Hargeisa Waste Management System

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Prepared by Hamse Ali Yusuf

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Faculty of computer science

Researcher Methodology

Lecturer: Mahmud Hussein


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Hargeisa waste management system

especially the garbage

Class: year three

Name: Hamse Ali Yusuf

Deadline: 16/02/2012

Hargeisa waste management system especially the garbage


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Copyright 2012

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a

Retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic,

Mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Hamse

Ali Yusuf except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and

reviews

Introduction:-

Special thanksFirst Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds, the Most Merciful, theMost Compassionate, the Master of the Day of Judgement. I bear witnessthat there is no god but He, the Lord of the earlier and later generations and

Sustainer of heaven and earth. Peace and blessings be upon the one who wassent as a Mercy to the worlds. I bear witness that he is the Messenger of

Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Peace and blessings be uponhim, upon all his Family and Companions, and upon those who believe in his

guidance and follow in his footsteps until the Day of Judgment.Secondly thanks to dear teacher who to reach me this way of prepping aresearch


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The waste management system in everywhere at the world it is

fundamental work for public service issue and national health security that

depend to do first the responsibility of local government and the who work

collective garbage as business under legal provision, and attain efficiency of

garbage trucks or compaction trucks also transfer locations recycled points

and land fill including incineration although dumpsites we can say that is

waste management system required for anywhere can, but particularly Ill

try to look most theme of my this article how is Hargeisa waste

management is like?

Demonstrate area our assignment research about is as below

1-The amount of waste production in Hargeisa per day or per month2-Kind of waste3-Hargeisa: Solid Waste4-How the local government mange all these waste5-Looking and Investigating

- Waste disposal system- Cost of money- Waste distribution in the city

6-Conclusion and recommended idea

This is the question we need to answer


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What does garbage cause and what causes us to have garbage?

Garbage is things that people do not want anymore, cannot find a use for,

or have agreed with society that it is worthless. For example a pen without

ink. Dont think and to the garbage it goes. But it is plastic (most times) and

can be reused because man made it, they can use it again for somethingelse. Most people throw away things that can be used so many more times

like that soup bottle made out of metal. They throw it in the trash when it

should be recycled. People in olden day didnt have garbage really.

Nowadays man has made more things that are disposable which means

more garbage and more pollution as a result. People should care about what

they throw away and what they recycle because it could mean life or death

one day in the near future if nothing is done.

According to the all these we mentioned above to keep all current routine

activities consistently where to make better method of work in Hargeisa

there is local government and two residual companies those who work

together the cleaning of city and collect the garbage mostly the five sub-

district of Hargeisa city individually and separately,

1-Local government (municipality )2-Sabawanaag Hargeisa sanitation service company3-DhisThe municipal or local government have signed legal contract both two

company we mentioned above to collect the garbage in the city and all

solid west management and give the budget for certain area they are

demarcated them such like where habitant of IDPS and public intuitionsand government central office although the last seven years the

municipal wasnt work this field but only these two companies were

cooperate


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1- The amount of waste production in Hargeisa per month and per day or peryear in some district of Hargeisa southern parts and central market sub

division that the sabowang group or( team ) always work they told me the

sum of production

Operation manager and two district supervisors and market also community

police they said 14 homes to react per day where 7 homes pursuit each the

day and enter agreement of garbage collection and disposal to designated

national dumpsite where is it necessary to obtain suitable collection point

nearest by each sub district from the two main districts, but briefly the amount

of waste in average mostly are as below

No. of loads/Day No. of Tones/day No. of L/month No. of T/m No. of L/year No. of T/year13-15Lds 78-90T 390-450 2,340-2,700T 4,680-5,400 28,080-32,400

The collection plan is 300 homes collect one donkey or motorcycle where the

donkey car collects the garbage each of 100 homes by a day and it collect each

home the garbage two times per a week, and donkey car driver makes punch hole

the punch hole can at the each home the collection schedule as monitory

evaluation measure once. Source (sabowanag officer interview).

In addition top of that sabowanag and Dhis always have specific garbage or waste

they permanently clean up the city individually, and item these garbage might be

plastic bags or paper garbage including the food wastes which generates for

business centers such like restaurants and hotels, and they manage by the

process of collection to the transfer points or stations until they carry out to the

landfill and legal dumpsites those who remarked by the local government

planning , in order the main sources of house hold might generate mostly are

plastic bags food remains and use charcoal deposits (danbas), and the businesscenters produces organic matter and spoil food including the system they take

the service charge is obviously daily and billing system they charge 700-100 per

daily and 10000-30000 for each group but they didnt specify us how about the

business.


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The amount of west production per day that the Dhis campany always have

collect in certain area of their field work they collect 18 loads at northern parts of

the city such like Gacanlibaax and 26june including kodbuur mostly kind of waste

they collect is plastic bags and organic waste comes from household and

businesses liquid wests and spoil food remains at

2-The kind of wasteSomaliland country entirely there is specific kind of waste but

particularly in Hargeisa has 30% is plastic bags and 10% of Qat remains

leaves (garabo) ,plastic bottles 20% those who generates soft drinks

and water small bottles The sources of garbage in urban centers are the

households, commercial centers/market areas, industries, institutions

street waste and those resulting from demolition and construction works

etc.

residential and commercially waste constitute the largest source of both

solid and liquid waste, problems related to poorly managed garbage is

unsightliness, vector and rodents which transition during the per capital

production of waste in Somaliland is estimated at 0.45kg per person/day.

Collection, storage, transport and disposal of solid are highly rudimentary

due to set of factors including lack of qualified personnel and inadequateunskilled crews to lead sanitation disposal procedures, transport,

temporary garbage at collection points and inadequate or poorly used

terminal dumpsites and in most instance open dumping, is practiced due to

low level of public education and information and law-enforcement. No

land fill operations or incineration system is used in almost all urban

centers., the situation is favorably better than it was before ten years ago,

given that the country is peaceful and stable and authorities and citizens at

least mind to take responsibility to the tasks that are ascribed to them. Themost pressing priorities include the following but not limited to


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Hargeisa: Solid Waste

Hargeisa city population is 700,000 persons per capita production of garbage in

city (all inclusive street, household, commercial and industrial wastes).0.45kg per

person/ day (Hargeisa city health profile assessments survey document healthy

city initiative 2008). People with access to sanitary facilities is 42% (M, CS, 2007),

and people with access cafe, water supply 41% (M.C.S).Poor sanitation related and water borne: Diseases (MOHL Annual/ reports 2005 &

2006).

Diarrhea Diseases rank the second in the top ten diseases morbidity and

mortality. Waste handling practice (collection, storage transportation and

disposal) are highly rudimentary and there is no inter Medical Dump Site. Waste

disposal terminal sites (open dumping) and poorly managed large dug pits found

on observation located on landscape depression are subject to lead

contamination of surface and ground water. Integrated quality control for food

and water consumption is lacking.

Hargeisa municipality contracted out garbage collection in the city by two private

companies:

1 DHIS private company is responsible for garbage collection from the northern

part of the city.


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2 Sabawanaag private is responsible for garbage removal from the southern part

of the city.

DHIS removes 22 loads, of Solid waste each day municipality wants to relieve the

burden of work form DHIS by taking assignment on garbage removal ensure part

of the northern location of the city form temporary dump sites. Sabawanaag

removes 18 loads of Solid waste per day from the householders, streets &

temporary dump sites.

The transportation of waste is done by tipper trucks to two terminal dump sites

located in the north of the city and south of the city, the private companies were

instructed to buy 10 plots by each of them for temporary garbage collection

points-dump sites. So for, this has not been materialized. As part of our efforts to

improve efficiency of the garbage collection from the city we have ordered 12

trailers from China in order to enhance the efficiency of the mechanized

machinery. The mayor indicated that neither reducing the garbage at the source

nor recycling system is in use the cutting edge of recycling the solid waste is the

level of cost- recovery which provides a very minimal salvageable value in relation

to investment (cost) in recycling. Hence, in the management of garbage the

system of sustainability is a major issue of concern.

The Honorable Mayor indicated that the most drastic product of the Solid waste is

the plastic bags/ containers that are thrown away. WFP participates in the

collection of plastic bag through food for work program but on ad-hoc basis. Both

technical and financial constraints impede the removal of garbage from the city

effectively he concluded. In the slaughter house, the major has indicated that thegood sanitary operating practices are well maintained by the private company

who runs the slaughterhouse. Finally the mayor has assigned one of his sanitation

officers to take us to the dump site located north to the city (15km away).

Burcoa: Solid Waste

Visit to Burao town Garbage terminal dumpsite

During the environmental health assessment mission we have visited Burao town

waste disposal site. The garbage terminal dumpsite located at 7km and

southwards of Burao town, the terminal dumpsite was a large excavated dugdumpsite used for the disposal of solid wastes, in a semi-controlled tipping. We

have seen that tipper trucks carrying solid wastes directly dumping inside the dug

pit the tipper trucks are owned by Burao municipality. The site was guarded by

site supervisors who were responsible to oversee and monitor that tipper trucks

have dumped the loads of garbage into the pit. The solid waste was properly


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dumped into the excavated semi-land fill operated dumpsite. The disposal

procedure of the garbage in Burao town was better managed than the one in

Hargeisa. There were no birds or wild animals roaming in the disposal site. The

disposal site itself and the garbage has constituted a minimal public health threat

to the town resident population or to those who live in far located areas at least

for the time being. The system of garbage disposal in Burao town can be easily

turned into sanitary landfill method provided some investment and machinery is

made available. This will in turn become a model to be followed by other

municipalities of Somaliland.

This truck picks up several loads of the solid waste a day from the City of Buroa,

Somaliland. The serious nature of the solid waste threat in every big city of the

whole country and the environmental needs have been presented in our salient

discussions. The lack of efficiency, sufficient funds, or commitment and effectivestrategy to deal with the municipal and industrial waste was evident. Every local

and international NGOs we had interviewed made similar comment when it

comes to the waste issue. There were general consensuses that the local

governments in these different regions were not adequately handling their end of


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the bargain in managing the waste problem. Likewise, the local government was

pointing the finger to a different and passing the blame. Though some of these

shortcomings were due to shortage of funds, it was lack of an effective strategy

and commitment on the part of the local government to enforce the regulations

and follow up with a study on how well their strategy was working.

This failure, on the major part, is the lack of environmental policies and effective

vision on how to control waste while following well defined regulations to meet

the challenge. Another explanation could be that, although some environmental

policies are preventive, most have focused on cleaning up messes after the fact-

what the environmentalists call end of pipe solutions3. Preventive and

proactive measures should be taken to protect the environmental damages. It is

not enough to address problems only after they have become so obvious that

they cannot be ignored often, literally waiting for the dead bodies to appear or

for coastlines to disappear into the ocean.

Borama: Borama town sanitation

The town is generally poor in sanitation for the production of garbage and its

removal are not proportionally matching accumulated garbage is seen in and

around the quarters of the town, although, the municipal administration of the

town who is the caretaker of the sanitation do strive to promote town

sanitation.The dumpsite for the terminal disposal of the solid wastes locates

about 3 3.5km north of Borama town at the junction of the beginning of river

valley (Dry River). It is indiscriminately dumped inside the large natural depression

and around its surroundings outside the depression/garbage dumpsite. The

danger of pollution of water sources is absolutely unavoidable, even though the

solid waste was removed from the town and dumped in far away waste pit. Now

the pit is nearly being filled up with garbage and new site is needed.


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This man (truck driver) was explaining to us, during our visit to the site, that it was

very difficult to pick up the waste from all places in the City of Borama because of

financial difficulties that the local government was facing. There were no enough

trucks to pick up the waste; not enough gasoline was provided by the local

government to make more than three trips a day; and there were no enough

incentives for the men who were loading and loading the waste with their bare

hands. For example, this man on the top of the truck makes something like less

than $0.4 a day (less than 40 cents). No one could live on or feed his family with

this kind of income.

Erigavo town Solid Waste

A similar situation to that of Borama town prevails in Erigavo town. However,

Erigavo town is one of the cleanest towns in Somaliland for the municipality takes

its responsibility to keep the town clean, and closely works with and takes advice

from the regional sanitation officer, Mr. Mohamoud Barre Dualeh. The only major

problem is that the dumpsite is a natural depression and is partly protected by

fence, which is up now being filled. Therefore, a new terminal dumpsite is

urgently needed.

Lasanod town Solid Waste


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Lasanod is perhaps the worst in solid and liquid waste management there is no

official care taker of the solid waste, although, the municipality is entitled to do so

and is minimally involved at least to organize clean up campaign with the

participation of the resident population of the town. The garbage collection and

disposal was previously implemented by a local NGO called SAVO headed by the

late engineer Said Abdi. Since his death in 2005, things have fallen apart. The

dumpsite is open land in between two small hills located north east of Lasanod.

The poor sanitation condition can be easily accessed by large

quantities of flies that are always remains a menace to sanitation and hygiene

standards. Only Lasanod town cannot be associated with abundance of field, but

also, Berbera, Borama and even Burao and Hargeisa do host such disease carrying

vector in large quantities according to seasonal climate changes. All in all we need

to improve our sanitation to the highest standards with our own efforts and

resources appeal the international community, for urgent assistance both

technically and financially. In summary, waste reduction at the source is not

practically used at all levels, so also, neither sorting nor recycling is in use.

Garbage burning in dumpsites is not in practice. While sorting of hazardous

wastes and disposing it separately is not employed in all situations including

hospitals and industrials waste. Finally, the general consensus of the public and

government is that concerted efforts and collaborative actions must applied

collectively to keep our cities towns rural settlements and environment clean,

safe, pollution, free, aesthetic, healthful and pleasing. Hence, our expectations

should match realities through action of the citizens of the nation as whole.

While sorting of hazardous wastes and disposing it separately is not employed inall situation including hospitals and industrials waste. Finally, the general

consensus of the public and government is that concerted efforts and

collaborative actions must applied collectively to keep our cities towns rural

settlements and environment clean, safe, pollution, free, aesthetic, healthful and

pleasing. Hence, our expectations should match realities through action of the

citizens of the nation as whole.

Inventory

Sanitation equipments/facilities & machinery in the town

Region: City/town machinery dumpsitesMaroodi jeex Hargeisa 12 Tip per trucks 2

Bulldozer

Gabiley 1 tipper truck 1 Togwajaale 1 tipper truck 1


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Awdal Borama 2 tipper trucks 1 Sahil Berbera 2 tipper trucks 1 Togdheer Burao 4 tipper trucks 1 Sanag Erigavo 2 tipper trucks 1

Non-mechanized inventories such as, donkey carts, wheel-barrows, shovels and

rakes are available for use, but are limited.

Liquid wastes in major urban centers

Liquid wastes here are referred waste water from domestic waste water, closet,

septic tank, latrine, laundries, hotels,flushing etc, for practical purposes and from

public health point of view, these waste water should be considered sewage

(waste water) and containing pathogens from latrines septic tanks, bathroom

showers, wash basins, from clothes washing, dish washing etc or otherwise

should be treated. In Somaliland, such waste water is neither treated nordisposed of sanitarily in oxidation ponds. Vacuum tanker trucks carrying waste

water from latrines, septic tanks and soak away pits spill over in open land fields

especially valleys. The contaminated waste water (leachate) reaches to

contaminate underground water through subsurface absorption system or is

washed away by rainfall run off(rain storms) water into shallow wells, dams, in

this practice is common in all urban settings we need introducing a system of

waste water treatment and reuse.

Hargeisa Slaughterhouse

We met the slaughterhouse management body, who gave us comprehensiveinformation on the slaughterhouse ownership, facilities equipments operations

and compliance with sanitary and hygiene procedures and standards

(regulations). Good Sanitary operating Practices were observed.

Inspections/observation

Location of the slaughterhouse: located in the eastern edge of the city with no

zoning restrictions in place. Buildings and dwellings are as close as less than 100

meters to the site. Premises and infrastructure: Premises is protected by fence,

buildings, work blocks and cemented concrete platforms for slaughtering animals

in good repair, smooth, clean and had lighting, ventilation and adequate drainagefor sewage and liquid waste disposal system. Septic tanks and refuse, offal

manure, non-edible parts, condemned meats disposed of separately.

Health of livestock heads for slaughtering (Animals Health)

Disease free from anti-mortem veterinary inspection and meat supplied to the

market is certified for quality assurance by veterinary post-mortem permits.


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Water supply: the borehole was under repair and maintenance at the time of the

visit. Water tankernig trucks supply water to the slaughterhouse with cost $250

per day. Struck tankers x 50 barrels x 200 liters = 50,000 liters/day.

Transportation: 6 transport vehicles used only for edible meat, some of them

equipped with cooling system, found clean and hygienic, meat wrapped and

protected.

Overall slaughterhouse sanitation and hygiene

In animal slaughtering areas, a high degree of cleanliness of the slaughterhouse is

maintained and personnel observe hygienic safe practices. At the time of the visit,

the slaughterhouse was clean and adequate water and cleaning agents and

chemicals have been used, effluent biological liquid water sewage drained into

water tight septic tanks. No overflow of septic tanks to the dry-riverbed nor

2.6.1 Hargeisa: Generated Blood and Biohazard Waste:

Inside the slaughterhouse was clean and well managed. It is operated by a private

company with partnership with the local government. The blood and the animal

parts and waste are removed by trucks and located to the earth catchments

shown in the above pictures. Offensive odors observed on inspection in the site.

Two vacuum tanker trucks remove sewage from the septic tanks and thehazardous biological waste are poured into open cesspools/ditches with overflow

liquid drains into low lands, gullies and rivers that lead to contaminate extensive

areas. The sewage disposal ditches are located near the Nasahablood hills. The

lagoons are poorly designed unprotected and allowed to drain liquid into the


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entire basin of watershed areas lying below towards the lagoons. Wild brid/

animals and other carnivores swim in the pools and feed on the refuse and other

organic (biological) wastes that are indiscriminately dumped near the cesspools.

There is high possibility of epizone diseases outbreak affecting the population

living in adjacent or far places in the downstream. Need to construct proper

oxidation ponds which should be treated and protected.

Management and ownership

The slaughterhouse is owned and managed by a private company called

Mandeeq. The premises are owned by Hargeisa municipality and the company

has invested to expand the slaughterhouse. Hargeisa municipality ensures legal

enforcement for the use of slaughterhouse in slaughtering animals by the public.

Slaughtering animals outside the slaughterhouse is illegal and carries penalty

personnel of the slaughterhouse: 96 persons. Butchers have code numbers to

slaughter animals in the slaughterhouse that are strictly observed and followed.

The whole premises were free from insects and rodents.

Number of animals slaughterhouse per/day

1. Sheep/goats: 1000 heads

2. Cattle: 60 cows/heads

3. Camels: 30 camels/heads

Solid wastes

Remnants or the unwanted parts of the slaughtered animals, offal manure and

other solids were cleaned from the slaughterhouse premises and have been

thrown crudely in open dumpsites (separate place or where garbage is of

dumped) attracting fleets of car rivers birds and animals with resultant high level

environmental pollution. No recycling system has been ever used.

Liquid waste

Liquid waste is emptied from septic tanks in the slaughterhouse and poured into

open pools up to the level of overflow, where flooded biological liquid wastes

drain into down streams/open lands (Hargeisa). The overflow design of liquid

wastes from the slaughterhouse into downstream valleys and open fields is the

norm of practice to dispose of liquid wastes from slaughterhouses. Burao, Borama

and Berbera slaughterhouses do the same. No standard sanitary disposal system

for solid and liquid wastes in both private (commercial) slaughtering (Hargeisa

slaughterhouse) and municipal slaughtering houses has been established to meet


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minimum sanitary and hygiene standards for compliance in the design,

construction and operation of slaughtering houses as meat plants under

regulatory-framework formulated to protect public health safety, and welfare.

The lagoon system combined with initiative solid screening, biological effluent,

treatment systems sludge (composting) for testing recycling to produce fertilizers

as important measures.


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Hargeisa: Blood from the slaughterhouse stored in an earth catchment near Nasa Hablood

The above pictures and the proceeding ones from different waste sites

demonstrate a great damage and colossal negligence to the environment and the

high risk it poses to the public, who depends on it for survival. Clearly, these open

landfills of both solid and liquid wastes, including human and animal daily wastes,


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impact the environment and the ecological systems surrounding all big towns and

cities in the entire country. Even though the country is not heavily industrialized,

the uncontrolled municipal, agricultural and industrial wastes are being scattered

everywhere and every space available. Often these wastes are directly washed or

are flooded into the rivers and deep into the local drinking water. Most people

and their livestock drink from hand-dig, shallow water wells or directly from the

rivers, Brakeds and other water catchments, especially during the rainy seasons.

There are no effective environmental assessments carried out regarding whether

the potential toxic exposure from these open waste sites find their ways into the

public food chain and into the breathing air. There are no environmental health

and exposure assessment agencies that are equipped to established methods of

exposure assessments and sampling techniques that could examine what the

public being exposed to through air, soil, water, food or through occupation.

Furthermore, population continue to increase, more people are being forced into

the big cities by poverty looking for jobs. Domestic waste and industrial waste will

continue to increase exponentially. Countries to Somalia, In addition, there

reports of extensive illegal export of hazardous toxic wastes, including radioactive

waste, from industrial to Somalia. There are also growing local industries inside

the country that are remained unregulated even though they have the potential

to pollute the environment. Such industries include two leather tanning and

producing factories in Dacarbudhuq, between Hargeisa and Barbera and many

more such as soap producing industries that are scattered in the country without

being monitored. These new factories, whether they produce leather, water,

cloth, plastic bags or furniture, do not spend a dime on shouldering the burden ofsafe disposal in order to protecting the environment and the public. These

safeguard includes building modern landfills, maybe one in every region where

the waste could be managed. Such directive should require the manufactures,

restaurants and other businesses, under the leadership of the local governments

or independent agencies, to set up an infrastructure to collect the waste. It goes

without saying, therefore, that, in the absence of regulations, and without proper

landfills or waste treatment plants, this waste here and in the whole country will

be out of control and the public remains at the mercy of such exposure.

2.6.2 Burao town slaughterhouse

Burao town slaughterhouse has been constructed in an open sky slaughterhouse

design without roofing or rooms the slaughtering plots for sheep/goats, camels or

cows have been having concrete floors, are drained and clean at the time of our


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inspection visit the cleaning operation of the slaughterhouse was in progress or

going on while the slaughterhouse was observed relatively clean inside. However,

the sanitary condition of the slaughterhouse for the disposal of liquid wastes was

extremely a real threat to the whole environment around the slaughterhouse and

entire basin of the dry river and along its further tip in the downstream. The

septic tanks that are constructed many years for the collection and

decomposition of liquid wastes have been destroyed and were no longer in use as

soak away pits. Therefore, the liquid waste from the slaughterhouse is drained

into the dry river bed (Togdheer river bed) and to the furthest point in the

downstream. This has constituted an alarming public health hazard to the whole

population of the town and to the communities who are living far located areas

along the banks of the river or those who get water from the shallow wells

located along the river banks or inside the river bed. The slaughterhouse in Burao

town needs immediate relocation and redevelopment into modern

slaughterhouse through proper design and construction of new one.

Ownership & Management: Burao Municipality

Number of personnelNumber of animals slaughtered:

Sheep and goats: 750 heads

Camels: 25 heads

Cows: 00 heads


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Borama Current slaughterhouse

Borama slaughterhouse is the open sky traditional type construction of

slaughterhouse. It locates south east of the town near the valley and the dry river

called Qorgab, where a large number of shallow well locate to provide water

supplies to a large portion of the town population, as well as, to rural and

pastoralist communities. The slaughterhouse resembles that of Barbera or Burao

town in the aspect of sanitation and hygiene standards and capacity to handle the

number of slaughtered animals in the slaughterhouse per day. The

slaughterhouse is constrained by lack of water supply for cleanliness and the hard

crust of the earth where it locates has made difficult to dug and construct septic

tanks for sewage, hence, the sewage overflows on open land and drains into the

Qorgab valley and river bed leading to constantly contaminate the shallow wells

water. But now, a new slaughterhouse is being built and the problem will be

solved in the near future at least partially.

Number of heads slaughtered

1. Sheep and goats: 130 heads

2. Cattle 20 heads

3. Camels 5 heads


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The waste from the slaughterhouse is separated at different steps. The solid

waste is collected at the first collection point and will be transported to an open

earth catchment where is treated with bacteria to break down the waste. The

waste will be eventually used as a fertilizer. Any remaining fatty material will be

removed at the second chamber before the septic tank and is added to the solid

waste. The liquid waste passes through septic tank and will be released into an

open field where it will be absorbed into the soil. The unanswered question,

however, is whether this liquid is safe to be released into the soil. It was not clear

from the conversation I had with Dr. Wamalwa Kinyanjjui, hygiene consultant for


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FAO Somalia, whether all necessary measures were taken to insure strict

environment safety and the protection of the community residing near and

around plant after it became operational. He sounded as if the final decision on

how to address these concerns were not made yet, though her assured an overall

safety of the environment.

Erigavo slaughterhouse

In Erigavo and Lasanod towns the capital towns of Sanag and Sool regions

respectively have no slaughterhouse or there are no premises and infrastructure

for slaughtering animals in either of the towns. Therefore, the animals to be

slaughtered are subject to open-land, exposure. Blood is drained into the soil and

the remnants and unwanted body parts of the slaughtered livestock are thrown

and left in the open field. Later in the night or whenever people leave from the

sites, birds and wild canine animals, vector and rodents come together to the

slaughter places and feed on the remnants blood and other biological wastes.

While in the rainy these dirty biological wastes are washed into the down streams

to contaminate shallow wells water and surface water supplies of the public

especially, rural and nomadic communities. This can cause serious diseases

outbreaks or various epizone diseases, at the same time this practice is a

continuous source of poor sanitation and unhygienic living conditions surrounding

the whole environments of the towns that urgently requires to be altered through

appropriate interventions.

The number of animals slaughtered by type in each town per day is as follows:

Erigavo town (Sool)

1. Sheep & Goats: 160 heads per day (average)

2. Camels: 18 heads per day

3. Cattle: 12 heads per day

Lasanod town (Sool)

1. Sheep and Goats: 175 heads per day

2. Camels: 20 heads per day

3. Cattle: 8 heads per day

Hygiene slaughtering of livestock and observing standard sanitary operating

practices in meat handling and delivering to the market was found reasonably

maintained in Hargeisa slaughterhouses.

Manual cleaning and disinfection to improve and maintain slaughterhouse

sanitation and hygienic standards with use of brushes, chlorine and detergents


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was also reasonably effective in Hargeisa slaughterhouse. All surfaces of concrete

cement (construction) floors or the marble lined floor of Hargeisa slaughterhouse,

Burao town-cemented slaughterhouse and to some extent Borama

slaughterhouse were smooth without cracks and sloped to drains waste water,

repair and maintenance were in place. Berbera slaughterhouse cement floor was

found cracked without repair and Erigavo and Lasanod sanitation is critically

alarming as there are no slaughterhouse places at present.

ConclusionAll these discussions and most theme articles including and willing images

and picture took to open dumpsites and free smoke incinerations of

Hargeisa that which unplanned, and collected the municipal and whole the

solid & liquid west of the city, shows as how our sanitation is still poor, but I

hope after these we can discuss how to improve immediately and support

for this new lesson we learnt about these field.

RecommendationsIn addition of top of that we would like to suggest these point we think about it

important how to achieve our sanitation millennium goals

immediately address the solid waste problem and design better landfills,

incinerators and better waste management systems

it is recommended that the local government and the local NGOsformulate and implement effective environmental policy to address thesolid waste issues

immediately address and protect the oceans from abuses and destructionof Coral reefs

define and design an environmental protection program, agency ordepartment that promotes an active involvement in the environmental and

public health protection programs, and make it sustainable

allocate an adequate resources for the protection of all ecological systemsthat could guarantee the protection of biodiversity

increase capacity building at all levels and start training for theconservation of habitats and biodiversity at local and regional level

establish the legal and policy framework for conservation of habitats andbiodiversity, both in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems


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reduce deforestation and degradation of the environment to improve andsustain environmental health

start a dialogue on how to1-Land use plans for the disposal of solid waste in temporary waste collection

point and terminal dumpsites (sanitary infrastructure facilities)2- Capital budget

3- Heavy machinery (garbage collection transport vehicles, bulldozers, graders

and compactors)

4- Sufficient numbers of crew/employees for collection and loading

5- Trained are qualified public health inspectors and sanitation and officers

supervisors

6- Vacuum tankers construction of lagoons for liquid waste disposal coordination

7- Effective stakeholder coordination

8 -Scaling up the profile of sanitation to meet MDG 79- Extensive public education and legal enforcements of relevant laws

10- Performances & efficiency measurement systems supervision & monitoring

11- Solid waste & liquid waste disposal

12- Comprehensive waste management separation of regulatory responsibilities

& national, regional and district levels including supervision, control and service

operation levels.


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References:-

1. Annual Editions: Environmental 2009/2010: twenty-Eighth Edition

2. Regional Organization for the Conservation of the Environment of Red Seaand Gulf of Aden (PERSGA), June 1999.

3. Clashing Views on Environmental Issues by Thomas A. Easton; 13th edition.

4. Country Environmental Profile for Somalia, From 1st March 2006 to 31st

August 2006: IUCN Eastern Africa Regional Office, Nairobi, Kenya.

5. WHO Mission Report on: Pesticide Incident in hargeisa, Somali Republic of

Somaliland October, 6-15, 2003: World Health Organizational Office for

Eastern Mediterranean.

http://www.google.com

http://www.Ask.com

Situation Environment health assessment Somalia pdf adobe reader
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Documents

Hargeisa Waste Management System