HOA Lecture 2

8/12/2019 HOA Lecture 2

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THE BUILDING OF THE CHURCHTHE BUILDING OF THE CHURCH

EARLY CHRISTIANEARLY CHRISTIAN

ARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURE


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History of ArchitectureHistory of Architecture

THE BASILICATHE BASILICA - BUILT UP BY EMPEROR- BUILT UP BY EMPEROR

CONSTANTINE THE GREATCONSTANTINE THE GREAT

There were several variations of

the basic plan of the secular

basilica, always some kind of

rectangular hall, but the one

usually followed for churches had a

center nave with one aisle at each

side, and anapseat one end

opposite to the main door at the

other. In, and often also in front of,

the apse was a raised platform,where the altar was placed and the

clergy officiated
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History of ArchitectureHistory of Architecture

1. THE BASILICA1. THE BASILICA

Early church architecture did not draw its

form from Roman temples, as the latter did

not have large internal spaces where

worshipping congregations could meet. It

was the Roman basilica, used for

meetings, markets and courts of law that

provided a model for the large Christian

church and that gave its name to the

Christian basilica

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF EARLY CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURETHE CHARACTERISTICS OF EARLY CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE
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History of ArchitectureHistory of ArchitectureTHE CHARACTERISTICS OF EARLY CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURETHE CHARACTERISTICS OF EARLY CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE

2. THE HOUSE CHURCH2. THE HOUSE CHURCH

The first house church is

recorded in Acts 1:13, where

the disciples of Jesusmet

together in the "Upper Room"

of a house, traditionally

believed to be where the

Cenacleis today. For the first

three centuries of the church,known as Early Christianity,

Christians typically met in

homes
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3. THE ATRIUM3. THE ATRIUM

In architecture,

an atrium(plural: atriaor atri

ums) is a large open space

located within a building. Atria

were a common featured in

Ancient Roman dwellings,

providing light and ventilation

to the interior
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History of ArchitectureHistory of ArchitectureTHE CHARACTERISTICS OF EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCHTHE CHARACTERISTICS OF EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH

4. THE BEMA4. THE BEMA

The ceremonial use of a bema carried

over from Judaism into early Christian

church architecture. It was originally araised platform with a lecternand seats

for the clergy, from which lessonsfrom

the Scriptureswere read and the sermon

was delivered. In Western Christianity

the bema developed over time into the

chancel(or presbytery) and the pulpit
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5. THE MAUSOLEUM5. THE MAUSOLEUM

A mausoleum[1]is an external free-

standing building constructed as a

monument enclosing the intermentspace or burial chamber of a deceased

person or people. A monumentwithout

the interment is a cenotaph. A

mausoleum may be considered a type

of tombor the tomb may be considered

to be within the mausoleum. A Christianmausoleum sometimes includes a

chapel.
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5. THE LATIN AND GREEK CROSS PLAN5. THE LATIN AND GREEK CROSS PLAN

The basilica is cruciformin shape, with an elongated nave in the Latin cross

form but the early designs were for a centrally planned structure and this is still

in evidence in the architecture. The central space is dominated both externally

and internally by one of the largest domes in the world. The entrance is through

a narthex, or entrance hall, which stretches across the building
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5. THE LATIN AND GREEK CROSS PLAN5. THE LATIN AND GREEK CROSS PLAN

St.Peters Basilica

Latin Cross Plan

By Raphael

St.Peters BasilicaGreek Cross Plan

By Raphael


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6. THE DOME6. THE DOME

The dome of St. Peter's rises to a

total height of 136.57 metres(448.1 ft) from the floor of the

basilica to the top of the external

cross. It is the tallest dome in the

world

St.Peters Basilica Dome

By Bramante


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THE RISE OF MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURETHE RISE OF MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE

BYANTINEBYANTINEARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURE


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History of ArchitectureHistory of ArchitectureTHE CHARACTERISTICS OF BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURETHE CHARACTERISTICS OF BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE

Hagia Sophia(6th century) a

combination was made which is

perhaps the most remarkable piece

of planning ever contrived. A

central space of 100 ft (30 m)

square is increased to 200 ft (60 m)in length by adding two hemicycles

to it to the east and the west

It was designed by the GreekscientistsIsidore of Miletus, a

physicist, and Anthemius of Tralles, a mathematician

Byzantine EmperorJustinianand was the third Church of the Holy Wisdom


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Byzantine EmperorJustinianand was the third Church of the Holy Wisdom

Before 1481 a small minaretwas erected on the southwest corner

of the building, above the stair tower. Later, the subsequent

sultan, Bayezid II(14811512), built another minaret at thenortheast corner. One of these collapsed after the

earthquake of 1509,and around the middle of the 16th century

they were both replaced by two diagonally opposite minarets built

at the east and west corners of the edifice.

the Sultan and his cohort

entered the church he insisted it

should be at once transformed

into a mosque. One of the Ulama

then climbed the pulpit and

recited the Shahada


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The Umayyad Mosque, also known as

the Great Mosque of Damascus (Arabic

: , Romanization

m' Ban'Umayya al-Kabr) or formerly

the Basilica of Saint John the Baptist
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Jerusalem was recaptured by Saladinon 2 October 1187, and the Haram was

reconsecrated as a Muslim sanctuary. The cross on top of the Dome of the Rock was

replaced by a golden crescent, and a wooden screen was placed around the rock

below


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Architect Frederick Catherwoodwas the first westerner known to

have made detailed drawings of the

Dome, which he accomplished

during a six-week period in

The diameter of the dome of the shrine is 20.20m

and its height 20.48m


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The Byzantine Revival (also referred to as Neo-

Byzantine) was an architectural revival

movement, most frequently seen in religious,

institutional and public buildings. It emerged in

1840s in Western Europeand peaked in the last

quarter of 19th century in the Russian Empire
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Bristol Byzantine is a variety of Byzantine

Revival architecture that was popular in thecity of Bristol from about 1850 to 1880.

Bristol Byzantine has influences

from Byzantine and Moorish architecture appliedmainly to industrial buildings such as

warehouses and factories.

The style is characterised by a robust and simple

outline, materials with character and colour

including red, yellow black and white brick

primarily from the Cattybrook Brickpit.


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THE RISE OF CASTLESTHE RISE OF CASTLES

ROMANES!UEROMANES!UE

ARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURE

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HOA Lecture 2