Grammar Bulgarian, ФОРМАЛНА ГРАМАТИКА НА БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ЕЗИК Петя Осенова Кирил Симов

, , 2007

, () . , , , , , , 2001 2004 . , , 15 000 . , -21++ . -21++ .

- , . . . . ( ) , .

- .. . . 20 20 , . , (), 6- 7- . ( 2002 . ) ( 2007 2008 .).

ISBN 978-954-92148-2-6

1 .............................................................................................................. 5 2

........................................ 7 2.1 10 2.2 13 2.3 13

3 ........... 22

4 ............................................................................ 304.1 314.2 394.3 404.4 414.5 414.6 424.7 434.8

, 444.9 444.10 454.11 464.12 474.13 474.14 (typ shiftig) 47

5 ( ) ........................................................ 505.1 - VPC 51 5.2 - VPS 575.3 - VP 595.4 - VPF 625.5 63

6 ( ) .................................................. 716.1 - NPC 736.2 - NPA 746.3 76

7 ( ) ................................ 817.1 - APC 817.2 - APA 82

8 ( ) .................................... 848.1 - AdvPC 848.2 - AdvPA 85

9 ............................................................................... 86 9.1 - PP(C) 869.2 - PP() 89

10 .................................................................. 91

11 .................................................................... 96 11.1 97 11.2 101

12 ......................................................................... 103

13 .................................................................................. 111

14 ....................................................................................... 113

........................................................................ 114

1 ........................................................................................ 116

2 ........................................................................................ 118

(2001-2004)1. , , .

- . : , , , , , ..

, - . . , , , . - , , .

- () , .. . . , , . , - . , / .

, -. 60- . - , , , , . , 1984 . . , ( ), . - 1984 .

.. -2, . 1 Cp ith Nt d giig Sists i Ct d Cp ith Nt d giig Sists i Ct d st p , , /76 887. , , /76 887. , , /76 887. , , /76 887., , /76 887., , /76 887., , /76 887., , /76 887., /76 887.2 : Hd-div Phs Stt Gmm. v Sg C Pd.

1

, . , - . , - .

, , , - . , .

( ) . . - .

* * *

- . - . , .

, . : . , - -, , , - , -; , - , .

, . : , , , , .

, 2005 . . . : . , . , ... . , . , . .

... . , . , . -, .

, !

S21++, - NCO-C-2005-016639, .

2007

() (Hd-div Phs Stt Gmm . (Pd d Sg 1994)).

, , . - . - . ( ) - . , , . . - (. - ). - , , , . . - , . - , . . -, , , , . - (reentrance structure sharing). -, - , , - . , , .

, -. , V = {

1,

2,

3,

}

() , V, - () . , , , (), , ().

2

, .

,,,.

, . . . , . - . , . , . , - . (, ), , , , . , . - , . , . - , - - . . , :

. -. . , b b ( ) a. ( ) . . , . , . , .

g

kk

ff

ff

hh

m

q

g

m

q

C

BB

BB

A

AA

A

CC C

. - . .

. - - , C ; , , . . . .

A

BA

B

B

B

B

BA

AAAA

AAA

AA

A

A

B

B

B

B

B

A

A

A

A

A

A A

AA

AB

C

C C

C

C

C C

CCC

C

C

10

-, , -, , - . . - , , . , . . , , , - .

. - , , , (- ) . . -, ( , ). . , . , T, (), T. , T. , .. , , - -. , . : ( - type), -, ( FEAT). : FEAT: type, FEAT ( ft) type . - , , . , -. ( ) . . , , -. - , . :

2.1

11

root FEAT-A : type1 FEAT-B : type2 type1 type2 FEAT-B : type4 FEAT-C : type2 type4 type5 type3

(root, type1, type2, type3, type4, type5) (FEAT-A, FEAT-B, FEAT-C). root : FEAT-A FEAT-B. type1 type2. root : type1, type2 type3. , root. type2 FEAT-C FEAT-B, type4. type2 : type4 type5. type2 : FEAT-A, FEAT-B FEAT-C. - . type1, type3, type4 type5 - , , , , , .

- . . , ( ) , . - . , . , , , , :

3 R , R(x,y) R(y,z) R(x,z).

type 1type 4

type 5

FEAT-C

FEAT-B

FEAT-C

FEAT-B

FEAT-BFEAT-A

FEAT-A

FEAT-A

12

( ) type1, type4 type5 ( ). - . type1 . - . , FEAT-B, type1, type5, type5 - type1. type1 FEAT-B , type5 type2. - . - . . - (AVM). - -. . , - . (1) , , , ; (2) -- , . , , , , type4:

type4

type1 FEAT-A [1] FEAT-A [1] [ FEAT-B [2] ]

[3] FEAT-B [3]

type5

FEAT-A [1] FEAT-C [2] FEAT-B [3] [ FEAT-C [2] ] , . - [1], [2] [3] / . , FEAT-A FEAT-C:FEAT-A , .. .

13

- -. (, -), . :

A B

A , () , , , . - , - , , - . : , A, . . - . , - , , - . :

A B [ ] [ ]

A / . - .

, , - , 4 .

( ) : -, .

(. -) -- . , - (). -4 , .

2.3

2.2

14

-, .. - , .

-. , - .

, () . , , , . - , . . - .

-. , .

sign. , - - , . - : - (word) (phrase). - , . sign. ( -): ( PHON) - ( SYNSEM). PHON , SYNSEM , , . (- CATEGORY), ( CONTENT) ( CONTEXT). (- CATEGORY) ( -): ( HEAD) ( VAL . vy). HEAD .

1

, , , . - HEAD - . ( VAL) 5 ( ( COMPS) ( SUBJ)) . - , .. ( ARG-ST . gmt stt). , . - . -, . . , , :

word ARG-ST

SUBJ VAL

[ [ COMPS ] ] NPnom NPacc - -, - ( SYNSEM) , (nominative), (accusative). - [1] [2] . , . , - .

word ARG-ST

SUBJ < > VAL

[ [ COMPS ] ] word

ARG-ST SUBJ < > VAL

[ [ COMPS < > ] ]5 ( ) -. .

1

, - . , . , .

- ( DTRS . dghts). () ( - ). DTRS . - : - (headed-phrase) (non-headed-phrase). . - : - (head-complement), ( ) (- ); - (head-adjunct), - ( ); - (head-subject), (- ); - (head-filler), - , , ( ).

, . :

sign PHON : phonlist SYNSEM : synsem word ARG-ST : list(synsem) phrase DTRS : con-struc

, phonlist , . synsem - . - - -. con-struc .

, -, - con-struc ( constituent structure), . :

, () .

1

con-struc headed-phrase

HEAD-DTR : signCOMP-DTRS : list-of-phrases head-complement HEAD-DTR : word COMP-DTRS : non-empty-list-of-phrases head-subject HEAD-DTR : phrase SUBJ-DTR : phrase COMP-DTRS : empty-list head-adjunct HEAD-DTR : phrase ADJUNCT-DTR : phrase COMP-DTRS : empty-list head-filler HEAD-DTR : phrase FILLER-DTR : phrase COMP-DTRS : empty-list

non-headed-phrase coordination-phrase CONJ-DTRS : set(sign) CONJUNCTION-DTR : word

headed-phrase ( HEAD-DTR), sign - ( COMP-DTRS), . . head-complement , - ( word) , . headed-phrase : HEAD-DTR , , COMP-DTRS - , , -. , (. -). - . -, . (non-headed-phrase) coordination-phrase. : CONJ-DTRS (set(sign)) CONJUNCTION-DTR (word).

1

, head. , . - MOD ( mdifi, ), . -. :

head substantive (subst)

PRD : boolean MOD : mod-synsem

noun CASE : case verb

VFORM : vform AUX : boolean INV : boolean adj adv prep PFORM : pform

. - ( phs NP), (vb phs VP), (djv phs AP), (dvbi phs AdvP) (ppsi phs PP). - subst: PRD ( predicative, ), , , MOD, .

, , . - (Pd d Sg 1994).

. - .

(Head Feature Principle (HFP)):

( headed-phrase) HEAD - HEAD .

1

- , (-, -, - ..) - . :

headed-phrase SYNSEM||HEAD [1] [ ] [ DTRS|HEAD-DTR|SYNSEM||HEAD [1] ]

, - . SYNSEM||HEAD - . , ( ) headed-phrase, (, , ).

(Valence Principle (VALP)):

- VF ( - SUBJ COMP) VF , synsem , SYNSEM .

- . , ( ) . , - , - -. ( ). . . , - - . - [1], 7. , . . .

head-complement SYNSEM||VAL|COMPS DTRS|COMP-DTRS||SYNSEM [1] [ ] [ DTRS|HEAD-DTR| |VAL|COMPS [1] ]

7 .

20

:

(Head-Adjunct Principle (AdjunctP)):

- - MOD - SYNSEM .

, MOD . - . :

head-adjunct DTRS|HEAD-DTR|SYNSEM [1] [ ] [ DTRS|ADJUNCT-DTR|SYNSEM||MOD [1] ]

MOD SYNSEM , -- .

(Semantic Principle (SemP)):

CONTENT CONTENT .

. , -, .

, , - , - . . .

, , - head-filler:

(Head-Filler Principle (FillerP)):

DTRS, head-filler, SLASH - LOCAL - . SLASH

21

SLASH - LOCAL - .

, -. - . - LOCAL -, .. SLASH , . SLASH . , - SLASH, .

. , -, . , - , -. .

- . (). - . - , .

- . , - , . , , - , - . , . - .

22

, . - , - sign , , -.

, , :

. -, DTRS, . , .

. . - . -, - . VP, NP, AP, PP, AdvP.

. - . NPA, A - -, VPC, C -.

. . .

8. -, . , , - . , .

. . . -.

8 , .

3

23

- . . - , . .

:

. word (-). , -, , . : N, V, Prep , , . - .

. ( - (head-complement), - (head-adjunct)), ( , ..). . , VPA - ( VPA(djunct)) NPC - ( NPC(omplement)).

. , - , . , (), CLDA - -, Pragmatic ..

. - , - .

. .

, . - . . - . - . . . . :

24

:

: Pron , T , V N . , , , . , ( T), - ( Pron) ( V). pro-ss. .

:

. - , - . : VPC , -; V CLDA; VPS , - VPC NPA; NPA - N Pron. , - , ; CoordP , , - .

2

- , . - , . . - .

:

: S - CoordP, , -; CLDA, -. -; ConjArg, - ; Conj, - .

. -, , , , . - . .:

2

(.. pro-ss) (.). - , - . , ( - -). : NPA, VPS, VPA, VPC VPA. (NPA) - . - , . . - VPS, , NPA . (Adv), 9. VPS VPA. VPA . CLQ. - - (VPC). VPC - VPA. S . . - . pro-ss. - - .

- , . - . . . - - . , , . , ( ) ( ) . , : . , . VPA, , , 9 - .

2

, . . VPS, , , , . , VPC - , . , (VPC, VPS VPA) . , , - - . , - - . , .

:

-.

-. , .

- . . - . : , , , - . , , , .

.

.

:

2

, . .

( - DiscA). , - - - . - , , . , - ::

2

, DiscA nid ( non immediate dominance), - . nid - , .

( DiscM). , (- ) . - , . DiscM, id . . :

( - DiscE). , , - . PP - . - DiscE, VPF ( ).

- , nid - - , - .

.

30

10 (.. (word)). : 1:1. , - . , : - -. , , - . / , , , . : , (. . mds), . . . - . , - , - ( ).

, , .. . - , .

. 11. : (V), (Participle), (Gerund), (N), (Pron), (A), (M), (H), (Adv), (C), (Prep), (T) (I).

, , - . -

10 - . . (Sg t. 2003, p. 229) (sig) (xpssi). - , - - (sysm), : (xpssi) (xm). (xpssi) (d) (phs). , (Pd d Sg 1994).11 , - - 10 .

4

31

- . -- ( , . tgs). , 12, . , , . , , (%) (#). , . % ( ), # ( ) . - V%%%f# , . , , - . - . ( 2007).

(V) , , ( , -, .) (). - (V) -- : V%%%f#, V%%%z#, Tv, V , T , f , v , z -. , :

( ) , ( ), ( ! ) ( , .). , ., 13 - (V). 12 .btb.g.btb.g13 . , .

4.1

32

, - , - .

, .. -. : 14, ; ; . .

( - Ppxla) (- - Ppxld) , - , (. * ). - , . :

- - . . - 3 ., . ., .

14 . . ( , ), ( ) - , .

- , - ( - ) - , . . .

33

() () . , , , . - . , - -. - : , , ( 3 ., . .), - . , : - , , , , , , , - , , , , , , , . , . , , (ARG-ST). - , . . , . , . . , - , .

, . , . (. - ( 2002; 2005)). - . - (- ), (. - : ?). :

34

, . - :

, - , (. -). :

- - . - - - . , .. (flt stt) , . . - , . ( ). - .

3

- . - - (. - - ( 2004)). - - (Cst gmm), , - . : - ( Ta) ( Tx). . - - . , - +. . . --. , -, -, / 15. , - , . , ! - -. , , .. . , .

. - , - . .. --. :

- ( ). 15 : , .

3

, 1 ., .. ( 1 3) - , 3 ., .. ( 2) .

, -. .. - , :

3

, . - .

- ( Tx). ( ) ( ). , . ( 1) , -, , , , , * ( 2). -, , . , - . - , - (. - ).

( ) ( ). , ,

, .. , , . --. . -, ..

3

. , -- , .. - . , 9 , . ( 2007, . 8, 204-220). , - -. , , (- . ). , , .

, . , . , (- ). .

. (disity) , , , . - - . , , -, - :

3

(pro-dropness)

. . -, . - pro-ss . . - , . 16:

(Participle) . (Participle), - : V%%%c#, V , c - . - , :16 . - .

, , - . ... .

, - (. ( )) ).

4.2

40

, , . -, . , , , . : , - (. ). :

( - ) -. (). .

(Gerund) . - Gerund, : V%%%g V -, g . - :

, .

4.3

41

, . - . ( ( 1998, . 609)) , 17.

(N) ( , , -). N, -- : N#, N - . , :

, ( -). ( ) ( , . -). - , -, N.

(Pron) , ( - , , ). , , , . , , 17 , - , - . . , , . ( . -.)

4.

4.4

42

. ( 1986). : , - . . 18. (Pron), - : Pp#, Pde#, Pre#, Pce#, Pie#, Pfe#, Pne#, Psot#, Pszt#, Psxt# P , p , d , r , c , i , f , n -, s , e ( ), o , x - , z -, t . :

- , . . - .

(A) - , . - (A), : A#, Pda#, Pra#, Prp#, Pca#, Pcq#, Pia#, Pip#, Pfa#, Pfp#, Pna#, Pnp#, Psol#, Pszl#, Psxl#, A , P , a - , c , d , f , i - , l , n -18 , , , . . - Pron, - A, - Adv. , , .

4.

43

, o , p , q , r -, s , x , z . :

- . - . . .

(M) -, . -, (. ). - M, : M#, M . :

, - . - . - . . - . , : 30, 3.14159, 2001, 1994-1996, 1,72, 30 000, 18:23; 7-; XII.

4.

44

,

- . : - -, . (H) - . , , . - H, : H#, H . :

H, - (. - , : ). - , .

(Adv) , (-, , ). Adv, : D#, Pd%, Pr%, Pc%, Pi%, Pf%, Pfq#, Pfy#, Pn%, D , P , c - , d , f - , i , n , q , r - , y . - :

4.

4.

4

. - . . . , . : , , , , , .

(C) - . C, : C#, C . , . :

: ( 1 2) ( 3 4); ( 1 4) ( 2 3).

, : , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 19.

, - . + ( , ), + ( , , ), ( , , ). . , - , . , . . , + -, : ...

19 : . , . .

4.10

4

, , : * . , , - , . . , , .

(Prep) - . Prep, - - : R, R . , . - :

, - . : - + ( ), + + ( ), + ( ).

- , - : , , , , , , , - , , , , , , , , , , , - . , -, . , + - . , , - , . , , , , - . - : [PP [NPA [PP ]]]. - : *[PP [NPA [PP ]]], , (= ) - - . , - . - , .

4.11

4

- .

(T) . (T), : T#, T -. (, . . ). , . , -. - :

(I) . (I), -. :

: , , . - , , .

(type shifting)

- : - , , -, 20 (Pstjvsy 1995, p. 59). , : , , . 3 : , -.

20 . . . .

4.12

4.13

4.14

4

- , . , , . -, , , . Subst. :

. , (. ) - (. - , ). - . : ( ). - , . , - .

21

, , . , - , - . Nomin.

21 , - -, . . . .

4

, , . - , . - . , , Verbalized. :

. - , , . , - . . ! !

( ) , ( ):

0

( )

V : - VPC(omplement), - VPS(subject), - VPA(djunct) - VPF(iller). - . , : - - -. . .

, - . VPC VPS . VPA , MOD . VPF . - - . [i ] [j ] [i ] [j ]. , . - . , 22. .

word word PHON < , , > PHON < > ARG-ST [] [] SUBJ SUBJ VAL VAL [COMPS ] [ COMPS ]

CLIT < [4]sm3, [5]sf3 > CLIT < >

22 , , .

1

. , , CLIT. , , PHON . [4] [5].

- .

- VPC

VPC -. . - : V, Participle, V-lip, VD-lip, CoordP23 Verbalised. V, Participle Verbalised -. , , - (. , -, , -). V-elip, VD-elip , - . , . : , - , , , , - . - . , , 24. VPC , .

25. VPC nid . -23 CoordP , . , . , .24 , . : , ( ) , , , , - -. . . . (=). . . 25 , .

.1

2

, , . . DiscA , , Pragmatic , . . - , - :

- , ( ), PP ( ), NPA.

- ()

, ( , - ) . - , . . , : * . -, , . - - :

, -. , . - ..

3

- , , . . pro-ss , , .

- , , . . . , , -. - , .

, (- ), -. - .

, - ( ) , . : .

4

VPC

, , . -, , - - ( , ) - . ( , ) , 2. , , --. , - -, -. - - , -. - CLDA. - -. , - . DiscA - nid. : , - , - - , -26 , , ( ), ( ), , : (1) , - ( ); (2) - . , -, , .

pro-ss. -.

. -- -, - CLDA; , CLCHE; , CLZADA; CLQ; CLR , - CL. - , . , - .

27 CLDA CL. . 27 .

. - - . -.

- -. -. .

- , (. ). - , . , . . , , , .

.. (sppt) (ight) .

+ - , .. ( - = ), - ( = , = ). : -, .

, - VPC - . ,

, . , - . , . - NPA, .

- VPS

. VPS , . - : VPF, VPC, V, Participle, V-lip, VD-lip, CoordP Verbalised, VPC VPS, VPC. VPF VPS , - . V, Participle Verbalised -.

, , -, . - , - 28. . 50 . , . -, , , . VPS , - .

. , , : - (* ). VPS nid . , 29. . , DiscA , ; DiscE , - , Pragmatic -28 + 50 . . , , . 29 . ( . 1983, . 144-154).

.2

, - . DiscA . - ( ARG-ST). - :

. -, .. -. - , . .. - , -. , . - , . DiscE - VPF .

, - . , .

-- .

. , - .

- VP

. VPA , -. : VPF, VPA, VPS, VPC, V, Participle, V-lip, VD-lip, CoordP Verbalised. .. VPS VPA, VPS VPA. V, Participle Verbalised -. , VPA - VPA . , 30. VPF VPA , - . , , - , , , , , . - -, , , - . , , . 30 , . , . , : (1) , (2) , - . , - .

.3

0

. , - - , . , . VPS , - .

. VPA nid . DiscA , . , -, , . - . , . , , , . - . DiscE , , Pragmatic , . MOD . , , - - . -:

. , . , .

1

, , -, . CLZADA, . , CL. , - , pro-ss .

VPA , : , , 31. VPA , - . , .

31 Pragmatic.

2

- VPF

() -. . VPF : VPA, VPS, VPC CoordP. DiscE. , - , VPF SLASH, .

( ), - - . : . - , (Mig d Sg 1999). nid , , . , - nid . , . , , . - , ( - : ). - . - (, , ) - . .

.4

. - . , Pragmatic. ::

3

(DiscE) VPA. VPC - .

, , (sttd) . . , . - ( ) : -, CLDA; ,

.

4

CLCHE; , CLZADA; CLQ; CLR , CL. (), , . : , , ., CLCHE. , VPC , VPS , VPA . - - .

CLDA, CLCHE, CLQ - CLR. CLDA -, - . .. (t vbs). -. : , -, , 32 , , .

- -, - . . - - pro-ss . . - * :

32 .. . , ( . 1998, . 550-552).

, -, - . , .

CLCHE -. : , , , , . - :

CLQ CLR:

CLR , CLR . . , . , - , - , 33.33 , , p-ss , (pro-compl) (pro-adj). - .

- . CLDA CLCHE - . CLQ , , , . CLR . - - 34:

CLDA CLCH CLQ CLR

- +/- +

CLDA CLCHE. : (= ) (= ) .

34 , .

CLQ ( CLQ) .

, CLQ , : .

CLR , - . , - , ( , ). , - ( , ). , . - .

, - , ( . (Osv 2007)). - . -, -. . - - .

, : CLDA, CLZADA, CLCHE, CLQ CLR. , , CLZADA. . - :

CLZADA CLDA. , - :

CLCHE :

, , , , . CLDA CLCHE, :

CLR CLQ:

0

CL

CL. - , . .

. -- , - . CLDA CLR CLQ. - , -:

1

( )

- (N) - NPC(mpmt) - NPA(djt). - . -, : - - -. , , - -. , -, , , - .

, , - 35. - , (mi) : , , -. : , - , , , :

- -, . MOD , - . , .. . (- . ( 2007)).

- NN, - ( , - , ) (- . ( 2004)). 35 , . . .

3

: - -.

- NPC

NPC -. . , (. - (- 1984)). : N, Subst, Nomin, N-Elip, ND-Elip3. , . .

, -, . () - ( ), () ().

, , -, -. - :

36 V-Elip-ElipElip VD-Elip-ElipElip, N-Elip-ElipElip , . ND-Elip-ElipElip , - .

.1

4

- , , . . , 37.

- - (), . .. - - .

- NPA

-, NPA -. . (N, Pron, H, Subst, Nomin, N-Elip, ND-Elip, CoordP) (NPA, NPC, N-Elip, ND-Elip, CoordP). (N, M, A, Pron, Participle, CoordP) (AP, PP, NPA, CLDA, CLQ, CLR, CoordP). , - . NN ( ), (- , ). , +l . :

37 - . - NN ( 1993).

.2

, . , , . , (APA).

- - . - :

, , - -. - . , - , ( ) (-). .

, NPA NPA -, .

( (. 1962)). - .

, - . , , :

, (- -) - PP. , - 38 (, .). - - . - - . . - - : . - . . - , (DiscE), nid.38 , . . .. (spis mbigity). , . ( 1993).

.3

( -). - . , - . . -. : () default (dft v). (. N, PP, N); () f (fist). . ; () (st). .

, : () () , , . .. 39, - . . , . : - , , , - - . , - 40.

39 - ( 1982).40 . - - - . .

. +, .. .

, - , . .

, . .

, , , .

. , - , -. , , - -:

, : - (CLR), (CLQ), - (CLDA) (CLCHE). , . . , . . , - . , - - . , . . , - -, - -. . -: , , , , -, .

, , - . , - . * . - . , ( ) = , .

0

-

. , : ( ) ( ). - , -41.

- , ( - ) . , , - :

, : ( ), ( ). - .

41 , , . . .

1

( )

-: - APC(omplement) - APA(djunct). , - , - -. -, .

- APC

A, Participle, CoordP.

, . - . , -, , - . APC:

()

, , : - , /, . :

.1

2

, , :

. - . , . , . , .

- APA

(A, Participle, CoordP), (APA, APC, CoordP).

, , , , . - . , . , - :

-, - . -, , -. , .

.2

3

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: - (sttd di), (djt di) (sttd di). - - NP , VP , . , MOD none SLASH . MOD , - none, . SLASH . . - , ,

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10

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11

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. - : . V-Elip, VPC . , - . V-Elip, , N-Elip, , . , .

, . V-Elip type gram. : , - , . - . , (. -). , Adv-Elip, G-Elip, Prep-Elip PP-Elip. / - . - . V-Elip . .

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11.2

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12

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CONTENT : psoa (. pmtizd-stt-f-ffis) , nom-obj (. mi-bjt) quant (. qfi) . , , . RESTR () INDEX (). : ref () non-ref (-). , - , 50 : , . quant .

CONTEXT : BACKGROUND, psoa - , CONTEXTUAL-INDICES ( ), - SPEAKER (), ADDRESSEE (), UTTERANCE-LOCATION ( ) . CONTEXT , :

50 .. (diss m). (. -).

10

context BACKGROUND : set(psoa) CONTEXTUAL-INDICES : c-inds

c-inds SPEAKER : ref ADDRESSEE : ref UTTERANCE-LOCATION : ref

, MOD .

, . - - , - .

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10

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110

INDEX - ADDRESSEE . (RESTR) ADDRESSEE CONTENT - ADDRESSEE .

, -, - ADDRESSEE ADDRESSEE .

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/ . CONTENT ( ) - ADDRESSEE CONTEXT.

- . -. - . CONTENT ADDRESSEE -. .

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111

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13

112

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14

114

1993: . . - . . , .

1982: . : A. Gs. L Cmpds i gi Rflg th ish dfiit zft-Cst. Os g ms, Uivsittfgt, 1980. 56 . : , 1982, V, 4, . 58-67.

, 1998: , . . , .

2000: . . .

. . 1983, - , .

1995: . , - . .

2007: . . -. , .

1984: . - . .

1986: . . .

2004: . NN. : - : XX . . , 26-27.04.2002 .

2007: . - - (). : Op Svi, 4, Ph.

2007: . . .

1962: . - - . : , . V.

1993: . . . .

1998: . . - .

2004: . - . : - : XX . . , 26-27.04.2002 .

2005: . . : . , , . 160-182.

11

* * *

tt t . 1999: Miim tt, y H. Kig, Mi-gi Ni d Fdiq Sgd. A Gmm Wits Cb. CSL, Stfd.

Gizbg d Lppi 2001: Ggy J. Gizbg d Sh. Lppi SHARDS: Fgmt Rs i Dig. : t H., v d Sis, hijss ds., P. f th 4th t f Cmpt Sms, ibg, pp. 156-172.

Kpv d Kstv 1999: . Kpv d . Kstv. O th stt f h CP fid i gi. : FASSL 1999, Wig Pps i Ligiss, 20, d. by M. Vhv d L. H, dhim

Mig d Sg 1999: Chistph D. Mig d v A. Sg. Dissis bt Agmt Stt d Gmm Rs. Wbhth, Gt, J-Pi Kig d Ads Kth (ds.), Lxi Ad Cst Aspts f Ligis xp, CSL Pbis, pp. 63-78.

Osv 2001: Pty Osv. O Sbjt-Vb Agmt i gi (A HPSG-bsd At). : Pdigs f th Fth FDSL, Ptsdm, pp. 661-672.

Osv 2007: Pty Osv. A Cps-bsd Apph F Rvs ith i gi. : Pdigs fm 5th Cf FASSL, 18-20 Spt. 2006, pp. 109-112.

Osv d Simv 2002: Pty Osv d Kii Simv. gi Vv ithi HPSG Fm. : Pdigs f th 9th t Cf HPSG, J.-. Kim, S. Whs (ds.), CSL Pbis, pp. 233-244.

Pd d Sg 1994: C Pd d v Sg. Hd-Div Phs Stt Gmm. CSL Pbis.

Pstjvsy 1995: Jms Pstjvsy. h Gv Lxi. h M Pss.

Sg t. 1993: v Sg, m Ws d miy d. Syt hy. Stfd

Simv, Osv d Svhv 2004: Kii Simv, Pty Osv d Mi Svhv. -R03: Mphsyt gst. Pjt hi Rpt 03. At: http://.btb.g/hRp.htm

ishv d Dzhv 2002: Yv ishv d Mi Dzhv. fm Stt Lv i bs. : Pdigs f h Fist Wshp bs d Ligis his. 20-21 Sptmb, 2002, Szp, pp. 231-252.

Wht s A ip Cst.htm. At: http://.si.g/igiss/gssyfligistms/, 15 Spt. 2007

11

1

( )

A

A-Eip-EipEip ,

Adv

Adv-Eip-EipEip ,

APA

APC

AdvPA

AdvPC

C

CL

CLCHE ,

CLDA -

CLQ ,

CLR ,

CLZADA ,

Conj

CoordP

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DiscE , - ,

DiscM , ,

G-Eip-EipEip ,

Gerund

H , I M

N

11

N-Eip-EipEip ,

ND-Eip-EipEip ,

nid ,

Nomin , -

NPA

NPC

PP

PP-Eip-EipEip ,

PPD-Eip-EipEip ,

Pragmatic

Prep

Prep-Eip-EipEip ,

Participe

Pron pro-ss-ssss

Subst (, , ),

T

V

V-Eip-EipEip ,

VD-Eip-EipEip ,

Verbaized ,

VPA

VPC

VPF

VPS +ff +l

11

22 - , BuTreeBanBuTreeBan

( )

- , , . . , . - - - , . (Simv, Osv, Svhv 2004). Simv, Osv, Svhv 2004). , Osv, Svhv 2004). Osv, Svhv 2004). , Svhv 2004). Svhv 2004). 2004). . . , , .

NN

Ncmsi .., .., .., .Ncmsh .., .., .., ..Ncmsf .., .., .., ..Ncmsd .., .., .., .Ncms-v .., .., .., ..Ncms-a .., .., .., ..Ncms-d .., .., .., ..Ncmpi .., .., .., .Ncmpd .., .., .., .Ncmt .., .., ..Ncfsi .., .., .., .Ncfsd .., .., .., .Ncfpi .., .., .., .Ncfpd .., .., .., .Ncfs-v .., .., .., ..Ncnsi .., .., .., .Ncnsd .., .., .., .Ncnpi .., .., .., .Ncnpd .., .., .., .Nc-i .., .., .., ., .., ..., ., .Nc-d .., .., .., ., .., ..., ., .

Npmsi .., .., .., ..., .., .., ..., .., .., .Npmsh .., .., .., ...., .., .., ...., .., .., ..Npmsf .., .., .., ...., .., .., ...., .., .., ..Npms-v .., .., .., ...., .., .., ...., .., .., ..Npms-a .., .., .., ..Npms-d .., .., .., ...., .., .., ...., .., .., ..Npmpi .., .., .., ..., .., .., ..., .., .., .Npmpd .., .., .., ..., .., .., ..., .., .., .Npmt .., .., ...., .., ...., .., ..Npfsi .., .., .., ..., .., .., ..., .., .., .Npfsd .., .., .., ..., .., .., ..., .., .., .Npfpi .., .., .., ..., .., .., ..., .., .., .Npfpd .., .., .., ..., .., .., ..., .., .., .Npfs-v .., .., .., ...., .., .., ...., .., .., ..Npnsi .., .., .., ..., .., .., ..., .., .., .Npnsd .., .., .., ..., .., .., ..., .., .., .Npnpi .., .., .., ..., .., .., ..., .., .., .Npnpd .., .., .., ..., .., .., ..., .., .., .Np-i .., .., .., ..., .., .., ..., .., .., .Np-d .., .., .., ..., .., .., ..., .., .., .

A

Amsi .., .., .Amsh .., .., ..Amsf .., .., ..Ams-e .., .., ....Ams-a .., .., ..Ams-d .., .., ..

Afsi .., .., .Afsd .., .., .Ansi .., .., .Ansd .., .., .A-pi .., .A-pd .., .

11

H H H H H H H H H H

Hmsi .., .., .Hmsh .., .., ..Hmsf .., .., ..Hfsi .., .., .Hfsd .., .., .

Hnsi .., .., .Hnsd .., .., .H-pi .., .H-pd .., .

Pp Pp

Ppe-os1 .., .., 1 .Ppe-os2 .., .., 2 .Ppe-os3m .., .., 3 ., ..Ppe-os3f .., .., 3 ., ..Ppe-os3n .., .., 3 ., ..Ppe-op1 .., .., 1 .Ppe-op2 .., .., 2 .Ppe-op3 .., .., 3 .Ppeas1 .., .., 1 .Ppetas1 .., .., .., 1 .Ppeas2 .., .., 2 .Ppetas2 .., .., .., 2 .Ppelasm .., .., 3 ., ..Ppetasm .., .., .., 3 ., ..Ppelasf .., .., 3 ., ..Ppetasf .., .., .., 3 ., ..Ppelasn .., .., 3 ., ..Ppetasn .., .., .., 3 ., ..Ppeap1 .., .., 1 .Ppetap1 .., .., .., 1 .Ppeap2 .., .., 2 .Ppetap2 .., .., .., 2 .Ppelap .., .., 3 .Ppetap .., .., .., 3 .Ppeds1 .., .., 1 .Ppetds1 .., .., .., 1 .Ppeds2 .., .., 2 .Ppetds2 .., .., .., 2 .Ppeldsm .., .., 3 ., ..

Ppetdsm .., .., .., 3 ., .. Ppeldsn .., .., 3 ., ..Ppetdsn .., .., .., 3 ., ..Ppeldsf .., .., 3 ., ..Ppetdsf .., .., .., 3 ., ..Ppedp1 .., .., 1 .Ppetdp1 .., .., .., 1 .Ppedp2 .., .., 2 .Ppetdp2 .., .., .., 2 .Ppeldp .., .., 3 .Ppetdp .., .., .., 3 .Ppetss1 .., ..., .., 1 .Ppetss2 .., ..., .., 2 .Ppetssm .., ..., .., 3 ., ..Ppetssf .., ..., .., 3 ., ..Ppetssn .., ..., .., 3 ., ..Ppetsp1 .., ..., .., 1 .Ppetsp2 .., ..., .., 2 .Ppetsp .., ..., .., 3 .Pph-os2 ., .., .., .., 2 .Pphas2 ., .., .., .., 2 .Pphtas2 ., .., .., .., .., 2 .Pphds2 ., .., .., .., 2 .Pphtds2 ., .., .., .., .., 2 .Pphtss2 ., .., .., ..., .., 2 .Ppxta .., .., ...., .., ...., .., ..Ppxla .., ...., ...., ..Ppxtd .., .., ...., .., ...., .., ..Ppxts .., .., ....., .., ....., .., ...

Pd Pd

Pde-os-m .., .., ..Pde-os-f .., .., ..Pde-os-n .., .., ..Pde-op .., ..Pde-as-m .., .., ..Pde-ds-m .., .., ..Pda--s-m ., .., ..

Pda--s-f ., .., ..Pda--s-n ., .., ..Pda--p ., ..Pdl Pdm Pdq . .Pdt

120

Pr Pr

Pre-os-m .., .., ..Pre-os-f .., .., ..Pre-os-n .., .., ..Pre-op .., ..Pre-as-m .., .., ..Pre-ds-m .., .., ..Pre--s ..Pra--s-m ., .., ..Pra--s-f ., .., ..Pra--s-n ., .., ..

Pra--p ., ..Prl Prm Prp--s-m ., .., ..Prp--s-f ., .., ..Prp--s-n ., .., ..Prp--p ., ..Prq .Prt

Pc Pc

Pce-os-m .., .., ..Pce-os-f .., .., ..Pce-os-n .., .., ..Pce-op .., ..Pce-as-m .., .., ..Pce-ds-m .., .., ..Pca--s-m ., .., ..Pca--s-f ., .., ..Pca--s-n ., .., ..

Pca--p ., ..Pcl Pcm Pcq--s-mh ., .., .., ..Pcq--s-mf ., .., .., ..Pcq--s-fd ., .., .., .Pcq--s-nd ., .., .., .Pcq--p--d ., .., .Pct

Pi Pi

Pie-os-m .., .., ..Pie-os-f .., .., ..Pie-os-n .., .., ..Pie-op .., ..Pie-as-m .., .., ..Pie-ds-m .., .., ..Pia--s-m ., .., ..Pia--s-f ., .., ..Pia--s-n ., .., ..Pia--p ., ..

Pil Pim Pic Pip--s-m ., .., ..Pip--s-f ., .., ..Pip--s-n ., .., ..Pip--p ., ..Piq .Piy Pit

Pf Pf Pf Pf

Pfe-os-mi .., .., .., .Pfe-os-mh .., .., .., ..Pfe-os-mf .., .., .., ..Pfe-os-fi .., .., .., .Pfe-os-fd .., .., .., .Pfe-os-ni .., .., .., .Pfe-os-nd .., .., .., .Pfe-op--i .., .., .Pfe-op--d .., .., .Pfe-os-m .., .., ..

Pfe-os-f .., .., ..Pfe-os-n .., .., ..Pfe-op .., ..Pfe-as-m .., .., ..Pfe-ds-m .., .., ..Pfe--s-n .., ..Pfa--s-m ., .., ..Pfa--s-f ., .., ..Pfa--s-n ., .., ..Pfa--p ., ..

121

Pfl Pfm Pfp--s-m ., .., ..Pfp--s-f ., .., ..Pfp--s-n ., .., ..Pfp--p ., ..

Pfq .Pfq-----i ., .Pfq-----d ., .Pfy-----i , . , ., .Pfy-----d , . , ., .Pft

Pn Pn

Pne-os-m .., .., ..Pne-os-f .., .., ..Pne-os-n .., .., ..Pne-os-ni .., .., .., .Pne-os-nd .., .., .., .Pne-op .., ..Pne-as-m .., .., ..Pne-ds-m .., .., ..Pna--s-m ., .., ..Pna--s-f ., .., ..

Pna--s-n ., .., ..Pna--p ., ..Pnl Pnm Pnp--s-m ., .., ..Pnp--s-f ., .., ..Pnp--s-n ., .., ..Pnp--p ., ..Pnq .Pnt

Ps Ps

Pso-s1mi .., 1 ., .., .Pso-s1mh .., 1 ., .., ..Pso-s1mf .., 1 ., .., ..Pso-s1fi .., 1 ., .., .Pso-s1fd .., 1 ., .., .Pso-s1ni .., 1 ., .., .Pso-s1nd .., 1 ., .., .Pso-p1-i .., 1 ., .Pso-p1-d .., 1 ., .Psot--1 .., 1 .Pso-s2mi .., 2 ., .., .Pso-s2mh .., 2 ., .., ..Pso-s2mf .., 2 ., .., ..Pso-s2fi .., 2 ., .., .Pso-s2fd .., 2 ., .., .Pso-s2ni .., 2 ., .., .Pso-s2nd .., 2 ., .., .Pso-p2-i .., 2 ., .Pso-p2-d .., 2 ., .Psot--2 .., 2 .Pso-s3mim .., 3 ., .., ., ...Pso-s3mhm .., 3 ., .., .., ...Pso-s3mfm .., 3 ., .., .., ...

Pso-s3fim .., 3 ., .., ., ...Pso-s3fdm .., 3 ., .., ., ... Pso-s3nim .., 3 ., .., ., ...Pso-s3ndm .., 3 ., .., ., ...Pso-p3-im .., 3 ., ., ...Pso-p3-dm .., 3 ., ., ...Psot--3--m .., 3 ., ...Pso-s3mif .., 3 ., .., ., ...Pso-s3mhf .., 3 ., .., .., ...Pso-s3mff .., 3 ., .., .., ...Pso-s3fif .., 3 ., .., ., ...Pso-s3fdf .., 3 ., .., ., ...Pso-s3nif .., 3 ., .., ., ...Pso-s3ndf .., 3 ., .., ., ...Pso-p3-if .., 3 ., ., ...Pso-p3-df .., 3 ., ., ...Psot--3--f .., 3 ., ...Pso-s3min .., 3 ., .., ., ...Pso-s3mhn .., 3 ., .., .., ...Pso-s3mfn .., 3 ., .., .., ...Pso-s3fin .., 3 ., .., ., ...Pso-s3fdn .., 3 ., .., ., ...Pso-s3nin .., 3 ., .., ., ...Pso-s3ndn .., 3 ., .., ., ...Pso-p3-in .., 3 ., ., ...Pso-p3-dn .., 3 ., ., ...Psot--3--n .., 3 ., ...

122

Psz-s1mi .., 1 ., .., .Psz-s1mh .., 1 ., .., ..Psz-s1mf .., 1 ., .., ..Psz-s1fi .., 1 ., .., .Psz-s1fd .., 1 ., .., .Psz-s1ni .., 1 ., .., .Psz-s1nd .., 1 ., .., .Psz-p1-i .., 1 ., .Psz-p1-d .., 1 ., .Pszt--1 .., 1 .Psz-s2mi .., 2 ., .., .Psz-s2mh .., 2 ., .., ..Psz-s2mf .., 2 ., .., ..Psz-s2fi .., 2 ., .., .Psz-s2fd .., 2 ., .., .

Psz-s2ni .., 2 ., .., .Psz-s2nd .., 2 ., .., .Psz-p2-i .., 2 ., .Psz-p2-d .., 2 ., .Pszt--2 .., 2 .Psz-s3mi .., 3 ., .., .Psz-s3mh .., 3 ., .., ..Psz-s3mf .., 3 ., .., ..Psz-s3fi .., 3 ., .., .Psz-s3fd .., 3 ., .., .Psz-s3ni .., 3 ., .., .Psz-s3nd .., 3 ., .., .Psz-p3-i .., 3 ., .Psz-p3-d .., 3 ., .Pszt--3 .., 3 .

Psxos-mi .., .., .., .Psxos-mh .., .., .., ..Psxos-mf .., .., .., ..Psxos-fi .., .., .., .Psxos-fd .., .., .., .Psxos-ni .., .., .., .

Psxos-nd .., .., .., .Psxop--i .., .., .Psxop--d .., .., .Psxto .., ..Psxla ..Psxld ..

Psh-s2mi .., 2 ., .., .Psh-s2mh .., 2 ., .., ..Psh-s2mf .., 2 ., .., ..Psh-s2fi .., 2 ., .., .Psh-s2fd .., 2 ., .., .

Psh-s2ni .., 2 ., .., .Psh-s2nd .., 2 ., .., .Psh-p2-i .., 2 ., .Psh-p2-d .., 2 ., .Psht--2 .., 2 .

MM

Mcmsi ., ., .., .., .Mcmsh ., ., .., .., ..Mcmsf ., ., .., .., ..Mcmpi ., ., .., .., .Mcmpd ., ., .., .., .Mcfsi ., ., .., .., .Mcfsd ., ., .., .., .Mcfpi ., ., .., .., .Mcfpd ., ., .., .., .Mcnsi ., ., .., .., .Mcnsd ., ., .., .., .Mcnpi ., ., .., .., .Mcnpd ., ., .., .., .Mc-pi ., ., .., .

Mc-pd ., ., .., . Momsi ., ., .., .., .Momsh ., ., .., .., ..Momsf ., ., .., .., ..Mofsi ., ., .., .., .Mofsd ., ., .., .., .Monsi ., ., .., .., .Monsd ., ., .., .., .Mo-pi ., ., .., .Mo-pd ., ., .., .Md-pi ., ., .., .., .., . .., .Md-pd ., ., .., .., .., ., .., .My-pi ., ., .., .., .., ., .., .My-pd ., ., .., .., .., ., .., .

123

VV

Vpit* , , , Vpitf-r1s ., ., ., 1 ., ..Vpitf-r2s ., ., ., 2 ., ..Vpitf-r3s ., ., ., 3 ., ..Vpitf-r1p ., ., ., 1 ., ..Vpitf-r2p ., ., ., 2 ., ..Vpitf-r3p ., ., ., 3 ., ..Vpitf-o1s ., ., ., 1 ., ..Vpitf-o2s ., ., ., 2 ., ..Vpitf-o3s ., ., ., 3 ., ..Vpitf-o1p ., ., ., 1 ., ..Vpitf-o2p ., ., ., 2 ., ..Vpitf-o3p ., ., ., 3 ., ..Vpitf-m1s ., ., ., 1 ., ..Vpitf-m2s ., ., ., 2 ., ..Vpitf-m3s ., ., ., 3 ., ..Vpitf-m1p ., ., ., 1 ., ..Vpitf-m2p ., ., ., 2 ., ..Vpitf-m3p ., ., ., 3 ., ..Vpitz--2s ., ., 2 ., ..., ., 2 ., ..., ., 2 ., ..., ., 2 ., .., ., 2 ., ..., 2 ., .., 2 ., ..Vpitz--2p ., ., 2 ., ..., ., 2 ., ..., ., 2 ., ..., ., 2 ., .., ., 2 ., ..., 2 ., .., 2 ., ..Vpitcar-smi ., ., ., .., .., .Vpitcar-smh ., ., ., .., .., ..Vpitcar-smf ., ., ., .., .., ..Vpitcar-sfi ., ., ., .., .., .Vpitcar-sfd ., ., ., .., .., .Vpitcar-sni ., ., ., .., .., .Vpitcar-snd ., ., ., .., .., .Vpitcar-p-i ., ., ., .., .Vpitcar-p-d ., ., ., .., .Vpitcao-smi ., ., ., .., .., .Vpitcao-smh ., ., ., .., .., ..Vpitcao-smf ., ., ., .., .., ....Vpitcao-sfi ., ., ., .., .., .Vpitcao-sfd ., ., ., .., .., .Vpitcao-sni ., ., ., .., .., .Vpitcao-snd ., ., ., .., .., .Vpitcao-p-i ., ., ., .., .Vpitcao-p-d ., ., ., .., .Vpitcam-smi ., ., ., .., .., .Vpitcam-sfi ., ., ., .., .., .Vpitcam-sni ., ., ., .., .., .Vpitcam-p-i ., ., ., .., .Vpitcv--smi ., ., .., .., .., .., .., ., .., .., ..., ..., .Vpitcv--smh ., ., .., .., ..., .., .., .., .., .., ...., ...., ....Vpitcv--smf ., ., .., .., ..., .., .., .., .., .., ...., ...., ....Vpitcv--sfi ., ., .., .., .., .., .., ., .., .., ..., ..., ...Vpitcv--sfd ., ., .., .., .., .., .., ., .., .., ..., ..., .Vpitcv--sni ., ., .., .., .., .., .., ., .., .., ..., ..., ...Vpitcv--snd ., ., .., .., .., .., .., ., .., .., ..., ..., .Vpitcv--p-i ., ., .., .., .., ., .., ..., ..., ...Vpitcv--p-d ., ., .., .., .., ., .., ..., ..., .Vpitgtgg

124

( ) , . . :

Vpii ., ., ., .., ., ., .., ., ., .., ., ., ., ., ., .., ., ., ., .., ., ....Vppi ., ., ., .., ., ., .., ., ., .., ., ., ., ., ., .., ., ., ., .., ., ..Vnii ., ., ., .., ., ., .., ., ., .., ., ., ., ., ., .., ., ., ., .., ., ..Vnit ., ., ., .., ., ., .., ., ., .., ., ., ., ., ., .., ., ., ., .., ., ..Vnpi ., ., ., .., ., ., .., ., ., .., ., ., ., ., ., .., ., ., ., .., ., ..Vnpt ., ., ., .., ., ., .., ., ., .., ., ., ., ., ., .., ., ., ., .., ., ..Vxit ., .., .., .., ., .. , ., .., ., ..Vypt ., .., .., .., ., .. , ., .., ., ..Viit ., .., .., .., ., .. , ., .., ., ..

DD

Dm Dt D Dq . . Dd

CC

Cc Cs Cr Cp . . . . . . . . . .. .. . ...

TT

Ta Tn Ti Tx Tm Tv Te Tg

RR

II

: ,

:

:

ISBN: 978-954-92148-2-6

: ,

, 2007

Documents

Grammar Bulgarian, ФОРМАЛНА ГРАМАТИКА НА БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ЕЗИК Петя Осенова Кирил Симов