abl. qala xod-daxo

komit. qala xod-daxol[an]

ades. qala xod-dasta

alat. qala xod-daW

super. qala xod-dal

benef. qala xod-enk[ena]

mr. ricxvi

sax. qala xod-rux

erg. qala xod-roR-on

naT. qala xod-roR-o[Á]

mic. qala xod-roR-o[x]

abl. qala xod-roR-oxo

komit. qala xod-roR-oxol[an]

ades. qala xod-roR-osta

alat. qala xod-roR-oW

super. qala xod-roR-ol

benef. qala xod-roR-onk[ena]

ix. agreTve ricxviTi saxeli da nacvalsaxeli msazRvrelad:

sax. sa xod “erTi xe”

191

erg. sa xod-en

naT. sa xod-daÁ

mic. sa xod-da[x]

abl. sa xod-daxo...

* * *

sax. me xod “es xe”

erg. me xod-en

naT. me xod-daÁ

mic. me xod-da[x]

abl. me xod-daxo...

SeniSvna: rodesac zedsarTavi saxeli, ricxviTi saxeli,

mimReoba an nacvalsaxeli gamoyenebulia substantivis

funqciiT, aseT SemTxvevaSi es saxelebi Cveulebrivad

ibrunvis (substantivad gamoyenebul dasaxelebul saxelebs -oooo

sufiqsi daerTvis da brunebisas, irib brunvebSi, -tttt

CanarTovani elementi iCens Tavs), Sdr.:

sax. qala-o//qalo-o “didi”

erg. qala-t-in//qalo-t-in

naT. qala-t-aÁ//qalo-t-aÁ

mic. qala-t-u[x]//qalo-t-u[x]

abl. qala-t-uxo//qalo-t-uxo...

* * *

sax. so-o < sa-o “erTi”

erg. so-o-t-in

naT. me so-o-t-aÁ

mic. me so-o-t-u[x]

192

abl. me so-o-t-uxo...

* * *

sax. me-n-o “es”

erg. me-t-in

naT. me-t-a[Á]

mic. me-t-u[x]

abl. me-t-uxo

msazRvreli udiurSi, rogorc wesi, daismis sazRvrulis win.

iSviaTad postpoziciuri wyoba SeiZleba gvqondes. aseT SemTxvevaSi

msazRvreli zogjer eTanxmeba ricxvSi sazRvruls, xolo brunvaSi

SeTanxmeba arc maSin dasturdeba, mag. (1):

(1) adamar-ux ar-c-i-o-r buˤinyun-a a=yo=k-e qala xaS

adamiani_PL damsxdari_LV_AOP_NA_PL bneli_DAT

xilva=3Pl=ST_PERF didi naTeli

“adamianebma damsxdarTa bnelSi ixiles didi naTeli” (mT. 4,

16)...

unda aRiniSnos, rom ricxviTi saxeli da simravlis

aRmniSvneli sityvebi (gèlè “bevri” da sxva) Cveulebriv ar

iTanxmebs sazRvruls mravlobiT ricxvSi, mag. (2); (3):

(2) ex=ne, Te †ulan Wçlçg-i xib dèv=ne qarx-esa

Tqma:PRS=3SG COMP ama da am tye_DAT xuTi devi=3SG

cxovreba_PRS

“eubneba, rom ama da am tyeSi sami devi cxovrobs” (rustami);

(3) vaˤ gèlè yeÁri diJam ex=yun=i Se-t=al=axo

193

da bevri sxva lanZRva Tqma:PRS=3PL=PST DIST_NO=ADD=ABL

“da bevr sxva lanZRvas eubnebodnen mas [misTvisac]” (lk. 22,

65)...

zogjer gamonaklisis saxiT msazRvrel ricxviT saxelTan

sazRvruli arsebiTi saxeli ixmareba mravlobiT ricxvSi, mag. (4):

(4) telan te Co Tac-i, a=tu=k-i So-t-u yeÁri paˤ viCi-m-R-ox

iqidan DIST mxare wasvla:AOP_AOR naxva=3PL=ST_AOR

DIST_NO_DAT ori Zma_O_PL_DAT

“iqidan im mxares wavida, dainaxa man sxva ori Zma [Zmani]” (mT.

4, 21)...

msazRvrel-sazRvrulis adgilis SenacvlebiT xSirad

warmoiqmneba erTgvari kompozituri warmonaqmni, romelic ibrunvis

rogorc erTiani sityva (arsebiTi saxeli), Sdr.:

sax. fulWeRal yoÁnSi

“Tvalamosavardni mezobeli”

erg. fulWeRal yoÁnSi-n-en

naT. fulWeRal yoÁnSi-n

mic. fulWeRal yoÁnSi-n-a[x]

abl. fulWeRal yoÁnSi-n-axo...

yoÁnSi-fulWeRal “id”

yoÁnSi-fulWeRal-en

yoÁnSi-fulWeRal-un

yoÁnSi-fulWeRal-a[x]

yoÁnSi-fulWeRal-axo

rogorc aRiniSna zemoT, iSviaTad msazRvreli da sazRvruli

SeiZleba ricxvSi SeTanxmebuli iyos. garda amisa, xSiria

SemTxvevebi sazRvrulis mier msazRvrelis marTvisa naTesaobiT

brunvaSi, mag.:

sax. udi-n muz “udiuri ena” [zedmiw. “udis ena”]

erg. udi-n muz-en

naT. udi-n muz-n-a[Á]

194

mic. udi-n muz-n-u[x]

abl. udi-n muz.-n-uxo..

* * *

sax. durutun koj “xis saxli”

durut “xe” [masala]

erg. durutun koj-en

naT. durutun koj-un

mic. durutun kua[x]

abl. durutun kuaxo...

sazRvruli SeiZleba marTavdes msazRvrels postpoziciuri

wyobis drosac, mag. (5-7):

(5) vaˤ wi-ax=al Se-t-aÁ la=yun=x-o: emmanuil

da saxeli_DAT=ADD DIST_NO_GEN dadeba=3PL=LV_POT emanuel

“da saxelsac missa dasdeben: emanuel” (mT. 1, 23);

(6) Setabaxtin-Te iSa=ne baq-e fasCaR-luR gèg-n-çÁ

radgan_COMP axlos=3SG COP_PERF mefe_ABSTR ca_O_GEN

“radgan moaxlovda meufeba cisa” (mT. 4, 17);

(7) vaˤn bu=nan el qul-l-aÁ

Tqven COP=2PL marili miwa_O_GEN

“Tqven xarT marili miwisa” (mT. 5, 13).

SeniSvna: sazRvrulis mier msazRvrelis marTvis sakiTxi

specialur literaturaSi udiuris Sesaxeb ar aris ganxiluli. vl.

fanCviZis mosazrebiT, msazRvreli amdagvar magaliTebSi nagenitivar

saxels warmoadgens [fanCviZe 1974: 104-105], rasac SeuZlebelia

daveTanxmoT. Cveni azriT, moyvanil magaliTebSi msazRvreli ar aris

nagenitivari zedsarTavi saxeli, aramed warmoadgens naTesaobiT

195

brunvaSi dasmul arsebiT saxels, Sdr. qarTuli xis saxli, bavSvis

sawoli da sxva mravali. Semdegi magaliTebi TvalnaTliv cxadyofs

amis Sesaxeb:

(8) nuT uRˤ-al=zu tul-l-a b‘hçr-axo bixoR-o fasWaR-luR eR-ama

NEG daleva_FUT=1SG yurZeni_O_GEN nayofi_ABL RmerTi_GEN

mefe_ABSTR mosvla_ABS

“ar davlev yurZnis nayofisagan RvTis meufebis mosvlamde” (lk.

22, 18);

(9) vaˤ Ãabun-ux bar-al=yun gèg-ixo vaˤ zor gèg-n-aÁ gal-k-al=le

da varskvlavi_PL Camocvena_FUT=3PL ca_ABL da Zala ca_O_GEN

Seryeva_LV_FUT=3SG

“da varskvlavni Camoscvivian cidan da Zala cisa Seiryeva” (mrk.

13, 25);

(10) vaˤn-gena ser=ran=b-e So-t-ux bina abazak-R-oÁ

Tqven_COMP qmna=2PL=LV_PERF DIST_NO_DAT bina avazaki_PL_GEN

“Tqven ki SehqmeniT is binad avazakTa” (mT. 21, 13);

aseTi msazRvrel-sazRvruli xSirad qmnis kompozitebs (Composita

determinativa), romelTa pirveli wevri naTesaobiT brunvaSi dasmuli

arsebiTi saxelia, xolo meore _ absolutivis (saxelobiTi brunvis)

formiT warmodgenili arsebiTi saxeli: nepna-tik “Zilis guda” (nep-na[Á]

“Zilis” + tik “guda”), baba-koj “mamis saxli”, “deduleTi” (baba-[Á]

“mamis” + koj “saxli”), muWˤanayna-Co “naRebi” (muWanayna[Á] “rZis” +

Co//Cˤo “piri”), Jˤene-el “qvamarili” (Je-ne[Á] “qvis” + el “marili”), uyna-

xod “nigvzis xe” (uy-na[Á] “nigvzis” + xod “xe”) WçÁna-xup “erbos flavi”

(WçÁn-a[Á] “erbos”, “cximis” + xup “flavi”), kokowun-koj “saqaTme”

(zedmiw. “qaTmis saxli” kokow-un “qaTmis” + koj “saxli”), xalikun-Rar

“biZaSvili” [dedis mxridan] (xalik-un “biZis” + Rar “Svili”), Turin-

196

leker “fexsacmeli” (zedmiw. “fexis WurWeli” Tur-in “fexis” + leker

“WurWeli”)...

zogjer sazRvrulis mier marTul msazRvrels naTesaobiTi

brunvis niSani -ÁÁÁÁ//-iiii dakarguli aqvs da igi gauformebeli fuZiTaa

warmodgenili da, Sesabamisad, nominativis formas emTxveva, mag.: baba-

koJ (< babaÁ-koj) “mamis saxli”...

197

predikatuli sintagmis analizipredikatuli sintagmis analizipredikatuli sintagmis analizipredikatuli sintagmis analizi

predikatuli sintagma Sedgeba predikatisagan (Semasmeneli) da

subieqtisagan (qvemdebare): Semasmeneli da qvemdebare predikatuli

sintagmis mTavari wevrebia; maT garda SeiZleba sxva wevrebic gvqondes,

esenia: damateba (pirdapiri da iribi), gansazRvreba da garemoeba

(adgilisa, droisa, viTarebisa, miznisa da mizezisa).

predikatuli sintagmis konstruqciebipredikatuli sintagmis konstruqciebipredikatuli sintagmis konstruqciebipredikatuli sintagmis konstruqciebi

udiur enaSi predikatuli sintagmis oTxi tipis konstruqcia

gamoiyofa; esenia: nominatiuri, ergatiuli, datiuri (inversiuli),

posesiuri (genitiuri). piris nacvalsaxelTa subieqtad gamoyenebis

SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba vilaparakoT indefinituri konstruqciis Sesaxeb

(udiur enaSi piris nacvalsaxelTa saxelobiTisa da ergativisaTvis

erTi forma gvaqvs).

nominatiur konstruqciaSi, sxva iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa msgavsad,

udiurSi predikats gardauvali zmna warmoadgens, xolo subieqts _

nominativiT warmodgenili saxeli (gauformebeli fuZe).

ergatiuli konstruqciis Semadgeneli nawilebia: gardamavali zmna

da masTan dakavSirebuli ori saxeli _ realuri subieqti ergativSi

da pirdapiri obieqti micemiTsa an saxelobiTSi. pirdapiri obieqtis

gadmocema micemiTis formiT mTis iberiul-kavkasiur enaTagan mxolod

udiurisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. aRsaniSnavia, rom ergativSi dasmuli

saxeli ramdenime erTpirian (axSum-es “sicili”; axSum-f-es “gacineba”)

da grZnoba-aRqmis zmnebTanac gvevlineba realur subieqtad.

datiur (inversiul) konstruqcias ociode zmna qmnis. unda

aRiniSnos, rom nijur kiloSi datiuri konstruqcia mTlianad

moSlilia, xolo varTaSnulSi igi moSlis pirasaa misuli _ amJamad,

rogorc wesi, verba sentiendi-s tipis zmnebis subieqti dasmulia ergatiul

brunvaSi, Tumca XIX s. dasasrulsa da XX s. dasawyisSi, rogorc

198

udiuri teqstobrivi masalidan irkveva (udiuri oTxTavi, zRapari

“rustam”, udiuri saanbano-sakiTxavi wigni “samji d„s” da sxva),

varTaSnulSi Tanabrad gamoiyeneboda micemiTi da ergatiuli brunvis

formebi (bunebrivia, grZnoba-aRqmis zmnaTa subieqtis dasma ergativSi

meoreuli movlenaa):

(1) te vaxta isusisusisusisus----a a a a andax=tutututu=b-i iC-en iC-boS, Te Wer-i=ne iC-xo

zor

DIST maSin ieso_DAT grZnoba=3SG=LV_AOR TviTon_ERG TviTon_LOC

COMP warTmeva:AOP_AOR=3SG TviTon_LOC Zala

“maSin iesomiesomiesomiesom igrZno Tavis TavSi, rom mas Zala gamosvlia

(warTmevia)” (mrk. 5, 30);

magram:

(2) Setabaxtin-Te irodirodirodirod----en en en en bu=tutututu====y-sa „Áel-ax †uruk-a=ne

radgan_COMP herode_ERG survili=3SG=ST_PRS bavSvi_DAT

moZebna_SUBJ=3SG

“radganac herodesherodesherodesherodes surs bavSvi moZebnos” (mT. 2, 13).

miuxedavad imisa, rom subieqti ergativSia dasmuli, grZnoba-aRqmis

zmnebi varTaSnulSi inarCuneben micemiT-subieqtiani seriis piris

niSnebs, rac gvaZlevs kidec datiuri konstruqciis gamoyofis

safuZvels.

udiur enaSi datiuri konstruqcia Taviseburebas iCens: predikatad

aseT konstruqciaSi, grZnoba-aRqmis gardauvali zmnebis garda,

gardamavali zmnebic gvevlineba: ababaq-es “codna”; ak-es “xedva”; andaxb-

es “grZnoba”; baq-es (rodesac gamoiyeneba “SeZlebis” mniSvnelobiT);

buy-es (rodesac gamoiyeneba “Seyvarebis”, “ndomis”, “mosurvebis”

mniSvnelobiT); ibaq-es “mosmena”; ixb-es “mogoneba”, “gaxseneba”; Calx-es

“cnoba”.

199

realuri obieqti, ergatiuli konstruqciis msgavsad, aqac

saxelobiTsa an micemiTSi gveqneba.

posesiur (genitiur) konstruqcias mxolod erTi defeqturi zmna

bu “qona”, “yola” qmnis (is mxolod awmyosa da namyo-uwyvetelis

droebs awarmoebs, xolo danarCen paradigmas baq-es “yofa”, “arseboba”

“gaxdoma” zmnis dro-kiloebi avseben). posesiuri konstruqciis

subieqtia naTesaobiT brunvaSi dasmuli saxeli. zmna bu “yofnis”

mniSvnelobiTac gamoiyeneba da, aseT SemTxvevaSi, igi nominatiur

konstruqcias qmnis, mag. (3):

(3) zu bubububu=zu

me COP=1SG

“me var”.

gansxvavebuli viTareba dasturdeba nijis dialeqtSi. varTaSnul

kiloSi “qona”-“yolis” aRmniSvneli zmnis konstruqciisTvis (nij. fu)

damaxasiaTebeli posesiuri (genetiuri) seriis piris niSnebi Seicvala

micemiT-subieqtiani seriis piris niSnebiT, Tumca misi subieqti,

varTaSnulis msgavsad, naTesaobiTi brunvis formiTaa warmodgenili,

mag. (4):

(4) zzzzøøøøqqqqøøøørrrr----øøøøÁ Á Á Á fu-TTTT uxuxuxux-i sa Cuvux, iC ci ÁeTør

zaqaria_DAT yola=3SG=PST erTi coli Tavisi saxeli eTeri

“zaqariaszaqariaszaqariaszaqarias hyavda coli, misi [Tavisi] saxelia eTeri”...

grZnoba-aRqmis zmnebis Semcvleli datiuri konstruqcia nijurSi,

varTaSnulisagan gansxvavebiT, Seicvala ergatiuliT: subieqtad verba

sentiendi zmnebTan mxolod ergativSi dasmuli saxeli gvxvdeba da,

amasTan, gamoiyeneba saxelobiT-ergativiani seriis piris niSnebi.

udiurSi iribi obieqtis brunva yvela konstruqciasTan aris

micemiTi. amas garda, irib obieqtad SeiZleba superasivisa da -laxo

“ze”, “zeda” TandebuldarTuli naTesaobiTis formiT Segvxdes.

200

predikatipredikatipredikatipredikati

Semasmeneli udiurSi gamoixateba, rogorc wesi, zmnis piriani

formiT (Tumca nazmnarsaxeliani konstruqciebi dasturdeba), mag. (5):

(5) fasWaR We=ne=saWe=ne=saWe=ne=saWe=ne=sa, be=ne=Rbe=ne=Rbe=ne=Rbe=ne=R----sasasasa, ay=ne=saay=ne=saay=ne=saay=ne=sa

mefe gamosvla=3SG=PRS xedva=3SG=ST_PRS aReba=3SG=PRS

“mefe gamodisgamodisgamodisgamodis, xedavsxedavsxedavsxedavs, hkvirdebahkvirdebahkvirdebahkvirdeba” (rust.).

udiurs moepoveba orgvari agebulebis Semasmeneli _ martivi da

rTuli. martivi agebulebisaa, magaliTad: baneqsa//baqsane “aris”,

“xdeba”, besane “akeTebs”, enesa//esane “modis”, atuqsa “xedavs” da a.S.

martivi agebulebis zmnebis ricxvi udiurSi ar aris didi _ igi eqvs-

Svid aTeuls ar aRemateba.

rTuli agebulebis Semasmenlebia: azaru-ne-baqsa “avad xdeba”,

“avadmyofobs” (azaru “avadmyofi” + baq-es “yofa”, “gaxdoma”); aS-ne-

besa//aS-besa-ne “muSaobs” (aS “saqme” + b-es “keTeba”)...

udiurs moepoveba rTuli Semasmenlis ramdenime saxeoba:

1. subieqtSerwymuli Semasmeneli, mag.: aRala=ne=sa <

*aRala=ne=esa “wvima modis”, “wvims”...

2. obieqtSerwymuli Semasmeneli, mag.: aS=ne=besa “saqmes

akeTebs”, “muSaobs”...

3. adieqtivSerwymuli (adverbSerwymuli) Semasmeneli, mag.:

Sel=le=besa “kargad xdis” (zedmiw. “kargad akeTebs”,

arCens”...

4. infinitivSerwymuli Semasmeneli, mag.: aS-bes=ne=desa

“muSaobas akeTebinebs”, “amuSavebs”...

5. mimReoba//absolutivSerwymuli Semasmeneli, mag.: ari-

ar=re=cesa “mosuli (zedmiw. “modis ra”) jdeba”...

garda aseTi Semasmenlisa udiurSi pirian zmnas advilad

daerTvis sxva sityvebi da iqmneba erTi mTliani sintagma (Txzuli

Semasmeneli), mag. (6-9):

201

(6) Se-n-o eeee----sasasasa----bebebebeˤRRRR----sa=nsa=nsa=nsa=ne=TaÁe=TaÁe=TaÁe=TaÁ----sasasasa

DIST_O_NA mosvla_PRS_yureba_PRS=3SG=mosvla_PRS

“is modis, uyurebs, modis, uyurebs, modis, uyurebs, modis, uyurebs, [dadadada] midismidismidismidis”;

(7) Se-t-in me xup-ax uquququq----sa=ne=marcsa=ne=marcsa=ne=marcsa=ne=marc----evevevevkkkk----esaesaesaesa

DIST_NO_ERG PROX flavi Wama_PRS=3SG=gaTaveba_CAUS_PRS

“is am flavs WamsWamsWamsWams----dadadada----aTavebsaTavebsaTavebsaTavebs”;

(8) me Tømbøl-en uquququq----alalalal----boSboSboSboS----alalalal----baskbaskbaskbask----aaaal=lel=lel=lel=le

PROX zarmaci_ERG Wama_FUT_ZRoma_FUT_dawola_FUT=3PL

“es zarmaci SeWamsSeWamsSeWamsSeWams----gaZReba, wamowvebagaZReba, wamowvebagaZReba, wamowvebagaZReba, wamowveba”;

(9) te xinør-en beRbeRbeRbeRˤ----iiii----beRbeRbeRbeRˤ----i=ne=Taci=ne=Taci=ne=Taci=ne=Tac----iiii

DIST qaliSvili_ERG yureba_AOR_yureba_AOR=3SG=wasvla:AOP_AOR

“is qaliSvili uyurauyurauyurauyura----uyura uyura uyura uyura [dadadada] wavidawavidawavidawavida”.

Txzul SemasmenelSi piris niSani Cveulebriv bolosa da

boloswina komponentebs Soris ikavebs adgils.

SesaZlebelia, rom rTulma Semasmenelma inkorporacia moaxdinos

romelime sagaremoebo an msazRvruli sityvisa, absolutivis.

inkorporirebuli ingredienti win daerTvis zmnis pirian formas _

amasTan ise, rom piris niSani aqac moeqceva xolme Serwymul fuZe-

formaTa Soris, mag. (10):

(10) Se-t-in kiwi=nkiwi=nkiwi=nkiwi=ne=aSe=aSe=aSe=aS----bbbb----eeee

DIST_NO_ERG cota=3SG=muSaoba_LV_PERF

“man cota imuSavacota imuSavacota imuSavacota imuSava”.

udiurSi Semasmeneli SeiZleba garTuldes raime klitikis

(nawilakis) darTviT (uaryofiTi, kiTxviTi da a.S.), mag. (11):

202

(11) aRala TeTeTeTe=ne=esa

wvima NEG=3SG=mosvla_PRS

“wvima ar modis”...

udiurSi sinqroniul doneze calke arsebuli piris niSani

SeiZleba Semasmenlis funqciiT mogvevlinos. es viTareba, rogorc wesi,

gamowveulia meSveli zmnis (bubububu “yofna”) dakargviT, ise, rom mis

funqciiT oden piris niSani gvrCeba, mag. (12):

(12) un=nuun=nuun=nuun=nu So-n-o, mano-Te gørøg eR=a=ne?

Sen=3SG DIST_O_NA romeli_COMP saWiro mosvla:PART=Q=3SG

“Sen xarSen xarSen xarSen xar is, romelic unda movides?” (mT. 11, 3).

Semasmenlis funqciiT zogjer gamodis nazmnari saxeli _

mimReoba da absolutivi. amis gamo udiurSi dasturdeba specifikuri

konstruqciebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom am konstruqciebSi nazmnari saxeli

iseve marTavs qvemdebaresa da damatebas brunvaSi, rogorc zmnis

piriani forma.

Semasmenlis funqciiT Cveulebrivia sruli saxis mimReoba. sxva

enebze Targmanis dros Semasmeneli-mimReoba absolutivis mniSvnelobas

gvaZlevs, mag. (13-15):

(13) adamar-R-ox akakakak----iiii, So-n-o laÁ=ne=c-i burR-ol

adamiani_PL_DAT danaxva_AOP DIST_O_NA asvla:AOP=3SG=LV_AOR

mTa_SUPER

“dainaxa ra dainaxa ra dainaxa ra dainaxa ra (zedmiw. danaxulidanaxulidanaxulidanaxuli) xalxi, is avida mTaze” (mT. 5, 1);

(14) isus-en, qex boxoboxoboxoboxo----dddd----iiii, la†=ne=d-i Se-t-ul vaˤ f-i=ne

ieso_ERG xeli:DAT gaSla_LV_AOP Sexeba=3SG=LV_AOR

DLOG_NO_SUPER da Tqma_AOR=3SG

“iesom, gaSala ragaSala ragaSala ragaSala ra xeli, Seexo mas da Tqva” (mT. 8, 3);

203

(15) rustam, dûv-n-ux besbesbesbes----bbbb----iiii, e=ne=sa kua

rustami devi_O_DAT mokvla_LV_AOP mosvla=3Sg=PRS saxli:DAT

“rustams moekla ramoekla ramoekla ramoekla ra devi, modis saxlSi” (rust.).

mimReoburi konstruqciebi udiurSi Zalze gavrcelebulia.

absolutivi, rodesac gamoyenebulia Semasmenlis funqciiT, iseve

marTavs subieqtsa da obieqts im brunvaSi, ra brunvasac moiTxovs

maTgan zmnis piriani forma, mag. (16-17):

(16) vaˤ ar-e=Áan So-t-u bulbulbulbul----kowkowkowkow----bbbb----esesesesan an an an

da mosvla_PERF=1PL DIST_NO_DAT Tavi_moxra_LV_ABS

“da movediT mas Tavi movuxaroTmovuxaroTmovuxaroTmovuxaroT [mosaxreladmosaxreladmosaxreladmosaxrelad]” (mT. 2, 2).

(17) tiÁa baq-a, zu vax ukukukuk----ama ama ama ama

iq yofa_IMP me Sen:DAT Tqma:PART_ABS

“iq iyav, vidre me Sen getyvigetyvigetyvigetyvi [TqmamdeTqmamdeTqmamdeTqmamde]” (mT. 2, 13).

realuri subieqtirealuri subieqtirealuri subieqtirealuri subieqti

udiur enaSi realuri subieqti oTxi brunvis formiTaa

gadmocemuli, esenia: saxelobiTi (absolutivi); ergativi; micemiTi;

naTesaobiTi.

saxelobiTi brunvasaxelobiTi brunvasaxelobiTi brunvasaxelobiTi brunva _ gauformebelia. absolutivis formiT

gadmocemulia gardauvali zmnis realuri subieqti, mag. (18-20):

(18) amma usin ggggûûûûgggg ya=n oCaoCaoCaoCaˤllll fas=ne=baq-o, zakon-axo sa xaz aCˤ-ama

magram Cqara ca da=3SG dedamiwa darRveva=3SG=LV_POT kanoni_ABL

erTi xazi dakargva_ABS

“magram ufro adre cacacaca da dedamiwadedamiwadedamiwadedamiwa dairRveva kanonis erTi

pwkaris dakargvamde” (lk. 16, 17);

204

(19) barTa, Tam=ya=n=baq-i fexambar-un ffff----iiii----oooo

INTJ asruleba=JUSS=3SG=LV_AOR mociquli_GEN Tqma_AOP_NA

“dae, aRsruldes mociqulis naTqvaminaTqvaminaTqvaminaTqvami” (mT. 2, 23);

(20) ar-i=yun erusalim-a bilijibilijibilijibiliji----uxuxuxux beˤRWeR-al aˤm-exo

mosvla:AOP=3PL ierusalimi_DAT brZeni_PL aRmosavleTi_(AOP)

mxare_ABL

“movidnen ierusalims brZennibrZennibrZennibrZenni aRmosavleTis [mzis amosvlis]

mxridan” (mT. 2, 1).

ergatiuli brunvaergatiuli brunvaergatiuli brunvaergatiuli brunva _ misi formiT gadmocemulia gardamavali

zmnis realuri subieqti. ergativis forma Tanabrad ixmareba yvela

dro-kilos formasTan da qarTul TargmanSi mas Seesatyviseba xan

moTxrobiTi, xan saxelobiTi, xolo zogjer _ micemiTi brunvac, mag.

(21-23):

(21) vaˤ f-i=ne isusisusisusisus----enenenen baˤC-n-a qala-t-u

da Tqma:AOP_AOR=3SG ieso_ERG aseuli_O_GEN ufrosi_O_DAT

“da uTxra iesomiesomiesomiesom aseulis ufross [asisTavs]” (mT. 8, 13);

(22) Setabaxtin-Te harsa besbesbesbes----alalalal----tttt----in in in in a=ne=y-sa

radgan_COMP yoveli Txova_AOP_NO_ERG miReba=3SG=ST_PRS

“radganac yoveli mTxovnelimTxovnelimTxovnelimTxovneli [mi]iRebs” (mT. 7, 8);

(23) puran Ta=ne=sa SeÁTanSeÁTanSeÁTanSeÁTan----en en en en So-t-u gûlû ala-l-u burR-ol

kvlav misvla:MSD=3SG=PRS eSmaki_ERG DIST_NO_DAT bevri

maRali_O_DAT mTa_SUPER

“kvlav mihyavs eSmakseSmakseSmakseSmaks igi Zalian maRal mTaze” (mT. 4, 8).

205

ramdenime SemTxvevaSi ergativis forma realur subieqtad

erTpirian gardauval zmnasTanac dasturdeba, mag.: axSum-es “sicili”;

axSum-f-es “gacineba”, mag. (24):

(24) SeSeSeSe----tttt----inininin axSum=ne=sa

DIST_NO_ERG sicili=3SG=PRS

“igiigiigiigi icinis”...

safiqrebelia, rom forma axSum-es “sicili” ergativSi dasmul

subieqts moiTxovs kompozituri zmnis axSum-f-es “gacineba”-s

analogiiT, romlis meore komponenti _ f-es (calke aRebuls “Tqmis”

mniSvneloba aqvs), Cveulebrivad gardamaval zmnebs awarmoebs.

micemiTi brunvamicemiTi brunvamicemiTi brunvamicemiTi brunva _ misi formiT gadmocemulia grZnoba-aRqmis

(verba sentiendi) zmnebis realuri subieqti. am zmnebis ricxvi udiurSi or

aTeuls ar aRemateba, esenia: ababaq-es “codna”; ak-es “xedva”; andaxb-es

“grZnoba”; baq-es (rodesac gamoiyeneba “SeZlebis” mniSvnelobiT); buy-es

“yvareba”, “ndoma”, “survili”, “wadili”; ibaq-es “mosmena”; iRarib-es

“civeba”; ixb-es “mogoneba”, “gaxseneba”; mib-es “civeba”; otb-es

“darcxvena”; qe†illa†t-es “wyena”; yiˤb-es “SeSineba”; Calx-es “cnoba”...,

mag. (25-27):

(25) te vaxta isusisusisusisus----a a a a andax=tutututu=b-i iC-en iC-boS, Te Wer-i=ne iC-xo

zor

DIST maSin ieso_DAT grZnoba=3SG=LV_AOR TviTon_ERG TviTon_LOC

COMP warTmeva:AOP_AOR=3SG TviTon_LOC Zala

“maSin iesomiesomiesomiesom (mic.) igrZno Tavis TavSi, rom mas Zala gamosvlia

(warTmevia)” (mrk. 5, 30);

(26) vaˤ Te=tu=aba=Á SeSeSeSe----tttt----uxuxuxux, eT„r axrax Se-t-in bi=ne=x-i iC

da NEG=3SG=codna=PST DIST_NO_DAT rogori bolos DIST_NO_ERG

Soba Tviton

beS-umji Rar-ax

206

me:GEN_COLL Svili_DAT

“da ar icoda igiigiigiigi, Tu man rogor Soba bolos Tavisi pirveli

Svili” (mT. 1, 25);

(27) talan te-Cˤo Ta-c-i, a=tu=k-i SoSoSoSo----tttt----uuuu yeÁri paˤ viCi-m-uR-on

iqidan DIST+mxare wasvla:AOP_LV_AOR danaxva=3SG=ST_AOR

DIST_NO_DAT sxva ori Zma_O_PL_ERG

“iqidan im mxares wavida, dainaxa manmanmanman sxva ori Zma” (mT. 4, 21).

grZnoba-aRqmis zmnebis subieqti amJamad xSirad gvxvdeba

ergatiuli brunvis formiT, mag. (28):

(28) Setabaxtin-Te irodirodirodirod----en en en en bu=tu=y-sa „Áel-ax †uruk-a=ne

radgan_COMP herode_ERG survili=3SG=ST_PRS bavSvi_DAT

moZebna_SUBJ=3SG

“radganac herodesherodesherodesherodes surs bavSvi moZebnos” (mT. 2, 13).

micemiTis Secvla ergativiT axal movlenas warmoadgens da

gamowveulia uRvlilebis unifikaciis tendenciiT. varTaSnulSi

micemiTis Secvla ergativiT xSir movlenas warmoadgens, xolo

nijurSi es procesi dasrulebulia _ micemiT-subieqtiani uRvlileba

moSlilia, da Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviRebT erT SemTxvevas, ar

dasturdeba micemiT-subieqtiani seriis piris niSnebi.

naTesaobiTi brunva naTesaobiTi brunva naTesaobiTi brunva naTesaobiTi brunva _ misi formiT gadmocemulia “qona”_“yolis”

aRmniSvneli zmnis (bubububu _ am zmnas “yofnis” mniSvnelobac aqvs. am

SemTxvevaSi igi nominatiur konstruqcias hqmnis) realuri subieqti. (bubububu

zmnis paradigma defeqturia _ igi mxolod awmyosa da imperfeqtis

formebs awarmoebs, xolo danarCen paradigmas baqbaqbaqbaq----eseseses zmnis formebi

avseben), mag. (29-31):

(29) ioanioanioanioan----i i i i iCi bu=ta=Á farTal buS-e fofn-uxo

ioane_GEN TviTon qona=3SG=PST Tanisamosi aqlemi_GEN bewvi_ABL

“ioanesioanesioanesioanes TviTon hqonda tanisamosi aqlemis bewvisagan” (mT. 3, 4);

207

(30) te-Tør eeee††††iiii isa bu=e† dørd

DIST+COMP Tqven axla qona=2PL mwuxareba

“imgvaradve TqvenTqvenTqvenTqven axla gaqvT mwuxareba” (in. 16, 22);

(31) me CobanCobanCobanCoban----i i i i ba=ta=q-e=Á sa Cibux

PROX mwyemsi_GEN yola=3SG=ST_PERF=PST erTi coli

“am mwyemwyemwyemwyemssmssmssmss hyavda erTi coli (rust.).

sayuradRebo viTareba dasturdeba nijur kiloSi. “qona”-“yolis”

aRmniSvnel zmnas daerTvis micemiT-subieqtiani piris niSnebi, xolo

subieqti, msgavsad varTaSnulisa, naTesaobiTi brunvis formiTaa

warmodgenili, mag. (32):

(32) zzzzøøøøqqqqøøøørrrr----øøøøÁ Á Á Á fu=TTTTuxuxuxux=i sa Cuvux, iC ci ÁeTør

zaqaria_DAT yola=3SG=PST erTi coli Tavisi saxeli eTeri

“zaqariaszaqariaszaqariaszaqarias (naT.) hyavda coli, misi [Tavisi] saxelia eTeri”...

realuri obieqtirealuri obieqtirealuri obieqtirealuri obieqti

predikatul sintagmaSi realuri obieqti realur subieqtze

aranaklebi mniSvnelobisaa. realuri obieqti udiurSi ori brunvis

formiT aris gadmocemuli, esenia: saxelobiTi da micemiTi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom saxelobiTi brunva mxolod pirdapir obieqts

gadmogvcems, xolo micemiTis forma rogorc pirdapir, ise irib

obieqtad gvevlineba.

obieqtis brunvaTa TvalsazrisiT mniSvneloba ar aqvs dro-

kiloTa jgufebs:

pirdapiri obieqti saxelobiTSi (33-34):

(33) rustam-en ex=ne: Sel! hazir-b-a=nan vuˤR yaTiryaTiryaTiryaTir, sa TavarTavarTavarTavar,

rustami_ERG Tqma:PRS=3SG kargi momzadeba_LV_IMP=2PL Svidi

208

saxedari

sa kirokirokirokiro, haro paˤwwe fuTfuTfuTfuT

erTi culi TiTo Tormeti fuTi

“rustami eubneba: kargi! moamzadeT Svidi saxedarisaxedarisaxedarisaxedari, erTi culiculiculiculi,

erTi kirokirokirokiro, TiTo Tormeti fuTifuTifuTifuTi” (rust.);

(34) hhhh‘‘‘‘nnnnççççrrrr rustam-en=ne b-esa

sagmiro saqme rustami_ERG=3SG keTeba_PRS

“sagmiro saqmessagmiro saqmessagmiro saqmessagmiro saqmes rustami akeTebs (rust.).

pirdapiri obieqti micemiTSi (35-36):

(35) migila, zu Áaya=z=b-esa bez ††††ççççriStinriStinriStinriStin----a a a a vi-beˤS

am wams me gagzavna=1SG=LV_PRS Cemi angelozi_DAT Sen_LOC

“am wams me vgzavni Cem angelozsangelozsangelozsangelozs Sens winaSe!” (mrk. 1, 2).

(36) u=yun=Cer-i Se-t-a-toRoˤl b‘T‘n azarazarazarazar----uRuRuRuR----oxoxoxox vaˤ jinbatjinbatjinbatjinbat----RRRR----oxoxoxox

moyvana=3PL=ST_AOR DIST_NO_DAT_LOC yvela avadmofi_PL_DAT da

Sepyrobili_PL_DAT

“moiyvanes masTan yvela avadmyofiavadmyofiavadmyofiavadmyofi da avi suliT Sepyrobiavi suliT Sepyrobiavi suliT Sepyrobiavi suliT Sepyrobilililili [avi

suliT]” (mrk. 1, 32).

iribi obieqti micemiTSi (37-38):

(37) vaˤ Sot-R-oxo=al yeÁri=or, me-t-R-on-Te f-i=yun apostolapostolapostolapostol----RRRR----o o o o

da DLOG_PL_ABL=ADD sxva_PL PROX_NO_PL_ERG_COMP

Tqma:AOP_AOR=3PL mociquli_PL_DAT

“da maTganac sxvani, romelTac uTxres mociqumociqumociqumociqulebslebslebslebs” (lk. 24, 10);

(38) Taq-e=nan, uf-a=nan ioanioanioanioan----axaxaxax, eka-vaˤ-i-baq-sa

wasvla:IMP_PERF=2PL Tqma:IMP_IMP=2PL ioane_DAT

209

ra_Tqven_smena_LV_PRS

“wadiT [da] uTxariT ioanesioanesioanesioanes, rac Tqven gesmiT” (mT. 11, 4).

garda amisa, irib obieqtad SeiZleba superasivis da -laxo “ze”,

“zeda” TandebuldarTuli naTesaobiTis formiT Segvxdes.

superasiviT gadmocemulia, mag. (39-40):

(39) qa-t-in zazazaza----llll Te=ne=ex-a

MED_NO_ERG me:DAT_SUPER NEG=3SG=Tqma:PRS_PRS

“eg CemzeCemzeCemzeCemze (super.) arafers meubneba”

(40) Tçqç CurCurCurCur----alalalal lar-i=ne

jixvi furi_SUPER msgavseba_AOR=3SG

“jixvi fursfursfursfurs (zedmiw. furzefurzefurzefurze) hgavs.

-laxo “ze”, “zeda” adverbialuri TandebuliTa da mis mier

marTuli saxeliT (naTesaobiTSi) gamoxatuli, mag. (41):

(41) un bezbezbezbez----laxolaxolaxolaxo usin-usin qçRiz-cam-f-a

Sen me:GEN_LOC Cqara+Cqara werili_mowera_LV_IMP

“Sen memememe (zedmiw. CemzeCemzeCemzeCemze) xSirad (Cqara-Cqara) momwere werili”...

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, pirdapiri damateba ori brunvis

formiTaa gadmocemuli _ dativiTa da absolutiviT (saxelobiTi).

samecniero literaturaSi gamoiTqva mosazreba, rom saxelobiTis

formiT gadmocemulia am damatebis ganusasazRvreli forma, xolo

micemiTiT _ gansazRvruli forma (h. Suxarti). es debuleba SegviZlia

mxolod nawilobriv gaviziaroT: rodesac pirdapiri damateba

Semasmenels win uswrebs da warmodgenilia dativiT, gveZleba

damatebas gansazRvruli forma, mag.: ustan kuaxkuaxkuaxkuax ser-re-be “ostatma

saxlisaxlisaxlisaxli (mic.) aago” _ is “saxli”, razedac ukve iTqva...

210

rodesac Semasmenels misdevs pirdapiri damateba, igi

fakultaturad daismis saxelobiTsa da micemiT brunvaSi, masTan ise,

rom am ori brunvis funqcia aseT SemTxvevaSi ar gansxvavdeba

erTmaneTisagan, mag.: Rara butuysa xinxinxinxinççççrrrr----aaaa//xinxinxinxinççççrrrr “vaJs uyvars

qaliSvilsqaliSvilsqaliSvilsqaliSvils//qaliSviliqaliSviliqaliSviliqaliSvili”...

samecniero literaturaSi gamoiTqva mosazreba, rom udiurSi

akuzativi (a. diri; zogierTi mkvlevari am “brunvas” afeqtivs uwodebs

_ a. Sifneri, f. miuleri, r. erkerti) an ori micemiTi brunva unda

gvqondes (vl. fanCviZe, v. Sulce...). Cveni azriT, orive SemTxvevaSi es ar

aris gasaziarebeli. aRsaniSnavia am “brunvaTa” funqciuri toloba _

“orive” erTnairad gamoyenebulia subieqtad verba sentiendi zmnebTan,

pirdapir da irib obieqtad da lokativad. sayuradReboa, rom am

“formaTa” fakultaturad xmareba leqsikuri mniSvnelobis

Seucvlelad da, aseve, ar warmoadgens sirTules micemiTi brunvis

niSanTa ori jgufis (xxxx TanxmovniT da mis gareSe) erTmaneTTan

fonetikurad dakavSireba. ueWvelia, rom sinqronul doneze udiurSi

erTi micemiTi brunva gvaqvs. sayuradReboa micemiT-subieqtiani zmnebis

piris niSnebis =zax, =vax, =Áax, =vaˤx, =tux, =yox... Cveneba, romelic

gvafiqrebinebs, rom istoriuladac udiurSi erTi micemiTi unda

gvqonoda.

predikatuli sintagmis wevrTa marTvapredikatuli sintagmis wevrTa marTvapredikatuli sintagmis wevrTa marTvapredikatuli sintagmis wevrTa marTva----Setanxmebis sakiTxiSetanxmebis sakiTxiSetanxmebis sakiTxiSetanxmebis sakiTxi

marTvamarTvamarTvamarTva

udiurSi Semasmeneli Cveulebriv misdevs qvemdebares, marTavs

qvemdebaresa da damatebas brunvaSi da imarTvis subieqtis mier piris

mixedviT. udiurSi qvemdebaresa da damatebas marTavs saxelzmnuri

formebic. maSasadame, udiurSi predikatuli mniSvnelobis wevrebad

gvevlineba rogorc zmnis piriani forma, ise masdari (orive forma),

mimReobisa da absolutivis formebi.

211

Tu winadadeba Seicavs sruli saxis mimReobas an absolutivis ama

Tu im formas da win uZRvis mas, maSin is imarTvis sasaxelebuli

saxelzmnuri formebisagan brunvaSi. Tu zmnis piriani forma

gardauvali zmna da winadadebaSi gvaqvs gardamavali zmnis mimReoba an

absolutivi, romelic qvemdebares misdevs (qvemdebaresa da Semasmenlis

Soris imyofeba), maSin qvemdebare infinituri formis Sesabamisad

ergatiul brunvaSi daismis da piriqiT, Tu zmnis piriani forma

gardamavali zmnaa, xolo mis win gardauvali zmnis absolutivi an

mimReoba. qvemdebare am SemTxvevaSi am ukanasknelis Sesabamisad

saxelobiT brunvaSi daismis, mag. (42-44):

(42) Se-t-in=al ayayayay----i i i i ar=re=s-c-a

DIST_NO_ERG=ADD aReba_AOR dajdoma=3SG=PRS(MSD)_ST_PRS

“isic iRebsiRebsiRebsiRebs [da] jdeba”;

(43) Se-t-in me-t-ux ffff----iiii Ta=ne=sa

DIST_NO_ERG MED_NO_DAT Tqma:AOP_AOR misvla:MSD=3SG=PRS

“is amas ambobsambobsambobsambobs----rararara [da] midis”;

(44) me çÁT-ax Se-t-in ukukukuk----axunaxunaxunaxun bie-sa=ne

PROX sityva_DAT DIST_NO_ERG tqma:PART_ABS mokvdoma_PRS=3SG

“am sityvis TqmisasTqmisasTqmisasTqmisas is kvdeba” (zedmiw. am sityvas igi (man)

ambobsambobsambobsambobs----rararara, kvdeba)...

SeTanxmebaSeTanxmebaSeTanxmebaSeTanxmeba

qvemdebare-Semasmenlis SeTanxmeba xdeba ricxvis mixedviT, xolo

obieqtis ricxvi zmnaSi sruliad ar aisaxeba, mag., Sdr. (45-46) da (47-48):

(45) usta-n ser=rererere=b-e

ostati_ERG ageba=3SG=LV_PERF

“ostatma aago” (“aaSena”);

212

(46) usta-R-on ser=yunyunyunyun=b-e

ostati_PL_ERG ageba=3PL=LV_PERF

“ostatebi ageben” (“aSeneben”);

(47) adamar qar=rererere=x-sa

adamiani cxovreba=3SG=ST_PRS

“adamiani cxovrobs” (“cocxlobs”);

(48) adamar-ux qar=yunyunyunyun=x-esa

adamiani_PL cxovreba=3PL=ST_PRS

“adamianebi cxovroben” (“cocxloben”)...

udiurSi qvemdebare-Semasmenlis ricxvSi SeuTanxmeblobis

araerTi faqti SeiniSneba _ xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac III piris

subieqtis mravlobiToba ar aisaxeba zmnaSi da es movlena ufro

SesamCnevia nijur kiloSi, mag. (49):

(49) beSi ÃonaR-ux=nenenene fu

Cveni stumari_PL=3SG COP

“Cveni stumrebia”

unda yofiliyo (50):

(50) beSi ÃonaR-ux=TTTTunununun fu

Cveni stumari_PL=3PL COP

Sdr. (51-52):

(51) beS quv-a ÃonaR-ux=TTTTunununun fu

Cveni saxli:DAT_DAT stumari_PL=3PL COP

“Cven saxlSi stumrebi arian”;

213

(52) faq-i bele-ux=nenenene fu

baRi_DAT pirutyvi_PL=3SG COP

“baRSi pirutyvia”

unda yofiliyo (53):

(53) faq-i beleux=TTTTunununun fu

baRi_DAT pirutyvi_PL=3PL COP

“pirutyvebi arian”...

es movlena Tavis droze SeniSna a. Sifneri da mas warmodgenili

aqvs Semdegi magaliTebi: buzur=nenenene “yinulis [natexebi] aris”; qulur

uyenal=lelelele Wureci “xelebi Zvlad iqca”.

214

metyvelebisa da folkmetyvelebisa da folkmetyvelebisa da folkmetyvelebisa da folk loris nimuSebiloris nimuSebiloris nimuSebiloris nimuSebi

varTaSnuli dialeqtivarTaSnuli dialeqtivarTaSnuli dialeqtivarTaSnuli dialeqti

sof. oqtomberi (zinobiani)sof. oqtomberi (zinobiani)sof. oqtomberi (zinobiani)sof. oqtomberi (zinobiani)

beS beS beS beS „ÁzÁzÁzÁz

zu „Áziz qarxesa. beS „Ázun wi

bune zinobiani. zinobiani

xaStine zinovin wien _ Sin-Te

miÁa eneWere. zinovinen miÁa

eneWereÁ beS insana hazar vuÁ-

baCˤ vuRˤewunji _ hazar sayo-

samji usena. Áax TayundesaÁ

qarxesan kul gagrina. ama beS

insan gagrina Teyun Tace,

miÁanun kulrux larine

varTaSenun kulruRu _ oÃ

iSanebaqe, W„l„g, Jˤeal oÃal

g”l” _ mamyunde miÁa. „Ázun

wia xaSyunde zinobiani.

zinovin butaÁ sa Rar _ aZik

silikaSvili ya sa xin„r _

leÁla.�

Cemi sofeliCemi sofeliCemi sofeliCemi sofeli

me vcxovrob sofelSi. Cveni

soflis saxelia zinobiani.

zinobians daerqva (zedmiw.

moinaTla) zinobis saxeli _

vinc aq mogviyvana. zinobim aq

moiyvana Cveni xalxi 1917-1921

wlebSi. Cven gvaZlevdnen

sacxovrebel miwas gagraSi,

magram Cveni xalxi gagraSi ar

wavida. aqauri miwa msgavsi iyo

varTaSenis miwis _ mdinare

axlos iyo, tye, qvac mdinareSi

bevri iyo _ darCnen aq. sofels

saxeli daarqves (zedmiw.

monaTles) zinobiani. zinobis

hyavda erTi vaJi _ aZik

silikaSvili da erTi

qaliSvili _ leila.

zu „Áz-i=z qarx-esa. beS „Áz-un wi bu=ne

me sofeli_DAT_1SG cxovreba_PRS Cveni sofeli_GEN saxeli

COP=3SG

me vcxovrob sofelSi. Cveni soflis saxeli aris

215

zinobiani. zinobiani xaS-t-i=ne zinov-in wi-en

zinobiani. zinobiani monaTvla_LV_AOR=3SG zinobi_GEN

saxeli_INS

zinobiani. zinobians daerqva zinobis saxeli [zedmiw. zinobiani

moinaTla zinobis saxeliT]

Sin-Te miÁa e=ne=Wer-e. zinovin-en miÁa

COMP aq moyvana=3SG=ST_PERF zinobi_ERG aq

vinc aq mogviyvana. zinobim aq

e=ne=Wer-e=Á beS insan-a hazar vuÁ+baCˤ

moyvana=3SG=ST_PERF=PST Cveni xalxi_DAT aTasi cxra+asi

moiyvana Cveni xalxi aTas cxraas

vuRˤew-unji hazar sayo+sa-mji usen-a. Áax

Cvidmeti_COLL aTasi oci+erTi_COLL weli_DAT Cven

Cvidmet-aTas cxraas ocdaerT wels. Cven

Ta=yun=d-esa=Á qarxesan kul gagr-in-a.

micema=3SG=LV_PRS=PST sacxovrebeli (< *AOC) miwa gagra_O_DAT

gvaZlevdnen sacxovrebel miwas gagraSi,

ama beS insan gagr-in-a Te=yun Ta-c-e,

magram Cveni xalxi gagra_O_DAT NEG=3PL wasvla_LV_PERF

magram Cveni xalxi gagraSi ar wavida

miÁanun kul-r-ux lari=ne varTaSen-un kul-r-uR-u

aqauri miwa_O_PL msgavsi=3SG varTaSeni_GEN miwa_O_PL_DAT

aqauri miwa [miwebi] msgavsi iyo varTaSenis miwis [miwebis]

216

oÃ iSa=ne=baqe, W„l„g, Jˤe=al oÃ-al

mdinare axlos yofna=3SG=LV_PERF tye qva=ADD mdinare_SUPER

mdinare axlos iyo, tye, qvac mdinareSi

g”l”. mam=yun=d-e miÁa. „Áz-un wi-a

bevri darCena=3PL=LV_PERF aq sofeli_GEN saxeli_DAT

bevri iyo. darCnen aq. sofels saxeli daarqves [monaTles]

xaS=yun=d-e zinobiani. zinov-in bu=ta=Á

monaTvla=3PL=LV_PERF zinobiani zinobi_GEN yola=3SG=PAST

zinobiani. zinobis hyavda

sa Rar aZik silikaSvili ya sa xin„r leÁla

erTi vaJi aZik silikaSvili da erTi qaliSvili leila

erTi vaJi _ aZik silikaSvili da erTi qaliSvili _ leila

kojin boSkojin boSkojin boSkojin boS1111

beS nanaÁ baneqe muR d„n„ „Áel

_ bip Rar, bip xin„r. Áan kojin

boS sunaxo g”l” Sel-Áen baqe,

muWˤa-Áan baqe. beSi baneqe

g”l”, g”l” qala qulrux. iC

wabuluxne baqe, uyˤne baqe.

sagala girÁanbe, sagala

aSÁanbe. aSle muÃˤÁan be

h„miS„.�

saxlSi [ojaxSi]saxlSi [ojaxSi]saxlSi [ojaxSi]saxlSi [ojaxSi]

deda Cems hyavda rva Svili _

oTxi biWi, oTxi gogo. Cven

ojaxSi Zalian kargad viyaviT

da tkbilad veqceodiT

erTmaneTs. Cven gvqonda bevri,

bevri didi nakveTi [miwa]. Cveni

[Tavisi] wabli gvqonda, Tavisi

kakali. erTad vkrefdiT [maT],

erTad vmuSaobdiT. saqmes

yovelTvis sixaruliT

vasrulebdiT.

1 aRniSnuli teqsti cawerilia ruseTis federaciis mecnierebaTa akademiis

aRmosavleTmcodneobis institutis mecnier TanamSromelTan i. landerTan erTad.

217

beS nana-Á ba=ne=q-e muR d„n„ „Áel, bip Rar, bip xin„r

Cemi deda_GEN yola=3SG=ST-PERF rva cali bavSvi oTxi biWi oTxi

gogo

deda Cems hyavda rva Svili _ oTxi biWi, oTxi gogo.

Áan koj-in boS suna-x-o g”l” Sel=Áen baq-e, muWˤa=Áan baq-e

Cven saxli_GEN SigniT erTmaneTi_PL_DAT kargi=1PL yofa_PERF

tkbili=1PL yofa_PERF

Cven ojaxSi Zalian kargad viyaviT da tkbilad veqceodiT

erTmaneTs.

beSi ba=ne=q-e g”l”, g”l” qala qul-rux

Cveni qona=3SG=ST-PERF bevri bevri didi miwa_PL

Cven gvqonda bevri didi nakveTi [miwa].

iC wabul-ux=ne baq-e, uyˤ=ne baq-e

Tavisi wabli_PL=3SG qona_PERF kakali=3SG qona_PERF

Cveni wabli gvqonda, kakali gvqonda.

sagala gir=Áan=b-e, sagala aS=Áan=b-e

erTad krefa=1PL=LV_PERF erTad muSaoba=1PL=LV_PERF

erTad vkrefdiT [maT], erTad vmuSaobdiT.

aS-l-e muyˤ=Áan b-e h„miS„

saqme_O_DAT sixaruli=1PL keTeba_PERF yovelTvis

saqmes yovelTvis sixaruliT vasrulebdiT.

218

demonsrtracidemonsrtracidemonsrtracidemonsrtracinananana1111

zu kalzuxaÁ viwumji klasa.

sa Ri zax qallexa raÁkomin

sekretaren. exneTe: eqe, exne...

Re maÁsun paˤni, maÁsun paˤtu un

deRˤallu demonsrtacina,

udin muzin gire etqanu. oSa

zu ene Tace uruzi simani kua.

tiÁa SotRo azye sa kinega,

zomzubaqe beS udin insaneaxo

eT„ryun te v„din„ qarxe,

eT„ryun iCoRo qarxesuna,

ejur„ baqe CubyoRoÁ,

iSyarmuRoÁ. xaSna paˤtu Cerez

qala demonstracina.

lamandaxun g”l” zax insane,

g”l” Sel muÃˤ prinimatebe.

udin muzin eÁTzufe,

Cixarzuke. oSa zax raÁkomin

sekretaren zax padarkane

Tade, g”l” dirisbaqane fe.

zual ene Ceri Tace kua.

demonstraciazedemonstraciazedemonstraciazedemonstraciaze

me vswavlobdi meaTe klasSi.

erT dRes gamomiZaxa raikomis

mdivanma. meubneba: “modi,

miTxari [momiyevi Seni ambavi]”.

“dRes ori maisia, or maiss Sen

gamoxval demonstraciaze, Sen

unda ilaparako udiurad”. amis

Semdeg me wavedi kidec simani

uruzisTan saxlSi. iq, masTan

aviRe erTi wigni, viswavle is,

Tu rogor cxovrobda Cveni udi

xalxi Zvelad [im dros],

rogori iyo TviT cxovreba,

rogori iyo qalisa [da]

mamakacis [cxovreba]. [im] Tvis

or ricxvSi gamovedi did

demonstraciaze. Sexvedrisas,

xalxma mimiRo Zalian kargad,

sixaruliT. udiurad vilaparake

[da] davamTavre. Semdeg raikomis

mdivanma saCuqari momca, didi

madloba miTxra. xolo me,

gamovedi da wavedi saxlSi.

zu kal=zu=x-a=Á viw-umji klas-a

me swavla=1SG=ST_PRS=PST aTi_COLL klasi_DAT

me vswavlobdi meaTe klasSi.

1 aRniSnuli teqsti cawerilia ruseTis federaciis mecnierebaTa akademiis

aRmosavleTmcodneobis institutis mecnier TanamSromelTan i. landerTan erTad.

219

sa Ri zax qal=le=x-a raÁkom-in sekretar-en

erTi dRe me:DAT gamoZaxeba=3SG=ST_PRS raikomi_GEN mdivani_ERG

sa Ri zax qallexa raÁkomin sekretaren

ex=ne=t-e eqe, ex=ne

Tqma:PST=3SG=LV_PERF Semosvla:IMP Tqma:IMP=3SG

meubneba: “modi, miTxari [momiyevi Seni ambavi]”.

Re maÁs-un paˤ-ni, maÁs-un paˤ-t-u un deRˤ-al=lu

dRes maisi_GEN ori_COLL maisi_GEN ori_NO_DAT Sen

gamosvla:FUT_FUT=3SG

demonsrtaci-n-a, udi-n muz-in gi=re1 etq-a=nu

demonstracia_O=DAT udiuri_GEN ena_GEN COND=3SG

Tqma:PRS_PRS=2SG

“dRes ori maisia, or maiss Sen gamoxval demonstraciaze, Sen unda

ilaparako udiurad”.

oSa zu ene Tac-e uruzi siman-i kua

Semdeg me kidev wasvla_PERF uruzi simani_GEN saxli:DAT

amis Semdeg me wavedi kidec simani uruzisTan saxlSi.

tiÁa So-t-Ro a=z=y-e sa kinega

iq DIST_NO_ABL aReba=1SG=ST-PERF erTi wigni

1 gigigigi= pirobiT-natvriTi kilos mawarmoebeli klitika. am SemTxvevaSi mosalodneli

iyo forma gigigigi=nenenene. gaugebaria, Tu riT aris gamowveuli III piris aRmniSvneli klitikis

fonetikuri cvlileba: =nenenene > =rererere.

220

iq, masTan aviRe erTi wigni

zom=zu=baq-e beS udi-n insane-axo eT„r=yun te v„d-in-„ qarx-e

swavla=1SG=LV_PERF Cveni udi_GEN xalxi_ABL rogor=3PL DIST

dro_O_DAT cxovreba_PERF

viswavle is, Tu rogor cxovrobda Cveni udi xalxi Zvelad [im

dros].

eT„r=yun iC-oR-o qarx-esun-a

rogor=3PL TviTon_PL_DAT cxovreba_MSD II_DAT?1

rogori iyo TviT cxovreba.

ejur„ baq-e Cub-yoR-oÁ, iSyar-muR-oÁ

rogori yofa_PERF qali:PL_PL_GEN kaci_PL_GEN2

rogori iyo qalisa [da] mamakacis [cxovreba].

xaS-n-a paˤ-t-u Cer-e=z qala demonstraci-n-a

Tve_O_DAT ori_NO_DAT gamosvla:PST_PERF=1SG didi

demonstracia_O_DAT

[im] Tvis or ricxvSi gamovedi did demonstraciaze.

laman-d-axun g”l” zax insan-e, g”l” Sel muÃˤ prinimat=e=b-e

Sexvedra_LV_ABS bevri me:DAT xalxi_DAT bevri kargi sixaruli

miReba=3SG=LV_PERF

1 gramatikulad gaumarTavi winadadeba. gaugebaria dativis gamoyeneba rogorc

formasTan iC-oR, ise masdarTan qar-x-esun. 2 gaumarTavi winadadeba: aklia subieqti.

221

Sexvedrisas, xalxma mimiRo Zalian kargad, sixaruliT.

udi-n muz-in eÁT=zu=f-e, Cixar=zu=k-e

udiuri_GEN ena_INS laparaki=1SG=LV_PERF dasruleba=1SG=LV_PERF

udiurad vilaparake [da] davamTavre.

oSa zax raÁkom-in sekretar-en zax padark-a=ne Tad-e

Semdeg me:DAT raikomi_GEN mdivani_ERG me:DAT saCuqari_DAT=3SG

mocema_PERF

g”l” dirisbaqa=ne f-e

didi madloba=3SG Tqma:MSD_PERF

Semdeg raikomis mdivanma saCuqari momca, didi madloba miTxra.

zu=al ene Cer-i Tac-e kua

me=ADD kidev gamosvla:PST_AOR wasvla:PST_PERF saxli:DAT

xolo me [mec kidev], gamovedi da wavedi saxlSi.

aRala selaRala selaRala selaRala sel

aRala sel baÁnece,

kokow xodal laÁnece,

d„l„gun xin„r Wenebaqe,

bez ukin W„Án xenebaqe,

Zlieri wvimaZlieri wvimaZlieri wvimaZlieri wvima

(xalxuri leqsi)

Zlieri wvima movida [zedmiw.

Sevida],

qaTami xeze avida,

dalaqis qaliSvili wavida

[zedmiw. gadavida],

Cemi guli [gulis cximi] dadna

222

aÁ xin„r, xin„r ma-Taqe,

bez ukin W„Án xenebaqe

o, gogov, gogov, nu waxval

Cemi guli [gulis cximi] dadna

burxoRoÁ maralburxoRoÁ maralburxoRoÁ maralburxoRoÁ maral

aman, oxˤalji, un za maduRa,

zu me burxoRoÁ nana maral-

zu,

maral-zu, zu ham Áaralu,

zu me burxoRoÁ nana maral-

zu,

nana maral-zu, nana maral-zu,

me burxoRoÁ marale †uruko,

iC TurmuRo Jˤene-ne tapko,

me burxoRoÁ nana maral-zu,

nana maral-zu, nana maral-zu

mTis iremimTis iremimTis iremimTis iremi

(xalxuri simRera)

hei, monadirev, Sen me nu mesvri,

me am mTis deda iremi var,

iremi var, Tanac daWrili,

me am mTis deda iremi var,

deda iremi var, deda irmi var,

am mTis iremi seirnobs,

Tavisi fexebiT qvebs isvris

[zedmiw. icems],

am mTis deda iremi var,

deda iremi var, deda iremi var

mamuSmamuSmamuSmamuSˤakakakak

oCˤalun SavaTluR Colle

Were,

jeÁranux puranal dšzšna-ne

Were, dšzšnane Were,

WˤoWa mamuSˤakux kaˤkapene Were,

mono dšnÁa-ne, mono dšnÁa-ne,

SavaTluRo tRoÁ

iaiaiaia

(xalxuri simRera)

miwis silamaze maRla amovida

[zedmiw. gamovida],

jeiranebi kidevac mindorze

gamovidnen,

mindorze gamovidnen,

wiTeli iebi muxlebamde

amovidnen,

es qveyana, es qveyana aris

lamazebis.

223

naizustuxnaizustuxnaizustuxnaizustux

puran JˤoRule are, bez doRda

nana Áurdu,

buruRo wiwik, Wˤomol wiwik

ÃaÁnece har sagala,

vardu xoSel... JˤoRla xoSel

eka baqo? vardu xoSel eka

baqo?

dš... doRma nana xoSel me

dšnÁani eka baqo?

vax b„stlamiSSube zu sa

maral kena,

neSˤumnu baqe kokow kena,

bez papiros boksin-boksin,

aruxne biTe ukel,

barTi TazRo zu va, aÁ hin„r!

manudo boksin-boksin.

vax b„stlamiSSube zu sa

maral kena,

neSˤum banqo nayel kena,

gogin kabinen bezi banuqo,

aÁ, elmux! jan elmux! buyal

varTaSen kena.

bez papiros dšzšn„ne mande,

leqsebileqsebileqsebileqsebi

isev movida gazafxuli Cems

mSobliur mxareSi,

tyis yvavilebi, ezos yvavilebi

gaixara yvelgan,

vardze ukeTesi... gazafxulze

ukeTesi ra SeiZleba iyos?

vardze ukeTesi ra SeiZleba

iyos?

mSobel dedaze ukeTesi amqveynad

ra SeiZleba iyos?

me rogorc irems geferebodi, Sen

ki gayviTldi rogorc qaTami,

Cemi papirosi iwvis-iwvis, gulSi

momxvda cecxli,

migatoveb, Sen, oi gogov!

daixrukebi cecxlSi.

me rogorc irems geferebodi, Sen

ki gayviTldi rogorc mawoni,

mwvane kabaSi gaxdebi Cemi,

oi sulo! sulo jan! rogorc

sayvareli varTaSeni.

Cemi papirosi mindorSi darCa,

224

dšzšn„ne †uruko,

xanWalal xin„ri qene †uruko.

mindorSi seirnobs,

xolo xanjali gogos xelSi.

udin udin udin udin pasWaRpasWaRpasWaRpasWaRluRluRluRluR

Áan buÁan udin millŽT. udin

millŽT ŽmŽlŽxne are, g™l™

bisi vŽdinaxo, beS erinal

wirik me millŽT enesa te

vŽdina... me millŽTun pasWaRne

baqe iC fadCaRluRne baqe, iC

ŽÁluxne baqe, muzne baqe,

camfesune baqe. oSa ene kiw-

kiwi, kiw-kiwi, kiw-kiwi me bisi

udiRom laxo areyuni

TaTarmux, sparselux, arabux,

mongolux. matinTe me udin

millŽTŽ fuCne be. udin

millŽTun baneqe iC pasWaR.

bataqe paˤ dŽnŽ Rar, sa Rari wi

baneqe oroÁs, sa Rari wi

baneqe arine. arine baneqe g™l™

TŽnbŽl Rar. metin ekal beTene,

oxˤalaxo savaÁ iC qe†il ekal

udiuri samefoudiuri samefoudiuri samefoudiuri samefo

Cven varT udi eri (rjuli). udi

eri warmoiqmna (zedmiw. gasuqda)

uZvelesi droidan Cvens

welTaRricxvamde. es eri movida

im dros. am ers hyavda mefe;

Tavisi samefo hqonda, Tavisi

soflebi hqonda, ena hqonda,

damwerloba hqonda. Semdeg, nel-

nela, nel-nela am udiebis Zvel

miwaze modiodnen TaTrebi,

sparselebi, arabebma,

monRolebma, romlebmac es udi

eri gadaagvares (gaafuWes).

udiur ers hyavda Tavisi mefe.

mas hyavda ori (cali) vaJi. erTi

vaJis saxeli iyo oroisi, [xolo]

erTi [meore] vaJis saxeli iyo

arine. arine iyo Zalian zarmaci

(vaJi). is arafers akeTebda,

nadirobis garda araferi

moswonda: marto Wamda, svamda,

qeifSi iyo, sanadirod dadioda.

umcrosi Svili oroisi iyo

Zalian Wkviani da Zalian alali,

225

Teta are. TŽqsŽ uqaneÁ, uRˤaneÁ,

qe† baneÁ, oxˤala TaRaneÁ.

kiwke Rar oroÁs baneqe g™l™

hayulu, g™l™ halal, aSpalo,

pasWaRluRa meÁdani CiCalo

pasWaR baneqe g™l™ yoja

adamar. evaxTe ene me pasWaR

yojane baqe, ene abatu Te

biÁal vŽdŽ arene, metin botuye

kiwke Rarax arcestane taxt-a

laxo, amma qala RarenTe

abatu baqe metu sa Ri iC

ÁuldaSmuRoxo sagala

†iqirebe zu eTŽr baz=Te

pasWaRluRa bez qe ayaz

kalefe iC ÁuldaSmuRo,

ÁuldaSmuRoxo sagala

maslahate be, ayi me kiwke

Raraxal TayunSere iCxo

oxˤala oxˤala=Te Tayunce

menor, metRon ene †iqirbi

hazar jšrŽ uski me kiwke viCex

biyi besyunbe, boyˤ kena

Sˤamyunfe braxyunde Weriyun

are. pasWaRen Te atuke Te

kiwke Rar bespine iC dŽrd-uxo

mŽrŽz-ixo bineTe purene

mSromeli, rTul situaciebSi

poulobda gamosavals (zedmiw.

mefis moednidan gamomsvleli

[iyo]). mefe iyo Zalian moxuci

adamiani. rodesac es mefe

daberda, gaigo ra, rom

sikvdilis dro mouvida, mas

mounda umcrosi Svilis taxtze

ayvana (dajdoma), magram didma

vaJma gaugo, erT dRes Tavis

amxanagebTan erTad ifiqra, Tu

ra gaakeTos, rom aiRos mefoba

Tavis xelSi. dauZaxa Tavis

amxanagebs, amxanagebTan erTad

moiaparakes, aiyvanes (aiRes) es

patara biWi da waiyvanes TaviTan

[erTad] sanadirod. isini

wavidnen sanadirod, amaT ki

moifiqres, aTasnairad gazomes,

Tu rogor ganexorcieebinaT am

umcrosi Zmis mokvla _ RoriviT

dakles, Tavi mianebes da

wamovidnen. mefes gaego ra es,

rom patara biWi mokles, Zalian

udardia (Tavisi dardi ganicada,

sulierad daavadda,) da

momkvdara. xelmwifeba gadavida

(darCa) didi vaJis xelSi. didi

Zma mxolod moqeife adamiani iyo.

nel-nela am samefos saqme ukan-

ukan (dangrevisaken) wavida da

226

pasWaRluR manede qala Rari

qe. qala Rar te TŽqsŽ qe†na

adamare baqe kiw-kiwi ÃoS Taci

pasWaRluR fasne baqe. zor

Teta baqe Te ene Curkaneda

pasWaRluR fasne baqe

albaniÁa.

Zala aq hqonda SeeCerebina

albaneTis samefos dangreva.

udiux vaudiux vaudiux vaudiux vaˤ ggggššššrjistanrjistanrjistanrjistan

bisi znaCiT (rus.) udiRo

pasWaRluR albaneT baneqe

gšrjistanaxo sagala manuTe

beSˤ si†tŽ exyuniÁ iberiÁa.

iberinen za†tebe dšršs maˤÁn

dŽrŽnunya kaspi dŽrŽnun

biRˤil. me kulurux baneqe

bšTšm sa dŽnŽ pasWaRluR.

xibimji erina Tamar pasWaRTe

arene taxt-u te vŽdinŽ ene j™k

baqine baqe... beS vŽdinŽl wirik

pasWaRlux j™kne baqe; iberiÁa

j™kne baqe, albaneTaxo

gšrjistana. albaneTen aneye

xaSparazlux xibimji erina

udiebi da saqarTveloudiebi da saqarTveloudiebi da saqarTveloudiebi da saqarTvelo

Zvelad, ese igi, udiebis samefo

albaneTi saqarTvelosTan erTad

iyo [Sedioda erT saxelmwifoSi],

romelsac winad uwodebdnen

iberias. iberia gadaWimuliyo

(mTianad moicavda) Savi zRvisa

da kaspiis zRvis Soris. es

miwebi mTlianad iyo erTi mefis.

mesame saukuneSi taxtze avida

Tamari (zedmiw. Tamaris mefoba

movida) (?). im dros ukve cal-

calke iyo... Cven droSi

[welTaRricxvaSi] samefo ukve

daSlili (calke) iyo; iberia

calke iyo... albaneTisagan

saqarTvelo [calke iyo].

albaneTma miiRo (aiRo)

qristianoba mesame saukuneSi

Cveni welTaRricxvis. amis Semdeg

227

beS vŽdinŽl wirik, Sotxo oSa

gšrjistanene aye,

xaSparazlux. hameTŽr metRo

aSurux Tanece. pawwimji

veqnul wirik albaneT baneqe

g™l™ zoru, g™l™ har sa aˤm-

exo... doRrine pasWaR purene,

Sotxo oSa yeri pasWaRne baqe

me qala Raren me pasWaRluRa

dšršs fuCne be, ama iz

saldatta baqe. manuTe

saldatux Tžnginenyun aSbi

dšršs armenistanaya ŽrmenRo

hetuale baqe me saldatRon

q™mŽqyunbe gšrjinaxalyun q™mŽq

be nu buneTe naemni (rus.),

menor. pawwemji veqnu beS

TarÊRal wirik mungoleTRon

dšršs albaneTa fasyunbe,

dšršs ŽÁzurRo bokesyunbe,

iyˤnulyun Wurevke. da, insana

kawyunfe, iCRon quluruxRo

za†Tyunde oSa azeruxyun are,

da, manuTe haÁsa bisi albaneT

baneqesa azerbeÁjan ma

azerbeÁjan qano bune

saqarTvelom miiRo (aiRo)

qristianoba. ase wavida maTi

saqme. meTormete saukunemde

albaneTi iyo Zalian Zlieri,

yvelanairad (yvela mxridan) iyo

Zlieri. marTalia mefe daiRupa,

imis Semdeg mefe gaxda es

ufrosi vaJi, [romelmac]

mTlianad daSala (daangria) es

saxelmwifo, magram mas [mainc]

hyavda jari, romeli jaric

daqiravebuli iyo [fuliT

muSaobda, akeTebda saqmes] da

msaxurobda somxur jarSi. es

jariskacebi exmarebodnen

(qomagobdnen) saqarTvelos. es

iyo daqiravebuli jari. Cveni

welTaRricxvis meTormete

saukuneSi albaneTi mTlianad

monRolebma daSales (daangries).

soflebi mTlianad dawves,

gadaaqcies ferflad, xalxi

daxoces, daikaves mTeli miwa

(miwebi). mere movidnen

azerbaijanelebi (azerebi) da

dRevandeli azerbaijani aris

Zveli albaneTi. eg azerbaijani,

eseni arian TaTrebi, romlebmac

daikaves [Cveni] miwa Cveni

welTaRricxvis meTormete

saukuneSi. mere, ukve am

228

TaTarmuRon ayi kul pawwemji

veknu beS vŽdinŽl wirik oSa

ene me azerbeÁjana areyuni

Žrmenux, me ŽrmenuxTe gŽryun

baqe TaTarmuRoxo. ŽrmenRon

g™l™ TaTarmuRoxo sagala

baWˤan-baWˤane duRi g™l™

udiRo laxo ŽÁTyunfe, gileÁ-

yunbe, insana g™l™yun fuC be.

insan ene mŽjbšRe baqe WeRane

TaRane, azebaÁjanaxo udiux

Weri Tayunce. Tayunce

fasyunbaqe me udiux si†tŽ

hazar vuÁ baCˤumji TarÊRa, vuÁ

baCˤ, vuÁ baCˤ Ãomji TarÊRa.

oSa ene hazar vuÁ baCˤ

vuRˤewemji ene voobSe (rus.).

sayosamji TarÊRa, udiRo yaTi

Werene, te jšrŽ, Werene te

jšrŽ adamarTe matinTe iCin

bule zafe insana, eneCere

udiRox gšrjistana.

gšrjistanaTe eneCere me

udiRox. me adamari wi baneqe

azerbaijanSi movidnen samxebi. es

somxebi SeuerTdnen TaTrebs.

somxebma, bevr TaTarTan erTad,

mxardamxar, bevr Woraobdnen

udiebze, iWoraves, xalxi bevric

gadaagvares (gaafuWes). xalxi

(ukve) iZulebuli Seiqmna

(gasuliyo da) wasuliyo.

azerbaijanidan udiebi (gavidnen

da) wavidnen. wavidnen, daiSalnen

es udiebi aTas cxraas xuT _

aTas cxraas Tormet wlebSi.

ukve aTas cxraas Cvidmeti wlis

Semdeg aTas cxraas ocdaerT

wlamde udiebi saerTod wavidnen.

udiebSi gamoCnda (gamovida)

iseTi kaci, romelmac saTaveSi

Caudga Cven xalxs da

saqarTveloSi moiyvana udiebi.

saqarTveloSi moiyvana es udiebi.

am adamianis saxeli iyo zino,

siliki [silikaSvili] zino

[zinobi] andros Ze (zedmiw.

Tavisi mama andro). moiyvana

saqarTveloSi, rodesac

Camovidnen saqarTveloSi, aman

[zinom] uTxra [udiebs]: _ Tu

gindaT davrCeT, Tqven mogcemen

nakveTebs Savi zRvis sanapiroze.

wadiT iq! kargi miwebia,

icxovreT! xalxi zinosTan

229

zino, siliki zino, iC baba

Žndiri. eneCere gšrjistana,

evaxTe areyuni menor

gšrjistana, metRo feyuni: _

ŽgŽnŽm eˤ†an buvaxsanani, eˤ†ax

Taden kulurux maˤÁn dŽrŽnun

Wotel. Taqenan tiÁa! Sel

kuluruxne, qarxanani! insanen

zinovinaxo sagala aryunce

maslahatyunbe _ eTŽrÁanbo?

ekaÁanbo? maÁan TaRo? eTŽrTe

varTaSen baneqe g™l™ Jˤela ga

buruxal iSˤane baqe, me insanen

†iqirebeTe, eRen hamiÁa maTe

maÁande, haÁsanun zinobianina,

miÁa WŽlŽgale bu, JˤeÁal oÃal

iSˤane, qarxeni miÁa, kojurux

biyeni mŽsŽlŽ eCen, qarxeni miÁa.

haqa-jšrŽluRen ben, insan

manede kvareli raÁ...

gšrjistana, yvarelin raÁona,

manoTe haÁsa zinobiani,

zinobin wiÁen, malTe haÁsal

qaryunxesa zinonenTe eneCere

miÁa udiRo, eCeri miÁa TŽzŽ

qŽrfšCšn zavodeSEtI ÃaÁfe,

erTad dajda, [da] moiaparakes _

rogor moviqceT (gavakeToT)? ra

gavakeToT? sad wavideT? radgan

varTaSeni iyo Zalian qviani

adgili, tyec (mTac) axlos iyo,

es xalxi dafiqrda _ sadac

varT, aq davrCeT. zinobianSi, aq

tyec axlos aris, qva mdinareSic

axlos, vicxovroT aq, saxlebi

avaSenoT, masala movitanoT,

vicxovroT aq. ai, ase es xalxi

darCa saqarTveloSi, yvarlis

rionSi, [adgilSi] romelic exla

zinobiania, zinobis saxeliT

[aris darqmeuli], sadac exla

cxovroben [udiebi]. zinom aq rom

Camoasaxla udiebi, aq moawyo

(moitana) axali aguris qarxana,

abreSumis qarxana gaxsna,

gvqonda Tavisi abreSumi, sadac

[risganac] qsovilebs qsovdnen.

gaxsna kramitis qarxana,

kramitebs akeTebdnen. amis Semdeg

gamoiyvanes deni (Suqi). mTel

raionSi deni arsad ar iyo,

magram zinobianSi amis Semdeg

deni iyo. zinobi (zino) iyo

iseTi [Zalian] niWieri da Wkviani

kaci. Cven (Tavis) sofelSi mere

wina planze gamovida (win waiRes

da gamovidnen) iseTi xalxi,

230

arbeSˤumun zavode ÃaÁfe,

bataqe iC arbeSˤum, maTe yÊw-

ruxyun serbeÁ kiramitun

zavode ÃaÁfe, kiramituyun

hebe, hamejšrŽ xaSne CiCeste

dšršs raÁona xaS Tene baqe,

ama zinobianina xaS baneqe oSa

ene. me zinovinaxTe ayukeTe

g™l™ mejšrŽ bula maˤ-la

adamare, iC ŽÁzixTe beSˤne

TaSSa Wereyun adamarux,

matRonTe metu WeyunCere

protiv partii (rus.), Te mono

h™qmŽTun dšSmŽnne. da,

zinovinax oCˤalaxo aWesyunbe

ayi Tayunce TayunSere, me

zinobi manede sa dŽnŽ Rar sa

dŽnŽ xinŽr manorTe haÁsal

dšršsyuni, Rari wi bune aZik.

baneqe ministerane,

ministerstvinane aSbe sviazi,

radio i sxiazi (rus.) xinŽren

gena aSnebe konservatorina

lektor. da, iC Rar mataÁTe

bune haÁsa pianist, amerikinane

aSbesa.

romelTac ise warmoadgines

(gamoiyvanes) saqme, rom TiTqosda

is (zinobi) partiis winaaRmdeg

midioda, rom is (TiTqosda)

saxelmwifos mteri iyo. da

zinobi miwasTan gaaswores da

waiyvanes, amis Semdeg igi aravis

unaxavs. am zinobis darCa erTi

(cali) vaJi da erTi (cali)

qaliSvili, romebic exlac ki

cocxebi arian. vaJis saxelia

aZik (andro). [is] iyo ministri _

kavSirgabmulobis ministri.

qaliSvili muSaobs

konservatoriis leqtorad, hyavs

SviliSvili, romelic amerikaSi

pianistad muSaobs.

231

avtobiograavtobiograavtobiograavtobiogra††††iaiaiaia

zu nanaxo basqe hazar vuÁ baCˤ

paˤyo uyˤumji TarÊRa,

varTaSenun raÁonu, varTaSenun

iC boS varTaSen bune sa qala

ŽÁz, iC boS qaryunxesa udiux,

lekurux, TaTarmux, Žrmenux,

uruzux, juuturux. me

insanRoxo udiux g™l™ Sel

TarayunexaÁ, bšTšmtxo, hartxo

muzyun buRˤafsaÁ, hartxo heyun

besaÁ.

raÁkomun samjiÁo baneqe beSi

TaTar, CubRo asil, dibirova.

paˤyoxibewwemji TarÊRa

baÁzuce samji klasa,

sentabrun xaSi baneqe g™l™

qala oCˤal galfesun, pawwe

bal. me pawwe balu beRˤi beS,

beS varTaSena g™l™ qala

JˤeruxTe bune, oCˤal baTqe

Tene, hebe Tene, da, insan saR-

salamaT Cxareke

paˤyobipewwemji TarÊRa Skola

baÁci, Cxarzuke xibyˤoÃomji

avtobiografiavtobiografiavtobiografiavtobiografiaaaa

me davibade aTas cxraas

ormocda eqvs wels, varTaSenis

raionSi, SigniT [qalaq]

varTaSenSi. varTaSeni aris erTi

didi sofeli, iq cxovroben

udiebi, lekebi, TaTrebi, somxebi,

rusebi, ebraelebi. (es) udiebi am

xalxTan (xalxisagan) kargad

cxovrobdnen, yvelasTan

naxulobdnen saerTo enas. Cveni

raikomis mdivani iyo TaTari,

mdedrobiTi sqesis, [gvarad]

dibirova. [aTas cxraas]

ormocdaToTxmet wels wavedi

pirvel klasSi, seqtembris TveSi

iyo Zalian didi miwisZvra _

Tormetbaliani (?!). miuxedavad am

Tormetbaliani miwisZvrisa, Cveni

varTaSeni ar daingra (miwaSi ar

Cavarda), radgan aris Zalian

didi qviani adgili da saxlic

saR-salamaTi gadarCa. (am)

skolaSi swavlis periodSi me

yvelgan viyavi mowinave, raikomis

mdivnidan dawyebuli,

232

TarÊRa me Skola kalfesunun

mamentRo, zu bšTšm gala

raÁkomun sekretar½axo burÃi,

kamsamolun sekretar½axo

burÃi, bšTšmtin zax h™rmŽTyun

be, aSSube ham Skola ŽÁluRo

laxo, gazeTun ridaktorzu

baqe, bazqe raÁonun

kamsamolun bšronun Clenzu

baqe, tiÁalzu aSpe, ŽÁluRo

kamsamolzu prinimat (rus.)

besaÁ, q™mŽq besaÁ. oSal bazqe

e(t)jšrŽTe Skola samji aÁel,

bšTšm gala zax h™rmŽTyun be,

bšTšm gala bazqe ejšrŽTe

lazÊmne. bazqe bŽqšnŽ, sumgaiTa,

hetoRoz †urufe spartsmenzu

baqe, ŽgŽnŽm varTaSena Skola

kalkal mamenta sa dŽnŽ qŽrŽm

miting baneqe, ŽgŽnŽm Wereyun

ŽÁTurRon si†tŽmji raÁkomun

sekretaren zaxne Wˤaqfe.

SetabaxtingTe bez tati, nana,

baba, bšTšm Áan udiuxÁan baqe

damTavrebuli komkavSiris

mdivniT, yvela mcemda pativs,

skolaSi bavSvebTanac vmuSaobdi,

gazeTis redaqtori viyavi,

raionis komkavSiris biuros

wevri viyavi. iqac vmuSaobdi,

Tanac bavSvebs komkavSirSi

misaRebad vamzadebdi,

vexmarebodi. rogorc skolaSi

viyavi pirveli bavSvi, yvela me

jerovan (rogorc saWiro iyo)

pativs mcemda. baqoSi viyavi,

sumgaiTSi viyavi, Sekrebebze

davdiodi (vseirnobdi),

sportsmeni viyavi. varTaSenis

skolaSi swavlis periodSi, Tu

sadme mitingi iyo, Tu sadme

sityviT gamodiodnen, yvelgan

raikomis mdivani amomirCevda

xolme (sityvis saTqmelad).

imitom rom, Cemi bebia, deda, mama,

Cven yvelani udiebi viyaviT.

udiebis mxridan yovelTvis me

gamovdiodi, yovelTvis me

gamovdiodi moxsenebiT. skolis

periodSi, Cven, skolis bavSvebi,

piesas vdgavdiT TeatrSi,

romeli piesiTac Cven [Semdgom]

233

udiRo TŽrŽ†axo hŽmmŽSŽ zuz

vÊstupat (rus.) besaÁ, hŽmmŽSŽ

zuz ŽÁtexaÁ, ekaTe lazÊmne.

Skolun momentRo, Áan Skolun

ŽÁluRon fÁesaÁan laxsaÁ

teatra, manoTe pÁesoRon Áan

vÊstupatÁan (rus.) besaÁ

insanun beSˤm beS raÁkomun

divani (qarT.) baneqe bez

†amilinen, zu buzu tÊRÊri

akonin xinŽr. da, raÁkomun

divani baneqe dibirova sa†iÁa

ho, da, zuTe sagala TassaÁda

zaxo xabaryun aysaÁ, zu hŽmmŽSŽ

exzuÁ Sono bez Žmikun xinŽre.

saÁal zax g™l™yun uvaJat

(rus.) besaÁ. da, malTe heneÁ

puran hate iCinal te CubRon

zax g™l™ h™rmŽte besaÁ, bšTšm

gala kallexaÁ, exneÁ, _

eTŽrÁanbo? ekaÁanbo? zaxo

xabare aysaÁ. xibyˤoÃomji

TarÊRaTe zu Cxarzuke Skola,

zu buzayeÁ kalkazuÁ oSa ene

te jšrŽne baqeTe ene arez

gamovdiodiT xalxis winaSe.

Cveni raikomis mdivani iyo Cveni

gvaris, me var tiRiri (tiRirova)

olga akonis asuli da raikomis

mdivani iyo dibirova sofia. Tu

sadme erTad mivdiodiT,

mekiTxebodnen, me veubnebodi _

Cemi biZaSviliao. ufro did

pativs mcemdnen, is qalic (kidec)

mcemda pativs. me did pativs

mcemdnen, yvelgan (yvela

adgilas) meZaxodnen,

meaparakebodnen, _ rogor

gavakeToT?), ra gavakeToT? _

ambavs mekiTxebodnen. [aTas

cxraas] samocdaxuT wels me

davamTavre skola, mindoda

swavla gamegrZelebina, magram

Camovedi saqarTveloSi da mama

Cemma gamaTxova. aq myavs meuRle,

xuTi Svili _ sami vaJi, ori

qaliSvili, dedamTili myavs,

mamamTili myavs. gaTxovebis

Semdeg, me varTaSenidan

Camosuls (mosuls), radgan

vicodi eqvsi (cali) ena, raikomis

komitetSi raikomis mdivanTan

meZaxodnen da mawerinebdnen,

234

gšrjistana iSene Tade bez

baban miÁa bubezi bez iSu, Ão

aÁel, xib Rar, paˤ xinŽr, zu,

bez seÁnene baqe, seÁdene baqe.

ariTxo oSa zax raÁona

eTŽrTe zu varTaSenaxo ari

abazaÁ uyˤ tŽnŽ muz, raÁkomun

kamitetaTe raÁkomun

sekretarenTe itubaqe zax

kalyunfe raÁona. kaxnuxoyun

esaÁ, da, bŽqšnaxoyun esaÁ,

lozungRo bšTšm te hetRo

zaxyun camfestesaÁ, TaTaruRo

uruzin muzin da, miÁal

raÁona puran babezqe g™l™

Sel h™rmŽT, ama muz

camfesununTe Teza abbaqe, zu

makala bapes Teza baqe

kaxidan meZaxodnen, baqodan

modiodnen, sxvadasxva (yvela)

lozungs mawerinebdnen

azerbaijanul (TaTrul) da

rusul enebze. aqac raionSi

vsargebobdi didi pativiscemiT,

magram radgan ena da wera

[qarTuli] ar vicodi, verafers

mivaRwie. [rodesac] vTamaSobdiT

”vuyvarvar ar vuyvarvar”

yvavilebiT, erT dRes, dasvenebis

dros, bavSvebs rom eZinaT, erTma

didma gvelma gadaiara bavSvebze,

erTi-orze gadaiara da wavida.

dizikdizikdizikdizik

Skola kalkal mamenta ene

viwwumji klasaÁaniÁ, beSi

baneqe sa Ão-Ão gektar

yarfuzun-bostanun ga, baneqe

sal jalRa-luRÁan beRˤsaÁ me

gvegvegvegvelllliiii

(ukve) skolaSi swavlis periodSi

meaTeklaseli viyavi, Cven rom

gvqonda ocdaxuTi heqtari baR-

bostani (sazamTvro-bostanis

nakveTi) da kidev namyeni xe-xili.

235

aSla TaRaxun Áan tiÁa

ŽÁluRon pereliva besaÁaniÁ

birŽzŽrun arci aWiÁanexaÁ

liubit-neliubit cicikux ayi

hebi, sa RiÁal heÁanbe

baskiyuniÁ aÁluxda sal

beRˤsaÁan sa Áeqa dizik arene

aÁluRo laxo, sa poˤtaÁ laxo

Webaqene Tace Tanece, oSa

RarmuRon gireci besyunbe,

icodabesyunbe, eCeri layunxe

uSˤtelun toRˤol baskesyunde,

uStelTe aÁnezere moRorebaqe,

beRˤsane iC toRˤol sa Áeqa

dizik baskine Tu arada (qarT.)

bespine baqe ene, RarmuRon

besyunbeÁ. aÁnezeri beRˤi

wiRˤinefe oSaTe ayuke Áan

aÁluRon axSˤumfesin,

axSˤumÁanexaÁ, da, uStelen-gena

Tetu abaÁ, eka baneÁ. da, g™l™

Sel vŽdŽmuxÁan WebaqestesaÁ qa

zara†ate, aWine, Skolun

mamentRo. sa Ão-Ão gektar

bostanexo, Sel bostanbeS

baqe, TaÁande h™qmŽteÁan Tade

Áax premiuxyun Tade,

yarRodaliÁan sdavatbi (rus.).

jalRaluRbeS baqe, telan

rodesac Cven mivdiodiT

samuSaod, iq Cven, bavSvebi

dRisiT vakeTebdiT Sesvenebas,

vjdebodiT, vTamaSobdiT. Semdeg

biWebi wavidnen, aiRes da mokles,

mkvdari gveli daawvines

maswavlebis gverdiT,

maswavebelma gaiRviZa da dainaxa

gverdiT didi gvei wevs. arada

gveli biWebma mokles [ar icoda]

da daiwyo kivili. Semdeg naxa,

rom Cven, bavSvebi viciniT, mixvda

(gaigo) rom gveli mkvdaria,

maswavebelma ar icoda ra eqna.

bevr karg dros vatarebdiT

skolaSi swavlis periodSi,

vxumrobdiT, vTamaSobdiT.

ocdaxuTi heqtari baRidan, kargi

baRi gvqonda, CavabareT,

saxelmwifos CavabareT. Cven

miviReT premiebi, simindic

CavabareT, xe-xilidan vaSli

CavabareT. wlis bolos

kolmeurneobam kargi pativi gvca,

Cven premiebi mogvca. jildo-

sigelebi misces skolas Zalian

kargi muSaobisaTvis. da

davikaveT pirveli adgili Cven

236

eSˤÁan boyˤi sdavatbe (rus.). da,

usenun axÊra Áaxo kalxozen

Sel h™rmŽtebe, Áax premiuxne

Tade eCeri paxvalni list

(rus.) uruxne TadeTe Skolin

g™l™ Sel aSne be. da, g™l™

si†tŽmji gaÁan biye Áan

raÁona.

raonSi.

bez naizustuxbez naizustuxbez naizustuxbez naizustux

Skola kalkal mamentRo Áax

raÁkomun sekretaren kalexaÁ,

hŽmmŽSŽ vÊstupatÁan (rus.) besaÁ

kuluba. miÁa kuluba eRaxon

zu hŽmmŽSŽ udin muzinzu WesaÁ,

tiÁa bez camfi naizust-Roz

(rus.) kalexaÁ, bez camfi

maRˤne Áa perevodbine udin

muzin hŽmmŽSŽ vÊstupatzube

(rus.) udin muzin sa tejšrŽ sa

dŽnŽ ŽgŽrTe naizustTe (rus.)

camzufe bezi, bune manoTe

ŽÁzun laxone cam, JˤoRlun

laxo:

Cemi leqsebiCemi leqsebiCemi leqsebiCemi leqsebi

skolaSi swavlis periodSi, Cven

raikomis mdivanma gviTxra, rom

gamovsuviyaviT klubSi. am

klubSi, rodesac movdiodi,

yovelTvis udiur enaze

gamovdiodi, iq Cem daweril

leqsebs vambobdi, Cem daweril

simRerebs. Cven vakeTebdiT

Targmans da udiur enaze

gamovdiodiT. erTi aseTi leqsi,

[romelic] me davwere, aris

(dawerili) sofelze da

gazafxulze:

237

puran JˤoRule are, bez doRma

nana Áurdu

buruRo wiwik, Cˤomol wiwik

ÃaÁnece har sagala

vardu xoSel JˤoRla xoSel

eka baqo, vardu xoSel eka

baqo

dš... doRma nana xoSel me

dšnÁani eka baqo

me naizusta (rus.) camzufe zu,

bezi g™l™ naizustuxne (rus.)

bu camfi.

isev movida gazafxuli Cems

mSobliur mxareSi,

tyis yvavilebi, ezos yvavilebi

gaixara yvelgan,

vardze ukeTesi... gazafxulze

ukeTesi ra SeiZleba iyos?

vardze ukeTesi ra SeiZleba

iyos?

mSobel dedaze ukeTesi amqveynad

ra SeiZleba iyos?

es leqsi davwere me. me dawerili

maqvs bevri leqsi.

kiwke Wkiwke Wkiwke Wkiwke WÊÊÊÊrtani naRrtani naRrtani naRrtani naRÊÊÊÊllll

zu Skola kalkal mamentRo

Áan bez baba kojin baneqe

g™l™ qala. uÃˤna faq-urux,

uÃˤna faqmuRo boS baneqe sa

xibyˤo dŽnŽ xod biÁasunTe

eCeri faÁzaTe uyˤnu

girÁanbesaÁ, Áan girÁanbesaÁ

bšTšm yom-urux beS tatimux,

beS papimux, nanane, babane,

viCine, xunCine, dŽdŽne, xalane

zRapari patara nacarqeqiaszRapari patara nacarqeqiaszRapari patara nacarqeqiaszRapari patara nacarqeqias

SesaxebSesaxebSesaxebSesaxeb

(zRapari)

(me) skolaSi swavlis periodSi

Cven, mamaCemis ojaxi iyo Zalian

didi. [gvqonda] kaklis xe.

kaklianSi (kaklis baRSi) gvqonda

daaxloebiT (erTi) samoci Ziri

(cali) xe. rodesac SemodgomiT

vkrefdiT kakals, Cven

gvexmareboda (gvikrefdnen) yvela

naTesavi (naTesavebi): Cveni

bebiebi, Cveni babuebi, deda, mama,

Zmebi (Zma), debi (da), mamidebi

238

axÊr SuTe buÁan yomurux,

arÁancesaÁ boxo Ri uyˤÁan

WeysaÁ, me uyˤnu Áan

WeÁanyesaÁTe TaSeri bazara

TogdesangTe, manoTe beS

daxode baqe, TogÁandesaÁ beS

kojin baxtink har sa SeÁ

aÁanyesaÁ, qarÁanxesaÁ.

biÁasunTe arÁancesaÁ me uyˤnu

Wakfa... Weyaxun, tayˤfi Weyaxun

iJˤena Sune boxoneda, arci

bšTšmtin hartin sa naRÊle

naRÊl-besaÁ, Te Su Webaqane me

naRÊlRoxo sa so bune kiwke

Wêrtani naRÊl, g™l™ Sel

naRÊle, kiwke aÁlaxone ŽÁT…

ŽÁTexa manoTe aÁel boxo Su

baskesa Tene da, yarole

arcesa, iC ÁoldaSmuRoale

Cxarkestesa oSa iCale

Cxarkesa baneqe, Tene baqe sa

kiwke aÁele baqe sa Žázi. iC wi

baneqe Wêrtan, Wˤirtan bune

kiwqe aÁel, haSor iC wi,

psevdonim ho, da, aÁzeri sa Ri

me aÁluRon maslahatyun be,

aÁzeri Weri Tayunce WžlŽgi.

(mamida), deidebi (deida). mokles

yvela naTesavi (naTesavebi) mTei

dRe da Rame visxediT da

varCevdiT kakals. am kakals Cven

varCevdiT, rom bazarSi

gagveyida, rac (romelic) Cven

gvaZlevda Semosavals; vyididiT

Cven [da] Cveni ojaxebisaTvis

yveafers vyidulobdiT [da egre]

vcxovrobdiT. RamiT vjdebodiT,

am kakals varCevdiT,

vasufTavebdiT da vamtrevdiT.

zamTris Rame grZelia, visxediT

yvelani da zRaprebs vyvebodiT,

rom Rame gasuliyo. am

zRaprebidan erT-erTi (erTi)

aris patara nacarqeqiaze

(zRapari), Zalian kargi zRaparia,

(laparakobs) patara bavSvzea,

romelsac Rame ar sZinavs; ijda

icavda (yaraulobda) da

sakuTari (Tavisi) Tavi da

amxanagebic gadaarCina:

iyo da ara iyo ra, iyo erTi

patara bavSvi erT sofelSi. misi

(Tavisi) saxeli iyo Wirtani

(nacarqeqia). Wirtani iyo patara

bavSvi, es misi saxeli iyo,

fsevdonimi. erT dRes

moiaparakes (maslaaTi gaakeTes)

bavSvebma da (movidnen-gavidnen

239

TaRalyun Samkal girbalyuni,

g™l™yun Tace _ kiwiyun Tace

monor burRol beSˤtan ari

benyˤnebaqe, me aÁlux mayunde

burRol. basyunke vŽdŽne

Webaqe, g™l™ vŽdŽne Webaqe, kiwi

vŽdŽne Webaqe, sal beRˤsayun

sŽsne bu, me sŽsi metRon

moRorbaqi beRˤsayun, iCRoxo

beSˤ sa dŽnŽ Áeqqa qala derviS

Curfineme qala derviS te

vaxTe aÁluRon ayuke, aÁzeri

haro sa qolayoSyun Wiapaqe

Wˤapyun baqe telan beˤyunbesaÁ,

me iSe qe, me derviSun qe

ba†nede Wˤirtan. metin me

aÁlax bineye TaneSere iC kua,

metu beRˤi ÃoStan te

Rarmuxal areyuni, iC

ÁoldaSmux, areyuni Tayunce,

me Su manyunde me kua, biÁasun

sa vŽdinŽ me derviSen butuxsa

me aÁlax uqane Tarafene Te

uqama xabare aysa, gŽrŽ si†tŽ

bespane nepax gala, oSa uqane,

xabare aysa, Sua baski, Su

moRor, e† sŽsi CiCanan. me

da) wavidnen tyeSi. wavidnen

sokos dasakrefad, bevri iares,

cota iares am tyeSi (zedmiw.

mTa), win ukve daRamda, [da] es

bavSvebi darCnen tyeSi (mTaSi).

dawvnen, didi xani gavida Tu

cota xani gavida, esmiT (xedaven)

raRac xma. am xmam isini gaaRviZa

da [bavSvebi] xedaven, rom maT win

dgas erTi (cali) didi, didi

derviSi (kaciWamia). es didi

derviSi bavSvebma rodesac naxes,

yvela daimala buCqebSi. iqidan

icqirebodnen, magram im derviSs

xelSi Cauvarda Wirtani. aman

[derviSma] daiWira es bavSvi da

miiyvana Tavis saxlSi. amas ukan

gayvnen is biWebi, Tavisi

megobrebi. movidnen-wavidnen da

darCnen am saxlSi. SuaRames es

derviSi modis am bavSvebis

SesaWmelad. datrialda (im)

SeWmamde, [da] ekiTxeba, jer

mZinare unda moklas da mere

SeWamos. ekiTxeba: vis sZinavso,

vis RviZavso, (Tqveni) xma

amoiReT. (es) Wirtani eubneba:

yvelas sZinavso, marto me

mRviZavso. eubneba [derviSi]: Sen

ratom ar gZinavso, eubneba.

eubneba (Wirtani): me imitom ar

240

Wˤirtanen exneTe bšTšm

baskeyuni, TŽqsŽ zu moRorzu.

exne un ekalu moRor exne,

exne zu Setenkzu moRor exne,

bez nepax TaRama exne, bez

nanan exne TanesaÁ qala oÃaxo

gulla boS xene eCCaÁ, te

xenax Áax uRˤesnestaÁ, oSa

nepaxzu esaÁ. g™l™ne Áay beRˤe,

kiwine Áay beRˤe me derviSen

isa †iqirebsa, zu gulen

TaRalzu oÃaxo xe heTŽr

eCalzu, qi hŽSi, sal puran

kalkalzu exne, Sua nepax, Su

moRor, e† sŽsi CiCanan, me

Wˤirtanen exne, bšTšm

baskeyuni, zu moRorzu exne.

un ekalnu moRor exne, puran

moRoru _ qi ho. Ta zenkena

bez nanan xe Tene eCCaÁ, zu

Tez nepaxesaÁ. me isa axÊr

xibumji qŽrŽmalTe xabare aye,

me Wˤirtanen Te iC sŽsi

CineCere, me derviS mŽjbšre

baqe, busane ekayanbi, mŽjbšre

baqe, TaRane, gulux ayane,

mZinavso, uebneba, sanam daviZineb

[Cemi Zilis mosvlamde], uebneba,

Cem dedas, uebneba, moaqvs didi

mdinaridan saceriT wyali, am

wyals vsvam, [da] mere viZineb

[Zili modis]. didi dro gavida an

patara dro gavida, es derviSi

[eloda, eloda da] fiqrobs: me

saceriT mdinaridan rogor

movitano wyali. kidev erTxel

ekiTxeba. eubneba [Wirtans]: vis

sZinavs, vis RviZavs, xma

amoiRoso. (es) Wirtani eubneba:

yvelas sZinavs (dawolilia), me

[ki] mRviZavs, eubneba. Sen ratom

gRviZavs, isev gRviZavs? ki, aba!

sanam CemTvis dedaCemi wyals ar

momitans, me ver daviZineb. (ukve)

mesame Rames rom movida da

ikiTxa, (am) Wirtanma amoiRo

(Tavisi) xma. (es) derviSi

iZulebuli gaxda _ mSieri iyo

(mSieri aris) da ra eqna,

iZulebuli gaxda wasuliyo,

saceri aeRo, [da] mdinaridan

wyali moetana. wavida saceriT

wyis mosatanaT, dauSva saceri

qvemoT, aavso mdinaris wyliT,

rogorc sacers awevda, wyali

egreve iRvreboda. kidev aiRebda

(undoda saceri aeRo) sacers,

241

oÃaxo xe eCane. aÁzeri Tanece

oÃal. Tanece gulen xe eCane.

gulux kownebe oya, xenax

ayale oÃe boStan, eTŽr

gulux alanebu, xe hateTŽr

amwine baqe iC boStan barene

puran kownebaqe gulux aneye,

puran xe barene, axÊr hate

jšrŽ derviSen oÃe bel arci,

xaxalun _ gulla boS

Tetubaqe xena buÁ bes, heTŽr

buÁbala Seno bšTšm deSigne,

me mamenta atukeTe mono Weri

Tanece, me Wˤirtanen iC

ÁuldaSmoRo girebesa,

moRorebesa, exne aÁzanan WeRen

TaReni, Áax derviSen uqale,

haqeTŽr me kiwke Wˤirtanen

iCuya iC ÁuldaSmoRo

Cxarkesnede derviSun qexo.

kidev daiceboda. ai ase ijda

derviSi mdinaresTan mTeli Rame.

veranairad ver Seavso wyliT

saceri. rogor Seavsebda?

naxvretiania da wyalic

iRvreboda. Tendeba da xedavs

eseni [bavSvebi] (gavidnen da)

wavidnen. Wirtanma Sekriba Tavisi

megobrebi, gaaRviZa, eubneba:

sofelSi [gadavideT,] wavideT.

Cven derviSi SegvWams. ai, ase

patara Wirtanma gaaTavisufla

Tavisi amxanagebi derviSisgan.

pasWaRpasWaRpasWaRpasWaRluRluRluRluR,,,, maTe Sukal maTe Sukal maTe Sukal maTe Sukal

biesa Tenebiesa Tenebiesa Tenebiesa Tene

baneqe Tene baqe sa dŽnŽ

pasWaRne baqe me pasWaRun paˤ

samefo, sadac aravinsamefo, sadac aravinsamefo, sadac aravinsamefo, sadac aravin

ar kvdebaar kvdebaar kvdebaar kvdeba

(zRapari)

iyo da ara iyo ra, iyo erTi

(cali) mefe. am mefes ori (cali)

vaJi hyavda. dro movida, [da] es

242

dŽnŽ Rare baqe. vaxt-vŽdŽne are,

me Rarmux qalqalayun baqe. me

pasWaRun faqna biRˤil sa dŽnŽ

eSˤna xodde baqe. te eSˤna

xodaxo evaxTe faiz ari

banepesa, eSˤnux ari yuSen ayi

TaneSesa. abaTeyu etina TaSSa

me xodaxo damdam aÁzalyuni

Te ene eSˤ anepe, eSˤ

nuCukalyun, beRˤalyun eSˤ

buTene. eSˤnu SeÁen TaneSere.

axÊr sa Ri, paˤ Ri, sa usen, paˤ

usen, viw usen, me RarmuxTe

qal-qalayun baqe. ari bayunpe,

baban kalefi iC qala Rara

feneTe, aÁ Rar fene, un avake

meTŽr bez faqi mejšrŽ eSˤna

xodTe bune, te eSˤna xodin

eSˤnu Áan Cukes TeÁan baqsan

gŽrŽ TaRan yarol banu, te

eSˤnu etina uqsa Tanece Rar,

arece eSˤna Tume. g™l™ne Áay

beRˤe, kiwine Áay beRˤe, Sune

biRˤ me Rar nepale Tace.

nepalTe Tanece, Savat yuS

†ilin enesa me eSˤnu Cunekesa,

axsane Wesane TaÁsa damdamTe

xaSne biTe, me Rar moRore

vaJebi gaizardnen. (am) mefis

baRis SuaSi idga erTi (cali)

vaSlis xe. rodesac Semodgoma

modioda, am vaSlis xidan

vaSlebi ikargeboda. mofrinavda

(modioda) Citi, [da] mihqonda

vaSlebi, ar icodnen [samefoSi]

vis mihqonda [es vaSlebi] im (am)

xidan. diliT adgebodnen vaSlis

mosawyvetad, magram xedavdnen,

rom vaSli ukve aRar iyo (aris).

vaSlebi viRacam waiRo. bolos

erTi dRe, ori dRe, erTi weli,

ori weli, aTi weli, es biWebic

gaizardnen. movidnen, daeswrnen

(daewivnen). mamam dauZaxa Tavis

ufross vaJs da uTxra: ai,

Svilo! Sen xedav, rom Cem baRSi

amisTana vaSlis xe dgas (aris),

[magram] im vaSlis xis nayofs

[vaSls] ver vwvetT, unda waxvide

udarajo, [da gaarkvio] im vaSls

ra Wams. wavida vaJi, dajda

vaSlis [xis] Ziras. didi xani

eloda Tu cota xani eloda, Sua

Rames am biWs CaeZina (Zili

mouvida). ZilSi rom iyo, lamazi

Citi, filini, movida, vaSli

mowyvita da wavida (modis, vaSls

wyvets da midis). diliT rom

gaTenda, am vaJma gamoiRviZa,

243

baqe, beRˤsaneTe eSˤna xoda eSˤ

buTene. aÁzeri Tanece kua,

Tanece kua, iC babax exneTe zu

exne, aÁ baba exne, boxo Su

exne arzuce exne, ama exne

ekal Teza ake exne etina ari

te eSˤnu Cuqi TaSere. enesa me

sa usenal Wenebaqsa, paˤmji

usen kiwke Raraxne kalexa.

kalexa, exneTe eqe exne, me

viCen exne, qala viCen exne te

eSˤnu yarol bes Tetu baqe.

efsen un exne Taqe, yarol ba.

eSˤTe anepe ari iC mŽnzila

banepe ene eSˤ Cuqal vŽdŽne,

kiwke Rarax Áayanebsa, eSˤna

Tume yarol besuna. me Raren

ekayan bi, eTŽryanbi, biyes Teyu

baqsa etina eSˤnu TaSSa. iCxo

sa dŽnŽ me sal el aysane TaÁsa

Tanesa xodin Tume, g™l™ne Áay

beRˤsa, kiwine Áay beRˤsa, ari

Sune biRˤ banepesa. Sune biRˤ

banepesa, me Rarax nepen

TaneSSa. ekayanbi exne

ekabalzuda eCeri iC kaSina

bonesta, eluxal banexa iC

laxo eluxTe banexa, me Rari

qexo pi Tanesa, da, ama iC

xedavs vaSlis xeze vaSli ar

aris. adga da wavida saxlSi,

wavida saxlSi da Tavis mamas

eubneba: me, eubneba, ai, mama!

eubneba, mTeli Rame, eubneba,

vijeqi, eubneba, magram, eubneba,

araferi ar daminaxavs, eubneba,

ram [movida da] waiRo es

vaSlebi. (movida es) erTi welic

gavida. meore wels eZaxis [mefe]

patara vaJs. dauZaxa da eubneba:

xedav, eubneba, am Zmam, eubneba,

didma Zmam, eubneba, ver udaraja

am vaSls. wels Sen, eubneba, wadi

udaraje. vaSli rom damwifda

(movida simwife) da movida dro

mowyvetis, gzavnis patara vaJs

(mefe) vaSlis [xis] Ziras

sadarajod. am biWma ra hqnas

(gaakeTos)? rogor moiqces

(gaakeTos)? veRar iWeren vaSls

ra hparavs (miaqvs). erTi dana da

cota marili aiRo da wavida

(iRebs da midis). midis vaSlis

Ziras, didi xani gavida, [Tu]

cota xani gavida, movida Sua

Rame. modis Sua Rame, am biWs

eZineba (Zili miaqvs). fiqrobs, ra

gavakeTo? Tavis TiTs Wris da

zed ayris marils. marils rom

ayris, am biWis xelidan sisxli

244

qulal WiWinexa, me qin

WiWifsune me Rara baskesan

Tene barexa, boxo Su arci

yarole besa, Sune biRˤ ari

eRaxun sa vŽdinŽ xaS biTal

mamenta ari sa Áeqqa qŽgne

galexa vurRunne galexa, exne

mono eka fesuna baqo, saÁ

Wenebaqsa me qšlŽgun, me

vurRunun boS sal beRˤsane sa

Áeqa qala yuS †ilin enesa me

eSˤna laxo. arci butuxsaTe

Cuqale me yuSnu biniyesa, me

yuSnu bineysa, me yuSen exneTe,

ene zax mabespa exne, mabiya

exne, un exne zax eka ukaÁnu

exne zu vax haSotu balzu,

exne, un eka besva baqo, zu exne

venkena exne bez pasWaRluRun

exne, pasWaRun xinŽre bu exne,

te xinŽrŽ venkena dšzbesa baqo,

Te Cubux besanu qi un e

padWaluRun yuSnu, zu exne,

pasWaRluR maTe Sukal biesa

Tene te vŽdinŽ exne Sel, ho,

eCeri braxnesta me yuSnu, ÃoS

Weri Tanesa Tanesa, Taci metin

iC babax exneTe hameTŽr, poÁ

sdis (midis), da (magram) Tavisi

xeli ewveba, xeli ewveba am biWs,

ar aZlevs daZinebis (dawolis)

saSualebas. mTeli Rame zis da

udarajebs. Sua Ramis Semdeg

(mosvlidan) gaTenebamde

(gaTenebis mosvlamde) erTma

didma qarma daubera, didi

qarborbala triaebs. qarborbala

trialebs. fiqrobs [vaJi]: es ra

SeiZleba iyos. qaric cota Cadga.

gaiara qarborbalam, xedavs

(vaJi), rom erTi did-did Cits,

filini, mofrinavs (modis)

vaSlTan [vaSlis xesTan], jdeba

totze, unda mowyvitos [vaSli

da], am Cits iWers [vaJi]. iWers am

Cits da es Citi eubneba: nu

momklav, eubneba, nu damiWer,

eubneba, rasac Sen me metyvi,

eubneba, me Sen yvelafers

Segisruleb (gagikeTeb). ekiTxeba

(eubneba) [vaJi]: Sen ra SegiZlia

gamikeTo? me, eubneba (Citi),

SenTvis, eubneba, Cems samefoSi,

eubneba, aris mefis qaliSvili,

eubneba, am qaliSvils Sen

(SenTvis) gagirigeb, is [Seni]

coli gaxdeba (gakeTdeba). Sen,

romeli samefos Citi xar? me,

eubneba (Citi), im samefodan (var),

245

exne, hezbe melin nŽisŽ me

yuSnuxo lamanesta me Rar, me

Rarax me yuSen ayi Tanesa iC

pasWaRluRa g™l™yun TaÁsa,

kiwiyun TaÁsa, Tayunsa sa dŽnŽ

pasWaRluRa, maTe dšršs

varduruxne cicikuxne, bšTšm

har xodaxo varduxo vardu

yuSen exne purexa Savat.

beRˤsane me Raren, me pasWaRun

Sel xinŽrta bu, mauqa, mauRˤa,

TŽqsŽ iC laxo beRˤa isŽ

eTŽryan TaSeri, me xinŽrŽ

eTŽryan baSyi me

pasWaRluRaxo, me yuSen exneTe

zu vax exne q™mŽqbalzu. da,

Wenebaqsa saÁ mal vŽdŽ, me

yuSen me Rarax iC aˤmel

arcesnessTa me xinŽrŽ sagala

baSneyesa, aysane TaÁsa.

haqajšrŽ me pasWaRun Raren iC

faqna xodin eSˤnuxale

Cxarkestesa, da, xinŽrŽxal

iCenk Cubuxne eCCa. me eSˤnuxal,

znaCit (rus.), baneqe me eSˤ

sadac aravin ar kvdeba. am dros

[vaJi] eubneba: kargi. am Cits

uSvebs da ukan brundeba (gadis

da midis). midis, mivida da Tavis

mamas uyveba (eubneba). es vaJi am

Cits xvdeba da Citma waiyvana (es)

vaJi Tavis samefoSi. bevri iares

Tu cota iares, mividnen erT

(cal) samefoSi, sadac sul

vardebia da yvavilebia, yvela

xidan xeze, vardidan vardze

lamazi Citebi dafrinaven. xedavs

es biWi, am mefes kargi

qaliSvili hyavs, [iseTi, rom] ar

Wamo, ar sva, marto imas uyuro.

daiwyo fiqri (axla fiqrobs), tu

rogor moetaca (waeyvana) es

qaliSvili am mefisagan. es Citi

eubneba: me Sen, eubneba,

dagexmarebi. gavida (gadis) cota

xani, am Citma dasva (svams)

zurgze es biWi, im qaliSvilTan

erTad, moipara da waiyvana

(paravs da mihyavs). ai, ese am

mefis Svilma baRSi vaSlis xe

gadaarCina da qaliSvilic

TavisTvis colad moiyvana. am

vaSls, ese igi, rom hparavda

ukvdavebis samefos mefe Wamda.

adamiani, romelic SeWams im

vaSls _ ar mokvdeba.

246

tejšrŽTe te pasWaRenTe

uneqesaÁ mano pasWaRluRa te

yuSen TaneSSaÁ. qano baneqsa

uqalu te eSˤnuda adamar biesa

TeneÁ

247

nijuri dialeqtinijuri dialeqtinijuri dialeqtinijuri dialeqti 1111

sof. nijisof. nijisof. nijisof. niji

niJniJniJniJˤ

niJˤ azerbajani Ã„b„l„ raioni

qala aÁizmoRoxun soRone.

aÁizin boxoÁluR vic

qilomeTir, gengluR vuRˤ

qilomeTiraxun gelene. aÁize

bifecce m„h„l”no, SoToRoÁ

furannasTa azerbajanluÁox,

l„zgiÁox, facce m„h„lina

udiÁoxe qarxsa. udiÁox

qarxala m„h„l”RoÁ ciur

meT„re: malbel, †„rimli,

aRd„l„qli, m„liqli,

†alCšlš, d„l„qli, jirm„h„l„,

d„r„m„h„l„, v„zirli, d„r„baR,

ÃoJab„Áli, fšcšlš, facce

m„h„l„ne. niJˤ hamal gele bisi

aÁizmoRoxun soRone, niJˤe

aˤmxun faˤ hazar usen

moToxun beSˤ, camure mandiÁo.

nijinijinijiniji

niji _ azerbaijanis gabalis

raionis erT-erTi didi

sofelia. soflis sigrZea aTi

kilometri, xolo sigane _ Svid

kilometrs aRemateba. sofelSi

aris ToTxmeti ubani, maTgan

orSi azerbaijanelebi da

lezgebi saxloben, xolo

TormetSi udiebi cxovroben.

ubnebis saxelebi, romlebSic

udiebi: malbeli cxovroben,

aris: ferimli, aRdeleqli,

meliqli, falCili, deleqli,

jirmahala, deremahala, vezirli,

derebaRi, yoJabeili, fiwili _

Tormeti ubania. niji, amasTan

erTad, erT-erTi uZvelesi

sofelia, nijis Sesaxeb

Semonaxulia ori aRasi wlis

winandeli cnobebi (Canawerebi).

saxelwodeba niji

warmodgenilia 29 qalaqisa da

1 nijuri kilos masalis mopovebas adgilze aRniSnuli proeqti ar iTvaliswinebda.

nijuri dialeqtis teqstebi gamoqveynebis uflebiT mogvawoda ruseTis federaciis

mecnierebaTa akademiis aRmosavleTmcodneobis institutis mecnier TanamSromelma i.

landerma, risTvisac mas did madlobas vuxdiT.

248

fÊTalameÁ cila qala sa

alimun zafi qarTinasTa

saÃovuÁ S„h„rin, aÁizin ciÁe

boS niJˤe ciÁal bune. qe

hesabenal fes baneqo faˤ

hazar usenaxun geleneqi niJˤ

sa aÁiz qin„ baqene, bune. niJˤe

baqala oCˤala faˤ hazar bif

baCˤ _ faˤ hazar go baCˤ usen

moToxun beSˤ baqi ÁaloÁlu-

T„f„ cila gano. SoTinal

aqesesTaqi niJˤ bisi

aÁizmoRoxun soRone. niJˤ

hamal xib xalge Á„S„ÁnSala

aÁizmoRoxun soRone. qe

T„r„†exunal niJˤe baxTen

eCerene, miÁa udiRoxun sagala

hamal azerbaÁjanluÁox,

l„zgiÁox qarxsa. faˤ m„h„lna

SoToRTun qarxsa, gele

xalgurxoÁ Á„S„ÁinSala sa

d„n„ aÁize. udiÁox samal...

†aiz exˤTaÁiÁan gelene, bif

hazar Tanaxun gelene,

mandiÁoroxal azerbaÁjanlu-

ÁoxÃa l„zgiÁoxTun. udiRoÁ

aˤmxun xib hazar usen

moToxun beSˤ Tarixa

soflis saxelwodebaTa Soris,

romelic warmodgenilia didi

mecnieris mier, saxelad

ptolemeusi, Sedgenil ruqaze.

ase rom, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom

ori aTasi welze meti xnis

winad niji ukve arsebobda

rogorc sofeli, iyo. aris

adgili saxelwodebiT ialoilu-

Tafa, romelic 2400-2500 wlis

winad arsebobda nijis miwaze.

es gviCvenebs, rom niji erT-erTi

uZvelesi safelia. niji, amasTan

erTad, erT-erTi sofelia, sadac

sami eris warmomadgenlebi

cxovroben. am kuTxiTac

bedniereba movida nijSi (?), aq

udiebTan erTad, cxovrobs

azerbaijanelebisa da lezgebis

garkveuli raodenoba. isini or

ubanSi cxovroben, erT sofelSi,

soadac mravali eri saxlobs (?).

udiebi, procentulad [zedmiw.

procentebs Tu aviRebT], cota

metni arian, xolo danarCenebi _

azerbaijanelebia da lezgebi.

istoriaSi udiebis Sesaxeb sami

aTaswlovani cnobebi moipoveba.

Semdeg arsebobs mravali

Canaweri udiebis Sesaxeb. exlac

udiebis Sesaxeb bevr weren,

249

m„lšm„Txo bune. oSa udiRoÁ

barada geke camuro. h„Ás„l

udiRoxun gele camTunne,

gele xavarTun haÃsa,

zomTunbaqsa. udiRoÁ

boÃˤalasTa hesabbaÁiÁan,

biTšn boÃˤal vuÁ hazaraxun

gelene, vuÁunÃˤi hazaral

ciriqe udi. s„qs„n vuÁumji

usenin boÃˤalpsunasTa muR

hazar uÃˤ baCˤ Tane bee, me

Covaqi usenxosTal xeÁl„q

aRuzbeene. aÁizin boS bif

hazar sa baCˤ, bif hazar faˤ

baCˤ Tan meT„r bune,

mandiÁoroxal aÁizexun

axˤilTun qarxsa.

gvkiTxuloben da ikvleven. Tu

davTvliT udiebi ricxvs, sul

[maTi raodenoba] cxra aTass

aRemateba da udebi cxra naxevr

aTass aRweven. oTxmocdacxra

(1989) wlis daTvlis (aRweris)

mixedviT iyo 8600 kaci, gasuli

wlebis Semdeg raodenoba Zalian

(?) gaizarda. sofelSi aris 4100-

4200 kaci, xolo danarCenebi

soflisagan (nijisagan) Sors

cxovroben.

.

ÃÃÃÃoldioldioldioldi

zu gele legendoRoz Curesa

udin muzin. bez qalna Te

vaxT Áava qeT„r SeÁmoRo

h„v„sq„reÁ. aresTaÁ Áaxal

raskazbesaÁ ÁaÁnaqal, qi

heT„r„ Ãoldi „m„l„ hare.

Ãoldi s„ d„n„ T„z„ bine beÁ.

kukukuku

me miyvars bevri legenda udiur

enaze. Cven bebias adre Zalian

uyvarda maTi moyola. ijda,

gviyveboda, Tu rogor gaCnda ku.

ku iyo erTi axalmoyvanili

rZali. [erTxel] am rZalma

dainaxa, rom saxlSi aravin ar

iyo da moindoma banaoba. moitana

250

Te binen beRˤene qoÁa

Suqqal Teno, Curecene

ocqalqane. eCerene vanna.

vanna laxi h„zirbaTan, Te

ÃaTe beRˤene, iz lox m„s„l

ocqalqaTan, beRˤeneqi

ÃaÁimbane eÁsa. fene aÁaman, aÁ

buxajux, vi beSˤ biÁaz! za

T„rbaqi, zu Ãoldi baqaz,

CeRaz TaRaz. ÃaÁimbaÁ CˤoÁe

heT„r CeRoz. haTTe

Rinaxunal kak budto1 Te

legenda dšze, Te ene Te bin

baneqsa Ãoldi.

abazana. Cawva abazanaSi,

yvelaferi moamzada [sabanaod],

xedavs im wuTas, rom masTan...

magaliTad, rodesac banaobda,

xedavs _ modis mamamTili.

[rZalma] Tqva: “o RmerTo, netavi

movkvde Sens winaSe! gamikeTe ise,

rom gavxvde ku da [SeumCnevlad]

gavide. [sxvanaerad] rogor

gamovCnde mamamTilis winaSe?

[zedmiw. mamamTilis saxeze

gamovide?]” im dRidan

moyolebuli, TiTqosda es

legenda gamarTlda da rZali

xdeba ku.

laSqlaSqlaSqlaSqoooo

Covaqi SamaT beS aÁize

laSqoÁe beÁ. Áanal gireci

TaÁanci. biÁ„sin xšÁ„rmux,

Rarmux gelene hareÁ. sunaÁ

baCˤanexun „CiTunneÁ. zaxun

Taci xšÁ„rmoRonal zual faˤ

q„r„n „CiÁanfi. laSqoÁ SahaT,

furanal ciri Tene careci.

korwilikorwilikorwilikorwili

wina kviras Cven sofelSi

gaimarTa qorwili. Cven, suyvela

erTad, wavediT [qorwilSi].

saRamos movida bevri gogona da

vaJi. erTmaneTs ecekvebodnen.

gogoebi, romelic gamomyvnen da

me, orjer vicekveT [biWebTan].

qarwili kargi [iyo], Ramis or

saaTamde ar daviSaleT.

1 barbarizmi.

251

RarmoRoÁ, xšÁ„rmoRoÁ sa faÁ

TaTunci bin „CisTa, zual

SoToRoxun Tazci. bin„

„CidiTuxun oSa laSqoÁ

careci. h„r soRo TaÁanci beSi

qoÁa.

zogierTi vaJi da gogona wavia

patarZalTan sacekvaod [zedmiw.

patarZlis cekvis dasaZaleblad],

da mec gavyevi maT. rodesac

patarZals ecekvnen, qorwilic

damTavrda. Cven wavediT

TiToeulma sakuTar saxlSi.

252

udiur_qarTuli leqsikoniudiur_qarTuli leqsikoniudiur_qarTuli leqsikoniudiur_qarTuli leqsikoni

winamdebare leqsikonSi masala warmodgenilia Semdegi wesiT:

saxeli mocemulia nominativis formiT (gauformebeli fuZe), xolo

zmna martiv-mawarmoebliani masdaris (masdari I) formiT (awarmoebs -eseseses

sufiqsi). saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi mocemulia sityvis esa Tu is

gramatikuli kvalifikacia.

faringalizacia Cven mier ganixileba rogorc prosodiis Tviseba

da, aqedan gamomdinare, ar gamovyofT faringalizebul bgerebs.

Sesabamisad, TviT faringalizacia ar moqmedebs anbanTrigis mixedviT

sityvebis ganlagebaze leqsikonSi.

imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom palatalizebuli (umlautiani) da

martivi xmovnebi udiurSi xSirad enacvleba erTmaneTs,

palatalizebul xmovnebs ar viRebT mxedvelobaSi leqsikonSi

sityvebis anbanTrigze ganlagebisas.

Semoklebani:Semoklebani:Semoklebani:Semoklebani:

(adv.) _ zmnisarTi.

(anat.) _ anatomiuri.

(atr.) _ atributuli sityva.

(geogr.) _ geografiuli.

(daav.) _ daavadeba.

(dr. erT.) _ drois erTeuli.

(v.) _ varTaSnuli kilo.

(zog.) _ zogadi.

(kavS.) _ kavSiri.

(kiTxv. nacval.) _ kiTxviTi

nacvalsaxeli.

(kuTvn. nacval.) _ kuTvnilebiTi

nacvalsaxeli.

(maT.) _ maTematikuri.

(maqv. kavS.) _ maqvemdebarebeli

kavSiri.

(mamr.) _ mamrobiTi [sqesi].

(masd.) _ masdari (I).

253

(masd. II) _ II masdari

(rTulmawarmoebliani).

(mdedr.) _ mdedrobiTi [sqesi].

(meq.) _ meqanizmi.

(mimR.) _ mimReoba.

(mr.) _ mravlobiTi ricxvi.

(mus.) _ musikaluri.

(n.) _ nijuri kilo.

(Pl. Tant.) _ “Pluralia Tantum”

saxelebi.

(relig.) _ religiuri.

(sin.) _ sinonimi.

(subst.) _ gasubstantivebuli

atributuli sityva.

(Tand.) _ Tandebuli.

(uary. kl.) _ uaryofis

aRmniSvneli klitika.

(ud.) _ udiuri.

(Sor.) _ Sorisdebuli.

(Cv. nacval.) _ CvenebiTi

nacvalsaxeli.

254

udiuri enis bgeraTa transkrifciaudiuri enis bgeraTa transkrifciaudiuri enis bgeraTa transkrifciaudiuri enis bgeraTa transkrifcia

a [aa [aa [aa [aˤ]]]]

„

bbbb

gggg

dddd

e [ee [ee [ee [eˤ]]]]

vvvv

zzzz

TTTT

i [ii [ii [ii [iˤ]]]]

kkkk

llll

mmmm

nnnn

ÁÁÁÁ

o [oo [oo [oo [oˤ]]]]

”

pppp

JJJJ [J[J[J[Jˤ]]]]

rrrr

ssss

t t t t

u [uu [uu [uu [uˤ]]]]

š

ffff

††††

qqqq

RRRR [R[R[R[Rˤ]]]]

yyyy [y[y[y[yˤ]]]]

SSSS [S[S[S[Sˤ]]]]

CCCC [C[C[C[Cˤ]]]]

cccc

[Z][Z][Z][Z]

wwww

WWWW [W[W[W[Wˤ]]]]

xxxx [x[x[x[xˤ]]]]

ÃÃÃÃ [Ã[Ã[Ã[Ãˤ]]]]

jjjj [j[j[j[jˤ]]]]

hhhh

[[[[Ê]]]] [[[[Êˤ]]]]

SeniSvna: kvadratul frCxilebSi is bgerebia Casmuli, romelTac

fonemuri Rirebuleba ar moepovebaT;

faringalizebuli bgerebi (aRniSnulia ˤ diakritikiT) cxrilSi

moyvanilia pirobiTad (udiurSi warmodgenil bgerebs faringalizaciis

piki moudis).

e.w. iracionalurs (Ê bgeras) nijur kiloSi moepoveba distinqciuri

funqcia.

abruptivebi (pppp, tttt, kkkk; wwww, WWWW; yyyy) Semonaxulia mxolod sof. oqtomberis

(zinobiani) metyvelebaSi. nijur kilosa da q. oRuzis (varTaSeni)

metyvelebaSi maT preruptivebi Seesatyviseba (ffff, TTTT, qqqq; cccc, CCCC; ÃÃÃÃ)

255

aaaa

aaaaaaaa! aahaahaahaah! ahahahah! _ ah! netav! (Sor.).

abaabaabaaba, aboaboaboabo, avaavaavaava (n.); abaluabaluabaluabalu _ mcodne.

ababaqesababaqesababaqesababaqes _ codna, gageba.

abaluRabaluRabaluRabaluR _ codna.

abuzabuzabuzabuz, avuzavuzavuzavuz (n.), aRuzaRuzaRuzaRuz (n.) _ meti,

Warbi, ukeTesi.

abuzbesabuzbesabuzbesabuzbes, avuzbesavuzbesavuzbesavuzbes (n.) _ momateba,

mimateba, gadameteba.

adadadad _ suni.

adamaradamaradamaradamar, amdar amdar amdar amdar (n.) _ adamiani.

azarazarazarazar _ avadmyofoba, daavadeba.

azarubaqesazarubaqesazarubaqesazarubaqes _ avad gaxdoma.

akaminakaminakaminakamin _ naxvamdis.

akesakesakesakes _ naxva, xedva, gamoCena,

aRqma.

aaaaˤllll _ dawnuli, daxlarTuli,

mixveul-moxveuli.

alaalaalaala _ maRla, zemoT.

alalualalualalualalu _ maRali.

aaaaˤlamlamlamlam _ broweuli.

alaalaalaala†††† _ Tiva.

alayalayalayalayˤoooo _ mouqneli, dabneuli.

aaaaˤlesunlesunlesunlesun _ axveva, gadaxlarTva.

alveralveralveralver _ vaWroba.

aaaaˤldesldesldesldes _ qsova, dawvna.

aaaaˤmmmm _ mxari (adamianis, cxovelis);

qedi; mimarTuleba; kavebis

samagri koWi.

amaamaamaama (ammaammaammaamma) _ Tumca, magram, arada

(maqv. kavS.).

amaamaamaama _ mamida, amaRaramaRaramaRaramaRar _

mamidaSvili (kaci); amahinamahinamahinamahin„rrrr _

mamidaSvili (qali).

amaRamaRamaRamaRˤaaaa _ usaqmuri.

ambar ambar ambar ambar _ borcvi, grova.

aaaaˤmkurimkurimkurimkuri _ mTqnareba.

amciamciamciamci _ carieli.

andaxbesandaxbesandaxbesandaxbes _ grZnoba, mixvedra.

aÁzesaÁzesaÁzesaÁzes _ adgoma, aRdgoma

(xristos aÁzerexristos aÁzerexristos aÁzerexristos aÁzere “qriste

aRsdga”).

aaaaˤÁnÁnÁnÁn _ safuari.

aÁnaaÁnaaÁnaaÁna _ mina, SuSa.

apapapap _ ofli.

aperaperaperaper _ ojaxis ufrosi, uxucesi.

arararar _ msxali.

arabaarabaarabaaraba _ uremi.

arazarazarazaraz _ SiSis zari, gangaSi.

arakarakarakarak _ zvaraki, kuro.

aramtolaramtolaramtolaramtol _ tura.

arumarumarumarum _ xorbali.

aruxaruxaruxarux (Pl. Tant.) _ cecxli, ali.

arcesarcesarcesarces _ dajdoma.

256

aslanaslanaslanaslan _ lomi.

astarastarastarastar _ sarCuli.

afCiafCiafCiafCi _ tyuili.

aaaa††††arararar _ Rvezeli.

aaaa††††uuuurererere _ locva, kurTxeva.

aaaaˤqtesqtesqtesqtes _ aCqareba.

aRalaaRalaaRalaaRala _ wvima.

aRuaRuaRuaRu _ Sxami, simware.

ayesayesayesayes _ aReba, Sesyidva.

aSaSaSaS _ saqme.

aSbesaSbesaSbesaSbes _ muSaoba.

aSiRaSiRaSiRaSiR _ saxsari.

aCiaCiaCiaCi _ TamaSi.

aCaCaCaCˤiiii _ dakarguli.

awarawarawarawar _ wminda, sufTa, ankara.

axaraxaraxaraxar _ saaRdgomo saklavi.

axafesaxafesaxafesaxafes _ akideba, wamokideba.

aWaWaWaWˤaaaa _ marjvena.

axaxaxaxˤesunesunesunesun _ dajaxeba.

axaxaxaxˤilililil _ Sors.

axmaRaxmaRaxmaRaxmaR _ suleli.

axaxaxaxˤtestestestes _ mijaxeba, mirtyma,

dakvra.

axwaxwaxwaxwimaimaimaima, aRsibaÁaRsibaÁaRsibaÁaRsibaÁ (n.) _ aRdgoma.

axWumaxWumaxWumaxWum _ sicili, Rimili.

aÃaÃaÃaÃˤelelelel (n.) _ kalTa (ix. eÃeÃeÃeÃˤelelelel).

aÃaÃaÃaÃˤun un un un _ axo, yamiri.

ajalajalajalajal _ bediswera, sasjeli.

ajiRajiRajiRajiR _ risxva, javri, brazi.

ahaahaahaaha! _ aha! ager! (Sor.).

„

„gggg„rrrr„mmmm _ Tu, Tuki.

„zbzbzbzb„rrrr _ leqsi.

„TtTtTtTtšgggg _ saklavi.

„mmmm„rikrikrikrik _ berwi.

„mikmikmikmik, „mimimimi _ biZa mamis mxridan

„mikun Rarmikun Rarmikun Rarmikun Rar _ biZaSvili vaJi

(mamis mxridan).

„mikun xinmikun xinmikun xinmikun xin„rrrr _ biZaSvili vaJi

r(mamis mxridan).

„nnnn„rrrr! _ (mimarTva qalTa mimarT).

„nnnngiStgiStgiStgiSt„ _ saTiTuri.

„ÁbÁbÁbÁb _ sircxvili.

„ÁelÁelÁelÁel (aaaaˤÁelÁelÁelÁel, aÁelaÁelaÁelaÁel) _ bavSvi.

„Áz Áz Áz Áz _ sofeli.

„ÁTÁTÁTÁT _ sityva, saTqmeli.

„rqrqrqrq„dddd _ xvadi.

„rmeÁnrmeÁnrmeÁnrmeÁn _ somexi.

„rrrršgggg _ Werami.

257

bbbb

babababababababa (v.), bavabavabavabava (n.) _ mama.

babaybabaybabaybabayˤ _ uunaro, mouxerxebeli.

bbbb„gggg _ Tavadi, batoni, didebuli;

nefe, sasiZo.

babababaˤgggg„rrrrRiRiRiRi _ guSinwin.

badalaybadalaybadalaybadalayˤ _ bayayi.

bbbb„zozozozo _ zogierTi.

bazukbazukbazukbazuk _ mklavi.

babababa[ÁÁÁÁ]eseseses _ Sesavla.

balbalbalbal _ mkeTebeli.

balabalabalabala _ Svili, bokveri, bartyi.

bbbb„llll„ _ Tavsatexi, problema.

balanyobalanyobalanyobalanyo _ mayvali.

balajabalajabalajabalaja _ pawawina, pawia.

balRonabalRonabalRonabalRona _ sesxi.

bbbb„ndndndnd _ foni, wyalgamyofi,

wyalsatevi, auzi.

baÁbaÁbaÁbaÁ _ bali.

barbarbarbar _ nayofi; sakvebi ulufa;

nawili, wiladi, kuTvnili wili.

barbesbarbesbarbesbarbes _ Camorigeba, darigeba.

barubarubarubaru _ kedeli.

baruTbaruTbaruTbaruT _ Tofis wamali, denTi.

baskesbaskesbaskesbaskes _ dawola.

basmabasmabasmabasma _ grova.

bbbb„stststst _ Widili.

bbbb„stestesteste! _ kmara!

bafbafbafbafeeeessss _ Cayra, Casxma.

babababaˤfesfesfesfes _ yefa.

babababa††††testestestes _ Cavardna.

baqesbaqesbaqesbaqes _ yofa, arseboba, gaxdoma;

SeZleba.

baRbaRbaRbaR _ bawari, Zafi.

baRbaRbaRbaRˤenaenaenaena _ guSinwin.

bayesbayesbayesbayes _ teva, ganTavseba

(iZulebiT).

baSbaSbaSbaSˤaaaa _ dampali, mompali.

baSyesbaSyesbaSyesbaSyes _ moparva, qurdoba.

baCbaCbaCbaCˤ _ asi; qvevrze dasafarebeli

qva.

baWbaWbaWbaWˤanananan _ zurgi, beWi.

baWbaWbaWbaWˤanaanaanaana _ mercxali.

baxtbaxtbaxtbaxt _ bedi.

begbegbegbeg„mmmm? _ nuTu? viTom?

bedulbedulbedulbedul _ bari.

bezibezibezibezi _ Cemi (kuTvn. nacval.).

beTbeTbeTbeT„rrrr _ uaresi.

belebelebelebele _ pirutyvi.

benRbenRbenRbenRˤ _ kvira dRe.

benybenybenybenyˤ _ sibnele.

258

benSbenSbenSbenSˤ _ moZRvari, sasuliero

piri.

berberberber _ baliSi.

berxesberxesberxesberxes _ dafqva.

besbesbesbes _ keTeba.

bbbbeeeesalisalisalisali _ maTxovari.

besalobesalobesalobesalo _ mTxovneli.

besbalobesbalobesbalobesbalo _ mkvleli.

besbesbesbesbesbesbesbes _ mkvleloba.

bebebebeˤqqqq _ nemsi.

bebebebeˤqtesqtesqtesqtes _ slokini.

beRbeRbeRbeRˤ _ mze.

beRbeRbeRbeRˤabesabesabesabes _ aRmoCena, povna.

beRbeRbeRbeRˤalualualualu (biRbiRbiRbiRˤalualualualu, buRbuRbuRbuRˤalualualualu) _

Rrma.

beRbeRbeRbeRˤbilbilbilbil„zzzz„rrrr _ SuadRe, Takara.

beSbeSbeSbeSˤ _ winaT, uwin.

beSibeSibeSibeSi _ Cveni.

bebebebejanjanjanjan (v.), bajanaRbajanaRbajanaRbajanaR (n.) _ colis

da.

biabiabiabia-biabiabiabia _ kuneli.

bibibibiÁÁÁÁasunasunasunasun _ RamiT, saRamos.

bibibibiˤ _ mZime.

bibibibiˤbibibibiˤ _ xidi.

bibikbibikbibikbibik _ bibilo (frinvelis).

bibibibi[ÁÁÁÁ]eseseses _ mokvdoma, sikvdili,

daRupva.

bizbizbizbiz _ wveTiani, sadgisi, isari,

sarWi.

binbinbinbin _ rZali, patarZali.

binbinbinbin”r„ _ saZirkveli.

bibibibipppp _ oTxi.

bipSamaTbipSamaTbipSamaTbipSamaT _ oTxSabaTi.

birinwbirinwbirinwbirinw _ brinji.

bisibisibisibisi _ Zveli, meoradi, ZonZi,

Cvari.

bitesbitesbitesbites _ Tesva.

bitunbitunbitunbitun _ yana, naTesi.

biRbiRbiRbiR _ ulvaSi.

biRbiRbiRbiRˤ _ Suaguli, centri.

biyesbiyesbiyesbiyes _ daWera, patimroba;

aSeneba, ageba.

biSibiSibiSibiSi _ qada.

biWibiWibiWibiWi _ mkvaxe, moumwifebeli; umi.

bixaRbixaRbixaRbixaRuxuxuxux _ RmerTi, ufali.

bixesbixesbixesbixes _ Soba, gaCena.

boboCboboCboboCboboCˤalalalal _ beWedi.

bokesbokesbokesbokes _ wva, xrukva.

bolbolbolbol _ uxvi, bevri, uamravi,

ulevi.

boÁboÁboÁboÁ _ simaRle.

boÁluboÁluboÁluboÁlu _ Tanadi.

borzunborzunborzunborzun _ marcvleuli.

borjborjborjborj _ vali.

259

botibotibotiboti _ moWrili, gadaWrili.

boRboRboRboRˤofesofesofesofes _ yvirili, bRavili.

boyboyboyboyˤ _ Rori

boyoboyoboyoboyo _ comi.

boSboSboSboS _ SigniT (Tand.).

boSiboSiboSiboSi _ maZRari.

boStesboStesboStesboStes _ damarxva (adamianis),

Caflva (nergis).

boCboCboCboCˤuuuu _ sqeli; xSiri.

boxesboxesboxesboxes _ xarSva, moxarSva.

boxboxboxboxˤmoRmoRmoRmoR _ cxviri (Pl. Tant.).

boxoboxoboxoboxo _ grZeli.

boxobaqesboxobaqesboxobaqesboxobaqes _ wamowola.

boxobesboxobesboxobesboxobes _ dagrZeleba, gaWimva,

gawelva.

bubububu _ yofna, qona, yola.

budbudbudbud _ barkali.

bulbulbulbul _ Tavi, mwvervali.

buJbuJbuJbuJˤ _ Tavmomwone.

buJbuJbuJbuJˤefesefesefesefes _ Sexorceba.

buÁbuÁbuÁbuÁ _ savse

buÁbesbuÁbesbuÁbesbuÁbes _ avseba, Sevseba.

buruxburuxburuxburux _ mTa, mTebi (Pl. Tant.).

burÃiburÃiburÃiburÃi _ dawyebuli.

busabusabusabusa _ mSieri.

butbutbutbut _ daxuruli, dafaruli.

butkesbutkesbutkesbutkes _ daxurva.

buqunbuqunbuqunbuqun _ muceli.

buRbuRbuRbuR _ orTqli.

buRbuRbuRbuRˤaaaa _ napovni.

buRbuRbuRbuRˤbesbesbesbes _ povna.

buyesbuyesbuyesbuyes (v.) _ siyvaruli, Seyvareba.

ndoma, survili, mosurveba.

bubububuSSSS _ aqlemi.

gggg

gagagaga _ adgili, sivrce, teritoria,

miwa; saTavso, Sesanaxi adgili;

sawoli, mosasvenebeli adgili;

done, Rirseba; gancda.

gggg„dddd„ _ mona, yma, mojamagire.

gggg„dddd„dddd _ zaqi.

gavalgavalgavalgaval _ didi tomara.

gavaseingavaseingavaseingavasein _ saxnisi.

gaTurgaTurgaTurgaTur _ biliki, sasiarulo,

saqaravno gza.

galagalagalagala _ vrceli, farTo,

didadgiliani.

gggg„lmlmlmlm„ _ ltolvili, mawanwala,

momTabare, adgilnacvali.

gamgamgamgam _ cxeli, Tbili.

gggg„rrrr _ areuli, Sereuli,

SeerTebuli, Serwymuli; mRvrie.

260

gggg„rrrr„gggg _ saWiro.

gggg„rrrr„mzmzmzmz„ _ saflavi.

gezgezgezgez _ kvali, gezi.

gelegelegelegele (n.) _ bevri.

geleSgeleSgeleSgeleS _ cekva.

gelgelgelgel, gggg”llll _ tba, tbori, gube.

gemiSgemiSgemiSgemiS _ kameCi.

genggenggenggeng _ farTo.

gergergerger _ geri; nergze SemorCenili

gaxarebuli toti.

geramawangeramawangeramawangeramawan _ pawawina; kenkras

nayofi.

gergecgergecgergecgergec _ eklesia, salocavi;

wm. giorgis saxelze nakurTxi

eklesia.

gerewgerewgerewgerew _ nerwyvi.

gigigigi„ _ naRvela.

gizgigizgigizgigizgi _ sarke.

gilgilgilgil„ _ marcvali.

gileÁgileÁgileÁgileÁ _ Wori.

gimggimggimggimg„ (ggggšmgmgmgmg„, ggggšmgaxanamgaxanamgaxanamgaxana) _

salaybo.

gimiSgimiSgimiSgimiS (ggggšmmmmšSSSS) _ vercxli.

girbesgirbesgirbesgirbes _ akrefa, Segroveba.

gggg”gggg (geggeggeggeg) _ ca.

gggg”dddd„qqqq _ mokle, mokled.

gongongongon _ feri.

gonbesgonbesgonbesgonbes _ SeRebva.

gogogogonnnnnuTnuTnuTnuT _ uferuli.

goroxgoroxgoroxgorox _ sawyali, sacodavi.

goRangoRangoRangoRan _ gamxdari.

gugelgugelgugelgugel _ Woti.

gulgulgulgul _ saceri.

ggggšllll„hhhh„nnnn _ rehani.

ggggšllllllll„ _ Jakani.

ggggšndarundarundarundaru _ nesvi.

guratguratguratgurat _ perangi.

gurdakgurdakgurdakgurdak _ Tirkmeli.

gurdesgurdesgurdesgurdes, guresguresguresgures _ waqceva.

ggggšrjirjirjirji _ qarTveli.

ggggšffff _ gube.

ggggšftesftesftesftes _ cema, tyefa.

dddd

dddd„ (n.) _ _ _ _ ufrosi da.

dddd„gggg„ _ patara saxli, oda;

farduli.

daddaddaddad _ wuxili, SeSfoTeba.

dddd„dddd„ _ mamida.

dddd„dddd„ Rar Rar Rar Rar _ mamidaSvili (mamr.).

dddd„dddd„ xinxinxinxin„r r r r _ mamidaSvili

(mdedr.).

261

dadaldadaldadaldadal _ mamali.

davadavadavadava _ Cxubi, dapirispireba,

omianoba; wamali.

davabesdavabesdavabesdavabes _ gakicxva, sayveduri,

Cxubi.

davaduResdavaduResdavaduResdavaduRes _ Sewamvla (venaxis,

xexilis).

dadadadaˤvunvunvunvun _ mxali.

dazdanidazdanidazdanidazdani _ Zieba, mokvleva.

dddd„llll„gggg _ dalaqi.

dddd„mmmm _ bani (sasimRero).

dddd„mmmm„nnnn _ kalTa.

damdamdamdamdamdamdamdam _ dila, dilas (adv.).

dddd„mduResmduResmduResmduRes _ dadastureba.

dddd„mirCimirCimirCimirCi _ mWedeli.

damnundamnundamnundamnun _ xval.

dampuldampuldampuldampul _ qliavi.

dddd„nnnn _ pureuli, sakvebi

marcvleuli, safqvavi.

dddd„ngngngng _ giJi, saSiSi.

dddd„ngizngizngizngiz _ ufskruli, naprali.

dddd„ÁÁÁÁ _ nedli.

dddd„Á JÁ JÁ JÁ JˤoRuloRuloRuloRul _ dasawyisi.

dddd„ÁrazÁrazÁrazÁraz _ celi.

dddd„ÁrÁrÁrÁr„nnnn _ zRva.

dddd„rmrmrmrm„nnnn _ malamo.

dddd„ssss _ gakveTili, mecadineoba;

gundi, ansambli.

dafdafdafdaf (sin. daÁradaÁradaÁradaÁra, naRaranaRaranaRaranaRara) _ doli.

daRlaxesdaRlaxesdaRlaxesdaRlaxes _ wameba.

daxtakdaxtakdaxtakdaxtak _ ficari.

dendakdendakdendakdendak _ zedadgari.

dexesdexesdexesdexes _ Segineba.

dizikdizikdizikdizik _ gveli.

dildildildil„gggg _ saTxovari, Txovna.

dimdimdimdim (sin. biTbiTbiTbiTšmmmm) _ mTlianad,

yvelaferi.

“dim bazdim bazdim bazdim baz” _ udiuri agazafxulo

zeimi, aRdgomamde sami dRiT

adre imarTeba, xuTSabaTs.

diJdiJdiJdiJˤamamamam _ lanZRva.

diredirediredire _ misayudebeli, misabrjeni.

dirmiStesdirmiStesdirmiStesdirmiStes _ mxaris kvra, biZgi.

diSlaydiSlaydiSlaydiSlay _ kbilebCamocvenili,

dddd”gggg„nnnn„gggg _ korZi, koJri.

doloydoloydoloydoloyˤunununun _ mWvartli.

dodododoˤmfmfmfmf, dodododoˤmfalmfalmfalmfal _ gaberili.

dordorkaldordorkaldordorkaldordorkal _ CanCqeri, wyaro.

doromorodoromorodoromorodoromoro _ abdaubda,

uxarisxo, uwesrigo,

uswormasworo.

dostdostdostdost _ megobari.

262

dodododoˤResResResRes _ gaskdoma, gabzarva,

gasrola, afeTqeba.

doRmadoRmadoRmadoRma _ RviZli, alali,

sisxlis naTesavi.

doRridoRridoRridoRri _ marTali.

dddd”SSSS _ mkerdi.

dddd”SagSagSagSag _ leibi.

daxyazdaxyazdaxyazdaxyaz _ WiSkari.

ddddšgmgmgmgm„ _ Rili.

dudududuˤgungungungun _ koJri, simsivne,

gamagreba.

ddddšggggšnnnn _ kvanZi.

duvanduvanduvanduvan _ kanoni, kanoniereba.

ddddšzzzz _ swori.

ddddšzbeszbeszbeszbes _ garigeba; gasworeba,

Casworeba.

ddddšzzzzšnnnn _ dablobi, vake, veli.

duÁduÁduÁduÁ _ boTe, doylapia, utvino.

ddddšndndndndškkkk _ niskarti.

dufdufdufduf _ cisartyela.

duResduResduResduRes _ dartyma, dajaxeba.

eeee

eeee? (v.), hehehehe (n.)_ ra? romeli?

eeeeˤbesbesbesbes _ kerva.

eeeeˤvelvelvelvel _ samlocvelo, saydari,

eklesia.

evlevlevlevl„dddd _ geni, gvari (mamis

mxridan).

ezezezez _ xnuli, xvnis mimdinereoba.

ezbes ezbes ezbes ezbes _ xvna.

eTeTeTeT„rrrr? _ rogor?

ekaekaekaeka? (v.), hekahekahekaheka? (n.) _ ra?

ekaluekaluekaluekalu? _ ratom?

elaselaselaselas _ fici.

elasfeselasfeselasfeselasfes _ daficeba, pirobis

dadeba.

elelelel _ marili.

eeeeˤlemlemlemlem _ viri, sayrdeni (xis).

elmuxelmuxelmuxelmux _ suli, sicocxle (Pl.

Tant.).

elfeselfeselfeselfes _ yivili (mamlis).

eeeemmammammamma? emmoemmoemmoemmo? _ ramdeni?

emmasaemmasaemmasaemmasa? rodemde?

eneeneeneene _ ukve.

erderderderd„gggg _ ixvi.

ereyereyereyerey _ Txili.

esenesenesenesen _ SarSan.

etaÁetaÁetaÁetaÁ[SiSiSiSi]? _ visi? risi?

etuletuletuletul? etulaetulaetulaetula? _ ramdenad? ra

fasia?

efsenefsenefsenefsen _ wels, am wels.

263

eeeeˤ††††anananan _ Tqven.

eeee††††eseseses _ Senaxva.

eeeeˤ††††iiii _ Tqveni (kuTv. nacval.).

eeeeˤqqqq _ cxeni.

eReleReleReleRel _ cxvari.

eyeyeyey _ xorci.

eyyaraeyyaraeyyaraeyyara? _ ramdeni?

eSeSeSeSˤ _ vaSli.

eWeWeWeW (v.), oCoCoCoCˤ (n.) _ kalo.

exexexex _ mosamkeli.

exbesexbesexbesexbes _ mka.

exyaraexyaraexyaraexyara? (ehyaraehyaraehyaraehyara?) _ ramdeni?

eÃeÃeÃeÃˤ _ kalTa.

ejuraejuraejuraejura? _ rogori? ranairi?

ejizejizejizejiz _ Tavmdabali.

vvvv

vavavavaˤ _ morwmune, damjeri; da

(kavS.).

vvvv„dddd„ _ dro.

vvvv„llll„dddd _ Sinauri, saqmeSi

Caxeduli.

vvvv„luRluRluRluR _ rwmena, religia.

vavavavaˤnnnn, eeeeˤ††††anananan _ Tqven.

vavavavaˤnyonyonyonyo _ enZela.

varvarvarvar _ aRznebuli, gaRizianebuli.

varbaqesvarbaqesvarbaqesvarbaqes _ gagiJeba, cofiT

daavadeba.

vvvv„rTivrTivrTivrTiv„rrrr _ feriscvaleba

(relig.), nayofis (xexilis)

momwifeba.

varruvarruvarruvarru _ mdidari.

vaCavaCavaCavaCa _ bedoba, putkris ojaxi.

vaxtvaxtvaxtvaxt _ dro.

velvelvelvel _ Txa; vel Wikvel Wikvel Wikvel Wik _ Tikani.

vivivivi _ Seni (kuTvn. nacval.).

viCiviCiviCiviCi _ Zma; viCeviCeviCeviCe RarRarRarRar _ ZmisSvili

(mamr.); viCeviCeviCeviCe xinxinxinxin„rrrr _ ZmisSvili

(mdedr.).

viwviwviwviw _ aTi.

vuÁvuÁvuÁvuÁ _ cxra.

vurRunvurRunvurRunvurRun _ qariSxali.

vuRvuRvuRvuRˤ _ Svidi.

zzzz

zalumzalumzalumzalum _ mutruli.

zzzz„mbilmbilmbilmbil _ didi xelCanTa.

zzzz„ngngngng _ zari.

zzzz„ndndndnd _ mimarTuleba, sivrce;

ganWvreta, azri, alRo.

264

zarrazamTzarrazamTzarrazamTzarrazamT„rrrr _ “bzoba” (relig.).

zarazarazarazara††††atatatat _ xumroba.

zafeszafeszafeszafes _ gaweva.

zereszereszereszeres, zerzereszerzereszerzereszerzeres _ morTva,

mokazmva.

zerevkeszerevkeszerevkeszerevkes _ SeTxzva, Selamazeba.

zigilzigilzigilzigil _ meWeWi.

zidozidozidozido _ rkina.

zizamzizamzizamzizam _ elenTa.

zizizizizizizizifesfesfesfes _ kvnesa, wuwuni.

zilzilzilzil----zilzilzilzil _ SeWyunuli,

amoburculi.

zilzilzilzil††††aaaa----zilzilzilzil††††aaaa _ nagjej-naglej,

nakuw-nakuw.

zinjilzinjilzinjilzinjil _ jaWvi.

zirzirzirzir„ngngngng _ cqviti, cocxali,

sazriani, yoCaRi.

zozofeszozofeszozofeszozofes _ ymuili, zmuili.

zombeszombeszombeszombes _ swavla.

zorzorzorzor _ Zala.

zorruzorruzorruzorru _ yovlisSemZle.

zoyzoyzoyzoy, zoÃzoÃzoÃzoÃ _ ylorti.

zoyzoyzoyzoyalalalal _ Svindi.

zoyalbeszoyalbeszoyalbeszoyalbes _ Tvla.

zuzuzuzu _ me.

zulumzulumzulumzulum _ wvaleba, wameba.

ziziziziˤptesptesptesptes _ wamortyma, wamokvra.

TTTT

TTTT„bibibibi _ morCili, qedmoxrili.

TTTT„gggg _ Tanatoli.

TTTT„gggg„rrrr _ sityva.

TadesTadesTadesTades _ micema, miTxoveba.

TaTaTaTa[ÁÁÁÁ]eseseses _ wasvla.

TavarTavarTavarTavar _ najaxi.

TTTT„zzzz„ _ axali.

TTTT„zzzz„besbesbesbes _ ganaxleba.

TTTT„TikTikTikTik _ TaTi.

TTTT„llll„ _ xafangi, maxe.

TaTaTaTaˤlaSlaSlaSlaS _ nafoTi, naxleCi.

TamTamTamTam _ sruli, srulad.

TTTT„mbmbmbmb„llll _ zarmaci, zanti,

nebieri.

TambesTambesTambesTambes _ srulyofa; morCena,

damTavreba, bolomde miyvana

(saqmis).

TamenTamenTamenTamen _ gemrieli.

TTTT„mizmizmizmiz _ sufTa, wminda; erTianad,

pirwmindad.

TTTT„mizbesmizbesmizbesmizbes _ gawmenda.

265

TTTT„rrrr _ musikaluri instrumenti;

Tixis WurWlis gamosaZerwi

dazga.

TaraTaraTaraTara _ moxveuli, wriuli,

gadabrunebuli, amobrunebuli.

TarabesTarabesTarabesTarabes _ Semobruneba,

Semotrialeba; yuradRebis

miqceva; movla.

TarazikTarazikTarazikTarazik (TarazTarazTarazTarazškkkk) _ saswori,

Tarazo.

TTTT„rrrr„mmmm„ _ Semodgomis buneobis

dResaswauli (“mzis gacileba”) _

micvalebulTa xsenebis dRe.

TTTT„rrrr„†††† _ momxre, mxare (geogr.).

TTTT„rbesrbesrbesrbes _ Tavis danebeba.

TarnaTarnaTarnaTarna (TandTandTandTandˆ̂̂̂rrrr) _ Tone.

TariRTariRTariRTariR _ modgma, weli, saukune,

Jami, maTiane.

TafTafTafTaf _ daJeJili.

TTTT„figbesfigbesfigbesfigbes _ dabarva.

TaTaTaTa††††odododod _ gansxvaveba.

TTTT„qqqq _ euli, ganmartoebuli,

erTeuli, cali, kenti.

TTTT„qqqq„ _ jixvi.

TTTT„qqqq„rrrr _ borbali.

TTTT„qqqq----TTTT„qqqq _ TiTo-TiTo, saTiTao;

xandaxan, zogjer.

TTTT„qqqq----TTTTšqqqq _ TiTo-orola.

TTTT„qlqlqlql„miSbesmiSbesmiSbesmiSbes _ gancalkeveba,

martod momwydeva.

TTTT„qsqsqsqs„ _ mxolod.

TaSesTaSesTaSesTaSes _ waReba, wayvana, mogeba.

TaSestesTaSestesTaSestesTaSestes _ wageba; waRebineba,

wayvanineba, gataneba.

TaxCaTaxCaTaxCaTaxCa _ Taro.

TTTT„hnhnhnhn„ _ wayvedreba.

TeTeTeTe _ ara.

TelTelTelTel _ depeSa.

TilTilTilTil _ waxnagi, qimi.

TiTiTiTirrrr _ koWi, mori, xaxvis kvali.

TiqTiqTiqTiq _ Sveuli.

TiqTiqTiqTiq„ _ nakuwi, naWeri.

TogTogTogTog _ fasi.

TogdesTogdesTogdesTogdes _ gayidva.

TogixTogixTogixTogix _ Zviri.

TozTozTozToz _ mtveri.

TozlamiSbesTozlamiSbesTozlamiSbesTozlamiSbes _ damtverianeba.

ToÁToÁToÁToÁ _ RonisZieba, zeimi,

qorwili.

TorTorTorTor _ gasvrili, dasvrili.

TorakTorakTorakTorak _ tomara.

TofaTofaTofaTofa, TofTofTofTof _ grova, zvini,

borcvi.

TovuzTovuzTovuzTovuz _ kombali.

266

ToSToSToSToSˤoooo _ gvelxokera, ankara

(gveli).

TTTToxoxoxoxˤanaanaanaana _ leRvi.

ToxiToxiToxiToxi _ Toxi.

ToxToxToxToxˤliklikliklik _ Ripi, CiCaxvi.

ToxyaToxyaToxyaToxya (Tohya) _ qamari, Rvedi.

TuTTuTTuTTuT _ TuTa.

TTTTšTTTTšnnnn _ Tambaqo.

TulTulTulTul _ lekvi, naSieri.

TTTTšlqlqlqlqiiii (sin. SulSulSulSul) _ melia.

TumTumTumTum _ Ziri, fesvi; saZirkveli,

saTave.

TTTTšndndndnd _ ficxi, cxare.

TurTurTurTur _ fexi.

TurakalTurakalTurakalTurakal _ xifaTiani, marcxiani,

bedukuRmarti.

TTTTšSSSS _ mizani, mimarTuleba.

TTTTšSbesSbesSbesSbes _ damizneba, mizanSi

amoReba.

TTTTšSbaTSbaTSbaTSbaTšSSSS _ pirispir.

iiii

ibaqesibaqesibaqesibaqes _ mosmena.

izakizakizakizak _ WianWvela.

izmiSbesizmiSbesizmiSbesizmiSbes _ curva.

ilililil _ balaxi (sin. oooo), mcenare,

sarevela, mcenareuliT

mofenili dablobi.

ilbesilbesilbesilbes _ gamargvla.

imanimanimaniman _ araferi.

imuximuximuximux _ yuri (Pl. Tant.); imxoximxoximxoximxox _

yurebi.

inadluinadluinadluinadlu _ RvarZliani, boroti.

ingiringiringiringir----ingiringiringiringir _ gariJraJi,

bindbundi.

inininin _ rwyili.

iniiniiniini _ axali.

inibesinibesinibesinibes _ ganaxleba.

iJiJiJiJˤ _ Tovli.

iJiJiJiJˤenenenen _ zamTari; Tovliani.

iriririr„dddd _ dakarguli.

iriririr„dbesdbesdbesdbes _ moSoreba, mocileba.

iriririr„hhhh„TTTT _ glexi, Tavisufali

miwaTmoqmedi.

iriziriziriziriz _ biliki.

iritiritiritirit _ zizRi.

isisisis _ gabutuli, uZraxi,

gandegili, ganmartoebuli.

isaisaisaisa (sin. haÁsahaÁsahaÁsahaÁsa) _ exla.

iRarixiRarixiRarixiRarix _ sicxe, temperatura.

iRaribesiRaribesiRaribesiRaribes _ dasicxva, gacieba.

iyiyiyiy _ nacari.

267

iSiSiSiSˤaaaa _ axlos, siaxloves.

iSiSiSiSˤabaqesabaqesabaqesabaqes, iSiSiSiSˤabesabesabesabes _ daaxloeba.

iSiSiSiSˤaluRaluRaluRaluR _ siaxlove.

iSiSiSiSˤaaaa----miSmiSmiSmiSˤaaaa _ axlo-maxlo.

iSuiSuiSuiSu _ kaci (sin. iSiSiSiSyaryaryaryar), qmari;

iSuiSuiSuiSu----CubuxCubuxCubuxCubux col-qmari; iSe TaÁesiSe TaÁesiSe TaÁesiSe TaÁes

gaTxoveba (zedm. qmarTan wasvla).

iCiCiCiC _ TviTon.

iCiiCiiCiiCi _ Tavisi; iCioiCioiCioiCio _ Tavisiani.

ixbaqesixbaqesixbaqesixbaqes _ damaxsovreba.

ixbaixbaixbaixba††††testestestes _ gaxseneba.

ixbesixbesixbesixbes _ damaxsovreba, aRqma.

ixtixtixtixt„rrrr _ nebarTva, dasturi.

ixtlixtlixtlixtl„TTTT _ saubari.

kkkk

kakakakaˤ _ TrTvili.

kakakakaˤvanvanvanvan _ mindori.

kkkk„zzzz„rrrr _ stafilo.

kakanikkakanikkakanikkakanik _ mrgvali, wriuli,

sferuli.

kakakakaˤkapkapkapkap _ muxli (anat.).

kakafeskakafeskakafeskakafes _ kakani.

kalakalakalakala _ xeibari, koWli.

kalafeskalafeskalafeskalafes _ koWloba.

kalbeskalbeskalbeskalbes _ gkawvra, gaxazva,

Cxvleta.

kalfeskalfeskalfeskalfes _ daZaxeba, gamoZaxeba.

kanakkanakkanakkanak _ xveuli, gragnili.

kanakbeskanakbeskanakbeskanakbes _ daxveva (Zafis,

bawris).

kakakakaˤnkalnkalnkalnkal _ xveuli.

kantazkantazkantazkantaz _ mwvervali, umaRlesi

wertili.

kancarikkancarikkancarikkancarik _ kalaTa (patara).

kanWkanWkanWkanWˤalalalal _ Tovlis gunda.

karamfeskaramfeskaramfeskaramfes _ kortna.

karovkarovkarovkarov _ oxraxuSi.

kartaSkartaSkartaSkartaS _ kefa.

katkatkatkat _ wveTi.

kkkk„tiktiktiktik _ sasa.

kaSakaSakaSakaSa _ TiTi.

kawkawkawkaw _ gawyvetili, gaglejili,

damsxreuli, dakuwuli.

kawbeskawbeskawbeskawbes _ daxocva, amoJleta.

kaweskaweskaweskawes _ gawydoma, gawyveta.

kawkalkawkalkawkalkawkal _ kibe.

kaWkaWkaWkaW _ sakenki.

kaWkaWkaWkaWˤiiii _ brma.

kaWkaWkaWkaWˤibaqesibaqesibaqesibaqes, kaWkaWkaWkaWˤibesibesibesibes _ dabrmaveba.

kaWkunkaWkunkaWkunkaWkun _ kevi, saReWi rezina.

kaWkaWkaWkaWˤolioliolioli _ kitri.

268

kaWfeskaWfeskaWfeskaWfes _ daReWva, ReWva.

kajuxkajuxkajuxkajux _ wveri (Pl. Tant.).

kerwalkerwalkerwalkerwal _ kaWkaWi.

kiwikiwikiwikiwi _ cota.

kiwkekiwkekiwkekiwke _ patara, pawia.

kiwkebeskiwkebeskiwkebeskiwkebes _ dapataraveba.

kiwkiwkiwkiw----kiwikiwikiwikiwi _ cot-cota.

kobeskobeskobeskobes _ gakreWva.

kodakodakodakoda _ niCabi.

kodoxkodoxkodoxkodox _ Subli.

kovalkovalkovalkoval _ joxi.

koTavarkoTavarkoTavarkoTavar _ tafa.

kokowkokowkokowkokow _ qaTami.

konfuzkonfuzkonfuzkonfuz _ mwvervali.

konjkonjkonjkonjˤuxuxuxux _ patroni (Pl. Tant.).

kkkkoÁnoÁnoÁnoÁn, koÁkoÁkoÁkoÁ _ qvevri.

kokokokoˤÁnÁnÁnÁn _ qudi.

korikorikorikori _ moxrili, mrude.

korikorikorikori----morimorimorimori _ mixveul-moxveuli,

mixril-moxrili.

kopikopikopikopi _ qvici.

kotorkotorkotorkotor _ nawili, naWeri, natexi.

kotorkotorkotorkotor----kotorkotorkotorkotor _ nawil-nawil.

kowkowkowkow _ moxrili, waxrili;

danebebuli.

kowbeskowbeskowbeskowbes _ gadmoxra, gadaxra;

gadmobireba, dayolieba.

koWkoWkoWkoWˤ _ tari.

kojkojkojkoj _ saxli.

kojkojkojkoj----kuakuakuakua _ saxlSive.

kojkojkojkoj----mecmecmecmec----baqesbaqesbaqesbaqes _ daojaxeba,

dabinaveba.

kojkojkojkoj----CCCCˤomoxomoxomoxomox _ saxl-kari.

kulkulkulkul _ miwa.

kuperkuperkuperkuper _ kvirti, kokori.

kurwfeskurwfeskurwfeskurwfes _ Tvlema, Tvalis

moxuWva.

kuweskuweskuweskuwes _ Cacucqva.

llll

lalalalaˤbtesbtesbtesbtes (lalalalaˤptesptesptesptes) _ gabrtyeleba,

gasresa, gaWyletva.

llll„gggg„nnnn _ taSti.

llll„gggg„rrrr _ mRvrie, amRvreuli,

areuli.

lalalala[ÁÁÁÁ]eseseses _ asvla, acoceba.

lavkeslavkeslavkeslavkes _ asxma, Camocmeva,

wamocveva.

lazumlazumlazumlazum _ saWiro.

lallallallal _ munji, utyvi.

lalaqanlalaqanlalaqanlalaqan _ qoSi.

lamlamlamlam _ priala, gaprialebuli.

lamandilamandilamandilamandi _ Sexvedrili.

269

lalalalaˤngngngng _ nabiji.

lalalalaˤpurtikpurtikpurtikpurtik _ gadazelili.

larilarilarilari _ msgavsi, tolfasi,

magieri.

laribaqeslaribaqeslaribaqeslaribaqes _damsgavseba.

laribeslaribeslaribeslaribes _ mimsgavseba.

ladiladiladiladi _ wasmuli.

laflaflaflaf _ Zalian.

lafeslafeslafeslafes _ Cacma.

lalalala††††testestestes _ Sexeba, mortyma.

laRlaRlaRlaRˤaldesaldesaldesaldes _ gamovlena.

laylaylaylay _ laye.

llll„SSSS _ sxeuli.

laSlaSlaSlaSˤkokokoko _ qorwili.

laSlaSlaSlaSˤkobaqeskobaqeskobaqeskobaqes _ qorwineba,

daqorwineba.

laCaylaCaylaCaylaCay _ miwebebuli, mikruli,

mitmasnili.

laCayteslaCayteslaCayteslaCaytes _ dawebeba, dakroba.

lacurdeslacurdeslacurdeslacurdes _ misxureba.

laWurlaWurlaWurlaWur _ daxveuli, xveuli.

laWurfeslaWurfeslaWurfeslaWurfes _ daxveva.

laxilaxilaxilaxi _ dadebuli.

-laxolaxolaxolaxo _ zed, zemodan (Tand.).

levetlevetlevetlevet _ qvabi.

liklikliklik„rrrr _ biliki.

lillillillil _ lami.

loTiloTiloTiloTi _ sayvareli.

lolololokkkk _ qoTani (yvavilis).

llll”llll”cccc _ akvani.

lonRalonRalonRalonRa _ trabaxa.

loÃaloÃaloÃaloÃa _ loya.

llllšllll„ _ lula, mili.

mmmm

mamamama _ ar (uary. kl.); sadac (maqv.

kavS.).

mamamamaˤ _ tvini, Wkua.

mmmm„ _ ar (uary. kl.).

mamamamaˤbabababa _ tviniani.

mmmm„dddd„rbesrbesrbesrbes _ drois gawelva,

drois gayvana, drois mogeba.

mmmm„TTTT _ tylapi.

makalamakalamakalamakala _ arsad.

malmalmalmal _ saqoneli.

malamalamalamala _ farcxi.

maladuResmaladuResmaladuResmaladuRes _ farcxva,

dafarcxva.

malaka malaka malaka malaka _ kovzi.

mamaymamaymamaymamayˤ (babaybabaybabaybabayˤ) _ mouxerxeli.

mamilmamilmamilmamil _ bicola.

mamurmamurmamurmamur _ xavsi.

270

mamuSmamuSmamuSmamuSˤakakakak _ ia.

mamamamaˤngungungungu _ nikapi.

mandimandimandimandi _ darCenili, SemorCenili.

mmmm„nZilnZilnZilnZil (manZilmanZilmanZilmanZil, manzilmanzilmanzilmanzil) _

manZili.

manomanomanomano? _ romeli? (kiTxv. nacval.).

mamamamaˤÁnÁnÁnÁn _ Savi.

mamamamaˤÁnÁnÁnÁnfunfunfunfun _ SavTuxa, Savgrimani.

maralmaralmaralmaral _ iremi.

marcimarcimarcimarci _ gamoleuli, moTavebuli,

morCenili.

mmmm„ssss„llll„ _ saubris Tema, andaza,

Tqmuleba; nedleuli, masala.

masfesmasfesmasfesmasfes _ gacra, mtvrisgan

gawmenda.

masyaramasyaramasyaramasyara _ masxara, klouni,

sasacilo pirovneba.

masyarabesmasyarabesmasyarabesmasyarabes _ dacinva, damcireba,

ironia.

mataÁmataÁmataÁmataÁ? matRoÁmatRoÁmatRoÁmatRoÁ? _ visi? (kiTx.

nacval.).

mamamamaˤfesfesfesfes _ bRavili.

maRmaRmaRmaRˤ _ simRera.

maRamaRamaRamaRa _ aqeT.

maRmaRmaRmaRˤkalokalokalokalo _ momRerali.

maRmaRmaRmaRˤfesfesfesfes _ mRera, simRera.

maSarmaSarmaSarmaSar _ xerxi.

maSaRmaSaRmaSaRmaSaR _ vefxvi.

maSkatekalmaSkatekalmaSkatekalmaSkatekal _ Ramura.

maCmaCmaCmaCˤoooo? _ saiT?

maCmaCmaCmaCˤxoxoxoxo? _ saidan? romeli

mxridan?

mawimawimawimawi _ TeTri.

mawibaqesmawibaqesmawibaqesmawibaqes, mawibesmawibesmawibesmawibes _ gaTeTreba,

gadaTeTreba.

mawi xemawi xemawi xemawi xe _ arayi (zedmiw. TeTri

wyali).

maxpurmaxpurmaxpurmaxpur _ xaverdi.

maÃmaÃmaÃmaÃ _ mana, sari.

maÃmaÃmaÃmaÃˤ _ muxa, rko; maÃmaÃmaÃmaÃˤna xodna xodna xodna xod _

muxis xe.

mmmm„hlhlhlhl„, mmmm„hhhh„llll„ _ ezo, karmidamo;

ubani (n.).

mmmm„hnhnhnhn„ _ mizezi.

memememe _ es (Cv. nacval.); dana.

memememeˤllll _ Tagvi.

melanmelanmelanmelan, melinmelinmelinmelin _ aqedan (adv.).

memememeˤlumlumlumlum _ Tavkbila, Zirmagara.

memmamemmamemmamemma _ amdeni.

menomenomenomeno _ es (subst.).

meÁdmeÁdmeÁdmeÁd _ cxedari, gvami.

mermermermer _ ase.

meRmeRmeRmeRˤewewewew _ tyipa.

meSumeSumeSumeSu _ amaRam (adv.).

271

mecmecmecmec _ bude; qvabuli, CaRrmaveba.

meWmeWmeWmeW _ WinWari.

meÃmeÃmeÃmeÃ _ Wia, matli.

mejmejmejmejšrrrr„ _ ase, amnairad.

mimimimi _ sicive.

mibmibmibmibeseseses _ aciveba.

miTmiTmiTmiT„††††kkkk„ _ muTaqa.

mimowmimowmimowmimow _ wvintli, mouxocavi

(atr.).

miÁamiÁamiÁamiÁa (mÁamÁamÁamÁa, miamiamiamia) _ aq.

mismismismis _ spilenZi.

misparmisparmisparmispar _ lursmani.

micmicmicmicikikikik (n.; Sdr.: kiwkekiwkekiwkekiwke) _ patara.

mozimozimozimozi _ xbo.

monomonomonomono _ es (subst.; ix. menomenomenomeno).

mosmosmosmos (fosfosfosfos) _ nagavi, mtveri.

moRormoRormoRormoRor _ gaRviZebuli.

moRorecimoRorecimoRorecimoRoreci _ Secdenili.

moSmoSmoSmoS, moCmoCmoCmoC _ bardi, ekliani buCqi.

mowakmowakmowakmowak _ koRo.

muemuemuemue (mumumumu) _ qeri.

muzmuzmuzmuz _ ena.

muzmuzmuzmuz††††urudesurudesurudesurudes _ Woriknoba,

enaWartloba.

muzÃaesmuzÃaesmuzÃaesmuzÃaes _ enis adgma.

mummummummum _ sanTeli, cvili.

murmurmurmur _ mWvartli, muri, RerZi.

murdalmurdalmurdalmurdal _ avxorci.

mmmmšrrrršmmmm _ mironi.

mutulmutulmutulmutul _ marcvleuli, TavTavi.

muRmuRmuRmuR _ rva.

muymuymuymuyˤaaaa _ rqa.

muSmuSmuSmuS _ qari.

muSmuSmuSmuSWunWunWunWun _ kocna.

muWamuWamuWamuWa _ muWi.

muWmuWmuWmuWˤaaaa _ tkbili.

muWmuWmuWmuWˤanayanayanayanay _ rZe.

muWurmuWurmuWurmuWur _ gadawmendili ca.

muxmuxmuxmux _ frCxili (muÃ); klanWi;

yanwi; kibis safexuri.

muÃmuÃmuÃmuÃˤ _ mxiaruli, gaxarebuli.

muÃmuÃmuÃmuÃˤluRluRluRluR _ zeimi.

nnnn

naanenaanenaanenaane _ araviTar SemTxvevaSi.

namaznamaznamaznamaz _ eklesia, samlocvelo.

namazbesnamazbesnamazbesnamazbes _ locvis aRvlena.

nambesnambesnambesnambes _ danamva.

namgalnamgalnamgalnamgal _ namgali.

namusnamusnamusnamus _ namusi.

nananananananana _ deda.

272

nanaluRnanaluRnanaluRnanaluR _ dedinacvali.

narzuRnarzuRnarzuRnarzuR _ guSin.

naRaranaRaranaRaranaRara _ doli.

naRnaRnaRnaRˆ̂̂̂llll _ zRapari.

naynaynaynay _ do.

nayelnayelnayelnayel _ mawoni.

naxnaxnaxnaxˆ̂̂̂rrrr _ naxiri, qaravani; gundi;

jogi.

neduRalneduRalneduRalneduRal _ sadedi (rZis).

neTneTneTneT _ warbi.

neRneRneRneR _ cremli.

neSneSneSneSˤ _ wirva; msxverpli, ZRveni,

(relig.).

neSneSneSneSˤumumumum _ yveTeli.

newnewnewnew _ tili.

nikonikonikoniko _ burTi.

niktesniktesniktesniktes _ rqena.

ninifesninifesninifesninifes, nanifesnanifesnanifesnanifes _ iavnana (ud.).

niSniSniSniSˤanananan _ niSnoba (saqorwino),

niSani.

niSniSniSniSˤtartartartar _ samarTebeli.

noWnoWnoWnoWˤ _ yurZnis wveni, “tkbili”.

nuTnuTnuTnuT, nutnutnutnut _ ara, gareSe (uar. kl.).

nnnnš††††tttt„ _ muqta.

ÁÁÁÁ

ÁadÁadÁadÁad _ ucxo.

ÁavaÁavaÁavaÁava _ avi, Seupovari.

ÁavanÁavanÁavanÁavan _ damSeuli, mSier-

mwyurvali.

ÁaÁluRÁaÁluRÁaÁluRÁaÁluR _ Tavsaburavi, Tavze

mosaxvevi.

ÁalÁalÁalÁal _ jagari, fafari.

ÁaluRÁaluRÁaluRÁaluR _ ali.

ÁamanÁamanÁamanÁaman _ Zlieri, uZleveli.

ÁamaRÁamaRÁamaRÁamaR _ nakeri, sakerebeli.

ÁamaRbesÁamaRbesÁamaRbesÁamaRbes _ dakerva.

ÁaffesÁaffesÁaffesÁaffes, ÁaÁaÁaÁambesmbesmbesmbes _ amovseba,

amoleva, galesva.

ÁanÁanÁanÁan _ Cven (p. nacval.); gverdi,

sivrce.

ÁannuÁannuÁannuÁannu, ÁannulÁannulÁannulÁannul _ gverdiT,

gaswvriv (adv.).

ÁanRliSÁanRliSÁanRliSÁanRliS _ Secdoma; Semcdari,

gzaabneuli.

ÁaraÁaraÁaraÁara _ Wriloba, iara; ÁaraluÁaraluÁaraluÁaralu _

daWrili, wyluliani.

ÁarmaÁarmaÁarmaÁarma _ damsxreuli, dafSvnili;

RerRili.

273

ÁasÁasÁasÁas _ glova; ÁasluÁasluÁasluÁaslu _

mgloviare.

ÁatunjiÁatunjiÁatunjiÁatunji _ nabadi, matyli,

bewviani mosasxami.

ÁafuRÁafuRÁafuRÁafuR _ saxuravi.

ÁafuWyanÁafuWyanÁafuWyanÁafuWyan _ webo.

ÁalinÁalinÁalinÁalin _ dazustebiT.

ÁayÁayÁayÁay _ gza.

ÁayabesÁayabesÁayabesÁayabes _ gagzavna.

ÁayabeRÁayabeRÁayabeRÁayabeRˤeseseses, ÁaybeRÁaybeRÁaybeRÁaybeRˤeseseses _ lodini.

ÁayTaÁayTaÁayTaÁayTa[ÁÁÁÁ]eseseses _ gamgzavreba.

ÁaSÁaSÁaSÁaS _ asaki.

ÁaxniÁaxniÁaxniÁaxni _ moxarSuli xorci,

xaSlama.

ÁaxuÁaxuÁaxuÁaxu _ aufuari comi.

ÁaharÁaharÁaharÁahar _ unagiri.

ÁeÁeÁeÁe _ an (kavS.).

Áega Áega Áega Áega _ qlibi.

ÁedgÁedgÁedgÁedg„rrrr _ samaxsovro.

ÁeznaÁeznaÁeznaÁezna _ siZe, CasiZebuli.

ÁeTumÁeTumÁeTumÁeTum _ oboli, euli.

ÁemiSÁemiSÁemiSÁemiS (sin. ggggšndndndnd„rrrrš, ggggšndarundarundarundaru) _

nesvi.

ÁengÁengÁengÁeng„ _ xelismomkide

(patarZlis).

ÁeqqaÁeqqaÁeqqaÁeqqa _ veeberTela,

Tvaluwvdeneli.

ÁigÁigÁigÁig _ mtkaveli.

ÁikfesÁikfesÁikfesÁikfes _ gacra (fqvilis, lamis).

ÁihifesÁihifesÁihifesÁihifes _ Wixvini.

ÁoldaSÁoldaSÁoldaSÁoldaS _ megobari, amxanagi.

ÁolCiÁolCiÁolCiÁolCi _ ucxo.

Áon Áon Áon Áon _ xerxi, ileTi;

mimarTuleba.

ÁonsuzÁonsuzÁonsuzÁonsuz _ mouqneli, uxerxuli,

mouxerxebeli.

ÁorRanÁorRanÁorRanÁorRan _ sabani, TavSesafari.

ÁuÁuÁuÁu _ rbili.

ÁubgaÁubgaÁubgaÁubga _ qveda Tansacmeli.

ÁumbuÁumbuÁumbuÁumburrrr _ muSti.

oooo

oooo _ balaxi, mcenare (zog.), Tiva,

Tavtaviani kulturebi; mdelo,

vake, mcenareebiT dafaruli

dablobi, plato.

ogaogaogaoga _ geri, gare (araoirdapiri)

naTesavi; balaxiani adgili,

saTibi, mdelo.

oda oda oda oda _ balaxiT (isliT) an TiviT

daxuruli saxli, saTavso.

ozaozaozaozannnn _ kiseri.

oTaRoTaRoTaRoTaR _ oTaxi; farduli; isliT

daxuruli saTavso.

274

ooooˤmamamama (uuuuˤmamamama) _ marwyvi.

ooooˤnenenene _ tirili, wuxili,

datireba.

ooooˤnefesnefesnefesnefes _ tirili (masd.).

oÁmaRoÁmaRoÁmaRoÁmaR _ modgma, warmoSoba, fuZe.

oreoreoreore _ gabutuli, uZraxi.

oreÁnoreÁnoreÁnoreÁn _wyaro.

orTaRorTaRorTaRorTaR, orTaRluorTaRluorTaRluorTaRlu _ saziaro,

gaerTianebuli; erToblivad

(adv.).

ostavar ostavar ostavar ostavar _ magari.

otototot _ sircxvili.

otbesotbesotbesotbes _ sircxvilis SegrZneba.

oRandoRandoRandoRand _ moxerxebuli, ioli,

advilad mosagvarebeli.

oRraSoRraSoRraSoRraS _ eSmakeuli, Tarsi.

oRuroRuroRuroRur, oRurru oRurru oRurru oRurru _ fexbednieri,

baraqiani, Semosavliani.

oyoyoyoy _ Ziri, qveda nawili.

oyoyoyoyˤ _ uReli, sapalne.

oyaoyaoyaoya _ dabla, qvemoT.

oyabesoyabesoyabesoyabes _ Camoweva, daweva.

oyaluoyaluoyaluoyalu _ dabali.

oyoyoyoyˤeÁneÁneÁneÁn _ Zvali.

oyooyooyooyo _ Zmari.

oSoSoSoSˤ (uSuSuSuS) _ bolo, kide,

dasalieri; bolos (adv.).

oSoSoSoSˤaaaa _ mere, Semdeg.

oSoSoSoSˤunununun _ Semdgomi.

oCoCoCoCˤalalalal _ miwis zedapiri; (n.) _

mindori, veli.

owkaldesowkaldesowkaldesowkaldes _ gabaneba.

owkalfesowkalfesowkalfesowkalfes _ banaoba.

oWoWoWoWˤiiii _ talaxi, lami.

oxoxoxox _ savarcxeli.

oxoxoxoxˤalalalal _ nadiroba.

oxarioxarioxarioxari _ ioli, advili.

oxbesoxbesoxbesoxbes, oxfesoxfesoxfesoxfes _ varcxna,

davarcxna.

oxoxoxoxˤeÁleÁleÁleÁl _ nanadirevi; xorciani

kerZebi.

oÃoÃoÃoÃ (axaxaxax, uxuxuxux) _ mdinare.

oÃeÁloÃeÁloÃeÁloÃeÁl _ saWmeli, sakvebi.

ojasojasojasojas _ dekeuli.

ojaxojaxojaxojax, ojaRojaRojaRojaR _ ojaxi, kera;

patara salocavi.

o haÁo haÁo haÁo haÁ! o ra kargia! (Sor.).

ohohohoh! _ oh! (Sor.).

”

”guTguTguTguT _ aRzrda.

”vlvlvlvl„dddd _ gvari, geni, warmoSoba.

275

”mmmm„gggg _ ZarRvi.

”qqqqšzzzz _ tyupi.

pppp

papapapaˤ (popopopoˤ) _ ori; papapapaˤelonelonelonelon _ orive,

orTave; papapapaˤluRluRluRluR _ oriani.

papapapaˤelmuRonelmuRonelmuRonelmuRon _ orsuli.

papapapapapapapa (sin. babababababababa) _ mama.

papapapaˤrTbaqesrTbaqesrTbaqesrTbaqes (ffffaaaaˤrTbaqesrTbaqesrTbaqesrTbaqes) _

mokunTva, orad mokeca.

patarakpatarakpatarakpatarak _ qelexi.

patomjanpatomjanpatomjanpatomjan (patumjanpatumjanpatumjanpatumjan) _ badrijani.

papapapaˤSSSS[aaaa]matmatmatmat _ orSabaTi.

peppeppeppep _ akvnis leibi.

pipipipi _ sisxli.

pilinjpilinjpilinjpilinj (sin. mis) _ spilenZi.

piliRonWpiliRonWpiliRonWpiliRonW _ xvliki.

pipipipiˤnaknaknaknak _ sazurge.

piJpiJpiJpiJ _ Surduli.

piJnapiJnapiJnapiJna, xaÁnxaÁnxaÁnxaÁn----piJ piJ piJ piJ _ Suriani.

pirwpirwpirwpirw _ sklinti.

piwumkalpiwumkalpiwumkalpiwumkal _ sisxlismwoveli.

popopopo[ÁÁÁÁ]eseseses _ sakmarisoba,

dakmayofileba.

poÁpoÁpoÁpoÁ! _ maS! viTom?! TiTqosda!

popopopoˤ----popopopoˤ _ or-ori.

poRoWpoRoWpoRoWpoRoW _ Wiayela.

purampurampurampuram _ kidev, isev, mainc.

puripuripuripuri _ mkvdari.

JJJJ

JJJJˤalalalal, JJJJˤalfesalfesalfesalfes (masd.) _ duRili.

JJJJˤaldesaldesaldesaldes _ aduReba.

JJJJˤeeee _ qva, lodi; saflavis qva;

cixe-simagre; klde.

JebJebJebJeb (jebjebjebjeb) _ jibe, ube.

JJJJˤeeee----el el el el _ qva-marili.

JJJJˤeeeeluR luR luR luR _ qviani (atr.); qviani

adgili.

JinjilJinjilJinjilJinjil (zinjilzinjilzinjilzinjil) _ jaWvi.

JJJJˤil il il il (JilJilJilJil, JJJJˤalalalal) _ arev-dareva,

qaosuri moZraoba.

JJJJˤilfesilfesilfesilfes _ ajanyeba, aRreva.

JJJJˤollamiSbesollamiSbesollamiSbesollamiSbes _ dacoba.

JJJJˤomoxomoxomoxomox _ wisqvili; piri.

JJJJˤoRuloRuloRuloRul _ zafxuli.

Juk Juk Juk Juk _ TiTistari.

rrrr

udiur enaSi r r r r bgeris moxvedra

absolutur anlautSi ver

276

davimowmeT (inlautSi da

auslautSi rrrr bgera xSirad

gvxvdeba), Tu ar CavliT

“internacionalizmebs” (radio

da a.S.) da ramdenime nasesxeb

sityvas:

rararara _ raSi, merani (sin. raSraSraSraS),

gadaadgilebis saSualeba.

ssss

sa sa sa sa (sosososo) _ erTi; mxolod; saRi.

saadsaadsaadsaad, sahaT sahaT sahaT sahaT (n.) _ saaTi (meq.);

saaTi (dr. erT.).

saburduRessaburduRessaburduRessaburduRes _ dacemineba.

sagalasagalasagalasagala _ erTad.

saemosaemosaemosaemo (saÁmosaÁmosaÁmosaÁmo) _ ramdenime,

zogierTi.

sazkena sazkena sazkena sazkena _ gawkepili, gamarTuli.

saTamsaTamsaTamsaTam (sa Tamansa Tamansa Tamansa Taman) _ erTianad.

saTsaTsaTsaT„hhhh„rrrr _ rogorme, raime xerxiT.

saluRsaluRsaluRsaluR _ erTiani.

samaRajisamaRajisamaRajisamaRaji _ fiWvi.

samuzsamuzsamuzsamuz _ erTxmad.

samjisamjisamjisamji _ pirveli.

sanduRsanduRsanduRsanduR _ skivri.

sanesanesanesane! _ mainc! (Sor.).

sanjusanjusanjusanju _ mWvali.

saÁsaÁsaÁsaÁ _ cota; kvlavac, kidevac.

saÁmaz saÁmaz saÁmaz saÁmaz _ mcirediT kmayofili,

udardeli, zarmaci.

ssss„rrrr _ gamorCena.

ssss„rrrr††††„dddd„rrrr _ gamorCenisa, mogebis

moyvaruli; pativmoyvare.

ssss„ssss _ xma, hangi, bgera

ssss„smsmsmsm„zzzz, ssss„smsmsmsm„zbaqizbaqizbaqizbaqi _ gulwasuli.

ssss„ssss----ssss„birbirbirbir (ssss„ssss----ssss„mirmirmirmir) _ xma-krinti.

safarasafarasafarasafara _ zogierTi.

safsasafsasafsasafsa _ martoxela; ueli;

damoukidebeli.

saqsaqsaqsaq„rrrr„mmmm _ erTxel.

saqessaqessaqessaqes _ Cagdeba.

sayaTsayaTsayaTsayaT _ erTxanobas.

saxsaxsaxsaxˤtestestestes _ koWloba.

saxsaxsaxsaxˤtiktiktiktik _ koWli.

sajsajsajsajšrrrr„ _ erTnairi, erTferovani.

sevCe sevCe sevCe sevCe _ mazli.

seÁneseÁneseÁneseÁne _ dedamTili.

serbesserbesserbesserbes _ gakeTeba, SekeTeba,

momsaxureba, ageba; Casaxva.

sinsinsinsin„miSbesmiSbesmiSbesmiSbes _ gamocda, dakvirveba.

sirTsirTsirTsirT _ xerxemali; Txemi.

sirsirsirsir _ saidumlo.

sirmiSbessirmiSbessirmiSbessirmiSbes _ dazianeba.

ssssisisisis _ futkris nestari; susxi.

siqsiqsiqsiq„----siqsiqsiqsiq„ _ naglej-naglej, nakuw-

nakuw.

sixsixsixsix _ xSiri, sixSire.

sosososo----sosososo _ TiTo-TiTo.

ssssšzzzz„gggg _ sawuri WurWeli.

ssssšTTTTšnnnn _ sveti, Zeli, boZi.

277

ssssšmbmbmbmbšllll _ TavTavi.

ssssšrrrrš _ grova, fara, jogi, gundi.

suruksuruksuruksuruk _ daweuli, Camokidebuli.

sussussussus _ susti.

susbaqessusbaqessusbaqessusbaqes _ gulwasvla, gonebis

dakargva; gulis SeRoneba.

susususu††††aTaTaTaT _ saxe.

susususuˤhabhabhabhab _ madli, pativi; Secodeba.

tttt

taktaktaktak _ stafilo.

taktaktaktak----taktaktaktak _ mwyobrad, mijriT,

mkrivze [dawyobili].

takfes takfes takfes takfes _ mijriT dawyoba,

Comomwkriveba; dargva.

taldataldataldatalda, taldaluRtaldaluRtaldaluRtaldaluR _ safari,

TavSesafari.

taldabaqestaldabaqestaldabaqestaldabaqes _ Tavis Sefareba,

mifareba.

taleqtaleqtaleqtaleq _ TefSi.

tamtamtamtam _ gemo.

tatatatamarmarmarmar _ ZarRvi.

tamentamentamentamen _ gemrieli; tamsuztamsuztamsuztamsuz _

ugemovno.

tanluRtanluRtanluRtanluR (tonluRtonluRtonluRtonluR) _ xelfasi,

salaro.

taÁaRtaÁaRtaÁaRtaÁaR _ sayrdeni, dasayrdeni,

misayudebeli.

taÁna taÁna taÁna taÁna _ feTvi.

tapantapantapantapan _ ska.

tatatataˤpakpakpakpak _ brtyeli.

tatatataˤpakbespakbespakbespakbes _ gabrtyeleba

tapestapestapestapes _ cema, bertyva, begva.

taramtaramtaramtaram _ mWidrod, mkvidrad;

magram.

tarTmiSbestarTmiSbestarTmiSbestarTmiSbes _ warTmeva, wagleja.

tattattattat _ buzi.

tatitatitatitati _ bebia, dideda (sin. qalqalqalqal----

nananananananana).

tatafes tatafes tatafes tatafes _ gaSla, moSla,

wamoSla; morRveva.

tafi tafi tafi tafi _ nacemi.

tafestafestafestafes _ cema.

taytaytaytayˤtes tes tes tes _ CarWoba, darWoba.

taytaytaytayˤfifififi (taytaytaytayˤbibibibi) _ damtvreuli.

taRa taRa taRa taRa _ iqeT.

taRataRataRataRa----maRamaRamaRamaRa _ aqeT-iqeT.

tetetete _ is (Cv. nacval.).

tevtevtevtev„dindindindin„ _ maSin.

teTteTteTteT„rrrr, teTteTteTteT„hhhh„rrrr _ ise, imgvarad,

imnairad.

tekaltekaltekaltekal _ kalia.

telantelantelantelan, telintelintelintelin _ iqidan (adv.).

temmatemmatemmatemma _ imdeni.

terterterter _ ise, iqiT.

teracuteracuteracuteracu _ diakvani.

terterterter----terterterter _ ise da ise; mixveul-

moxveuli.

tejtejtejtejšrrrr„ _ iseTi, imnairi.

tiÁa tiÁa tiÁa tiÁa _ iq.

tiÁatiÁatiÁatiÁaun un un un _ iqauri.

278

titestitestitestites _ gaqceva.

titiltitiltitiltitil _ metiCara, cancara.

tiytiytiytiyˤ (sin. kopkalkopkalkopkalkopkal) _ wamonazardi,

amonaburci.

totototoˤplikplikplikplik _ kila.

toprak toprak toprak toprak (TorakTorakTorakTorak) _ tomara, parki.

totototototototo _ tutuci.

toRtoRtoRtoRˤol ol ol ol (sin. ÁannulÁannulÁannulÁannul) _ iqve,

gverdiT.

toStoStoStoS _ gareT.

toStoStoStoSˤamfesamfesamfesamfes _ dagva, dasufTaveba.

toSSantoSSantoSSantoSSan _ kurdReli.

tultultultul _ yurZeni, yurZnis

marcvali.

tulboytulboytulboytulboyˤeseseses _ rTveli.

tulytulytulytulyˤaWfesaWfesaWfesaWfes _ yurZnis dawurva.

tumatumatumatuma _ yunwi.

tuntuztuntuztuntuztuntuz _ kurtumi.

tutututuˤpppp _ boloki.

tupaytupaytupaytupayˤ _ meloti.

tupultupultupultupul _ kopli.

tupultupultupultupul----tupultupultupultupul _ koplebiani,

winwklebiani.

turituriturituri _ Zafi.

uuuu

udaudaudauda _ TuTis foTlebi;

abreSumis WiisaTvis

gaTvaliswinebuli TuTis xis

jiSi (sin. udin xudin xudin xudin xodododod; WapalWapalWapalWapal).

ukukukuk _ guli.

ukalo ukalo ukalo ukalo _ mTqmeli.

uklauklauklaukla _ guliani.

ulululul (sin. janavarjanavarjanavarjanavar) _ mgeli.

uluxuluxuluxulux _ kbili (Pl. Tant.); ulxoxulxoxulxoxulxox _

kbilebi.

uuuuˤmamamama _ marwyvi (ix. ooooˤmamamama).

umudumudumudumud _ imedi.

unuRunuRunuRunuR _ nawlavi (Pl. Tant.).

urdanurdanurdanurdan----burdanburdanburdanburdan _ abdaubda.

uruziuruziuruziuruzi (oroziorozioroziorozi) _ xoxobi.

uruzuruzuruzuruz _ rusi.

uruseTuruseTuruseTuruseT _ ruseTi.

urutfesurutfesurutfesurutfes _ Selocva, Serisxva.

usususus _ xari.

usen usen usen usen _ weli, wlis rigi (relig.).

usinusinusinusin _ Cqara, swrafad, maSinve,

umal.

usinusinusinusin----usinusinusinusin _ Cqar-Cqara.

uskesuskesuskesuskes _ gazomva, awonva.

ustaustaustausta _ ostati, xelosani.

uqesuqesuqesuqes _ Wama.

uqsunuqsunuqsunuqsun----uRuRuRuRˤsunsunsunsun _ sma-Wama (masd. II).

uRuRuRuRˤ _ sxveni.

uRuRuRuRˤeseseses _ daleva.

uyuyuyuyˤ _ kakali (nayofi); uyuyuyuyˤna xodna xodna xodna xod

_ kaklis xe.

uyuyuyuyˤeÁn eÁn eÁn eÁn _ Zvali.

uSuSuSuS (sin. uSuSuSuSˤ, WotWotWotWot) _ kide, bolo,

dasalieri.

279

uSuSuSuSˤ _ SeSa; kide, bolo,

dasalieri (ix. uSuSuSuS).

uWuWuWuWˤ _ Tafli.

uWuWuWuWˤe tate tate tate tat _ futkari (zedmiw.

taflis buzi).

uxuxuxux (sin. axaxaxax, uÃuÃuÃuÃ, oÃoÃoÃoÃ) _ mdinare.

uÃuÃuÃuÃˤ _ eqvsi.

ujuzujuzujuzujuz _ iafi.

ujuzbaqesujuzbaqesujuzbaqesujuzbaqes _ gaiafeba (bunebrivi).

ujuzbesujuzbesujuzbesujuzbes _ gaiafeba (xelovnuri.).

uhuhuhuh! _ uh! (Sor.).

š

šTTTTš _ uTo.

šTTTTšduResduResduResduRes, šTTTTšbesbesbesbes _ dauTaveba.

šTTTTšduRduRduRduRi i i i _ dauToebuli.

šssssšnnnn _ male (ix. usinusinusinusin).

šrrrršmmmmšrrrršmmmm _ bind-bundi.

ffff

ffffaÁzaÁzaÁzaÁz _ Semodgoma.

farfarfarfar _ CamoSlili, mozvavebuli,

morRveuli (sin. ferferferfer); gafrena

(sin. fur).

ffff„rgrgrgrg„rbesrbesrbesrbes _ awyoba, gamarTva,

gakeTeba, ageba, amuSaveba, CarTva,

organizeba.

farTalfarTalfarTalfarTal _ tansacmeli,

tanisamosi.

fafafafaˤrTbaqirTbaqirTbaqirTbaqi _ enaCavardnili,

mxilebuli.

farTamiSbesfarTamiSbesfarTamiSbesfarTamiSbes _ farTxali, sulis

Rapva.

fasfasfasfas _ dangreuli, gacveTili;

gaSlili, mimobneuli,

mimofantuli.

faqfaqfaqfaq _ baR-venaxi, baRCa.

fasWaRfasWaRfasWaRfasWaR (fasCaRfasCaRfasCaRfasCaR) _ mefe.

faxlafaxlafaxlafaxla _ lobio.

faxfaxfaxfaxˤtitititi _ moduRebuli, orTqlSi

gatarebuli.

faxfaxfaxfaxˤttttes es es es _ moduReba.

felumfelumfelumfelum _ anafora.

fenewfenewfenewfenew _ xis guTani; kaviani;

saxnisi.

fesunfesunfesunfesun _ Tqma, qmedeba (azris

ganxorcielebis dawyeba).

feSfeSfeSfeSˤakakakak _ xeloba.

feSfeSfeSfeSˤmanmanmanman _ sinanuli.

fifififi _ Txis qoni; naTqvami (mimR.).

filfilfilfil„qqqq„nnnn _ kibe.

fisfisfisfis _ cudi.

fisbaqesfisbaqesfisbaqesfisbaqes _ cudad yofna, cudad

gaxdoma.

280

fisbes fisbes fisbes fisbes _ cudis keTeba, cudis

Cadena.

fisesfisesfisesfises _ cudi gancda, cudad

gaxdoma.

fifififiSik Sik Sik Sik _ kata.

fiStfiStfiStfiSt _ Rumeli.

foTikfoTikfoTikfoTik _ goWi.

forforforfor _ obi.

forwuxforwuxforwuxforwux _ maCvi (Pl. Tant.).

forTbesforTbesforTbesforTbes _ moTmena.

forWefesforWefesforWefesforWefes _ daobeba.

fosfosfosfos (sin. mosmosmosmos) _ nagavi.

fof fof fof fof _ Tma.

fofbarifofbarifofbarifofbari (sin. tupaytupaytupaytupayˤ) _ meloti,

TmaCamocvenili.

foflafoflafoflafofla _ banjgvliani, Tmiani.

fulfulfulful _ Tvali; kvanZi (naqsovis,

xaliCis); saTave (mdinaris,

wyarosi).

fulduResfulduResfulduResfulduRes _ Tvaliswema.

fulTaratesfulTaratesfulTaratesfulTarates _ yuradRebis

miqceva.

fulRfulRfulRfulRˤaCaCaCaC _ Tvalebaxveuli,

tvalebafarebuli.

fulyinW fulyinW fulyinW fulyinW _ TvalebdaxuWuli.

furdesfurdesfurdesfurdes _ gadaqceva, CamoSla;

Wkuidan gadasvla; gafrena

(bartyebis).

furfesfurfesfurfesfurfes _ frena, gafrena.

fusakbesfusakbesfusakbesfusakbes _ jvris wera (relig.).

fufufufuˤffff _ wifeli.

fufufufu†t†t†t†tliklikliklik (fofofofo††††tiktiktiktik) _ buTxuzi.

fuSfuSfuSfuSˤaaaa _ komSi.

fuSfuSfuSfuSˤfuSfuSfuSfuSˤ _ filtvi, RviZli.

fuCfuCfuCfuC _ fuWi, uvargisi,

gafuWebuli; gzasacdenili,

avardnili.

fuCikfuCikfuCikfuCik _ stomaqi, CiCaxvi; buSti.

††††

††††alalalal _ mkiTxaoba, marCieloba.

††††alalalalCi Ci Ci Ci _ mkiTxavi.

††††alalalaldes des des des _ qneva, gakvra, moqneva;

motaceba, moparva.

††††„ndndndnd _ ileTi, xerxi.

††††„ndndndndqqqq„r r r r _ moxerxebuli.

††††arfesarfesarfesarfes _ dakvra (mus.);

danarcxeba.

††††„riStriStriStriSt„ _ angelozi.

††††arRaTbesarRaTbesarRaTbesarRaTbes _ dabinaveba.

††††ahamahamahamaham _ niWi, sazrianoba.

††††iiii _ Rvino.

††††ieieieie††††eseseses _ Rvinis Senaxva, Rvinis

daZveleba.

††††il il il il _ spilo.

††††iltiltiltilt„ _ fitili.

††††iqiriqiriqiriqir _ fiqri.

281

††††iqirbesiqirbesiqirbesiqirbes _ dafiqreba.

††††oooo††††otototot _ future, fuRuro.

††††uuuu _ haeri; airi, gazi; sivrce

airisTvis; Seberva; niavi.

††††uesuesuesues _ gaberiloba.

††††urururur _ koJri.

††††ururururtestestestes _ Cacureba, sriali;

asxleta.

††††ururururtetetetevkevkevkevkessss _ dacureba.

††††urutesurutesurutesurutes _ tareba.

††††urufurufurufurufeseseses _ siaruli, seirnoba;

Zebna.

††††štttt _ stvena.

††††uRarauRarauRarauRara _ sawyali, Raribi.

††††uxuxuxuxˤfesfesfesfes _ gaqurdva, gayaCaReba.

††††uÃuÃuÃuÃˤeseseses _ gayvlefa.

qqqq

qaqaqaqa _ mand.

qanoqanoqanoqano _ eg (subst.).

qavTarqavTarqavTarqavTar----qqqqšstistististi _ sulTamxuTavi,

moCveneba, avi suli.

qqqq„llll _ xar-kameCi.

qalaqalaqalaqala _ didi; ufrosi.

qqqq„llll„ _ Tavis qala; kefa.

qalabesqalabesqalabesqalabes _ gazrda.

qalaluRqalaluRqalaluRqalaluR _ ufrosoba.

qalamqalamqalamqalam _ qalamani.

qqqq„llll„mmmm _ kombosto.

qalbabaqalbabaqalbabaqalbaba (qalababaqalababaqalababaqalababa) _ babua.

qalnanaqalnanaqalnanaqalnana (qalananaqalananaqalananaqalanana) _ bebia.

qqqq„lCalCalCalCa _ mamali zaqi.

qamqamqamqam _ nakluli, mcire.

qamasiqamasiqamasiqamasi _ Raribi.

qambes qambes qambes qambes _ mokleba; gamokleba

(maT.).

qaqaqaqaˤmenmenmenmen _ WuWyiani.

qamesqamesqamesqames _ kleba, Semcireba.

qammaqammaqammaqamma _ magdeni.

qqqq„ndirndirndirndir _ Toki.

qanTalqanTalqanTalqanTal _ tlanqi.

qqqq„ÁÁÁÁ _ naWami; qqqq„ÁÁÁÁ----uRuRuRuRˤi i i i _ naWam-

nasvami.

qqqq„ÁixbesÁixbesÁixbesÁixbes _ RamisTeva.

qarqarqarqar _ yru.

qqqq„rrrr„mbesmbesmbesmbes _ gamravleba.

qarxesqarxesqarxesqarxes (ÃarxesÃarxesÃarxesÃarxes) _ cxovreba.

qqqq„sibsibsibsib _ Raribi (ix. qamasiqamasiqamasiqamasi).

qafqafqafqaf _ Cqari, aCqarebuli.

qafesqafesqafesqafes _ aCqareba.

qafqafqafqaf----qafqafqafqaf _ Cqar_Cqara.

qaqaqaqaˤ†††† _ qafi, dorbli.

qaqaqaqa††††testestestes _ moxvedra, Sexvedra.

qaRqaRqaRqaRÊzzzz _ qaRaldi.

qaCqaCqaCqaCˤ _ xrami, Txrili; xevi, xeoba.

qaCqaCqaCqaCˤfunfunfunfun _ Txrili, mRvime,

gamoqvabuli.

282

qajqajqajqajšrrrr„ _ magnairi.

qeqeqeqe _ xolme.

qemqemqemqemšrrrr (qqqq”mmmmšrrrr) _ naxSiri.

qenqenqenqen _ niori.

qeqeqeqe††††besbesbesbes _ qeifoba, wveuleba.

qeqqeqqeqqeq (qqqq”qqqq) _ msuqani, Cafskvnili.

qejeqejeqejeqeje _ mJave.

qejun qejun qejun qejun _ tylapi.

qizqizqizqiz _ Teqa.

qirqirqirqir„jjjj _ kiri.

qirmiSbesqirmiSbesqirmiSbesqirmiSbes _ SekuCeba, dalageba.

qisqisqisqis„kkkk _ qisa, jibe.

qiSqiSqiSqiS _ Tlili.

qiStesqiStesqiStesqiStes _ dafrTxoba.

qiSfesqiSfesqiSfesqiSfes _ gaTla.

qqqq”bbbb„rrrr _ borcvi.

qqqq”TTTT„nnnn _ guTani.

qqqq”TikTikTikTik _ mori.

qolqolqolqol _ buCqi.

qolqolqolqol----qoluRqoluRqoluRqoluR, qolqolqolqol----qociqociqociqoci _

buCqnari.

qoÁqoÁqoÁqoÁ _ saxelo.

qorqorqorqor _ mase, magre.

qosumqosumqosumqosum (sin. godorgodorgodorgodor) _ godori.

qqqq”fitfitfitfit _ Clungi.

qqqq”qqqq _ msuqani; jiSi.

qoqoqoqoˤqnikqnikqnikqnik (ÃÃÃÃˤoxnikoxnikoxnikoxnik) _ idayvi.

qoSqoSqoSqoSˤmotmotmotmot _ daClungebuli.

qojqojqojqojˤ _ Zneli, miuwvdomeli.

qulqulqulqul _ xeli.

qqqqšlag lag lag lag _ qari.

qulbak qulbak qulbak qulbak _ parki (abreSumis Wiis).

quldesquldesquldesquldes _ xelis xleba.

qulTatesqulTatesqulTatesqulTates _ xelSewyoba.

qqqqšllll††††„TTTT _ ojaxis wevrebi.

qulqebiyesqulqebiyesqulqebiyesqulqebiyes _ xelis CamorTmeva.

qqqqšndndndndšrrrrškkkk _ sakmeli.

qqqqšnjnjnjnj _ kuTxe.

qurqurqurqur _ ormo, qvabuli.

qqqqšrrrr _ celqi, Seupovari.

quqla quqla quqla quqla _ bewvebiani.

quSquSquSquSˤtiktiktiktik _ sartyeli.

quSton quSton quSton quSton (sin. xaCparazxaCparazxaCparazxaCparaz, xaSparazxaSparazxaSparazxaSparaz)

_ qristiani.

RRRR

RRRRˤalfesalfesalfesalfes, RRRRˤolfesolfesolfesolfes _ amolafva

(wumfeSi).

RanZilRanZilRanZilRanZil (RanzilRanzilRanzilRanzil) _ RanZili.

RaÁnRaÁnRaÁnRaÁn _ basri, galesili.

RaÁnRaÁnRaÁnRaÁnaaaa _ yvavi.

RRRRarararar _ vaJi, biWi.

RarRaÁnRarRaÁnRarRaÁnRarRaÁn _ vaJkaci; uSiSari;

medgari.

RRRRˤaRaRaRaRˤafesafesafesafes _ yayani.

RRRRˤaCaCaCaC _ Sekruli; fuTa.

RRRRˤaCfesaCfesaCfesaCfes _ Sekvra.

ReReReRe _ dRes (adv.).

RennaxRennaxRennaxRennax (RibaRiRibaRiRibaRiRibaRi) _ yoveldRiurad.

283

RiRiRiRi _ dRe.

RirxoxRirxoxRirxoxRirxox, RiruxRiruxRiruxRirux _ marxvis dReebi.

RiWurdiRiWurdiRiWurdiRiWurdi _ dRegamoSvebiT.

RRRRˤol ol ol ol (gggg”llll, gelgelgelgel) _ wumfe.

RRRRˤolfesolfesolfesolfes _ amolumpva,

amogangvla, mtverSi amosvra.

RoRRoRRoRRoR _ tyemali.

RunRulRunRulRunRulRunRul _ krazana.

RuÁRuÁRuÁRuÁ _ msxvili, sqeli.

RuÁbesRuÁbesRuÁbesRuÁbes _ mosuliereba,

gamococxleba.

RuraRuraRuraRura _ ekala.

Rurumifes Rurumifes Rurumifes Rurumifes _ Rrena.

RusmeRusmeRusmeRusme _ yveli.

RujaRujaRujaRuja (RijaRijaRijaRija) _ anwli.

yyyy

yayayaya _ oci.

yyyy„bbbb _ yalbi.

yadaRayadaRayadaRayadaRa, yada yada yada yada _ sasjeli, wameba.

yazyazyazyaz _ bati.

yazanjyazanjyazanjyazanj _ Semosavali.

yazyazyazyazÊllll _ boZi.

yaTyaTyaTyaT _ nakeci; kuTxe; Sualedi;

drois monakveTi; raimes

kompleqti (mag. Tansacmlis erTi

xeli).

yaTbesyaTbesyaTbesyaTbes _ dakecva, gadakecva.

yaTbiyaTbiyaTbiyaTbi _ dakecili, gadakecili.

yaTiyaTiyaTiyaTi _ SuaSi, Soris.

yaTiryaTiryaTiryaTir _ jorcxena.

yairyairyairyair _ kristali.

yalayalayalayala _ cixe-simagre; satusaRo,

sapatimro.

yyyy„llll„TbesTbesTbesTbes _ xulignoba,

danaSauli.

yyyy„llll„mmmm _ kalami, sanamyene kvirTi.

yalaÁyalaÁyalaÁyalaÁ _ kala.

yamCayamCayamCayamCa _ maTraxi.

yanajaRluyanajaRluyanajaRluyanajaRlu _ darbaiseli,

sandomiani, gamoCenili.

yandaRyandaRyandaRyandaR _ Txrili, sangari,

naprali.

yandirmiSbesyandirmiSbesyandirmiSbesyandirmiSbes _ Cagoneba.

yyyyˤanwanwanwanw _ yanwi.

yaÁayaÁayaÁayaÁa _ klde, SiSveli mwvervali.

yaÁnyaÁnyaÁnyaÁn _ colis Zma.

yaÁnbabayaÁnbabayaÁnbabayaÁnbaba _ simamri.

yariyariyariyari _ mSrali, xmeli, gamxmari.

yaribesyaribesyaribesyaribes _ gaSroba.

yarmaRyarmaRyarmaRyarmaR _ kavi, Cangali, ankesi.

yarRodaliyarRodaliyarRodaliyarRodali _ simindi.

yastbesyastbesyastbesyastbes _ gajiuteba.

yafaRyafaRyafaRyafaR _ saxuravi.

yaftesyaftesyaftesyaftes _ waTaqeba, TxleSa.

yyyyˤayayayayˤaesaesaesaes _ xrCoba, daxrCoba

(sakuTari).

yyyyˤayayayayˤafesafesafesafes _ xrCoba, daxrCoba

(sxvisi).

yyyyˤayayayayˤafunafunafunafun _ erbo-kvercxi.

yaCiyaCiyaCiyaCi _ makrateli.

284

yaW yaW yaW yaW _ viwro.

yyyyˤaWaWaWaW _ tkivili.

yaWbesyaWbesyaWbesyaWbes (yaWfesyaWfesyaWfesyaWfes) _ Wyletva,

dawnexva.

yyyyˤaWfesaWfesaWfesaWfes _ tkivili.

yyyyˤaWfiaWfiaWfiaWfi _ natkeni.

yeriyeriyeriyeri _ sxva, ucxo.

yyyyˤiiii _ SiSi.

yyyyˤibajanibajanibajanibajan, yyyyˤibaljanibaljanibaljanibaljan _ mSiSara.

yyyyˤibesibesibesibes _ SiSis SegrZneba.

yyyyˤidestesidestesidestesidestes _ daSineba.

yilyilyilyil _ Txis bewvi; Tevzis fxa.

yyyyˤilanwifesilanwifesilanwifesilanwifes _ wkmutuni.

yyyyˤiluRiluRiluRiluR _ saSiSroeba.

yiTyiTyiTyiT _ nakluli.

yobiyobiyobiyobi _ xrami, kldis piri.

yyyyˤodaodaodaoda _ ku.

yolyolyolyol _ xelmowera, xelwera (sin.

yalyalyalyal, kalkalkalkal).

yolyolyolyolzafeszafeszafeszafes _ xelmowera,

dasturi; SeuRleba, qorwineba

(rituali).

yomyomyomyom _ naTesavi, mogvare.

yonaRyonaRyonaRyonaR, yonaxyonaxyonaxyonax _ stumari.

yonSiyonSiyonSiyonSi _ mezobeli.

yonjayonjayonjayonja _ kona.

yoryoryoryor _ naperwkali.

yyyyˤorororor _ Tiaqariani.

yora yora yora yora _ mkvaxe.

yormiSbesyormiSbesyormiSbesyormiSbes _ moxrakva.

yoruRyoruRyoruRyoruR _ saZovari (Pl. Tant.).

yyyyˤoRotesoRotesoRotesoRotes _ baqiaoba.

yoy yoy yoy yoy _ yeli, sayelo

(Tansacmlis).

yoSalayoSalayoSalayoSala _ orpira.

yoSinyoSinyoSinyoSin, yoSiyoSiyoSiyoSi _ jari, laSqari.

yoCyoCyoCyoC, yoCiyoCiyoCiyoCi _ verZi, yoCi; mjobni,

mZleveli.

yyyyˤowowowow _ kuziani.

yyyyˤowowowow----yyyyˤowowowow _ mokuzuli.

yojayojayojayoja _ beberi.

yojabesyojabesyojabesyojabes _ dabereba.

yojaluRyojaluRyojaluRyojaluR _ sibere.

yuburyuburyuburyubur _ qarqaSi.

yudayudayudayuda _ mzaxali.

yyyyuzeuzeuzeuzeÁÁÁÁ _ Crdili.

yuziyuziyuziyuzi _ batkani.

yuzRunyuzRunyuzRunyuzRun _ arwivi, orbi.

yui yui yui yui _ Cxikvi.

yulyulyulyul _ mxari (anat.).

yuluRyuluRyuluRyuluR _ samsaxuri, samuSao.

SSSS

SSSSaadaadaadaad (SadSadSadSad, SadbaqiSadbaqiSadbaqiSadbaqi) _ aSvebuli,

gaSvebuli, Tavisufali.

SavatSavatSavatSavat _ lamazi, mSvenieri.

SSSSˤal al al al _ Sali, mosasxami (Salis

Zafisagan moqsovili).

SSSSamatamatamatamat _ kvira, SabaTi (Samat RiSamat RiSamat RiSamat Ri).

SSSSˤamkalamkalamkalamkal _ soko; mkvleli.

SSSSˤamfes amfes amfes amfes _ dakvla.

285

SSSS„ÁÁÁÁ _ Sauri.

SSSS„ÁnÁnÁnÁn _ sveli, wyliani.

SSSSˤarfesarfesarfesarfes _ dazelva, dasresa.

SSSSˤaaaa††††taluktaluktaluktaluk _ atami.

SSSS„hhhh„rrrr _ qalaqi.

Sel Sel Sel Sel _ kargi.

Selbes Selbes Selbes Selbes _ mkurnaloba,

gamojamrTeleba; kargad,

xarisxianad Sesruleba.

SelluRSelluRSelluRSelluR _ sikeTe.

SelSelSelSel----SeloSeloSeloSelo _ saukeTeso.

SenoSenoSenoSeno, Sonoonoonoono _ is (Cv. nacval.

subst.).

SeÁSeÁSeÁSeÁ _ sagani, nivTi; siTxe; raime,

raRaca.

SereSereSereSere, SerebaqiSerebaqiSerebaqiSerebaqi _ damWknari,

gamomWknari.

SetaÁ SetaÁ SetaÁ SetaÁ _ misi (kuTvn. nacval.).

SetRoÁSetRoÁSetRoÁSetRoÁ _ maTi (kuTvn. nacval.).

SiTilSiTilSiTilSiTil _ nergi.

SiklamSiklamSiklamSiklam _ xaxvi.

SSSSimSimSimSimS„TTTT _ bza.

SipSipSipSip _ Cumad (adv.).

Sipbaqes Sipbaqes Sipbaqes Sipbaqes _ Cumad yofna; gaCumeba,

dawynareba.

SipSipSipSip----SipSipSipSip _ CumCumela.

SirSirSirSir„ngngngng _ koka.

SiriyiriSiriyiriSiriyiriSiriyiri _ abdaubda.

SitSitSitSit, SitfesSitfesSitfesSitfes _ Cxreka, gamoCxreka.

SitirikSitirikSitirikSitirik _ metiCara.

SiqSiqSiqSiq„TTTT _ saCivari, Civili;

gancxadeba.

SorSorSorSor _ cximmoxdili yveli;

imwams (adv.).

SoRRSoRRSoRRSoRR _ wurwuriT.

SSSS”SSSS _ rto.

SSSSˤueueueue (SSSSˤuveuveuveuve) _ daTvi.

SSSSˤueueueuetttt (SSSSˤuveuveuveuvetttt) _ kama.

SulSulSulSul (sin. TTTTšlqilqilqilqi) _ melia.

SSSSˤumumumum _ puri.

SSSSˤumumumumakakakak _ dedali.

SuSuSuSu _ Rame.

SuSuSuSu? _ vin? SuSuSuSu----SuSuSuSu? vindavin?

SSSSšqqqq _ sinaTle; sxivi.

SSSSšSSSS„ _ mina.

SSSSÊrorororo _ Svria.

CCCC

CalCalCalCal _ Robe.

CCCC„lililili _ Tevzi.

CCCC„nCnCnCnC„nnnn„ _ nisli, burusi.

CCCC„rrrr _ celqi.

CCCC„rrrr„yyyy _ mwvadi.

CCCC„rrrr„yyyybesbesbesbes _ Sewva.

CartkalCartkalCartkalCartkal _ mSvildi.

CafCafCafCaf _ daorTqlili; sokoTi

daavadebuli.

CCCC„ffff _ elami.

286

CafesCafesCafesCafes _ amovleba, gavleba (mag.,

CurCxelis).

CCCC„qmqmqmqm„ _ Ceqma.

CaxCaxCaxCax _ civi, sicive; yinuli.

Caxbiyes Caxbiyes Caxbiyes Caxbiyes _ gaciveba.

CaxfesCaxfesCaxfesCaxfes (CaxbesCaxbesCaxbesCaxbes) _ wvela, mowvela

(Zroxis, kameCis); Zleva,

gamarjveba.

CCCCˤaxfesaxfesaxfesaxfes _ dabijeba, fexis dadgma;

Sedgoma, datkepna.

CeCCeCCeCCeC _ fiWa.

CiglCiglCiglCigl„mmmm„ _ ZonZi.

Cil Cil Cil Cil _ mZivi.

CoCoCoCo, CCCCˤoooo _ saxe, pirsaxe (anat.);

mimarTuleba; naRebi; zedapiri.

CovalCovalCovalCoval _ beRura.

CoktesCoktesCoktesCoktes _ daCoqva.

CoktiCoktiCoktiCokti _ daCoqili, muxl-

moxrili.

ColayColayColayColay _ xeibari.

ColiColiColiColi _ gareT, sxvagan.

CCCCˤollollolloll _ zemoT, zedapirze (adv.).

ColCiColCiColCiColCi _ gadamTieli, ucxo.

CCCCˤomoxomoxomoxomox _ kari, karebi (Pl. Tant.).

CofsaqesCofsaqesCofsaqesCofsaqes _ kenWisyra.

Cubux Cubux Cubux Cubux _ qali, mandilosani (Pl.

Tant.); CubyoxCubyoxCubyoxCubyox (mr.).

CuCuCuCu _ soli.

CCCCˤuuuu, CCCCˤukunukunukunukun _ furTxi.

CCCCšTTTT _ wyvili.

CurCurCurCur _ Zroxa.

CurfesCurfesCurfesCurfes _ dgoma.

CuCuCuCurfirfirfirfi _ mdgomi, fexmdgomela.

CCCCˤuxesuxesuxesuxes _ SeZvroma.

CCCCˤuxtesuxtesuxtesuxtes _ Seyofa, Setenva, SeWra,

SerWoba.

CxarkesCxarkesCxarkesCxarkes _ gadarCena; moTaveba.

cccc

camcamcamcam _ naweri.

cacacacaˤmdesmdesmdesmdes _ dasusxva, daSuSxva.

camescamescamescames _ Cawera.

camfescamfescamfescamfes _ dawera, Cawera.

camficamficamficamfi _ dawerili; Wreli.

JuJuna.

cafescafescafescafes _ gaTibva; caficaficaficafi _

gaTibuli.

caccaccaccac _ ekali.

cacbacacbacacbacacba††††TiTiTiTi _ ekliani,

ekalmoreuli [adgili].

cacbeRcacbeRcacbeRcacbeRˤalalalal _ zRarbi.

ceccecceccec _ CrCili.

cibescibescibescibes _ Camoyra, dayra.

civarcivarcivarcivar _ naleqi.

civaruncivaruncivaruncivarun _ naleqiani amindi.

cilcilcilcil _ Tesli.

cinacinacinacina _ qveviT; dasavleTiT (adv.).

ciriciriciriciri _ Camosuli.

ciesciesciescies _ Camosvla.

ciRalo ciRalo ciRalo ciRalo _ Camomsvleli.

287

cicikcicikcicikcicik _ gvigvini; yvavili;

“Cutyvavila” (daav.).

cunaricunaricunaricunari! _ keTili iyos Tqveni

mobrZaneba!

ZZZZ

ZZZZ bgera udiurSi moSlis pirasaa

misuli: igi sul ramdenime

nasesxeb sityvaSi gvxvdeba da,

amasTan erTad, mas yvela im

sityvaSi fakultaturad zzzz

spiranti enacvleba. udiur enaSi

ZZZZ bgeris moxvedra absolutur

anlautSi ar aris damowmebuli.

wwww

wwwwabulabulabulabul _ wabli.

wawawawaˤvdesvdesvdesvdes _ brWviali, RaJRaJi,

bzinva.

wanwanwanwan _ kurka, Tesli; Wipi (sin.

buqununbuqununbuqununbuqunun).

wanTarowanTarowanTarowanTaro _ qondari.

weTweTweTweT _ zeTi.

wewefes wewefes wewefes wewefes _ gawewva, aCeCva (Tmis,

matylis).

wi wi wi wi _ saxeli; tituli.

wialawialawialawiala _ saxelganTqmuli.

wilwilwilwil _ nakverCxali.

wimeriwimeriwimeriwimeri _ wminda adgili;

RmrTismSoblis saxelze

nakurTxi eklesia; dedaTa

monastery; msxevrpSewirvis

adgili.

windakwindakwindakwindak _ winda.

wirikwirikwirikwirik _ wiwila.

wiwiwiwiˤlampur lampur lampur lampur _ mxali.

wixwixwixwixˤ _ ciyvi.

woroworoworoworo _ naJuri.

worobes worobes worobes worobes _ gawurva.

worokworokworokworok, worokworokworokworok----worok worok worok worok _ wveT-

wveTi.

woroRiworoRiworoRiworoRi _ Camonadeni, naJuri,

CamonaRvenTi.

woRwoRwoRwoRˤ _ galumpuli.

WWWW

WWWW„gigigigi _ gvian.

WakfesWakfesWakfesWakfes _ gamorCeva, cal-calke

warmoCena; garCeva (brinjis,

lobios da a.S.; saqmis); arCeva,

arCevnebi.

WWWWˤakfesakfesakfesakfes _ danayva, daroSva;

darbeva, dabegva.

WalWalWalWal _ mownuli Robe.

WWWW„llll„gggg _ tye, Wala.

WWWW„mecimecimecimeci _ amomWknari.

WWWW„mWmWmWmW„mecimecimecimeci _ gamodarebuli,

gamonaTebuli.

288

WWWW„nnnn„ _ TavaSvebuloba.

WWWW„ÁnÁnÁnÁn _ karaqi, cximi.

WapWapWapWap _ vazi; damaluli; Camqrali.

WapalWapalWapalWapal (sin. CCCC”qilqilqilqil) _ TuTis xe.

WapbesWapbesWapbesWapbes _ damalva, Caqroba.

WapkawfesWapkawfesWapkawfesWapkawfes _ vazis gasxvla.

WapkinWapkinWapkinWapkin _ malulad (adv.).

WapluRWapluRWapluRWapluR _ venaxi.

WadiWadiWadiWadi _ mWadi.

WaR WaR WaR WaR _ nekni.

WWWWˤaWiaWiaWiaWi _ SaSvi.

WaxWaxWaxWax _ mexi.

WebaqesWebaqesWebaqesWebaqes _ gadasvla.

Webaqestes Webaqestes Webaqestes Webaqestes _ gadayvana.

Wevkes Wevkes Wevkes Wevkes _ gagdeba.

WemWemWemWem _ WuWyi.

WemenWemenWemenWemen _ WuWyiani.

WeriWeriWeriWeri _ gamosuli.

WetWetWetWet _ matli.

Wefes Wefes Wefes Wefes _ gamoyra.

WefunWefunWefunWefun _ gamonayari.

WeResWeResWeResWeRes _ gamosvla.

WeWWeWWeWWeW„ _ WaWa.

Wiges Wiges Wiges Wiges _ garekva; tareba, marTva

(manqanis).

WikWikWikWik _ toti, Sto, rto.

WiWifesWiWifesWiWifesWiWifes _ wva.

WorniWorniWorniWorni _ gamxdari.

Wot Wot Wot Wot _ napiri.

WWWWˤoWaoWaoWaoWa _ wiTeli, alisferi.

WWWWˤoWabaqesoWabaqesoWabaqesoWabaqes _ gawiTleba, alewva.

WoWolWoWolWoWolWoWol _ bavSvi, biWi.

WumpalaybesWumpalaybesWumpalaybesWumpalaybes _ Wyumpalaoba.

WumWumWumWum----WuplayWuplayWuplayWuplay _ SiSvel-titveli.

WuplayWuplayWuplayWuplay _ SiSveli, cariel-

tarieli.

WuplaybesWuplaybesWuplaybesWuplaybes _ gaSiSvleba.

WurWurWurWur _ xveuli, daxveuli,

dagrexili.

WurdesWurdesWurdesWurdes _ daxveva.

WurumfesWurumfesWurumfesWurumfes _ dagrexa; gazmorva

(WurumesWurumesWurumesWurumes).

WWWWˤuWufesuWufesuWufesuWufes _ zelva.

xxxx

xxxxaaaa _ matyli.

xxxxˤaaaa _ ZaRli.

xabarxabarxabarxabar _ ambavi.

xabarayesxabarayesxabarayesxabarayes _ SekiTxva.

xabarbesxabarbesxabarbesxabarbes _ Setyobineba.

xazalxazalxazalxazal _ foToli.

xazbes xazbes xazbes xazbes _ daxazva, gaxazva.

xaTaxaTaxaTaxaTa _ xifaTi.

xaTirxaTirxaTirxaTir _ xaTri.

xaTirbesxaTirbesxaTirbesxaTirbes _ daTmoba.

xalaxalaxalaxala _ deida; Cangali, fiwali.

xxxxˤaldesaldesaldesaldes _ coxna.

xalikxalikxalikxalik _ biZa (dedis mxridan).

xamxamxamxam _ gauxedavi,

mouTvinierebeli.

xanaxanaxanaxana _ rcxila.

289

xanCalxanCalxanCalxanCal _ xanjali, basri iaraRi,

orlesuli.

xarabxarabxarabxarab _ fuWi, gafuWebuli;

wamxdari, uxarisxo.

xarabbaqi xarabbaqi xarabbaqi xarabbaqi _ znedacemuli,

namusaxdili.

xxxx„rrrr„bbbb„ _ Sexvedris adgili,

TavSeyris adgili.

xxxx„rrrr„gggg _ grova, zvini.

xarbiyixarbiyixarbiyixarbiyi (ÃarbiyiÃarbiyiÃarbiyiÃarbiyi) _ CaSaqruli.

xarTxarTxarTxarT (ÃarTÃarTÃarTÃarT) _ salesi, saxexi qva.

xarixarixarixari (ÃariÃariÃariÃari) _ fqvili.

xarfesxarfesxarfesxarfes _ gaxexva.

xarfunxarfunxarfunxarfun (ÃarfunÃarfunÃarfunÃarfun) _ nafxveni.

xaxaxaxa††††lulululu _ jiquri.

xaS xaS xaS xaS _ sinaTle, naTeli (relig.);

Tve; mTvare; comis safuari (sin.

aaaaˤÁnÁnÁnÁn); xaSi.

xaSbabaxaSbabaxaSbabaxaSbaba _ naTlimama.

xaSilxaSilxaSilxaSil _ fafa; Romi.

xaSixoxaSixoxaSixoxaSixo----xaSixaSixaSixaSi _ Tvidan-Tvemde.

xaSlaxaSlaxaSlaxaSlamiSbesmiSbesmiSbesmiSbes _ daxarjva,

gaflangva.

xaSbiTesxaSbiTesxaSbiTesxaSbiTes _ gaTeneba.

xaSnanaxaSnanaxaSnanaxaSnana _ naTlideda.

xaSparazxaSparazxaSparazxaSparaz (xaCparazxaCparazxaCparazxaCparaz) _ qristiani;

marTlmadidebeli (v.).

xaStesxaStesxaStesxaStes _ monaTvla.

xaCxaCxaCxaC _ jvari.

xxxxˤaxaxaxaxˤaaaa _ gatexili.

xxxxˤaxaxaxaxˤaaaafesfesfesfes _ gatexva.

xaxxaxxaxxax (xalxxalxxalxxalx) _ xalxi.

xxxx„jjjj„llll„TTTT _ ridi, sircxvili.

xajxajxajxajˤolololol _ joxi.

xexexexe _ wyali.

xebaxebaxebaxeba _ Txevadi.

xebaqesxebaqesxebaqesxebaqes _ dnoba (Tovlis).

xebesxebesxebesxebes _ moneleba, gadnoba.

xegxegxegxeg„rrrr _ wyalgareuli; mRvrie

wyali.

xeÁrxeÁrxeÁrxeÁr _ xeiri.

xellaxxellaxxellaxxellax (xeÁlaxxeÁlaxxeÁlaxxeÁlax) _ SesamCnevad,

blomad.

xelxelxelxel _ tvirTi, tvirTamweoba.

xelbesxelbesxelbesxelbes _ datvirTva, akideba.

xenezaxenezaxenezaxeneza _ mwyurvali.

xibxibxibxib _ sami.

xibSamaTxibSamaTxibSamaTxibSamaT _ samSabaTi.

xibJxibJxibJxibJšrrrr„ _ samnairi.

xinxinxinxin„rrrr _ qaliSvili.

xitikistesxitikistesxitikistesxitikistes _ Ritini.

xo xo xo xo (sin. kakakakaˤ) _ TrTvili, name.

xxxxˤoooo _ curi.

xodxodxodxod _ xe.

xozamandxozamandxozamandxozamand _ maWankali, Suamavali,

qalis mTxovneli.

xonCaxonCaxonCaxonCa _ ZRveni.

xoÁxoÁxoÁxoÁ (n.) _ sagvareulo,

STamomavloba, modgma.

xoragxoragxoragxorag _ cxeli saWmeli.

xorikxorikxorikxorik _ cacxvi.

xoSxoSxoSxoS _ neba.

290

xxxxˤoSbesoSbesoSbesoSbes _ xvewna, Sexveweba.

xxxxˤoSkaroSkaroSkaroSkar _ qato.

xoji xoji xoji xoji _ Crdili.

xunixunixunixuni _ dedali (sin. SSSSˤumakumakumakumak).

xunCixunCixunCixunCi _ da; xunCixunCixunCixunCi----viCiviCiviCiviCi _ da-Zma.

xupxupxupxup (xufxufxufxuf) _ flavi.

xurnikxurnikxurnikxurnik _ xurma.

xuruxuruxuruxuru _ wvrili; xurda.

xurubes xurubes xurubes xurubes _ damtvreva, gatexva;

daxurdaveba (fulis).

xurufes xurufes xurufes xurufes _ xvrinva.

xurxurxurxur----xuruxuruxuruxuru _ wvril-wvrili.

ÃÃÃÃ

ÃabunÃabunÃabunÃabun _ varsklavi, ciuri

mnaTobi.

ÃÃÃÃaldes aldes aldes aldes _ coxna.

ÃÃÃÃaÁ aÁ aÁ aÁ _ Ria, gaxsnili, gaSlili.

ÃÃÃÃaÁaqes aÁaqes aÁaqes aÁaqes _ mibruneba, ukan

wamosvla.

ÃÃÃÃaÁes aÁes aÁes aÁes _ gaSla, gaSiSvleba.

ÃÃÃÃaÁun aÁun aÁun aÁun _ SiSveli adgili.

ÃÃÃÃaÁfes aÁfes aÁfes aÁfes _ gaReba, gaxsna.

ÃÃÃÃaÁaÁaÁaÁ----ÃÃÃÃaÁes aÁes aÁes aÁes _ gadawmenda (cis).

ÃÃÃÃar ar ar ar _ nafxveni, fxvnili.

ÃÃÃÃarbiyi arbiyi arbiyi arbiyi _ CaSaqruli (ix.

xarbiyixarbiyixarbiyixarbiyi).

ÃÃÃÃarbuz arbuz arbuz arbuz (yarfuzyarfuzyarfuzyarfuz) _ sazamTvro.

ÃÃÃÃarT arT arT arT _ salesavi qva (ix. xarTxarTxarTxarT).

ÃÃÃÃari ari ari ari _ fqvili (ix. xari).

ÃÃÃÃarfes arfes arfes arfes (sin. xarfesxarfesxarfesxarfes) _ qlibva,

kawvra, Rarva, xexva.

ÃÃÃÃarx arx arx arx (CarxCarxCarxCarx) _ Carxi.

ÃÃÃÃarxes arxes arxes arxes _ cxovreba (ix. qarxesqarxesqarxesqarxes).

ÃÃÃÃaRaRaRaRÊz z z z _ qaRaldi.

ÃÃÃÃaC aC aC aC (sin. xaSxaSxaSxaS) _ mTvare.

ÃÃÃÃˤaSfes aSfes aSfes aSfes _ kbena, kbeCa.

ÃÃÃÃela ela ela ela _ make, fexmZime.

ÃÃÃÃˤiiii, ÃÃÃÃˤio io io io _ naxevari.

ÃÃÃÃˤibi ibi ibi ibi _ gapobili, gaCexili.

ÃÃÃÃˤibes ibes ibes ibes _ gapoba, gaCexva.

ÃÃÃÃo o o o _ xuTi.

ÃÃÃÃˤol ol ol ol _ qerqi, tyavi, qani.

ÃÃÃÃˤoloR _ oloR _ oloR _ oloR _ Sarvali, tanisamosi.

ÃÃÃÃoS oS oS oS _ ukan.

ÃÃÃÃoSamaT oSamaT oSamaT oSamaT _ xuTSabaTi.

ÃÃÃÃoxla oxla oxla oxla _ kvercxi.

ÃÃÃÃˤox ox ox ox (ÃÃÃÃˤooooÃÃÃÃ) _ xvela.

ÃÃÃÃˤoxnik oxnik oxnik oxnik _ idayvi.

ÃÃÃÃˤoxfes oxfes oxfes oxfes (ÃÃÃÃˤooooÃÃÃÃfesfesfesfes) _ xveleba.

ÃÃÃÃul ul ul ul (yulyulyulyul) _ barZayi, kiduri,

mxari.

ÃÃÃÃur ur ur ur _ Wiri, laxvari.

jjjj

jaanjaanjaanjaan! _ icocxle! Wirime!

jadujadujadujadu _ jado; hipnozi, Segoneba.

jadubesjadubesjadubesjadubes _ moxiblva.

jalaRbes jalaRbes jalaRbes jalaRbes _ gadabma.

jalaRbijalaRbijalaRbijalaRbi _ gadabmuli.

291

jalRajalRajalRajalRa _ damynobili; namyeni

nergi.

jalRabesjalRabesjalRabesjalRabes _ damynoba.

janavarjanavarjanavarjanavar (sin. ulululul) _ mgeli.

janlujanlujanlujanlu _ janiani, Ronieri.

jansuzjansuzjansuzjansuz _ dasustebuli, uRono.

jaresjaresjaresjares _ wva, xrakva, dasusxva.

jardes jardes jardes jardes _ mowva, motrusva,

dasusxva.

jjjj„rjirjirjirji _ jagi.

jahmaTjahmaTjahmaTjahmaT _ xalxi, kreba,

samsjavro.

jjjj„hilhilhilhil _ norCi, axalgazrda,

mozardi, ymawvili.

jeÁzjeÁzjeÁzjeÁz _ mziTvi.

jejer jejer jejer jejer _ tuCi.

jigjigjigjig„rrrr _ gul-RviZli, axlobeli,

ganuyofeli.

jjjjilililil„gggg _ modgma.

jirjirjirjir _ TviTnabadi (bunebrivi

warmoSobis).

jirtatjirtatjirtatjirtat _ kela.

jirRoRjirRoRjirRoRjirRoR (RoRRoRRoRRoR) _ tyemali.

jihir jihir jihir jihir (jjjjšhhhhšrrrr) _ Sveli.

jokjokjokjok _ calke.

jokjokjokjok----jokjokjokjok _ cal-calke, nawil-

nawil, nakuw-nakuw.

jokbaqesjokbaqesjokbaqesjokbaqes _ gamoyofa.

jokbesjokbesjokbesjokbes _ gayofa, dayofa.

kolakkolakkolakkolak _ oboba.

jubjubjubjub (jumjumjumjum, jebjebjebjeb) _ jibe.

jjjjšrrrr„bbbb„jjjjšrrrr„ _ nair-nairi.

juutjuutjuutjuut (juudjuudjuudjuud) _ iuda; iudeveli,

ebraeli; jiuti.

jufesjufesjufesjufes _ gadaxtoma.

jjjjÊnjnjnjnjÊRRRR _ Seuvali.

hhhh

haburhaburhaburhabur _ zrdiloba, Rirseba.

havahavahavahava _ haeri, klimati, hava.

havalabaqeshavalabaqeshavalabaqeshavalabaqes _ daZgereba.

havaluhavaluhavaluhavalu _ Tavqariani; agresiuli.

hhhh„vgvgvgvg„ _ xurjini.

hhhh„veWveWveWveW _ qinZi.

hazarhazarhazarhazar _ aTasi.

hhhh„zirzirzirzir _ gamzadebuli.

hhhh„zirbeszirbeszirbeszirbes _ momzadeba.

hhhh„zirzirzirzirelelelel _ yoCaRi, cocxali,

mkvircxli, momzadebuli.

halhalhalhal _ suli, pulsi.

halahalahalahala (hhhh„llll„) _ jer, kidev.

halaqihalaqihalaqihalaqi _ jerjerobiT, jer

kidev.

hamhamhamham _ Tanac.

hambalhambalhambalhambal _ mona.

hambar hambar hambar hambar _ grova.

hamerhamerhamerhamer _ ase, egre.

hammaSahammaSahammaSahammaSa (hhhh„mmmmmmmm„SSSS„) _ yovelTvis,

sul, mudmivad.

hanjalhanjalhanjalhanjal _ mudam.

292

haÁbazhaÁbazhaÁbazhaÁbaz _ mareki.

haÁhaÁhaÁhaÁ----haraÁharaÁharaÁharaÁ _ naucbaTevi.

harharharhar _ yoveli, nebismieri.

hhhh„rrrr„mmmm„ _ irgvliv, yovelmxriv.

haraÁharaÁharaÁharaÁ _ yvirili; haraÁharaÁharaÁharaÁ----huraÁhuraÁhuraÁhuraÁ _

yiJina.

hhhh„rrrr„qqqq„TTTT _ CoCqoli, aCqareba.

hhhh„rbrbrbrb„ _ muqara.

harsaharsaharsaharsa _ TiToeuli.

harsajharsajharsajharsajšrrrr„ _ yovelnairi.

hhhh„sirsirsirsir„TTTT _ natruli.

hasohasohasohaso _ Rrubeli.

hatehatehatehate _ is.

haterhaterhaterhater _ ise.

haqahaqahaqahaqa _ mand, emand.

haqanohaqanohaqanohaqano _ eg (subst.).

haqor haqor haqor haqor _ mase, magre, mag gziT

(adv.).

hayhayhayhayÊllll _ Wkua, mosazreba.

hayuluhayuluhayuluhayulu _ sazriani, Wkviani,

niWieri.

haSonohaSonohaSonohaSono _ ager is, is.

hahahahaSorSorSorSor _ is era, sxvaTa Soris;

ufasod.

haChaChaChaCˤ _ girCa.

haCahaCahaCahaCa _ boZi, sari.

haCalahaCalahaCalahaCala _ Sampuri.

haCarhaCarhaCarhaCar _ gasaRebi.

haÃhaÃhaÃhaÃ _ gadasaxadi, xarki;

tyvilubralod, gaumarTleblad

(sin. nahaÃnahaÃnahaÃnahaÃ).

hajanhajanhajanhajan! _ batono! genacvale!

he he he he _ raRaca.

hesabhesabhesabhesab _ angariSi; hesabbeshesabbeshesabbeshesabbes _

gaangariSeba.

heWheWheWheW (heCheCheCheC) _ uimedo cda.

hinthinthinthint _ indauri.

houz houz houz houz _ Wa (wylis).

hhhh”qmqmqmqm„TTTT _ saxelmwifo.

hhhhÊrrrrÊppppÊtiktiktiktik _ Worikana.

Documents

roman loluaice.ge/new/pages/samples/books/cavcas/6_r_lolua_udiuri... · 2011-03-04 · roman lolua u d i u r i e n a u d i u r i e n a (gramatikuli analizi, teqstebi, leqsikoni) TbilisiTbilisi